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Tub Peter RedpAtii Museum, the gift of the donor whose name it bears, was announced by him as a donation to the University in 1880, and was formally opened TO the Public, August, 1882. * ♦ * i PRINTED FOR THE UNIVERSITY. 188 5. INTRODUCTORY. The Plan of the Peter Redpath Museum, and the general arrangement of the Collections, may be stated as follows : 1. The Collections in Botany are contained in the room on the ground floor, at the right-hand side of the main passage from the entrance (see page 13). 2. Ascending the main staircase at the right-hand side of the entrance, the visitor first reaches a vestibule in which are Archcco- logical Collections, and large slabs of fossil footprints. Passing from this he enters the main floor of the great Museum Hall, on either side of which and along the centre are arranged the Collections of Fossils, which are placed primarily in the order of geological time, from the older to the newer formations, and subordinately to this in the order of Zoological or Botanical classification. This arrangement enables the visitor or student either to see the general order of suc- cession of animal and vegetable forms in the geological history of the earth, or to trace any particular group of animals or plants through the several geological formations. At the extreme end of the Hall are placed the collections of Minerals and Rocks, arranged in regular series to facilitate their systematic study. 3. A-scending a second flight of steps, the visitor enters the gallery of the great Hall. Here the Collections in Zoology are placed, the Invertebrate animals in the table cases in regular series, begin- ning with the humbler forms, and the Vertebrate animals in the upright cases in similar order. More detailed notices of the Collections will be found in the following pages. Peter Redpath Museum of McGill University. GUIDE TO VISITORS. J^AIU FLOOR OF yVLuSEUM. [This consists of the ante-chamber at the head of the first flight of stairs wliich is devoted to Archfeological and Palncontological specimens, and the, principal Museum Hall, in which are the collections in Paleontology, Lith- ology and Mineralogy.] I. ARCH^OLOGICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS IN THE ANTE-CHAMBER AT HEAD OF THE STAIR. Cases on left-hand side and opposite stairway. These contaia the following collections : — Objects from the Queen Charlotte Islands and British Columbia— (loan col- lection of Dr. G, M. Dawson and Dr. R. Dawson) — including many interesting carvings and articles of domestic use and ornament of the West Coast Indians. Collection of Antiquities from the site of Hochelaga, the predecessor of Montreal, visited by Cartier in his second voyage, (j. w. d.*) Stone Implements and other objects from pre-historlc sites in Canada and elsewhere. Collection of Skulls representing the principal races of men. Objects collected by Rev. Hugh Robertson in the New Hebrides Islands. Collections from Pre-historic caves in the Lebanon and stone implements from Egypt (j. w. d.) The oldest of these collections belong to Palaeo- cosmic men, contemporary with the woolly Rhinoceros and other extinct animals whose bones and teeth are found among the debris of the repasts of this primitive people. Collections to illustrate the various rocks and useful ornamental stones employed by the ancient Egyptians, and their modes of working these materials, (j. w.d.) Miscellaneous Archaeological specimens from England, the Canary Islands and elsewhere. ♦ In the following pages the collections of Sir Wm. Dawson, presented by him to the museum, will usually be indicated by these initials. 3 OUIDE TO VISITORS. Wall on right-hand side. CastH of footprints of Sauropus unguifer, a Iftrgo batmchian from tho coal-formation of Nova Scotia, and of great interest as representing one of tlio oldest known reptilian animals : — Presented by the Geological Survey. Orthoceras titan, a gigantic shell allied to Nantilus, from tlie lower Silurian. F'ooti)rints of gigantic biped reptiles {lironlozoiim IIANI) HIDIC UK DOOtt. llcturning to tho front end of the room, wo And hero fine HpoolmcnR of IchthyosauTus and rtiniosauriix, from tho Lias of Htroot, In HomcrHctHhiro, England, preHontod by Mr. T. J. Claxton, alHo cftstH of HkolotonH and footprints of other reptilian aniinaJH of tho "Ago of lleptiloH." Tho cast of a paddlo of I'liosaurm fihows tho great dimensions of Homo of tho marine roptileH of this period. TAHLK AND Ul'UUlIIT CASKS AT LEli'T-HANI) HIDE OF HALL. [ThcBO contain tho fossilH of tho Mcsozoic and Tertiary PoriodH, arranged parallel to those of tho older formatlonfi on tho other Hide, and aHcending from tho Trias to tho Modern. Many fino Hpcciraens recently added to these collections aro the gift of J. H. II. Molson, Esq.] Seventh Table Case. Triamc and Liassic. On ono side aro fossils of the Trias, or new red sandstone, including reptiles, fishes, sliells, plants, &c., and on tho other those of tho Lias limestone and shale, rich in Ammonites and Belemnites, and other forms of molluscan life, and abounding in reptilian remains. Most of tho fossils in this case are European, but there are .some interesting specimens from the Trias of New Jersey and Prince Edward Island, and a collection of casts of re- markable reptiles from South Africa, presented by the British Museum. Also, a cast of the skull of ono of the earliest known Mammalia. In tho upright case fronting tliis are some large specimens illustrating reptiles and cephalopod mollusks of the Trias and Lias. Eighth Table Case. Jurassic. This is the middle portion of tho Reptil- ian age, and it is illustrated not only by remains of animals of that class, but by numerous mollusks, crinoids and corals. In the upright case facing it are some of the remarkable ilying reptiles (Ptcrodaclyles, &c.), also a good head of Ichthi/osaiirus, and a remarkable ganoid fish (Dapediiis), with gigantic ammonites and crinoid. There is also a cast presented by the British Museum of tho oldest known bird (Archicop- teryx). Most of the fossils in this case are foreign. Ninth Table Case. Cretaceous. The Cretaceous system closes the age of reptiles, of which, however, some gigantic types, as Mosasaurus, still remain. It is marked by the earliest appearance of the ordinary bony and horny-scaled fishes, of which there is a fine collection from Mt. Lebanon and from England, and by the great chalk deposits, with many sea-urchins, sponges and foraminifera — the latter composing Uie greater part of the chalk. Here also are some of the earliest birds, illustrated by casts of the genus Ilesperornis of Marsh. Among the fossils in the table case are specimens from the cretaceous of British Columbia, pre- sented by the Geological Survey, and from Palestine and Egypt, (j. w. d.). Tenth Table Case. Uocene and Miocene. This introduces the age of mam- mals, and these are represented by specimens and casts of parts of the I I'ETER REDPATIl MUSEUM OF McQILL UNIVERSITY. more important forniH, Thore mh a\m collections of tlio marint! Hliullfl of tho PiiriH UiiHin, of tho French FiilunH, and of tlm Koccni) and Mioceno of tlio United StatcH. HI^uIIh of two of tlio earlicHt apcH {Ihyopithiru* and MesopithecuH) are roprcHonted by ciiHts. Tiiero it) alHO a largo coiiuc- tlon roproHonting tho Eocono of Egypt, (J. w. d.). Eleventh Table Case. PUoefine and Plnatoeene. The Plioceno ago is roprcHcntcd principally by foHHilH from tlic snb-Apponino bodn of Italy und tht! English crag. The former are interesting as having been thoHO which tirst directed attention to tho study of foRsiis in a scientitlc manner. Tho Pleistoceno is represented by Canadian cxamplcH, this formation being extensively developed in thig country. Among tho specimens aro foswil fishes of modern species from th«i nodules of Green's Creek on tlio Ottawa, and many species of moilusks, crustaceans, &c., nearly all of recent .species, from Montreal, Riviire-du-Loup and clsowhoro. Tho Pleistoceno shells, Ac, in this and tho next case am principally from tho collection of Sir Wm. Dawson, which is tho most complete in Canada, and probably in America. In one; ot tho upright cases are models of Mont Blanc and Vesuvius, illustrating glaciers and volcanic action. Twelfth Table Case, rieistocene and Modern. In this tho Pleistoceno shells &c., are continued, and there aro also specimens of Post-glacial Mam- mals from Europe, America and Australia. In this case, and one of tho upright cases, are also bo'ies of tho Moas of New Zealand, and of tho Dodo of Mauritius, which oecame extinct in modern times. In tho up- right cases, facing this and tho last case, aro bono.* of a whale found in rieistocene gravel on the Canada Pacific Railway, near Smith's Falls, Ontario, as well as casts and specimens of various extinct Pleistoceno Mammals. In one of the upright cases is a cast of the skull found with remains of the Mammoth in the Cave of Engis in Belgium, and a human skull from Illinois, said to have been found in a bed containing bones of the Mastodon. In this case are also specimens of stones and and rock surfaces, striated and polished by the ice action of the glacial period. There is also an interesting series from the celebrated prehis- toric caves of Cresswell in England, presented by Prof. Boyd Dawkins. LARGE CASTS IN THE MIDDLE OP THE FLOOR. The most prominent of these are a cast of the skeleton of Megatherium Cuvieri, an extinct gigantic sloth from the Post-glacial beds of South America, and a head and tusks of the American Mastodon. These form part of the Logan Memorial Collection. There is also a cast of the head of Dinotherium, a gigantic elephantine animal of the Miocene period. CASES OF FOSSIL PLANTS. In tho Table Cases on two sides of the main hall, outside the columns, aro collections of Fossil Plants, running parallel with the animal fossils 8 GUIDE TO VISITORS. from the Cambrian up to the Pleistocene inclusive. They are princi- pally from the collections of Sir Wm. Dawson, and include the types of many of the species described ly him. In these cases may be seen a very complete history of the vegetable kingdom. It begins with the huge lycopods, ferns, calamites, &c.'of the Pahtozoic age, which in the Carboniferous period are associated with the great deposits of coal. Followirg these are the cjcads, conifert, and ferns of the Mesozoic or reptilian age ; and the first appearance of the ordinary broad-leaved trees and the palms is seen in the middle and later Cretaceous. III. MINERALOGICAL AND LITHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. [The minerals and rocks are arranged in the semi-circular end of the Museum aud in the table cases immediately in front. The basis of the Mineral Collection is that purchased from the late Dr. Holmes, but many additions have since been made. The arrang-ement of the speciments in the fiat cases is essentially that given in Dana's Systematic Mineralogy, and the species in the upright cases correspond, as far as possible, with those in the table cases opposite.] MINERALOGY. First Table Case on the right. This contains native elements, sulphides, chlorides, fluorides, oxides, &c. There are several good specimens of native gold, one of which, from Baker's Mine, Oldham, illustrates well the mode of occurrence of gold in Nova Scotia. Native sulphur from Sicily, zinc-blende from Spain, tetrahedrite from Clausthal, and fluor- spar from a number of localities may also be mentioned. In the adjoining Upright Case to the left is a large specimen of amethyst from Lake Superior, a fine group of quartz crystals from Hot Springs, Arkansas ; bornite or horse-flesh ore from the Harvey Hill Mine, Q. ; a large octahedron of magnetite from Ontario, crystals of nyrrhotite from Elizabethtcwn, Ont. ; graphite from Buckingham, sul^iur from ''icily, as well as a number of interesting specimens of fluor-spar, pyroxene, &c. There is also a cas-t of a large platinum nugget from the Urals, and one of the " Welcome Nugget," a huge mass of gold found by a party of twenty-four men at Bakery Hill, Ballaarat, Victoria, 1858. The original was first sold in Ballaarat for i.10,500, and after being ex- hibited for some time in Mcilbourne, sold there for £9,325. Subsequently it was taken to London and melted in 1859. Second Table Case. This contains a collection of the more important varieties of quartz, and a number of anhydrous silicates, including pyroxene, amphibole or hornblende, beryl, garnet, the micas, feldspars, &c. There are here interesting specimens of uralite from Templeton Q. i of chromiferous garnet from Wakefield and Orford, Q. ; and of blue scdalite from Montreal and the Rocky Mountains. f.-V PETER REDPATH MUSEUM OF McOILL UNIVERSITY. 9 In the next Upright Case are two large crystals of scapolite from Renfrew Out., presented by Mr. J. G. Millar, mica from Grenville, Templeton, &c., and chromiferous garnet from Orford. On the shelves facing the third table case are specimens of several varieties of serpentine, and a mitten made from the fibrous kind called chrysotile, though often wrongly termed asbestus. There is also a series of specimens of apatite, a large crystal of sphene or titanite from Renfrew, Ont. ; black tourmaline from Templeton, Q. ; and pectolite from Bergen Hill, New Jersey. Third Table Case. This contains specimens of tourmaline, titanite, staurolite, and a few other anhydrous silicates, as well as a number of hydrous silicates, including talc, serpentine and the beautiful minerals known as zeolites. Of the latter there is a special collection presented by Sir William Dawson, and collected by him in Nova Scotia, where zeolites are found in great perfection. In this case are also specimens of apatite, or phosphate of lime, mostly presented by Mr. J. G. Millar, pyromorphite or phosphate of lead, &c., kc. The next Upright Case is chiefly devoted to carbonates and sulphates, and to the ditferent varieties of mineral coal. Worthy of notice here is a beautiful stalactite from the Cave of Matanzas in Cuba, presented by Mr. Peter Redpath, and the large specimens of nail-head spar (calcite) from the Mile-End quarries, Montreal. Among the coal are specimens of Cretaceous age from some of the mines of Vancouver Island, presented by the Geological Survey. A collection of Canadian marbles, the gift of Dr. Selwyn, is also placed in this case. Fourth Table Case. This contains sulphates (barite, celestite, gypsum, anhydrite, fee), carbonates (calcite, aragonite, dolomite, siderite, daw- sonite, &c.), as well at coals and related substances. The mineral daw- sonite, was originally found at Montreal, but was subsequently dis- covered in Tuscany. It is specially interesting on account of its unusual composition, being a hydrous carbonate of aluminium and sodium. A collection of phosphates from the Island ol Mona (W. I.) presented by Mr. J. G. Millar, is temporarily arranged in this case, ROCK STRUCTURES, &C. In the Upright Cases at each end of the Mineral Collection, and adjoining the PahTontological Collection, are specimens intended to illustrate peculiar rock structures, effects of weathering, &c., (j. w. d.). The case on the right contains good <3xamples of shrinkage-cracks, ripple- marks, rill-marks, slickenside, &c., while that on the left holds numerous illustrations of concretionary atruotures, contorted strata, dykes, veins, &c. LITH0L06Y. The long Table Case immediately facing the mineral collections con- tains a small general collection of eruptive and aqueous rocks. The 10 GUIDE TO VISITORS. primary grouping of the former is a mineralogical one, there being first a series of plagioclase rocks containing on the one hand augite (basalt, augite-audesite, diabase, &c.) and on the other hornblende or mica (hornblende andesite, diorite, &c.) and sub-divided into volcanic and plutonic. This is succeeded by rocks containing plagioclase feldspar and nepheline (tischenite, tephrite), and then by others in which the feldspar entirely gives place to nepheline (nephelinite and nepheline- basalt). The tischenites, nephelinites and nepheline-basalts are repre- sented by specimens from Montreal, where these rocks occur and are believed to be not later in age than Silurian. Next in order are the leucite rocks, and then follows the great series in which orthoclase is for the most part a predominant constituent, and which includes on the one hand the liparitcs, trachytes and phonolitcs (volcanic) and on the other the granites, quartz-porphyries, syenites, nepheline-syenites, &c. The last named are well represented by speci- mens from Montreal and the vicinity. The aqueous group is represented first by a series of crystalline schistose rocks (gneisses, mica-schists, hornblende-schists, talc-schists, &c.), which are succeeded by non-schistose crystalline rocks, including serpentine, crystalline limestone, crystalline dolomites, &c. ; and then follows the group of non-crystalline aqueous rocks, comprising lime- stones, dolomites, clays, shales, sandstones, &c. Among the principal donors to the above collections are Dr. Harring- ton, Mr. J. F. Torrance, b.a., Mr. J. H. R. Molson of Montreal, Professor Guiscardi of Naples, and Dr. Johnston Lavis of Naples. The second long Table Case, parallel with that just described, contains at either end special collections of volcanic rocks from Vesuvius, Monte Somma, and elsewhere. In the space between these collections will be found an interesting suite of Laurentian and Huronian rocks fiom the line of the Canada Pacific llailway, between Chalk River and Bishkoota- sing Lake, and another from the branch line of the same road between Sudbury and Algoma. The rocks of the latter series are possibly Hu- ronian, though in some respects resembling those of the Hastings series or Lower Taconlc. Both collections were made and presented to the Museum by Dr. Girdwood and Dr. Ruttan. Adjoining the above is a valuable collection of rocks from the East- ern Townships, presented to the Museum by Dr. Selwyn, and a series of miscellaneous rocks, mostly from New Hampshire. The small square Case on the right contains a collection of miscella- neous Canadian rocks which formerly belonged to Sir William Logan ; while the corresponding case on the left holds a series of Laurentian and Huronian rocks, collected by Mr. A. J. Hill, c.e., north of Lake Superior, and presented by him to the Museum. PETER RED PATH MUSEUM OF McOILL UNIVERSITY. 11 Highest or pALLERY Floor, at the head of the main Stairway. [On this floor are arranged the Collections in Zoology. The Invcrtehrate or lower animals are in the tahle cases, numbered continuously around the room, beginning on the right-hand side. The Vertebrate animals, including Fishes, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals, are in the alternating upright cases.] IV. ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. Immediately at the head of the stair on the left-hand side is a special col- lection of Canadian MoUusks (j. w. d.) mounted on glass by Mr. Currie. This is intended more especially to aid collectors in determining speci- mens found on the Canadian coast. Opposite these cases is a large glass case containing some of the larger mammals. J^ight.hand Side of Pallery. The Table Cases along this side contain the lower Invertebrates, and the Upright Cases the Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles. TABLE CASES. First Table Case. Protozoa and Hydrozoa. The Protozoa or lowest animals arc represented by specimens and magnified models of foram- inifcra and of the sponges. In the latter group there is a good collec- tion of the Canadian species (j. w. d.) and there are some interesting foreign forms as the Venus' flower basket (Euplec(ella) and the Glass- rope sponge (IJi/ulonema). On the opposite side are Hydroaoa or Polyps and sea jellies. Some of the latter are shown by glass models, and there are numerous examples of the skeletons of ths Canadian Hydroid Polyps (J. w. 1).), and some very large and fine species from California. At the end of this case is a magnificent specimen of Mtllcpora which belongs to this group. Second Table Case. Actinoids. This contains the specimens of the Mad- repores or reef-building corals, and glass models of their animals and of the allied Actiniic or sea-anemones. Third Table Case. Alcyonoids. This contains the sea-fans and gorgonias, the tube-corals and tlio red coral of commerce, a very beautiful and in- teresting group of animal structures. At the end of this and iha next tables are examples of the large sponge-like structure known as Nep- tune's Goblet. 12 GUIDE TO VISITORS. Fourth Table Case. Echimdermata. Here are the sea-stars, sea-urchins and their a,llie8. In ti,o group of crinoids or stalked star-fishes there is a fine specimen of Petitacrinus, a modern representative of many curious fossil forms. There ia also a very complete collection of the Canadian star-fishes (j. w. d.), and some large foreign species, and many very beautiful examples of the sea-urchins, and sea-slugs or holothurians. UPRIGHT CASES ON RIGHT-HAND SIDE OP GALLERY, These are occupied with the Fishes, Batrachiana, Reptiles. Among the former is a collection of Canadian Fishes, presented by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt. There is also a very complete collection of the modern representatives of the ancient mailed and pavement-toothed fishes, as Lepidosteus, Amia, Polyptetus, Ceratodus, Lepidosiren, and Cestracion. Among the reptiles are good skeletons of the turtle, alligator and snake, &c. CASES AT CIRCULAR END OF GALLERY. Eight table Cases and the intervening upright Cases are occupied with the Carpenter Collection of Mollusca, presented to the University by Dr. Philip P. Carpenter, and mounted on glass in the elegant and permanent method devised by himself. This collection is unrivalled on this con- tinent, in its extent, arrangement and richness in varietal forms. Be- sides the general collection there is a special collection of Mazatlau shells. TABLE CASES ON LEFT-HAND SIDE OP GALLERY. Returning by the other side of the Gallery, the three table cases (Nos. 13, 14 and 15), are occupied with Worme and Crustaceam. These cases include a nearly complete collection of Canadian species (j. w. d.), and a large number of rare and beautiful examples of foreign forms. The last table case contains a portion of the collections of insects ; but the greater part of his is preserved in glazed cases in the drawers below. UPRIGHT CASES ON LEFT-HAND SIDE OP GALLERY. Of these four are occupied with the collection oi Birds, representing most of the Canadian species. The greater part of these specimens belong to the McCulloch Collection, formed by the late Dr. McCulloch of Mon- treal und presented to the University by his heirs. Two upright Cases and two small wall Cases are occupied with the collection of Mammals, which as yet is small, though it is rich in skeletons and skulls of Canadian species, and contains some good examples of eden- tates, marsupials and monotremes, as representatives of fossil forms. Among the former, tl e skeleton of the three-toed sloth is a miniature of that of the great Megatherium in the hall below, and the kangaroo rat is a near relative of some of the most aucient mammals known. Speci- PETER REDPATB MUSEUM OF McOILL UNIVERSITY. 13 mens of the western black-tailed deer, Rocky Mountain sheep and prong-horned antelope, presented by Dr. G. M. Dawson, are in one of these cases, and a largo Canadian Lion or Puma, from the collection of Dr. Mcculloch. There is also a skull of the small Greenland finner whale (^Balaenoptera rostrata) the gift of Mr. P. Redpath, showing the baleen or whalebone in place. In the wall cases are skulls and a skele- ton illustrating the higher apes, and several aboriginal American skulls flOOMS ON pROUND FlQOR. V. BOTANICAL COLLfiCTIONS. The room at the right-hand side of the Main Hall entrance, contains the Botanical Collections. This includes the Holmes' Herbarium, of several hundred species of Canadian plants, presented by the late Dr. Holmes • the Macoun Herbarium, embracing a very large represerxtation of the Canadian flora, collected by Prof. Macoun and presented by the Geolog- ical Survey of Canada; and a general herbarium of about four thousand specimens from various parts of the world. In the wall Cases will be found an important collection of Canadian and Gulf States woods, which have been arranged with special reference to important economic details, such as specific grav-.y, ash percentage, relative fuel value, &c., all of which information is to be derived from the labels. Other objects of special interest will be found as follows : LEFT-HAND WALL CASES. Collection of Brazillian woods. Guarana, prepared from the seeds of PauUinia sorbilis and used for the pre- paration of a nutritious beverage by the Amazonians. A collection of Teas. The pith oiFatsia papyrifera from which the so-called Chinese rice paper is made. A very interesting figure blazed on a beech tree more than 160 years ago, as shown by the rings of growth found outside the injury. RIGHT-HAND WALL CASKS. Natural grafts in beech roots. Cloth and paper from the bark of the paper mulberry, iBroumnetia papy. CENTRE OP ROOM. ( Oreodoxa regia.) Trunk of Royal Palm of C.'^ Specimens of diseased trees. There will also bo found a considerable number of other specimens iUus- trating the various forms of plant growth and their products. REGULATIONS FOR ADMISSION. [Passed by the Museum Committee and approved by the Corporation of the University, October, 1882.] I. The Museum shall be open every lawful day from nine to five, unless when closed for special purposes by order of the Principal or Committee. II. The Principal shall have power to issue Sessional Tickets to Stu- dents. III. The Secretary shall issue Family Tickets of Admission to Gover- nors, Fellows and Professors and Lecturers of the University, and also to the Clergymen of the City, to Graduates and to Teachers of Public Schools, on their application for the same, such Tickets to be for one year from date, IV. Family Tickets for Admission for one year may be issued by the Secretary for $2.00, and a single Ticket for If 1.00 Classes from Educational Institutions may be admitted by the Principal or by the Honorary Curators, Dr. Harrington and Prof. Penhallow, on such terms as may seem reasonable. V. Incidental visitors, except when introduced by members of the Uni- versity, shall pay an admission fee of 25 cents. VI. All rights under the above rules shall be forfeited by any persons injuring the building or collections in any way. VII. The hours of lectures for Students in the class rooms of the Mu- seum, shall be those fixed by the Faculties of Arts and Applied Science,