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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmfo d des taux de rMuction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmA d partir de I'a/igle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche ii droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. rrata pelure. n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 IMi f'-f MlTCHELL^S GEOGRAPHICAL UUESTION BOOK; COKPBISIIIO GEOGRAPHICAL DEFINITIONS, AMD CONTAlNIMtt QUESTIONS ON ALL THE MAPS OF TO WBICII IS ADDED AN APPENDIX, BUBRAOINO VALUABLE TABLES IN MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. il'HILADELPHIA: AS, COWPEETHWAIT & CO. w n'% -^:y' t t G] 1^- r^ P«h .'i. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1852, by S. AUGUSTUS MITCHELL, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Eastern Dratrict of Pennsylvania. gmionraD iit j- tuiut. ^131 lo S ID the jenr 1852, by II ELL, f the Unitnd States, for isyWania. n., PEEFACB Mitchell's Geographical Question Book has been prepared, at the solicitation of many teachers, for a class of pupils who do not desire, or have not the time to go through, a work of descriptive geography. It contains geographical dcHnitions, and questions on all the maps of Mitchell's School Atlas, interspersed vith such notes and suggestions as seemed appropriate to the work. The Appendix contains a table showing the length of a degree of longitude on any parallel of latitude, and seveial tables of important facts in Physical Geography. The attention of 1 •. ^ers into whose hands the work may fall, is specially iavited to the questions on the learner's own State, page 30 ; to those on pages 63 and 64 ; and to the general questions throughout the book. -The design of these- questions is to make a practical application ^f the study of Geography to the present condition of the different countries of the world. (iii) |_ rUEFACE. In a work like a Gcograpliy, comprising such a mul- Mplicity of factfl, gathcrcl from numerous and often conflicting authorities, it would be presumptuous to say that no error exists. Those most competent to detect and remedy such errors, however, will most readily excuse them. It is respectfully suggested to any who may find a discrepancy between some authority relied on by themselves, and Mitchell's Atlas or Question Book, that the error may bo in the authority to which they have trusted. The Question Book, though it may bo used with any correct Atlas, is designed to accompany, and particularly adapted to, Mitchell's School Atlas. (1 prising such a mul- iincroua and often Bsumptuoua to eay (inpetcnt to detect will most readily ggcsted to any who mo authority relied Atlas or Question authority to which ly he used with any iny, and particularly TLAB. GEOGRAPHICAL DEFINITIONS. 1. What is Geography? A. A degcription of tbo Burfaca of the earth. 2. What is the Earth? A. A largo globe, ball, or sphere. 8. What is the surface of the earth ? A. The outside part. 4. Of what does the surface of the earth consiat? A. Land and water. 5. How much of it is laad ? A. About one-fourth. 0. How much is water? A. About three-fourths. LAND DIVISIONS, 7. What are the principal natural divisions of the land surface of the earth? MoJntrins""*'""'' ^'''""''' ^*°'°''"'''"' ^^^^^^'to. Capes, and 8. What is a Continent? A. A great body of land, contalninj; many countries. 9. How many oontinente are there ? A. Two, the Eastern and Western. Continents differ from Island, only in their much greater extent, both being entirely surrounded by water. Australia, the largest island in the world, is by some geographers considered a continent. 1 ^ (5) I I ti„_ 6 flEOdUAI'IlICAI. DKFINITIO.NS. 10. What JH a Peninsula? A. A tract of liiml nearly Hurroiimlcd by water. 11 What in an Isthuitis? A. A narrow neck of liind which join* two parti of a continent, or • peninsula to u continent. 12. What is a capo? A. A point of land extending into tho bca. A high cnpe is Homotimcs called a Promontory. The terms Point, Head, Naze, Nct<8, and Mull, also indicate a ciipo. 13. What iH a Coast, or Shore ? A. The margin of land bordering on tho water. 14. What iH a Mountain? A. A tract of land which rises considerably above the general surface. A number of mountains connected together constitute a Range, or ("hain of mountains. A tract of land higher than the general level, but of less elevation than % mountain, is termed a Hill. 15. What ia a Volcano? A. A mountain which casis out fire, smoke, and molted lava, from ita interior. 16. What is a Valley? A. A troct of land situated between mountains or hills. 17. What is a Plain? A. A portion of country nearly flat, or level. In tho United States, plains aro called Prairies ; in South America, Pampas, or Llanos ; in Europe and Asia, Steppes. 18. What is a Desert? A. A barren ploin, usually covered with eand, and destitute of vegetation and water. 19. What is an Oasis? A. A fertile spot in the midst of a desert, > i m. rioNs. (lEOORAl'HICAL DEIINITIONS. water. parts of a continent) or en. ntory. The tcmis Point, ciipo. EXEIICISES ON THK MATS. MAI' or Tim woBi,i>, NO. r. I'oiiit out Kurope, Aiin, Africa ; tlinso constitute tlio Kmtcm Con- tinent. Point out North Anioricn, South Amcricn ; tlieMO conslitutn the Western Continent. Point out tiie islivnd of Australiu, Cubii. I'oint out the Peninsula of Africa, South America. Point out tlie Isthmus of Darion, the Isthmug of Suez, Cope of Good Ilupe, Cope i'arcwcll, the Desert of Cobl, Great Desert. water. irubly above the general er constitute a Range, or er than the general level, termed a Hill. ke, and melted lava, from luntnlns or hills. evel. alritis ; in South America, :eppe3. h Band, and destitute of DIVISIONS OP WATER. 20. What arc the princiiial natun^ Jivisions of water/ A. Oceans, Seas, Archipelogoes, Bays, Gulfs, Straits, Phanncls, Sounds, Lakes, and Rivers. 21. What is au Ocean? A. A vast extent of suit water. 22. What is a Sea? A. A body of water smoller than an ocean, and nearly surrounded by land. 2ii. What is nn Archipelago? A. A sea interspersed with many islands. 24. What is a Gulf, or Bay? A. A body of water extending into the land. 25. What is a Strait? A. A norrow passage connecting different bodies of water. 26. What is a Channel? A. A passage of water, generally wider than a strait. 27. What is a Sound? A. A passago of water so shallow that its depth may be measured. 28. What is a Harbor? A. A bay, or inlet of the sea. Harbors are often called Ports, or Havens. f 8 OEOaBAl'HICAL DEFINITIONS. 29. Wlmt 13 a Lake? A. A body of water surrounded by land. Small lakes are called Ponds ; salt lakes are usually termed Seas. 30. What is a River? A. A large stream of water flowing in a channel on land toward the ocean, a lake, or another river. Small streams are called Creeks and Brooks. The source of a river is the place where it rises; the mouth, the place where it discharges its waters. The right bank of a river, is the bank on your right hand as you descend the stream ; the left bank, that on your left hand. EXERCISES ON THE MAPS. MAP OF THB WORLD, NO. I. Point out the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sen, Gulf of Mexico, Bay of Bengal, Behring'a Straits, Cliannel of Mozambique, Lake Superior, Amazon River. MAPS. .31. What is a Map? A. A representation of a part or the whole of the eartli's surface. 32. In what way are they drawn ? A. The top of the map is North ; the bottom, South ; the right hand. East ; the left hand, West. The four points, North, South, East, and West, are called the Car- dinal, or principal, points of the compass. A Compass is an instrument used by surveyors and navigators, tlic needle of which always points to the north. 33. If you were to stand facing the north, and e.xtend your right arm, in what direction would it point? 3-4. What if you were to face the west? The south? The oa.st? • IONS. e usually termed Seas. ;hannol on land toward g. The source of a rirer lace where it discharges bank on your right hand it on your left hand. MAPS. I. in Sen, Gulf of Mexico, of Mozambique, Lake le of the earth's surface, ottom, South: the right Vest, are called the Car- iyors and navigators, the lorth, and extend your Qt? t? The south? The j OEOORAPinCAL DEFINITIONS. 9 EXERCISES ON THE MAPS. MAP NO. IV., NOKTH AMERIC.\. 85. In what direction from tho United States is British America? Russian America? Greenland? The Bermuda i Islands? Cuba? Mexico? 36. In what direction from Hudson's Bay is the Gulf of Mexico ? BaflBn's Bay ? Behring's Straits ? Iceland ? II NO. I., MAP OP TUB WOULD. I This map represents tho Eastern and Western Hemispheres. I Hemisphere signifies half a globe. I 37. In what hemisphere is Madagascar? South America? Africa? Newfoundland? Europe? MAP OF THE WORLD, NO. II. This map represents tho Northern and Southern Hemispheres. 38. In what hemisphere is the South Pole? The North Pole? Australia? Greenland? CIRCLES, 39. What is the size of the earth ? A. Nearly 25,000 miles in circumference, and 8000 in diameter. 40. What is meant by the Circumference of the earth ? A. The distance around it. 41. What is meant by the Diameter of the earth ? A. The distance through its centre. 42. What is the Axis of the earth ? A. An imaginary lino passing through its centre, north and south. 43. What are the Poles of the earth ? A. The ends of the axis. •4i? I 10 GEOGnAPHICAL DEFINITIONS The North Pole is the northern point of the earth's axis; the South Pole, the southern. 44. What are the Circles of the earth? A. Imaginary lines extending around its surface. 45. "What are their names? A. The Equator, Tropics, Polar Circles, Parallels, and Meridians. The Equator and Meridians are called Great Circles ; they divide the globe into equal parts. The Tropics, Polar Circles, and Paral- lels, being less in extent, are called Small Circles. 4G. How are these circles measured? A. By degrees. Each circle is supposed to bo divided into 360 degrees. A degree of a great circle is 60 geographical miles in length ; 60 geographical miles are equal to about 69J statute miles. 47. What is the Equator? A. An imaginary line, extending east and vieat around the earth, at equal distances from the Poles. 48. What are the Tropics? A. Imagijiary lines extending around the earth, parallel with tlie Equator. The Northern, or Tropic of Cancer, is 23J degrees north of the Equator ; the Southern, or Tropic of Capricorn, the same distance south of it. 49. What ai-e the Polar Circles? A. Imaginary lines extending around the earth, at the distance of 28J degrees from the Poles. The Northern is called the Arctic Circle: the Southern, the .\ntarctic Circle. 50. What are Parallels ? A. Circles extending east and vest around the earth. 51. What are Meridians? A. Circles extending around the earth, north and south, through the Poles. «<., IONS. ' tho earth's axis; the ih? surface. nrallels, and Meridians. •eat Circles ; they divide ?olar Circles, and Paral- •cles. 360 degrees. A degree length ; CO geographical west around the earth, i earth, parallel with tlie 3J degrees north of the icorn, the same distance e earth, at the distance •ole; the Southern, the d the earth. lorth and south, through GEOGRAPHICAL DEFINITIONS. EXERCISES ON THE MAPS. 11 MAF OF TUB WORLD, NO. I. Point out the Arctic Circle, the Antarctic Circle, tlic Equator, the Tropic 01' Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn. ZONES. 52. What arc Zones? A. Divisions of the earth's surface, formed by the Tropics and the Polar Cirjles. Zone means belt, or girdle. 53. How many zones are there? A. Five : one Torrid, two Temperate, and two Frigid. 54. What does the Torrid Zone include? A. That part of the earth's surface lying between tho Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. 55. How many Temperate Zones are there? A. Two, the North Temperate and the South Temperate. 56. What does the North Temperate Zone include? A. That i)art of tlie earth's surface lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle. 57. What does tho South Temperate Zone include? A. That part of the earth's surface lying between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle? 58. How many Frigid Zones are there? A. Two, the North and South Frigid. 59. Whera are they situated? A. The North Frigid Zone includes that portion of the earth's surface which is north of the Arctic Circle; the South Frigid, thot south of the iintarctio Circle. 60. What is the climate of tho Torrid Zone ? A. Warm. 61. What is the climate of tho Frigid Zone? A, Cold. 13 aEOGRAPIIICAI* DEFINITIONS, EXERCISES ON THE MAPS MAP OF TUB WORLD, KG. I. 62. In what zone, principally, is Africa ? Europe? Pnuth America? North America? Asia? Greenland? In what zone is Borneo? Baffin's Bay? Behring's Straits? 1 ■ LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. 63. What is Latitude? A. Distance from the Equator. 64. How is it divided? A. Into North and South Latitude. All places north of the Equator nre in North Latitude ; all south, in South Latitude. 65. How is latitude counted? A. By degrees, from the Equator towards the Polos, from to 90. A degree contains about 69}- miles. 66. What is Longitude? A. Distance east or west from an established meridian. 67. How is it divided? A. Into East and West Longitude. All places east of the established meridian are in East Longitude ; those west, in West Longitude. 68. From what places do nations generally reckon longitude? A. From the capitals of their own country. In our maps, it is reckoned from Greenwich (England) and Wash- ington. 69. Are degrees of longitude equal in length ? A. Tiiey are not. They decrease going from the Equator to the Poles, and at the Polos there is no longitude. (See Appendix.) IONS, MAPS. I. a? Europe? reenland? In ng's Straits? South what UDE. th Latitude; all south, the Poles, from to 00. ihed meridian. 1 are in East Longitude ; ally reckon longitude? eh (Englond) and Wash- length ? :om the Equator to the (See Appendix.) OEOORAPUICAL DEEINITI0N8. EXERCISES ON THE MAPS. 13 MAP OF THE WOULD, NO. I. 70. Where is there no latitude ? No longitude ? Neither latitude nor longitude ? In what latitude is North America, North or South? Greenland? Mexico? Cuba? South America? Africa? Hudson's Bay? Asia? Europe? Aus- tralia? Gulf of Mexico? 71. In what longitude from Greenwich is Mexico ? Africa? Asia? Behring's Straits ? Australia? On the Map of the World, the longitude is reckoned from Green- wich (England). POLITICAL DIVISIONS. 72. What are the principal political divisions of the earth? A. Empires, Kingdoms, and Republics. There are also numerous smaller divisions, such as Principalities, Duchies, Grand Duchies, &o. 73. What is an Empire? A. A tract of country usually governed by an emperor. 74. What is a Kingdom? A. A tract of country usually governed by a king. 75. What is a Republic? A. A tract of country whose laws are made and enforced by repre- sentatives elected by the people. 76. What are some of the subdivisions of an empire ? A. Governments, as in Russia; Shires or Counties, as in Great Britain ; and Provinces, as in China. 77. What are some of the Bubdivisions of a kingdom ? A. Counties, Parishes, Cities, Tovms, &c., as in the United King- dom of Great Britain and Ireland. (!"" u OFOanAPHICAL DEFINITIONS. 78. What are some of the subdivisions of a Republic ? A. Departments, as in France ; Cantons, as in Switzerland ; and Counties, Districts, Polishes, Cities, Towns, &c., as in tlie United States. 79. What is a City? A. A coUectiTo body of inliabitants, incorporated, and governed by particular officers, as a mayor and aldermen. The difiFerence between a city and a town, in the United States, consists in the fact that a city is usually incorporated with special privileges, and a town is not. A city, however, is often called a town. 80. What is the Capital of t\ country ? A. The seat of government, as Woshington in the United States, St. Petersburg in Russia. OBSERVATIONS ON THE QUESTIONS. In bounding any section of country, tell, in the order here given, what is on the North, East, South, and West ; as — The United States are bounded on the North by British America, East by the A.tlantic Ocean, South by Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, anc West by the Pacific. In describing Islands, tell where they are situated, and in what direction they are from the nearest continent, or other islands. In describing Peninsulas and Capes, name the tract of land to which they are attached, and the bodies of water into which they project. Tell what divisions of water an Isthmus separates, and what tracts of land it connects. State where Mountains are situated, and in what direction they extend. In describing Seas, Gulfs, and Bays, name the larger body of water of which they conetHute a part, ond the land divisions by which they are partly surrounded. Name the tracts of land separated, and the bodies of water connected, by Straits, Sounds, and Channels. State where a river rises, in what direction it flows, and vthere it empties. Tell where Lakes are situated, and name the outlets through which their waters reach the sea. Some lakes have no visible outlet ; in describing them, state the fact. 3 of as in Switzerland ; and , &c., as in tlie United GEOGRAPHICAL DEFINITIONS. 16 In describing cities or towns, tell irhat State or country tSiey are in, and in what part of it ; tell also wliot river, or other body of water, they are situated upon, or, if on no body of water, name that to which they ore nearest. orated, and governed by 1, in the United States, icorporated with special r, is often called a town. > n in the United States, JESTIONS. in the order here given, ; as— The United States 10, East by the AMantiu lexico, one West by the SCALES OF MILES. Nearly every map in the Atlas has a scale of miles upon it, by which it is easy to find the distance from one point to another. E.xri-ANATios. What is the distance from Baltimore to the uoutli of the Misjissippi river ? See Map No. IV. Measure with a piece of paper, or a pair of compasses, the distance between these points ; and it will be found just the length of the scale given on the Atlas, or one thousand miles. 81. What is tho distance of Mexico from San Salvador? A. Eight hundred miles. 82. Of New York from Sydney, Cape Breton Island ? 83 Of San Francisco from Havana, Cuba ? 84. From Capo Prince of Wales to Cape Sable, Florida ? 85. From Ca^ Race, Newfoundland, to Cape Flattery ? 3 situated, and in what , or other islands, the tract of land to which into which they project, rates, and what tracts of ■e situated, and in what the larger body of water divisions by which they land separated, and the :8, and Channels. State ;, and where it empties, e outlets through which >ve no visible outlet; in I-"'- GEOGllAPHICAL QUESTIONS. MAP OF THE WORLD, No. I. TiiiB Map represents the surface of the earth, divided north and south mto two equal parts. The right-hand circle represents the i-astern Hemisphere ; the left-hand, the Western. The terms Eastern and Western refer to the meridian of Fcrro, one of he Canary Islands ; the most western point known to the ancients and that from which longitude was formerly reckoned. 1. What great divisions does the Eastern Hemisphere contain ? 2. What are the great divisions of the Western Hemisphere ? 3. What great division lies partly in the Eastern and partly in the Western Hemisphere ? 4. Of what is this division entirely composed ? A. Islands. 5. Which Hemisphere contains the greatest amount of land ? 6. Which Hemisphere contains the greatest amount of water ? 7. Which Hemisphere contains the largest islands ? 8. Which is the largest island in the world ? 9. Whichis the largest division of the Eastern Hemisphere " Which is the smallest ? 10. Which extends farthest North ? Which farthest South ? East? West? OEOanAPHICAi, QUESTIONS. IT ISTIONS. No. I. irth, divided north and d circle represents the Dm. I I meridian of Ferro, one S known to the ancients, I okoned. 1 Uastern Hemisphere I'^estern Hemisphere ? e Eastern and partly ? test amount of land? greatest amount of 3st islands ? rid? astern Hemisphere ? bich farthest South ? (16) 11. Which division of the Western Hemisphere extends farthest East? Which farthest West? 12. Which is the most southern land in the Eastern Hemi- sphere ? 13. The most southern in the Western Hemisphere ? 14. What five Oceans are in the Eastern Hemisphere? 15. What four Oceans in the Western Hemisphere? 16. Which is the largest Ocean ? Pc. 17. What Ocean lies between America end Europe ? 18. What between America and Asia? 19. What south of Asia ? 20. What Ocean surrounds the North Pole ? 21. What Ocean surrounds the South Pole? 22. What Strait separates America from Asia? 23. What waters does it connf 't ? 24. What Sea north of South America? 25. What Sea south of Europe ? 26. What Isthmus connects North and South America? 27. What Bay west of Greenland ? 28. What Bay south of Asia ? 29. What two Seas east of Asia? 30. Where is the Gulf of Mexico? 31. Where is the Island of Madagascar? 32. What Channel between it and Africa? 33. Where is the Red Sea? 34. What Isthmus between it and the Mediterranean Sea? 35. What grand divisions does tliis Isthmus connect? 36. What Strait between Europe and Africa? 37. What waters are connected by it? 38. Where is the Baltic Sea ? 39. What Strait south of South America? 40. What Isknd is separated from South America by it? 41. Where are the West Indies? 2* 18 atOaHAI'IlICAL Qt'EHTIONS 42. In what Zone ia Nova Zcnibla? Spitzleigcn ? Vic- toriu Land ? Hornco? Kthiopia? Ct-jada? Europo? Tho Caspian Son? DcHcrt of Cuhi'f Terra del Fucgo? New Zealand? Van Diomcn'a Land? 43. Through what Islands does the Tropic of Capricorn pass? What grand divisions? 4t. Through what Oceans docs tho Kfjuator pass? What Inlands ? 45. Through what Sea docs tho Tropic of Cancer pa««? WhatOulf? What Desert? 4G. Through what grand divisioDB does tho Arctic Circle I)a8s ? 47. Through what bodies of water docs the Antarctic Circle pass? »«4.„ MAP OP THE WOnLI), NO. II. This Map represents the surface of the earth, divldoil east and west by the Equator into two equal parts; the right-hand circle representing the Southern Hemisphere, the left-hand the Northern. 48. Which Hemisphere contains tho greatest quantity of ki:" ? 49. Which Hemisphere contains tho greatest quantity of water? 50. What great divisions are wholly in the Northern Hemi- sphere ? 51. What great divisions are partly !■ the Northern Hemi- sphere ? 52. What great division are partly in the Southern Hemi- sphere ? 53. What region lies nearest the North Pole ? 54. What nearest the South Pole ? 55. How near the South Pole did Captain Ross Bail ? (See Map No. III.) i^-^^r^" Spitstlcigcn ? Vic- la? Europe? The del Fucgo ? New ic of Capricurn pa»» 't juator pass? What )io of Caucer pass? ;8 tbo Arctic Circle the Antarctic Circle i. II. artli, divided eoat and tlie riglit-lmiul circle t-band the Nortliurn. greatest quantity of greatest quantity of the Northern Ilemi- the Noi'them Hemi- bbe Southern Hcmi- Pole? lin Ross sail ? (See i Or.OOUAMHCAL QUESTIONS. 10 60. In what HemiHphere is Madagascar? 67. In what Hcuiisphcro is the Oulf of Mexico? »TATI«TICA1— •■■ lABtl KO. II, M. What is the area of the land surface of the globe? Tj!). Which division has the greatest number of square miles? Which the least? 00. What is tho population of the world? 61. Which division contains tho greafost number of inhabit- ants? Which the least? 02. AVbich division contains the greatest number of inhabit- ants to tho square mile? Which least? 03. What is tho population to the square mile of tho whol< world? t MAP NO. IV., NORTH AMERICA. 1. What Ocean bounds North Aaficrica on the north? 2. What Gulf on the south? 8. What Ocean on the east? On tho west? 4. What large division in the north? B. Aa. What is itM capital? Qc. 5. What division in the north-west? R. Aa. Its principal town? Sa. 6. What division in the north-cast? Gd. Greenlond and Iceland oongtltute Doniih America. They belong to DoDinark. 7. What important division in tho centre? IT. S. Its capital? Wn. 8. What division south-west of it ? Mo. Its capital ? Mo. 0. What is the most southern division of North America ? C. Aa. 10. Bound British America, Russian America. United i tates. Mexico, Central America. m ' 1' so OEOdlUrillCAI, QIIKNTIONH. 11. \\'liat group of Islands south-oaHt of the United States/ W. Ih. 12. Which iw tho lurgcBt of thin group? Cii. Which next in iiizc? Hi. lit. What three THJan.U ju (lio «Iulf of St. Ijawrcnce? 14. What largo !-»'• ui ".-.t f i. Nd. If). What luhiiKi !48t t.f tbo southern part of tho UuitotI States? m. Ifl. What 1 ' ; ' Ifijnnd c.ipt of flrccnland? 17 Wli, ■ 10 principal town of Iceland ? Ilk. Is. What Island in H-dH n's Iky? Do. h). What two ItdatidM west of Uritiwh America? 20. VVliiit two ArchiiiolagocH south-west of llu.s.'iian Ame- rica? P. ofWH., (ic. III. 21. What Teninsula in tho southern part of Iluiisian Ame- rica ? Aa. 22. What north of Hudson's IJuy? Me. 2;{. What in the soutlieastcrn part of Britisli America? N. Sa. 24. V/hat in tho southern part of tho United States? 25. What IVninsuhi west of Mexico? Ca. 20. What east of Mexico ? Yn. 27. Whore is Capo Princo of Wales? Cape Farewell? Capollacc? Capo Cod? Capo Ilattcras? 28. Whichis tho most southern Cape of North America? Oa. 29. Which is tho most eastern? lie. Most western? Pr. 'ofWs. 30. What Capo at tho southern extremitj of Florida ? Cali- fornia? Greenland? Nova Scotia? 31. What Mountains extend along the eastern coast of the Juited States? 32. Wb i. »ee ranges along the western coast? Ce,, Ct., y. Na. 3 Unitfd States? II. Wliicli next rjawrcnoe 't t of tho United Ilk. ■icai' Iius.iian Amc- f Iluusiau Amo- ritisli America 1* d States? ^apo Farewell'/ h America? Oa. it western ? Pr. Florida? Cali- ern coast of the oast? Ce., Ct., OltOOKAPIIICAf, gilEHli, 'N3. JJ 38. What rungo oi n uiitainii extends -^ough tho whole of North Air/f Mca? HI. \Vliat a thpy call. 1 in Mexico nnd Central America''' H. Mn. Tho llockjr Mom, n-t aiiumo the mime Hiorra Mmlio iit •bout iitltiiily MM", aiKl ret n it throiiflioiit Mexi«„ nnd Ccntr ^ Anii-ri, ». .'{5, What llighiuml.s in the; n<-rthon' part of Gn 'md? HO. What iMountain ir IJrinfi' Laud? Fn. Thia mountftiii wns iliwox -ed in IBM), by tho Qrlniu'!! i; vcdltlon. ii7. What two Mountains in tbo south-wrstem part if Rus- bian America? 88. What Volcano in locl.nd? •'19. Wliat in tlio southern urt of Mexico? 40. Wliat two in Central \iiierica? 41. What Desert in tl-o Uhiod States, cast of tho llocky Mountain.^? 42. What Basin between the H ky Mts. and Sierra Nevada? 48. Where is Labrador? Cui 'la East? Canada West? Prince William's Land? New I .rth Wales? New South Wales? Fast Main? 44. Where is Grinncll Land? This lunil wiiB discovered In 1H50, b\ the expedition under com- mand of Lieut. Do Haven, nont cut in h' rch of Sir John Franljlln, nnd named in honor of Henry Urinnell, i;»q., of New Yorl<, whose raunificenco fitted out tho expedition. 45. What Sea north of British ond Russian America? 46. What Sea east of Central Auu lea? 47. What large Bay in British Am- rica? 48. What Bay south of Hudson's Bay? Js. 49. What Bay east of it? Ua. 50. What Bay between Prince William's Land and Green- land? Bs. b\. What Gulf south-west of British America ? Ga. u n 22 OEOGRAPIIICAL QUESTIOiNS. 52. What Gulf north of British America? 53. What Gulf west of Newfoundland? 54. What great Gulf south of the United States? »^ 55. What Bay west oi Alaska? 56. What Bay east of Central America? North of it? 57. What Gulf between ]\Iexico and California ? 58. What Gulf south-east of Boothia Felix? Ba. 59. Name the three Bays on the west coast of Greenland. 60. What two Bays on the eastern coast of the United States? 61. What Bay west of Yucatan? 62. What Bay between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick? This bay is particularly noted for its tides. In some parts of it, the water rises to the height of seventy feet, and advances witli such rapidity as often to drown th- swine feeding upon the shell- fish on its borders. 63. What Bay on the western coast of the United States? 64. Where is Behring's Strait? How wide is it? 65. What two great divisions does it separate? 66. What two bodies of water connect? 67. Where is Wellington Channel? 68. What Strait connects Baffin's Bay and the Atlantic Ocean ? 69. What three Straits north of Labrador? 70. What Strait separates Newfoundland from Labrador? 71. What two Sounds in the northern part of Baffin's Bay? Ss., Ls. 72. What Sound on the eastern coast of Greenland? Ds. 73. What Sound north of Cape Hatteras? Ae. 74. What south of Russian America? Pr. Ws. 75. Name five of the principal Lakes of British America. 76. Name the five principal Lakes in the northern part of the United States. 77 . 1 St. Le. 7S \ western 79 \ 80. V 81. V 82. V Mi., R. 83. \1 84. ^ 85. \} 86. ^^ Tropic 87. y\ 88. Ie The nort 89. M 90. ^^ 91. w Zone? 92. Vi Zone? 93. w 94. w 95. w 96. w 97. w 98. w 99. w America ? Ed States? ? North of it? fornia ? ix? Ba. 3t of Greenland. St of the United ^ew Brunswick? In some parts of and advances with ing upon the shell- United States? le is it? ite? md tho Atlantic roin Labrador? of Baffin's Bay? reenland? Ds. Ae. Ws. itish America, northern part of nEOOnAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 23 77. Through what river do their waters reach the ocean'' St. Le. 7.S What Lake in 3Iexico? In Central America? In tho western part of tho United States? Gt. St. 79. What lliver flows into the Polar Sea? Ms. 50. What two into Hudson's Bay? Nn., CI. 51. What two Rivers flow into the St. Lawrence? Sy., Oa. 82. What two large llivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico'' 3Ii., R. Gr. 83. What two into the Gulf of California? Co., Ga. 84. What River of the United States flows into the Pacific? 85. What River flows into the Gulf of Georgia? Fs. 86. What division of North America is crossed by the Tropic of Cancer? 87. What divisions by the Arctic Circle? 88. In what Zone is the central part of North America? The northern? The southern? 89. What division is partly in the Torrid Zone? 90. What division is wholly in the Torrid Zone? 91. What divisions arc partly in the North Temperate Zone? 92. What division is wholly in the North Temperate Zone? 93. What divisions are partly in the North Frigid Zone? 8TATI8TICAI, — SEE TABLK NO. II. 94. Which is the largest division of North America? 95. Which is next in size? Which next? 96. Which division has the greatest amount of population'-' 97. Which next? Which next? 08. What is the population of Russian America? 99. What is the population of Danish America ? Of British America? Of Mexico? 'i -4 IMP' 24 GEOGRAI'UICAL QUESTIONS. 100. What is the entire population of North America? 101. What is the number of square miles in North America';' 102. What is the average population to the square mile? ■;< .1 MAP NO. v., UNITED STATES. 1. Of what do the United States consist? A. Of thirty-one States, six Territories, and one District. 2. How are they divided ? A. Into four sections, viz., Eastern, Middle, Southern, and Western. The Eastern States are generally knovra as New England. 3. What are the Eastern States? A. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Isl- and, and Connecticut. 4. Bound each of these States, name the Capitals, and tell where they are situated. 5. What are the Middle States? A. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. C. Bound each of these States. Name and describe the Capitals. 7. What are the Southern States? A. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South CaroUna, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, 8. Bound each of these States, name the Capitals, and tell where they are situated. The District of Columbia is included within this section of the United States. 9. Between what States is it situated ? 10. What are the Western States? A. Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, DUnois, Michi- gan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, and California. 11. Bound each of these States, name the Capitals, and tell where they are situated. 2S a-^^aS-E'i^^sSKWS^^fiJE m OEOaRAl'HICAIi QUESTIONg. 26 h America? 1 North America!' square mile ? ! District. hern, and Western. England. usctts, Rhode Isl- Japitals, and tell )elawaru. ind describe the Carolina, Georgia, IS. :)apitals, and tell lis section of the la, niinois, Mlchi- 'apitale, and tell 12. What Territories are included in this section? A. The organized Territories of Oregon, Minnesota, Utnli, and New Mexico, and the unorganized Indinn and Missouri Territories. An orgnnizcd Territory is one in wliicli the people elect the Legis- lature, but in which the GoTemor is appointed by the President. Unorganized Territories havd no special government. 13. Bound the above-njimed Territories. Name the capitals of the organized Territorids, and tell where they are situated. 14. Name in order tha States bordering on the Atlantic, beginning with the most northerly, 15. Name the States krdering on the Gulf of Mexico. 16. What State and Territory border the Pacific? 17. 'What States border the cast bank of the 3Iissis»ippi " The west bank? 18. What State does tie 3Iississippi river intersect? 19. Of what two States and Territories docs the Jlinsouri river form a part of the western boundary? liO. Of what three Stot<;8 does the Oliio river form the south- ern boundary? 21. What two States border the southern bank of the Ohio? 22. Name the five States and Territory bordering the great Lakes of the North. 23. What two States does the Connecticut river separate? 24. What two States are separated by Delaware Bay? 25. "SVhat State is intersected by Chesapeake Bay? 26. Of what State does the Sabine river form the western boundary ? 2". What State is separated from 3Iexico by the Rio Grande? 28. What two States ire separated by Lake Michigan? 29. What Territory has the Colorado river for a part of its western boundary? 30. What Island on the coast of Maine? 31. What two south of Massachusetts? 3 26 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS, 32. What south of Rhode Island? '6S. What south of Connecticut? 34. What groups south-west of Florida? 35. What large Island north-west of Oregon? 36. What Peninsula east of Massachusetts? 0. Cd. 37. What Peninsula in the south-eastern part of the United States? Fa. 38. What Capes on the Atlantic coast of the United States? Cd., Mr., Cs., Ily., Hs., Lt., Fr., CI., Fa. 39. What Cape at the southern extremity of Florida? 40. What Capes project into the Gulf of Jlexico? St. Ba., lis. 41. What Capes on the Pacific coast? Mo., Fr., Lt., Fy. 42. What Volcano in Oregon, north of the Columbia river? St. Hs. In 1842, cinders and ashes from this volcano fell at Fort Vuncou- rer, slightly covering the country in its vicinity. 43. What Mountains form a part of the boundary line be- tween Utah and California? 44. What range cf Mountains in the western part of Ore- gon? Ce. 45. What range forms its eastern boundary line? 46. What Mountains in Oregon west of Lewis river? Be. 47. What Mountains near the Pacific coast, in California? 48. What Mountains east of the Sierra Nevada, in Utah? 49. What south of the Great Salt Lake? Wh. 50. What three ranges of Mountains extend through the eastern part of the United States? Ay., B. Re., Cd. 51. What Mountains extend through New Mexico? S. Mo. 52. By what name is this range known farther north? 53. What Straits separate Vancouver's Island from Oregon? 54. What four Bays on the coast of California? Ht., S. Fo., My., S. Do. lu^ K5fe t iii M> n ( i uj ' mM^ ajjiiW«teit»T«ifa.^ ;on : ts? 0. Cd. •art of the United lie United States? y of Florida? of Jlexico? St. )., Fr., Lt., Fy. e Columbia river ? 'ell at Fort Vancou- boundary line be- itcrn part of Ore- r line? ewis river? Be. t, in California? jvada, in Utah? Wh. tend through the Re., Cd. Mexico? S. Me. ther north ? md from Oregon? nia? Ht.,S. Fo., OKOGRAPHICAI, QTJ£.ST]O.N.s>. 27 55. What three Bays on the west coast of Florida ? "\'r Ta., Cm. 50. What Sound west of Vancouver's Island? Na. 57. What five Lakes in the northern part of the United States? 58. What Lake north-cast of Lake Huron ? 50. What two Lakes in Maine? GO. What Lake west of Vermont? 61. What two Lakes in Florida? 62. What Lake in Louisiana? 63. What two Lakes form a part of the northern boundary of Minnesota? 64. What Lake in the Mississippi, east of Jlii.nesota? 65. What Lake in Minnesota is the source of the Mississippi liver? la. 66. What Lake in Minnesota flows into the Red river? Ts. 67. What Lake near the head waters of the Minnesota river"'' B. Se. The country between Lake Travcra and Big Stone Lake is some- times overflown, so that boats may pass from one to the other ; thus connecting the Red river, the waters of which reach the ocean through Hudson's Bay, with the Minnesota, wliich flows into the Mississippi, and thence into tlie Gulf of Jlexico. 68. What other Lakes in 31iiinosota? 69. What great Lake in Utah? The water of this lake contains a much greater proportion of salt than that of the ocean. 70. What Lakes in the western part of Utah? 71. What three Lakes near the centre of that Territory? The various lakes of Fremont Basin, in Utah, are, with one e.\cei>- tion, (Utah Lake, the waters of which flow into the Great Salt Lake,") salt, and without any visible outlet. 72. What three Lakes in California? ■rtt ^t^- 2S OKOORAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 73. What rivers in the United States flow into the Atlantic Ocean ? 74. What into the Gulf of IMoxico? 7ii. What arc the principal eastern branches of the Missis- .•■ippi river? 70. What the western? 77. Name the three rivers of Minnesota that flow into the Mississippi. Ma., Km., St. Cx. 78. What river in that Territory has a northern course? Rd. 79. What river flows into Lake Superior? St. Ls. 80. How long is the lied river? 81. In what Territory is the Yellowstoae river? 82. Into what does it flow ? What is its length ? 8.^. AVhat three rivers named in honor of distinguished indi- viduals form the Missouri? 84. Into what does the Running Water river flow ? 85. What river separates Missouri and Indian Territories? This river i: also called Nebraska. It wa? proposed in Congress, in 1845, that a section of country north and sooth of it should be organized into a new Territory, to be called Nebraska. A bill was reported for that purpose, but failed to become a law. The proposed northern and southern boundary lines may be seen on the map. This i^ection is often erroneously called Nebraska. 86. Jlention the principal branches of the Missouri in Indian Territory. 87. Howlongis the Kanzas? The Platte? ^8. What great river flows through Indian Territory and Arkansas into the Mississippi ? Its length ? 89. What are its principal branches? 90. What river between Indian Territory and Texas ? 91. What between Louisiana and Texas? 92. What between Texas and Slexico? New Mexico and California? Mexico and New Mexico? iji- -«-^ OEOORAPniOAL QUESTIONS. 29 vv into tho Atlantic ches of tbo Missis- tbat flow into tbc • ■ •them course ? Rd. St. Ls. river? length J" distinguished indi- | Iver flow ? dian Territories? roposed in Congress, nth of it should be braska. A bill wns law. The proposed 1 in on the map. This ^ Missouri in Indian lian Territory and and Texas'::' New Mexico and 93. What two rivers in Utah form tho Colorado'/ 94. What two rivers flow into the Buy of San Francisco'/ 05. What river flows into Monterey IJay'/ 90. What river in the northern part of California flows into tiie Pacific 'i 97. What are the principal branches of the Sacramento'/ (See Map No. VI.) 98. AVhatare the principal branches of the Sau Joaquin? (See Map No. VI.) 99. What river in Oregon flows into tho Pacific? 100. What river in Oregon, west of tho Cascade range, flows into tho Columbia? We. The valley of the Willamette is the most fertile portion of Oregon, and that in which the chief part of the population is found. 101. What are the two principal branches of the Columbia? 102. What two rivers flow into the Great Salt Lake? 103. What river flows into Nicollet Lake ? Humboldt Lake ? 104. What States and Territories does the 46th parallel of latitude pass through ? The 40th ? What States the 30th ? 105. Through how many degrees of latitude does the Mis- sissippi flow ? 106. Between what mountains is tho gold region of Cali- fornia ? 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. STATISTICAL — SEE TADLES. Which is the largest of the United States ? Which next in size? Which is the sciallefit? Which is the largest Territory ? Which the smallest? How many square miles in the District of Columbia? Which State has the greatest population ? W^hich has the least? 3* 80 flKOnUAlMIlCAL QIESTIONS, 11"). Whicli State is niost thickly settled? ll(i. Whi(.li State has the greatest amount of imports? Of exports '( 117. Which State is most in dcht? lis. Which hiis tho greatest amount of State property? 11!K Which State was first settled? Hy whoa'? 120. Which State first adopted the Constitution ? 121. Which furnished the most troops during the Revolu- tionary war? 12*2. What was the date of the California gold discoveries? 123. When was Utah first settled? By whom? 124. When Oregon? Where? ]{y whom? 125. When Minnesota? Where? By whom? 12(5. Name the first five cities of the United States in ti e order of their population. 127. Name the next three. 128. How many cities of the United States contain a popu- lation of between 40 and 50,000 ? 129. IIow many between 20 and 40,000 ? 130. How many between 10 and 20,000? QUESTIONS ON THE LEAKNKll's OWN STATE. 1. In what city or town do you reside ? 2. In what county? Bound the county. 3. In what State? Bound the State. 4. Is it an Eastern, Middle, Si ithern, or Western State? 5. Is it a maritime or an 'nland State? A maritime State is one borilcriug tlie sea. 0. Does it contain any Bays, Sounds, Islands, or Capes? If so, describe them. 7. Name and describe all the rivers in your State? IIow long is each ? »-A, a3SaiSS!«»«'i»»aMhB» w< M«(CIBi B Mt M :aaiar&rt. ( I m of imports? Of tc property 'r" Loir '( ition '1 ring the Kevolu- old discoveries ? loiu '! V Ulll 'i fd Suites ill ti e nnooriAPincAr- questions. 81 8. What liakes hns it? Tell where they are. Measure by the ncolc, nnil gire the length of these lakes. 9. Which is farthest north — the place in which you reside, or Pekin, China? J'ari.s? Vienna? Constantinople? Athens? Gibraltar? 10. In what latitude is it situated? 11. What is Latitude? 12. In what longitude is your town situated? 13. Reckoning from Washington, is it East or West Lon- gitude ? 14. What is the Capital? Where situated ? 15. If your State be an inland one, tell by what course its waters reach the sea. s cDUtiiin a popu- I STATE. Western State? s I Is, or Capes? If ur State? IIovv HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAt — «ER TABLES. 16. When was the State in which you reside settled? Where? By whom? 17. Was it one of the original thirteen States? 18. If so, when ('.d it adopt the Constitution? 19. What Sta'-es adopted it in advance of yours? 20. How many troops did it furnish during the Revolution- ary war? 21. If not one of the original thirteen, when was it admitted into the Union? 22. Mention some noted event in its history. 23. What is its total population ? What was it in 1840? In 1800? 24. How many States in the Union contain a greater popu- lation? How many less? 2.'i. How many Representatives in Congress is it entitled to? 26. How many counties has it ? % n OKoriRAl'llirAl. QrKHTiONa. 27. How iniiny containing a population of more than 50,000? Of Wlwmi 'JO find 50,000 y 28. How many ninie tlian the one in wliich you reside':' 29. What in tho population of your own county ? Of your own city or town? *]0. In wliat direction aro you from tho capital of the State? Tell by the Hcalc of niilen Imw fur. 81. Which is tho most populous city in tho State? 82. Which next in numbers? iV^. Name all tho cities and towns containing nioro than 10,000 inhabitants. Give their population and situation. 84. Wliat are tho principal agricultural productions of your State? 35. What States exceed it in amount of Indian corn raised in 1850? Wheat? Maple sugar? Cotton? Tobacco? 85. Name the principal railroads, and tell their lengths, aud the places connected by them. 30. Name tho prii^cipal canal. QENERAI. QUESTIONS. 1. What Ocean lies between tho United States and England? 2. What Ocean between the United States and China? 3. Which is nearest China — San Francisco or New York? 4. Where are tho Sandwich Islands ? 5. Through what waters would a vessel sail, in going from Boston to tho Sandwich Islands ? G. Through what, from New Orleans to San Francisco? 7. Where is Mount Erebus? 8. Of what State is Columbus tho capital ? 9. In what State is the capital situated on Pearl river? 10. On what river is the capital of Utah? 1 or^ KiO^ ■ ->^*j%r/iv»ws^- - loro than 50,000? 1 you resicJoy louuty '{ Of your italof the State 'i* ) Htjitol' liuing more than id Bituation. )(luction3 of your ndian corn rained Tobacco 'I their lengths, and I tcs and England '( and China'/ or New York? ill, in going from 1 Francisco? Pearl river? nEOlllUIMIICAr. QIKHTIONH. 33 1'). 17. 18. 11. What is the laij^'ost lake ciitiiely within the limitA of the United States '! \'2. What i.^ the I»ij,'08t lake in North Ameriea? 13. Wliich is tlie hirgcst ishmd, Ncwfouiidlund or Cuba? 14. Which of the two \\m the greatest jn)puIatiou? Which is farthest nnrtli, Nunnivack Island or Iceland? Whore are the Aleutian Island.s? On what island iH North Cape? What is the distance from the United States to Kgypt? 19. What group of Islnnds west of the Florida Hoefs? 20. Which of the United States have more than one capital? lil. What is the capital of a country? 2*2. What is tlie capital of IJritish America? 23. What natives inhabit the coast of Labrador? 24. What settlement on the northern border of Minnesota? 25. What part of the Indian Territory is occui)ied by the Cherokees? 2(3. What is the principal town of the Ciierokeo Nation? Th. 27. What two rivers unite in Western I'ennsylvania, and form the Oiiio? 28. To what European power docs Greenland belong? 29. Which is the highest mountain in North America? 30. AVhieh the longest river? 31. Which city has the greatest population? 81. What Stream on the Atlantic coast of North America? This is a rcmarkablo stream in the Atliintic Ocean, flowing in its narrowest parts at the rate of live miles iin hour, but lessening in its rupiilify as it advances to the north. The water of this Stream is warmer, anj differs in color from tlmt of the adjacent parts of the ocean. 33, Tell what States, Countries, or Islands, the follo\riDg places are in: 34. Washington. 30. Fillmore City. 35. Mexico. 87. La Pueblo. 84 oE()onAMii> V . QCKMTIONS. ' as. Nain. 50. Ilcikmvik. 'M. Skulholt. 57. Montreal. 40. New York. 5H. Detroit. 41. Toronto. 50. Mobile. 42. (Quebec. no, St. Johns. 43. llavanii. (11. New Orlean-s. 44. lVirt-au-1'rinfc. 02. Kinj^Hton. tf). Han Salvador. Oa. Huffalo. 40. (lulvestoii. <54. St. I'aul. 47. SucruFiicTito City. 05. Hebron. 48, Key West. 00, llopu(iulo. , 4!). IJoHtou. 67. Cincinnati. r)0. Hitkn. ()8. St. Louis. iJl. Liebtcufek 09. Austin. k r.'2. Leou. 70. Chicago. | ■Oi]. Charleston. 71. Santa Fe. A 54. San Francisco. Tl. Halifax. 1 55, Oregon City. 7a. Milwaukee. ■ i 74. Wlmt European nations liavo possessions in North ' America ? f 75. In what Territories arc tbo Flathead Indians found? ' ^"^■ Waekfect? Utabsy Apaches? Navajoes? Comancbe.s? Creeks? Sioux? Chippewa^? 70. Where are the Esquimaux found? 77. What Pass is found in the south-eastern part of Oregon Territory ? All overland emigration to Utiili, Ciilifoi-iiii, mid Oregon, is con- ducted through this Posb. 7S. What is tbo western part of Utah called? 79. Where are the North Georgian Islands ? 80. Which is the longer river, Mackenzie's or the St. Lawrence ? 81. Where is the Isthmus of Darien? ■^^o^^^*«^'eim'imaamm»iMeitmB^tsti0asxms^mtmisa^mH)^»twKi,^- luvik. real. >it. lo. olins. ( )ilcaii«. HtOII. lo. aul. liulo. inati. 3ui8. n. 150. Fe. IX. lukco. isions in North Indiana found? ifect? Utahs? part of Oregon I Oregon, is con- 1? ie's or the St. ai:uuu.\i>iiicAt. yuKMTioNt. MAI'S NO.S. V. AND VH. 85 CANAPA, NEW BRUNSWICK, ETC. 1. Wliat rivur and lakcH soutii of Canada Went? 2. What river butwtrn Canada Kiwt and Canada Wt'st? 3. What Country and I'rovincr Houtli of Canada Kuat? 4. What il? Tg , H. Jn., S. Vr., and Ta. 11. What lake partly in New Hampshire? 12. What river flows from Lake St. Jolin. Mg. LJ. How long is tho St. Lawrence river? Ai. 14. IJound New Urunswiek. Nova Scotia. 15. What island north-cast of New Urunswick? IG. What north-cast of Nova Scotia? C. lln. 17. What north of Nova Scotia? P. Ks. 18. What group between New Brunswick and Newfound- land? Mn. 19. What bay north of New Brunswick? East? 20. What three south? What Strait separates "t from I'rinco Edward's Island? 21. What separates I'rinco Edward's Island from Nova Scotia? G. of Co. 22. What Banks near Nova Scotia and Newfoundland? These blink", especially tlie Grand Unnic cast of Newfoundland, are noted for tlie vast quantities of codfish caught there. 23. Name tho bays on the coast of Newfoundland. m Uv.^ „. 36 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 24. What cape on the north? On the south? 25. What two islands south of Newfoundland? 26. To what European power do they belong? 27. What cape south of Nova Scotia? 28. Tell in what Province, and on what waters, the following cities f.nd towns are situated : 29. Halifax. 37. Louisburg. 30. St. John. 38. Sydney. 31. Harbour Grace. 39. Quebec. 32. Montreal. 40. Hamilton. 33. Toronto. 41. London. 34. Pictou. 42. Three Rivers. 35. Fredcrickton. 43. Kingston. 36. St. John's. 44. Maiden. i 45. What mines near Sydney and Pictoa? 46. What two canals in Canada? What do they connect? 47. What river rises in Maine, and flows through New Brunswick ? 48. For what is the Bay of Fundy noted? A. For its high tides. STATISTICAL. 49. Which is the larger, Canada East or Canada West ? 50. Which has the greatest population? 51. In which Province is the capital of Canada? 52. Which has the greater population. Nova Scotia or New Brunswick ? Halifax or St. John ? MAP NO. VIII., EASTERN STATES. 1. How many, and what, are the Eastern States? 2. By what other name are they also known? 3. What Province on the north of them ? M'W»«i*sy««e4«-8«4-'-»5,.-.«^'*A'&v*»j*sS4&.es^^a^ n. GEOORAPniCAL QUESTIONS. 37 kh? ,nd? 'S? tcrs, the following sburg. ley. lec. ilton. on. Q Rivers. ;8ton. en. they connect? rs through New anada West ? nada? iva Scotia or New ES. Itatoa? n? 4. What Ocean and Sound en the south? 5. What Province and Ocean on the east? 6. What States and Province on the west? 7. Which is the largest of the Eastern States? 8. Which is the smallest? 9. Which of them extends farthest north and east? 10. Which farthe^it south and west ? 11. Tell where the following islands are situated, and to what State they respectively belong : 12. Fisher's!, 13. Block!. 14. Nantucket- 15. Martha'h Vinoj'ard. IG. Elizabeth Isles. 17. Isle of Shoals. 18. Fox Isles. 19. Mount Desert. 20. Deer I. 21. Scale's I. 22. North Hero. 23. South Hero. 24. What three Capes on the coast of Maine? 25. What three on the coast of IMassachusetts ? 20. What Point south of Rhode Island ? 27. What mountain in Maine? How high is it? 28. What mountains in New Hampshire? 29. What and how high is the highest peak? 80. What mountains in Vermont? 31. What two peaks in the western part of Massachusetts? B. Pk., Se. 32. Where is Mount Tom? Meant Ilolyoke? Wachusctt Mountain? Mansfield Mop'^..ain? 33. In what State, and on what river or body of water, are the following cities or towns? [Teachers who desire more minute answers, may call for the popu- lation of the different places, and the direction and distance by thi" scale of miles from that in which the recitation is going on, or from any given place ; as, supposing the recitation to be heard in Boston, the 4 38 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. i. teacher nsk.i, " Wlmt is the population of Providencf? liri.'ction, ami how far, is it from Boston?"] Id what 34. Boston. 48. Belfast. 35. Providence. 49. Nantucket. 36. 37. Bangor. Portsmouth. 50. 51. Burlington. Saco. 38. New Bedford. 52. Gloucester. 39. Portland. 53. Thomas ton. 40. New London. 54. Salem. 41. 42. 43. 44. Newburyport. Eastport. Newport. Fall River. 55. 56. 57. 58. Plymouth. Ipswich. Bristol. New Haven 45. 40. Stonington. Marblchead. 59. 60. Edgartown. Bath. 47. Hartford. 61. Barnstable. The above are the principal places in New England engaged in '■ouimerce and the fisheries. 62. Tell in what State, and ov or near what river, the fol- lowing cities and towns are situated: H G3. Augusta. 75. Norwich. 64. Concord. 76. Smithfield. 65. Montpelier. 77. Cambridge. 66. Amherst. 78. Rutland. 07. Waterville. 79. Brunswick. 08. Andovcr. 80. Hallowell. 09. Pittsfield. 81. Charlestown. 70. Manchester. 82. Dover. 71. Taunton. 83. Brattloboro'. 72. Nashua. 84. Lawrence. 73. Green Seld. 85. Worcester. 74, Lowell. 86. Lynn. 1C8. t-aiiisasMtaii t Ma wat aaBaMateaif^t ^Pte ridencf? In what ist. tucket. ington. icester. naston. n. lOUtll. ich. iol. Haven, rtown. stable. ngland engaged in lat river, the fol- r.EOORAI'inCAL QUESTIONS. 39 87. Springfield. !)1. Gardiner. 88. Dartmouth. 92. lloxbury. 89. Middlebury. 93. Exeter. 90. Norwich. 94. Jliddletown. The obovo are the principal inland and manufacturing cities and towns of New England. [It is suggested to teachers that the general information of their pupils may bo tested by asliing them with reference to the places above named, as al-i to otliers which shall appear herc:ifter, sucii questions as the following: Which of those places are mostly engaged in foreign commerce? Which in internal commerce? Which are noted manufacturing towns ? Which contain colleges or universitios ? Which are particularly noted in history, and for what ? These, and iiuestions of a similar character, are left to the discretion of the teacher.] 95. What Peninsula on the eastern coast of Massachusetts? 96. What river flows from Maine through New Brunswick? 97. What rivers form a part of the boundary line between Maine and New Brunswick ? 98. What are the principal rivers of Maine? Pt Kc An., So. 99. Into what bay does the St. Croix river flow ? The Pe- nobscot? Saco? 100. On what bay is Portland? 101. What two bays east of Massachusetts? 102. What one south? 103. What river between Vermont and New Hampshire? 104. Through what States, and into what body of water, Joes it flow? 105. What river of Massachusetts flows into the Atlantic Ocean ? lOG. Of what lake does it form the outlet? 107. What three rivers flow into Long Island Sound? 1C8. What river flows from Massachusetts into the Hudson? ml m jr'i 40 GEOaUAl'UICAL QUESTIONS. 109. What rivers flow into Lake Chaniplain? 110. Where is Lake Chaniplain? 111. Through what rivers do its waters reach the sea? 112. What is the largest lake in Maine? 113. What lake is partly in Vermont and partly in Canada? 114. How many railroads centro in Worcester ? Springfield ? Pittsfiold? Groton Junction ? Andover? Kcene? Tliese places ore noted railroad centres. 115. How many railroads diverge from Boston? Portland? New Haven? 110. Through what principal places would you pass, pro- ceeding by railroad from Boston to Albany? Boston to New York? 117. Through what, procceJing from Boston to Burlington, Vt. ? Name the places by two different routes. 118. Through what, from Boston to Watcrville, Me. ? Bos- ton to Stouington, Ct. ? STATISTICAL. 119. Which of the New England States has the greatest amount of population? 120. Name the States in the order of their population. 121. Which is the most thickly settled? 122. Which is the least thickly settled? 123. How many cities in New England contain a population of more than 10,000? 124. How many in Massachusetts? Maine? Connecticut? New Hampshire? llhode Island? MM' NO. IT. — MIDDXiE STATES. 1. What are the :Middle States? (See p. 24, q. 5.) 2. What Provinces on the north ? 3. What section and ocean on the east? i OEOnRAPnirAf, QUESTIONS. 41 in; aoh tho sea? partly in Canada ? tcr 1 Springfield ? Keene 'i iston? Portland'/ Id you pass, pro- Boston to New ton to Burlington, DS. I ■;i rvillc, Me. ? Bos- j Las the greatest r population. ') J utain a population le? Connecticut? ES. 24, q. 5.) 4. What .section on the south? 5. What sections on the west? G. Which of the Midtlle States is the largest? N. Yk. T. U'hich is least in size? 8. Which extcnJs farthest north and east? 9. Which extends farthest south? 10. Which farthest west ? 11. What two islands eouth-eas* of New York? 12. What one between Lakes Erie and Ontario? 13. To what State do these islands belong? N. Yk. 14. What two capes ut the entrance of Delaware Bay? 15. What cape east of Staten Island? S. Ilk. 10. What mountains in the northern part of New York ? 17. What is the highest peak? What is its height? 18. AVhat mountains west of the Hudson river? 19. How high arc they? 20. What mountains in the south-eastern part of the State of New York? 21. What four ranges in Pennsylvania? 22. In what direction do they extend? 23. Which of them is %thest cast? 24. Which farthest west? 25. In what State, and where, are the following cities and towns situated? (See p. 37, q. 33.) 2G. New York. 27. Philadelphia. 28. Brooklyn. 29. Wilmington. 30. Newark. 31. Buffalo. 32. Erie. 33. llocbcster. 34. Pittsburg. 4* 35. Oswego. 36. New Brunswick. 37. Newcastle. 38. Jersey City. 89. Ogdensburg. 40. Whitehall. 41. Camden. 42. Dunkirk. 43. Albany. mm* 42 nEouRArmcAL questions J ^^- 'fi-oy. 40. Hudson. 45. riattsburg. 47. I'oughkeepsie. The above l=st comprises moat of the commercial cities and towns of the Middle 8tntcs. 40. Describe the following cities nnd towns: 47. Ilarrisburg. 48. Trenton. 49. Dover. 50. Lancaster. 6S. Heading. Sjracu.se. 51. ii^chcncctady. 5.' Allegbcny City. ■ '•". I'aterson. 54. EIniira. 55. Pottsvillc. 50. Newburg. 57. York. 59. 00. IJurlington. 01. Utica. 02. Saratoga. 03. Princeton. 04. Lockport. 05. Easton. GO. King.ston. 07. Wc-' ?oint. 08. Elizabethtown. 09. What noted watering-place in the southern part of New Jersey ? A. The city of Cupe Island, commonly known as Cape May. 70. What noted Springs in New York? A. Saratogft, in the eastern part of the State, north of the Mohawk river. These Springs are annually visited by thousands in search of he iltb, or travelling for pleasure. 71. What great natural curiosity in "Western New York? A. The Falls of Niagara. These Falls, though surpassed in height by ,?ome others, are un- cqualkMl in the amount of water which passes over them, and in the grandeur and sublimity of the scenery surrounding them. They are considered the greatest natural curiosity on the globe. 72. What river forms a part of the boundary between New Jersey and New York !* 73. IIow far is this river navigable? How long is it? tc.>s.<;*aji<*a*: i 'j|| on. ikeepsie. I citiea and towua use. igtoii. ga. iton. ort. 1. ton. "x'oint. icthf.own. ;rn part of New Cape May. th of the Mohawk search of he iltb, New York? i others, are un- hem, mid in the tliera. They are c. J between New sng is it? OKOORAl'HICAI- QUESTIONS. IP 43 74. What is its p-incipal branch? 75. What river separates New York and Canada? 70. What three rivers of New York flow into Lake Ontario? 77. AVhat two into Lake Chauii)Iaiu ? 78. What river connects Lakes Erie and Ontario? 79. Wliat river separates New Jersey and I'enn.-^ylvauia? 80. What river flows into Chesapeake ]}ay? 81. What are the principal branches of the Susriuehanua '^ N. IJh., AV. I}h., Ja. 82. What two rivers of Pennsylvania flow into the Dela- ware? Lh., SI. 83. What are the two principal rivers of New Jersey''' Kn., Pc. ■ 84. What great river heads in Western Pennsylvania? Oo. 85. What two rivers unite at Pittsburg and constitute the Ohio? 86. Where does the Alleghany rise? The Monongahela? 87. What river in the western part of Pennsylvania flows into the Ohio? 88. What body of water north of Long Island? 89. What two harbors on the coast of New Jersey? 90. What bay east of Delaware? 91. What bay between Delaware and New Jersey? 92. What lake north of Pennsylvania? 93. What two lakes north of New York ? 94. What lake separates New York from Vermont? 95. Where is Lake George ? Describe it. 96. What lakes in Western New York? 97. Through what principal places would you pass, proceed- ing by railroad from New York to Dunkirk? New York to Albany? New York to Philadelphia? 98. Through what, from Albany to Buffalo? 99. Through what places, from Philadelphia to Pittsburg? ■:m 44 OEOdRAPHlCAIi QUESTIONS, ■. i il W, 1 -J. •■■A*. 100. What groat eaiml in Nov/ York, and wliat, points arc connected by it? A. The Krie ("uniil, counoct'mg Albany and Uuft'alo. 101. AN'iiat river and lake arc connected by this canal i* 102. What two rivers and places arc connected by the 31 orris Canal? 103. How is nienhandi.so usually transported from rhiludcl- pbia to Pittsburg? A. Ily railronil from I'liiliulcliihia to Cdhinibiu; tlicnoo l)y cfinnl to IloUidaysburjr, at the fdnt of the Alk'(r,huny Mountains; thence by ri 'Iroad (intliniMl }iIiiiion) over tlie niountaitis, and by canal to I'ittsburg. 104. Descending the Hudson river, what towns would you pass on the right bank? Wnat on the lei't? 105. What, descending the Delaware ? STATISTICAL. lOG. Which of the Middle States in the largest? 107. Which next in size? 108. Which is least in size? 109. Which has the greatest population? 110. AVhieh next in amount? 111. Which is most densely settled? 112. Which has increased most in population duriug iue last 30 years? 20 years? 10 years? 113. Which is the most populous city? 114. Which next in size? 115. How many contain a population of more than 40,000? 116. How many in New York contain a population of more than 10,000? How many in Pennsylvania? New Jersey? Delaware ? 117. Name these cities in each of the above States. .!*»*««».■. 1. Ho 24, q . 7.^ 2. Wii M. S 1, 3. Wh 4. Wl •"). Wi tj. \Vh 7. Wh 8. ^\'h 0. Wh 10 w 11 w The firs on this is Jaraestowr 12, w 13. w and Ts. 14. w 15. w 16. w 17 w 18. w Map No. 19. Of a Peninsi 20. w 21. w 1- what, points arc this canal '! ;ed by the IMovris id from rhiladcl- thoircfi Jiy cdiml to ntiiiiis ; tliouce by anil by c'liiial to towns would you gcst ? ation duriug iue ore than 40,000? )pulation of more ? New Jersey? e States. I aEonn.\nncAT, questions. MAl'.S N(IS. XI., XII., XIII., AND XIV. 46 tj. 7. s. <). wd tiii:r.\ htate.s. 1. How many and what are the Southern States!* (See p. 21, q. 7.) 2. What ioctions of the Union on the north? W. Ss., M. Sa. 3. What gulf on the .south? 4. What ocean on the east ? What section and country on the west? Which of them extends farthest north? Va. Which farthest cast? Md. Which farthest south? Fa. Which farthest west? Ts. 10. What island in Chesapeake IJay east of Annapolis? 11. What is' lud cast of North Carolina? Tlic first attempt to fouml nn Knglish colony in America was niaJe ou this isliind, in l.")85, twenty-two ycnr* before tlio sfttlenient of Jamestown. It was, however, abaniloned tlio following your. 12. W^hat i.sland cast of Georgia? Cd. 13. W'hat two groups south-west of Florida? F. Rs., and Ts. 14. What two islands south? Dg., St. Gs. 15. What islands east of Louisiana ? Cr. 16. What two south? L. Cx., Sp. 17. What islands on the coast of Texas? 18. Which of the Southern States is a Peninsula? (See .Map No. V.) 19. Of which State do two of the eastern counties constitute a Peninsula? 20. W^hat two capes at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay? •21. What three caat of North Carolina? w i 46 (IKOIIIlAI-incAr. gUEHTIUNS. 22. WImt dill' I'liMt of Smith Carolinn? 2.'{. AN'liat two fiwt of Floridui' 24. Into what waters do thcso cupos extend? 25. AVliat caiie at tlio Houthcm extremity of Florida? 20. What two extend into the Gulf of Mexico y 27. What range of niountaius forma a part of tho western boundary of Virginia? 2>'. What range forms tho wodtern boundary of North Carolina? 20. Through what Southern StatcB docs tho lilue llidgc extend ? 80. What mountains extend into Alabama? ni. In what State is Ulack Mountain ? 32. Of what ridge is it one of tho peaks? S3. IIow high is it? 34. What swamp is partly in TNIaryland, and partly in Delaware ? 35. What partly in Virginia, and partly in North Carolina? 36. What swamp in tho southern part of Georgia? 87. In what State, and on what river or body of water, arc tho following cities and towns? 38. Baltimore. 30. New Orleans. 40. Washington. 41. Charlestm. I 42. Richmond. 43. Mobile. 44. Savannah. 45. Norfolk. 46. I'etorsburg. 47. Wheeling, 48. Annapolis. 40. Raleigh. 50. Columbia. 61. Milledgcville. 52. Tallahassee. 53. Montgomery. 54. Jackson. 55. Baton Rougo. 56. Austin. 57. St. Augustine. 'p ()E0(JH.M'II1C.\L yUESTIONS. 4f 5>*. In what part of iho State to which they belong, and ou I: "V nuar what river or body of water, are tho following towns? f Florida? Maryland. (Icorgia. xico'/ GO. l!uinbtrland. 80. Augusta. rt of tho western GO. Frederick. 81. Columbus. undary of North 1 01. IIager»town. 82. Macon. i't'2. Cambridge. 8;j. Atlanta. (iJi. KuHton. ■ Virginia, 84. Athens. tho Blue llidgo Florida. f 04. Alexandria. 85. Apniiiehieolu. ()5. Fredericksburg. 80. Key West. 00. I'ortHUiouth. 87. I'ensacola. * 07. Lynchbmg. 88. Jacksonville. 08. Harper's Ferry. , and partly iu ' 09. Winchester. Jilabama. , 70. Yorktown. 89. Gainesville. North Carolina? 1 • y ' 71. Charlottesvillo. 90. Selma. 91. Tuscaloosa. jicorgiaf JVorth Carolina. 92. Tuscumbia. jody of water, arc 72. Wilmington. 93. Decatur. 73. Edenton. 94. Florence. apolis. 74. Newborn. 95. Iluutsville. igh. 75. Fayettcvillc. nibia. jdgcville. 1 70. Chapel Hill. Mississippi, 90. Natchez. thassee. South Carolina, 97. Vicksburg. tgoniery. 77. Greenville. 98. Columbus. son. 78. Georgetown. 99. Aberdeen. n Rougo. 79. Camden. 100. Holly 8pring.s. iu. 101. Grand Gulf. Lugustine, ■1 .^ 48 O.'^IRAPIIlrAr. QlirMTfONS. I ' Louiiiana. lO'i, Slircvcprt. 103. Uiiyou yurn. 104. Donuhlsimville. Texas. 105. Galveston. 100. Houston. 107. Hrowncvillo. lOM, Sun Antonio. 100. 110. 111. llli. li:i. Miitagonla. I'ort Lavucca. In. What twii unite nnii fortn fho York? One of tliOMo rivcru in roriiifil from tlio .Mat, Ta, To, aixl Ny— Miittapony, l:iO. What two rivtr.H flow into Albi-niarlo Hound ? l.'fT. What two into I'junlim Sound? 1.'{H. Into what docH the Cujio Fear onipt} ? VW What rivers of South Carolina flow into the Atlantic? 140. At the inton^ection of what two rivorH iit Charleston Hituatcd? I U What river BOparates South Carolina and Georgia? I 12. What throe rivers of Georgia flow into the Atiantie' 14!}. What river forms a part of the boundary botwocH Georgia and Florida? 144. What two rivers unito and form tho Alutamalm? 145. AVliat river of Florida flows into tho Atlantic? 14t). What arc tho most important flowing into the Gnlt of Mexico? Se., Aa. 147. What two rivers unite to form the Apalachieola .' 148. What river separates Georgia and Alabama? 149. What river separates Alabama and Florida? 150. What river flows into Mobile Bay? 151. W^hat two rivers constitute the Mobile river? 152. In what State does the Tombigby river take its rise ? 153. What is its principal branch ? I{. Wr. 154. What two rivers unite and form tho Alabama? 155. What river in the northern part of Alabama? 156. What two rivers flow from Jlississippi into the Gulf of Mexico ? 157. What great river flows through Louisiana? The entire length of tho Mississippi and its tributaries is estimated fit 51,000 milesL Its uuvigable waters arc computed to exceed 20,000 uiilett iu length. 5 v^O:. 50 OEOORAPHICAI. QUESTIONS. 1 58. What arc the principal tributaries of the Mississippi in Louisiana? In Mississippi? 159. What two rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico in the State of Mississippi? IGO. What two in Louisiana? Ifil. Wiiat river separates liouisiana and Texas? ]d., Sr 11. What island at the entrance to Green Bay? 22. Wliich of the W estern States consista of two peninsulas ? 23. What range of mountains between Kentucky and Virjf;,inia? 24. Through w'jat Western State does this range extend? 25. In what direction? 26. What rarge of mountains cast of Tennessee ? 27. What ftvo peaks in Missouri? 28. Whet range of mountains on the eastern border of Cali- t.n-ain? S. Na. 29. What range near the coast? :-'0. In what direction do these ranges extend? ol. What Capo and Point on the coast of California? 32. In what State^ and on what river or body of water, are the following cities and towns? 33. Cincinnati. 34. St. Louis. 35. Louisville. 36. Chicago. 37. San Francisco. 38. Detroit. 39. Milwaukee. 40. Columbus. 41. Cleveland. 42. Dayton. 5* 43. Nashville. 44. Little Rock. 45. Frankfort. 46. Indianapoli.s. 47. Springfield, 48. Lansing. 49. Madison. 50. Iowa City, 51. Jefferson City. 52. San Jose. M P ■' I'**?! 51 riEoaRAriiiCAL questions. •)'-^. Ill what part of tho IT near what river or body Ohio. 54. Zanesvillo. 55. Steubenville. 50. Springfield. 57. Xcnia. 58. Sandusky Ci'.y 59. Toledo. CO. Chillicothe. 61. Circleville. 02. Marietta. 03. Portsmouth. Indiana. 04 Madison. 05. New Albany. 66. Evansville. 07. Vincennos. 68. Terrc Haute. 69. Lafayette. 70. Logansport. 71. Fort Wayne. 72. Jlichigan City. 73. Laporte. Kentuch-y. Lexington. Covington. Newport. Maysville. Po'lucah. 79. Georgetown. 74. 75. 70. 77. 78. State to which they belong, and on of water, are the following towns? 80. Maysville. 81. Bardstown. 82. Bowling Green. Tennessee. 83. Memphis. 84. Knoxville. 85. Bolivar. 86. Jackson. 87. Columbia. 88. Murfreesboro'. 89. Lebanon. 90. Clarksville. Illinois. 91. Peoria. 92. Galena. 93. Alton. 94. Belleville. 95. Kaskaskia. 9(i. Jacksonville. 97. Quiney. 08. Cairo. 99. Waukegan. Michigan. 100. Ann Arbor 101. Jackson. lOL. Marshall. 103. Kalamazoo. 104. Niles. 105, 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 137. ^ A. The 138. I This is been expk and found 139. \ A. The These S to by inva 140. L 141. V This re{ GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 56 r belong, and on 105. Monroe. 121. Dubuque. lowing towns? 106. Adrian. 122. Keokuk. ille. 107. Pontiac. 123. Musoatine. town. 108. Grand Kapida. ig Green. 109. Mackinaw. Missouri. 110. Saut Ste. Marie. 124. Lexington. essee. 125. BooneviJle. (his. Wisconsin. 126. Independence. nlle. 111. Racine. 127. St. Joseph. r. 112. Kenosba. 128. Hannibal. )n. 113. Ozaukee. 129. Columbia. bia. 114. Janesville. 130. St. Charles. cesboro'. 115. Mineral Point. 131. Cape Girardeau. on. 110. Sheboygan. 132. Louisiana. ville. 117. Fond du Lac. 118. Waukesha. California. nois. 133. Sacramento City. Iowa. 134. Stockton. 1. 119. Burlington. 135. San Diego. 120. Davenport. 136. Monterey. ■ille. iskia. mville. y- egan. lignn. \.rbor m. lall. lazoo. 137. What great natural curiosity is in Kentucky? A. The Mammoth Cave. 138. In what county, and near what rivei, is it? This is one of the must rcmnrkable caves in the world. It has been explored for a distance of ten or twelve miles from its mouth, and found to contain numerous spacious apartments. 139. What great natural curiosity in Arkansas? A. The Hot Springs. These Springs are about eighty in number, and are much resorted to by invalids. 140. In what part of the State arc they found? 141. Where is the mineral region of Michigan? This region is particulorl^ lioh in copper and iron. n 66 OKOfiRAl'IllCAL QUESTIONS. 14l2. What niiucs arc fdiiml in Missouri? 143. What mines in Wisconsin? 144. In what part of Missouri arc the Iron Mountain and Tilot Knob? These mountains consist of great masses of iron ore, nearly pure. 145. What lake north of Ohio? 146. How long i."? this Lake? 147. What two lakes east of Michigan? 148. What lake between Lakes Erie and Huron ? 149. What lake separates IMichigan and AVisconsin? 150. What lake north of Michigan? 151. What arc the two principal bays of Lake Huron? 152. What is the principal bay of Lake Michigan? 153. What two lakes flow into this bay? 154. What two bays on the southern boundary of the upper peninsula of Michigan? 155. What bay on the north of the same peninsula ? 156. What bay on the north-east of this peninsula? 157. Name the bays on the coast of California. I J. What are the two rivers flowing into the Bay of San Francisco? 159. Into what does the Feather river flow? Yuba? Bear? Klamath? Mohave? 160. Through what two great rivers does most of the water of the Western States reach the sea? 161. What name is given to the tract of country lying be- tween the Alleghany and Rocky Mountains? A. The Valley of the Mississippi. 162. Can you assign any reason for its being so called? If so, give it in your own language. 163. What is the length of the Mississippi river? A. Reckoning from the source of the Missouri, its longest brnneli, it extends throughout the distance of 4100 miles. The length of the Mississippi proper is 2800 miles. I The arc its trihuta 164. V included i 105. A UiO. \ Arkan.'a.s 107. ^ 108. \ i\rkansas 109. \ 100. A 171. \ 172. \ in the eas 173. A 174. \ 175. \ 170. A 177. ^ tucky anc 178. ? into the ( 179. I flow? 180. J 181. \ 182. \ 183. \ 184. \ 185. \ Michigan • "-^Aiisisaefisssi*-- i n Mountain and a ore, nearly pure. uron ? sconsiu? ikc Huron? chigan ? iry of the upper ninsulu? ainsula? lia. the Bay of San Yuba? Bear? ost of the water •uutry lying be- ; so called? If iver ? s longest brnncli, rbc length of the OEOmiAMllCAL QUK8TI0NS. 67 The areu of the tract of country watered by the MissiHsippi and its trilmtn les is eslimutod iit 1,100,000 si|\mro luik's. 164. Which of the Southern Atlantic States arc jiartially iiidudi'd in the Mississippi Valley? 105. Which of the Middle States? \(\{\. What great river flows through nearly the centre of Arkau.'a.s? 1G7. What three rivers in Arlcansus flow into the Missi.'ssippi ? 1G8. What river fluws across the south-western part of Arkansas? 1G9. What river of Arkansas flows into Louisiana? IGO. What n rivers unite and form the White river? 171. What 1, ,.' flows twice across the State of Tennessee? 172. What are the four principal branches of the Tennessee in the eastern part of the State? 173. What one in the western part of the State? 174. What river of Tennessee flows into the Mississippi? 175. What river on the northern boundary of Kentucky? 17G. What two rivers flow into the Ohio near its mouth? 177. What river forms a part of the boundary between Ken- tucky and Virginia ? 178. Name the remaining rivers of Kentucky which flow into the Ohio. 179. In what general directi' u do the rivers of Kentucky flow? 180. Name the principal rivers of Ohio. 181. Which of them flow into the Ohio? 182. Which into Lake Erie? 183. What river between Indiana and Illinois? 184. What are the principal branches of the W^abash ? 185. W'hat river from Indiana flows through the State of Michigan into the lake of that name? Is! ii im" ,.]■ lis 'si-.; am.. 58 OEOflKAl'IIICAI, QIIKSTIONS. \ m 186. What river bounds Illiiioifi oh the west!* What on the south? 187. What three riverH of Illinois flow into the Mississippi? 18H. Into what river docs the Siingiimon flow? 18!>. In what State docs the Kunkiil is ihoMnl.t by tiie ii.lmbitnnts inudi tn resemble I'alcHtinr-, .,.• tbr lUly I-»'..l. Utiili Uko Ih a body of fr,.,h wiitiT, HowiiiK tl.n.uKl. a river, tl.e .Innliin, into tl.e Oroat Sail Luke- HO also Lake Tiberias, a bo.ly of fresh water, Mown llinMich a nvc'r tho Jordan, into ll»<> Head Hoa (xee .Map No. 27). Tl.e water of both tho Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake ia Halt,. and the valleyn gurroundiiig both lakes arc enclosed by high mountains. 13. Near what great river in Minnesota is tho principal part of the population of that Territory? 14, Who inhabit principally Missouri and Indian Territories? A. Indians. 15, Name some of tho principal tribes. By tho treaty of Fort Laramie, in IHr.l. all the wanderinj? tribes north of the Arkansas river, and cast of tho Rocky Mountains, had special bounda assigned to them for their occupation. Such bounds wore assiRned the Cl.erokees, CreokH, Choctaws, and other tribes, many years since. 16. Where is Fort Laramie? 17. Where Council Bluffs? 18. Which of tho Territories is largest? Which smallest? 19, Which contains the greatest population? 20, In what Territory are the following places? 21. St. Paul. 25, Fillmore City, 22 Salem. 2G. Santa m. 2.'5. Oregon City. 27. Salt Lake City. 24. Albuquerque, 28. Astoria. 29. In what Tr.ritory, and how situated, is Fort Gibson? FortTowson? Fort Leavenworth? 30. Near what States are these forts? G f W" i^-i» m I 02 nKOnRArmOAl, QirEHTIONR. !M. In what Tfrritory ix Fuit Siu'llinji? F ? :'>'2. In wlml Tirritiiiy iirw tlm CJicut Fulls of the Mifnouri? Tiiu FulU (if St. Anthony y ;):J. Nnnio the Statert und TcrritoriiH throiigli which tho Mis- Houri trailers pass, procccJiiig to Santa Vv from inili'|»cii(U'nLT. JU. What rivtTH Jo they cro«H':' 85. Nome tho Territories cnmsed by oniij,'rant» pro(TCillii{: from tho waiip point to Oregon. 3f». Tell whaf rivers and mountains thoy would pa.ss. 37. What, in going to Utah? California? ThoHo routcn lire »liown by lines upon the miips. OKNEHAI. QUKSTIONS, To be nnstee, fd from any nf the United States Maps. It i« the (Ipxipn of the foUowins qucstionH to make a prnctical application of tht- study of Geography to the course of trade and ImsinoHH in the United States. Ditlcreiit Hoctions of tho Union httve natural and artificial means of cdinmunieaticn with each other. Natural channels of communi- cation are the rivers and lakes with which our country abounds, and the sounds, "jays, gulfs and oceans, which border or indent Us coosta. Artificial channels are railroads, canals, and common roads. Merchandise and passengers may be transported most cheaply by natural channels ; second in point of cheopncss of carriage, will rank tho canal ; and, lastly, tho railroad. The latter, however, may be constructed where canals are impracticable ; and passage by them, likewise, is effected at all seasons with much greater rapidity and certainty. Second in point of rapidity of transportation are vessels propelled through water by the power of steam. Tho principal rail- roads and canals will be found laid down upon the maps, and the extent of navigation of tho diffcnnt rivers will be found designated by appropriate emblems. It is suggested to teachers that questions similar to these, minute in detail as to the section of country in which they reside, may bo asked with much profit to tho pupil. wBV^\ || irt Ili|-lt> ? if the MisHouri? I wliich till! Mis- Iiuli'ppiKU'nct'. runts prix-pcdiiig uld pass. States Maps. make a practical urse of trade ami 1(1 artificial means uncU of cominuni- intry abounJs, and r indent its coasts, on roads. !d most cheaply by carriage, will rank however, may be paRsage by them, •eater rapidity ond irtntion are vessels Tlio princiiial rail- tho maps, nndthe ; found designated to these, minute in !8ide, may bo asked OEOQUAI'llirAI. m;K«TION.<'. 68 l.Ncw V'ork is tho gn'ttt iniirt for tlie forei>.'n tratlo of tlio rountr)': lu>w may silk goods, itn|iorttMl into Now York, bo trnnsportcd by wator to (Ihiongo, llliiiolHi' A. I'p the Hudson rlvor to Albony, thence by Frie Ciuial to Uuf- liilo, thence by l.iike Krif, the Kctroit rivi-r, Liiku St. Clnlr, the river St. Clair, l.iikfi Huron, Htraits of Muckiniic, and Lake Michigan, to Cliicngo. Tho above (|U0Htion Is answered to Indicate to the pupils tiio kind of reply expected from tliem. In dcHuribiiijt routes either by natural or artificial channeb. of cummunicatiun, let each change, however flight, be mentioned. 'J. Uy what route may a cargo of ico from Hoston bo trnns- portod by wator to Montg.)iiicry, .'Inbunin? 3. Through what v iters woi '. a vos.scl 'is.", fri ightod with lumber, fnmi Umigor for Hartford, Ct.? 4. Name tho wufors through which vv^uld be trun.sportod a cargo of pork from riiiciniiat= ♦" Baltimore. fy. How may tho load of fl ilcnu ond Dubuijue bo uan.sportcd to tho maimfuotorics in Now j'ork oity? 6. How may the copper and iron of Lake Superior be trans- ported to tho manufacturers in I'ittsburg? 7. Through what waters would a steamboat pa.«H, transport- ing the manufactures of Pittsburg to Tuscumbia, Alabama? 8. Name the railroads over which a car, built in Newark, N. J., would be taken, in order to roach the city of Washington. Through what States, and across what rivers, would it pass!" 9. Mention the route of shipment of furs from the head- waters of the Yellowstone to St. Louis. How thence to New York? 10. Name '.i„ 'oute by which you would ship whale-oil from New Bedford Savannah ? 11. Through what waters would a vessel pass, loatled with wheat from the Willamette Valley for San Francisco? ^ 'in 1! 64 aEOGRAPIIICAIi QUESTIONS. 12. IMuch sugar is transported from New Orleans 1o tbo cities upon the lakes : name the waters through which it would be taken to Milwaukee. 13. How would you transport tobacco from Richmond, Va., to Portland, Me. ? 14. How would you transport the tar of Wilmington, N. C, to Portsmouth (N. H.) Navy-Yard? 1 5. Name the waters through which a vessel would pass, transporting granite from Hallowell, Me., to Galveston, Texas? 10. How would you transport woollen goods from Boston to Detroit, Mich. ? The routes may be given as the pupil pleases ; by railroad, canal, or natural water channel of communication, or a part of each. 17. Name the routes of transportation of rice from Savannah to Buffalo, N.Y.? 18. How would you convey a cargo of coal from Philadelphia to Lowell, Mass. ? 19. How would you return, by a different course, manufac- tured cottons to Philadelphia? 20. Name a course, partly by water and partly by land, for emigrants from New York city to Burlington, Iowa. 21. How would you forward cotton from Charleston, S. C, to Lawrence, Mass. ? How to York, Me. ? Manchester, N. H. 22. Dcf.cribe the route of a travelling excursion from St. Augustine, Florida, to Cape May, Newport, the White Moun- tains, Saratoga, Niagara Falls, and thence to ]\Tontreal and Quebec. 23. Describe the return trip, during which the Mammoth Cave, the Hot Springs of Arkansas, and New Orleans, are visited. In describing the aboTC trip, name the States through which you would pass, the direction in wliich you would travel, the rivers you would cross, and the lakes, canals, other bodies of water, and rail- roads, on the route. 24. W 25. W 26. W 27. W 28. W 29. W 30. W 31. W 32. W 33. W schools? 34. W public lil 35. W of iron? 36. W of cotton 37. W 38. W 39. W same yea 40. M Union ? 41. A\ more tha 42. "« 43. "SA manufaci 44. \y 45. A1 iug impli 46. V schools? C ;:^"*itiaSJ » Orleans 'to tbo 1 which it would Richmond, Va., Imington, N. C, ssel would pass, alveston, Texas? 1 from Boston to by railroad, canal, art of each. e from Savannah rom Philadelphia course, manufac- artly by land, for , Iowa. Charleston, S. C, Hanchester, N. H. tcursion from St. ;he White Moun- to Montreal and ;h the Mammoth >rleans, are visited. through which you avel, the rivers you of water, and rail- GEOGBAPIIICAL QUESTIONS. 66 -2i. Which was the earliest settled of the United States? 25. Which is the largest? 26. Which is the most populous? 27. Which produces the most Indian corn? 28. Which produces the most cotton? 29. Which the most sugar? 30. Which grows the most wool? 31. Which produces the most tobacco? Ilcnip? 32. Which State has the largest school fund? 33. Which appropriates most money for the support of public: schools? Which has most pupils in her schools? 3-1. Which State has the greatest number of volumes in it.< public libraries? 35. Which State has the greatest amount of manufactures of iron? 36. Which State has the greatest amount of manufactures of cotton? 37. Which has the greatest amount of manufactures of wool ' 38. Which State built most steamboats in 1850? 39. Which State built most vessels of all kinds during the same year? 40. Which State contains the most populous city in the Union ? 41. Which State has most cities containing a population of more than 10,000? 42. Which State contains the greatest number of counties? 43. Which State has the greatest amount of home-made manufactures ? 44. Which State has the greatest value of live stock? 45. AVhich Statp has the greatest amount in value of farm- ing implements and machinery? 46. Which State has most students in her colleges? Law schools? Theological Seminaries? 6* W If CG GEOORAI'HICAL QUESTIONS. 1 1* 1 MAP NO. XVI. MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND TIIE WEST INDIES. 1. What division on the north of ]\Iexico? 2. What gulf on the east? o. What ocean on the we&t'/ 4. What peninsula in the west? h. What capo at its southern extren)ity? (). What islands near the entrance to the Gulf of California? 7. What three islands in this gulf? 8. What igland cast of Mexico? Ls. 9. What mountains extend through Mexico? 10. IJy what name is this range known furtlier north? Ky. 11. What volcano in the southern part of Mexico? PI. The word Popocntiipctl signifies smoking mountaiu. l^, is an active volcano, ]7,7l!0 feet in height. 12. AVhat cape on the east of Mexico? What on the west? 13. What gulf separates Lower California and Mexico? 14. What gulf in the south-western part of the State ? 15. What bay on the north and east? 16. What rivers flow from the United States into the Gulf of California? 17. What four rivers of Mexico flow into the Gulf of California? 18. What three into the Pacific Ocean? 19. What one into the Bay of Campeche? 20. What three into the Gulf of Mexico? 21. What two rivers separate Mexico from the United States ? R. Ge., Ga. 22. What lake in the centre of the State? Ca. 23. What in the northern part? Cn. 6* 35. W (See Map It is pi with La V the (listan( 18C miles, large size 36. A. Of vador, an( 37. W 38. A\ 39. B< rica situi 40. Ii 4 4 4 4 4 51. T 52. \ ■-"^iU,i:^:- ' t^ » ST INDIES. f of California 'I cr north i* Ey. exjco? PI. 1. it is an active at on the west ? id Mexico? the State? a into the Gulf the Gulf of 3 United States? Ca. OEOlUtAl'mCAL QUESTIONS. ffj 24. Tell where the following places in Mexico are situated, and, if you can, for what they are noted : 25. Jlexico. 30. Guadalaxara. 26. San Luis Potosi. 31. La Puebla. 27. Vera Cruz. 82. Matamoras. 28. Bueua Vista. 33. Monterey. 29. Jalapa. 3-1. Mazatlan. 85. What river flows northerly into the Gulf of Mexico? (See Map No. XVIII.) It is proposed to connect Minatitlan, on this river, by railroad, with La Ventoso, on the Pacific. The route has been surveyed, and tlie distance found to be 170 miles, or, from the mouth of the river, 18G miles. This river is reported to be navigable for vessels of u large size to Minatitlan during all seasons of the year. CENTB.\L AMERICA. 36. Of what docs Central America consist? A. Of five States, viz., Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, San Sal- vador, and Costa Bica. 37. Which of these States extends farthest north and west? 38. Which farthest south? 89. Between what two great bodies of water is Central Ame- rica situated? 40. lu which State are the following cities? 41. Old Guatimala. 46. Truxillo. 42. San Salvador. 47. San Juan del Norte. 43. SinJosd. 48. Leon. 44. New Guatimala. 49. San Miguel. 45. Granada. 50. Managua. 51. Tell which of the above are near the Pacific coast. 52. What range of mountains extends through this region? :-i t 'IS OKOORAPniOAT. QUESTIONS. (^ M- 53. Where is the Mosquito Shore? Mosquitin, or the Mosquito Shore, is inhabited by native tribe?, ami nominally governed by a native king. It is really undei' the con- frul of Great Britain. 54. Wliat bay on the east of Central America? 55. "What bay on the north? 56. What gulfs on the Pacific coast? 57. Name the volcanoes of Central America. GeograjOiers enumerate 38 volcanoes in Central America. Among tlie most remarkable of them is the volcano of Isalco, which ha? arisen within the last eighty years. It is in a constant state of erup- tion, discharging ashes and cinders at regular intervals of about a ((uarter of an hour each. 58. What rivers flow into the Ciiribbcan Sea? 59. What is the principal lake of Central America? GO. How long is Lake Nicaragua? Gl. What lake north of it? (See Map No. XVII.) It is proposed to connect Lake Nicaragua with the Pacific Ocean by a ship canal. The distance, at the nearest point of connection, is only 17 miles. G2. What cape on the cast of Central America? 63. What on the south? North? 64. What small division uortli f Ue. 65. To what European nation does it belong? A. Great Britain. 66. What is the principal town, and where situated? 67. What isthmus north of the Balize? 68. What is the capital of Yucatan? 69. Between what sea and bay is Yucatan situated? 70. What island on the east of it? 71. Of A. A col 72. Wli 73. Wli Ale Wl Wi Wl 74. 75. 76. 77. Kouth? 78. Wl The Spa 79. Wl Britain? The Cri 80. W govcrnmc A- Hay 81. W When? 82. Oi Kingston Principe i 83. 0; Cruzf < 84. la 85. y\ 86. V 87. V 88. Y ^*'*"^ ' m^ p. by native trilic?, [y undei' the con- a? .mcrica. Among salco, whicli ha? int state of erup- 3rvals of about n ? mcrica? XVII.) the Pacific Ocean ; of connection, is ■ica? situated ? ituated? GEOORAPUICAL QUESTIONS. WEST INDIES. C9 71. Of what do the West Tmlics consist? A. A collection of islands. 72. "What do they comprise? (Sec Remarks on Maps.) 78. Wliieli arc the (Jreat Antilles? 74. Along what grand division do the Little Antilles lie? 75. Where do the Bahama Islands lie? 70. Where the Caribbcc Islands? 77. What are those called north of latitude IS"^? What south? 78. Which of them belong to Spain? The Spanish West Indies are colored yellow. 79. Which are the principal islands belonging to Great Britain ? The British islands are colored pink. 80. Which one of the West Indies consists of two distinct governments ? A. Hay ti— the Empire of Hayti, and the Republic of Domisiica. 81. Which island was the first land discovered by Columbus? When? 82. On what island is the city of Havana? Port-au-Prince ? Kingston? St. John's? Matan?as? St. Dcmingo? Puerto Principe ? Bridgetown ? 83. Of what group is Turk? Islaud one? Martinico? Santa Cruzf Curafoa? 84. Is Barbadoes a Windward or a Leeward Island? 85. What is Antigua, a Vv indward or a Leeward Island? g T A " I S T I C A 1 . 86. Which is the largest of the West Indies? 87. Which next in size? Next? ,. 88. Which baa most population? p. /'H ll m •0 OEOORAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 89. WLi/ii contains thu mcst populous city? 90. W' ut [.'■ that city? What is its population? 01 What 'i' ^ of the United States contains about the same j/cpulation !is ivingston? Havana? St. Johns? Bridgetown? 92. Whicli 18 the largest city of Mexico? 93. AVbich. of Central America? 94. What cities of the United States have a population gn.afi-i' it.au that of the city of Mexico? 95. What is the distance of New York from San Francisco l>\~ the Pisnama route? ^' J. \\'\mi by the Nicaragua route ? 97 . What by the Tehuantepeo route ? 98. Describe the bodies of water through which you would pass, and the land divisions you would cross, by each of these routes. (See Maps Nos. XVI., XVII., XVIII., XIX., and XX., and notes under question 37, page 67 ; q. 61, p. 68 ; and q. 15, p. 76.) MAP NO. XIX. SOUTH AMERICA. 1. In what direction from here is South America? 2. What sea on the north of it? 8. What ocean on the east? 4. What ocean on the west? 5. Of what does South America consist?* A. Of nine Republics, the Empire of Brazil, the English, Dutch, and French colonies of Guiana, and Patagonia, 6. Name the nine republics. A. New Orenada, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chili, Bue- nos Ayres, Paraguay, and Uruguay. 7. Tell which of the above divisions border on the Carib- bean Sea. 8. Which border oa the Atlantio Ocean ? ?•; ? tion 'I 8 about the same s? Bridgetown? ive a population n Sao Franciscn which you would by each of these III., XIX., and I- 61, p. 68; and r.KOORAPlllCAI- QUESTIONS. 71 0. Which bi)rder on the I'acific? 10. Which division extends from ocean to ocean? 11. Which division borders on both the Caribbean Sea and I'acific? 1'2. Which division is entirely inland ? 13. Which division extends farthest north? 14. Which farthest ca.st? l.'i. Which extends farthest west? South? 16. Bound each of the following divisions: 23. Brazil. 17. Patagonia. 24. Uruguay. 2r>. Chili. 26. Bolivia. lerica f le English, DutcL, tolivia, Chili, Bue- jr on the Carib- 18. New Grenada. 19. Paraguay. 20. Ecuador. 21. Venezuela. 27. Peru. 22. Guiana. 28. Buenos Ayres. 29. Which division of Guiana is farthest west? 30. Which is farthest east? 31. Of what divisions are the following cities and towns the capitals? 32. Caraceas. 37. Lima. 33. Bogota. 38. Chuquisaca, 34. Quito. 39. Santiago. 35. Buenos Ayres. 40. Rio Janeiro. 36. Assumption. 41. Montevideo. 42. Tell where the above cities are situated? 43. Name the islands on the coast of Venezuela. 44. To what group do these islands belong? L. As. 45. Which one of them belongs to Venezuela? A. Margarita. 46. What island on the coast of Brazil, just south of the Kquator ? ^ •IT' I ft;. I I 72 aEOOKAl'HlCAL QUESTIONS. 47. Name the remaining islands upon the coast of Brazil, la., As,, Ca., St. Ca., Ti. 48. What group of islands cast of Patagonia ? 49. To what nation do tlicy belong? A. Great Britaiu. 50. What island south of Tatagonia? 51. What east of Terra del Fuego'i' 52. What single island and group south? 53. What three archipelagoes west of I'atagouia? 54. What island south of Chili? 55. Where are the islands of St. Felix and Juan Fernandez? 56. By what names are the separate islands of -"'^uan Fer- nandez known ? 57. For what is one of them noted? A. For the ttdventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch sailor, whose four years' solitary residence on this Island is supposed to have formed the basis of Defoe's well-known tale of llobinsou Crusoe. 58. Which ia the most northern cape of South America? 59. Which the most eastern? 60. ■^Vhich the most southern? 61. On what island is this cape? lit. 62. Which is the most western cape? 63. Thi ro is another cape of the same name in South Amo- rica; where is it situated? 04. What cape in the north-cast corner of Brazil? 65. Into what body of water does this cape project? 66. What cape on the coast of Brazil, near the Tropic of Capricorn ? 67. What two capes on the coast of Buenos Ayres? 68. What cape forms the western extremity of Terra del Fuego? 69. Into what body of water does this cape project? 70. What peninsti'a on the east of Patagonia? 71. 72. of J- 73. 74. -*as,'iV- '1^^ t ti riKonRAPniCAL qukbtionb. 78 coast of Brazil. ;ouia? ruan Fernandez? [Is of -^uan Fcr- Botch sailor, whose aed to have formed rusoe. lutb America? e in South Amo- Brazil ? project? &r the Tropic of 3 Ayres? lity of Terra del project? lia? P^ 71. What on tlio wcfn river anil its trilmturieH water a ronion exceeding in exU lit twj million snuare miles. The Anmzun receives, in its cimrse towards the sea, tho woters of ut least twenty noblo rivor^ navigable nearly to their sources, besides numerous leas important streams. The inliind navigation of this great river and its branches is i limatcd to exceed 50,000 miles. i;}.'). Name the th-co most important northern branches. No,, Ca., Po. 130. Name tho six most important southern branches. Xu., Ts., Ma., Ps., Ja., Jy. 137. Name tho two rivers forming tho Amazon. Ne,, Ta. 138. What branch of the Amazon is connected with the Orinoco? 139. By what river is this connection made? Cc. This is a most remarkable connerlion, by a navigable river, of two of the largest rivers in the world. There is probably uo other such connection on the globe. 140. What river of Brazil flows into tho Atlantic near the Amazon ? 141. Name two other rivers of Brazil flowing into tho Atlantic. 142. What river forms the western boundary of Truguay? 143. What the cai::'.'rn and southern boundary of Paraguay? 144. What the westtni? ii Ttl OKOOBAPIIirAIi QIJMTIONS. 145. What two rivcPH of Huenoji Ayros flow iuto tlio Para- guny? I'o , Vo. lit;. What two into tho Tanina? So., To. M". What river in tlio southurn part of Huono,<) AyrcH? 141^. What for»!i« a part of tlio boumlary between Huenos Ayresi and I'sitagonia'!* 14!). Tlicrc are two other rivcr« in South America of the same name with this; where are they? l")!). What two rivers in i'litagonia? 151. What river flows north-westerly into the Caribbean Sea? (Sec Map No. XX.) 15'J. What town at the mouth? 153. What bay caot? 154. What town on an iwlaml in this bay? 155. To what place docs a rail-oad cxtcnil from this town? 15G. What bodies of water aro connected by this road? 15T. What rivers are crossed by it? 158. What town about midway of the isthmus, on the line of this road? This map represents the route of the Panama Railroad, now nearly completed. It is by this course thiU n large portion of the travel to and from the Atlantic States and Ciilifornia goes forward. STATISTIOAL. 159. Which is the largest division of South America? 160. Which next in size? Which next? 101. Which is the smallest? 162. Which is most populous? 163. Which ranks as second in population? 164. Which has least? 1G5. Which is most thickly settled? 166. Wliich least? 107. Which is the larger, North or South America? p. nto tlio Para- ins AjTOH? twcon Hucnos incrica of thu Juribbean Sc-a? in this town? this road? uis, on tbc line road, now nearly of the travel to word. America? mcrica? nEoouAriiu'Ai. ijikstidnh. 77 ir>S. How imich lar>?.'r is tho oiif tlmn tlin otbcr? KiU. WbicU li the litigcr, Hn zil or Ilritish AnuTira? 17(>. Name the ino^t pKiiulou.s city of South Anierioa. 171. Name the next three in order, ami Htato where they are situaN-d. IT'J. The next two. The next. 1T3. Give the population of the last. GENERAL QUESTIONS — AMERICA. 1. ITow many empires arc there in America? 2. Name them. ;}. "What European nations have posHeHftious in America? 4. Which of these have the greatest amount of territory? 5. Through how many zones does America extend? (1. In which zone should you think the greater part of tho continent to be? 7. Are any divisions of North America in tbc Torrid Zone? S. If so, name them. !». What part of America is crossed by the Equator? 10. Name the countries through which this line pauses. 11. What is the Equator? 12. Name the countries cros.scd by tlie Tropic of Capricorn. 13. What divisions are crossed by the Tropic of Cancer? 14. In which of the Frigid Zones is any part of America? 15. Which is farthest east, Quito or Washington? IJostun or Caraccas? Cincinnati or Vanama? 16. Name the waters through which a vessel would pas^,. transporting California gold to the Mint at Philadelphia. 17. What would bo the general direction, and through whnf. waters would a vessel sail, loaded with coffee, from Rio Janciia for Baltimore ? 18. Is Cape Horn on an island or the main land? ■ l.f jM. w 'ift ■ fe- i «. ■ ^ = !ri ' longest? 98. Whai, two lakes north of the Gulf of Finland? 99. ^Vhat river forms part of the boundary between Europe and Asia? 100. Into what does it flow? 101. What large river of Russia flows into the same sea? 102. What river of Russia flows into the Arctic Ocean? 103. What two into the White Sea? 104. What one into the Gulf of Onega? 105. What into the Gulf of Riga? 106. What two through Prussia into the Gulf of Dantzic? 107. What river separates Sweden and Russia? 108. Name the six rivers of Sweden flowing into the Gulf of Bothria. 109. Into what lake does the Clara flow ? 110. In what range of mountains do these rivers take their vise? 111. What river of Prussia flows northerly into the Baltic? 112. What river of Germany, noted for its beautiful scenery, flows into the North Sea? Re, . vr v 113. Three other rivers from Germany flow into the North Sea: what are they? 114. Name the four principal rivers of France. 115. Which of them has a northerly course? 116. Into wUt does i*- flow? 117. Which has a southerly course? 118. Into wilt does it flow? 119. What is the general course of the remaining two? 120. lato what do they flow ? 121. What river of Spain flows into the Mediterranean? f ; 'I::- ■ lii.' i? 84 GEOOHArmCAI- QUESTIONS. 122. What two rivers flow from Spain through Portugal? 12.3. luto what do they empty? 124. What river in the north of Italy? 125. What river flows through Turkey? 120. From what empire docs it enter Turkey? 127. Into what sea docs it flow? 128. What are its principal branches? 129. What three rivers from Russia flow into the Black Sea? 130. Which is the most important? Its length? 131. Bound Russia. Name its capital. 132. What is the north-western part of Russia called? 133. What the western, adjoining Prussia? Poland wan formerly an iudependent kingdom, larger than France ; but at various times portions of its territory were seized upou nn.l appropriated by llussia, Prussia, and Austria. That vihU-h . cmoineJ of it was, in 1832, made an iutcgi-l part of the Ru .an Empire. 134. What region between the Flack and Caspian Seas? Cs. 135. What people on the Don, in tho south-eastern part of Russia? The CoBsacka of this region, though subject to llussia, are governed by their own lows, and have peculiar usages. They are estimated tu number about 500,000. 137. What jMssessions has Russia, out of Europe? A. Sibciwi, Georgia, and some smaller possessions in Asia; and Russian America, upon the western continent; the entire empire embracing about one-seventh of the land surface of the globe. 138. In what part of Russia, and on what river or other body of water, are the following towns? 139. St. Petersburg. 143. Riga. 140. Moscow. 144. Kazan. 141. Warsaw. 145. Cronstadt. 142. Odessa. 140. Kiev. )Ugb Portugal? cyf ito the Black Sea? ength ? ussia called? ? larger than France ; re seized upou nnil 'hat whicii 'x'tnoineJ Ru .an Empire. Caspian Seas? Cs. th-eastern part of llussia, are governed hey are estimated to Europe? dsions in Asia ; an > - i ---^ i ^-^ i-v v *' ''f ■>v--^-^w^.^-~-?-j.*'i«J**»-'^**'^--fi^.^J/'--:^-^«ff-j^':;^afc£.rt- "Ju ^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // A t/. u. 1.0 1.1 ■50 ""^^ M^^B ^ 1^ 12.2 ■yuu 1.8 — 6" 11:25 III 1.4 11.6 m 'n fliotographic Sciences Corooration 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 ^mmmmmm -■.i*w"*Ei^'fc*.«-..:-> 4' CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inttituta for Historical Microi«productions / InstHut Canadian da microrsproductions liistoriquas i ^ ^■■f igf^r GEOGRAI'HICAL QUESTIONS, 91 MAP NO. XXIV. niANCE, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, AND ITALY. 1. What does Italy comprise? A. Three Kingdoms (Lombardy and Venioe, Sardinia, end Naples), the States of the Church (a Popedom), the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchies of Parma and Modena, the Republic of San Marino, and the Principality of Monaco; in all, nine divisions, 2. AVhat island forms a part of Tuscany? A, Elba, 3. What, a part of the Kingdom of Sardinia? A, Sardinia. 4. What islands form a part of the Kingdom of Naples? A. Sicily, and the Lipari Islands. 5. What range of mountains extends through Italy? G. What mountains on the north 1 7. What celebrated mountain in Sardinia! 8. How high is Mont Blanc? The limit of the snow-line of tliis mountain is 8000 feet above the sea. It was first ascended by Paccard, August 8, 178(5. 9. What celebrated volcano near Naples? Since the year 79, when the cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii were destroyed by this volcano, up to 1850, forty-nine eruptions are recorded. 10. What noted volcano in Sicily? 11. What in the Lipari Islands? 12. Between what two seas is Italy situated? 13. What gulf south of Sardinia? 14. W^hat two east of Naples? 15. What strait separates Sicily and Naples? 16. What, Corsica and Sardinia? 17. What gulf south of the island of Sardinia? 18. What lake between Sardinia and Switzerland? I 1 92 GEOGRAl'HICAL QUESTIONS. 19. What two in Lombardy and Venice? 20. Into what river does the water of these lakes flow ? 21. What divisions of Italy are separated by the To? 22. What river in the States of the Churcli? 23. Which of the Italian States extends furthest north? 24. Which farthest south? East? West? 25. In what part of Italy is San Marino? 26. What division is entirely in the interior? Pa. 27. In what State, and how situated, are the following cities of Italy? 28. Rome. 37. Parma. 29. Naples, '58. Modena. 30. Venice. 39. Cagliari. 31. Milan. 40. Syracuse. 32. Turin. 41. Leghorn. 33. Genoa. 42. Pisa. 34. Florence. 43. Padua. 35. Messina. 44. Mantua. 36. Bologna. 45. Ferrara. 46. Through what cities and towns, and across what rivers, would you pass in proceeding from Genoa, by railroad, to Venice ? 47. How is France boundc'^'' 48. What is its capital? 49. Bound Spain. Name ti. ^..pital. 50. Bound Portugal Name the capital. 51. What islanJ in tue Mediterranean Sea is attached to France? Ca. 52. What gror.p to Spain? Be. 53. Name the islaads constituting the Balearic group. 54. What division of France forms upon its western coast a peninsula? By. % lakes flow ? jr the To? ? thest north '! 1 Pa. e following cities a. >na. ari. 3use. orn. a. bua. ira. cross what rivers, I, by railroad, to lea is attached to janc group. its western coast a OKOflRAinilCAri QUESTIONS. 98 55. Into what bpdy of water docs this peninsula extend? 56. What mount^iins between Franco and Italy? 57. What between France and Switzerland? 58. Between Franco and Spain? 59. What two ranges west of the Rhone? (10. What range in the northern part of Spain? (51. Where in Spain are the mountains of Castile? G2. By what name is this range known in Portugal? 63. What two ranges extend across the southern part of Spain? 64. What two rivers of Spain flow into the Mediterranean? 65. What one of France? Re. 66. What river forms a part of the eastern boundary of Portugal ? . 67. Into what does it flow? 68. What river forms a part of the northern boundary? 69. In what direction and into what does it flow? 70. What two rivers of Spain flow through Portugal into the Atlantic? 71. What two rivers of France flow into the Bay of Biscay? 72. What one into the Englisn Channel? 73. What capo near the Straits of Gibraltar? 74. What cape at the south-western extremity of Portugal? 75. What two capes on the west coast? 76. What one on the west coast of Spain? 77. What on the north? 78. What is the most eastern cape of Spain? 79. What two other capes on. the eastern coast? 80. Describe the following cities and towns, and tell where they are situated : France. 83. Marseilles. 81. Paris. 84. Bordeaux. 82. Lyons. 85- Ro»en- m % liSfci 4% 94 GKOORAHIICAL QUESTIONS. 86. Nantes. 87. Toulouse. 88. Lille. 89. Straaburg. 90. Metz. 91. Rhcims. 92. Toulon. 93. Orleans. 94. Bastia. 95. Ajaccio. Portugal. 96. Lisbon. 97. Oporto. 98. St. Ubcs. 99. Coimbra. Spain. 100. Madrid. 101. Barcelona. 102. Seville. 103. Valencia. 104. Granada. 105. Malaga. 106. Cadiz. 107. Murcia. 108. Cordova. 109. Saragossa. 110. Carthagena. 111. Corunna. 112. Alicant. 113. Port Mahon. 114. Palma. 115. Through what cities and towns would you pass, pro- ceeding by railroad from Calais to Marseilles? 116. Through what, from Havre to Bordeaux? 117. Through what, from Paris to Ghent? Paris to Basle, Switzerland ? 118. What small republic in the north of Spain? A. Andorri-. The independence of this little republic, containing five or six thousand inhabitants, dates from the time of Charlemagne, 700. 119. What are the principal foreign possessions of SpJa? A. The islands of Cuba and Porto Rico, in the West Indies; Ceuta and a few other places on the Barbary Coast ; and a portion of the Philippine and Ladrone Islands, in Ooeanica. 120. What are the principal foreign possessions of Portugnl ? A. The Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verd Islands, in the Atlantic : a few settlements in Southern Africa ; Goa, in the East Indies ; and Macao, in China. tpatn. drid. rcelona. rille. lencia. inada. laga. liz. ircia. •dova. 'agossa. rthagena. runna. cant. rt Mahon. [ma. lid you pass, pro- I lUX? Paris to Basic, Spain? itaining five or six •lemagne, 790. sions of Sp Ja ? West Indies; Ceuta ad a portion of the sions of Portugnl ? ds, ia the Atlantic : a East Indies; and OKOOU.M'HICAIi QUESTIONS. MAP NO. XXV. 05 OREECE AND THE IONIAN ISLAND.S. 1. Bound Greece. Name the capital. Ma. <>. 4. 5. (5. 7. What is the southern part of Greece called? What the uorthrru? lis. What isthmus connects the two? Which lUvision.is a peninsula? AVhat celebrated mountain in Hellas? Ps. What large island on the east of Greece? Nt. 8. The Grecian islands arc colored yellow: name some of tho I'vrgbT of them. 9. The islands of the Archipelago, not colored, belong to Turkey : name the principal of them. 10. In what sea are these islands situated? 11. What two gulfs on the east of Greece? 12. What two on the south? 13. What between the Morea and Hellas? Lo. 14. What gulf between the island of Cephalonia and (ho peninsula of the Morea? 15. What gulf on the north-west of Hellas? 16. What noted battle-field north- aast of Athens? 17. What celebrated pass in the northern part of Grc.nx'.' A. The Pass of Thermopylie. It is situated between mountains on the north, and wutur on tiit- ,uth, is about five miles in length, and consists principally of a Jeep lorass, through which is carried a narrow paved causeway. Here eotiidas and 300 Spartans fell in opposing the advance of an immense Persian army, 489 years before Christ. 18. Where is Athens? Where Syra? On what gulf is Corinth? Napoli? Missolonghi? m4 4l^ •' I ^.itfev. 96 GEOOBAVmCAIi QUKSTI0N8. 19. What group of islands west of Greece? 20. Name the priticipal islands of this group. 21. Which is farthest north? Which south? 22. Under what protection are these islands? A. That of Great Britain. 23. On what island is Zante? Corfu? Kapseli? MAP NO. XIII. GKEAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 1. What docs the United Kingdom of Groat JJritain and Ireland comprise? A. Tlie Kingdoms of Englund, Scotlond, and Ireland, and the Principality of Wales. 2. What do the British Islands include? A. Great Britoin, Ireland, the Isles of Wigiit, Anglesea, Man, tho Soilly Isles, Bute, Arran, tlie Hebrides, and tlie Orkney and Shetlanl Islands. 3. Where is the Isle of Wight? 4. Where is Anglesea? 5. In what sea is the Isle of Man? 6. Where are the Sr'lly Isles? 7. Near what division is Arran ? Bute? 8. In what direction from Scotland are the Hebrides? 9. By what other name are they also known? 10. What channel separates the largest of the Hebrides from Scotland? Mb. Minch means stormy sea. 11. Name the five larger islands of the Hebrides? Ls., Sc, Ml, N. Ut., S. Ut. 12. Where are the Orkney Islands? 13. Where are the Shetland Islands? 14. Which of them is farthest north? ■r" p- b? J? [apsclil D. rrcat Jiritain and I Ireland, and the Anglesea, Man, tho rkney and Shetlan'l Hebrides? mi the Hebrides from brides? Ls., Sc, CKOfinAPIUCAI. QUESTIONS. 9T 15. 'NVbich is tlic birgcst of the Shetland Isles? IG. "Which of the Orkney Islamls? 17. What sea cast of Hcotluiid and England? 18. "What channel south of England? 10. "What channel Mouth of Wales? 20. What sea and ocean west of England? 21. What ocean north, west, and south of Ireland? 22. What north and west of Scotland? 23. What are tho foreign possessions of Great Hritain? They cousist of colonies in Asia, Africa, North and South Ame- rica, and Oceanica; the whole nearly equalling in extent the area of the Uussian Empire, and comprisiMg, with the exception of the Chi- nese Empire, the greatest number of people on the globe under the control of one sovereign. 24. Where is the Island of Staffa ? This island is noted for its extensive caves ; among them, Fingal's Cave, celebrated for its marvellous beauty and grandeur. 25. In what part of Ireland is the Giants' Causewu} ? This is a platform, 400 feet in height, projecting into tho sea about 700 feet, ai\d much resembling a pier. It contains about 40,000 per- fectly formed columns. Popular legend ascribes this stupendous formation to the labor of giants seeking to construct a roud across the sea to Scotland. 26. What is the most northern cape of Great Britain? D. Hd. 27. What the wost sonthern? L. Pt. 28. What is the south-western extremity of Grea. Britain called? 29. What is the most southern cape of Ireland'' The most western ? 30. What the most northern? M. Hd. • 31. What is the most eastern point of Scotland? B. Ns. 32. What the most western? A. Pt. Capes on these islands are known by the names of Head, Nesa, and Point. 9 i I ' j; i'. M <1F.0C1RAI'HICAI< QIIEMTI0N9. ;{o. Where in Sootlnnd are the Orampian Hills? ;i4. Where Ikn Nevis'/ Cuirngorm? .H5. In what part of tho kingiloiu are the Choviot Hills? !»). Where is Ilelvcllyn? Scii Fell? ;J7. Where is Mount Snowdon? 38. What mountain iu Ireland? 39. VVhiit arc the two princijml bays west of Ireland? Oy., Dl. 40. Name two others, and tell where thoy nro. 41. What harbor on the south of Ireland? 42. What bays on the east? 43. What bay south of Wales? Cn. 44. What one west? Cn. 45. Where is the Sound of Jura? 40. Where is Pentland Firth? 47. What island is separated from Scotland by it? Firth, or Frith, means the etroit or passage of water connecting a river with the sea, or connecting two parts of the sea. 48. Where is Dornoch Firth? Murray Firth? The Firth ofTay? Firth of Forth? 49. What Firth between England and Scotland? 50. What Firth west of the southern part of Scotland? 51. In what part of Scotland is Loch Shin? 52. Is Loch Lomond in Scotland or Ireland? 53. Where is Lough Ncagh? 54. Ib Lough Swilly in Scotland or Ireland? Loch or Lougli, in Scotland and Ireland, means a lake, or an inlet of the sea. 55. What river flows into Murray Firth? 56. What two into the North Sea, near Aberdeen? 57. What one into the Firth of Tay? 58. What into the Firth of Forth? K-,* T--^- U 9^g hoviot Hills? rest of Ireland 2 are. J by it? r water couuectiog a I sea. ^irth? The Firth )tland? , of Scotland? n? nd? id? na a lake, or an inlet Aberdeen ? OEOOHAI'IlICAr, QUKSTIONf. OD 59. What river foriiiH a part of tho boundary bftwofii Kng- land end Scotland? 00. Wiiat throe rivcns flow into the North Sea between the Tweed and Ilumbcr? 61. Into what does the Ilumber flow? (12. Name the rivers flowing into the Ilumbor. 63. Name tho rivers flowing into tho Wash. 04. What important river in the south-east of England ? 65. What two rivers of the same name flow into t; a Severn ? 66. There is still another river of the same name in Eng- land: where is it, and into what does it flow? 67. Where is tho Severn? 08. Where is the Mersey? 69. What rivers flow into tho Firth of Forth? 70. What into the Firth of Clyde? 71. What river of Ireland has a south-western course into tho Atlantic? 72. What river flows into Wexford Harbor ? 73. What into Cork Harbor? 74. What three into Waterford Harbor? 75. What river flows into Dublin Bay? 76. In what part of Ireland is Lake Killarney ? 77. Where in England is Lake Windermere? These lakes ore much visited by travellers, and admired for their beautiful scenery. 78. In what part of the British Islands are the following citie.^i and towns, and on or near what body of water are they situated? Tell also, if you can, for what each of these places is noted. 79. London. 84. Birmingham. 80. Liverpool. i^- Leeds. 81. Glasgow. ' 86. Edinburg. 82. Manchester. 87. Bristol. 83. Dublin. 88. Sheffield. 9 100 (lEOdRAI'HICAL QUEHTI0N8. 80. Plyiiinuth. 1)0. IJcIfaat. 01. Dundcu. 02. Newcastle. 03. Cork. 04. AberJccii. 05. I'ai.sley. 00. Ounibridge 07. Greenock. OH. Wtttciford. 00. rcrtli. 100. Drogheda. 101. Ilolylioiid. 102. PortHIIlDUtll. 103. Norwich. 104. Limerick. 105. liciccstor. 100. Nottiiigliuin. 107. Oxford. 108. Hull. 100. Lei til. 110. Gttlwuy. 111. Mortliyr Tydvil. 112. Holywoll 113. What cities would you pass through, proceeding by railroad from Falmouth to InverncHS? 114. What, proceeding from London to Liverpool? Liver- pool to Ayr? 115. What, proceeding from London, through Birmingham, to Holyhead? 117. What strait would bo crossed by this last route? This strait is crossed by a suspension bridge, nearly a thousand feet in length, elevated one hnndrcd feet aboye high water, and con- structed at an expense of more than a million of dollars. A tubular Buspension bridge has also recently »>«cn carried across this strait. 118. Name the towns you would pass through, going from Dublin to Cork by the railroad inland route. 110. What towns would you pass through, returning from Cork, near the line of the coast? 120. What towns would you pass through, going from Dub- lin to Galway by railroad? 121. In what direction would you trayel? 122. In what direction is Belfast from Dublin ? 123. What cities or towns on the line of the railroad are between? nil V. imoutli. riuli. )riuk. I'stcr. .rd. I. h. ivuy. tliyr Tydvil. ywell b, proceeding by vcrpool ? Liver- igU Birniingbain, last route ? , nearly a thousand gh water, and con- iloUara. A tubular cross this strait. ough, goiDg from ti, returning from I going from Dub- 3lin? f the railroad arc OEOCinAPlIICAL QUESTIONS. 101 BTATISTICAr- AND (IKNKIIAI, QUEHTI0N.1. 1. How docs Kumpo coniiiim! in hI/.u with tbo Iliiitod States? 2. Wliut two divisions of Nortli Amoricu inu.st bo fuldod to tbo Ui'itcd States, to corapuro nearly in area with Kuropo? 1). Aa. and Yn. 3. Which division of Europe is tho largest? 4. Which is next in size ? Which next? 5. Which division contains tho greatest population? fi. Which next in amount? WMiieh next? 7. Which is most densely settled? 8. Which is most sparsely settled? y. What State of tbo United States is about tho size of Turkey ? 10. What State is about thrico tbo size of Great Britain and Ireland? 11. Two of tbo United States arc very nearly tbo same size as England: which aro they? 12. One has about tbo same area as Wales: which is it? 13. Which of the two has tho greater population? 14. One is about the size of Scotland : give its name. 15. One of tbo United States is about a thousand miles larger than Ireland: which is that? 16. Which is the largest city of Europe? 17. How many other cities of Europe contain a g\-eater population than New York? Nome them, 18. Two cities of Europe have about the bame population as Philadelphia: what are they? 19. Europe has five cities containing a greater population than Philadelphia: name them. 20. Can you tell the number of cities in Europe containing u population greater than 100,000? 9* V 102 OEOGRAPIIICAL QUESTIONS. 21. IIow many are there in the United States? 22. A noted city of Italy has about the same population ab Cincinnati : name the city. 23. A city of France has about the same population as New Orleans : mention the name. 24. Baltimore has a little less population than a celebrated city of Italy : name that city. 25. What city of England has about the same population as IJoston ? 26. To what country does Hungary belong? 27. Where is Lapland? 28. To what European power does the island of Candia belong? 29. Where is Gibraltnr? 1 1 30. To whom does it belong? Gibraltar is the strongest fortified place in the world. It was taken by the British in 1704, and, though several attempts have been made by the Spanish and French to retake it, is still held by them. 31. Where is Malta? To whom does it belong? 32. In what part of Austria is Croatia? 33. In what part of Russia is Finland? S4. In what part of Italy is Sardinia? 35. Where is the island of Candia? 36. Where is the Spanish fortress of Ceuta? 37. Is Iceland considered an American or European island? A. American. It is now ranked as a part of Danish America, being much nearer to Greenland than to any part of Europe. 38. Wliich of the European States has the largest army? 39. Which next? Next? 40. Which of the European States ranks highest as a naval power? 41. Which next? Next? 'f^: < > tcs? ime population as opulation as New :han a celebrated ime population as V island of Candia orld. It was taken ats have beeu made d by them. )long? European island? being much nearer ! largest army? bighest as a naval OEOOBArillCAL QUESTIONS. 108 42. Wbich has the greatest amount of public debt? 43. Wbieb next? Which next? 44. How much greater is the public debt of Great Britain than that of the Uni'od States? 45. Which is the largest country of Italy? 46. Which is the largest division of Austria? 47. Which is the larger, Cuba or Scotland? England or Newfoundland? 48. What noted canal in the south of France? 49. What waters are connected by it? This canal, one of the first made in Europe, was constructed dur- ing the reign of Louis XIV. It connects the waters of the Mediter- ranean Sea with the Atlantic. 50. Through what waters would a vessel sail, freighted with cotton from New Orleans for Liverpool? 51. Through what bodies of water does a steamer sail, con- veying the mails from Liverpool to New York? 52. Name the bodies of water through which a vessel would pass, conveying hemp from Cronstadt to Philadelphia. 53. Describe the bodies of water through which an American frigate would pass, proceeding from Philadelphia to London, Gibraltar, Port Mahon, Leghorn, Malta, Constantinople. 54. Through what bodies of water do vessels freighted with wheat, from Odessa, pass to reach Bristol, England? 55. Name the waters through which would be transported drugs from Smyrna to St. Louis, Mo. ? 56. Name the waters through which wines are transported from Marseilles to New Orleans? 57. Through what waters would a vessel, freighted with cot- ton from Mobile, pass to reach Havre? 58. What mountains would you cross, going in a straight line from Paris to Venice? 104 OEOORAPIIICAL QUESTIONS. 59. What bodies of water would you cross, proceeding in a straight line from Londoa to Vienna? 60. Across what mountains and bodies of water, proceeding from Rome to St. Petersburg? 61. Which is the longest river in Europe? How long is it? 62. Which next? Which next? 63. In what country is the Thames? How long is it? 64. In what country is the Seine ? 65. What river of New England has the same length? 66. Which is the highest mountain in Europe ? I ! ii 67. Of what group is it a peak? What is its height? 68. What mouD'oiu of North America is of about the same height? 69. Which is the highest peak of the Alps? Pyrenees? Apennines? 70. Name the two principal volcanoes of Europe. 71. Where are they? 72. Which is the largest lake in Europe? 73. In what country is it? 74. In what latitude is Europe ? 75. In what zone is the greater part of Europe? 76. In whrt other zone is any part of Europe? 77. Which is farthest north, London or Quebec ? Paris or New York? Naples or Boston? Malta or the Bermuda Islands? MW 78. Where do you find the highest mountains, in Europe or North America ? 79. Where the longest rivers? 80. Which division has the largest island ? 81. Which the largest lake? proceeding in a water, proceeding How long is it? J long is it? imc length? ope? its height? f about the same Jps? Pyrenees? luropc. ropei )pe 9 uebec? Paris or sr the Bermuda ins, in Europe or OEoauArincAL questions. MAP NO. XXVI. 106 ASIA. 1.' In what direction from Europe is Asia? 2. What ocean is on the north of it? 3. What on the east? What south? 4. What two grand divisions on the west ? 5. Which division of Asia extends farthest north and east? 6. Which farthest south? West? 7. Name the divisions bordering on the Pacific, beginning at the north. 8. Name those bordering on the Indian Ocean ? 9. What extends from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf? 10. What on the Mediterranean? 11. What extends from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea? 12. What on the Persian Gulf? Arabian Sea? . 13. What extends from the Caspian to the Black Sea? 14. Bound Siberia. 15. To what European government is it subject? A. The KuBsian. 16. What large island north-west of it? 17. What three islands north? 18. What islands east of Kamtschatku? 19. Which is the most northern cape of Asia? 20. Which is the most northern — this cape, or North Cape, in Europe? 21. Which is the most eastern cape of Asia? 22. What cape forms the southern extremity of Kamt- Bchatka? 23. What peninsula on the east of Siberia? i 106 GEOGRAI'IUCAL QUESTIONS. 24. What mountains on the south, separatiog Siberia from the Chinese Empire ? 25. What on the west, separating it from Europe ? 26. Where in Siberia arc the Samoieds? Tchuktchi? Ya- koutes? Tungouscs? These are among the native tribes of Siberia, some of trhich live in the lowest state of barbarism. 27. What empire south of Siberia? 28. What island east of the northern part of it? 29. What islands east of Saghalicn? 30. What empire, east of the Chinese Empire, consists of a group of islands? 31. Which is the largest of this group? 32. Which next in size? Name the remaining islands of the group. Which is farthest north? Which south? East? What group and island east of China Proper? What archipelago farther east ? What island south of China? What island at the mouth of the Hoang-Kiang river? To what European power does this island belong? Bound China. Bound the Chinese Empire. 42. What peninsula on the east? 43. What two ranges of mountains on the north? 44. What range extends across the northern part of the empire? What two ranges in China? 45. What range north of Thibet? 46. What range south ? 47. What north-east of Little Thibet? 48. What south-west? 49. What mountains between Independent Tartary and Little Bokhara? 33. 34. 35. 36. 87. 38. 39. 40. 41. log Siberia from lurope ? rchuktchi? Ya- some of which live of it? )ire, consisto of a up. 'roper? g-Kiang river? ad belong? ipire. uortb? lem part of the OEOOBAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 107 nt Tartary and 50. Where is the Great Desert of Gobi? 51. In what part of the empire is Mantchooria? Mongolia? Thibet? Little Thibet? Soongaria? Little Bokhara? The aboTC-named divisions, with China Proper and the Peninsuln of Corco, constitute the Chinese Empire. Thibet iB the head-quarters of Buddhism, which there exists in its greatest purity. Lassa, " Land of the divine intelligence," the capital city, is the residence of the Grand Lama. It is stated that 84,000 lamas, or priests, are supported in this country at the expense of government. 52. By what name is the northern part of the Chinese Em- pire known? A. Chinese Tartary. The entire central part of Asia, from the Caspian Sea to the Pacific Ocean, is known as Tartary. The western portion of it, Independent Tartary, includes several sniall Mohammedan States, governed by sovereigns called Khans. The eastern portion, comprising Mantchoo- ria, 3oongaria, Mongolia, and Little Bokhara, is under the govern- ment of China. 53. What country west of the Chinese Empire? 54. What does Independent Tartary comprise? A. The Kirguis country, Turcomania, and the States of Khokan, Khiya, Bokhara, and Koondooz. 55. What part of Independent Tartary constitutes the Kir- guis country? 56. What Turcomania? 57. Where is Khiva? Khokan? Koondooz? Bokhara? 58. Bound Independent Tartary. 59. What mountains on the south of it? 60. By what general name is the country south of the Chi- nese Empire known ? A. India. 61. What does India comprise? A. The two peninsulas which form the southern part of Asia. The eastern of these peninsulas, being further from Europe than the other, is called Farther India ; the western, or nearer one, Hither India. f^l 108 OEOORAPIIICAL QUESTIONS, 62. What are the principal divisions of Farther India? A. The Empires of Birmaii and Anam, the Kingdom of Siam, and the British Territories. Anam comprises Tonquin, Cochin China, Cambodia, and part of Laos. The British Possessions comprise Assam, Arracan, Malacca, and some smaller divisions. 63. Bound Farther India. 64. Between what sea and lay is it situated? 65. In what part is Birinah ? 66. Which division constitutes a peninsula, the most south- ern of Asia? 67. What two divisions lie between the Gulf of Siam and Gulf of Tonquin? 68. Where is Siam? The Laos country? 69. What islands cast of Anam? 70. What two groups in the Bay of Bengal west of Farther India? 71. What capo at the southern extremity of Malacca? 72. What island west of Malacca? P. P^. 73. The name usually given to Hither India is Hindoostan, Bound it. 74. What range of mountains on the north-west? 75. What extend along the western coast? 76. What three groups of islands in the south-west? What large island south-east? 77. What cape at the southern extremity of Hindoostan? 78. What head at the southern extremity of Ceylon ? 79. To what Company is the greater part of Hindoostan subject ? A. The British East India Company. Nearly the whole of Hindoostan is subject or tributary to this Company. The cemainder comprises the independent territories of Nepaul end Bootan, and the small colonies of France and rortugal. irther India? Qgdotn of Siam, and nbodia, and part of , Arracan, Malacca, Dd? 1, the most soutb- Gulf of Siam and jal west of Farther of Malacca? idia is Hindoostan. tU-west ? ? jouth-west? What of Hindoostan? r of Ceylon ? )art of Hindoostan or tributary to this lendent territories of ronce and Fortugal. aECMlRAPIIICAL QUESTIONS. 109 80. In what part of Hindoostan are Nepaul and Bootan? 81. On what coast are the French territories? 82. On which the rorti-gucso? 83. What name is given to the south-cast coast? 84. What is the south-west coast called? 85. Whut docs British India cniiiprisc? A. The Vreaidoncics of Bengal, Uou.bay, and Madras, with the Provinces of Sindo and the Punjaub. The Bengal Presidency includes all the northern part of India, with Assam and Arracan, cast of the Brahmaputra river. The Mad- ras Presidency includes the country on the cast coast, with a portion of the territory at the southern extremity of the western coast. And the Bombay Presidency includes the territory stretching along the west coast, north of Qoa. 86. What countries west of Hindoostan? A Afghanistan and Bcloochistan. These countries were formfirly a part of the Persian Empire. They now comprise the governments of Cabul, Herat, and Kclat; each including a number of tribes, often at war with each otlier, but uniting as policy may dictate. 87. What mouutaius north of Afghaiiistan ? 88. Bound Persia. 89. What great sea on the north? 90. What gulf on the south? 91. What range of mountains extends across the northern part? 92. What desert south of this range? Much the greater part of Persia consists of extensive salt wastes and immense seas of sand, than which few parts of the globe can be more uiiinviting. 93. What small division north of Persia? 91. To what European power does this division belong? A. Russia. i , m i. The region south of the Caucasus Mountains, and north of Turkey and Persia, though classed on the map under the general name of 10 HI no QEOGRAl'inCAL QUESTIONS. (icorgift, onmpiisca the provincoa of Georgia, Abatiiu, Mingi-vlin, aiiil NiikHliiviui. The position of the different divisions may be seen un the mnptif Europe. 05. AVliieh of these divisions extends furthest west? (Sci> Map No. XXI.) 9(3. Which farthest cast? 07. Wliich two divisions border on the Black Sea? 9H. Winch division in the centre? 99. What division of Asia lies between the Black and Medi- terranean Seas? 100. Bound it. 101. What mountain in the north-cast? 102. What range of mountains extends through the country oast and west? 103. What two seas on the west? Mp., Ao. 104. What isla.id in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea? 105. What five islands west of Turkey? 106. In what part of Turkey in Asia is Syria? 107. In what, Anatolia? Armenia? (See Map No. XXI.) Anatolia includes the north-western part of Turkey in Asia. It is the modern name for the chief portion of the tountry formerly known as Asia Minor. 108. What great peninsula in the south-western part of Asia? 109. Bound Arabia. 110. Of what divisions does it consist? A. Hcdjas and Yemen, along the Red Sea; Iladrairaut, skirting the Indmn Ocean ; Oman, in the south-east ; Lahsa, on the Persian Qulf ; and Nedsjed, in the interior. 111. What range of mountains north of Nedsjcd? 112. W^hat celebrated mountain north-east of the Red Sea? 113. W^hat cape at the south-eastern pohit tf Oman? 114. W' hat capo south-east of Hadraraaut? I'U-i'L Jl I. laiiia, Mingrclin, ainl ions luoy be seen un tUcst west? (Sci' lack Sen? c Black nnd Medi- iroiigh the country Ao. the Moditcrrancan yria? 30 Map No. XXI.) urkey in Asia. It is iDtry formerly known istern part of Asia'/ IladraiTAut, skirting ihsa, on the Persian Nedsjed? tof the Red Seai' t tf Oinou? t? OEOanAI'HlCAL QUESTIONS. Ill 11.'). What isthmus north-west of Arabia? 116. What grand divisions are connected by this isthivius? 117. What waters are separated by it? 118. What country of Africa is connected with Arabia by this isthmus? Et. 119. What island ca.st of Lahsa? 120. In what body of water is it situated ? 121. What sea north-west of Siberia? Ka. 122. What island is separated from Siberia by it? 123. What sea east of Kamtschatka? 124. What sea between Kamtschatka and the country of the Tungouscs? 125. What sea between Saghalien and the Kurilo Islands? 126. What sea between Niphon and Mantchooria? 127. What between Corea and China? 128. What sea east of China? 129. What sea east of Cochin-China? 130. Name the six seas on the western border of Asia? 131. Which of them border Africa? 132. Which Europe? 183. Which of them has no connection with the ocean? 134. What two other inland seas in the west of Asia? 135. In what country is the Sea of Aral? 136. In what, the Dead Sea? 137. Name the gulfs north of Siberia. • 138. What gulf east? 139. What gulf north-east of China? Pe. 140. What gulf east of Tonquin? Tn. 141. What between Siam and Cambodia? 142. What south of Birmah? 143. What bay between Hindoostan and Farther India? 144. What gulf south of Hindoostan? 3Ir. 145. What two west? k4 ''ft'-Si^ f 112 nEOllHAI'IlK'AI. QUEHTIONH. 140. What between IklioeliiHtun auJ Arabiu? 147. What between I'erHia and Anibiu'l' U8. What stmitH nepurato Asia uiiil North America? 149. Whnt waters nro connectctl by them? 150. What Htraits Hopurate Aula and Africa? l.')l. What waters nro connected by these straits? I.')'2. What ehanncl between Sagbalien and the main land? 153. What strait separates Saghalicn and Jesao? 154. Into what sea do these BtniitB lead? 155. Where uro the Straita of Matsmay? 150. What bodies of water are connected by them? 157. What tnicts of land separated? 158. What straits between China and Fonnoso? 159. Where is the Strait of Malacca? 100. What atniit couneotiithoGlulf of Oman and Torsian Gulf? 101. There are two large lakes in Siberia: in what part of the country arc they? 10*2. Give their names. 103. What three lakes in China? 104. What one in Afghanistan? 105. What two in Soongaria? 100. Where is Oroomiah Lake? 107. Into what lake does the Cashgar river flow? 108. NaKiC the three most important rivers of Siberia. 109. Into what do they flow? 170. Among what mountains do tbey rise? 171. In what general direction do they flow? 172. Can you assigu any reason for their not flowing in an opposite direction ? 173. In what country is the Amoor ri^cr? 174. Into what does it flow? 175. AVbat are the three great rivers of China? 170. Which of these is largest? Y. T. Kg. r I America ? a? utraJtH ? 1 tbo inaiu land? Jcaso? >y thorn? iiiosa ? 1 and I'orsian Gulf? , : in what part of ur flow? rs of Siberia. I? ow? not flowing in an Kg. (lEOOIlAl'IIICAr, QUrsTIONfl. 118 177. Which M tho nio,-.t eastern river of Farther India? 178. In 'vhat direction, and into what body of water, docs it flow? 179. What river itows into tho Gulf of Siam? 180. What two into tho Oulf of Martaban? 181. In what country do the rivers of Farther India rise? 182. What river separates Farther India and Ilindoostun? 183. Where docs it rise, and into what body of water does it flow? 184. What river of Ilindoostan flows into tho northern part of the IJay of Bengal ? This is the uncreil rirer of tho IlUidooa, ai\J Is so calloil as flowin^; through Oang, tho earth, to heaven. 185. What river flows from tho Ganges into the Bay of Bengal ? This id the only hrniich of tho Ganges navigated by largo vessel.-. and that alono in tho delta, which is by tho Hindoos consldereil sacred. 186. What is tho principal tributary of the Ganges? 187. Name the three other rivers of Ilindoostan flowing into the Bay of Bengal. 188. What two flow into tho Oulf of Cambay? 189. What river forms a part of tho western boundary of Hindoostan ? 190. What is it» principal branch ? 191. What two rivers of Turkey in Asia unite and flow into the Persian Gulf? 1''). Where and into what does the Iltlnaund river flow? 193 What two rivex- flow into tho Sea of Aral? 194. What two into the Caspian Sea? 195. Which of tho two forms the boundarj- between Persia and Independent Tartary? 10* i.ua., 114 (lEOdRAI'IllCAl, QVIHTIONH. 10(5. Which, a purl of tho wcBtcrn boundary of Asia? 107. Whtrt) is tho Duad Seal (Seo Mnp No. .lne»e and Utiu*h iu IHVZ, miide open port* for fovbigii CO iimtret. •J,iiU li' rtl»ich division of Farther Iniliii, and how mtuatcd, aio tho following citius? 231. Saigon. 288. Ummirnpotiru. 282. Kesho. 237. llangoon. 233. Hue. 238. Malacca. 234. Bangkolc. 239. Monchaboo. 285. Singapore. Hingapore (Singiipurn, "city of tho lion,") whb purclmHed ond Bcttled by tiio Knglish in IMiO, und i» now one of the most Important cororoercinl cities of the Kast. 240. Which of tho above are capitaln, of what division ? Describe tho following cities of IIindooai,an : 241. Benares. 250. Surat. 242. Madras. 251. Nagporo. 248. Patna. 252. Umrit«ir. 244. Bombay. 258, Lahore. 245. Calcutta. 254. Poonah. 240. Dacca. 255. Ahmedabad. 247. Ilydrabad, 256. Oojein. 248. Lucknow. 257. Baroda. 249. Delhi. 258. Goa. 259. Which of tho above cities belongs to Portugal? Cttlouttft is the otpltal of the Presidency of Dongnl, Madras of tho Presidency of Madt-»a, and Bombay of tlie Presidency of Bombay. 260. On what island is Columbo? ! ^ ' I' 1 : if. .r tti I 116 GEOGRArmCAL QUESTIONS. Describe the following cities : Independent Tartary. 261. Bokhara. 262. Khiva. 263. Khokan. 264. Tashkent. Jifghanistan. 265. Cabul. 266. Candahar, 267. Herat. 268. Peshawur. 269. Kelat. Jirabia. 270. Sana. 271. Muscat. 272. Mecca. 273. Aden. 274. Medina. 275. Deraia. 276. Mocha. Perma. 277. Ispahan. 278. Teheran. 279. Reshd. 280. Mcshid. 281. Yezd. Turkey in Jlsia. 282. Smyrna. 283. Damascus. 284. Aleppo. 285. Bassorah. 286. Brusa. • 287. Bagdad. 288. Trebisonde. 289. Jerusalem. Aden was purchased by the Kvitish in 1839, nnd since that time lias increased in population from 1000 to 20,000. It is a station on ihe steamboat route to India. Trebisonde is an important commercial point. In 1851, 99 sailing- vessels and 73 steamers arrived at this port, conveying goods for con- sumption in Georgia and Persia to tue amount of near ten million dollars. 290. Which of the above cities are capitals, and of what divisions? 291. Where in Anatolia (see Map of Europe, No. XXI.) is the town of Kutaja? This place is noted as the late residence of Kossuth, and other Hungarian exiles. n am. ^La. ^rtia. than. leran. ibd. sbid. ;d. / in Asia. yrna. iiiascus. ;ppo. ssorah. iisa. • gdad. jbisondc. ■usalcm. md since that time It is a station on In 1851, 99 sailing- eying goods for con- of near ten million tals, and of what ope, No. XXI.) is KossutU and otlier OEOGRAl'lIICAL QUESTIONS. 117 1. 2. o 4. STATISTICAL AND GENERAL QUESTIONS. How docs Asia compare in size with America? How in amount of population ? Which is the largest division of Asia? Which is next in size? Next? 5. Which contains the greatest population? C. Which next? Next? Next? 7. Which division is most densely settled? 8. Which next? Next? 9. Which is most sparsely settled? 10. Which division of Farther India has about the same urea as California? 11. Which about the same as Illinois? 12. Which Territory of the United States has the same area as the Empire of Japan? 13. Wb?t city of Asia has the greatest population? 14. Six cities of Asia nave a greater population than New York : name them. 15. Eight cities of Asia have a greater population than Phi- ladelphia: name them. 16. The highest mountain in the world is in Asia : name it. Give its height, and tell where it is situated. 17. What is the highest volcano in Asia? 18. What is the largest island of Asia? 19. Which is the longest river? 20. Which next? Next? 21. In what zone is the principal part of Asia? 22. In what other zones are any portions of its territory? 23. Does the Equator cross any portion of it? •24. What division of Asia is crossed by the Arctic Circle? ■li). What divisions by the Tropic of Cancer? gj^jljy^i;fc!a^'ae5«SM-«-«i-.-e w U8 OEOaRAPIIICAIi QUESTIONS. 1 , r 26. Describe the overland route from London to Bombay. Alexandria in Kgypt upon the Mediterranean Sea, Suez on the Red Sen, and Aden in the south-western part of Arabia, are stopping- places on this route. The maii vnute from London is by way of Dover, Calais, ond Paris. t ' Marseilles; thence by steamer, stopping at Malta, to Aloxandrin. Another route is by steamer from Southampton direct to Alexandria. Another, still, is from London, by way of Hamburg, to Trieste; thence by Austrian steamers to Alexandria. Describe the routes, and name the principal cities, countries, and bodies of water, you would pass through by each. The distance of London from Bombay by mail-route is about 6000 miles. The average time required to travel from one point to the other is 34 days. 27. There is a line of steamers from Aden to Calcutta, and another from Aden to Hong-Kong. Describe the bodies of water through which you would pass, going to each place. Point de Galle, a small seaport of Ceylon south of Colombo, and Madras, are stopping-places on the route to Calcutta. Point de Galle, Pulo Penang, and Singapore, are stopping-places on the route to Ilong-Xong. The distance ft-om Southampton to Calcutta, by way of Alexandria and Aden, is 920() miles ; average time required for making the trip, 42J days. From Southampton to Victoria, Hong-Kong, is 11,250 miles ; time required, 56 days, 28. Contini-3 the voyage of this steamer to Shanghae, and tell what waters you would pass through. 29. Up what river would you sail from Shanghae to reach Nankin ? 80. What sea, gulf, and river, to Pekin ? 31. Where is the Great Wall of China? This wall, now in a state of decay, is said to have been built SWi years before the Christian Era. It was erected to prevent the incur- sions of the Tartars from the north. Varying in height from 15 to 80 feet, it extended over hill and dale a dUtance of 1500 miles. 1. In w 2. In w 3. Whii 4. Whr n. Whi 6. Into A. Into and the re( 7. Wh A. The 8. Wh A. Mor 9. To A. Fra 10. W A. Bar 11. W Sea? 12. W 13. W 14. ^ 15. ^ 16. A^ 17. N Ras m 18. y 19. Y 20. 1 V)elong? » I n to Bom])ay. >, Suez on the Reil lia, are gtoppiiifr- Calais, and Paris, ta, to Aloxandrin. ect to Alexandria, burg, to Trieste; es, countries, and pute 18 about 6000 one point to the to Calcutta, and the bodies of each place. 1 of Colombo, and . Point de Qalle, on the route to way of Alexandria r making the trip, ;-Kong, 18 11,250 I Sbanghae, and iDghae to reach re been built S )rcvent the incur- leight from 16 to l&OO miles. A^VA '( GEOGRAl-niCAL QUESTIONS. 119 MAP NO. XXVIII AFRICA. 1. In what direction from the United States is Africa? 2. In what direction from South America? Europe? ;j. What great sea on the north? 4. "What ocean on the west? n. What sea and ocean on the east? 6. Into what may Africa conveniently be divided? A. Into Northern, Eastern, Southern, Western, and Central Afnea, and the region of the Nile. 7. What constitutes Northern Africa? A. The Barbary States and the Great Desert. 8. What does Barbary include? A. Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, Tripoli, and Bcled-el-Jerid. 9. To what European power docs Algeria belong? A. France. 10. What divisions belong to Tripoli? A. Barca and Angola. 11. Which of these divisions border on the Mediterranean Sea? 12. Which borders on the Atlantic Ocean? 13. Which one on both the Atlantic and Mediterranean? 14. Which one is entirely in the interior? 15. Which extends farthest east? North? South? West? 16. What range of mountains in Barbary? 17. Name the two capes north of Tunis. Ras means head, or cape. 18. Which of these is farthest north? R. A. Kra. 19. What three groups of islands west of Morocco? 20. To what European power does each of these groups V)elong? # w ■ i . il IV I \ \ il 1 120 GEOQRAPUICAL QUESTIONS. 21. Numo tbo principal Islands of each of these groups. 22. What gulf between Barca and Tripoli? 23. What strait between Morocco and Spain ? 24. In which of the Barbary States are the following cities and towns, and how are they situated ? 25. Tunis. 31. Constantina. 26. Morocco. 32. Tripoli. 27. Algiers. 33. Mogadore. 28. Fez. 34. Deme. 29. Mequinez. 35. Bona. 30. Kairwan. 36. Tuggurt. 37. What region south of Barbary ? 38. What country on the east of it? 39. What countries on the south ? 40. What ocean on the west ? 41. What is the western part of the Great Desert called? 42. What the eastern? L. Dt. 43. What are found within the regions of the Desert? A. Numerous oases, or verdant spots, and a few salt-mines. 44. Which is the largest of these oases? 45. There are eight others of considerable size : name them. 46. Name the principal salt-minos. The Great Desert, or Desert of Sa'aara, is the largest upon the globe. It is traversed in many directions by caravan routes, travel- lers on which undergo the most intense sufferings from thirst and exposure to the Simoom — a hot, dry wind, which frequently comes from the south and east, lasting ten or twelve hours. 47. What region east of the Great Desert? A. The region of the Nilo. 48. What countries are included in this region ? A. Egypt, Nubia, Abyssinia, Kord( 'an, and Bari. 49. Which of these countries is farthest north ? * aEOaHAPIIICAL QtESTIONS. m icse groups. ? I following cities antina. li. dorc. irt. r>csert called ? he Desert? salt-mines. ize : name them. I largest upon the ?an routes, travel- 3 from thirst and 1 frequently comes ion? 'i. rth? 50. Wbicb extends farthest ca.st? South? 51. Which division borders on the Mediterranean Sea? 52. Which divisions border on the Red Sea? 53. Which divisions belong to Egypt? A. Nubia and Kordofan. 54. What is the southern part of Nubia called? Sr. 55. What regions west of Kordofan? Dr., Bo. 56. What are the divisions of Abyssinia? Sa., Aa., Te. 57. What people south of Abyssinia? Ga., Ss. 58. What country on the Nile near the Equator? Bi. 59. What lake is the supposed source of the Nile? Uo. 60. Into what does the Nile flow? The river Nile is formed by the union of the Bahr-cl-Azrck, Blue Nile, which rises in Abyssinia, and the Bahr-el-Abiad, or White Nile, ^hich is supposed to rise south of the Equator. The latter, undoubt- edly the true Nile, has been traced to within 4° 9' of the Lquator, and there found to be a great river, and seen, from the top of a moun- tain, stretching away in the distance towards the south. South of the Equator is reported to be the Lake Usambiro, a body of water sufficiently large, if flowing into the Nile, to account fur it. great size 400 miles further north. The NUe flows through a greater number of degrees of latitude than any other river in the world. 60. What river of Abyssinia flows into the Nile? 61. What river of Bergoo flows into a lake? 62. Name the three oases of Egypt. 63. What is the country between the mouths of the Nile 64. In wbat country, and where, are the following cities and towns situated? 69. Khartoom. 65. Cairo. 66. Alexandria. 67. Damietta. 68. Siout. 11 70. Suez. 71. Antalo. 72. Suakcm. ^1 ■# Iff 1 12'2 GKOORAPUICAL QUESTIONS. li). GonJar. 74. Massuah. 75. Wari. 76. Ilboit. 77. Cobbe. 78. Pelcnga. 79. What docs Western Africa comprise? A. The region upon the Atlantic coast, extending from the Great Uescrt to the Tropic of Capricorn. 80. Wliat general divi-sions are included in this section of country ? A. Scncgambia, or the region watered by the Senegal and Gambia riTJrs ; Upper Guinea, the tract of country lying north of the Gulf of Guinea; and Lower Guinea, the tract of country east of the Gulf of Guinea. 81. What are the principal native kingdoms of Scncgambia? Bk., F. Jo., Sa. S2. What of Upper Guinea? Ae., Dy., Bn. 83. What of Lower Guinea? Lc, Co., Aa., Ba., Ma. 84. What colony in Senegambia? S. Le. 85. What republic partly in Senegambia, and partly in Upper Guinea? La. 86. What cape west of Senegambia? 87. What cape south of Liberia? 88. Where is Cape Frio? Cape Crosa? 89. What group of islands west of Cape Verd ? 90. To what European power does this group belong? Name the principal islands of the group. 91. What islands on the coast of Lower Guinea? 92. Which of these belong to Spain? 93. To vbat European power do the remainder belong? 94. What European powers have possessions on the African coast? 95. What names are given to the different sections of coast of Western Africa? 96. Where is the Gold Coast? Slave Coast? Ivory Coast? » OEOORAl'HICAL QUESTIONS. 128 from the Great ^his section of !gal and Gambia irth of the Gulf east of the Gulf )f Scnegambia? , Ba., Ma. partly in Upper •d? belong? Name nea? Icr belong? I on the African lections of coast ? Ivory Coast? 97. What mountains north of Upper Guinea? What cast? 98. Where are the Crystal Mountains? 99. What three rivers flow through Seneganibin? 100. What river forms the north-western boundury of Libc- ria ? What the eastern ? 101. What great river of Africa separates Upper and Lower Guinea? 102. In what direction and into what does it flow? 103. Name the four principal rivers of Lower Guinea. 104. In what general direction and into what do they flow? 105. Where is the Gulf of Guinea? 106. Where the Bight of Benin? Biafra? Bight means a small bay. 107. In what part of Western Africa, and how situated, arc the following places ? 108. St. Louis, 114. Timboo. 109. Bathurst. 115. Coomassie. 110. Freetown. 116. Abomey. 111. Monrovia 117. Benin. 112. Abbeokuta. 118. Lonango. 113. St. Salvador 119. St. Paul de Loando. 120. What does Southern Africa comprise? A. Nearly all that part of Africiv south of the Tropic of Capricora. 121. What are the principal divisions? A. Cape Colony, Natal, Caffraria, and the die tricts inhabited by the Hottentots, the Boshnanas, and the Zoolus. 122. Which of these divisions extends farthest south ? 123. Which divisions border on the Atlantic? 124. Which on the Indian Ocean ? 125. What district entirely in the int«rior? 126. Which is the mos*; southern cape? 127. What cape south-west of Cape Colony? » 124 QEOORAPinCAL QUESTIONS. 128. What mountains in Cape Colony? 129. What west of Natal? 130. What desert nor.,h-cast of the Hottentot Country? 131. To what European power do Capo Colony and Natal belong? Oreat Britain. 182. What river separates the countries of the Hottentots and Boshuanas from Cape Colony ? 133. What bay cast of the Zoolu Country? 134. Where is CajMjtown? D'I'rban? Kurreechane? 185. What docs Eastern Africa comprise? A. The section cxfcndiiig from Abyssinia to tlie Zooln Country. 136. What are its principal divisions? A. The country of the Somaulics, Zangucbar, and Mozambique. 137. Which division of Zanguebar is north of the Equator? 138. Which three south? Qa., Ms., Ma. 139. To what European nation does Mozambique belong? A. Portugal. 140. Which is the most eastern cape of Africa? 141. Name the four capes of Eastern Africa, south of Cape Ctuardafui. 142. What channel cast of Mozambique? 143. What large island east of this channel? 144. What gulf north of the Somaulics Country? 145. What island east? Sa. 146. What three islands on the coast of Zanguebar? 147. To what power do they belon;? 148. What groups of islands east of Madagascar? Ma. 149. Which of them belong to England? Ms. 150. Which to France? Bn. 151. What group of islands between Jladagascar and 3Io- zambique ? # OEOORAPIIICAL QUESTIONS. 125 ; Country ? lony and Natal thi) Hottentots rreechnne ? IooIq Country, 1 Mozftmbique. )f the Equator? irjuc belong? ca? I, south of Cape ntry? guebar ? iscar? Ma. Ms. jascar and Mo- Tuna- 15-2. What two groups ca.st of Zunguobar? So., Ac. 153. To whom do they belong? 154. What mountains in IMadagasca 155. What capo forms its northern extremity? 150. What its southern? 157. On what island is St. Denis? Tort Louis. narivou? 158. Where is Mozambii:ue? Mombas? Berbcra? Mombas is noted as containing the ini,s8ionary station occupied by Drs. Uebmann and Kra,.f, wboso recent explorations and d.scovenes in Central Africa have attracted the attention of the world. lierbera is noted for its great fairs, which <"'"»'""«' ;"""f^^y^;7^ April to October, drawing together, from the vic.n.ty, from 10,000 to 20,000 persons. 159. Where is the river Zambeze? 1C,0. Name some of the other rivers of Eastern Afriea. IGl. What does Central Africa com^irise? A. All the interior regions south of the Great Desert. 162. What are the two principal divisions? A. Soudan and Ethiopia. 163. What two ranges of mountains south of Soudan? 164. What are the three eastern divisions of Soudan ? Km., 165. What divisions between the Niger and Lake Tchad? Ma., Bu., Ha., Zg., No. 166. What south of the Niger? Bo., Ya., Kg., Bo. 167. What north of the Niger? To. 168. What divisions in the west? Be., W^a. 169. What great river in Soudan? 170. What lake in the east? 171. What two rivers flow into this lake? 172. What region south of the Mountains of the Moon? 11* "^^^ Ba., Ma., Bo., Ka. » lili oKonuAi'incAii questions. i < >:i:-, •ii si l~'-'). Wliiit two mountains in Kthiopia, near tbo Eciuator? 174. Wliiit lakei' ITi). {,[ what river is this lake Bupponcd to be the source 'i* 17(5. In wlint division of Central Africa, and on or near what iivcr, are tlie followit'^ places ' 177. Hackatoo. 181. Angornou. 17H. Zaria. 182. Jenno. 179, Sego. 183. Bou-saa. 180. Kano. 184. Tinibuctoo. Our knowledge of Central Africa is very impTrnct. Soiul(\n n' crily partially known through the travcU of Mun^;o ''ark, Uenhnin iiml (.'Inpperton, Caillc, and the hrothcru Landers, t' '• knowlodgo (if iJiirfur is uhtalncd from W. (1. Krown, who reat.ied that region in 1 T'j;!, and was kept there a pri.soncr for two year.'. Mungo Park tiiiccd the Niger from .some distance above Sego to i'oun, where he was drowned in attempting to escape from an attacking party of the natives, in 1805. Lake Tchad wns discovered by Denham ami Clapperton, and the mouth of the Niger, with its courito from Youri. by the brothers Lander. Tlie more recent discoveries in this region have been made from three different directions: first, fi'*^ the north, the Nile has been traced by the Egyptian cxpv aition o: i MQ, and later by Dr. Knoblecher. to within 4° 9' of the Eq'iator. Second, from Mombas, on the east, Drs. Krapf and Uebmann have discovered, near the Equator, the snow-covered peaks of Kenia and Kilimantyaro ; and, from informa- tion obtained iiy them from the natives, geographers are enabled tc't. Souilftn is ■) ''ftrk, Denhntii (' '• knowlo(lK<> id that region in ?. Mungo Pnrk Vonri, where lie nckiiig party of by Dcnlinm ami irie from Youri. been mnile from e Nile 1ms been r Dr. Knoblocher. ibas, on the east, ho Equator, the (I, from informa- s are enabled to )posed to be ihv he Uev. Mr. Liv- (0 further north, to be connecteil ^habitants of the- he ooaat. HTATI«T.CAh AND OENKRAI, QUKSTIONS. 1 How Joes Africa compare in size with Kur-.pc? 2. How in dcnmty of poHation with North Amcra^? 3. What portion of Africa is occupied by the ««>»t desert ^ I Which i« the brger, Ethiopia or the United States^ The Great Desert or Brazil i:' f, Which has the greater population, Africa or Amenca . 6. Which city of Africa has the g^^^'^^' FP"'"^'""^ 7 How many cities have a population of 100,000 f 8. Name all the cities of Africa with a greater population than 50,000. 9. Which is the longest river? 10. Which next in length? 11. Which is the highest mountain? 12. What volcano on the Canary Islands? 13. How high is it? 14. What is the principal island of Africa f 15. What is its size? , . , r „f 16 In what general direction, and through what bodies of water, would a vessel pass, sailing from New York to Alex- andria? ., . , 17 What, sailing from Baltimore to Liberia r 18 A veLl from Muscat visited New York a few years since: through what bodies of water did it sail? 19. Around what capo? 20. In what zone is Africa, principally? 21. What part of it is in the South Temperate Zone^ 22 What in the North Temperate Zone? 23. Is it warmer or colder in Africa, generally, than m the United States? Why? IBf IT 11 128 OKOURAI'tllCAL gUKSTIONH. MAP NO. XXXI. OCKANIO... 1. Of what UouM thin division entirely cuuHist? A. Inland!!. 2. Wlicro arc thcso islands situated? A. South of Aii'ia, anil lietwcrn it and America. 3. In what oceans are they found? 4. What arc the three general divisions of Oceanica? 0. Which division approachcH nearest to the main land of Asia? 0. Whicu approaches nearest America? 7. Which division extends farthest north? 5. Which has the Equator for its northern boundary? 9. Which has the parallel of 50° for its southern boundary'/ 10. Which has the meridian of 130° for its eastern boundary ? 11. Which is the most western island of Malaysia? 12. What strait separates it from Malacca? 13. vVhat is Malacca, an island or peninsula? 14. What strait separates Sumatra from Java? 15. What small island east of Sumatra? Ba. This island is noted for its abundance of tin. 16. What islands east of Java? By., Sa., Ja,, Fs., Tr. 17. What large island north of Java? 18. What island and group east of Borneo? 19. What strait between Celebes and Borneo' 20. What group of islands in Malaysia extends farthest north? 21. What are the two principal islands of this group? 22. What group between the Philippine Islands and Borneo? OEoi.llAllllCAr, QUESTIONS. 120 canica? main land of unJary? cm boundary ? }r its eastern ysia? I., F8., Tr. tonda farthest group ? s and Borneo ? 2!5. On what island i Mount Ojihir'/ Most of tlio ixlaniN (jI' Miilftynia are uiDuntniuoiid. It l» cutlmated that there mo ii"t Ins than 117 volcanoc* on the Uliiniln of tW\* iliviMion. 24. Whioh of tho Kuropoaa powcrii have possecsions in Malaysia? A. Spain, Hollaii'l, Kii(?lftn(l, and rortuKul. Tho l'hili|)piiie iMliinilH hclmiK to Simin ; a piti-t of .lavu, Suiimtrft, Celebes, an.l tho S,,icu IhUukIh. to tho Dutch ; Timor \h divided bo- twccn tho Dutch and I'ortugueHO ; ond Knulanil ImM Homo posscKslons on the west coast of Iloriieo. 25. Ou what island v.<-". tho following cities? 20. Manilla. 81. I'adang. 27. Batavia. ^'2- I'alcnibang. 2S. Aehecn. 83. Borneo. 29. Samarang. 8-t. Sarawak. 30. Bcncoolcn. 8.5. Benjarmassin. Manilla is tho capital of all tho Spanisli possessions in tho East ; Rfttovla, of all tho possessions of tho Dutch ; both are very important commercial cities. Sarawak belongs to tho IJritish. 3(3. What division south-cast of Malaysia? 37. What is the principal island of this division? 38. What largo island north of it? 39. What strait separates the two islands? 40. What archipelago and islands east of New Guinea? 3. Ao., N. Id., N. Bn., Le. 41. What islands cast of Australia? N. Us., N. Ca., Nk. 42. Who inhabit Norfolk Island? 43. What island south of Australia? 44. What islands south-east? N. Zd. 45. What strait separates the two principal islands of New Zealand ? i! W^ If' ( B -■ 130 GEOGRAI'HICAL QUESTIONS. \ i •fl'i 46. What strait separates Van Dienieu's Land from Aus- tralia? 47. Which of the islands of Australasia belong to Great Britain 'i A. Australia, New Zealand, aud Van Dieracn's Land, or Tasmania. 48. What is the northern division of Australia called? 49. What the southern? Western? Eastern? South- eastern ? 50. Where is the gold region of Australia? This region is supposed to be nearly as extensive as the gold region of California. It was discovered in 1851, by a man who had been in California, and who was struck with the resemblance of the country about the head-waters of the Murray river to the valley of the Sacra- mento and San Joaquin. It now ranks as second only to California in the quantity of gold it furnishes to the world. 51. What is the most northern capo of Australia? 52. What the most eastern? Western? 53. What two gulfs north of Australia? 54. What sea north-east? 55. Where are the Blue Mountains? 50. In what division of Australia is Lake Torrens? 57. What is tho most eastern cape of New Zealand? 58. What the most northern? 59. In what division of Australia are the following cities and towns, and how situated? GO. Sydney. 03. Albany. 61. Melbourno. 64. Perth. 62. Adelaide. 65. Brisbane. 66. On what island are the following cities and towns? 67. HobartTown. 69. Canterbury. 68. Auckland. 70. Launceston. Aucklant mania. Syi New South 71. Wh A. Thei Polynesii 72. In 73. Wl The Can of tho gov( settlements 74. Wl A. Tlie 75. Of 76. Mc vcrcd islai The carl 77. Wl 78. By In 1849 three were natives of cottages, f principallj 79. W (See Maj 80. W 81. Oi 82. H It is th 83. O 84. 85. H -PI ,and from Aus- belong to Great and, or Tasmania, lia called ? astern ? South- as tho gold region n wlio had been in ice of the country alloy of the Sacra- only to California tralia? ["orrens? Zealand? i following cities iny. b. banc. I and towns? CEOaBAPIIICAr. QUESTIONS. 131 :erbury. aceston. Auckland is the capital of New Zealand; Hobart Town, of Tas- mania. Sydney is the i.riucipal city of Australia, and the capital of New South Wales. 71. "What does Polynesia comprise? A. The islands situated between Malaysia, Australia, and America. Polynesia means many islands. 72. In what ocean arc these islands? 73. Which groups belong to Spain ? Ce., Le. The Caroline Islands nominally belong to Spain, and form a part of the government of the Philippines; but the Spaniards have no settlements upon them. 74. What islands belong to France? A. Tlie Marquesn.s and Tahiti. 75. Of what group of islands is Tahiti one? Gn. 76. Mention the name of some of the navigators who disco- vered islands in Polynesia. The earliest disooveries were made by Magellan, in 1521. 77. When was Pitcairn Island settled? 78. By whom? In 1849 the population of thin island amounted to 149, of whom tliree were English, one a native Tahitian woman, and the remainder natives of the island. They have a church, school, and comfortable cottages, forming a village. It is visited annually by a few vessels, principally American whalers. 79. Which are the most important islands of Polynesia? (See Map No. XXXII.) 80. Which are the principal islands of this group? 81. On which island is Mauna Kea? 82. How high is this mountain? It is the most elevated in Polynesia. 83. On which island is the capital? 84. On which island, and when, was Captain Cook killed? 85. How many in number are the Sandwich Islands? # .1 132 GEOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONS. 80. Which is the largest? The Sandwich Islands arc, in a commercial point of view, of very great consequence. Honolulu is an important entrepfit for trade between all commercial nations, and a noted resort for vessels engage.l in the whale fishery. , . m • The natives of these islands are nearly all converted to tUns- tianity. Schools have been established, and in 1849 they contained lt),2fl0 pupils, supported at an expense oi $34,946. ST. Which is the largest island of Oceanica? 88. Which next in size? 89. Which of the islands is most populous? 90. Which is most densely settled? 91. Name the three principal cities of Oceanica in the order of their population. 92. One of them has about the same population as Boston: name it, and tell t'.e island on which it is situated. 93. Another has about the same population as Cincinnati: give its name, and tell the island on which it is situated. " 94. Where is Honolulu? What is its population ? 95. Describe the waters through which a vessel would sail from Liverpool to Manilla. 90. Vessels from Europe and America, for China, Manilla, &c., usually pass through the Straits of Sunda: where are these Straits, and what islands are separated by them? 97. A line of steamers is proposed from Panama to Austra- lia, with stopping-places at Tahiti and New Zealand: describe a voyage from New York by this route. 98. In what zone is the greater part of this route? 99. Which is the most southern of all the islands of this division ? 100. Which the most northern? Eastern? Western? 1 ft of view, of very itrepfit for trade ir vessels engaged iverted to Chris- 19 they contained nica in the order ition as Boston: ited. on as Cincinnati : is situated. ilation ? vessel would sail r CUina, Manilla, : where are these m? anama to Austra- Sealand: describe s route? be islands of this ? Western? APPENDIX. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. The following questions, designed as explanatory of the dif- ference in the length of degrees of longitude, are suggested by a teacher of much practical experience. 1. On what is latitude measured ? A. On circles which run north and south, viz., meridians. 2. "What kind of circles are meridians? A. Great circles. 3. What is the length of a degree on a great circle? A. 69J miles. 4. What then is the length of a degree of latitude? A. 09 J miles always. 5 On ; iat is longitude measured? A. On the Equator, or smaller circles. The Equator is a great circle. 6. What is the length of a degree of longitude upon the Equator? A. The same as a degree of latitude, or C9i miles. 7. What is the length of a degree of longitude on the smalki A. They differ in proportion to the siw of the circle ; the smaUer the circle, the less is the length of the degree. The table on the following page shows the length of degrees of lon- gitude in geographical and statute miles on any parallel of latitude between the Equator and the Poles. Sixty geographical miles are equal to about C9J statute miles. ■^2 (^^^) f 1< ■ *l I ( 'i ill ,"1 ' ft ' h, la" i 'l !i,,l 184 APPENDIX. A TABLE, Showing the Number of Milet contained in a Degree of Longitude on an;/ Parallel of Latitude, between the £guator and the Poles. m ^u fluoi:rniihical English l)p({roc of OeoiraiiliiciU Kiiiilisli Milu.H. Luiimae. Milll8. Mil08. LatituU«. .Mill's. 1 60.00 69.15 46 41.08 48.01 2 6«.06 69.07 47 40.92 47.14 3 69.92 09.02 48 40.16 46.25 4 69.85 08.94 49 39.30 45.34 6 69.77 68.85 60 38.57 44.43 n 69.67 68.74 61 37.70 43.50 7 69.55 68.00 62 36.94 42.55 8 69.42 08.45 63 30.11 41.60 g 69.26 68.26 64 35.2" 40.63 10 69.09 08.06 65 34.41 39.64 11 68.89 67.84 66 33.65 38.05 12 68.08 07.60 67 32.08 37.64 13 68.46 07.34 , 68 31.80 30.03 11 68.22 67.07 ; 69 30.90 36.59 15 67.95 66.76 1 60 30.00 ^.50 16 67.67 66.43 61 29.09 33.61 17 ■ 57.38 06.10 62 28.17 ; 32.45 18 67.00 66.73 63 27 .at 31.38 19 6l').73 66.35 64 26.30 30.29 20 66.38 64.95 65 25.36 29.21 21 66,01 64.52 66 24.40 28.11 22 66.63 61.08 67 23.44 27.00 2.'( 66.23 63.62 08 22.48 25.89 24 64.81 63.14 1 69 21.60 24.76 25 64.38 62.64 1 70 20.52 23.04 26 63.9;.' 62.12 71 19.63 pv.firt 27 63.40 61.58 72 18.54 21.36 28 52.97 61.02 73 17.64 20.20 29 62.47 60.44 74 16.54 19.05 30 31 r-.96 69.85 75 • 15.53 17.89 61.43 69.24 1 76 14.62 10.72 32 50.88 68.61 i 77 13.50 15.65 33 60.32 67.97 1 '* 12.47 14.36 34 49.74 67.30 ! 79 11.45 13.19 So 49.16 66.82 80 10.42 12.00 36 48,64 65.91 t 81 9.39 10.81 37 47.92 66.20 ' 82 8.36 9.62 38 47.28 64.46 ! 83 7.31 8.42 39 4063 63.72 84 6.27 1M 40 45.06 62.94 85 6.23 0.02 41 45.28 62.16 86 4.19 4.82 42 44.59 61.36 87 3.14 3.61 43 43.88 60.i>5 88 2.09 2.40 44 43.16 49.72 sa 1.05 1.21 45 42.43 48.88 90 0.00 0.00 Showing thi Places on named. Key West, Snvannah, I Charleston, Waxbini^i Westchestc Marietta, C ProTidance CambridKP Burlingloii Ea5 38.05 18 37 .f4 JO 30.83 90 35.59 K) 31.50 09 33.51 IT; 32.45 •2A 31.38 30 30.29 .S M 29.21 ta 28.11 44 27.00 48 25.89 60 24.76 S'2 23.04 63 •"'.M 54 21.36 54 20.20 54 19.05 53 17.89 52 10.72 50 15.65 47 i4.se 45 13.19 42 12.00 39 10.81 .35 9.02 .31 8.42 .27 7j22 .23 0.02 .19 4.82 .14 3.B1 .09 2.40 .05 1.21 .00 0.00 A TABLE, Showing the Annual Fall of Rain, in inches and decimal part,, at variom Place) on the Olobe; a, aho, the Latitude and Longitude of the I laec, named. Longitude from Greenwich. LatHuilc. ONITKD STATES. Key West, Florid* SttvannBh, Ocoriria ■ Charicaton, S. C Wa«hln(5ton, D.C ;' "; WoBtohcster, !•». ^" 1,, 24°32'N. 32 04 32 40 !8 53 57 39 26 Marietta, 0.;..... i .. ,,, Proviilance, R. I | *^ jf. I^ngitnda. Cambridge, Mass If 5, Burilngton, Vt. — ** '' ISaxtport, Me New York, N.Y. Rochester, N.Y. Mllwauke<^, Wis, WEST INDIES. Trinidad Cursfoa Grenada Barfcadoes Ouadaloupe Antigua Jamaica ••;•••■;; Cape Haytion, Uayti IlaTsna SOUTH AMERICA. Maranbam, Brazil Cayenne, Ouiana Paramaribo, " Georgetown," Kio Janeiro, Braiil EUROPE. Rome, Italy Geneva, Switzerland Beme, " Coimbra, Portugal Madrid, Spain Paris, France IIoRpice Great St. Bernard Bergen, Norway Uleaborg, Finland St. Petersburg, Russia ASIA. Pulo Penang Island Colombo, Ceylon f-^P 44 64 40 42 43 08 43 04 10° 40' N. 12 15 12 15 13 18 17 18 19 43 23 09 2°29'S. 4 66 N. 6 40 6 48 22 64 H. 41052'N. 46 11 53 11 40 12 40 23 48 50 45 60 61 20 70 60 6»25'N. 6 57 810 47'W. 81 08 79 67 7.- 01 10 27 24 08 10 75 81 71 71 i3 Amount of Rain. 66 66 74 01 77 61 87 57 82 20 440 12* W. 62 15 65 07 68 07 43 10 12030'K. 6 08 8 31 8 23 W. 3 40 2 20E. 7 12 6 30 25 20 30 100° 15' E. 79 58 35.20 47.42 47 .'10 311.30 40.80 34.10 41.04 38.42 39.44 36.28 42.25 38.47 26.41 B2.92 20.04 103.41 67.58 292.03 39.49 49.12 127.88 90.66 276.12 110.27 229.20 160.71 58.68 SO 42.00 43 HI 9 20 fi;! 80 i;!.05 17.05 65 99.21 -% T-^ i I \ :! \i Ml 18C APPENDIX TABLE OF RAIN— CosTisuED ASIA— CoxTiNuro. SorlnRBpatBm, Ulndooetan UaiiKnloro " MnUraa " Mtthiibalosbwar " Bombay " Miinio, Obiii* Calcutta, lllndoo8t»n Canton, Cbiua Benaruri, liinj.iostan DelUl " AFRICA Sierra Leone Onndar, Abyssinia I'ort Louiii, Mauritius Madeira AIISTKAI,ASIA. Sydney, New Snutb Wales ilobart Town, Van Dlemen's Land Albany, West Australia The annual amount of rain falling in the Torrid Zone is estimatea at 74 inches upon the Enstern, and 113 inches on the Western Conti- nent. In Europe the amount is estimated at 34 inches, in the United States at 39 inches, and in Australia at 20 inches, annually. In the Torrid Zone, the average annual fall of rain Jiay be stated at eight and a half feet; in the Temperate Zones, three feet; and in the Frig 1 Zones, one foot and a fourth. Table showing the number of Day- on which . lainfalU in different places. EUBOI'E. East of Ireland 208 Holland 170 UNITED STATES. Rochester, N. Y 119 New York city 103 Chapel Hill, N. C 99 Natchez, Miss ^4 St. Petersburg 169 Poland 158 AVorcester, Mass 86 England and West France 152 Savannah, Ga 85 Buda, Hungary 112 Muscatine, Iowa., 65 ASIA. Irkoutsk, Siberia £7 Lombardy 90 Kazan 00 Italy 89 South of France 76 North of Syria 54 Gibraltar. ■ -W^ # tudc. Amount of Uuiii. VE, 4 5 a u 6 2.1.47 4;i.72 18,04 302.«6 80.04 68 JO 6K.tI0 61).a8 42.73 23.61 23' W. » K. 11 M W. 180.09 37.38 86.25 29.82 WE. 26.08 22.42 32,08 : Zone IB estimate 1 he Western Conti- hcB, in the United innually. rain Jiay be stated three feet; and in a in different places. ROl'E. 1 2C 8 5t 8 »2 17 le 1£ ^est France If y 1] i: to V.) (6 5 r j ce 58 ArPKNDIX. A TABLE, 137 Showing (he Average Annual Temperature of variou, Plaee, vpon the Globe, as also the LaHlude of the Pluees nameil. Places, Lftt. 11) S EASTEKN UEMI8PIVE, North I'lipe , „„ Yukoutsk "f .„ Berenn ~ " ', •" St. Petersburg | ™ , Cliriftlnnia 8tO('kbolni EdinburK Mk^ichester Dublin 69 .W 69 20 fifi .IS 53 28 532:1 Berlin "^m 'ui BrusBelo Cracow Paris Vienna Oeneva Milan Rome ConBtaatinoplc Madrid Pekln Lisbon Smyrna -.. Algiers Olbrultar Nangasaki Cairo - Canton Calcutta Macao Bombay Madras Sierra Leone.. Singapore BataTia Port Louis .... Capetown Sydney 50 52 5(1 10 48 50 4S 15 J' 1 4 2U 4152 40 58 40-23 394s 38 41 38 CO 30 30 30 08 33 30 05 24 20 22 33 2210 18 611 13 05 830 117 607 20 10 33 60 iV 42 At. an. temp. o Kali. 32.2 laji 44.1 3S.2 41.6 42.1 I 46.6 47.7 4'J.5 I 47.6 I 60.7 1)0.4 ' 46.0 ,')1.4 60.2 49J 55.8 60.4 56.7 67.0 52.8 B1.5 64.8 09.8 01.2 01,0 72.5 70a 78.4 72.5 78.8 82.2 79.3 80.3 79a 76.1 65.8 04.8 Places. Lat. o ' WKSTKUN HEM. Boothia KcUx Fort Simpson, B. A. Naln Sitko Hebron Quebec ...» St. .lohn Halifax Boston Council lUuifs New York Philadelphia Cincinnati Vrasfaingtuu NashTille Little Rock Savannah - Natchea New Orleans St. Augustine Havana - Honolulu St. Domin_o Mexico . ,„„ Owyhee 1»» VeraCrna ^^02 ' Antigua Moracaibo Cumana Panama tleorgetown ... Paramaribo ... • laranbam Lima Rio Janeiro. .. Buenos Ayrea I 34 3j Montevideo 34 64 Falkland Islands 52 71 N 02 57 10 57 66 46 40 45 20 44 40 42 21 41 22 40 42 39 67 39(16 38 53 36 09 34 40 32 04 3134 29 57 29 48 23 09 2110 19 43 19 32 17 10 37 10 27 8 68 645 6 47 229! 12 22 54 Av.an. temp. Ttth. 3.7 25.7 26.2 44.4 22.6 to. 38.3 43.2 47.8 49.8 63.4 53.8 53.8 60 J3 59. 6\» on. 05. I-H.9 71.8 81.2 61.11 7.'.. 77. 79.8 84.2 81.3 80.8 80.8 70.7 81. 73. 73.8 61.9 66.7 46.9 The above table is designed to show the diffeience in the tempera- ture of various localities upon the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. By it may be seen also the temperature of localities upon the eastern and western coasts of the two continents. 12* I i I M ■ w 138 Ari'ENOIX. HEIGHT OF REMARKABLE LOCALITIES. Tlic clcTfttion of several remarkable locolitics, with gome of tlio higbcKt points reached by man, is stated in the following tabic, in feet : Mt. Kunchinglnga, highest mountain on the globe, IIindoo8tan..28,17t) Aconcagua, a volcano, Chi'i, highest mountain in America ;2!),UI0 Ascent (if Gay Lussac at Paris in 1804, being I lie greotest height ever attained by a boUoon 22,000 Highest flight of the condor of the Andes 21,000 Highest point reached by Humboldt on Mt. Chimboraio .1(1,500 .Mines of I'otosi 10,080 Highest habitation of •^an in the old world, Thibet 13,000 Highest in America, form of Antisana.. 13,485 ("ity of Potosi, Peru ^ 13,814 Titicaca Lake, Bolivia and Peru 12,79i' City of Quito »-f'40 Hospice St. Bernard, Alps 7,066 City of Mexico 7,470 Longwood House, residence of Bonaporte, St. Helena 2,000 Rook of Gibraltar 1,43!) Strosburg Cathedral, Strasburg 466 Great Pyramid, Egypt 460 St. Peter's Church, Rome 433 St. Paul'* Church 404 Trinity Church, New York 283 Bunker Hill Monument 221 Loaning Tower, Pisa ^^^ Mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople 180 Washington Monument, Baltimore 180 HEIGHT OF WATERFALLS. The height of many of the principal waterfalls and rapids of the various parts of the earth, is given in the following table, in feet: Nii^ara, New York 1C5 Girsupjh, Ghaut Mts., Hindoostan 872 Staubach, Switzerland 800 '%.* l^K '■^^•p t [ES. th Bomc of tlio loning tabic, in nd rapids of tlie table, in foet : 1C5 872 800 Al'l'ENMX. **'* Tenucmlama, near Dogotn, South America -•■••^•^ FulU of tho Cauvery, near Heringi-pataBB. Hindoostan, one of ^^^^ !}('.(), anotlier , King George's Cataract, Orange river, South Africa «_^^ Orey Mare's Tail, Loch Skene, Scotland •• •••" ^ Trenton Falls, Oneida county, N. Y.. by a succession of cascades... . 1- Montmorcnci, Lower Canada, near Quebec • - Oenossoe Falls, Rochester, N. Y., one of 'M, %, and.. l"'j Falls of the Missouri, one M, another 47, and a third o<^ Vassaic, raterson, N.J ' j. St. Anthony, Mississippi river DEPTH OF THE OCEAN. At 31" 69' north latitude, and 68" 4:V west longitude, near the Bermudas, no bottom was found at a depth of leet 34,-W At 16° 3' south latitude, and 2n=> 14' west longitude, no ^_ ^^^ bottc-. was found at a depth of ','.'rni\ Midway between the Cape of Good Hope and Uio Janeiro 4,500 460 miles west of tho Cape of Good Hope l"-"-' Straits of Gibraltar ' Mediterranean Sea, between Italy ond Greece ».^""^ Atlantic Ocean, south-west of Ireland '•^^- do. north of Ireland ^"" Gulf of Mexico, 30 miles east of Vera Cruz 6^ Grand Bank of Newfoundload Centre of the Straits of Dover '' Adriatic Sea, between Dalmatia and the river Po 146 Behring's Straits Baltic Sea, average depth. GREATEST DEPTH OF SEVERAL LAKES. Caspian Sea, no bottom found at a depth of fee* 2,800 Lake Maggiore, Sardinia ^' - Lake of Conetonce, Switzerlond -•°' * Lake Huron, United States J'°^^ Lake Ontario " * „ Lake of Como, Lombardy and Veni-< |>"° Dead Sea, Polestlne *'^"" 1 1 „>• no AITKNDIX. Lake Siipurior, I'nitcil t'tatet Lnko of (ii'uovft, Kwitxerlond Lake of Iscii, I.omlmrdy and Venice , Lnku of (iunlii " Luke Micliigun, Uuited Htates Loch Ness, Scotland Loch Lomond Lake Titicaca, South Amorica Lake of Lucerne, Switzerland Lake of Zurich " Lake Weter, Sweden Lake of Neufehatcl, Switzerland Lake Wcncr, Sweden Lake Erie, United States Lake of Killurney, Ireland Mate fur •«U jjly of i THE END. > I -ifeL Tha aboTi Mnlol to til luuml luiici ThU Hiri Iwen the I United Sl« rieiice antl of book* W pUshed, w( hy the exU port they I revisiua, ai matler. The fit troduction ever, they r«)uisil« t » 1,200 1,000 ...fl84 ...901 ...900 ...810 ...720 ...720 ...600 ...COO ....440 ....420 ....288 ....270 ....252 THOMAS, COWPERTHWAIT & CO.. BOOKSKLLKKS AND I'UBLlSHEllS, aS3 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA, ^ great, uu.l ll.-y »r« l.r..,mr«l, «t ..U tl»..-, to -u,,ply or.-" "" till' iiio"t favmiriibli- t«rin». Among tUclr v»lu.U« putltoUou. .r„ tl.« f.-Uowlng Bchool IkK-k.. SWAN'S SCHOOL SERIES, R K V I S E I) E 1) 1 r I O N . COMl'RIHINn SWAN'S PIUMARY HCIIOOI. KEADEIl, Part I. SWAN'S PIUMAKY HClItK)!- KEADKlt, Part 11. SWAN'S PRIMARY M.'I1(K.I. RKAnKK, Part 111. SWAN'S OUAMMAU SCIIOOI- READER. SWAN'S" DISTRICT SCIIOOI. READER. SWAN'S YOUNO LADIES' READER. SWAN'S INSTRUCTIVE READER. SWAN'? INTRODUCTION TO TIIE INSTUUCTIVE READER. SWAN'S 'PELLEK. SWAN'S PRIMAUY SPELLER. «nMJ I., the |...hl.c, enlarged and mnch unproved w>.h the Ml luund luiienor lu any ulher reading twok. now publiihed. DESCRIPTIOM OF THE SERIES. Thi. «ru., of R..d,nK B.k.1.. «a. .,n,p.«l hy Mr, ;;^';X"«':.^T:nt':.hl7.ut"" ,«,„ ,h. Prmc.,„I„f .he M.yh.w Sc ool. ""'""'"fj'^ ^^ Mr Sw,.n'. Ion, ..P- „en« and jr.al .urrcM a» a le.cher of "'^'"J' •"'7" '^^ ,„., „,,;«.<, ha. iKen accin- of book, which .hould t«u:h cluUIrm U, rtad. 1 "•\"'"' '^ ™3, ,„,J „btamed, a. well a. „U.h.d, would «em .« be proved by .he h,h "•'"'''X™ iX of trgenerou. .up- 1„ the extenaiv. »l. they ha,. ac,a.r«l. To "»;" '^;™ J.'^.'^tt^" .J^on. an entire s.'ra^:^rr:irdr;;v.r;r^^^^^^^^^ "Tp-bl^hera have . their po««io„ « .re.t n«...r of "^'- •^'Vu^^%trhow: troducl, and recom-neauation. of .«.chen. '7" ^'^"^^t^^'^-cL » al-u. ever, they de-in it unnecewary to give. beU.ving lh»t an eiaininauon w fHluiiite to eiwure their general adoption. » I '' ,i I, 1 J t Hi i:i! in THOMAS, roWl'KlirilWAIT AND CO.'s I'niMCATtONH- JOHNSTON'S SCIKNTIFIC SERIES. .fOHNiTOH'S NATURAL PHILOBOPHT, H^Tlw-l K.mion, KnUrit-.! niiil hniinin'cl A Mniiiial iif N«tiiril l'liiliNHi|ilir, eiiiiiinliMl fnini »«rii)Ui loun'ei, »iiil ilwi«inil u n rmt-lHKik III .Vlimili ami Ai'iul>niiM. JOHNtTON'S TURNER'S OHEMISTRT. A Mumicil "f Clii'iiilstry, nn IIik hiuii "f lir Turner'! HiimiiiiU (if I'lwnii.lry, loiiimiiirn, in • iiiiiili'n««il furni, all tlio iiii»t iniiKirtiiil f«in anil pnnciplM of llm wii-nMi. INninnMl fur • T««t-l)uok for CollegM, •ml iiilmr SeniinariM (if Uariunn FiHIi Heifwud Klitiim JOHNiTON'S TORNTR'S ELEMENTARY OBEMIBTRY, fur Iho ut« nf ( iiiiiniiiii ScliniiU. I vol IHmu. ■lli« •iHivB (Dluabl* Mrtai (if liooki w»r» pr«piir«a bf John Johnrton, A M., rrofHMnrof NalumI *'iiinr» in lh« Wtiltyan Dnnamly, MHlillftown, Cl. 'Ilia Ch«niulry la lh» alandanl lait-txHik ol many of Ihe liadinn Callana anil promnirnt Mailiral Initiiuliima of tlia niuiitry rim F.lrmi-iiiiiry (hamutry, Tery rccantly pubiiilKHl, liu been aUopteU m many Ili|h Scliuola iiiiil Arndttniina, in all parU of tlia country Till' prB«»iit edition of Johnaton'a Nnlural Pliiloaophy will h» found miidh enlarged and iiiiproviHl Kiact in ita ilenmiioiM, (in(inal in lU illiutrntioiui. full and fntniliar in eiplanulKiii, the pulilnheri are aiaured it will rB(iuire only to lie eiannned. to he approvi-U. It hn» Ihtii r«-niily adopted liy the Board of Education of the State of New llniii|i«hire. for the uieofihe ■t'liiMila of the Slate; In the lli((>- School of Camhrldiit, Mala ; iiiul into many oiler Huh N.'hooli and Academiea in vtriuui lectioiia of the country. Thf followinii ia an extract from the procoadinia of the 80I100I Commiailonen of Ihe Stui* of New Xampahire . At a nicetinf of Ihe Cnmmiiaionera of Common Schoola for Ihe State of New llampahira. held in ("oiioord, Aunuat, 18SI. It waa, on motion of Mr. Wliidden, of lancsater, Cmja county, Volid, To recommend " Johnaton'a Natural I'hiloaophy" to be uied in the Comriion Schoola of Ihe Stile. FRAOTIOAL PHY8I0L0OT ! or, Anatomy and Physiology applied to Health. For the I'ae of Schoola and Familiea Keviaed Edition, with Seventy Eiigravinga. PRIMARY PHYSIOLOOY, with niimeroun lUuatratlonii. Doalgned for the uae of Schoola. Theae hooka ni^ attended to be eiclwively practical. They deicribe only Ihoie organa, and I each only thomt pnii»-iplea, which an necoeaary to he known for the correct managemeiil 01 our lyatem, the maiuteiuuioe of hMlth, ami the preaecvation of life. CITY OK BOSTON, In School Committee, March 30, ia'i2 Votnd. 'nat Jarvii'a Practical Phyjiology bo tubatiluted for Catler'i Firat Book of Aniiloioy atd "iKaejIoci, now uaed In the Urammar Schoola of Ibia city. t^lMM EDWARD CAPEN, Seo'y. M.WI.Y ' I 4 1 » !ATION8. lES. in, KiiltrK»l mill DurvM, ami dwifftittl Cli('i\il»trjr, nil tlii> (I fitrni, ull ttm imwl uk for Cull'in, MiU Ti fur tha um nf I, A M., I'rurxuor uf lutry u lh« lUndanl iliiina III Ilia niuiitry I many liiihSrliuula much rnlamail and miliar iii e>|ilanoliiin, pnivi-il. Il lio» Ih'i-ii ire, fur the ine urilir 111 many iitl.ar llifli iuiiinera uf tha SUiXe I uf New Ilampahira, ^aater, Cwm comity, tlie Cumiiioii ^Ichuola applied to Health. ^ii^ravmga. unigned for the uar >nly thnae ortani, anil )mct manaiemeiit ui BOSTON, w, March 30, laia irat Book of Anitininy ID CAPEN, Sao>. TBOMA i, COWmiTl lWAlT -VNt> CO'^" laBLlO ATiOm. SARGENT'S STANDARD SPEAKER, IMINTAINIMI KXtRCOIS IN PROSE AND POITRY FOR OICLAMATION III Mioiilii, AiaclKinU-i', l.y.viiiii.. Colli'it". A TREATISE ON ORATORY AND ELOOOTION. NdTKS KXI'l,A>AT(mY AND nUKlRAI'IIICAL. ,. I ,^,.n . niiihllMl Willi nrral ci.r.i, ami loiit.ill. u niiijimly "f new ,wnan. ^^^ sel¥ctk)ns"in poktry, FOR EXKRCISKS AT SC'IKKlL AND AT HOMK. EDITED BY EPE8 SARGENT. WITH IIXII8THATION8 IIY ttU.USm AND OTIIKU!". MANESCA'S FRENCH GRAMMAR, OR TUB 8KU1.M, AND 01. AL MKTIIOD i>V TKACHINO LANGUAOES, ADAPTED "" TO TUK KKKNCIl. BY L. MANESOA. thTTfiench reader Prep.re'»" «""""' ' BY i ^i^SESCA. MEADO\iilSSl^TTENGLrsir UICTIONARY. IN "TWO PAKT3. 1 Spank* «.a Kwtlish-Il. EnglUh and SpunWi. wih iti gender, i ne i^^vniu mn, „n „,,r«..iiil bv their ciirrenuiindeii! viirlii... meaning, of »)«Bl,.h verbn .n "''' »'7''™' ""'"'f ' "'' :'„"^,a'" ;,,f ,„i,„l < l„i.s- spa„i.h in a ..»pl. «.»**"«. ■•"•« *' '''l*""'?' •;"' " MEADOWS M. A., of .he l-|iivar- „„n and Pro,*, N-m. N— of Cuntrie., ^c. »" .'l;^ "^/';'^„ J, i^. ,„„ ,„inui nid .iiy of Paris, author of n equalled our expectations. 1 shall, on a proper occasions, recommend them to teachers and school officers as the Grammar, for all grades of our schools. ,„ " LORIN ANDREWS. ft ,ho Normal Depart- 10 numerous testimo- vell as il» mpid intro- nre satisfied it needs d to be what b diitin- NCE." lAMMAR, F SKNTENCES. ES. sing derided manner : g tlie elements uf the Slisli language.'' nbridge High School, ;i you did me the honor tgtish Grammar m exx^t- not, however, alone in e subject, who is not of Association, and lato Billon, 0. in of Mr. Greene's Eng- in the Massillon Union ihing ordeal of a year's itations. I shall, on all 18 the Gramniara for all ,ORIN ANDREWS. --;*ire'f*nitsa*a.-*w.'v- ■• » i r' y