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Tous i«ts autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iliustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie 'A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds 6 des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est ii\m6 6 partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE KIEL REBELLION. HOW IT BEGAN — HOW iT WAS CARRIED ON -AND / ITS CCNSEQUENCES. SUCCINCT NARRATIVE OF THE FACTS. I HALF-BREED GRIEVANCES. In beginning the thorough study of tlio I^iel qiipstion, the grievancos of the half-breeds form the most jnominont jioint. There is no iio.^l to toilow those who, with one object or another, go back to the r.cbcllion of 18()9-70 and try to seek in it for oausoa and elfeots in seme respects foreign to tlio present question. In taking thia course, we liavo tlie authority of Ixiuis Kiel himself, who imuie'.Hateiy on liis return to tlie North- West declared before a large meeting of the lialf-breeds, wliiclihc had convoked : "The lUel of 1869 and lie of 1884 " are two very ditl'ereut men. In 'C'J he rose ngainst Cfuiada, which sought to take possession " of the country without making a ]iievious arrangement to guarantee the rights of the popu- "lation of JManitoba and the North- West. But td-day (he Korth-Wcst is fax integral part of • " Canada, aud after an experitinco of nearly nine years passed iii th.o United Stalin, he cau "assure his fellow-couritryraeii, the half-breeds, that t!iey arc better on this side of the line, "aud that ho does not wish them to become Amerioans." (l^etter from Father Andr6 to Lieutenant-Governor Dewdney, 21st July, 1881.) Tliese words of ihe lialf-biccd chief prove conclusively that he himself considered the Government of Canada as perfectly legitimate, and tliat, in his opinion, there was a clearly drawn line of demai'caticn bciueen tiu; eveuta of 1869-70 and those wlio.se liistory ^\o are nov,' aiiout to attempt writing. These grievances, t^o far as it luis been possible for us to ascenaiu, are reduced, at th« moment of idol's arrival, to the six following : 1. The half-breed sotthr.s did not receive letters patent for their land.s, in eousequeuce cf delays for which the Government alone was responsible, and by which they were prevented from obtaining tlie lands on which they were .settled. 2. That in consequence of the system of survey, they could not obtain the lands on which they had setthnl aud improved ]ireviou3 to the survey. 3. That they Were Lulitled to ilic same rights as those granted to the half-breeds of Manitol)a. 4. That the lands which they ha(l resiilcd on for years, h.ad been sold to otliers, princi- pally speculators, in disregard of tiieir rights. 6. Tliat the timber dues were very onerous and a serious cause of dissatisfaction. 6. That the diies for cutting hay on Government lauds were also onerous aud produced a deep feeling of di.scontcnt. Let us examine these si.K grievances. 1. The half-breeds claim letters patent for their lauds. It appears from the papers, that, contrary to the a,ssertionr. of the half-breeds, it was J so much the Government as the half-breeds themselves who were to blame. Here is what Mr. Pearce's report says on this subject : — "Dnring my first visit to Prince x\lbcrt, in August, 1883, I instructed Mr. Gauvreau, "then a.-.si8tanr, agent, a Ficnch Canadian, to visit every French settler, half-breed or other* "wise, in tlie district, ascertain what particular quarter-section he was on, and urge him to ■" make entry. Thio he did ; but, although Uic llouian Catholic priest urged them in a lik« ••uiaiuiir, for nome reason or otlior they failed to do so. Some were deterred tlirough ** ijfiioiitiici-, tliinking that tliey wonM have to pay taxes ; others have stated that they feared *• if ihev did so the Goveruiiient inigiit rail upon them to bear anus, but af^ainst vhat foe doca "not ajpcar to liave been very clear to them. Like all ignorant people, a few designing, "uiischievons men who have their ear, can work on their ignorance and prejmlieeH for tho *'ftdvaiiteinent of their own selfish ends. This i.s p;irticularly noticeable, in th^- case of those **who sctth'il subsecjiient to survey along the South Saskatchewan River." l'"urlhi^r on Mr. i'earcc says: — •■ In xMnich 1834, I instructed Mr. George Duck to proceed to tho parish of St. Laurent *'to take evidence in flupport of those elaim.s there, ond all other.'? above and below the same. *'He engageil the services of the Uev. Father Andr6 toassi.-t himincxplahiing to these people ** tho object oi his visit ; he obtained ajiplications from nearly all the clainiantH, from tho "upper part of the settlement down to tlie south limit of Township 45, llangc ],wcst3i names, leaving 241 names for the Districts of Batocho, Duck Lake, St. Laurent, St. Louis do Langevia and Prince Albert. Of" the- 211 petitioners, 99 had received many years before, land and scrip in Manitoba, and eonsiijui'utly hud no claim, 40 took their letters patent before the Commission of 1885, and the otiier lu2 have not l)een abl to prove their claim. In presence of such a state of things, can it bo reasonably maintained, that the Govern- ment would have bewn justified in grautiug the demands of the half-breeds without examina- tion, and simply ou their ]>i'titiou 1 2. The half-b;eeds piolext against the system of surveying their lands, and demand that. in future they shall be divided into river lots of two miles long by ten chains wide. This qufs^tion i;.i,->ed most serious difficulties and a new survey wouhl have been very expen- «ive; on the other hand, the settlers did not agree on this question, and the Government did everything pos;iil)le to bring them to a practical understanding. On the 19th November, 188;?, a certain number of the settlers protested to the Govern- ment against the action of one, of .themselves, Michel Canny, who had made an entry for his land as a square lot, whilst they wished tiieii-s to be laid out in river lots, and asf erted that they had all come to an understanding not to make entries. This disposition of tho settlers had tlie inevitable ellect of ulultiplying the ditticulties and hindering tho action of the Gov- ernment agents. Tiic liiird claim had no reason for being y.ut forward, as the state of things was exactly that asked for, only the half-bieeds neglected to conform to the regxilaticns. 4. That t!ie lands upon v/hich they had long resided had been sold to others. This •Utement is unfounded ; for no half-breed has ever been disturbed or dispossessed of his property, although more than one subsequently installed himself ou Canadian Pacific liuilway \i lauds, and wc oludlcvig'.- auyoue whuti'ver to cite the namp of a single half-breed settler wli© has been illegitiiiiatelv dispossessed of a single acre of land. 5. 'i'he timber dnes iire onernm. Let us see what is in this statement. Read what the report of Mr. I'eaiee, the Mi[H'rliilen(ieiit saj^s; "The amount collected us timber dues, from all the settlers embraced in these three list* "since the establishment of a Crown Timber Oflice, amounts to $30.25, which, divided by 253 " the number of claimants, amoinits to o I cents each for two yeart:, or at the rate of 1 5.] cents " eacli year for each settler. Of that amount .$.''5. 2.1 was paid by ibiir settlers for timber dues «• for erection of stores and shops leaving $25 wliich lias been paid by the remaining 25i "settlers as oilico fees on liomestead permits, known a,s free permits — 10 cents for each settler " for two years, or at the rate of 5 cents per fiuttler ]ier annum." C. The cutting of hay. Tho same report shows what this claim is wortli. "As you arc aware tlio object of hay permits was to ])roteet the small settler ajjninst the " large stockman or speculator, and it has always been optional witli settlers wletln'r ihey " took out ])ermits or not. If th'\y chose they could conlinuo the practice of th'- p,ist by " cutting hay anywhere. This has been expUiucd to these people. Thviy have never been asked " to take out any permits or pay any dues, tho hay being plenty and no largo stockmen or "specdators to interfere witli them. Tho iiay for the town of i'riueo Albert, or any large " stockmen iu that district, has been obtained elsewhere than in the neighbomhood of these " settlers. This is what is left of these famous grievances .about which so much uoisc has been made. FACTS AND DATES. The delegates, Gal>riel Dumont, J. Isbester, Moise Oijllette and M. Pumas, arrived afc the Mission of St. Teter (Heleua^, Jlontana, on the 2nd of June, 1884. The said delegnte* invite lliel to come to the Saskatehcwnn on the 3rd of June, 1884. Kiel accepts the invitatiom by letter dated the 5th of the same mouth, resigns his employment on the 0th, and depart* with his family on the 10th June, 18S4. They arrive at Friiico Albert about the 1st of July following, llo holds several pacific meetings. The 7th Jxily, 18S4, tho Kev. Father Andj« writes to Prince Albert, to Lieutenant-Governor Pewdney, that Itiel is acting peacefully, ami that he doesiiot seem dangerous, if the authorities do not molest him. On the 2)st of tluf samemc^i, writing to tho same ofTicial personage, the itev. Father Andre recommends hiiu not todisui-iTliie], in spite of what some people niight request. lUel is still peaceable. Tlic Freuck and English half-breeds hold meetings, ou dilfereut dates, at which Fael speaks with calm- ness, politeness and persuasive eloquence. The half-breeds open a list of subscriptions for tli« sup])ort of Kiel in August, 18S-i. On the 12th December, 1834, Biel speaks of his claim of §100,000 to the J.'ev. Father Andre. On the 23rd of the same month he promises to leave the country if the Goven.uicnt gives him $35,000. On the 27th February, 1885, he speaks of hi* claim of.y of George Ness, J. V., at the t'lul of Kill). On the 28th February Charles Nolin receives fronr McDonald a t(d-gram auiiounciug that the Government is going to give elFect to the requests of tho lialf-breeds. He com- municates tills telegram toliiel the following Sunday. On the 4th of March a telegram from the Government announces that the scrips are granted. On the 4th !March Uiel has a meeting nt Halcro, where the half-breeds present themselves in arms. lie has a dispute with liev. Father Andre. On the 5th March liiel explains to Noliu his plan of insmrectioii. Noliu rejects the plan and proposes to have a nine days retreat at St. Joseph and then to act accord- ing to their conscicnee. This proposition is accepted l^y the half-breeds in fepitc of Kiel, wh» tries to hinder the half-breeds from going. On the 17th i\Iarcli Kiel visits the hall-breeds and invites them to come in arms to Batoclie, to assistat the baptism of his Secretary Jackson, on the 19th March, St. Joseph's Day. On tho 18th the half-breeds take up arms and meet at Latoche. Ou the 18th Eiel circulates the repoit thai the police are coming to take them. Rt profanes the church at Batoche, ejects from it the llev. Father Moulin, appoints his council and commences to make prisoners, the same day. Ou the same day he arrests Boyer and Nolin in the church, while they are assisting at mass. Ho proclaimcs himself a prophet, presides at the pillage of the shops of Walters, Baker and Ken'. lie declares that the time has come when he must govern the country or perish iu the attempt. — (Testimony of Dr. AVillougiiby). I 0.1 tho lOili .Mircli t!i'! clmirh wi rmto-^lic servos its a bariaoks, rpstriurant, rmin.'il ehaiiilxT. lie (loiitinurs lo tiiak'i |iiiHOin>rs. ComltMuiis nnycr luul Nolin to he elint bcvimM' tlK'V will lilt Jiii" h\m. Oil thd -lilh M,iir!> llu'l (^iUHcs liiiiiscir to be proijlaiiniMi proplut by his couucii. l)n llie 21st Abirrli he vicNiand.') iVrnu Major ('rozier the surn'U'bjr of Fort Carleton. On the 'i-inl, 'JOnl iiml ^Hh Jvlinch he miikcs luisoiicrs to be used ns hostnges. On the 25th Miucli is tho battle of Duck L.'ike, On the 2nil- April, ISSf), In liansinsti.i^iited l>y lliel, uiiissacre tho llevereiiil Fivtliers M.iri'liandand Fafanl iiiidol'hcr whites at Fiog L'lke. The operations of tho rebellion continue. Tlio (.'anudian Governuieat ]iut the nnny ir.i ii war footing to Hujiidement tho North- West jioliee. On tlio (ith April (Jeneral Middjeton marehos on 15;itoelie, the stronghold of the rebels. Oa tho 2nd May is the battle of Cut Knife Hill. Oa tho !Hli May coniineneo tho military opentions before iJatoelie. On the J2th May the fortilieations of Batoeho are taken by assault, tlie prisoners set free, the rebels »ud iviel in flight. Oil the If'th May Jtiel, carrying a saddle and bridle and looking for a Lorse, is captured by scouts Armstrong and liourie and brought to General Middleton's caiup. From there transferred to Uegiua under the conduct of Cupt. Holmes Vouug. THE REAL MOTIVE OF RIEL. ofth When his defendauL* of to-diiy (the Honorable Mr. Blake at their head) promised a rew;i;d «>J jr),i;0.) to whoever would arrest him, Louis biel escaped the danger, thanks to th-- iiccuniary «jC(^our of Sir John A. .Macdonald. He ].romised atthattime toexile himself and not to come lack to tiiis co\U)try. Far from keeping his word the half-breed chief hid himself for a long liuic in dill'-nnl, localities at tlie houses of many friends iu the Province of Quebec. It even «.i ui:j i)i'oved that his detention at the asylums of Beauport and Longue Fointe were more or less jmtence, and tiiat he enjoyed a certain liberty of action. One might say that these a.sylums •trved him lis shelter when, in the eour.se of liis peregrinations to gain friends in our I'ro- rhic,, he thought himself too clo.sely ]iressed and on the point of being discovered by the Wuod hounds ]iutca the scent by Mr. Blake's $5,000. In sjdte of his promises lUei never abandoned hi« plans respecting the North- West, he iJiminaled on them continually, wove intrigues, and with this end in view ke])t up his rela- tions with tho North- West. "WmLE stili in the States," writes Father Andre, "Kiel had TOlt A LONG TIME BEEN tiTUlRlNO VP AMONG THE SASKATCHEWAN llALF-Ii|E2DS THE IXClrEMENT WHICH LED TO HIS HECALL TO THE COUNTRY. " Af:ei' many trips across the province of Quebec and the United States the agitator estab- Siihcd him elf at Heh'iia, in Montana, where he enters, in the character of teacher, an ♦vlueutional establishment — directed by tho Reverend Fathers, the Jesuits. In 1!SS3, as has been ]irovcd in the course of the trial of I'ierro Parenteau, we see him rtturning to Manitoba, and there holding secret cabals with Nault and Dumout. In the course *iUas ciius^iiracy it is agreed between the three conspirators that Nault and Dumont would {©through the couutr}', and stir up the people to send to fetch him (lliel). A subscription 'Lht was jircpared in haste, three meetings were held and before the public of the country luew that ho was being sent for, he had arrived. •' AhllEADY FOIl FOUR YEARS," Writcs Frcrc Piquet, — "HE PKEMEDITATED THE TROUBLES *ai."« HAVE JUST TAKEN I'LACE, AND TRACED THE PLAN OF THEM IN A lETTER WRi fTES EV aiS OWN HAND WITH BUFFALO LLOOD." The deicgates, among whom were comprised those who played the part of supernimieraries in this sinister comedy, arrived at Helena to render account to the half-breed chief of their pretended mission, lie, an accomplished comedian, requests two days for reflection. After ihis delay he lualcs them tho following reply : — " it is ^Jhorte!tt to bo frank. I suppose tliat the counsel which I should give you on .this foreign soil concerning the alfairs of the Canadian Territory can cross the frontier, and exercise (K.jic! inlluence. But there is another question. According to the 31st Article of the Treaty of iianitobn, the Canadian Govevumeut owes me 240 acres of land. It owes me also live lots, which are rendered valuable by hay, wood and the vicinity of the river. These lots belonged to me by virtue of the different ]>aragra])hs of the same 31st article of the treaty of which 1 have just spoken. It is the Canadian Government which, directly or indirectly, liris deprived juc ot these ])ropcrtics. Besides, if only the Government examined the thing for a moment, it would easily see that it owes me something more. These claims which I have against it liave still their ju.stice, iu spite of i..y having become an .\merican citizen. In your interest, as well as for my own, 1 accept your kind invitation ; 1 will go and sjiend some time among you. Perhaps in presenting petitions lo tho Government, w^e sliall liave a ciiance to obtain so i;e- thing. But my intention is to return early in the autumn," (Signed.) LO J IS KIEL. long ran wf not SCO iiLcady in tliis Vllw VAA'a r-'fil );1aii ? To pain a rccncjni. Ion of IiIh claim against, llio Ciovcninvnit, IIi; wiw not ignoiaut, liowevcr, tlmt liin claim ha'l no longer any ?V>u'-(latii)n, not only liccansc lie had tikfu tlsc cliaraclur of an Ainoricau citizen, but also Iw.. c'usf! lin liiid been comlenined lor oontuinacy iu tlin tiiul for tlie execution of Scott. "But," some ^viUsay to us, "you do not sro then, that this man i;t animated by peaceful sentiments, and that he spcnks of returning to his home in the autumii ?" <-Vitainly I 15ut let us not forget that amrng the delegates (Jabiicl Dumont only knew of the comedy Ik ing played, and that there wna great risk of this hitler being sjioiled in the first ..cei:e if Kiel committctl the stupidity of exposing his batteiies. Here, as in tiio hitter course cf cventn, wo sec liinMr.criting well the jnaise of his nccomplico G. l.Himont. "11© is mo!C cunning tiian all the; othcis ].ut together." liiel did not cause his own leeall, some peoj'le jTotcst. Thisisonly the suppcsition of ill- natured jieople. Have tlio goodness to cxjdain to us then how it was that this oiiiniou wag gencndly accredited among the half-breeds as is stated by tho superintendent, Wm. reurce, iu his report dated 24th Dciember, 1885 ? Explain to ns how it was that several weoka be- fore he recei\'((l th(( dt'iiutaliou of half-breeds liiel was able to announce his coming departure to ahalf-brced of jMonttnia, and j)Vvecautions for concealing his rcsjion- kibility. On tlie l'2t!i May he says to Astley : " 7 have three c,'iance.i, or means of escape ; Jim l.y ] olilictans ; secondly, by mca.M of the council paper-'', yon must know that J k-ics tr.auyed all the pnp':rs in nuch manner as t) show that the council lias done all; I shall not lermit niy^ilj to be mixed vp ici h lite movement. My third means is in mil character of chiff oj the ntv: ;i liyion." (Trial of Arcand and others.) lie endeavours besides to make himself »fcleonje to the I'ngiish halt-breeds, whom he greatly de.sires to draw into the movement, and to this end ];e has recourse to religious fanaticism. He saj's to them that "Ae lias quite sepa- rated hnmu'lffrom the Church of Home, and loill have nothing more to do with the J 'ope, and that tli'j! shall pni/ no more taxes to Home. That // they rem tin al'ached to Rome they cannot vniie iriih the Cann.dians and the ichites who would go there to live, because their government would have to crpcl all liie J'roltst'intsfro?n the country if it wished to remain on a good under- Mand'vg w>th Rome." (Trial of Eicl. Testimony of Thomas Sanderson.) When he writes to the Indians' ho promises them the suppoit of the Uni'ed States, as appears liom a letter which I'oundmaker and four other chiefs write to lliel. "7'eW me when ihe Americans will be at the Canadian Pacific Railway." (Trial of I'oundmaker.) And to Holiii he says also : "Lefore the grass has grown to this height in this countn/ you will see jweign arn.ies here.''' (Testimony of Nolin at the trial of Itiel.) He holds this language to Beveral others, Avith the object of creating intimidation. Then he makes them believe that "they would bs viaJe to suffer unspeakable atrocities if they ivcre made priwners by fhe police OTihe an/iy." (Trial of I'arenteau and 25 others.) Ho threatens tho Indians ou another occasion, and affirms that 'Hfthey do not join him and accept the conditions of the half-breeds, the Americans will take everything from them, and that the Indians wtll not have the size of tuat," cracking his fingers. (Trial of i'oundmaker. Testimony of Robert Jetlersou.) Uut it is not oi:ly diplomacy and menaces that the half-breed chief employs ; "ho takes y the cattle of the Indians in order to take from them their only means of existence," and in Ih)! mass, ct tlint liis liiiir-ltrecili r this siinjilo l!ic iniracu- jlHicdt man. mi 11,1^ of the lot ii!nl tin; a thii Frejic/i {if I wii'es to iiecffniorij f/n rs U'liich the )i'X. \)<) Nl)[' This letter is held similar icople wished Igr. CaaiKlin " From that e accused the the spirit of ig a scliism in s abandon his luct is leading t of St. l.oiiis," I of St. Hridrjet Trial of Pareii- votion, make a a thirst for the their ^iriests to most friglitf d ly care of Hid. the hand of the for $;!r),000, ho .ling his rcspon- ntiumi oj cx''ii)ie ; ow that J h'lve all; I shall not .meter of chirf or o make himself uiovemcnt, and e has quite septi- h the I'opc, and lonv! then cannot their ijocernm^nt on a i/oo.l under- ni'ed States, as "Tell me when iiaker.) And to itru you tvill see this language to hem believe that lers by the police ilians ou another ■)f the half-breeds, the size of that," .) ploys ; "ho takes if existence, " and fuT t'liin tliu.-^ to thmw tliennclves on him. (Trial of Monnet I'lano.) He HC'.id'* "Monk- man wall twenty armed men to free the English iLilf-brecds loj.iin him." (Tiid of Scott.) Proofs are superabundant of his great astuteness, iacriMlible foresigiit, and his indoniitabU uudacily, and in tlie (^hoi^n of the, moment lor his relxdlion he has given jiroof of keen fore. aight. He knew ihat in the npriiig, when the roads a.e baturat'd witli melting snow, it is diUicnlt and almost impossible for armies to march ; on the otlier iiaiiil, he knew that to poiit* ]ione tlu) enterprise was to condemn it to failure, the oom])'etion of the (Janada I'licilio liaU- way neeegsarily implying great facilities for tlu) transport of the Government trooiw. llitd played his part in a superior manner, and it must b oncluded that instead of being the vietim of hallucinations he was, on llie contrary, an astnu: man of superior intelligence. l'roviden(!C has not willed that his pe.rvcrso designs should be crowned with success, for wluoh we should return fervent thanksgivings. THE APPEAL TO THE INDIAIJS. It is established by the evidence given at the trial of Kiel, that the Indians did take ]iart in the engagement at Duck Lake. McKay said : " 'Jthere were two waggons with two Indians in each, and an I idian oa " horse-back. It was the Indian who had siiokcn to Major CJroziur. He was killed when th» *' firing commenced." Astlej' gives evidence ; " Towards noon or a little later a certain number of Metis and *' some Indians arrived from liatoehe in comiuand of lliel." " There were then at Duck Lake about ]M Indians." Harold Ross, Deputy SherilF, asserts: " That there were from 75 to 100 Indians among " the rebels, whom he saw at Duck Lake, running in the direction of Carleton a few instants *' before the firing." I'eter Tompkins questioned : " Among the 300 men liow many, think you, we» Indians ?" Reply: "About 150." This appears to ns sufficient to prove tliat the Indiana did take part in the skirmish at Duck Lake. It remains to prove that these Indians came there at the call of Kiel and not of their own accord. In the course of the trial of Poundmakcr, Robert JefTersou declared that there came to Cut Knife a Metis and an Indian, bearers of a letter from Riel to Poundmakcr, in which th« *'exovide " begged Ponndmaker to lend him his armed assistance. John W. Astley gives evidence : " In speaking to me of the Indians, Riel told me one* " tl.a; the reasons why he had nuide an appeal to the Indians was because certain persons had ** jiot kept faith w'ith him." (Trial of One-Arrow). This acknowledgement made to Astley would suffice in case of need, if we had not other proofs written l>y the hand of Riel himself. Here are some of these written proofs : — Case for the Crown (J'xhibit No. 8), Ritd writes: "Dear relations and friends we advise you to jmy attention, hold yourselves ready for ecerythiny. 'Jake the Indians with you, collect them from all sides. Take all the ammunition thitt you can Jrom any storehouses whaterer. Murmur, (/roivl, threaten, stir up the Indians ; before all make the police at Fort Pitt and Battlejord homeless." * Case for the Crown No. G, addressed to the 'Metis and the Indians of Battleford and surroundings : Rise, face the enemy, and, if you are able to do so, take Battleford, destroy it, &.C. No. iO, dated St. Antoine, 23rd March, 1S85, and addressed to our brothers the English and French Metis of Lake (^u'Appelle, and surroundings. Riel closes : " Afterwards warn iht Indians of (lie ivoods againul aUowiny thcnis-dres to he surprised." No. 11. " T It our relations, the InJiuny, to hold thyinselces ready to come to aid us" No. 13. " Warn the Indians of the woods that they might be surprised. J.et them be ready for all events, and with calmness andeouraye, let them Inks possession of all powder, bullets, balls and cartridges from the storehouses of ih^: Uuhon Bay Company at Nut Lake and at Fish Lake." No. 28. To tlie Metis and to Tin-; Indians of Pattloford and surroundings, letter dated from St. Antoine 9th AprM, 1885 : " Rise, face the police, t/that is possible for you, and if tht thing is not already done take. Battleford, destroy it, save all tlie goods and provisions and confcj to join us." Finally, here is a letter signed by Poundmakur and four other Indian Chiefs which provea Vy(.nil ill! (I'liilil, V.\.d iiol only d'.il I.'irl I'lig.igp the .N[i'ti-i to ^ti|■ iiii tli null' pruiuiscH to Uu'iJi, given Iiicluiiia, Imt tlmt he hiuisclf, previously, li.nl ir.oinjiteil tliotn to revolt, tliut he liul imi orders ; in ii word, that lio ha>luoii8tuutcomuiuiiit.-utioii with tiicui. •H'ur IvNiiK, llfix, 23th Ai»ri], 1335. •• To Mil. L'HiiH Kiel, — I would hko to liiivo Bomo news of tlin jiroi^roKH .if tlio work oT •• God. ricasu lot mi) know if any cvonl luv|ipucd siuco your ui'ssiiiif^'T di'pirti'd. Tr/l m« «• when t/i; Ainsricniii will lie on thu I'acijic liutlw-vi. Givu lu;) all llio newsyou liavu ifccivotl " from all tli<' jilu'i-i wlioro your work goes on. Jhj Ikar h " tlio Ai.r.NT, 1 I'uiK.sT undo WiirrKMEN. "\Vo are caujpiug near thu creek, ini'ii ; liaiely •• below Cut kuH'o Hill where wo wait for Big Hear. Tho blaekfeet ha/o killed (j<) uiM ff " tho ])oliei) at tho Elbow. It's a Metis interpreter for tho police wlin, hiwinf? survived " although wounded, has l)rou£r!it us this iiewa, llt^re wn h;ivo killed hvk wliitemeii ; we h.avo " not yet taken the lurraeks, but that is tho only building whieh n.mains intact in IJalilo- " ford. We have tiikeu all the horses and all ilio (^'^ltle in the ui'ighborhnod. We linve lost "one man, n Nez-1'erce, wlio, finding himseif alone, has been killed, and wo have hnd one " wounded. Some faoldiers havo come from Swift Current but I do not know how many. " Wo hiivo here gnus and ritles of all kinds, but we nre in want of ammunition. JJ il iveiejio-.' *' title ivc bcij ofyoH to send us some ammunition o/differciil kimh. Wo are weak only in that. " You have causcil us to bi! informed that you would come t) IJattleford when you hive com- " pU-tcd your operations at Duck Lake. We itro waiting for you yet, seeing tint it is iinpos- " sible for us to take this fort without aid. If you send us news o:ily snid one messenger. " Wc are anxious to rejoin you, it would encourage us mueli to seo yoi and would make U9 *• work with (v better heart. Up to tho present everything has been well with us, but wo *• cxp<'ct always that the soldiers are about to come and i)ay us a vi.sit hcve. We hojic God •• will also be good to us ii' the future as ho hai been iu the past. Wo the un loi'sigut'il .send *' our greetings to all, " rOUNDMAKEP, "CO-riN-OlJ-WAY-.SlN', "MUS-SIN-AS.^?, "MEC-LAY-WAY-It!, '*rEE-YAY-CiLEEW. " As soon as this letter reaches you scuvl us immediately some news, seeing tliat wo aro *' iu a hurry to get some. •' If yon send us news scud as many men as possible." Now, gentlemen, you wlio admire lUel, think you still that tho Government lias been doing wrong iu giving to the "exonide^' a just trial iulicu of causing hin\ to bo shot after sum- mar/ convictum, following the ]iractioo and customs of tho neigiiboring repulilic. We have promised you proof; you must find that they suparabouud, and yet nothing would be easier than to giv(!out yet several columns more of them. Ko one knew b(!tter than lUel tho ferocious in.stincts of tho Indians and the liorriblo dangers resulting from their alliance. In 1SG;>, Ileal wrote in a manifesto ; *' In spite of our " dillicultxes we iiave never called to our assistance the duugorous element of the Indians." THE REBELLION. • l^iel having learned b\' the ttilegram aldrcsse I to Nolin by McDonald, (trial oi' lUel, evidence < f No'in,) thit the Government hid decreed to do justice to the claimsof the Jletis, aud seeing tliat his lihleelaim isuot receive I with tho favours duo to him, cries out : — •' The English have icn slea'in;)J'or 400 yuars, it is about tun; to jml an end to it; that has lasted iony tnough." (Eviilenee of Kolin at the trial of Uiel.) His decision is made, it is necc-^sary to take up arms. He communicates some d:i ys later his ])lan of an iusuricction to Noiin and demands his adhesion. jS'olin frightened at the resolution of the Metis chief, refuses his co-operation and proposes having public prayers in the Catholic Chapel for nine days, confessing and communicating aud then acting according to their consciences. The Metis decide to havo the nine d.ays* devotion. It commences on the Sun- day following, against the will of Kiel, who hinders the people from going there. (Trial of Kiel, evidence of Nolin.) The influence of Nolin is on the poiut of making the Metis escape from the action of the )ui tliiit he lu'iji, giveu 1835. ihd wovlc of I. Tril vm vo ri'C'.'ivctl 11.1 lliU ii\e Let r>« iiy journfjy. vii iiiailo -J iiiun liivlely GO mca cf if^ survival II ; wc l),T,vo t in llaLilc- iv have lost ivo hnd one low many. 'fit were /lO".- ■)uly ill t-luit. II li;iv(.i corn- it is impoa- iic.iHongor. lid luako 113 1 us, l)ut wo liojK' God Mi;?atHl send Y-SIN, ;\v. C lliat \vc aro Jilt lias been iOt after sum- I. Wo have uld bi3 easier the horrible ii spito of our a Indians." 'trial of .Iiid, iof tho Metis, out : — " The •as Lasted long imc d:iys later ^btencd at the ilio prayers in g according to ses on the Sun- ?re. (Trial of e action of the rebel, niid it is iiowBsciy togpi rid of llii> inmblo iotn« nut*, bo he oins'-s him to bo arrested wliilo he is nxHi'-tiii'T af tnusa. (I'.viib'iu'o of Nolin, trial of I'co't.) O'-iicrM liiiii to h\\ bIioI, but tlm couix'il hiiVTH lii'i liji'. (Trial of l!iel, rvidi'iice of Astlcv, liuss, jNuliii iiml ollieiH. Tlh' niLcnal fdi llio iiiHiini'ction is niven, tlie (luehtioii is only lorciiuito lliu loirea. " TA* ] 7'A M'lich /»■: lieliik':s himself to the ttltlcment irom uhoce or I mm I he foul/i, to the Koulfi n/ Ihitochv. liabrkl / umniil b-lak'-i hinnclf to tha north of liitloche. 'then ''"^^ upon all tha iiopulu/ion to- { •*milc themsehex at I'atuche in or.tei to po from ih'ra to the church of St. Laurent ^> nsntst at »'V> baplixm. {iifjurhsoii ) Thei/ musl bring along their gnnn to fire a volley. Thug must m the meantime i top at l.latoche till all were aasmebled there. Theg assemble at Ilaloehe. JI'i circula:e» then a vi'poit that 600 vm o> the police are advancing agutnal them. Theg had nuch e.njidenea in their chief and in all things they said and explained to them that th y believed these Ttj>orts." (Trial Parent fan.) Tlie aim of the agitator Is attained. Tho Metis aro aascirijled iu arms, they think thenisi'lves tlireatened, tli'jir spirits are (dat'l, the revolt has comiD'inced, now is the uioinent Ito Htrikj tlio grand blow. He proclaims }n udf a prophet. Jle is ahout to take pofss^iono^ 'he church at Jialocho. The lieu. I'rie.st Moulin, who is curate of that parish, wiihesjo Kpeait <-) the crowd that invales t'e church bg order of Jiiel, but tha Metis chie'^opposfs himneli' to thin in the following terms : " Caurv IIIM AWAY AND liiNl* IIIM." The worthy A'ccles'aatir pnteUs and Riel cries out : " Look AT lUM, ilB is A I'lioiKsTAN r ; ' then he adds, go away ! •' oo AWAY I" (Kvideiico of G. Ness, J. P., trial of Iviel.) Kiel installed iutho churcli, ■leouneil is appointed after the Btrangest fashion. Let us still furtlier consult Uio evidence at the trial of rarcntean ill order to edify ourselves. Hero iswhatwclind there: " O'll'viel JJun,ont cries from th:; inid.st of the crowd: JJo you consent to such an Isuch mi one being ajipoinlcdcounci'lorf The <'hurch serves besides ns a barracks, whcro one rats, '^ '• ks, bleeps, bathes, ia a word tha leui]>le of (lod is ])rofaned in an abominable manner. 13nt ill order to carry out tho rebellion, arms and ammi ition are iieccsiarv. Kid pro- cures tlics) for liimself by delivering up to ])illif,'e the st )iis "f AValters and Baker, and of Keir, and ho snys to Waltcis : '*Give up your arini a ammi. 'Uion pcf Ug, and it •(, . "i/r- ceed iu the movement, ws will pay you^ ij wc tail, th.^ 1 .rul tJovernrt" . . ivtll pay for ih-m, you will bVJ to the polico every opportunity to surrender, but ij theg do not do iliat, there will be blood spilled, and lie adds :" " Asj r gou, 1 shall n ol set y )u at . liberty tinder (tnytprotesi, because you am employed bg tlie Government, an 1 1 shall detain ym at a hostage." At another moment ho makes us3 of persuasion, and as res]iect3 Lash, of jji'iimises ; he (jvarantces liim a jmsition in the service, \f he will j^luce Idinself at his tide. (Trial Ki(l. Evidence of Lash.) We now arrive at the period of the flist bloodshed. "Wo could -cite y( t more evidence, all proving that Kiel Mas, from tha 13th March, at the head of a movement whicli was insuiiectionaiy, jdiinly and undeniably; but it aiijiears to ua that these quotatu us are Buifieient. "Wo will continue iho histoiy of the events on autheniio documents. TTie 20th March, Thomas McKay, us he snid in his evidence, goes to Batoche, in order to try to make tho Metis uniierstand to wUat they were exposing, liiemselves in entering into a rebellion. Arrested liy Ki;d's men hatscapej 'tea /;,Mith wliichtlio "exovide'' thre.iti'iicd him, thanks to tlie intervention of Cli.amjiagne. Kiel Hies into a passion against tiie YoluntciTs, inveighes against lain and linishcsby teliinghim : " i'ou Iciiow not ivhat «v xvanl ! ICablo'hil Blood! Blood is irfwt ve uaiU! Its a war of' extermination. All who are against n.f leill bi chated/rom the countrg /" Let us not forget tliis date of 2(:th March. It ia C days before the first •meeting between tho Metis and the police, that Kiel made use of this feroeious language, it will be henceiuith very dililcu'v, to make people belifve what has I ecu preleuded, that *;iel vv'as attacked by Major Ciozier. Lnt ttie events go to show eharly tliat even if the iirst shot were fired from tho i-anks of tlie police, which fact do.-s not appear jiroven, tho woilike intentions of the "ixoviue'* weie umh n -aHv. llcie is the account given by ]\lacKay at the triid of tlie Metis chief, of the events at. 10 Duck Lake. " lie (Riel) mid /.hat ha would be happy to have my support, and that it wan not tott late for vie to Join them, that tins was the last chance /or Crozier to avoid the rffusion of IdooJ, and that unless ho surrendered Fort Carleton an attack Kould bs made by midnight.'' These propositioiu are scarcely pacilic, and do not absolutely indicate a uiaa decided on waiting to 1)0 attacked, on liio contrary, ono already perceives there the fixed idea to atten3i)t a surprise. Hut let us continue. " 'hcu MacKay re-enters Carleton in (oinpanywith Mitchell, the latter /lands to Major Crozier, a letter in which Kiel requested him to meet halfway ^ men whom liiel iircfeived to send, rathsr than to go there himself. Th(i interview takes rdaco al the j)lae,e designated. MacKay and Capt lin Moore declare to Charles Noliii and Maxime Lepiue following the orders of Major Crozier ; "that thvj must giue the names oj the chiefs oj the movement, and that they tcoull have to give account to jus'ice, hut that a great number of those who had been dragged by force into the movement would be treated with kindness." Noliu declared that " liiei and his council required the surrender of Fort Carleton without condition , AMI THAT NOTliixa KLSK AVOVLD .SATISFY iiiM." The delegates of Crozier having replied, that it was jierlectly useless to discuss such j)ropositiou3 as they could not be accepted, Noliu answered that ke had a letter for Major Crozier, but that it was useless to deliver it to him, S2'in} thU Fort Carleton would not be surrendered. Let Ui noto by the way that Jlajor Crozier caused to be posted up by Astley a proclamation in the sensi? of what he had caused to bo told Kiel by Capt. Moore and McKay, and that these post"rs v.ero torn down by or.ler of Riel (trial of Kiel. Evidence of John W. Astley). This fact, any more than the preceding ones, does not prove au expectant attitude on the part of the exovide. Here is the letter of which Noliu and Lepine were the bearers : — Saint Antoine, 21st March, I8S5. To Major Crozier, ComTuaHder of the Mounted Police at Carleton and ab r)attiei'ord : Majou, — Tne Councillors of the Provisional Government of SaskatchcAvan, have the honour to communicate t^'yoxx the following conditions of surrender: •* You must abandon comj^letely the position wherein the Canadian Government has placed you at Carleton and Battleford, aud at the same time all the yuoperties of the Government." If you accept you aud your men will be free on your word of honour to keep the pence, and those who may wish to leave the country will be provided with waggons aud provisions to enable them to go to Qu'Appelle. If you refuse we intend to attack you when to-morrow, the Lord's Bay, shall have passed, and to commence, without delay, a war of extermination agiliust all those who have shown themselves hostile to our rights. Messrs. Charles Nolin aud Maxime Lepine, arc our representatives with whom you must treat. Major, we respect you. May the cause of humanity be to you a ccusolation in the misfortunes which the bad administration of the Government will have caused you. Louis "David" Kiel, Exovide ; lleuo Parenteau, J. B. Parenteai:, Pierre Henry, Charles Nolin, Gab. Dumout, Albert Delorme, Moise Ouellette, Albert Moukman, Dam. Carri6re, Maxime Lejjiue, lUe. Boyer, Bte. Boucher, Donald Itoss, David Tourouud Amb. .lobiu, and P. Garnot, Secretary. It woidd be difficult to find a more crushing proof of the guilty designs of the "Exovide." . REVOLT, CONSEQUENCES AND PUNISHMENT. No conimuiiitv or State can .sanction rebellion, and its^elf continue to exist. An 1 as respects punishment for rebellion, it has been pointed out that the United States did not inflict the punishment cf death, after crushing the rebellicn in the ."irtt was the fi-st to fire on tlie priest Fafard. The priest fell, his face again .t the ground, the blood fiowinj; txom his mouth and nose. u Detiiils are not given of the murder of tlie Rev. F. Marcliand, tut we cau complete them by a letter from the iiev. V. Leduc, who expresses himself as follows : — 7'/ie dear fathers FafuTd, Canadian, and MarchanJ, of the Diocese of Eenncs, were massacred hi/ the ii>jide!.<, their bodies horribly mutilated, their hearts pulled out a?ii/ 7io doubt devoured. " They both yloriously fell under the bullets of the savayes, immolated to their blind ami foolifh hut red. IJotli fell in the (xerdne rf th-t n)lde virtue cf charity in briny iny relief to the victims of thi injide/s, and in endenvo'iriny to sub lue and calm the fury if the Indians. The latter^ blinded iy perfidious advice, u-anlc i to yet rcl, not only of the whites, but of their priests and tlicir rrliyion." The (j^cy Nuns only escaped outrage and death by taking refuge on a desert ihland, where they spent several iiiglits exposed to to the inclemeney of the woiithur at this gl.u'iid season, and having for food iiotliing but tbo iish they could catch in tiio hlk(^ The dcfondcrs of the " Exovide," do not iiold him responsible for tlkse massacres, and say he never ordered these atro'i'ities. Wo are willing to believe, that the new iMaLomei, did not sign llie order to put to death the victims at Frog Lake, for then all examinatiou ot his case would bo superflucus, hut tlie opinion of the llev. Father Leduc seems to us to bo so clearly expressed as to need no commentary. Kiel who gave the order to arouse the Indians, has at the same time, assumed the responsibility of tlu-ir atroeilies. And the llev. lather Tourmoml does not think dilil'rently whi^n he says: — " It Mas a horrilile consequence of tliP diabolical plans of Kiel that the Rev. Fathers rafaravid Kiel continued his work at Datoche. The turning at Frog Lake and Carleton had given an appcHte to the insurgents. They set fire to IJillyaid Mitchell's house, after having sacked and pillaged it. One day Kiel says to his men, "you will go .'>nil take the prisoners at Gamot's and give them to th(! Indians, who will kill them to-night, and the same is to be done to the two prisoners in Solomon Venue's house, but see that the Indians do not torture them." Patrick Touroiiil energi'tifally opposed this barb'arous order and exclaims: "If you kill these men, you Will have to begin by killing me," and the Exovide re]die.s banteringly: "Tourond, you ii^c an I you will remain ail sound." (Tourond trial, evidence of Itoger Goulet.) What a good iipostli'l Tiuly we must acknowledge that Mr. Jleicier is a hundred thousand times right when he says that liicl died becjuse he hn.i loved his country loo well, but the Kouge chief should have ailded, and kis ne yhhnrs. Truly can you imagine anything more touching than this rei'ommend;ition to see that the Indians did not torture the prisoners. This strongly bears a resemlilance to tlie num who would give a lamb to the wolf, forbidding him to eat it. "I'liel, having discoveretl that Monkman ha liom Heave 1!, aiid I'e been justified in imortallty by tlieir e insm-gents. They it Ga;not*s and give » be done to the two me them." I'atrick you kill these men, fly: «'Touroud, you ^ulot.) ) a hundred thousand uwcZ/.but the Rouge ;hing more touching ners. This strongly ddiug liini to eat it. japing on horseback, WHY, made a prisoner lioyer at Batoche." arties lived, and all .le witli deatii. Any tel. ^^Tlial of Joseph J, TvieVa i>risoner, tlie uwspapers iu the east. correspondence to .justifiy the rebellion, gives Lis evidenee at the Clianipaguo trial in the following words; "The only members of the council upon whom iJiel could rely were Gabriel Dumont, Dumase Carriere and Napoleon Nault. lUel distrusted all the otheraiaud watched them." "The master comedian, this signal imposter, had turned their lieada, and wlicn lie had compromised them by the shedding of blood, then tliey were iu his power, aij