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32X

THE KIEL REBELLION.

HOW IT BEGAN — HOW iT WAS CARRIED ON -AND

ITS CCNSEQUENCES.

SUCCINCT NARRATIVE OF THE FACTS.

HALF-BREED GRIEVANCES.

In beginning the thorough study of tlio I^iel qiipstion, the grievancos of the half-breeds
form the most jnominont jioint. There is no iio.^l to toilow those who, with one object or
another, go back to the r.cbcllion of 18()9-70 and try to seek in it for oausoa and elfeots
in seme respects foreign to tlio present question. In taking thia course, we liavo tlie authority
of Ixiuis Kiel himself, who imuie'.Hateiy on liis return to tlie North- West declared before a
large meeting of the lialf-breeds, wliiclihc had convoked : "The lUel of 1869 and lie of 1884
" are two very ditl'ereut men. In 'C'J he rose ngainst Cfuiada, which sought to take possession
" of the country without making a ]iievious arrangement to guarantee the rights of the popu-
"lation of JManitoba and the North- West. But td-day (he Korth-Wcst is fax integral part of •
" Canada, aud after an experitinco of nearly nine years passed iii th.o United Stalin, he cau
"assure his fellow-couritryraeii, the half-breeds, that t!iey arc better on this side of the line,
"aud that ho does not wish them to become Amerioans." (l^etter from Father Andr6 to
Lieutenant-Governor Dewdney, 21st July, 1881.) Tliese words of ihe lialf-biccd chief prove
conclusively that he himself considered the Government of Canada as perfectly legitimate,
and tliat, in his opinion, there was a clearly drawn line of demai'caticn bciueen tiu; eveuta of
1869-70 and those wlio.se liistory ^\o are nov,' aiiout to attempt writing.

These grievances, t^o far as it luis been possible for us to ascenaiu, are reduced, at th«
moment of idol's arrival, to the six following :

1. The half-breed sotthr.s did not receive letters patent for their land.s, in eousequeuce
cf delays for which the Government alone was responsible, and by which they were prevented
from obtaining tlie lands on which they were .settled.

2. That in consequence of the system of survey, they could not obtain the lands on
which they had setthnl aud improved ]ireviou3 to the survey.

3. That they Were Lulitled to ilic same rights as those granted to the half-breeds of
Manitol)a.

4. That the lands which they ha(l resiilcd on for years, h.ad been sold to otliers, princi-
pally speculators, in disregard of tiieir rights.

6. Tliat the timber dues were very onerous and a serious cause of dissatisfaction.

6. That the diies for cutting hay on Government lauds were also onerous aud produced a
deep feeling of di.scontcnt.

Let us examine these si.K grievances.

1. The half-breeds claim letters patent for their lauds.

It appears from the papers, that, contrary to the a,ssertionr. of the half-breeds, it was J
so much the Government as the half-breeds themselves who were to blame.

Here is what Mr. Pearce's report says on this subject : —

"Dnring my first visit to Prince x\lbcrt, in August, 1883, I instructed Mr. Gauvreau,
"then a.-.si8tanr, agent, a Ficnch Canadian, to visit every French settler, half-breed or other*
"wise, in tlie district, ascertain what particular quarter-section he was on, and urge him to
■" make entry. Thio he did ; but, although Uic llouian Catholic priest urged them in a lik«

••uiaiuiir, for nome reason or otlior they failed to do so. Some were deterred tlirough
** ijfiioiitiici-, tliinking that tliey wonM have to pay taxes ; others have stated that they feared
*• if ihev did so the Goveruiiient inigiit rail upon them to bear anus, but af^ainst vhat foe doca
"not ajpcar to liave been very clear to them. Like all ignorant people, a few designing,
"uiischievons men who have their ear, can work on their ignorance and prejmlieeH for tho
*'ftdvaiiteinent of their own selfish ends. This i.s p;irticularly noticeable, in th^- case of those
**who sctth'il subsecjiient to survey along the South Saskatchewan River."

l'"urlhi^r on Mr. i'earcc says: —

•■ In xMnich 1834, I instructed Mr. George Duck to proceed to tho parish of St. Laurent
*'to take evidence in flupport of those elaim.s there, ond all other.'? above and below the same.
*'He engageil the services of the Uev. Father Andr6 toassi.-t himincxplahiing to these people
** tho object oi his visit ; he obtained ajiplications from nearly all the clainiantH, from tho
"upper part of the settlement down to tlie south limit of Township 45, llangc ],wcst3i<l.
"In this Township, owing to a bend in the river, there were several disputed claims, ^yhic!^
" at tlie time could only be arranged by making a traversr; of tho improvements, which is i\o\yr
*• being done. If, at tlie time of survey, these claimants in said portion of Township 45 had
*'furnihhed ilie surveyors with the information necessary to adjust their claims, they cculd
"have been settled so soon as tliis Township was open for entry, viz., tJeptember, 1S81 ; but,
"since then, through transfers and settlement by others thereon, they hav^ become very com-
" plicated. It', at any time since then, theso lurties in said ]»ortion of j'owiiship 45, had
"united and furnishyd the Department, by means of survey, witli tho infornaatiou necessiiry,
** the whole mutter might have been arranged and entry grunted long since. Ikdow that
"])oini, the settlers had taken up their claims iu such a way that, with the information on the
"Township map, the river keeping across tho entire lands claimed in an rluiost due ei\sterly ■
"course, it was not deemed nccetsary to visit them ou tho ground to adjust tlic clainis;
*' these jwrties it was thought would be able to state, on application at the,ollico, what lauds
"were claimed by them. Many, although notified to jiiako their ajiplications for entry,
'* refused to do so, in some cases purposely leaving their houses when visited for that jiurpose,^
"ami acting in tliis manner altliough urged by thcirpriests and others to do as requested."

lb there not here an evident proof of culpable negligence, net of bad fnith, for which tho^
Government can in no degree bo helil lesponsible ? Th« result has proved that it the Gov-
ernmeiit wiMv slow in giving eti'ect to the claims of the half-breeds, there were excellent
n-asons. \

Tims the petitions addressed by the half-breeds to the Government from 1S72 to 1884,
bear altogether 854 signatures. These dilfeient petitions did not all come from the neighbour-
hood of iiatoche nor from tl^ie scene of the rebellion ; on tho contrary, those which were sent
from Qu'Appelle, from Cypress Hills, from tho lilackfoot Crossing and from Edmonton,
localities more than 5U0 miles from the Prince Albert District, had 61 i> names, leaving 241
names for the Districts of Batocho, Duck Lake, St. Laurent, St. Louis do Langevia and Prince
Albert.

Of" the- 211 petitioners, 99 had received many years before, land and scrip in Manitoba,
and eonsiijui'utly hud no claim, 40 took their letters patent before the Commission of 1885,
and the otiier lu2 have not l)een abl to prove their claim.

In presence of such a state of things, can it bo reasonably maintained, that the Govern-
ment would have bewn justified in grautiug the demands of the half-breeds without examina-
tion, and simply ou their ]>i'titiou 1

2. The half-b;eeds piolext against the system of surveying their lands, and demand that.
in future they shall be divided into river lots of two miles long by ten chains wide.

This qufs^tion i;.i,->ed most serious difficulties and a new survey wouhl have been very expen-
«ive; on the other hand, the settlers did not agree on this question, and the Government did
everything pos;iil)le to bring them to a practical understanding.

On the 19th November, 188;?, a certain number of the settlers protested to the Govern-
ment against the action of one, of .themselves, Michel Canny, who had made an entry for his
land as a square lot, whilst they wished tiieii-s to be laid out in river lots, and asf erted that
they had all come to an understanding not to make entries. This disposition of tho settlers
had tlie inevitable ellect of ulultiplying the ditticulties and hindering tho action of the Gov-
ernment agents.

Tiic liiird claim had no reason for being y.ut forward, as the state of things was exactly
that asked for, only the half-bieeds neglected to conform to the regxilaticns.

4. That t!ie lands upon v/hich they had long resided had been sold to others. This
•Utement is unfounded ; for no half-breed has ever been disturbed or dispossessed of his
property, although more than one subsequently installed himself ou Canadian Pacific liuilway

lauds, and wc oludlcvig'.- auyoue whuti'ver to cite the namp of a single half-breed settler wli©
has been illegitiiiiatelv dispossessed of a single acre of land.

5. 'i'he timber dnes iire onernm. Let us see what is in this statement. Read what the
report of Mr. I'eaiee, the Mi[H'rliilen(ieiit saj^s;

"The amount collected us timber dues, from all the settlers embraced in these three list*
"since the establishment of a Crown Timber Oflice, amounts to $30.25, which, divided by 253
" the number of claimants, amoinits to o I cents each for two yeart:, or at the rate of 1 5.] cents
" eacli year for each settler. Of that amount .$.''5. 2.1 was paid by ibiir settlers for timber dues
«• for erection of stores and shops leaving $25 wliich lias been paid by the remaining 25i
"settlers as oilico fees on liomestead permits, known a,s free permits — 10 cents for each settler
" for two years, or at the rate of 5 cents per fiuttler ]ier annum."

C. The cutting of hay. Tho same report shows what this claim is wortli.

"As you arc aware tlio object of hay permits was to ])roteet the small settler ajjninst the
" large stockman or speculator, and it has always been optional witli settlers wletln'r ihey
" took out ])ermits or not. If th'\y chose they could conlinuo the practice of th'- p,ist by
" cutting hay anywhere. This has been expUiucd to these people. Thviy have never been asked
" to take out any permits or pay any dues, tho hay being plenty and no largo stockmen or
"specdators to interfere witli them. Tho iiay for the town of i'riueo Albert, or any large
" stockmen iu that district, has been obtained elsewhere than in the neighbomhood of these
" settlers.

This is what is left of these famous grievances .about which so much uoisc has been made.

FACTS AND DATES.

The delegates, Gal>riel Dumont, J. Isbester, Moise Oijllette and M. Pumas, arrived afc
the Mission of St. Teter (Heleua^, Jlontana, on the 2nd of June, 1884. The said delegnte*
invite lliel to come to the Saskatehcwnn on the 3rd of June, 1884. Kiel accepts the invitatiom
by letter dated the 5th of the same mouth, resigns his employment on the 0th, and depart*
with his family on the 10th June, 18S4. They arrive at Friiico Albert about the 1st of July
following, llo holds several pacific meetings. The 7th Jxily, 18S4, tho Kev. Father Andj«
writes to Prince Albert, to Lieutenant-Governor Pewdney, that Itiel is acting peacefully, ami
that he doesiiot seem dangerous, if the authorities do not molest him. On the 2)st of tluf
samemc^i, writing to tho same ofTicial personage, the itev. Father Andre recommends hiiu not
todisui-iTliie], in spite of what some people niight request. lUel is still peaceable. Tlic Freuck
and English half-breeds hold meetings, ou dilfereut dates, at which Fael speaks with calm-
ness, politeness and persuasive eloquence. The half-breeds open a list of subscriptions for tli«
sup])ort of Kiel in August, 18S-i. On the 12th December, 1834, Biel speaks of his claim of
§100,000 to the J.'ev. Father Andre. On the 23rd of the same month he promises to leave the
country if the Goven.uicnt gives him $35,000. On the 27th February, 1885, he speaks of hi*
claim of.<f 55,000 to Charles Nolin . On the £4th Febiuary, 1885, llielholds a meeting, in the
cou<v.e of which ho speaks of his return to the United States. Some hall-breeds, engiigcd fcr
ths ]Mirposo on his request, ciy: No! No I On the 27th of tho same n ontu lie .'ipraics te
Clunlej Nolin of his claim of $o5,000. Towards the end of February ho accuses the Li-shope
Taehc and Gran lin of being rogues and thif ves (testimoi.>y of George Ness, J. V., at the t'lul of
Kill). On the 28th February Charles Nolin receives fronr McDonald a t(d-gram auiiounciug
that the Government is going to give elFect to the requests of tho lialf-breeds. He com-
municates tills telegram toliiel the following Sunday. On the 4th of March a telegram from
the Government announces that the scrips are granted. On the 4th !March Uiel has a meeting
nt Halcro, where the half-breeds present themselves in arms. lie has a dispute with liev.
Father Andre. On the 5th March liiel explains to Noliu his plan of insmrectioii. Noliu
rejects the plan and proposes to have a nine days retreat at St. Joseph and then to act accord-
ing to their conscicnee. This proposition is accepted l^y the half-breeds in fepitc of Kiel, wh»
tries to hinder the half-breeds from going. On the 17th i\Iarcli Kiel visits the hall-breeds and
invites them to come in arms to Batoclie, to assistat the baptism of his Secretary Jackson, on the
19th March, St. Joseph's Day. On tho 18th the half-breeds take up arms and meet at
Latoche. Ou the 18th Eiel circulates the repoit thai the police are coming to take them. Rt
profanes the church at Batoche, ejects from it the llev. Father Moulin, appoints his council
and commences to make prisoners, the same day. Ou the same day he arrests Boyer and
Nolin in the church, while they are assisting at mass. Ho proclaimcs himself a prophet,
presides at the pillage of the shops of Walters, Baker and Ken'. lie declares that the time has
come when he must govern the country or perish iu the attempt. — (Testimony of Dr.
AVillougiiby).

0.1 tho lOili .Mircli t!i'! clmirh wi rmto-^lic servos its a bariaoks, rpstriurant, rmin.'il
ehaiiilxT. lie (loiitinurs lo tiiak'i |iiiHOin>rs. ComltMuiis nnycr luul Nolin to he elint bcvimM'
tlK'V will lilt Jiii" h\m. Oil thd -lilh M,iir!> llu'l (^iUHcs liiiiiscir to be proijlaiiniMi proplut
by his couucii. l)n llie 21st Abirrli he vicNiand.') iVrnu Major ('rozier the surn'U'bjr of Fort
Carleton. On the 'i-inl, 'JOnl iiml ^Hh Jvlinch he miikcs luisoiicrs to be used ns hostnges.
On the 25th Miucli is tho battle of Duck L.'ike, On the 2nil- April, ISSf), In liansinsti.i^iited
l>y lliel, uiiissacre tho llevereiiil Fivtliers M.iri'liandand Fafanl iiiidol'hcr whites at Fiog L'lke.
The operations of tho rebellion continue. Tlio (.'anudian Governuieat ]iut the nnny ir.i ii
war footing to Hujiidement tho North- West jioliee. On tlio (ith April (Jeneral Middjeton
marehos on 15;itoelie, the stronghold of the rebels. Oa tho 2nd May is the battle of Cut
Knife Hill. Oa tho !Hli May coniineneo tho military opentions before iJatoelie. On the
J2th May the fortilieations of Batoeho are taken by assault, tlie prisoners set free, the rebels
»ud iviel in flight. Oil the If'th May Jtiel, carrying a saddle and bridle and looking for a
Lorse, is captured by scouts Armstrong and liourie and brought to General Middleton's
caiup. From there transferred to Uegiua under the conduct of Cupt. Holmes Vouug.

THE REAL MOTIVE OF RIEL.

ofth

When his defendauL* of to-diiy (the Honorable Mr. Blake at their head) promised a rew;i;d
«>J jr),i;0.) to whoever would arrest him, Louis biel escaped the danger, thanks to th-- iiccuniary
«jC(^our of Sir John A. .Macdonald. He ].romised atthattime toexile himself and not to come
lack to tiiis co\U)try. Far from keeping his word the half-breed chief hid himself for a long
liuic in dill'-nnl, localities at tlie houses of many friends iu the Province of Quebec. It even
«.i ui:j i)i'oved that his detention at the asylums of Beauport and Longue Fointe were more or less
jmtence, and tiiat he enjoyed a certain liberty of action. One might say that these a.sylums
•trved him lis shelter when, in the eour.se of liis peregrinations to gain friends in our I'ro-
rhic,, he thought himself too clo.sely ]iressed and on the point of being discovered by the
Wuod hounds ]iutca the scent by Mr. Blake's $5,000.

In sjdte of his promises lUei never abandoned hi« plans respecting the North- West, he
iJiminaled on them continually, wove intrigues, and with this end in view ke])t up his rela-
tions with tho North- West. "WmLE stili in the States," writes Father Andre, "Kiel had

TOlt A LONG TIME BEEN tiTUlRlNO VP AMONG THE SASKATCHEWAN llALF-Ii|E2DS THE
IXClrEMENT WHICH LED TO HIS HECALL TO THE COUNTRY. "

Af:ei' many trips across the province of Quebec and the United States the agitator estab-
Siihcd him elf at Heh'iia, in Montana, where he enters, in the character of teacher, an
♦vlueutional establishment — directed by tho Reverend Fathers, the Jesuits.

In 1!SS3, as has been ]irovcd in the course of the trial of I'ierro Parenteau, we see him
rtturning to Manitoba, and there holding secret cabals with Nault and Dumout. In the course
*iUas ciius^iiracy it is agreed between the three conspirators that Nault and Dumont would
{©through the couutr}', and stir up the people to send to fetch him (lliel). A subscription
'Lht was jircpared in haste, three meetings were held and before the public of the country
luew that ho was being sent for, he had arrived.

•' AhllEADY FOIl FOUR YEARS," Writcs Frcrc Piquet, — "HE PKEMEDITATED THE TROUBLES
*ai."« HAVE JUST TAKEN I'LACE, AND TRACED THE PLAN OF THEM IN A lETTER WRi fTES EV
aiS OWN HAND WITH BUFFALO LLOOD."

The deicgates, among whom were comprised those who played the part of supernimieraries
in this sinister comedy, arrived at Helena to render account to the half-breed chief of their
pretended mission, lie, an accomplished comedian, requests two days for reflection. After
ihis delay he lualcs them tho following reply : —

" it is ^Jhorte!tt to bo frank. I suppose tliat the counsel which I should give you on .this
foreign soil concerning the alfairs of the Canadian Territory can cross the frontier, and exercise
(K.jic! inlluence. But there is another question. According to the 31st Article of the Treaty
of iianitobn, the Canadian Govevumeut owes me 240 acres of land. It owes me also live lots,
which are rendered valuable by hay, wood and the vicinity of the river. These lots belonged
to me by virtue of the different ]>aragra])hs of the same 31st article of the treaty of which 1
have just spoken. It is the Canadian Government which, directly or indirectly, liris deprived
juc ot these ])ropcrtics. Besides, if only the Government examined the thing for a moment,
it would easily see that it owes me something more. These claims which I have against it
liave still their ju.stice, iu spite of i..y having become an .\merican citizen. In your interest,
as well as for my own, 1 accept your kind invitation ; 1 will go and sjiend some time among you.
Perhaps in presenting petitions lo tho Government, w^e sliall liave a ciiance to obtain so i;e-
thing. But my intention is to return early in the autumn," (Signed.) LO J IS KIEL.

long

ran wf not SCO iiLcady in tliis Vllw VAA'a r-'fil );1aii ? To pain a rccncjni. Ion of IiIh claim
against, llio Ciovcninvnit, IIi; wiw not ignoiaut, liowevcr, tlmt liin claim ha'l no longer any
?V>u'-(latii)n, not only liccansc lie had tikfu tlsc cliaraclur of an Ainoricau citizen, but also Iw..
c'usf! lin liiid been comlenined lor oontuinacy iu tlin tiiul for tlie execution of Scott.

"But," some ^viUsay to us, "you do not sro then, that this man i;t animated by peaceful
sentiments, and that he spcnks of returning to his home in the autumii ?"

<-Vitainly I 15ut let us not forget that amrng the delegates (Jabiicl Dumont only knew
of the comedy Ik ing played, and that there wna great risk of this hitler being sjioiled in the
first ..cei:e if Kiel committctl the stupidity of exposing his batteiies. Here, as in tiio hitter
course cf cventn, wo sec liinMr.criting well the jnaise of his nccomplico G. l.Himont. "11©
is mo!C cunning tiian all the; othcis ].ut together."

liiel did not cause his own leeall, some peoj'le jTotcst. Thisisonly the suppcsition of ill-
natured jieople. Have tlio goodness to cxjdain to us then how it was that this oiiiniou wag
gencndly accredited among the half-breeds as is stated by tho superintendent, Wm. reurce,
iu his report dated 24th Dciember, 1885 ? Explain to ns how it was that several weoka be-
fore he recei\'((l th(( dt'iiutaliou of half-breeds liiel was able to announce his coming departure
to ahalf-brced of jMonttnia, and j)V<miso liini tiie ])aymentof a dcbtof §2iio on bisreluin from
liie Korth-Wcst, as the fict has liein proved ? These facts are proof enough, it seems to us, to
make it unnecessary for us to seek others.

lliel arrived at the Saskatchewan about tlic 1st of July. He begins at onco liis work of
proselytising with calmness and moderation, for ho knoivs that opinions arc divided as regards
l.im, and tliat he has need to act pindent y.

On tho 12th of December he speaks for the first time to Eevd. Father Andre of his claim
against the Cjovcriiineni, and he does so in .such terms tlnit there can b! no doubt that he
has no symjiaihy for the cause of tho half-ljrceds, and that .he wishes simply to rai^se money
for hinvilf perf;onnl!y. On the 23id of the sanic month he again insists on the ]ioint. H©
.says to the licv. Father Audio, wiio draws his attention to the fact that his claim for $lU(),O0Oui
exorbitant, " W'al a liilir and I vi/i like ^So.OOO ca.sh doicn," and at this price he was ready
to leave the country ; adding, '^ ]f 1 am ^nlisjied so will the half -breeds he."

Do not these v ords lay bare the motive of the rcbrd, and at the same time give the key to
the enigma ? If Kiel could ufiirm thus tliat tho half-breeds would be satisfied if he was, doct
it need a very great cll'ort of tlio imagination to jind in these words tho proof that he had
himself raised tiiis comedj'- of delegation and agitation? He knew that ho was the soul, the
pivot of that fermentation, and tliat if ho were once away the country would be calm again.

"Tub ouject of Kiel,' says again Father Andr6, "was to ter-sonify the cause of

IHE HALF-BKEEDS, TO SELL IT AND TO UE HIMSELF BOUGHT liY THE GOVERNMENT."

On the 27th of Febiuary Kiel wcnit to Kolin, accompanied by Gabriel Dumont, who
[iresscd him to retire in favor of Kiel a tender which he (Nolin) had introduced for the enter-
prise cf a te]egia]d ic lino between Fdmonton and Duck Lake, ^'in orrfer,"said he, *Ho frighten
lite (Joverniiient, because it had vol nspniidtd to liis request for indemnity o/' §35, 000.

Dut when the news arrived Irom ()ttawa that the Government granted the scrijis to the
half-breeds, Mithnnt making mention of Kiel's claims, the latter became angry, and decided
to precijutate events.

Yv'e shall see by what follows with what cunning, with what a diabolic spirit he executed
hi" plan, and how, in his infernal combination he ditl not falsify the appreciation of hia
lieutenant. "He is more cunning than all the rest put together."

A DIPLOMATIST AT WORK.

"We liave seen in contemporary history statesmen greatly eulogized for the clevernesa witk
which they knew how to conduct a political intrigue, and draw from events apparently the
least propitious, the most incredible advantages. But wc do not hesitate to say that Kid
required no lessons from these great diplomatists.

It is perhaps monotonous to kcc]) repeating the saying of Gabriel Dumont, hut the more
one examines the actions of the l;alf-breed agitator, the more one is convinced that the lieu-
tenant had correctly judged the chief.

Before leaving" Montana — to v.hich place, let it he said in passing, he had condemned
himself by the troubles he had ]ircvoked — Kiel went to the missionary priest, and he and his
family received the blessing. Arriving in the Korlh-West, tliu first thing he does is to throw
himself at the piiest's feet, and implore his benediction, and, as Father Andro says, iu hig
deposition before the court, ^* lie was a J'crvcnt Catliolic, Jrequenlinj the church and fuljllUng
often his reUgious duties." Testimonies abound of his religious inclinations. However, th«J

Uev. Fiillipr Amlio ilcrlaros, tlmt "<''' erilicife I evtrythin;/. lie ivanted chwfjKS in ihf mass,
the lilur;pj, the cercmoiiinhy and siindioh, which was sufiicient to uiuUe oiio suspcft tlint liis

Iiioty WHS more cxtonml Uidii real." However it wuh, Uiol coiitiinicd to oilify tin; half-breeds
ly cxcesHivo outwanl devd'ioii, for \\c knew that tiien.! was ini arJent faith amoii^j; this siin|ilo
and honest ])(i]iiilatioii. 'lie km-w that liis race was niiuh (liH])Osc;I to Ijclicvo in t!ie iiiiracii-
louH, the .sujiernatiiral, ami it was for this reason tluit he took the character of a nn/ilicul man.
In fact, from the niioiiicnt that l!icl tutered tlio North-West the ix'tilioning of the
Jialf-lireeda stopjied. Tliis would bo ft very strange circumstance if wo did not liiid tho
exiilanation of it in a Itittcr from t lie hand oflliel, nddiessed ** To nur brulhnu Ihc Frencli
und Kiijllxk liiilf-breeda oj J.iiki! Qu'A/'jK'l.'e ami il.t entironn." In this epi-lle l!ii I wri'es to
liis " very dear relations and friends' : "Dn;/ a'l the ammunition you can. Jl necfusary yo
and procure some from across tlis line. Be ready. Di not listen to Ike oJJ'urs which the
Government at Oliawa vnll make to you. These offers are the offers of thievs. Do not
IfGTJ v.rriiF.n rAl'Er.s ou pktitio.vs. Trust in tlie good God" (Kiel's trial.) Tliis letter is
eouilrmed by the testimonies of Willou.sjhby, Tliomas Jackson, etc., to whom he held similar
knguiige. This was tho way in wliiek this educated man, this guide of the people wished
to ujake a constitutional agitation.

lUit one day, at a meetins^ where Kiel was making oratorical efTorts, Mgr. Grandiu
permitt<,'d himself to say : " Tliat is not perhaps the true tuny to arrive at it." From that
niomen*' tho half.breed chief commenced his warfare against the clergy, lie accused the
bishops of being rascals and rogues. (Evidence of George Ness ) lie says that " the spirit of
God ,s n-i;k him," and when ihe l!ev. Father Moulin tells him that he is making a schism in
the chureli, he affirms that " Iiome is J alien," (Same evidence.) The priests abandon his
eause, brciu.se they see the danger, and comprehend to what an abyss his conduct is leading
the countiy. Tiicn ho calls himself a prophet, •' lie jiretends to la a descendant of St. l.ouis"
an<l makes the people believe tliat " he was cleirly designated in, the prophecies of St. Ilridyet
morj t/ian tao hundrvd years ayo, as the man who teas to save the universe." (Trial of Pareu-
teau.)

T!;ese affmnritions, coming from a man who has always been a model of devotion, make a
jrofound impression on these simple and littlo cuhivated peo])le, who have a thirst for the
•uptrnatnnil, and the object of tlie rebel is attained. The half-breeds leave their priests to
follow the new Mahomet, who will lead them fiom abyss to abyss to the most frightf il
min.

I'dit we sliould lie in gross error if we imagined that this was the only care of Kiel.
"NVhile he L'ads those poor liaU'-bieeds to their ruin, with tho object of forcing the hand of the
C'anauian (iovcrnnunt, and oljtaining iVom it the adjustment of his claim, for $:!5,000, he
ilocs not lose liis beat ings, and does not forget to take i>vecautions for concealing his rcsjion-
kibility. On tlie l'2t!i May he says to Astley : " 7 have three c,'iance.i, or means of escape ;
Jim l.y ] olilictans ; secondly, by mca.M of the council paper-'', yon must know that J k-ics
tr.auyed all the pnp':rs in nuch manner as t) show that the council lias done all; I shall not
lermit niy^ilj to be mixed vp ici h lite movement. My third means is in mil character of chiff oj
the ntv: ;i liyion." (Trial of Arcand and others.) lie endeavours besides to make himself
»fcleonje to the I'ngiish halt-breeds, whom he greatly de.sires to draw into the movement, and
to this end ];e has recourse to religious fanaticism. He saj's to them that "Ae lias quite sepa-
rated hnmu'lffrom the Church of Home, and loill have nothing more to do with the J 'ope, and
that tli'j! shall pni/ no more taxes to Home. That // they rem tin al'ached to Rome they cannot
vniie iriih the Cann.dians and the ichites who would go there to live, because their government
would have to crpcl all liie J'roltst'intsfro?n the country if it wished to remain on a good under-
Mand'vg w>th Rome." (Trial of Eicl. Testimony of Thomas Sanderson.)

When he writes to the Indians' ho promises them the suppoit of the Uni'ed States, as
appears liom a letter which I'oundmaker and four other chiefs write to lliel. "7'eW me when
ihe Americans will be at the Canadian Pacific Railway." (Trial of I'oundmaker.) And to
Holiii he says also : "Lefore the grass has grown to this height in this countn/ you will see
jweign arn.ies here.''' (Testimony of Nolin at the trial of Itiel.) He holds this language to
Beveral others, Avith the object of creating intimidation. Then he makes them believe that
"they would bs viaJe to suffer unspeakable atrocities if they ivcre made priwners by fhe police
OTihe an/iy." (Trial of I'arenteau and 25 others.) Ho threatens tho Indians ou another
occasion, and affirms that 'Hfthey do not join him and accept the conditions of the half-breeds,
the Americans will take everything from them, and that the Indians wtll not have the size of tuat,"
cracking his fingers. (Trial of i'oundmaker. Testimony of Robert Jetlersou.)

Uut it is not oi:ly diplomacy and menaces that the half-breed chief employs ; "ho takes
y the cattle of the Indians in order to take from them their only means of existence," and

in Ih)! mass,

ct tlint liis

liiiir-ltrecili

r this siinjilo

l!ic iniracu-

jlHicdt man.

mi 11,1^ of the

lot ii!nl tin;

a thii Frejic/i

{if I wii'es to

iiecffniorij f/n

rs U'liich the

)i'X. \)<) Nl)['

This letter is
held similar
icople wished

Igr. CaaiKlin
" From that
e accused the
the spirit of
ig a scliism in
s abandon his
luct is leading
t of St. l.oiiis,"
I of St. Hridrjet
Trial of Pareii-

votion, make a
a thirst for the
their ^iriests to
most friglitf d

ly care of Hid.
the hand of the
for $;!r),000, ho
.ling his rcspon-
ntiumi oj cx''ii)ie ;
ow that J h'lve

all; I shall not
.meter of chirf or
o make himself

uiovemcnt, and
e has quite septi-
h the I'opc, and
lonv! then cannot
their ijocernm^nt
on a i/oo.l under-

ni'ed States, as
"Tell me when
iiaker.) And to
itru you tvill see
this language to
hem believe that
lers by the police
ilians ou another
■)f the half-breeds,
the size of that,"

ploys ; "ho takes

if existence, " and

fuT t'liin tliu.-^ to thmw tliennclves on him. (Trial of Monnet I'lano.) He HC'.id'* "Monk-
man wall twenty armed men to free the English iLilf-brecds loj.iin him." (Tiid of Scott.)
Proofs are superabundant of his great astuteness, iacriMlible foresigiit, and his indoniitabU
uudacily, and in tlie (^hoi^n of the, moment lor his relxdlion he has given jiroof of keen fore.
aight. He knew ihat in the npriiig, when the roads a.e baturat'd witli melting snow, it is
diUicnlt and almost impossible for armies to march ; on the otlier iiaiiil, he knew that to poiit*
]ione tlu) enterprise was to condemn it to failure, the oom])'etion of the (Janada I'licilio liaU-
way neeegsarily implying great facilities for tlu) transport of the Government trooiw.

llitd played his part in a superior manner, and it must b oncluded that instead of being
the vietim of hallucinations he was, on llie contrary, an astnu: man of superior intelligence.
l'roviden(!C has not willed that his pe.rvcrso designs should be crowned with success, for wluoh
we should return fervent thanksgivings.

THE APPEAL TO THE INDIAIJS.

It is established by the evidence given at the trial of Kiel, that the Indians did
take ]iart in the engagement at Duck Lake.

McKay said : " 'Jthere were two waggons with two Indians in each, and an I idian oa
" horse-back. It was the Indian who had siiokcn to Major CJroziur. He was killed when th»
*' firing commenced."

Astlej' gives evidence ; " Towards noon or a little later a certain number of Metis and
*' some Indians arrived from liatoehe in comiuand of lliel."

" There were then at Duck Lake about ]M Indians."

Harold Ross, Deputy SherilF, asserts: " That there were from 75 to 100 Indians among
" the rebels, whom he saw at Duck Lake, running in the direction of Carleton a few instants
*' before the firing."

I'eter Tompkins questioned : " Among the 300 men liow many, think you, we»
Indians ?"

Reply: "About 150."

This appears to ns sufficient to prove tliat the Indiana did take part in the skirmish at
Duck Lake. It remains to prove that these Indians came there at the call of Kiel and not of
their own accord.

In the course of the trial of Poundmakcr, Robert JefTersou declared that there came to Cut
Knife a Metis and an Indian, bearers of a letter from Riel to Poundmakcr, in which th«
*'exovide " begged Ponndmaker to lend him his armed assistance.

John W. Astley gives evidence : " In speaking to me of the Indians, Riel told me one*
" tl.a; the reasons why he had nuide an appeal to the Indians was because certain persons had
** jiot kept faith w'ith him."

(Trial of One-Arrow).

This acknowledgement made to Astley would suffice in case of need, if we had not other
proofs written l>y the hand of Riel himself.

Here are some of these written proofs : —

Case for the Crown (J'xhibit No. 8), Ritd writes: "Dear relations and friends we advise
you to jmy attention, hold yourselves ready for ecerythiny. 'Jake the Indians with you, collect
them from all sides. Take all the ammunition thitt you can Jrom any storehouses
whaterer. Murmur, (/roivl, threaten, stir up the Indians ; before all make the police at Fort Pitt
and Battlejord homeless." *

Case for the Crown No. G, addressed to the 'Metis and the Indians of Battleford and
surroundings : Rise, face the enemy, and, if you are able to do so, take Battleford, destroy it,

&.C.

No. iO, dated St. Antoine, 23rd March, 1S85, and addressed to our brothers the English
and French Metis of Lake (^u'Appelle, and surroundings. Riel closes : " Afterwards warn iht
Indians of (lie ivoods againul aUowiny thcnis-dres to he surprised."

No. 11. " T It our relations, the InJiuny, to hold thyinselces ready to come to aid us"

No. 13. " Warn the Indians of the woods that they might be surprised. J.et them be ready for
all events, and with calmness andeouraye, let them Inks possession of all powder, bullets, balls and
cartridges from the storehouses of ih^: Uuhon Bay Company at Nut Lake and at Fish Lake."

No. 28. To tlie Metis and to Tin-; Indians of Pattloford and surroundings, letter dated
from St. Antoine 9th AprM, 1885 : " Rise, face the police, t/that is possible for you, and if tht
thing is not already done take. Battleford, destroy it, save all tlie goods and provisions and confcj
to join us."

Finally, here is a letter signed by Poundmakur and four other Indian Chiefs which provea

Vy(.nil ill! (I'liilil, V.\.d iiol only d'.il I.'irl I'lig.igp the .N[i'ti-i to ^ti|■ iiii tli

null' pruiuiscH to Uu'iJi, given

Iiicluiiia, Imt tlmt he
hiuisclf, previously, li.nl ir.oinjiteil tliotn to revolt, tliut he liul imi
orders ; in ii word, that lio ha>luoii8tuutcomuiuiiit.-utioii with tiicui.

•H'ur IvNiiK, llfix, 23th Ai»ri], 1335.
•• To Mil. L'HiiH Kiel, — I would hko to liiivo Bomo news of tlin jiroi^roKH .if tlio work oT
•• God. ricasu lot mi) know if any cvonl luv|ipucd siuco your ui'ssiiiif^'T di'pirti'd. Tr/l m«
«• when t/i; Ainsricniii will lie on thu I'acijic liutlw-vi. Givu lu;) all llio newsyou liavu ifccivotl
" from all tli<' jilu'i-i wlioro your work goes on. Jhj Ikar h<in jUmhii.l k it Ui'tk. \ly \\i\,n
•• Inki'U Fort I'itt. Jiu haa caused to bo Haid to me, * If j/'iu Ikivj veai of ir.c .'<•£ n<s
•« know it immHlialdn,' uud I immcdiatrly Hout for him. 1 shall bo founlay.s on my journoy.
♦• Those who have if i't to f^o and Hco him will sleep twieo on tho road. They havt! made -J
"prisoner, iimon;^ them tho jjovernor of I'ort i'ilt. They have kilted 11 men, ivnoiig thcii>
" tlio Ai.r.NT, 1 I'uiK.sT undo WiirrKMEN. "\Vo are caujpiug near thu creek, ini'ii ; liaiely
•• below Cut kuH'o Hill where wo wait for Big Hear. Tho blaekfeet ha/o killed (j<) uiM ff
" tho ])oliei) at tho Elbow. It's a Metis interpreter for tho police wlin, hiwinf? survived
" although wounded, has l)rou£r!it us this iiewa, llt^re wn h;ivo killed hvk wliitemeii ; we h.avo
" not yet taken the lurraeks, but that is tho only building whieh n.mains intact in IJalilo-
" ford. We have tiikeu all the horses and all ilio (^'^ltle in the ui'ighborhnod. We linve lost
"one man, n Nez-1'erce, wlio, finding himseif alone, has been killed, and wo have hnd one
" wounded. Some faoldiers havo come from Swift Current but I do not know how many.
" Wo hiivo here gnus and ritles of all kinds, but we nre in want of ammunition. JJ il iveiejio-.'
*' title ivc bcij ofyoH to send us some ammunition o/differciil kimh. Wo are weak only in that.
" You have causcil us to bi! informed that you would come t) IJattleford when you hive com-
" pU-tcd your operations at Duck Lake. We itro waiting for you yet, seeing tint it is iinpos-
" sible for us to take this fort without aid. If you send us news o:ily snid one messenger.
" Wc are anxious to rejoin you, it would encourage us mueli to seo yoi and would make U9
*• work with (v better heart. Up to tho present everything has been well with us, but wo
*• cxp<'ct always that the soldiers are about to come and i)ay us a vi.sit hcve. We hojic God
•• will also be good to us ii' the future as ho hai been iu the past. Wo the un loi'sigut'il .send
*' our greetings to all,

" rOUNDMAKEP,
"CO-riN-OlJ-WAY-.SlN',
"MUS-SIN-AS.^?,
"MEC-LAY-WAY-It!,
'*rEE-YAY-CiLEEW.
" As soon as this letter reaches you scuvl us immediately some news, seeing tliat wo aro
*' iu a hurry to get some.

•' If yon send us news scud as many men as possible."

Now, gentlemen, you wlio admire lUel, think you still that tho Government lias been
doing wrong iu giving to the "exonide^' a just trial iulicu of causing hin\ to bo shot after sum-
mar/ convictum, following the ]iractioo and customs of tho neigiiboring repulilic. We have
promised you proof; you must find that they suparabouud, and yet nothing would be easier
than to giv(!out yet several columns more of them.

Ko one knew b(!tter than lUel tho ferocious in.stincts of tho Indians and the liorriblo
dangers resulting from their alliance. In 1SG;>, Ileal wrote in a manifesto ; *' In spite of our
" dillicultxes we iiave never called to our assistance the duugorous element of the Indians."

THE REBELLION. •

l^iel having learned b\' the ttilegram aldrcsse I to Nolin by McDonald, (trial oi' lUel,
evidence < f No'in,) thit the Government hid decreed to do justice to the claimsof the Jletis,
aud seeing tliat his lihleelaim isuot receive I with tho favours duo to him, cries out : — •' The
English have icn slea'in;)J'or 400 yuars, it is about tun; to jml an end to it; that has lasted iony
tnough." (Eviilenee of Kolin at the trial of Uiel.)

His decision is made, it is necc-^sary to take up arms. He communicates some d:i ys later
his ])lan of an iusuricction to Noiin and demands his adhesion. jS'olin frightened at the
resolution of the Metis chief, refuses his co-operation and proposes having public prayers in
the Catholic Chapel for nine days, confessing and communicating aud then acting according to
their consciences. The Metis decide to havo the nine d.ays* devotion. It commences on the Sun-
day following, against the will of Kiel, who hinders the people from going there. (Trial of
Kiel, evidence of Nolin.)

The influence of Nolin is on the poiut of making the Metis escape from the action of the

)ui tliiit he
lu'iji, giveu

1835.

ihd wovlc of
I. Tril vm
vo ri'C'.'ivctl

11.1 lliU

ii\e Let r>«
iiy journfjy.
vii iiiailo -J

iiiun liivlely
GO mca cf
if^ survival
II ; wc l),T,vo
t in llaLilc-
iv have lost
ivo hnd one

low many.
'fit were /lO".-
■)uly ill t-luit.
II li;iv(.i corn-
it is impoa-

iic.iHongor.
lid luako 113
1 us, l)ut wo
liojK' God
Mi;?atHl send

Y-SIN,

;\v.

C lliat \vc aro

Jilt lias been
iOt after sum-
I. Wo have
uld bi3 easier

the horrible

ii spito of our
a Indians."

'trial of .Iiid,

iof tho Metis,

out : — " The

•as Lasted long

imc d:iys later
^btencd at the
ilio prayers in
g according to
ses on the Sun-
?re. (Trial of

e action of the

rebel, niid it is iiowBsciy togpi rid of llii> inmblo iotn« nut*, bo he oins'-s him to bo arrested wliilo
he is nxHi'-tiii'T af tnusa. (I'.viib'iu'o of Nolin, trial of I'co't.) O'-iicrM liiiii to h\\ bIioI, but tlm
couix'il hiiVTH lii'i liji'. (Trial of l!iel, rvidi'iice of Astlcv, liuss, jNuliii iiml ollieiH.

Tlh' niLcnal fdi llio iiiHiini'ction is niven, tlie (luehtioii is only lorciiuito lliu loirea. " TA*
] 7'A M'lich /»■: lieliik':s himself to the ttltlcment irom uhoce or I mm I he foul/i, to the Koulfi n/ Ihitochv.
liabrkl / umniil b-lak'-i hinnclf to tha north of liitloche. 'then ''"^^ upon all tha iiopulu/ion to-
{ •*milc themsehex at I'atuche in or.tei to po from ih'ra to the church of St. Laurent ^> nsntst at
»'V> baplixm. {iifjurhsoii ) Thei/ musl bring along their gnnn to fire a volley. Thug must m the
meantime i top at l.latoche till all were aasmebled there. Theg assemble at Ilaloehe. JI'i circula:e»
then a vi'poit that 600 vm o> the police are advancing agutnal them. Theg had nuch e.njidenea
in their chief and in all things they said and explained to them that th y believed these Ttj>orts."
(Trial Parent fan.)

Tlie aim of the agitator Is attained. Tho Metis aro aascirijled iu arms, they think
thenisi'lves tlireatened, tli'jir spirits are (dat'l, the revolt has comiD'inced, now is the uioinent
Ito Htrikj tlio grand blow. He proclaims }n udf a prophet. Jle is ahout to take pofss^iono^
'he church at Jialocho. The lieu. I'rie.st Moulin, who is curate of that parish, wiihesjo Kpeait
<-) the crowd that invales t'e church bg order of Jiiel, but tha Metis chie'^opposfs himneli' to thin
in the following terms : " Caurv IIIM AWAY AND liiNl* IIIM." The worthy A'ccles'aatir pnteUs
and Riel cries out : " Look AT lUM, ilB is A I'lioiKsTAN r ; ' then he adds, go away ! •' oo
AWAY I" (Kvideiico of G. Ness, J. P., trial of Iviel.) Kiel installed iutho churcli, ■leouneil is
appointed after the Btrangest fashion. Let us still furtlier consult Uio evidence at the trial of
rarcntean ill order to edify ourselves. Hero iswhatwclind there: " O'll'viel JJun,ont cries
from th:; inid.st of the crowd: JJo you consent to such an Isuch mi one being ajipoinlcdcounci'lorf
The <'hurch serves besides ns a barracks, whcro one rats, '^ '• ks, bleeps, bathes, ia a word tha
leui]>le of (lod is ])rofaned in an abominable manner.

13nt ill order to carry out tho rebellion, arms and ammi ition are iieccsiarv. Kid pro-
cures tlics) for liimself by delivering up to ])illif,'e the st )iis "f AValters and Baker, and of
Keir, and ho snys to Waltcis : '*Give up your arini a ammi. 'Uion pcf Ug, and it •(, . "i/r-
ceed iu the movement, ws will pay you^ ij wc tail, th.^ 1 .rul tJovernrt" . . ivtll pay for ih-m, you
will b<j ' iti , ■duicithi.r n-ag." Keally tlmt ii a . plcmlid p'.* e oi bold cunning, and proves
that tho iduiis chief had not yet losi, his liead, although h^ wn; already then a prcpliet, which
•■'institutes in tho eyes ^f his admirers, the ])rineipd poii. of \is mauinss.

As atgood insurgent, and lo imitate the commnnnids < ' I'uiis, the Kxovide, k.; tliat is the
title ho takes, causes jirisoners to be made, wiio will bcrve as' 4(iges. 'i'lw, ]8lii M ik li and
the following tlays, till the iitith.Tae date of the cnga<^.'ment iit J)uuk LtI-'', Kiel causes Astley
to be arrested and Lash, Tompkins, Simpson, McKe u and Woodcock, idl per ■"■ ' lo citizens
who had given no motive for treating them thus, ami Astley di (dares, . hat tho chii'f n lel was
tlisp^sed to exchange thcin/or Col. Hjiroul, ilm Hon. ],awrence Cinric,and the Volu ttecr M Kay,
iv/io would liave served as liodagcs (Trial Kiel.) Tho agent of the Judians, Mr. Lash, declnres
that the Kxo vide said to him : "/ sliail g>VJ to the polico every opportunity to surrender, but ij
theg do not do iliat, there will be blood spilled, and lie adds :" " Asj r gou, 1 shall n ol set y )u at .
liberty tinder (tnytprotesi, because you am employed bg tlie Government, an 1 1 shall detain ym at
a hostage." At another moment ho makes us3 of persuasion, and as res]iect3 Lash, of jji'iimises ;
he (jvarantces liim a jmsition in the service, \f he will j^luce Idinself at his tide. (Trial Ki(l.
Evidence of Lash.)

We now arrive at the period of the flist bloodshed. "Wo could -cite y( t more
evidence, all proving that Kiel Mas, from tha 13th March, at the head of a movement whicli
was insuiiectionaiy, jdiinly and undeniably; but it aiijiears to ua that these quotatu us are
Buifieient. "Wo will continue iho histoiy of the events on autheniio documents.

TTie 20th March, Thomas McKay, us he snid in his evidence, goes to Batoche, in order to
try to make tho Metis uniierstand to wUat they were exposing, liiemselves in entering into a
rebellion. Arrested liy Ki;d's men hatscapej 'tea /;,Mith wliichtlio "exovide'' thre.iti'iicd him,
thanks to tlie intervention of Cli.amjiagne. Kiel Hies into a passion against tiie YoluntciTs,
inveighes against lain and linishcsby teliinghim : " i'ou Iciiow not ivhat «v xvanl ! ICablo'hil
Blood! Blood is irfwt ve uaiU! Its a war of' extermination. All who are against n.f leill bi
chated/rom the countrg /" Let us not forget tliis date of 2(:th March. It ia C days before the
first •meeting between tho Metis and the police, that Kiel made use of this feroeious
language, it will be henceiuith very dililcu'v, to make people belifve what has I ecu preleuded,
that *;iel vv'as attacked by Major Ciozier. Lnt ttie events go to show eharly tliat
even if the iirst shot were fired from tho i-anks of tlie police, which fact do.-s not
appear jiroven, tho woilike intentions of the "ixoviue'* weie umh n -aHv.

llcie is the account given by ]\lacKay at the triid of tlie Metis chief, of the events at.

Duck Lake. " lie (Riel) mid /.hat ha would be happy to have my support, and that it wan not tott
late for vie to Join them, that tins was the last chance /or Crozier to avoid the rffusion of IdooJ,
and that unless ho surrendered Fort Carleton an attack Kould bs made by midnight.'' These
propositioiu are scarcely pacilic, and do not absolutely indicate a uiaa decided on waiting to
1)0 attacked, on liio contrary, ono already perceives there the fixed idea to atten3i)t a surprise.
Hut let us continue. " 'hcu MacKay re-enters Carleton in (oinpanywith Mitchell, the latter
/lands to Major Crozier, a letter in which Kiel requested him to meet halfway ^ men whom
liiel iircfeived to send, rathsr than to go there himself. Th(i interview takes rdaco al the
j)lae,e designated. MacKay and Capt lin Moore declare to Charles Noliii and Maxime Lepiue
following the orders of Major Crozier ; "that thvj must giue the names oj the chiefs oj the
movement, and that they tcoull have to give account to jus'ice, hut that a great number of those
who had been dragged by force into the movement would be treated with kindness." Noliu
declared that " liiei and his council required the surrender of Fort Carleton without condition ,
AMI THAT NOTliixa KLSK AVOVLD .SATISFY iiiM." The delegates of Crozier having replied,
that it was jierlectly useless to discuss such j)ropositiou3 as they could not be accepted,
Noliu answered that ke had a letter for Major Crozier, but that it was useless to deliver it to
him, S2'in} thU Fort Carleton would not be surrendered.

Let Ui noto by the way that Jlajor Crozier caused to be posted up by Astley a proclamation
in the sensi? of what he had caused to bo told Kiel by Capt. Moore and McKay, and that these
post"rs v.ero torn down by or.ler of Riel (trial of Kiel. Evidence of John W. Astley). This
fact, any more than the preceding ones, does not prove au expectant attitude on the part of
the exovide.

Here is the letter of which Noliu and Lepine were the bearers : —

Saint Antoine, 21st March, I8S5.
To Major Crozier, ComTuaHder of the Mounted Police at Carleton and ab r)attiei'ord :

Majou, — Tne Councillors of the Provisional Government of SaskatchcAvan, have the
honour to communicate t^'yoxx the following conditions of surrender: •* You must abandon
comj^letely the position wherein the Canadian Government has placed you at Carleton and
Battleford, aud at the same time all the yuoperties of the Government."

If you accept you aud your men will be free on your word of honour to keep the pence,
and those who may wish to leave the country will be provided with waggons aud provisions to
enable them to go to Qu'Appelle.

If you refuse we intend to attack you when to-morrow, the Lord's Bay, shall have passed,
and to commence, without delay, a war of extermination agiliust all those who have shown
themselves hostile to our rights.

Messrs. Charles Nolin aud Maxime Lepine, arc our representatives with whom you must
treat.

Major, we respect you. May the cause of humanity be to you a ccusolation in the
misfortunes which the bad administration of the Government will have caused you.

Louis "David" Kiel, Exovide ; lleuo Parenteau, J. B. Parenteai:, Pierre Henry, Charles
Nolin, Gab. Dumout, Albert Delorme, Moise Ouellette, Albert Moukman, Dam. Carri6re,
Maxime Lejjiue, lUe. Boyer, Bte. Boucher, Donald Itoss, David Tourouud Amb. .lobiu, and
P. Garnot, Secretary.

It woidd be difficult to find a more crushing proof of the guilty designs of the "Exovide."

. REVOLT, CONSEQUENCES AND PUNISHMENT.

No conimuiiitv or State can .sanction rebellion, and its^elf continue to exist. An 1 as
respects punishment for rebellion, it has been pointed out that the United States did not
inflict the punishment cf death, after crushing the rebellicn in the ."<outh. But in that case
let u.) not I'orgi't that the two armies, during four years, made reguhir wavftre with excliange
of prisoners and all other rights accorded to beligerents ; this was much le^s a revolt than a
war fur a juinc.ple.

At a date much more recent, did we not see, in France M. Thif rs cause to be summarily,
executed some thousands ol" rebels in defending the communes of Paris ? AVho in tlie civil-
ized world ever dreamtd of making that a icjiroach to him except the coninuinists themscives 1

Let us not forget that rebellion arms tiu' ciiizens of the country ono aiiainst the other,
that its consequences are thj ruin and de\astali( u of the country in which it breaks out, ami
that far from being useful to its authors, it overwludnis them with calamities. Under jiretext
of obtaining i-edress of grievances it precipitates the unfortunates who have recourse to it into
un abyss of miseries, even when it is crowned with success. Ivelations and friends kiUe.d or
disabled, propei'ties devastated, poverty, huuger, such is the hideous train^ which rebelUoo

lo be snnnnaiily,
Wlio in till) civil-
iiibtd Iheuiscivcs 1
[luaiiist tlio (jther,
,t'bit.'iik3 out, and
ri. Under ])Rtext
recourse to it iulo
d fiieuds killid or
I which rebellion

I it !/v;s not ton
'tisioii of bloody
Wjia:' These

on waiting to
njit rt surprise,
ihell, tho latter
y i men whom
3 rdiico nl tho
daxiuie Lcpine
e chiej's of the
UHinber of those
Incss." Noliu
lioiU conJilion ,

living reidied,
ot be accepted,
s to deliver it to

a pi-ockmation
, and that these
. Astk'y). This
e on the part of

arch, I8S5.
lord :

owan, have the
inuKt abandon
at Carle tou and

keep the pence,
and provisions to

liall have passed,
ivho have shown j

whom you must

usolation in the
. you.

i Henry, Charles
, Dam. Carri6re,
kxnh. .lobiu, and

f the "Exovido."

) exist. An I aa
1 States did not
Dut in that case
re with exchange
1 a revolt than a

drags b( hind it. And would we wish to leave unpunished the author of such horrors ? And
fihouid we iiave the gtiilty weakness to permit the first over-excited jierson counting upon
impunity, to re-jommence these baneful attempts? No ! the tears, the jiaiui?, the blood of the
victims cry for vngoance. Society demands protection. An example, terrible <is well as sad
to exe«ut", must be made. Ofttimos the death of the guilty one can uiilbrtuuately alone satisfy
those loo legitimate ap[)eals for justice, aud tho Goverumeut not only has the right, but the
painlul duty of responding to them.

'J"he North-West rebellion has given rise to the most dangerous pretensions upon tliis
subject Mhii^h occujty our minds.

This rebellion was, however, culpable in every point of view. It was disapproved of by the
bishops of that province. Mgr. Tacho has manifested a lively regret for it. Jlgr. Gravel
/igorously denounced aud condemned it. " Even," said he, '-when one thinks lie has ciitis;^ to
rouiplain, one has not by that authority to rebel, as has so unfortunately been done in the
Noith-Wcat, and that, in spite of Mgr. Crfandiu and all the missionaries of the country.
Thus to serve tho good cause of the Metis, poor Riel has had recourse to means which are
culjiable and condemned by the church."

That condemnation sums up and contains all the arguments which we would be able to

BATTLE OF DUCK LAKE.

V.'e have mm come to the first bloody episode of the rebellion, the narrative of which wo
borrow from th« evidence of McKay, at the trial of Eiel.

"Tl;e 26th March, Sergeant Stewart, accompanied by 21 men, of which 1") were police,
*' left Ca'.lcton at 4 o'clock in tho morning, with 7 or 8 sledges, to go aud look for provisions
" at Duclc Lake, in the storehouse of Mitchell. The column of fongers inarched in the fol-
" lowing order. Four men in tho vanguard, the witness aud volr.nteer McKay on horseback
" as ^couis a quarter of a mirJe in advance of the teams, finally t jc teams accompanied by the
" lost of the troop. Arrived at 3 or 4 miles from Duck Lake, the witness remarked upon tha
" snow ioari! footsteps, which he took for tracks of Indians and almost immediately he per-
" ceived on tho road lionxj men lying upon the snow aud making signals to each other. At
" about a mile and a half from the J,ake there is a ridge a little to the north of the Postal
"Staticu. Wiien they arrived there the witness perceived the four men cf the vanguard of the
" police on liorsebackjiursuedby some rebel horsemen. The volunteer McKay turned his liorse
'* and came buck full sp^ed upon ttie main body; arrived at a quarter cf a mile, from tiie place
" where he perceived the pursued soldiers, he reached a hill from which ho made a signal to
" the men of Sergeant S^ wart to prepare their rilles. He said to the troop that the police
" were being pursued, and to hold tlieir lifles ready, but not to fire. Whatever tluy may do,
" ho added, 1 shall be able to save 7n;/sel/, and if thrii tri.'-h to fire on m", they can take ik.: tint
" chaiic' and you vill le able to d'/en I yourselves.

"At this moment, the Metis were on the heels of the police and they were going to sur-
" roun.l them at the turning of the hill. The witness Mc:Kay then gallops in advance and
" the rebel horsemeu make a halt, all except one, Patrick Fhuy, from whom the scout demanded
" What !j re you doing there? Wha'. :rre you doing yourself. i was the answer. I am yomg to
" Mitch'ill's to gel piovisions, replied McKay. There is a good deal there, they say, then letting
" hiifi know that they came from Duck Lake, they warned him that Stewart's men would do
*' better to retui'ii. McKay returned near the sledges and at the moment when he was going
" to rejoin them a band of 30 to 40 men, excited, braivlishiiig their rifles, presented iheuiselves
" before iiiui. Gabriel Dumont, who led them, wa- more excited than the others, leaping
" from his horse he charged and cocked his rifle, threatening to blow out the brains of the
" M'itness aud called upon the ti'oops to surrender, McKay remained calm aud onlercd tlie
'• drivers not to slacken their horses ; he parleyed with l)umont while tho Jh;li.s tried to take
" possession of the sledges. Suddenly, one of tho drivers discliargtd liis rifle into the air, the
^" Metis ju'.ujted into the road and the i)olice saved themselves in tho direction of Carloton."

This ;s the first of the engagement at Duck Lake. It would bj childish to stop
to (temoiistr;f.te fliat the ^Metis were, in this case, the aggressors. They had not y.:t shed blood,
it id true, but they gave chase to the defenders of order and made threats with arms in hand.
After the proclamation nostcd up by order of Major Crozier, to which tho insui'gcnts replied
by a demand of sunender of Fort Carleton, the troops would have been, according to regula-
tions, in Ih) light to fire on the rebels, but let uaremark that they avoided couatitutingthem-
Belvcs the iii'g.essors.

" Sergeant Stewart dispatched a message tj Slajor Crozier and oa approaching Carleton
' ho perceived him coming from the place at the head of 99 men. Sergeant Stewart and his

mm*

" men turned back and accompanied Major Crozicr. Tho littla troop marched to about four
" miles from Puck Lake to the pkace whore tlie house c^f Barber was, and tlierc th« vanguard
** fell back and announced tluit the house w;is full of Indiana. After having' parleyed a
" moment the troops began the marcli again. Arriving at tlie ]dace from which in tho morning
" the vanguard of ^Stewart liad retreated, the vanguard of C'rozier was attacked and forced back.
" on the main body of tho troops, pursued Ijy a numerous b uid of rebels.

■' Jlajor Crozier gave orders to unliaruess the liorses, put tli'im l)ehind and make a bari-
" cade when tho insurgents did approach. Arrived at lialf a mile from the troops of Major
" Crozier the rebels waved a white counterpane like a ilag. Major Crozier advanced before
" them with the intei'prcter and began to pirley, wliile the rest of tho band of rebids effected
•' a movement to tarn tlio f oldiers. While tho police prepared tho waggons in their place,
'• one of them cried out that the Metis were firing on them. " Wait IIMtkey ivound \tx" McKay
" cried out. At the same moment Major Crozier, w)io had perceived that the firing had
'• commenced on the part of the enemy, gave orders to commence firing. Tiie engagement
" lasted thirty to forty minutes. The loss on the part of the defenders of order was tmi men,
" of whom nine were killed and one was wounded, who rejoined the troops in its retreat.

Let us add to this testimony the evidence given by Capt. Holmes Young on tlie same
trial. This is how this military man, who escorted Kiel from Batoclie to liegina, expressed
himself: —

'* Riel said that he was not foolish cnrugh to imagine that he was able to make war
"against Canada and Great Britain. But he hoped that liis first successes, would force the
" Canadian rrovernment to study the situation or to accede to his demands. This is what hi.s
" idea was : He hoped to surroun 1 and cajitnie the troops of .Major Crozier and make use of
"them as hostages, to force the Canadian Government to occupy itself with their cau^e, but
" he had fallen short of his design. A battle took place and the police retreated. He
" expected to surround the police at first, but the fight cjiniucncod and the police retreated."

Their remains then no more doubt. The Metis began the firing and tlie case of
legitimate defence can no longer be admitted, if ever i-t was possible to invoke in their favour
this argument. It has also been said that the Metis are in the liabit of cairying arms, and
that the circumstance of their being armed ought not (» have influenced .Major Crozier, but
it was proven at the trials of the Metis that tliis pretension was not well founded, th;tt these
people only carry weapons when they are going to hunt, but they are not in the habit of
hunting in a band of 300 to 400. There was on tho other side, for a certain length of time, a
rumo ir in tlie country that at St. Jerome, Riel was training men in the liandling of Areapons
during the night, as appears from a letter of Major Crozier. (Speech of iMr. Jlills in tho
House of Commons), Although this fact may have never been verified, it was nevertheless of
a nature to excite suspicion.

AFTER TFIE BATTLE.

Crozier's force is beaten and routed, the imur-cnts remain in possession of the battlefield
and are triumphant. I'eter Tomkins, one of the prisoners of tho L.xovide, narrates the facts
in the following manner, ii the course of Riel's tiial:

"I heard the firing of guns a couple cf time.s, and when the half-breeds returned, Riel
entered llie j-ard on horseback, some cf his men were in the rear, others in the front, and he
waved his hat shouting joyously and sending forth hurrahs, and he thanked the Blessed
Virgin and St. Joseph for the victories he had gnined." «

But the Exovido is not the greatest enthusiast of the band; his worthy acolyte and rela-
tive, G. Dumont, also enters tho yard and shouts to lirintj out the j-nsriie/s and iu kill them.

It is so very sehlom that we liave occasion to relate a creditable action on the part of Louis
"David" Riel, tliat we Avill not allow this one to pass. Kiel w rites to Major Crozier to come
and bury his dead and he should not be molested.

Speaking of the engagement at }^"zk I^ake, Kiel told Astley that the soldiers had fired
first, to wliioli tlie latti-r replied: that fiom what he knew of Major Crozier, he would say he
had no intention of firing first; that ho liud told him so; that perhaps a rille had gone olV by
accident. Riel admitted that miglit liavc been, tlien boasted of having commanded his men.
"In the name of God and the Supreme Being 1 say to you 'fire,'" and ho explained that the
troops had been beaten by the hraverv of his soldiers. (Evidence of Astley and Harold Ross,
Riel trial.)

Riel then had his prisoners Iransf 'ireil to Carlton, thrncc to Batoche; but before leaving
Carlton the insurgents set fire to the post. (Kiel trial, evidence rf Haii^id Ross.)

Transferred to Batoclie, the prisoners are locked up on the ground floor cf Baptiste Buyer's
house, but at the least alarm, or the least danger of an attack from the troops of (ieneral

ed to about four
re th« vanguard
»ing' parleyed a
hill the moruing
, and forced back.

nd makf* a bari-
) troops of Major
advanced before
)f rebels elfectcd
3 in their place,
ouriil iin," McKay
it the firing had
The engagement
'der was ten men,
n its retreat,
ung on the same
Kegina, expressed

able to make war
!S, would force the
This is what his
T and make use of
li their causio, but
ice retrfated. He
; police retreated."

and the case of
3ke iu their favour
:arrying arms, and

Major C'rozier, but
nmded, that these
ot iu the habit of
n length of time, a
ulliiig of weapons
f Mr. ISIills iu the
was uevertheless of

n of the battlefield
narrates the facts

cds returned, Riel
II tlie front, and he
auked the Blessed

y anolyte an 1 rela-
(irid tu kill t/icm.

Ilic part of Louis
]ov Crozier to come

le soldiers Lad fired
■r, he would say he
ifle had gone olf by
mmandod his men.
explained that the
y and Harold Ross,

but before leaving
Ross.)

• vi Baptistc Buyer's
e troops of (leneraV

Middleton, he had them locked up iu a cellar without I'ght, seven men iu a space of sixteen
feet square and nine i-et high. At night their hands were tieil behind their backs, (iivideuce
at Kiel trial; Harold Ross, Peter Tompkins, William Tompkins, Lash, &c.) The prisoners
remained in the. cellar a fortnight, at different timef, the last ten days consccuiioeh;, and William
Tompkins had hsfeet and hands tied at niyht, JDelorme one dai/ said to the pris'mers that if he
found them untied he would blow their brains out. (Rid trial, evidence of AVilliam Tompkins.)
Towards this time, Thomas E. .Tackson goes and sees Rid and asks him to let his brother
go, Wm. Jackhon, the half crazed secretary of the Exovide. Jijbteail of giving up tlie brother,
Riel holds him prisoner himself, and says to him, "/ Itaoe made him a prisoner in his own
tnteresty/or it wauld not have been priiJent to attow him to go about.' On the otlMr liand, Riel
gives Dr. Cotton particulars as to the insanity of his secretary. (W. Jackson's trial.) At the
same time Riel says of lus SGcretaiy, that "he is sick, that his brain is weakened and that it is a
jmnishmevt for having gone against him." (IWel trial, cvij.lenne of Thomas E. Jackson.) The
argument that some have tried to draw in favour of Riel from the »*«c/««ss of his secretary, thus
falls to the ground. If it had been proved that the Exovido was ignorant of the madness of
his soc'.etary and had continued to employ him, this fact would certainly have been of consid-
erable importance in suggesting the belief of insanity iu the chiet himself. But tht;re is
nothing of this; not only does the agitator make no use of his secretary, but lii' knows he is
mad and he has him locked up, audsays that iu this way his mental state will be cured.

BLOODY EPISODE.

"While the Exovide is continuing his criminal, cruel and sacrilegious M^ork at Batoche,
while he lias his prisoners bound, deceives the half-breeds and drags them into a revolt, let us
see what his ferocious allies, the Indiaus, are doing. Two noble priests, tAvo martyrs, eight
peaceful and inolfeusive men and a poor woman fall under the bullets of the assassins.

It is the most jiainful drama of this sinister period, aud we esteem it our duty to imfold
to the eyes of our readers its atrocious particulars. Many generous hearts pity the miserable
fate of the Exovide, but they foiget too easily with how many tears, how much blood his name
is soiled.

On the 2nd April, 1885, Good FriJay, the Rev. Fathers Fafard and Marchand, two
missionaries esteemed aud venerated by all the country, were celebrating the Holy Sacrifice
iu the church of the establishment known under the mime of Frog Lake. During tlie Holy
Sacrifice the Indian chief Wandering Spirit, accompanied oy a baud of men of his tribe, pene-
trated into the church, decked out in his war costume, his ritle on his shoulder.

The service ended, while the faithful were returning to their homes Wandering Spirit met
Quiim and Gouin. The Indian Chief ordered Qninu to go to the Indian camp. As the
unfortunate man demands some explanations, Wanderimj i^pirit dischaiges his liHe point
blank. Quinn, the first victim falls dead, Gouin runs to assist him, when Jhid Arrow,
anoth'-r Indian chief, strikes him with his gun. The unhappy victim falls, his face to the
ground, lifts himself on his elbow, Miser aide Man, another tiger with a human face, dis-
charges his rifle iu his breast — Gouin was dead.

Blood for blood, the Indians see it red ; they must have other victims. The Instructor
of Agriculture with his wife, are not long in falling victims to the ferocious passions kiudled
ill their hearts. The miller Gowaulock shares their f i^te, but as the work of blood progresses,
it also assumes more barbarous forms. The unfortunate miller is coolly assassinated under the
eyes of his horror-stricken M'ife, half dead with despair. Dill, Williscraft, and Gilchrist fall
ULder the blows of these infuriated monsters, and are killed with h jrrible cruelty.

The Rev. Fathers Fafard sni Marchand, who ran to the spot at tlie noise of the firing of
the Indians' rifles, wish to interpose and stop this ferocious carnage ; they fa^l in their turn.
This is what the Indian The Thunder deposed at the trial of tlie chief Around 2'he Sky.

•• I saw the priest Fafard lyiiig on the ground after he had been fired at. When I saw
liim for the fiist time, 1 was going iu the same direction as some Indians who were following
the whites. Subsequently, 1 returned to the place where the priest was lying, and I saw tJie
defendant firing at the priest. The priest was lying with his face to the ground, and the
defendant iired at his skull. The defendant. Around TIte Sky, was almost over him. He
held the end of his rifle very near the head of the priest. A certain number of Indians
sui rounded theni. The Indians said the priest pretended death, and that he was not dead.
1 saw him stir while on the ground. I heard him groan after the defendant fired at him."

Anotlier Cree Indian, Osasawcow, says, at the same trial. Wondering S/>irtt was the fi-st
to fire on tlie priest Fafard. The priest fell, his face again .t the ground, the blood fiowinj;
txom his mouth and nose.

Detiiils are not given of the murder of tlie Rev. F. Marcliand, tut we cau complete them by
a letter from the iiev. V. Leduc, who expresses himself as follows : —

7'/ie dear fathers FafuTd, Canadian, and MarchanJ, of the Diocese of Eenncs, were
massacred hi/ the ii>jide!.<, their bodies horribly mutilated, their hearts pulled out a?ii/ 7io doubt
devoured.

" They both yloriously fell under the bullets of the savayes, immolated to their blind ami
foolifh hut red. IJotli fell in the (xerdne rf th-t n)lde virtue cf charity in briny iny relief to the
victims of thi injide/s, and in endenvo'iriny to sub lue and calm the fury if the Indians. The
latter^ blinded iy perfidious advice, u-anlc i to yet rcl, not only of the whites, but of their priests
and tlicir rrliyion."

The (j^cy Nuns only escaped outrage and death by taking refuge on a desert ihland, where
they spent several iiiglits exposed to to the inclemeney of the woiithur at this gl.u'iid season,
and having for food iiotliing but tbo iish they could catch in tiio hlk(^

The dcfondcrs of the " Exovide," do not iiold him responsible for tlkse massacres,
and say he never ordered these atro'i'ities. Wo are willing to believe, that the new iMaLomei,
did not sign llie order to put to death the victims at Frog Lake, for then all examinatiou ot
his case would bo superflucus, hut tlie opinion of the llev. Father Leduc seems to us to bo so
clearly expressed as to need no commentary. Kiel who gave the order to arouse the Indians,
has at the same time, assumed the responsibility of tlu-ir atroeilies.

And the llev. lather Tourmoml does not think dilil'rently whi^n he says: —

" It Mas a horrilile consequence of tliP diabolical plans of Kiel that the Rev. Fathers
rafar<l and JIarchand vere massacred at Frog Luke under his orders.

And when alter tlie c.igagcment at Duck Lake, Kiel boasted of having prevented an
Indian from finishing oil Newell:, l!i^? wounded sohlier of the Alounted Police, he gctsfrom
Astley this severe but just reply, " Ji is a consequence of hoviny aroused the Indians" and Kiel
does not protest. lie thus, in a manner, acknowledges his culpability.

It is moreover s;ipeilh;ons to discuss at any greater length thi;^ question of responsibility.
It is evident to any man whose pioper place is rot at Keaujiort cr Longue Kointe. Who then
will dare to say that the execution of Kiel was not an act of justice? The blood of ten men,
two of whom were holy missionaries, whose persons are invested with the most sacred character;
of a poor and iiiuoceut woman. massaciKl at Frog Lake, with a cruelty Avhich made people's
hair stand on end; of two men murdeied at Battleford, crying for veugence from Heaven, and
had Kiel only been guilty of these atrocities, the executive would not have been justified in
granting him a pardon.

BATOCHE UNDER THE TERROR.

"While the Indians at Frog Lake and Battelford were winning immortality by their
horrilile ciuehi(3, Louis l>avid Kiel continued his work at Datoche.

The turning at Frog Lake and Carleton had given an appcHte to the insurgents. They
set fire to IJillyaid Mitchell's house, after having sacked and pillaged it.

One day Kiel says to his men, "you will go .'>nil take the prisoners at Gamot's and give
them to th(! Indians, who will kill them to-night, and the same is to be done to the two
prisoners in Solomon Venue's house, but see that the Indians do not torture them." Patrick
Touroiiil energi'tifally opposed this barb'arous order and exclaims: "If you kill these men,
you Will have to begin by killing me," and the Exovide re]die.s banteringly: "Tourond, you
ii^c an I you will remain ail sound." (Tourond trial, evidence of Itoger Goulet.)

What a good iipostli'l Tiuly we must acknowledge that Mr. Jleicier is a hundred thousand
times right when he says that liicl died becjuse he hn.i loved his country loo well, but the Kouge
chief should have ailded, and kis ne yhhnrs. Truly can you imagine anything more touching
than this rei'ommend;ition to see that the Indians did not torture the prisoners. This strongly
bears a resemlilance to tlie num who would give a lamb to the wolf, forbidding him to eat it.

"I'liel, having discoveretl that Monkman ha<l formed tue plan of escaping on horseback,
when he should have crossed the liver, has him judged by a council of war, made a prisoner
arid ciiaincd to tiie iloor (-f one of the upper rooms of the huuse of Baptiste Boyer at Batoche."
(Evidence of Thos. E. Jackson, Champagne trial.)

".*fpies and sentries mn-e posted at the houses where suspected parties live J, and all
attempt at escape was, by order of Kiel, to be treated as a crime jiunishable with deatli. Any
person found trying to escape must be immediately shot, by order of Riel. ^Trial of Joseph
Arcaud and others, evidence of Nolin.)

Let us sec how very popular Kiel's regime was. Thomas E. Jackscn, Kiel's prisoner, tlie
same man to wliom the Exovide had given the order to forward to the newspapers in the east.

otnpletft them by

of Renncs, were
out and no doubt

to their blind and
nginq relit f to //)''
lie Indiana. Tiie
'jut cf their iiricsh

sort i^liiml, wlierc
his gliU'iiil season,

• tlkse massacres,
lie new Maliomot
ill exaiuiiiatiou of
ems Lo us to be so-
fouse the Indians^

ys : —

the llcv. Fathers

ring prcvoiilcl an
'dice, he gets from
; Indians'' and Kiel

n of rcsponsiliility.
L'oiule. NVhotheii
; blood of ten men,
ost sacred character;
hich made people's
> liom Heave 1!, aiid
I'e been justified in

imortallty by tlieir

e insm-gents. They

it Ga;not*s and give
» be done to the two
me them." I'atrick
you kill these men,
fly: «'Touroud, you

^ulot.)

) a hundred thousand

uwcZ/.but the Rouge

;hing more touching

ners. This strongly

ddiug liini to eat it.

japing on horseback,

WHY, made a prisoner

lioyer at Batoche."

arties lived, and all
.le witli deatii. Any
tel. ^^Tlial of Joseph

J, TvieVa i>risoner, tlie
uwspapers iu the east.

correspondence to .justifiy the rebellion, gives Lis evidenee at the Clianipaguo trial in the
following words; "The only members of the council upon whom iJiel could rely were Gabriel
Dumont, Dumase Carriere and Napoleon Nault. lUel distrusted all the otheraiaud watched them."

"The master comedian, this signal imposter, had turned their lieada, and wlicn lie had
compromised them by the shedding of blood, then tliey were iu his power, aij<l lie made use of
his power without mercy. I have heard him say and proclaim; 'death! death! death! forwhoever
seeks to escape.' And by order of lliel, rifles were put to tlio breast of noor pecjile, bei;au.sn
he suspected them of wanting to escape; to completely terrorito them all, he d(.clared he would
have mo placed ia the front on the batlle-ficAl. • * * I spoke to (Jarnofc and I reproached
him with being among the misguided. 'What can I do,* said he, 'I am forced to benere. I
would be killed if I refused to appear at least to act, and \ must do all in my power to savo
the life of the poor people locked up nt Battlcford; this is wdiat consoles me iu this terrible
business.' " (Evidence of Rev. Father Fourniond, trial of Arcaud and others.)

And the Kev. Father Andre in hia evidence at the trialof Joseph Arcaud and others, says;
"Kiel told them that death alone, and a death accompanied by merciless tortures, awaited
them; that their daughters and sisters would be outraged imder their very eyes, their childien
cut in jiieccs; their proi-.erly destr(iy(;il, and tlieir nation entirely exterminated by the brutal
soldiery. And to complete the terror of these jmor deceived people, he reminded themcf the
fate of Charles Noli:i, who had been tondemned to death by Riel for desertion, and wiiom the
police had thrown into prison. • • * Auother time Riel said: 'If yon do not consent to
become a member of the council, your ju'oiierty will bo lillaged, your life wilt not bo in safety,
you will bo ac the mercy of thoso who want to deceive you.' " * * ♦ ypeaUing of Joseph
Delorme, iu the counso of the Bamo deposition, the IJev. Father Andre said: "For a lonj iitm
ha refused all relations irith IHel, and aK/Of/eil his neighbors to follow ike same line q/ conduct .
It was only by force and threa's that at lemjth t/uy sitcceeded in f/el/in ; him to join the rebeil.on."

We have already told iiow Nolin had beeu artcsted with Boyer, aud condemned to death
for having refused to join the movement.

The picture of the cruelties of L'iel is complete enough, and it is uselesp, it Fcema to us, to
enter into the details of the ill treatment his prisoners had to endure, all inolfensivo people
with whom the Fxovide had nothing to find fault, but whom ho kept to bo used as hostages.
We could add to this recital, somewnat disjointed but very searehin,"-, the grotesque side ui the
impious mummeries which l^ouis Da^id liiel practised so as to win the popular JVeling, ^lassiug
himself oil" for a prophet, but spaco is wanting to allow a review of bis juggleries.

In the meantime, 0. Dumont surrounded Batoche with a triple lino of earthworks and
posts where th(! riflemen, secure agaiust the projectiles of the enemy, could keep up well sus-
tained iire. 'J ho pits or shelters were hidden by means of branches planted iu the iamlcen
ground, ill a manner lo siniulato thick bushes. J.Iorcover they were ciistiibuted in a way to
command all the passages liy which Gencal Middleton could attempt an attack on the village .'
The ]ilaii uf operation at Batoche found ;n the papers of the half-breed chief, a fac-simileof
wdiieh ha.s been published at the cud of the Report of the Minister of Militia, luoves that Riel
and his men had perfectly studied the ground of their operations.

By tile foregoing, cno can study the feelings animating tlie half-breed chief. The half-
breed's cause is i:olhiiig in hi.s eyes, tho jiroof of which is obviuis fiuco it was only l>y deceit
und terror ho held hia paiti.saus together. 1 f lie had had really in view the good of those, who
by J cruel irony cf fate, he called his people, he would have put everything iiv motion to stop the
rebellion, had the hail-breed.^ kIiowu any sign of revolt. Far fronv acting iu this way, he
foments tiie rising and forces the unfortunates lo follow liim.

His conduct id that of an intriguer, coupled with that of a cruel, ambitious and crafty man.

A SORROWFUL EPISODE.

Near Bato. he, was living in a kind of opulence, smrounded by her seven tons, models of
piety, courage and industry, a. holy and woitliy widow by tlio name of Tourond. '1 he mother
loved with a lively aud tender atl'ection her seven children who brought'lack to her mind tho
loved husband goin; to i better sphere, and these worthy children of a-virtuous mother returued
licr lovu like dutiful sons. This family was tlic admiration of the neighborhood.

From the beginniug, thoso brave young men declared themselves fopenly ngain.st tho
machinations of Riel. 'rlio half-hrecd "chief used with them persuasions and threats, but
without aviiil; they remained steadfast.

l!i( 1 then conceived an infernal jdan. Every day he would go to the widow and relate
t:'.:' holy visions, would tell her of th' inspirations of the spirit of God, impressing the simple
und eivdi'iou,-, Mid sl.giuly .superstitious, mind of the poor mother. Ho narrated lo iier how

in Lis visions In- hnd sci'n liimsclf siin'O ndod by sfvcii stars hhiiiinc^ with extmonlinajy
lirilliuiicy, iiml I'oniun;,' lor Jiiiii iiu niircol > cf gloiy. Tlicsii .stars would he say to tho good
woman, uro your scvi-n sons to whum will Iw duo the glory of the haif-hrrcd nation; and tho
mother, iu i:er siuiid<( laith, Indii'ving in th(! divinity of tho mission of this imposter, br-gged
and ].raytd her sens to go and tight, nnder the banners of the new Mahomet.

Alas I they obcyud iIk; deluded mother; they took up aims. Three fell dead on the battle-
field and lie in an eternal sleep in their lii:stily dug graves on the banks of tho ISaskatehewan.
The fouith died with sorrow on leirning of the miseiable end of his brothers; the fifth is
maimed for life; the two others were made prisoners, brought to licgina and only escaped
imprisonment, thanks to the cvidenee given as to their past conduet.

It was (ne of them who, replying to Judge llichardson's question as to what they had to
say why judgment shouhl not be passed upon them, sa.d in tremulous tones: " 'Tis hard, seeing
that we liave been deceived,"

'J'iils family who previous to the insurreelion was well-to-do is now ruined, and yet
towards the autiior of these heartrending misfortunes some people wanted the Government t«
exercise clemency.

THE BATTLE OF BATOCHE.

Tho military operations of ilu; campaign oiler but a secondary interest, and we will allude
to til"'" ""Iv so far as they throw light on tho conduct of the i)rophet, Louis "David" lliel.

Tv'hcther by caleulaitcn or natural dispositiin, or a oomhination of both, tho Exovide
gives no tokens of that great qiial'ty that all nations so highly prize, tvud of whicli his race is
BO justly piond: Courage.

J(>hn W. Astley, in his deposiviou at the trial, sa5's: "So far as I can judge, he was too
much afraid of risking his neck to run a needless clanger," and at another time: "1 returned.
It was taking a long time to Jind TAt-A. I wen*; at last wiiEitK tiik avomkn and CUILDREN
WERE." We know that in reply to a note of the Exovide thus Avorded: "If you kill our
families, we are going to kill the Indian Agent and the ether prisoners. (Signed,) Louis
"David" liiel, Exoviile, General Aliddleton hail rrplied by this other note. "Mr. Kiel, 1 am
anxious to avoid kirung women and children, and have done my best to avoid doing so. Put
your Avomen and chihlren iu one place and let us know where it is ami no shot shall be fired
upon them. 1 trust to your honour ncv to I'Ut men with them. Signed, Fred. Middleton,
Commandf'r of tho Nortli-West Forces.'

Tho de[)osition of Astley, with its suicompanying circumstances, docs not show on tlie part
of the half-Lreed chief very great brave) r. We slioui'l expect to see a mau, seemingly devoted
to the cause of his people, foiemost whe e danger threatened, showing tho example of intrepid-
ity, of courage, after calling to arms; v^i would think he would bo found iu the vanguard,
under tho leaden hail, eiicouraging his i,icn liy woul and example, and it is among the women
and children, safe from danger, that h<: is to be fuund I I'or oursclve?, in spite of all, i) IJiel
had tealed with his blood his unfoitanate levolt, wo could have had some respect for his
memory and believed in his sincerity; ^Jfo could have taken him for a misguided hero, but there
is nothing of this nature in him, ho ii.-.i only low aiubsordid feelings.

'j'lie same Astley dejm.ies at tho same tiial iu these terms: "lie told me that we all knew
he nevi r carried any arms, nevertheUvss we had seen him one day with a rille;" and George
iS'ess states at tho same trial: "1 saw iliim with a revolver." And William Tompkins declares
that he siw Kiel "armed with a Wincl.cster rille."

This is what proves in this man, whom it is sought to exalt as a hero, an odious calcula-
tion to save his own life, after ho had diiven unfortunates to ex[>ose theirs.

Let us return to the farts. The fitness Thomas E. Jackson, brother of the halluciunted
secretary of tho Exovide, and his prismer, states in the Kiel trial: "I remember one occasion
when he rushed into the church and brought out the crucilix, and ran among the houses calling
out the men and insisting ail should come, and 1 saw him go out .".ml choose tho ground upon
which to defend himself, expecting an attack from the llumbolt trail." Charles Kolin deposes
to "having seen him armed with a ci ucifix one foot and a half in length, wliich he used as a
baton of command." Ho neither shrunk from the profanation of churches nor the carrying
of images, to strike tho credul us spirit of the half-breeds; but when he would be expected to
show suuie biavery, lie hid.s liimself behiml the women ami the children.

llarolil Koss deposes: "After the battle of Tourond's creek, 1 heard Kiel say that they
had g;ii!!til two victoiies and that they wanted to gain a third and they coujil then make better
terms vi.h the Govtrnment.

John W. Astlty sayi-: "After the battle of Tourond's creek, I wrote to Kiel asking him
for an iule, view. 1 Lad a long conversation wuh him about the prisoners. 1 told him tht

LIK

7(tlf

;>r

til extraoriUnaiy
3 say to tho good
I nation; and the
impoHter, begged

icad on the battle-

ho Saskatchewan.

hers; the fifth ia

and only escaped

what they had to
"'Tis hard, seeing

' ruined, and yet
he Government t«

and we will allude
3 "David" Kiel,
both, the Exovide
if which his race is

. judge, he was too
iiue: "1 returned.

EN AND CUILDREN

: "If you kill our
i. (Signed,) Louis
.. "Mr. Kiel, 1 am
•oid doing ho. Put
) uhot .shall bo fired
d, Fred, lliddleton,

lot show on tlie part
, seemingly devoted
'.sample of intrepid-
d iu the vanguard,
is among the women
. spite of all, ii Kiel
some respec:t for his
aided hero, but there

mo that we all knew

ariile;" and George

m Tompkins declares

0, an odious calcula-

: of the lialluciuatcd
member one occasion
ng the housesi calling
3cse the ground upon
;harlea Kolin deposes
ti, which he used as a
hes nor the carrying
would bo expected to

rd Kiel say that they
>u)d then make better

te to Kiel asking him
lers. i told him tht

fours I entertained about the Imlians, and askcil him if he wmdd allow me to see the General
or Irvine, to try and ctfect an cxcliange. lid iviiwcd to exchange. 1 said to him, what do
you want to keep us for ? 1 said I sujiiiose you want us in the event of vou or your council

you wanr, ro Keep us lor ! i saui i sujijiose you want us m the event ol you or your counei
being in danger. He replieif: 'Ves, cfitainly.' I said, you claim the v'ieloiv at Touroihl'i
creek and Duck Lake, and you ouglit to let me go and try' lor terms. And lie replied, he hai
gaini il two victories and lie mast have another, 'if we gain this the terms will he. better, if W(
lose tlie terms will be the same as now.' "

Here is how iliel explains liis conduct to Captiun Mobiles Young, who ^'ave his eviiif^uce
at the Kiel 1;jial: "lie said he had not dreamed of tighiing the army iu tin- open eoiiutiy, and

ill uir jvit.-i yiiii. 111! sum iiu iiau iiou (ueaineii oi u<^uillig the army lu lUr open eoillUiy, ana
tlie nasoii he had not ado[ited Guerilla warfare was tliat he hoped by r.-uia.iiiiiig(piii't to induce
the (u'lieral to send a small foree himself, and lii' hoped to eajituiv lliat suudi foree, and with
tlieiii as hostajres, to eoinpel the (ioverniiieiit to consider the situation, lie failed in that,
ami then he made the attempt to captuie the steamer Northcote, with the intention of keeping
as lio>t.MOT>s t,lio.kic on board."

tl. w.iiv^iiiiu IVJUH.. .fl.-*lli^y II LUIIIIIL >\IL11 y>lH' JtlUy iU lilt! V» e 1 1

lied. Asth'y proposed to Kiel to go ami .see (ieiieral Middl'ton and try to
[got ihe be.it jicssible terni.s, and the f.xovide seeuii.Ml decided, when tin; lirinj,' began aiu;w.
Itiei then decided to .send anotlnu' h'tter to tiie General and gave it to Astlev.

leu uisposeu lo siirrenaer, jn-ni'iiic i inai ne. ana /k.s cmoirti. u'ero

Igiren their lives until the U'wcrument had given a rejuhrr trial, (Astley's evidence,^ <lceide8 ou

I writing the celebrated note which .some partisans of iiiel, without a shadow of reason, try to

Ihave appear a letter of anticipated pardon. Astley returns to Ki(d's ()ositiou, looks lor him a

[longtime and at last llnds him among the women and cliihlren. "i reported to him," says

■Astley, "what the General had told me, that if he ordered his men to stop tiring, he (the Geu-

leral; Avonld do likewise, and that he might accompany me to the General's." iiiel hesitated

Ibut declares that he has no need, tit call (he council to snrrmder, thai he will do what Astlei/

kcishe-, still he is evidently searehiiig for some new trick to turn the tide of events in his favour;

pnt l;e has forgotten the Indians he has enrolled, who having continued the iiriug, pi-ovoked

the charge which placed the force of General Middleton iu jiossessiou of l>atoehe. The half-

ircei's and Indians tlirfiw e.way their arms and run, tlie jirisoners are taken from the cellar in

[which they are coiitined by means of pieces of rock, but the K.\o\idi^ lias di,-,t;i]M .aed. if, as

feonie people preleiid, he had wished to suri'eiider, this was the moment to meet the (Jcueial, a

|vvhil(' Hag iu his hand, lie did not do this.

THE SURRENDER OF RIEL.

a It has been [iretended that Kiel threw away his arms and surreudfVed on the promise given
M)Y (Jeneral .Xliddleton that his life would bespareii. This jiretentuai is f'alM' in all its hearings.

VVhm iliel, on the l.'^th Mny, ISS.'i, allowed nimself to be taken by the s(-oiits, lie had, no

loubt, good reason to believe that he would not be shot on the ^pot, nor killed by the volmiteei's;

nit he must have exjiected to be held respousiMe tor his acts b'efore the tril)unols of the country.
The authorities had given him to understand, on several oe<asious, what (ate awaited him,

,nd lu; hiuisidf had a premonition wIk u he said that he was going to </oi c, n Ih': Morlh ]Ve-<l or

u:iih. ill the alteii)/>l.

i'^roui the beginning of the revol^, and jnevions to the first slieddine; of
jak(>. Major ('I'ozier had ! ' '* ^ > i - i tt a .1

lood at Duck

jak(>. Major ('I'ozier had a proclamation posted byJ.U. Astley, and instructed Captain Moore
ud Thomas JIcKay, of I'lince Alliert, to tell any of Kiel's men whom they would meet, that
le I elieved many men had been driven involuntarily into this business ; ;hat !;e hoped they
loidd disperse? and return to tlunr homes ; that he believed tin; (.ioverninent would take their
Bise into consideration and deal leniciuly with them, with the exception of tlie Chiefs, irho
foidd have to answer t'nr their ofi'ciee, and that he would do all in his power to get an amnesty
pr tie rank and iile. (Iiiel trial, evidence of Crozier.)

I On his side. General Middleton sent the insurgents a proclamation, dat.ed 30tli .\pril,
lliich read as follows :

••Tlii> liiilf-lirccds and tlio Indiiiiis wlio have been hwcxX af^aiiiHt tludr will to join tlif
rebels, or tliosc iiiisj,nii<l('tl Indians who iiro aiding the ndxdlion, an; hcivby infonned that if
thpy throw away thtdr arms and return to their ho'.i;es iinJ reserves, they will be protected and
given pardon."

*• The forcos sont by the Government do not want to wage war against these men, but
only against 15i(d. his councillors and abbetors."

" MIDDLETON."

It is sei'n that the amnesty i)rouuscd by Middleton to ah those who threw away their
arnis, did not extend to liiel, do.- 'o hin councillors and abbetora. A pardon cannot then be
invoked for them on the strength -S this proclamation.

Now, let us pass to another (iiint.

How did Kiel surrender ? V. as he the victim of a snare ? Did he throw away his arms
during the battle to stop tiie confl'' ? Did he not rather surrender after Batoche was taken
iiud when all resistance was hopeless ?

It was on the Itith May that the battle of Hatoche was fought and the ]dace carried.

The entrance of the victorious force iiito Batoche put the rtibels to flight — Kiel ran away
witii tile rest.

Tile next day, the 13th May, the half-breeds were returning with white ilags. Those who
were the least compromised were allowed to go, by Middleton, tlu; others were takea prisoners.
Of the latter there were 13, of this number 2 councillors, but liiel does not make his a^jpearance,
he remains in hiding in the neighbourhood of Batoche.

On the 14th Mny they are on the traf'k of Kiel.

On the 15th May, the scouts search the wood and the neighbourhood. In the afternoon
two of them, named Armstrong and Howie, fall in with Kiel, who offers no resistance and j
they show him the note written by General Middh^ton, two days before, promising him protec-
tion until the Government had decided on his casc^

Here is the exact wording of this note : —

" Mr. Iliel, 1 am readij to rtxsire yon and yoi. r Council and to protect you until your case I
luis been decided upon bij the Canadian Government.'

This note of Middleton's was wiitten after tlie communications excliaugod with Kiel '
during the Battle of Batocdie. During the firing Kiel sent one of his prisoners, Astley, with
the following note to the General :

"BATOCHE."

*' If you massacre our families we are going to massacre the Indian Agent and other •

prisoners.

12th May, 18S5.

" LOUIS DAVID KIEL, Exovide."
"J. W. ASTLEY, Bearer."

The General replied as follows: —

Mr. Kiel, — I am anxious to avoiJ killing women and children, and have done my best to]
Avoid doing so, Tut your children and women in one place and let us know where it is and ;
wo shot shall be fired on them. I trust to your honour not to put men with them."

"FKED. MIDDLETON,

Com. N. W. Field Forces."

In the cour.se of his interviews with General Middleton, Astley said to him : " I think
Mr. Kiel is in a high state of excitement, and 1 would not be surprised if he surrendered."
It was on this indication, given by Astley, that the General wrote the next day the note pre-
viou.sly quoted which only reached Kiel, however, on the 15th.

JT- Now here are two of the scouts who captured Kiel who came and testifyed under oatli
that the latter did not surrender freely, that he was well armed and was getting ready to run
«way when they captured him. We tpiote :

Canada, North- West Territories.

fHrfi

" We, William Diehl and Robert Armstrong, of Prince Albert, in the North-West Terri-g,.^,^.
tories, solemnly declare : — K. 1

•' 1. That during tlie revolt of the half-breeds and Indians which took place in thef

r will to join tlm
y iiitbnned that if
1 bo protected and

st these men, but
►N."

threw awiiy then'
on cannot then be

[row away his arms
Batoche was taken

jilace carried,
ght— Kiel ran away

3 ilags. Those who
i-re Ukeu prisoners,
lake his appearance,

Tn the afternoon
s no resistance and |
jmising liim protec-

: you until your case

xcliaugod with Ri<l
isoners, Astley, with i

OCHE."

ian Agent and other

LIEL, Exovide."

Bearer."

have done my best to
know where it is and
ith them."

V. Field Forces."

to liim : "I think
I if he surrendered."
lext day the note pre-

1 testifyed under oath
} getting ready to ruui

"West Territories.

the North- West Terri

ch took place in the

Saskatchewan in the Spring of 188.5, we enroUfd among tlic vohuitiers of rviiicc Albert and
(lid tlie service of scouts, being in relation with the said volunteer militia for about two
months-"

•• 2. We have seen it stated by certain newsi>apers ot the Lower Canada Press, that
Lonis Hiel, the loader of the insurgents, Imd vohintariU- surrendered after tin; battle
I of Batoche, and given himself up to tiie autliorities, and tlnit the said Louis Kiel could eufiiiy
I have left the country had lie been so inclined.*'

" 3. We, accoini)anied by one Thomas Howie, are the vhree volunteers of Prince Albert
[who took part in the search for Louis Kiel and the other rebels, wiio Ueil after the Ijattie tf
iBatoche."

«' 4. Moreover, we expressly state that we and th(; sr.'d Thomas Howie, are the
jthree scouts who captured Louis Kitd and placed him in the hands of General Middleton.
jWhen we captured him we believinl, and to'day we allinn, tliat this saiil Louis Piel hail not
|the intention of surnaidering, but was getting ready for a huriied llight. He was looking
•a horse, and had with him a bridle and saddle and was widl armed. Tlie two half-hreed.s
^vho accompanied liim were also W(dl armed. The rumours mentioned above, that Louis Kiel
liad voluntarily surrendered are entirely false."

"And we each make separately tliis solemn declaration, conscientiously believing it tn lie
tnie, and by virtue of the Act pissed in the y7th year of Her Majesty's reign, intituled " Au
\ct for the suppression of voluntary and extra-judicial oaths."

" WM. DIEHL."

' KOBEUT AKMSTPONG.

Taken before me, in the City of Prince Albert, North-West Territories, this 23rd day of
December, 1885.

WM. K. GUNN,

Notary Public for the North-West Territories,

TWO WORDS ON THE HALF-BREED GRIEVANCES.

As our reader may have seen by our article on the half-breeds grievances, there is
othing left standing of those celebrated claims. These were, moreover, nothing more than
retensions that the half-breed fancied should prevail, rather than real grievances based on
certain and acquired right. W« voluntarily admit tliat these prtitensions deserved in
quit}', to be seiiously considered, but we cannot admit that they gave any right whatever to
he half-breeds to rise in rebellion.

In those jiretended grievances, there is not a single one which is not inherent to the
ature itself of a new colony, of an establishment in the state of embryo like the North-
Test. We find, moreover, the proof of this assertion in ttie numerous forms these claims take,
le considerable number of changes they undergo. To-day, the petitioners will ask one
hing, the next day they clamor for another, and the Government was cpiite excusable in not
leing able to act on this flood of petitions, crossing each other and very often in opposition to
ach other.

Now, let us take up the apju'eciation of the most ardent defenders of Kiel and his rebel-
on, and let us consider a moment what they think of the lebellion and the grievances of the
If-breeds.

Here are the words spoken in the House of Commons by Mr. Gigault, member for
iouville , —

" / xai/ that T do not approve of the rehdlion hccunse I believe tliat the 'grievances of which
e half-hreedx comidaiivd were not of a nature to Justijy it,"

And the member for Pert Huron West, Mr. Cameron, whose evidence is hiirdly more
spicious than that of his colleague of Kouville says ;

•" 1 do not ivixh to JuMifn the rebellion. I want to point out the situation in the North'
'est. J want to prove that the prisoner was Justified in goiny there, and setting forth the
'rciimatances that lead him thei-e."

And on another occasion the same member says : —

" / admit that the half-breeds had grievances, but their grievance? were not sufficient to
stify the rebellion. Who has pretended they had grievances sufficient to Justify the rebellion i
ho made this declaration ? Is it a member of the Opponition'.^"

Several members — Yes.

Mr. raiiKn.ii: "A'" viniinii on th' ntdr of the opposHton made any mich d:daralion. to //(•
t(rprt thill /III- hiill-lin'cili /mil !iriir<tnr,n /ii.-liti/itii/ ii irlifllion."

Sir liiclmnl <'iutwnf;lit; mid Mr. (iiroiianl do not think otherwise, uimI Uh' ('ln(iiiont advo-
cate of Ififl, Mr. Fit/imtrii'k liiiiisidl', say.-*, 'I hat then- inia nothint/JuMtiJi/iii'/ a r/'UUioii.

It HctMiiH nci'dli'srt to Hcik lor other" evidence. The imthority of thi ,se deTenders of tlio
course Heenis to us sullieienl.

We coulil (h'velo]> tliese con s'dcriif ions liir^^'ely, but we will limit onrselvcs to i^m tinj^ ono
I'net whieh nm.st coiiiiilete tlie enlightenment ol tlu^ most ohstinate. \\ e hold it Iroui u nm^t
Kdialde scmree, and can conse(iuently attest its p'rleet nnthenticity.

A short time invvions to lie,t;innin<,' his revolntionary Tnov<'ment, liiel eanie into the
I'rovinee of (,hiel«ec, and consnlteil theoln^'ianH, tlic most emiiimt ai:d e.Hteemed lor (Ik ir learn-
ing. Jle was desirons of obtaining I'roin tlu'm the ajijiroval ol' his jtrojects of relnilion, lint ho
failed to ohtain from any of them the eneourajjement he di'sired; on the contrary, all were
imanimons in jirossinj; him to abandon hi.s nnfortiinate scheme, and striiggh'd in vain in thciil
endeavours to show him its malice and horror. _ I

'I'iiis fait, of which we again say we can guiivantec the ipcrfcct nnthenticity, proves not
only that the rel>ellio;i was not only nnjnstifuilile in all its bearings, but that lliel was pti-j
fectly well Mwan- of this and thi.s renders his gnilt all the gr/ater. I

WAS RIEL INSANE ?

We now arrive at tlie hist argument of the Nationals and Liberals in favor of lliel. I

It .seems somewhat strange that our adversaries want to nnd<e of a lunatic, a hero, :il
martyr, a great patriot, and that they take his nanuj as a rallying ery. Tridy they are no';!
paying themselves any compliments to call themselves the followers of a madman, a Innatir. I

L'/:'hn>!tir<l, Itiel's great advocate, scpiandy set forth the dilemma some tinu' ago when itj
said : » |

"That Jiifl hitJ iictcJ in II de/ilonjlj/e nunmi'r; thai he hud biin (jnUlii o/ iirli> which /'V/j
ot>ly exciimhli' <is thf doii g» of a madman; that he had tv/amniis'i/ oulragcd the Catholic dovlriwA
and itljiiHcd mi.xnoiHirii"< mid sixliTH of' rhariti/. It inm iiu/'uiianali li/ iin/mn.'O-ldi' to doulit this." I

Kitiier insane or criminal, there is no other nn-dium, not even for L'K'enilard. I

Now li't us see whether liiel was reaUy insane and irrcsjionsibh' lor his actions. I

The giMieral opinion throughout the country, during the agitation, was that liiel was pci-l
fectly sane and a nnin of ability. During the nine months that he worked the agitation in thcj
Saskatchewan, in a jiopnlation of 2,0()0 souls, not a .single person wasstnn^l' with the idea th;itl
lliel was not in full possession of his mental faculties. I

Even to-day it woul I be im))ossibl(> to niakc^ the half-breeds believe that Kiel was insane,!
nnd nevertheless, they were intimately ac([uainted with him. I

The witnesses at Hiel's trial all agree in saying they never took hiin to be insane. I

Tlie evnlenee of the physicians comjirising the Medical Commission, which has bseni
published, all have a crushing concurren(>e on this point. I

Gabricd Dumont gets indignant wiien he is told that Kiel av.is insane. We quote from hisj
interview with Odilon Girard : " Thii/ (the English), h:ii'f trii-.d to make, him ajiju.-ar as ul
lunaticanliiroirard, but liiel ix cu'er than then." This then is the appreciation made by a I
man who has lived with him and fonght at his side. I

The ivitnesses decdare at the tjial, that liiel was ])erfeetly calm after the battle at Duck Lake,!
and during the battle at Batoche ; ami Geneial Mi(ldlcton declares that the Exovide converscdl
with him in (piite a sensible manner after the taking of Hatochc. And nevertheless, was it not!
after the first success, or the complete annihilation ol all his projects, that one would expect tol
find hirn greatly ex('ited. I

]f it could be admitted that Loui^^Kiel was insane, one would be Cf)mpelled to admit thati
the wdiole half-breed population of the Siskatchcwan were stricken with lunacy ; since it cou-l
fided its interests to a madman and blindly followed him in bis most foolish escapades. I

The essence of folly is to create a state of mind during which the reason of man escapes alll
control, ami it was not .'ii!:5;',000 nor $1UO,000 as Kiel demanded to leave the country, whichj
would have [lut a sto}) to this morl)id condition. I

It is pi-etendcd that Hii'l had the insanity of greatness, that the only thing which he wasi
incapable of resisting, and wdiich in his mind justilied all crimes, was his own feeling of great-l
ness, elevation and power. And nevertheless, he was ready to renounce that greatness, that!
power, for ^35,0(10. Some may say in reply that he wanted with this money to work out hisl
aim with more certainty by establishing a paper, as he said to Xolin : In mere}', let us remarkl
that he held this lan.guage to Nolin, one of hii ioUoweis, u n lative : 'nit t'.ia'. ]ie i"akes nol

d rldi-dli'in. to tlrr

he cldfiiuMit aclvD-
(/ )■' livllioii.
lUrclult'1'8 of tlic]

VfH to quoting f)iu;
uM il, Iniiii ii most I

!icl ciiiuc into tin'
I'll I'lM th( Ir IfiU li-
lt' iclicUion, I'Ut li.'
eon (rill y, nU wcici
cd in vain in lliciv

iitifity, iiiovcH uotl
Unit Kiel was l"i-

nvnv of llicl.
hiuatii', a lii-io, iil
I'ruly they me im'
iiiiMiiiian, a lunatic
le time ago when it|

of arts which ifcn
he Catholic rlortrhv',]
hi,' t(i Joithl this."
lendind.
s aclioiis.

IS that liiel was \m'\-
the agitation iu tlicl
1' witli the idea thutj

liiit Kiel was msane,|

he insane.

m, which has h^enl

We quote from hisi
ikc. him ajijtear an a\
)recialion niaile by al

hattle at Duek Lnkc, j
ic Exovide converse
.■eithclesp, was it notl
one would expect tol

[leUed to admit thati
luiuuty ; since it cou-
ish escapades,
on of man escapes all!
! the country, which|

thing which he was
own feeling of gviMi-
'■ that greatness, thatj
oney to work out his
mercy, let us remark
It tha*. he i^:ikes no

iiicMtioii r{ this project to th" l!cv. Father Andre. Had lie made to Xoliii the reirark Iw mada
to Jtev. Father Andre: ««//"/ am xatiilird the halhhn-r.h will In," Nojin wouhl liavi? con-
sidered him a traitor, a treachen.Ms venal man. Hail lie snoken ol' tin. estidiiishiiient of his
paper and his projects of coinpicst to the Itev. Father Andre as lie did to Nolin, he wiw tlti-
stroying all chanct? of success, is it like a madman to tliiis calculate ? And wiih Jackson, he
uses the same reserve an 1 keei>s silent in regard to his extravagant i»roiects. Wlieitdore ?
IJecause lie is insane ? because he does not know what he is doing f It would lie pnerilo to
pretend tliis.

Is it madness tohavt^ hostages ami to understmd that an employee of the Ooveinment is
of more value as a prisoner than another individual '.

It is said tliat his extriivaganccs, Ids pretentions to a proplietic and divine mission, arc a
]irnofof Ills insanity, hut let us hear on this sulject tlie evidc'iice of his enusin Nolin at tlio
trial at Kegina.

The witness is asked wln'ther \\w. iirisoner had separated from the idergv, and the witness
answers : Yes, rom/d'tdi/. He adds that the half-hieeds arc a people who need religion, ihit
religion lias a great inlliieiice on tlndr minds.

The witness is asked whether tiie defendant hy remaining with the (dergy, could have suc-
cee(lcd in hringing the half-lireeds with Jum. and the Avitness rej)liH8 : "No this would never
hav(^ succeinled. //' Ihfi (Ir/eiidaiit had not made himself' ajifiear us a firn/di-t h'- iroiUd tinver
have sacec'ded in brin(jinq th ■ half-breeds with htm."

Tile witness is asked if the people did not have confilcuce iu tlieir clergy, and he saya ;
*'■ No, hut they were ignorant in their simplicity."'

Jthas hecn said that Jackson, tin; Secretary of Kiel, having been declared insane, the.
" Kxovidc" who emitloyed him must have hecn insane. This argument might he good and
might prove something in favour of the assertion. You would hav<* to prove first that Kiel
WIS not acting from calculation, hut this proof woidd he groundless, for it has hecn jiroved at
tile trial that Kiel was aware of the insanity of his Secretary and had him locked up for
mental aherration.

And when would it be most likely to imagine that the mind of that man would weaken if

not during his incarceration and after his condemnation '? And, nevertlndess, are the last

[writings of llicl those of a madman • Not at all. His will, his ktt<!rs to his mother, to his

wife, his religious actions are far from indicating mental aberration. There are elfusions of

"eeling, delicacy of sentiment, shades of language that a sound and well halftnci'd mind could

lone conceive and express. His religious retractions, .some ot which, hearing on the subjects

hich engendered the first heresies, are not the product of a disordered brain.

And the Kev. Father McWilliams writes in reference to the d(Mith of the half-breed
eader : —

'* You perhaps wish to know my opinion on the condition of the jioor ambitious man at
us last moments. Here it is: It is impossible to be of sounder mind than he was ; never
ivas there ii man more strengtln iied by the power of faith and the sacraments of the Church,
"ever did a man more sincerely regret his [last sins «♦»«»»*

"1 saw Kiel, I conversed with him. I took the time required to study his case with
aim ; and I must sail that his end was not that of a madman."

Now this aigument remains that Kiel was locked up as a lunatic at Be.mport and
longue Pointe. Here are two letters wdiich throw a strange light on those two incarcera-
lons : —

•• I, the undersigned Medi.ml Superintendent of the Insane Asylum of St. Jean de Dieu,

lertify that soon after the coniinement of Louis Kiel in this hospital, I perceived that in hitn

isanity was only being simulated. The exaggi'ration in his actions was so much beyond

'hat is generally noticed in persons suffering from real insanity, that for a physician any way

kilful in treating mental diseases there could be no room for doubt. On observing to hiin

;hat 1 was not his dui)e, he acknowledged that he was pretending insanity ; ami tiie proof

ihat his avowal was very sincere was that at all times when I was alone witii him, lie always

)oke to me in a perfectly lucid and sensible manner on any subject on which I conversed

ith him." F. X. PEKKEAL'LT, M.D.

" I, the undcn-signed, ceitify that at the time of the confinement of Louis Kiel (with,
liom 1 was well acquainted in the United States and Canada) at ]3eaiiport, and after that
inie, I ascertaineilat different times that apart from certain eccentricities of manner, slightly
vident, he had a perfectly lucid and sound mind, and .spoke perfectly well on all subjects
ihcn not under observation. 1 certify, moreovei', that in my presence the said Louis Kiel has

prt'tcutlcd iiisftiiity, with Biush an evld.'ut ilt-Mpii of iiiisli(;i.liii>,', tlmt tlutre cnu bo In my
miud 110 doubt wimti-vtT iw to the chiuiK.'tcr <.!' liis }iiftciid«'il iiisuuity.

J. A. S. nnUNELLE.
A»il luMi! is wluit Dr. Iloward wiolt; to Mr. Ciirnm, M.P. :

Moutiviil, nth Miinli, 1886.

My Drnr ('iiriaii,--! mAuv hy the piviicrs thut you are ^'oiiiff to H\Mm\i on tlw Tlicl quos-
tiou in the Ffd.-rid I'uiiiiiiiK'iit to-iiioin.w. A.-* my luimc has Im-ch incniioii.d, sayiiiK tliut I
was OIK! of the witiicssfs who shouhl have k«v<'1i Ciidi'iiw) in favour of tliat unfortunutc, at the
tiuif of his trial, 1 si'ud you a copy of a httir 1 orwurdcd to tlio (loverniucut Counsel in the

citv. . ,

I tliink, Tnnr.M.vcr, that it is well for mo to add, that in my opinion, my prcsiMioe at the
trial would have Im'imi of no bciiftir, to Hid; yini know my views on the (piestion of re.sponsi-
bility, hut when the lejral (juestion wouhriiavo been brought forward, I would havo been
obliged to state that Ki.d was responsible for his acts, the same as any other ciiminal.

Yours very tnilv,

ilKNliV I row A UP,
Mvdiciil Superintendent of the AKi/litm Hi. Jean ih PtiU.

This seems to us very elour, and mental alienation can no further be pleadi'd.

We know, moreover, troni authentic authority that the insanity of Kiel in 1 875 never
existi'd. He had just been exiled for live years and his residenei! on Canadian territory was
prohibited; there was then danger, and in some sort, criminality iu reeeiyinghim. Neverthe-
less were we not in fear of compi'omising eminent citizens and people of high position in our
province, we (^oidil follow the exile dny liy day, step by step, seeking to make jirosidytes in the
jin.vinee, when In- was nominally <'ontined iit Ueauport and Loiigue I'ointe, which served him
as reluges when found out. We (pwto iu supi>ort of our assertion the words of M. 1'. IJ. Cas-
graiu in Ida work •• Lettellier do St. Just and his times," p. 17H: "Useles^j searches were
made to iind out his retreat. The cunning half-breed, under diHercut disguises, batlled all
searches with the adroitness and llw skillu! daring of a traj)prr. Wlint irritated his euemiea
was that he was invisible, to llu'ui, nltbougb he frecjuently went out of his retreat."

What remains of tlu! arL(umiiit of in.sanity' Nothing. Nevertheless the opinion of cer-
tain ecclesiastics of distinction' wTio declared that the Exovide was insane, will perhaps be
brought against us. We res[)ec,t the opinions of thes(^ venerable jjriests, but we do not tidnk
that they have meant to decide the question of legal nuidness, that in th(> great charity of their
hearts, tliey preferred, lik(! the liev. 1'. Fourmond, to believe iliel insane rather than think
hiui criminal to the extent shown by bis actions.

After having described the miseries and sufTmings entaileil on the community by the
uprising of till! Indians, a unin from Hatoche, wrote:

" I'oor Indians! 1 do nut think they can be blamed for their misdeeds, they did not know
what they were doing. The guilty are those who stirred them to revolt."

THE FAIRNESS OF RIEL'S TRIAL.

The Liberals and the so c lied Nationalists, for want of nrgimients, preten 1 that Iliel
did not have a fair trial. Let us see on wliat this pretension is founded. As to the choice of
Judge Kichardson, the Liberals are unable to critizc that, .since he was appointed during the
Mackenzie admini.stratiou.

As to tlie conii)osition of the jury, if the old tradition which I'cqnires that a jury be com-
posed of 12 jurors was abaniloned, the Liberal Government is ivspinsible for it, tlu; law relat-
ing thereto having been passed during its administration.

It is said that Kiel shoidd have been tri<'d by a French Canadian or a half-breed jury,
but this ]iretention was never made by the counscd of the hulf-brecd chief. Air. Fitzpatrick
made a motion in the Court at Uegina, on the 20th July, 1880, that Kiel should be brought
before a tribunal in Upper Canada or before a regular tribunal iu British Columbia. (Kiel's
trial.) Is there any mention of a French Canadian or half-breed jury in this motion ? Not at
all. On the contrary, it is certain that in these two provinces the jury would have been exclu-
sively couiposed of En<;lish nuMubersi. It was also pretended by one of Kiel's counsel, Mr.
Lemieux, who for the purposes of the Liberal cause, displayed the bad taste, not to say the

B oau Ik» ill uiy

iilM'NKIXB:.

imimilciiro, of stating in prrwiiw of a now.spajMT rf|iort.T, tlml the Court lui.l ifl'ii.Hc I tln'iii th«
iinrMsary di'lnyH, wlicii liiH ciillij^'iK! and iissUtiiiit in tlir ciihc, Mr. Kitziiat.iick Htiitcl ut lh«
tiiiil : •' Mmj tl />li',iiii- i/nnr hiiiiDiirn. I iihsiuik! on licliiilf of tln' ili'Fi'uct! the ri'MiiniiHiliility of
nidcptiiig tilt' (liliiys wliicii tli(! Cinwii Ims iU;iiliinMl itwlf n'udy to givt. uj)." ('IVii dtiyM.) In
till' Huiuti iutervii:\v, Mr. Li'iiiieux, uioifovtn', 8tiit«8 that //"' Croirn njunfA in fini/ ihf necfHtory
( ifK'iws to lirini) Dr. //onutnl, <i n/iffiii/ist whit hiiil Ireali'il liifl nl tiiiium /'oiiilr A'li/iini, ytt
I,,' roul'l not III! ii/iioiuiiif »/ tht) ti'lt'f,'iaiiliio coiT<'8l)0ii<lt!ii('t! which took liliiru witli tho
Aliiii.stcr of JuHticc.

Dr. Howard ifJmi'H to Uan- {^') inilenn hf m /inni jJ'iU;) (/'>//•;(, n'iH l/n- ronimi.t /or l/ie de-
fence accept another witntm, or will I /ni/ giich /mm and geiul thi» ow '

ALKXANDKU (AMl'l'.KLL.

To tliis tt;lt'grnm the oouiittfl fui' Uid scut the foHowiiig reply : —

'• '/'/*■; di'/rnc" (/')/'» not fr/nt't tfi'' Crown lo pai/ siicli ./'"".'*. I'trnti" inl< i-\n Ih . Il<)witr<l
llidt he need not voinc if hf's not nodji to com/- /or thc/r,K nUonvil //// hiir,"

We lire iistonishi'd at weeiiii,' ii luwycr who duri-w, with a lull kimulcd;.,'!' of the ftiutK,
iilliiin the eoutnvry of what is tnie, ami even if such a course were lulopliMl i.i the interest of
a jiolitical |iarty, it deserves to Ixi stigulllli^'l■d. .,.* ,,

lUit it is useless lo insist on this [loint; wi; will i,'ivi' proots whieh our op|Hiiiriits V.iiiiioS
ehallenj,'!'. ^^

The h'lider of the Opposition, ^Mr. Blak'-, stated at London i^Oiitarioi in .Tnuiury
last :— _

" I believe thitt it; is right to Riiy that, in my opinion, the Clovernineiit ,ii|id wisi'ly in
defrayiuf,' tin: exnenseH in bringing the witnesses for the ih'f.'uee ; and from wiiat I know of
the prineiiKil coi . > ' for the Crown, I am ronviiieed that it is imi)ossilile that the ease wits so
eonduuted that u ' injtistiee was committed towards the [irisonev, or that it was (!■ ■ I'.itoiy to
the high reputation enjoyed by the counsel for the Cinwn, or to Ihc scriou- dulii-, rjny had
to fulfil. J therefore do not rxjicss, fur the jnc'-cut, any doulit i> tu llie tuuiieas of the trial.
According to the information which I [lossess, all wws rdndiiclcd witli iMpiily."

Isthisch;ar enough '( And eviMi if ilr. Lemieux ihued to go :iga.insl. llu! stal/uienl dt tiu.-
leader of the liiberal jiarly, we would not ]ii'rniit ouim Ives to doubt that he did imt sjx-ak.
frivolously or without kuowlidge of ids subject.

The Court of l^ueen's lleneli of Mauitolm, as w. U n the (^iiieen's I'livy Citiineil, to which
appeals in the Kiel case was made, rendei'ed theii judgiiieiiL thai, the trial bad lieeii fair and
just. ' ^"'.ITO

In his address to the jury, Mr. Fii/jiatriek makes the fnlluwiiig vt.itriiK nt ;— " We see
here men who come from (he ctsl and from ihi /.ex.', //(,; tf>rtli iui</ /i' xmifli. :•> lii'u I /e <■,(,<<*.•
ol ihe Gorernmcnt. Geuilttinen, pi'miil mi' to sai/ it, i ri'ii in their pr ^'tic , //e t li,r, i muenS has
exercised a wife disrrction in their >i:lertion." ■>".'■'. ,;||jj-

Th(! Leiidnr, ijf Kegina, of the Hth August, twelve days aftfa' Kiel's cniKlemnation, wmte
the following:

*'M. j.\l. Fitzpatrick, Li'inieux and Giveushields, In fore starting for the east, called upon
Judge llichard.soii and thanked him for tlu' imiiartiality and tact whicii bad marked liis
judgments."

Not one of these gentlemen prt,tested against this news, therefore we h.ive t!n' right to
draw the conclusion that it is correct.

Lastly, we have the statement, of Kiel himself, who says ia the crurse of bis trial:

"Your honour, 1 thank the Ctairt for having postponed my trial, lirst foi' lil'ieeii days, an<l
theu for eight other days, als,. lorb iving furnished the money ne':essary bir the a]>]>e,iranee of tfe
wituesses, and at last for the impartiality yoti ha\e shown nie. Addressing the '..'.nut b.r tho
first time, it is my duty to recognize what has been done, and what might have been refused."

It seems to us that these proofs are more Liiaii sulUcient to show that the trial of Kiel^wi^s
just and eipiitabh!.

The many respites granted to Kiel have also been made use of against the Oovermneut'H
action in executing the hall-breed chief; but h't us not forget that the Urst ressitr w.:s grantcii
to allow the prisoner to bring his case before the <ihieen's Bench Court at .Mamt.ilia; the second
to give him tiuu; to go before the Privy Council; the third was asked for i'V his lawyers, asking
for a medical commission.

The Lil)erals declare that after these respites Kiel should not have been executed. S. They
are simply reproaehiug the Government with having given too much latitude to the defence.

AN ECHO FROM THE BATTLE FIELD.
( /'rotii If l''i>nni':T de Slierl.rooke.)

Our <:<»rri>4|i(.iii|i-iit V/'ril'i', now travi-lliuj,' (UcrcM the w<-st(M-n ffcfion, and intending to
rf'fMfli VdiiCKiivnr, in til'- M"iin:li fur (locuinnntrt, fur an iiiiporfeint work on this part of the
WMiiilry, lifiM kiixlly tnitihrnilti-il to UHthefi/Uowiiig iiotcH, dated from Batochc, now famous for
Ui. I.atll.' i,i'[.h<- I'itli Miiy, IHHf),

Kiii)wiii(^ till- lii;^li and honourable fh.inKiter of this eonespondeiit, we do liot hesitate to
gimrantfie tiie HKiUitnutw of llic fullusving information.

]]atoche, 11th Xovember, 1886.

My l)i'(ir I'ioii ijci

I hiive iiiiivi'ij lit \.Uv r.itiious PHt.ihliHhniciit of I'latnc he, after iiaviug trnvelhd five days by
mail e,oai:li, iilwiiyn fullowinx tlie route <if (Jcncnil MidUeton in his nuuch towards the theatre
of till' iuHurri'i'lion.

TiiiM eouhtiy is very little Ketthid, and settlements are scarce on the road, except some
inili'M iirouud liatoche. Here there is a good settlement.

We took ilinner with a half-br.-ed farmi-r eomproniised in the last rebidlion, who is settled
on the banU of th" SaHkatehewan river. This good inim and his family have been full of
good will towaids mh-, jiud made every cllbrt they could to lie agn;ealjle to me.

Hatoelii^ is a liui' roimtry and no one would tliink it iiad been th<' .seat of a battle. To-
day lieing Sunday, I iuive bet.-n wondiu'ing at the piioplo going to church. They were dressed
with tnnti' iind were so good lonkiug, and seemed to be so happy and contented, that I thought
mysidr in one oj our <'iiu:Mlian |i;irisiies in Mcaui'e (bounty.

Till' hiniiigi'M dune liy the war are neiuly ;dl re])nired. M.niy half-breed dwellings that
jind hi 'in liuuiliariled >iud buined.l>y (ieneral iMiiUUelou hsive been rei)uilt.

Ill tiilking witii the settlers and half-breeds, 1 was astonished at the unre.serve witli
whiili they tilk of IJiel ; but no one found he suffered unjustly. They say he undertook a
liisk wliiiii would have miule him a. iiero, if he had sucvieeded, but they always expected that
in ense uf uoii suoess, he would lie executed lor his violation of the law.
Tlicio is not a hidf-bi—,d lu're who believes that Kiel was insane.

They say that tliis rising of the North-West inhabitants had been prejiared and instigated
by Kiel men during his stay in the United States. It is admitted here that Kiel, living in the •
\Vesteni part of .Mimtuua, was in eonst!>nteonnn>niieatiou with the half-breeds and the Indians
of tile N 01 1 h- West, and caused them to believe that, at a ]uoper lime, 1h! would come back and
take iigiiiu from whiti'ineu the liuuls they hail us\irped. The half-breeds generally, were
»<xiM'i'ting this wiili im|iatienee, hoping that in hindering the colonization of the country they
wnul I rcj^iiiu theii' ol I life of hunters o\i'r these uninhabited plains.

Hui now that Kitd iias i)een viuniuished and sutlcrcd the punishment impo.sed l)y the law,
fhev consider this t»^ be the inevitable consetjeuce of his nonsense, and it is really astonishing
to ^ee the little regaid tliey have tor him.

' hail also oeoasiim to ein|uire about those famous grievances of the half-breeds ; and I
talked of these to many of ttiem. I especially euipured if it was the ease that they had been
exi'dhnl or thre.itencd with exjaiision fron\ tlicir lands for the benefit of colonization com-
panies. Such a thing never hap}H'ned them. In listening to those half-breeds give the lie
so tvnumllv to the stones that 1 r 'ad in the Kress of the Krovinee of Quebec, 1 hanliy believed
luy ears. Vo\» could »>btain a great numlvr of certificates from these brave jieople, in support of
the iuforn\:Uion that I now transmit to vou.

"VERITAS."
CORRESPONDENCE.

Piiuce Albert, N.W.T., 1st December, 1885.
J\» tht tii <<>j t>' liie t'iim^t'r:

IX'av Sir, — Simt? y«.»u umnifest a desiiv to have the fullest iuformatiou in connection with
the tvH> JaMu>us jvKlllou which atH cted our territories last year, I transmit to you a ftw more
ft'miM'ks, in the hoi>?> that they will stMve to make things eleurt>r, and to destroy prejudice.

I have iv*d lately, the letters of Philipfv viaruot, hs they were publisheii in the Eteniard of
tht* -Ist Septeui'.HMr ami 4th iK'tolvr last. N>»ither in the one uor m the other is there a word
Oif t'XIijitnHttvH) as tv> the r>al <t»«ses of the r»»volt. It is eurioius enough that this bra re Philippe
Uamot, oif whom the Kielisr» i»fQueb<i' have wish^^l to make an iustrameut, does not enter
i»t0 tht>exi»*»s»tiow ot tae grievamvf, i*ud espe<iaUy has not noted with any precision th<»e
««!»^ Oif jofrsiei'mi^Y^i of whioU the half-brve-is werv the victims. If, as uur newspapers have

U.)

1)Rcn crying out for a year,- cort.iiii half-breeds wmv, ejected from their lands, or threatened with
heing fio, for the profit of sptjunlators, it wouUl liavc been easy to give the names of sucli lialf-
breeds, and the descriptions of tiieir lands. Not only has this point not been touched on, but
not a single dearly deiined grievance has been pointed out. What then were the causes of this
rebellion which party spirit endeavours to excuse ?

J liave just been visiting the districts of Oarleton, Stobart or Duck Lake, St. Laurent,
Biitoche and Fish Creek. 1 njixed everywhere with the hidf-breiul colonists I talked with
tlieni, I interrogated them, and I have nowhere found a single case, uorhwrd tlie mention of a
single case, where a single colonist has been expelled, thicateued, or disturbed by the Govern-
ment.

I may tell you that 1 have even been astonished at not discovering, at least, some rare acta
of grav(! persecution, after what I had r'.-ad in the newspapers, and the echoes from the
hustings which had reached me.

The only complaint I heard formulated, was ngainst the slowness of the Government in
granting tha scrips or titles to the lands (daimed by tlie hall-breeds, and also against the tax
imposed for cutting wood.

And 1 only found two persons who complained of this alfair of the wood cutting. One of
these persons had paid, in all, .fO.,'iO of taxes, and the other had entirely neglected to pay any,
and had, notwithstanding, never been troubltnt or tlireatent'd with proceedings in iiny manner.
Such is the rcsiuii'; o( all the famous grievances, and I defy anyone to go tlirougii the country
as 1 hav(! done, and find more.

It is well to remember that tln^ iialf-breeds of Manitoba and the half-breeds of the
Saskatchewan are one and the sain? pi'ople, and that a large numl)er of those who inliabited
the Saskatchewan in 1885 had previously inhabitiid Manitoba, an I were there at the time of
the first rebellion 1869-70, wlieu they received the scrips or parts of lands by title of
indemnity, as first occupiers of the soil.

It is known that the greater number of these unfortunate half-breculs speculated in these
lands and afterwards sold tliem for a trifle, and pijiietrated still farther into the plains, but
always keej)ing the rem.tmbi'ance of this claim, and imbued with the idea that they were the
primitive owners of this new territory, as tliej' had been promised as owners of that of
Manitoba.

The most malign mt amongst those who remained in constant communication with Louis
Riel since his sojourn in the neighbouring country of Alontana endeavoured, — and succeeded —
in persuading the others that when the half-breeds had made a treaty with the Governmeut
in 1870, they hid ceded (nly M .uitoba, and that the half-breeds were still the proprietors of
the other territories of the Nori,h-West, and that they could obtain several millions af doUara
from the Gover '.ment, and that if the latter refused to pay it would be at the cost of milUous,
through the troubles which would follow.

There, in few words, is the true history of the causes of the rebellion.

From his retreat in Montana, Riel followed different plans of agitation, and especially in
1883, he was in comraunicatiou with the Farmers' Unions. He also followed the virulent
tone of the i^rit newspapers of Upper Canada, and the thousand embarrassments created for the
Goverunieut by the general Opposition press. He thought the moment opportune for coming
to the North- West, uud exciting them for the purpose of extorting money from the Govern-
ment, as well for the half-breeds as for himself.

Ho began by holding public meetings here at Prince Albert, and in each of the other
settlements, n .".icing covispicuous there the rights or pret-ended rights, of the people, and
getting petitio.is signed, addressed to the Government. Seeing that Kiel was at the bottom of
these requests, and kuouing his antecedents, tue Ministers would not enter into any recogni-
tion. Seeing thit, Riel became exasperated, and began to go from house to house, and to
excite the minus of the peojde, preaching to them to use force in order to obtain what he
called their rights. So great became his evil influence that the good Fathers, the priests at
each mission, became aluniK.^d, and counselled their flocks to have nothing more to do with
this movement, tor they saw that it might degenerate into open revolt and loss of life.

The eilect of t his was to check Riel for a time, but he did not consider himself beaten,
and resolved to try by a desperate effort to render himself master of the people, by drawing
them away from tiie clergy, and teaching them to despise their wise and faithful instructions.
He resolved to destroy this salutary obstacle which opposed itself to his designs.

It was then that Ik; {"osed as a prophet, as a religious reformer; tluit he played the mar-
vellous, the mystical, to seduce these poor half-breeds, full of faith, but ignorant and super-
stitious.

Information of the agitation was soon given to the North-Wesi Police, and detachments

■PMilllilill

were sent to guarantee tlie maintenance of peace in the districts. It was in respons" to these
preventative measures that Kiel hastened his messengers to the Indian chiefs of the different
reserves, asking them to join him, and help him to seize upon the Territories. The result of
the intervention of these cruel allies is known.

Seeing the dangerous turn that events were taking, the priests began to denounce the
agitation from the pulpit, and to put the faithful on their guard against Kiel, warning them
that they were committing a great sin, and that they would be punished for it by bloodshed
and death. •

Upon this Kiel, resolved to have recourse to extreme methods. lie summoned the priests
to come to Batoche and remain there, seeing that their teaching was opposed to his plans, and
that he could not gain his (aids if they (the priests) remained' in their respective missions.
The priests refused to submit to this demand, and it was then that Kiel had them arrested
and brought by force to Batoche. Father Fourmond, Father Ougreville, Brother Piquet and
the Sisters of St. Laurent, were all deprived of their liberty, and subjected to a strict
surveillance. They were permitted to go only a short distance from the house which was
assigned to them, with the intimation that they would be shot if they attempted to escape.
. Let me relate to you the arrest of Father Tonge, as he has just relaied it to me himself.
Some days after he (Father Tonge) hed denounced the agitation from the pulpit, Kiel
came to him and announced tliat it was no longer pcrmitlcd to him to live in his mission ;
that his sermons were misplaced and prevented him (Kiel) from controlling his men, and that
he must follow him ut once to Batoche. Father Tonge replied that, in fact, he did not
preach against the revolt, an<l that he denounced it as likely to end in pillage and murder,
and tliat, in acting tlius, he was only lollowiiig the orders of his bishop and the rules of the
churcli.

Riel became excited then, and said : " / am above th-> bhhop ; you mmt yn where T ell
you ; you mint coiiw to Biitoc/ic." The lather r( plied ihat he -SAOuld not go, and Kiel said :
«' We lludl see."

The next day Father Louge was returning on horsi-back from visiting a poor sister
person in his mission, wlien three miles from his church, he met three of Kiel's men, two of
them mounted, and the third leading a carriage. They said to him : •' iVon. lUel has sent
us to look /or you, Father ; you must come to Batoche. (iit dotcu from your horse and yet into
this carriaije, and we will, return.^' lie said to thim : " I will not get into the carriaye ; I will
not go with you, and you hat>e not the right to arrext me." Thej' tried then to seize upon him,
but a vigoious cut of the whip on his horse enabled him to escape, at least for the moment,
and when once the night came he was able to enter liij house.

But Kiel (the martyr and patriot of the Liberals) did not consider himself conquered.
Learning of this failure fjom his co-religionists, he hired a larger number of more determined
ones. Tlie next morning iive emissaries of Kiel presented themselves at the priest's house,
and summoned him, by authority of Kiel, to go to Batoche, saying that they had a formal
order to make him a prisoner. He replied that he would not follow them, and that he was
certain they would not use violence against a minister of the ehurch. They replied that they
would not use violence it he woidd give himself up without resistance, but in case of refusal,
they haveiiisiruetions to bind him, and to lead him, at the same time exhibiting a rope which
had been given them to tie him with, in case of refusal on his part. | i,

Ail ! Unhappy agents of a sacreligious tryaiit. This miserable Kiel, in his obstinacy and
culpable blindness, had given you a rope to garotte a minister of Jesus Christ, an apostle
devoted of the gospel, a model of charity and devotion. This heinous crime on the part of
Riel filled tlio. measure of his iniquities. This rope, which he employed for using violence to
one of the anointed of the Lord, was to become the instrument of his chastisement, and the
means of expiation of his scries of crimes and injustices. Kiel employed a rope, and he was
to perish by the rope. When Kiel, on the scaffold at tlie point of being hurled into eternity,
asked the forgiveness of all whom he hud molested, tlie memory of this poor missionary, so

sorely persecuted, m\;st have conn- vividly to hii> mind.

ri'^'d

Father Tanze, finding himself alone ogoinst five, ended by constituting himself their
prieouer and following tluvn to Batoche. On his ar.ival at Batoche, Kiel came to him and
said : " Wetl, Father, you have arrived. Yo". can ntt here in Jail liherty, but if you try to
escape you will be ."hot by the Indnni guards." It is thus that these good fatheis, as well as
the Sisters of Charity, were violently taken away from their good works ami pious devotions
by the orders of him whom the Liberals have the audacity to cite as having represented the
Canadian and Cliristiau Spirit of the IS'orth-West.

Time fails me to relale to you all the insults, all the outrages committed against tho
priests, against tlie religions women, against peaceable citizens by Kiel's men, and especially

enounce the

l)y the savages. Those human-faced monsters, called to the help of the enterprise of the
rebellious chief. Ah ! Compatriots of tlie Province of Queuec, if you were to come and
spend one or two days in tliese parts, you would, on your return, hasten to tiirow into the fire
those portraits and busts of Kiel, the martyr, tlw patriot, which have been distributed among
you by demagogues clever in deceiving you, demagogues who, like Kiel, are ready to do
anything in order to gain their ends.

When one thinks of what has happened in these parts ; when one collects at the very
places the recitals of the. crimes committed by the half-breed chiefs and his followers, and
when one thinks at the same time of the Liberal Press, which has, for a year, designated as
villains, those who would not venerate Kiel of holy and glorious memory, one asks one's self
how far political folly can conduct its victims.

As for tht insanity of Kiel, it does not seem to exist except for the Grits of Quebec, for
the Half-Breeds here, who have seen him and known him for months, wlio were his admin-
istrators, his companions in arms, all tell you that he was perfe(ttly s(jnnd in mind. Some among
them hearing it said, however, that in the Province of Quebee it iias been tried to make him out
ii\sane, say sometimes : " It is ponsilile that he was insane during the troti/iles, for it was ditfi-
cult to suppose that a man nj judgment could be so thoroughly wicked as he was.^ ' That is wliat
some of the Half Breeds declared to me in reply to observations which I made ou the pretended
insanity ot Riel.

One word more to ray French Canadian fellow-citizens wlio have let themselves be led
into a so-called National movement, under the j)retext that Kiel hatl becm executed because he
belonged to the French race. This is a huge piece of humbug, invented by chailataus and
.speculators in patriotism. You will not get a Half Breed of this country to believe that Uiel
was executed because he belongiid to the French race. On the contrary, they will tell you
that Riel made them rise against all the Canadians in general — the French Canadians as well
as the others — and that he called these last " rascals " on more than one occasion. For the
rest, the Half Breeds tell you that Kiel was of Irish origiii rather than French. I was much
surprised to hear this on all sides in this district. His grandfather was an Irishman, and his
father was known under the apiH'llatiou of Kiel of Ireland. It is true that he had French
blood, but it was from his mother only. It was the Irisli blood, and the sav.age blood, which
swayed him. Besides, I remember having read a notice in this sense, written by our celebrated
archeologist. Men. I'Abbe Tanguay, but at that time I did not pay much attention to it.
Whether Kiel was Irish, Frencli, savage, or no matter what, this did nothing for his cause
before the jury, but it is important enough to iiace his origin, from the moment wiien it was
attempted to be made a national question as regards his execution.

J ask those who wish to rep'esent Kiel as a patriot to come ami go through the different
theatres of the last rebellion, and to contemplate the desolation which lie has caused among the
poor half-breeds. Tliey should talk, as I have just done, with the widows of the victims of this
autocrat, — whose w,nd was law. They .should see the tears of a poor widow tlowing, like the
one I tried to comfort the day before yesterday, weeping over the death of a ])eh)ved husband,
the sole support of five unfortunate children, devoted to jnisery. Tluy should see these poor
little orphans, tht ir faces pressed to tlie windows to see us pas.s, exhibiting their figures thin
from privation, and their elotiies in rags. When one enters these abodes, formerly prosperous
and now desolate, in spite of tin; succour receiv(Hl from the Government, one feels tliat one is
in the presence of misfortune, and of ulcerated hearts.

I saw a poor woman at Fish Creek who ha I two sons killed at Batoche, and two others
badly wounded. Her children wi're forced by the orders of liiel to take up arms, and she, like
many olhers, weeps over the. tonilis erec' d by tliis uiihapi)y rebellion.

Compatriots of Quebec ! if you have real sympatliy for the half-breeds scud your offerings
to these nlaees. It is here that are real victims deserving of your sym))athies, your help, and
your alms. Ccme to the aid of the.se good missionaries who do so much to relieve these poor
half-breeds, and raise them from ruiu.

If the chief of the pretended National partv, Mr. Laurier, were to visit these districts in
person, if he were to talk with the pe.-.itle, if he were to study the ravages caused by the in-
surrection, if he were to take note of tlie declarations so spmitaueously made by the victims he
would blush for the injurious work which he has not feared to undertake among his com-
patriots in his ambition to attain to power.

If all the good and loyal Canadians, who, in ignoraiu'c of the facts, and under the shade
of a surprise hypocritically arranged by intrigum's, allowed themselves to be drawn, after the,
16th November, 188;"), into a movement so much the more dangerous because it was clothed
in the a])i)earance of generosity and ])atriotism, if, 1 say, all these Canadians were to come
here to judge for themselves, tliey would return, as I myself returned, shaking their heada

and moditatiug what a iloplonblfi thing it is to form too hasty jiulginents, and to ilecido, with-
out taking time to inform one's self conectly.

'i'o letuiii to the hitters of Philippe Uarnot, it is to he remarked that this Garnot was,
liiniself, one of the i)rincipal rebels wlio owes his actual liberty only to the clenienuy of the
authorities with regard to him. In writing as he does at this moment h<! is only seeking to
justify his antecedents. This proves what I have, besides, .stated myself (and I warn the
Government of it), that if the rebellion has been crushed and its chiefs punished, there are
still bad eleUKMits in the midst of this population, some wicked heads into which the writings
iu the op|'0.sition newspa^le^s, and the IJielist excitement in Quebec, might put bad designs.

It is true that the mass of tiie rebids were led by force to take up arms, but apart from
that there is a large nnmb(a' of bad yubjccts, who conspired with Kiel long before the events
of 1885, and who helped their chief to'pi<'P"'''i ^^^'o^*^" <'vents. There are thus bad elements
still in these jiart.s, and W(^ must not be a-tjuished if the Liberals recruit thence some
accomplices to aid them in warping public opinion.

It has been said that the execution of Kiel was useless, and that his im[iri8onment for
life would have sutticied for the ends of justice. The opinion of the half-biceds liere is, in
general, much opposed 'to this pretension. Apart from tho.se who irrre his ((t/ents, hix
accomjdices iniJ agiiociatea in (reiiifon, all tell yon that he deserved his sad fate, that if he liad
been simply incarcerated his friends would liave made constant etl'orts to obtain his pardon,
and that this prospect of seeing Kiel return, some day or other, would have kept in fear these
who had been against him, as well as the peaceful colonist in general.

I beg you to excuse the length of these remarks. May they serve to destroy pn-judice.

"VEIUTAS."

TESTIMONY FROM DAKOTA.

The following letter from Mr. Aiuho Martineau, of Dakota, to his brother in Ste.
Edwidge, Quebec, throws a clear light on Kiel's motives and actions: —

St. Joe, Pembina County, Dakota, Jan. 6th, 1587.

Ykry Dear Brothkh, — I avail myself of the first moment to answer on the subject of
Kiel, and particularly to tell j-ou what 1 know of his jiretended insanity ; for I understand
this to be the principle end of yi ur enijuiry.

The information that 1 can give, concerning Kiel, is founded upon long conversations
that I had with him, and the daily observations I naturally was able to make during the
four or five mouths that he, as you know, passed with me. We conversed together very
often and at lengih, after his arrival iu the United States, following the rebellion of 1870. 1
remember that on one occfusion he set himself to look at me fixedly, and to demand of me
what I thought of him, of his past life, and especially of the iusanity attributed to him by
certain people in Canada. I answered that I did not believe that he had ever been insane,
and upon that he explained to me how often and for what reasons he had pretended, on
many occasions to be mad, for the purpose of better attaining his ends and foiling his enemies.

He attributed the commencement of all the troubles, in 1870, to the Hudson's Bay Com-
2>any, who governed then the North- West and exercised a monopoly of trade. His aim was
to get restored to the Metis the wealth in his opinion, unjustly accumulated l)y the Company.

From all that 1 have known of him, I believe that Kiel sincerely wished the welfare of
the Metis ; but never in my life will any one make me believe that he was mad, and no
person in Montana, where he afterwards lived, could be got to say seriously that Kiel had ever
been a madman.

During the stay he made with me, I never nnderstood that he dreamed of making an
appeal to arms, ind I think that if the (government had not refused to pay him the money
that he claimed from them, h<^ would not have committed tht; excesses that are well known.
His case was net made nmch of, and it w.as this v Inch led to the troubles.

When Kiel left to go to the North- West of Canada, he was confident of succeeding iu
getting a large sum of money paid him by the Government. He owed me, poor fellow, a
sum of $l8r)..'(0, and he reckoned on the success of his mission to enable him to pay me as
well as many otheis ; for he was ovw" head aud ears in debt.

Jn conclusion, 1 wish you every kindot prosperity for the New Year and remain,

Your devoted brother,
(Signed,) ANDKE MARTINEAU.

le, with-

in Ste.

A MISSIONARY'S TESTIMONY.

Lkitk-k from Rev. Fatjuiu Touze.

The Rev. Fatlier Touze ia one of the ohhist missioiiavies in the North-West, wliore he luvs
exercised his ministry iuiionj,' th.; Metis ami IiKliaiis for more than twenty years. He was on
the spot dining tli(i Kiel insurrection and saw witti ids own eyis wliat took place. He is,
tiutrefore, an irrel'ntabh; witness.

Stobart, Duck Lake, Nov. 22nd, 1886.

D(!ar Sir,— Yon have asked nif for my opinion regardiiif? this too famous agitation, wlacii
has been stirred up by certain yiarties in Canada. ! am not mueli in tlie habit of writing nor
liave I much ability that way, but I will comply witli your re(|Uest, hoping tiiat my fraukiiess
and simplicity may not be unworthy of att( ntion, and, in the iirst ]>laci', ]iermit me to say tliat
however charitable, well-disposed or syinpatiietic I may be, 1 iind it diflicult, not only to
explain, but to excuse this agitation — rather, this madness, which has l>roken out and still
continues in connection with tlie execution of Uiel. It is all the mon.' inexplicable that it is
the effect of a contrai'- ;tion of the most obvious cliaracter. Tliose same Lii)eral3 said during
the trial and U]) to vny e\e of the exe(uti>)n, that tlie (ioverniiient wouhl not have the
courage to fidfil its lUuy towards Ki(d, and that, though the latter had abundantly merited tlie
jienalty of death he woidil not have to submit to it. liut, contrary to their expectation, the
Government, having exiiausted all its patienct; and long sulfering and given Kiel eveiy faiiility
for pleading his cause b\' allowing liim aciu-ss to other courts ol' justice, ]iermittcd the sentence
pronounced against him by the higher court and conhrmed by the superior courts, to lie c!irrie<l
out. Then it was that those same Liberals, wishing in any event to harass the (.jovernuient
and to oveithrow it, if possible, changed their cry and ever sinci- Inivr raised their voices
against tli ■ tiovernment for executing Kiel, because, as they urged, he was a French half-lireed
and a Catholic.

The f^uestion may bt^ asked whetlnu' r!i(d was not all that during his trial and before his
execution, end tin; answer must be in the afiliMnative. And those Liberals were tlien, :is now,
the enemies not only of the Government and Sir John, but also of Kiel and those very persons
whose protectors they pretend to be to-diiy. 1 do not think that ever, in any eou-itry, wns
there a political agitation analogous to that wliich tliey are now carrying on. That for a just
siiitence legally (;nforced, and which it was tlie clear duty of the Executive to enforce, people
should, at the instigation of shameless politicians, and without taking time to reileet, bhinie
in chorus what they had every reason to a] tprove, is certainly diflicdt to explain. Others
before me have matle the same remark. I will repeat it, and 1 appeal to all honest Canadians,
to all loyal citizens and good Christians, who, if like me, they had seen and hcird all that
went on in the North- West, would carefully refrain ♦iom joining a clinue wliose aim has l.een
to falsify facts for the success of their Jiarty and themselves. If those ]ieople really loved the
Metis, if they had at heart the interests of French Canadians and Catholics, their conduct, J
feel assured, would be very ditferent. I would like; to beliexe that it is well with Kiel, but if
God had mercy on him and gave him a place in the house of His glory, why slionld tliose who
pn'tend to lov'(; him labor so strenuously to disturb his peace iMid to tarnish his joy? if, on
the other hand, his soul was not suliiciently purilicfd for such bliss, and he still groans in the
place of sulfering and expiation, let us in silence aid him with our prayers. And as for his
compatriots, his kindred, his friends, tlie entire nation of the Metis, surely it would be render-
ing them a greater service and setting them a better example 1 1 let them forget a proceeding
of which the justice cannot be disputed.

The sad events of the spring of 1885 have had results sufficiently unhappy. The imnie-
diate and later consecpiences of the rebellion were .painful enough without seeking to add to
them. Enough evil has been done already without tlie attempt to do more. Without
exaggeration 1 Can aver that the continuous agitation in Canada is ]»roduc;ing the worst effects
here in tl'c North- West. The wounds already inflicteil were .severe enough. Why tlien t(!ar
them open and lacerate them afresh ? The greater number of my people who shared in that
deplorable rebellion were surprised into it— were led astitiy in spite of themselves. What is
necessary now is to redeem them from the results of so grievous a mistake. At first the task
was possible and even easy, but the agitation in Quebec has made it more and more arduous,
30 that now the work of jcconciliation has become almost impossible.

In conclusion, I beseech you, my Oana.lian fellow-countiymen, if, as you say, you love the
Metis, work no longer against their dearest interests, but, on the contrary, iielp us, by your
calmne s, bv vour i-u-t .111)11 i.ision t>^ (!st:<bUshed a•.■thcri^y; 'o undo what has been nustakeiiiy

dono, to restore wliiit has 1>een irnpaircd. T.mve our ppoplo ir poace and triiiiquility of mind,
whicli thfy so nuioli iieeil to roi'ovcr from the disastt-rs into wliicli Kiel's unluippy rebellion
plungtnl tliem. With n;y best wishes,

1 remain, dear sir, your obedient servant,

Ls. TOUZE, priest, G.M.I.

LETTER OF ARCHBISHOP TACHE.

No man living understands tlie affairs of the North-West bett<!r than His Grace Aroh-
bisl ip Taclie, and no man's anthoiity stands higher. We have, therefore much pleasure in
yxv -iliiiig the following letter:

Ottawa, 13th March, 1886.
To Jiix Lordship Mi/r. Jjitilcdip, IHkIiop of T/irre Hi vers :

My l.oiu) AND Veiiy Di'.ar FuiKNi). — I am on<-e more at Ottawa to continue working
there in the interests of our dear ])opulation. The tiniihle crisis in our North-West, the
deplorable occurrences that have taken place there, and their sad consequences, all cause me
the greatest pain. I frequently say to myself ; • Why was I not forewarned of all this ? You
easily understand the ell'cct produced amongst the French d(degation by the Landry motion.
Alas, why must party spirit ever dominate every other sentiment ? I see men whom I know
have not the slightest interest in or regard for oiu' people, for our dear half-breeds, who never-
theless are di-.playing an apparent zeal which but imperfectly conceals the true motive of their
conduct. For the same reasons and with the same aspirations they are playing the counter-
jiai-t of what was done in 1873 in North-West affairs on the fate of the unfortunate victims
that wen; sacrificed to vengeance, or that they pretend to protect according as it suits their
purpose.

On the other hand there are certain men— I remark with pleasure that we have a certain
number of sincere men — who entertain a true desire to defend and aid our population, even
were it necessary to iver their party ties, separate themselves from their natural allies and
lifelong friends. As ou may imagine people are anxious to know my opinion. My sole
object, my only thought in all this is one thing : the happiness of the people to whom I have
devoted my (-xistence. What should be done to insure so desirable a result ? There naturally
lies the difficulty. Several members of Parliament, who are my friends, have put the ques-
tion squarely to me thus : " Should wc overthrow the Government ?" After mature delibera-
tion 1 felt bound to answer ; ** <S(/(7i w not mi) opinion. The overthrow of a government ia
not always a nnnedy for evils which M'e deplore for fault? committed. In 1873 the Govern-
ment vas overthrown on the amnesty (question. And wliat was the result ? Simply that harsh
treatment replaced weakness. The new Government decreed and assured ihe outlawr}',
imprisonment, s(!ntence of death and exile of the chiefs, and for the others an amnesty, a
parlial amnesty which had been offered to us before, and which we had declined. Are the
men wlio did all those things tne only friends of half-breeds ? Must we sacrifice everything to
place our destinies in their liands ?"

A third party is being formed. I know the loyalty and goodwill of those who form part
of it. They are sincere, but will they be able to attain their object by rupturing their pre-
sent alliances? Can they hold aloof from all alliance, and will the new alliance insure the
happiness of the people of the North-West ? I do not believe it.

If the present Government wislies to profit by its experience — I may say it without
hesitation — if they will piotit by their mistakes, they would be much more ready to do good
than otlii'rs who have not the same data, than other men who, even weru they well disposed,
would have to grope about before being aide to seize the situation, the inconveniences that
surround it, an(l the remedies to lie applied. T-et tlie pen^onnc.l of the employees in the North-
West be modified. Let the natural rights of a people that were taken uiuiwares in their own
land be recognized. Let the half-breeds and the Indians be treated as any other people placed
imder the same circumstances would wish to be treated, and there will be no need for political
revolution. 1 have, therefore, felt it my duty to state to the friends who have consulted me
on this subject that if th(nr political sympathies are in favour of the present Government,
they could, without declaring tiu'ras<dves tlie enemies of the North-West or its people, vote
nr^in^t the Landry motion, which was simi)ly one of want of confidence ; but that they should
■> ulind partisans, but insist upon liaving the grievances so often set forth, redressed and
■<- v.- V/.",u,tion granted for the losses resulting from the delay in rendering justice. Speaking

•3 l>ovcniu;eut, I used to my friends the well known expression : Let them be converted
I ii , .

lility of mind,
iiippy rebellion

t, O.M.I.

Grace Arch-
il pleasure in

h, 1886.

mie working
tli-West, the
all cause me
(this? You
dry motion,
hom I know
p who never-
tive of their
the counter-
late victims
t suits their

ve a certain
lation, even
1 allies and
'• My sole
lom I have
e naturally
t the ques-
'e delibera-
ernment is
lie Govern,
that harsh
outlawry,
mnesty, a
• Are the
rything to

form part
their i)re-
iisure the

t without
3 do good
disposed,
iices that
le North-
heir own
le placed
political
ilted me
irument,
pie, vote
Y should
5sed and
ipeaking
)n verted

lated. Naturally thisletter is not fo^t i! m bli^^ I assume and the opinion 1 have formu-
I have expressed my opinion sCu 11 enn of; s,dn.?'i ''"''' \{ ^'^"' ""' ^^'''' *" ^''^'^
authori:.'.. you to communicate to hem tC ett^.- S ''llnir '^''Z^''''T'^ '"y views, I
ownjui iication. '' '""^ ^ authorize thorn to use it for their

to do anything that in ray 1,^^310 on is oS'T" °^ ^"^'""'^ t*''°^" '"^^^^^^^ ^'
not think as we do do a part orwhat we h ive LT i ''" ''^'^^'^"^Se. Let those who do
therighttobeastoundedVthe^lulJcfCe^^^^^^^^ *'-^ -^3^. -^^ they have

hearts\o\S oS?r oifSe^litieSs that't ' /'1^ '''' ^"'^ "^ ""'f'- '"''^'^ ^ ^^ "P- --
have dreamt four years r-'^^Sen \t this se^^^^^^^^^^ '"'^ '''^''''' "^- ^^h" would

Crosse, that we should see wl a ve have si, i tl ' ^' T'l? I'^-^P-^^-'S *» l<''we for Isle a la
we ha;e been so sorely. Let u' bow ' o the vil Tn''-'''^*''''/'^ '^'"''^'^ ^'''' ^^"'^ ^ried as
forthegriefthey havLaus ^us^ a bomuT oletl^^^^^^ "'^"'' 'l^^?' ^'^''^^

one for the othe, so that one da,' wc may enjoX Tl^^^^^^^ unKy^S:'^' '"' "^ ""'''

A true copy.

Your devoted and sincere friend,
t ALEX.,
Arch, de St. Boniface, 0. M. I.

t ALEX.,

Arch, de St. Boniface, O.M.L