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 C A N A D A . 
 
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 AN ADDRESS K * 
 
 Delivered oSf the ist of Jul^ , iSSy, 
 
 
 |,. 1 1 l'|..i«, 14.. ii|. 
 
 Of Toronto, BAHfti»TER-AT-LAw, .: 
 
 IN AID OF TUB 
 
 HOUSE OF PROVIDENCE. DUN DAS. 
 
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 ADPRESS PELIVERED ON 
 
 DOMINION DA\ AT DUNDAS 
 
 IN AID OF THE HOUSE OF PROVIDENCE. 
 T/a- I \-ry Reverend Father Heenan in the Chair. 
 
 I>t. O'SuUivan said : 
 
 Very Reverend Chairman, Ladies and 
 Gentlemen : 
 An address on this anniversary of our Do- 
 iriinion is not, in my view, as customary as it 
 should have been, and not as customary as I 
 hope It shall be. It would occur but once a 
 year and ouerht not to bear too hardly on the 
 nerves and patience of the public. It need 
 not compete with the rhetoric of the 4th of 
 July oration delivered in the western parts of 
 the United States, but it might and could be 
 brought into requisition for the benefit of the 
 rising generation. In the neitrhboring re- 
 public the great people of that country are 
 annu illy brought to a remembrance of tlieir 
 

 • • • 
 
 • • • » 
 
 • • • • 
 
 • 
 
 •• • 
 
 • • • 
 
 « . • 
 
 • • • 
 
 « » 
 
 ■^sjiidependt^nce, noft onlv by a di:4play of fire- 
 'work^* and by military evolutions, but by 
 what is more enduring: by a spirited and pa- 
 ' tjr-idtic addreaa delivered by some competent 
 l.wblic man. Have we in this country no re- 
 ' laikeuibrances of the risiPf the independence I 
 ' may siiy, of this frreat Dominion ? And have 
 we nothing to say to tiie youn^ flreneration of 
 ^ CatiadiaiH about their own land? Tliough I 
 '■ am not a public man and have little or no 
 '<c)aini3 to be heard on a public platform, I am 
 u Canadian: I ha\e been born and educated in 
 Chia country, I make my livinjf in this coun- 
 try as honest, I hope, as a lawyer can make it. 
 € <»xpect to die in thi;^ country, and I feel that 
 ^viiiatever tulent I possess should be at tht; dia- 
 liosal first of all of my own fellow-countrymen. 
 And so it was a pleasure to me to be invited 
 ii^re to-day to talk about Canada, a country 
 to wfiich I am proud to say in the spare mo- 
 •nients of my professional life I have devoted 
 considerable time in studying her constitution 
 -and her political and ecclesiastical history. I 
 ahail not trouble you to-day with any eccles^ius- 
 tical history, but I will advert for a moment to 
 ^vhat I have already said, that in this anni- 
 xersary of the Dominion we might almost be 
 Maid (k) commemorate the inde)>endence of this 
 ^oxuntrjr. 
 
 L 
 
I 
 
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 \ 
 
 4< 4 
 
 A 
 
 Tlie Constitution. 
 
 By this I do not by any means ignore the 
 relations that we have with the Mother 
 Country, as a subordinate part of the British 
 Empire— relatione which, in the present con- 
 dition of things, I hope will ever continue — 
 but I mean that independence of action, that 
 freedom in self-government which Great Bri- 
 tain now allows to Canada. A hundred years 
 ago this country was in the position of a crown 
 colony, or perhaps lower m the scale of self- 
 government; in 1791, when the provinces of 
 Upper and Lower Canada were created, we 
 were but little better off. After half a century 
 misgovernment under an imperfect oonstitutioa 
 drove the people to rebellion , in 1840, when 
 the Canada^ were united, there came respon- 
 sible government — a greater freedom m the 
 management of our own afffairs — a step in the 
 dirtctionof that almost complete independence 
 which was effected in 1867 by the foundation 
 of this grfat Dominion. Weil might the 
 Can;idian Minister of Justice in 1874 write 
 to the Earl of Carnarvon that ** Canada is not 
 nierfly a colony or a province, she is a Do- 
 minion composed of an afirsregate ot seven 
 large provinces federally united under one Im- 
 perial charter which expressly recites that the 
 
f** 
 
 constitution is to be similar to that of the 
 United Kingdom." Nay, more, he says, 
 •*Besides the power with which she is invested 
 over a large part of the affairs of the inhabi- 
 tants of the several provinces she enjoys 
 absolute power of legislation and administra- 
 tion over the people and territories of the 
 N.W., out uf which she has already created 
 one province and is empowered to create others 
 with representative institutions." And so the 
 Dominion began with 4 provinces in 1807 
 and to-dav it embraces half the continent. 
 When the United States declared its Inde- 
 pendence in 1770 it included only 13 Staten, 
 not all the territory lying east of the Missis- 
 sippi — and it was a long time and encountered 
 great trouble and expense before it stretched 
 itself across to the Pacific. It has done won- 
 ders in this century of wonders; but we are not 
 a century old or one-quarter of it, we are only 
 emerging from childhood, havincrdone no more 
 than attain our twenty-second year. This 
 western continent has great possibilities, and 
 who knows what the Dominion may not be 
 when it has reached its hundredth year! We 
 have no serious disadvantages in our form of 
 government, we are perhaps legislated for too 
 much, but we need not be misgoverned. We 
 have perliaps the very best constitution in 
 
 it 
 
 4 
 
 k 
 
¥«* 
 
 .. 
 
 i 
 
 the world, und it U our own fault if we are 
 not froverned to oar own sabisfaction. We are 
 practically an independent people in nearly 
 everything that concerns our domestic affairs 
 we are constitutionally free in everything ex- 
 cept international affairs and some few matters 
 in which Great Britain has interests equal to 
 or larger than our own. People are apt to 
 undervalue the blessings of good government, 
 having enough to do to nake a living without 
 troubling themsplves over it, but one need only 
 turn to the struggle going on in Ireland to 
 reflect that if one half the miserv and discon- 
 tent cau?ed there is due to bad government 
 then bad government must be a very bad thing 
 indeed. 
 
 The Country to Rnrn One's Living In. 
 
 Now this question of making a living is a 
 very serious personal one and the best of all 
 governments unfortunately does not supply 
 those under it with clothing and three meals 
 a day. It supplies, no doubt, a good many, 
 but these are the favored politicians. We oan 
 nob all hope to be fed at the public crib. I 
 believe it is true as a general proposition in 
 social economy that there is not a man on the 
 face of the earth but, with the aid of his head 
 or of his two hands, can make a fair living. It 
 
6 
 
 18 a proviaion of nature to be self -support infj: 
 whether he lives lazily on a bunch of grapes 
 and a firlass of water in the sunshine of Italy or 
 laboriously supports himself in the northern 
 countries. No healthy roan need starve. He 
 can do roore, he can lay by and give to those 
 who are unable to work. The poor who can 
 work, if work is to be had, are no objects of 
 charity. We have some of them in this 
 country but we have no need for them. Every 
 man in Canada can make an honest livincr. 
 There is land enough for exery one— there is 
 fuel, there is a healthy climate. We are not 
 oppressed by the sirnooni of the desert nor 
 overwhelmed by the cyclone of the prairies. 
 And so another great advantage is in tnis 
 country not to be so readily had elsewhere, 
 and that is a fair competence is within the 
 reach of all. One is not ground by Govern- 
 ment taxes nor ruined by State impositions. 
 One hasn't to fight the wind and weather, 
 though I admit there will be the usual wail 
 this year about the destruction of peaches, 
 and it is likely the farmers will not find the 
 rainfall to their satisfaction. This subject of 
 weather, though quitt) a blessing as an nid to 
 conversation, is perhaps about the only thing 
 we can seriously grumble at. In Scotland, you 
 know, it rains nearly all the time and snows 
 
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 for the balance, and I think we should n^- 
 quire one week of their so-called fine weatl^r 
 to be saiiafied with our own in this countrT^ 
 
 Freedom In Relltfloii nml In Edumtl^v^ 
 
 There are other snecial advantages in thid 
 country. We do net p*: T-«jecute for con»ciena> 
 sake on matters of religion, we do not impDSO 
 on our neighbor our wn theories in matter:^ of 
 education. I couple thoq* two delicate subj ct8 
 together because I do mog understand how or 
 why they can be sepauited. I ablior any 
 system of yo-called education whicl. Ic^ave^ owt 
 of view the moral crainiiifir of one's child. It i» 
 unchristian — it ij» pagan. One might as well 
 be brought up as were the children in Gree<ift« 
 under Plato and Aristotle thousands oi yearfit 
 ago upon the sv)eculations of the schools, as to 
 be brought up now in this Christian land with 
 no religious instructi(»n and with no more 
 trainincr in morals than is to be found in th& 
 platitudes of some book on elocution. I say 
 there can be no true education that is not ba«*e(i 
 upon reli(rion,and I say that the denominatioa 
 or church that abandons that part of education, 
 virtually admits the u^eiessness of its own 
 teaching. In this mixed country, where e^ary- 
 one IS devoted to his own fvith, it is impossible 
 that the state could please everyone in en- 
 
8 
 
 deavoring: to impart relijrioua instruction. 
 But the law of the land is not to blame for 
 that. The law of this province in that respect 
 is a credit to Christianity and to modern 
 civilization. It is valued recognition of de- 
 nominational traininsr. It says in efifect : The 
 state will do the best it can and all it can in 
 educational matters. It provides a public 
 school system free to everyone, bu5 it will not 
 undertake to impart any special religious in- 
 struction to those who attend it. As some 
 persons may not like their children educated in 
 tliat way, it further says, we will meet their 
 views. We will establish schools to meet that 
 want, and the crovernment lookint? around 
 divided the religious denominations into two 
 great bodies, the Protestants and Catholics, 
 and established separate schools for these great 
 bodies, that was supposed to include all the 
 V people — the others can be left out of tlie reck- 
 oning. The relifirion of Jews is not a recognized 
 part of the law of the land and the affectations 
 of disbelief on the part of the agnostic need not 
 be seriously reearded. Tlie Catholics have gen- 
 erally availed themselves of the legis^lation I 
 vrefer to — the Protestants not so, and in only 
 half a dozen places. I respect those Protest- 
 ants who do not establish schools for them- 
 selves but I do not agree with them. The law 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 H 
 
9 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 of the land allows them a privilege of which 
 generally they do not take advantage ; but I 
 would not think more of complaining ot that 
 —it heincr no part of my business as a Catholic 
 — than it is any part of their business as Pro- 
 te»itant8, to complain of the opposite course 
 which I pursue. The complete equality upon 
 which our school system is based is, I main- 
 tain, a very great recommendation to the 
 youna: Canadian, and I need scarcely say 
 that the plane upon which all religioas bodies 
 move bears exactly the same relation ♦^owards 
 the state. This is a mixed community; it is 
 neither Protestant nor Catholic, but a collec- 
 tion of both. I know of no power that con- 
 trols any one denomination, and I recognize 
 no right in either Catholic or Protestant to 
 domineer one over the other. We sometimes 
 hear it foolishly said that one body or indivi- 
 dual will give fairplay or equal rights to his 
 neighbor. All I can say is that the neigh- 
 bor hus equal rights in spite of such an asser- 
 tion, and will maintain them without his let or 
 hindrance. No private gentleman nor public 
 official nor premier nor royal representative 
 has more liberties to retain or to give away 
 than are already ])0S3e3sed by the general 
 public. 
 
 V 
 
10 
 
 Public an<l Friviile Charity. 
 
 In this (?reat country, and especiiJly In this 
 magnificent province, we have all those ad- 
 v?ntaere8 of good laws, of freedom in matters 
 of religion and education, of splendidly equip- 
 ped schools in professional life, and a fair field 
 for every man to earn his own livelihood hon- 
 estly. We have more. We have for those 
 unable tc earn their own livelihood a system of 
 puVilic charity encouraged by the state, which 
 is one of the chief features of Canadian liber- 
 ality. The deservinsr poor, the poor unable to 
 maintain themselves, the poor that from one 
 cause or another have ceased to be self-sup- 
 porting, we of course have, as we will have to 
 the end of time; bat by a network of charities 
 partly municipal and nartly religious or de- 
 nominational, the deserving poor are, or can 
 be generally relieved, though as often happens 
 the undeserving poor sometimes come in for 
 the share of the other. In the city of Toronto 
 alone we have upwards of thirty different or- 
 ganizations whose end and aim are the allevia- 
 tion of suffering and the succor of the distress- 
 ed. In our hospitals and homes and visiting com- 
 mittees a great and good work is being carried 
 on, and although our Queen City is at times 
 regarded as being a very bigoted and intoler- 
 ant place I venture to say this public charity 
 
 \ 
 
 i 
 
11 
 
 ' 
 
 is carried on with no discrimination ai^ainst 
 any denomination or against any form of be- 
 lief or unbelief. I have the lionor to belong 
 to a considerable number of boards and of 
 charitable organizations, and I am free to say 
 that t»ny attempt made to question a man*» 
 faith is not made as a condition to relieving 
 his stomach. Fully one-third of all the in- 
 door poor in this city of Toronto is relieved^ 
 cared for, nursed, attended to, by the Sisters of 
 Charily, and though these may be largely of 
 one denomination, no man is refdsed admit 
 tance to these wards or denied their shelter. 
 In proof of this the City Council gives liberally 
 to these sisters, the Provincial Gove'-**ment 
 deals them out their allowance in the same way 
 — and it is a liberal way — as it does to the other 
 chanties, and lastly the great wealthy and 
 charitable Protestant public of our city deals 
 
 • 
 
 most generously with them. It is a nice 
 question in every systeir of alms giving how far 
 y'- n are relieving the poor and how far you are 
 encouraging pauperism, but the business man 
 in his hurry has no time to weigh tliese delicate 
 questions. He gives not with the judgment of 
 a political economist, and gives perhaps) reck- 
 lessly, yet he gives with the assurance that 
 some one is worse off thin himself and may be 
 relieved out of his abundance. The charity 
 
12 
 
 that you are encoaraginjr to-day by your pres- 
 ence and contributions is I am sure conduct- 
 ed on the san^e liberal basis and is entitled to 
 the same unselfish support. 
 
 The Future or Cnnndn — Imperial Federa- 
 tion. 
 
 I hope that the Canada of to-day, with its* 
 constitution, its educational and charitable 
 systems will Img continue in its present con- 
 dition. Wehave lived under five or six differ- 
 ent forms of f?overnment withm the past 100 
 years — we oujfht to take a rest n6w. There have 
 been only 16 or so amendment*^ to the constitu- 
 tion ot the United States since it was framed 
 in 1789, and these amendments do not cover 
 one page of an ordmary book. Within that 
 period we have been experimenting? with consti- 
 tutions and it is to be hoped that we have now set- 
 tled down on one that in the opmion of able men 
 is superior to the American form of government. 
 People who talk of smashing Confederation 
 do not talk for their country's good. They 
 are like disappointed suitors in a court of law 
 — they want the law changed to suit their own 
 individual cases. No honest, patriotic man 
 wants Confederation smashed, and there is 
 ample freedom under its provisions for thiS 
 country to become a great prosperous country. 
 The tie, slender as it may be, that binds us 
 
 ■ 
 
13 
 
 ' 
 
 to Great Britain is not a restraint sufficient to 
 ciieck, much less is it a tie sufficient to 
 strangle, us. It may be, wo know not how 
 great protection it is against our being absorb- 
 ed by the great neighbor to the south of 
 us. For my part I can leave to speculators 
 and enthusiasts dreams of independence or 
 annexation. I hold to the present position 
 of Canada as an integral part of a great em- 
 pire, and I hope that the only change in 
 the future, if chancre must come, will be a 
 move in the direction of closer relations witli 
 the other colonies of the empire. If Canada 
 cannot siand alone I hope she will join hands 
 with the other colonies of the empire and 
 form an imperial federation. Tliere is, I be- 
 lieve, no other course open to her, unless she 
 learns to content herself with the present form 
 of pTovernment. 
 
 The 3iatioiial Urc. 
 
 The future of Canada is in the bands of the 
 present generation, whether in those of tlie 
 public men that we now have, or w^ith the 
 public men that are being trained now for 
 the future. It has been well said that a 
 nation is whatever its best public men are. 
 The public men of to-day are largely the 
 product of the past, and whate\er they 
 are we cannot be fairly said to be responsible 
 
14 
 
 for them. They <veie trained in other times 
 and under other influences and perhaps com- 
 pared with the future they may rank as 
 a race of giants. The men of the future are 
 within the scope and influence ot the pre- 
 sent life, and the present must be held 
 largely responsible for them. When one 
 looks around and compares the influences 
 of to-day with those of the last erereration 
 there is certainly an alteration no».iceable. 
 We make more money and spend more 
 than used to be the case ; we all seek for the 
 town and city life in preference to the quiet 
 life m the country . the rush for hiarher 
 education and professional life and the avoid- 
 ance of trades and the life of the artisan are 
 features, are the aims of our younj^ men. I 
 could wish that there w^re nothing to complain 
 of, but there are tendencies in our Canadian 
 life borrowed from other nations, customs that 
 are not entirely for tlie good. For mstr ice it 
 would indicate a better spirit if the youth of the 
 country took part in healthy games instead 
 of payincr professional gentlemen to play games 
 for them. I tell you that there is more 
 money drawn out of Toronto in the summer 
 season to go to the support of a good for nothing 
 class than would support the poor of the city 
 or the whole year. We have a large number 
 
15 
 
 of the prood for nothinG: class that were ua- 
 kiiown a generation'af^o. I would'rather see the 
 younpf Canadian concent to be a very passable 
 amateur takitVp&rt in our games and amuse- 
 ments than payinpr 25 and 50 cents to bo a 
 spectator. And the loss of money and of time 
 and of proper companions and of proper places 
 are not the only los^ies. There is the loss of 
 enfTjry, the loss of determination, the loss of 
 ambition to win, Vvhich is necessary to every 
 ])ublic man, and which is learned ani matured 
 in the cricket and lacrosse field or in the 
 race course, just as surelv as it is in the 
 public platform or the public debate. I 
 deplore the direction which has unfortunate- 
 ly been cfiven to our arames in Canada. T fe^-l 
 ti)at they form no unimportant part of a nation^s 
 outfit and that encourajrement criven to them 
 is encouraf^ement in the right direction. I be- 
 lieve that we should be our own players and that 
 It ia a bad siirn when we have to ])ay for tlie wit- 
 nessing of games, c^ames m which we our- 
 selves should be the actors. I believe that 
 there was a proportionate thoroughness in 
 the homely education of earlier years in the 
 province. The object of study nowa-days 
 seems to be less a desire to get a good mental 
 and moral training than it is a desire to pass 
 -certain examinatious. There were magni- 
 

 
 
 16 
 
 ficent men in former times that mij»l)t 
 be puzzled over the '* olo^ies " of to-dav» 
 but they were hard opponents in a contest 
 and the right sort of men when there was 
 anything to be said or done of practical every- 
 day life, I hope that in many respects the 
 rising efenerations will ecLual them. I hope 
 rhey will copy their virtues and avoid their 
 "faults, and that they will maUe as respectable 
 a figure in life as their fathers have made be- 
 tore tht^m. 
 
 At the conclusion of the address a vote of 
 thanks was proposed by Mr. Biin, M.P., 
 and secdnded by Mr. Watson, in patriotic 
 speeches, to which a suitable reply was 
 given, and after three cheers were given for 
 the Queen the audience dispersed. 
 
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