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I. \ CHARLOTTETOWN : PRINTJKD inOR THK AUTHOR. 1867, ^ J^ V /Vdf' A ■ Price, 10 cents, or 76 cents for ten copies. 7 f M ^'^ '■ >'\ » » ■■ as ^ M '^ /. o.}.... **«..*«^^- ••"^V.'wf'**' -'■■"■'"■**'5r'-t . i -.•^•1 rai-J'ATOIIV XOTT(n-]. T.A-r ;iiiiniii!i llic -iilijiM'i (if ( lii-i-Mi;!!! linpiivni \\:i> (>- V('r;il (li-<'oiir-.('<. (lc!i\ crcil in I'nion < Inipcl. M. I'l'lcr*- ii'mid. 'I'lm .1J('\-. ( icci'ui- Snilici'lnnd pre -en! rd ili" r.-MJolcipli^t \ lew ii'Tf. and llif nnilioi' of I lii- I rad liic Uapli-l \i('\v. 'I'lii- piiMication ronlaiiis till' -nli-lanrc (if (inc of I III' di -I'lMn'-c- llicn drliNcrcd in -npporl of r>ap!i-l scnliniiMit-. The piopn-iiion-- licfc coniltatcil \\ci'<' niain- laincd I»y .Mr. S.. in one <»r lii- di-c(.nr<<'>. df'li\crcd a- aliuxc My Iraci \< noi inicndid a- a reply l propo-.ition-. Ivindly li;vni-lied lo nie liy iiini-cil'. really i't my views on 1 his p;ii 1 (d iIk- hapli-nial con I ro\ cr-y oNcr auain-i hi- \ iew s : re;jardin;.r tho-e \ iew s. lio\ve\cr. a< held l)\ him in eonnnoii with olhei'-. raiher than as Ijeinii' peculiar lo 1 Mu-ell'. it i- not lor pai'ly's sake that I put I'oi'iii my ti'act. bm for the lie\\ me. that I ha\ c here ini>iaken the mind of the Spi;ii . I vjinji lie deeply ihanklnl. \'et if any attempt he made in tin- line. I nui-t he refuted hy aru'unteiil. not hy a--ump- tion — coidVonted hy 1 )i\ine authority, not hy human. Mere do'inia- (ism. ini-u-iained liy appeal>"io the law and the testimony. ■" will ohlain from nu' no atieniioii : nor. I would add. an\' thiuu'thr.t may ))e eoUaieral only, or irrelevant, or. least of ail. that may savour of oireu-iN'e per-onalily. It mi;iht have l)een well it' my tract had aitjieared liefore Mr. Su- Iherland Innl left u<. I can say with truth, however, that ! ha\<' not intentionally delated its i>«ue until lii- depa.rture. AVliy shiudd 1 lia\'e done so? since lie has certainly lett heliind him Li'entleinen e. may (.od Din'fAh Tiii: ukjiitI 1 jus! add. that, while I may u-ellie terms. Vn(U)hfi/:/(siii. inlant hdjilisiii, Sic. I do iKtt mean to admit, that infant baptism i< any liaj)- tism at all. I employ such phraseology for con-NCifKMH'e sake, and Jiol hy way of ('oiices>iou. .\< I'aiil. in wi'itiiii:' to the (iaiatians, speaks of pretended ijods. which yet. he says. •• hy nature are no ^•ods;"" and (»!' " another ii'o>pel. which."* he ad(N. '" is not another.'" but is in triith no u'ospel ; so. as an advocate of the " one hapti-m" of the New 'restameiit. w hen I refer to other ba})ti-ms. I yet do not recou'iii/e them as baptisms at all. 'l'lie_\' are. in my \iew. u ' noitlior is that circumcision, winch is outward in the flesh. But he is a Jew, who is one inwdrdli/ ; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the sjiirlf, and not in tlie letter; whose praise is not of men, but of (hxiy In this way we arrive, first, at tlie typical nieaninir of tlie Jewisli circumcision. It did not terminate in it- self, but pointed ultimately at the circumcision and sanctification of the heart. An ii; ii i ii » reader, then, be pleased to turn to the fol](jwin,ii' ]>assau'es r — lleb. i. 1, 2. John i. 17. l.uko ix, oO, .')!. Do not these passages give to that voice irom heaven a peculiftr and solemn em])hasis, — " This is my be- loved Son, in whom 1 am well ])leased; hear ye him ?" Matt, xvii 5. Surely we cannot err. in obedience to that voice, in as- siji'iiiiitr a su]tremacy to the ]iosition and teachings of our liord ; taking heed to him rather than to any other, iiisjiirrd Ihotujh lie 'iiKiij he : taking heed indeed to them likewise; yet doing so in deference to him, and for his sake. Nor can we err, farther, in thinkiniic that lie, "the Lord from heaven," can do what lie will in his own kingdom : — can not only nnike laws, but repeal them, and give us new ones instead of the old. And if, finally, lie him- self hath exalted tln^ New Testament above the Old, we do not disjjarage the Old Testament, as is charged upon us by some of the advocates of infant ba])tism, when we put it where himself has put it, and regard the glory of the one as utterly eclipsed amid the brighter glories of the other."' THE Ar.OVE APrLTED. But now is it asked, What has all this to do with the baptismal question ? I answer, " iMueh every way." Our Paedobaptist friends can find no direct precept for their rite in the New Testa- ment. But they think they perceive something to their purpose in the Old. They therefore go about to shew, that the Old Tes- tament is invested with an authority entitling it to some sort of right to dictate New Testament ordinances. On the other hand we, as Baptists, deny that the Old Testament is possessed of any such authority. The Old Testament dispensation, we maintain, * See here 2 Cor. iii. cincuMcrsioN and raptism. wns siu'h as Clirist liiinsolf iiiado it for Old Tostamont timojs, and Old TcstaiiuMit purposes. And when that saiiK! Christ hccomes incarnato, atul sots up liis New Tostanieiit dispensation, ho does then what ho plcasos with his own 01<1 TostanHMit institutions. y//.s they arc, and in his hands ; and so \ui does with them what he pleases. CIRCUMCrSIOX AEOr-ISTIKD. And this one tiling, among others, h(> Jnis done. Tie has ut- terly iiholishrd circiiiufisloH. The record in roLranl to this is ijiven Acts XV. 1,2;^ — 20, We there read, that '' eertain men, who went down from Jiidea to Antioch, taught the brethren, Kxeept ye be cireumcised after the manner of Moseys, ye eannot be saved." Tiien, when this matter had been considered, in a eouneil lield in Jerusalem, under the immirit, — the oidy church council ever so held, or so sanc- tioned, — the conclusion which was reacluMl was embodied in a decree; in whi(di decree '' the apostles, and Elders, and brethren," and the Holy Spirit united. Its enactins: portion is iriven in these words : — '' It seemed good to the Holy S[)irit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things, — That ye abstain from meats offin'ed to idols, and from blood, and fVitm things strangli^d, and from forni(;ati(jn : from which if ye keep keep yourselves, yo shall do well." Paul, in his e])istle to the Galatians, tells us tohi/ circumcision was thus abolished. His words are these, as given ch. v. 3 — 6. •' I testify ... to every man that is circumcised, that he is a debtor to do the whole law. Christ is become of no effect to you, whosoever of you are justi- fied by the law : ye are fallen from grace. For we, tlnvnigh the Spirit wait for the hope of righteousness by faith. For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision ; but faith which worketh by love." APOSTOLIC TEACHING APPLIED. Oh ! how much there is here ! First, in regard to circumcision. And then, more remotely, in what may well be applied to the question of infant baptism. As to circumcision, it lay at the root of the old ceremonial law. It involved every one who received it in an obligation to observe the whole of that law. It thus, as observed after the Grospel had come, struck at the work of Christ; who came to fulfil that law, and then to set it aside, and instead of it to give us the " law of faith." And therefore it must be abolished, that it might not stand in the way of the Grospel, with its freedom, its purity, and its love. It must be abolished — this rite of circumcision, and the whole ceremonial law with it ; that > nncuMcrsioN A\n rapttsm. 7 thuH mon miiilit not be toniptod to trust iti tliat law. and in tliia way to " fall from «rraco," and aliandon the irroat Gosptd prin- ciple which alone ean save their souls, and so after all perish in tlieir sins. And in this way, passing; now to the matter of })ap- tisni, we obtain a ^dimpse, and soniethinLT more, of one weiirhty reason wdiy, as we JJaptists maintain, unconscious babes are not now to be l)roufrht into any such relationship with the church of (i(m1 as that into which they were introduced in amdent days. The o'.d law was a carnal liw. Men were broufriit under it liy cere- monial (d)servances. ]iut the new law, " the law of faith," is a spirittial law. Tender it none has a riLdit to a ])la(*c in thc^ chur(di of <}od, unh>ss he is a partak'er of that spiritual i:'race, th(> m- bcrship. It takes away circumcision, and ]»rovi(les no su))stitute for circunu-ision. All who clin^ to circumcision, or plead for .somctliinir instead of. it under tlu' CJosjxd, do in effect, whether they are aware of it or not, l'o })ack to tin; old law, and desire to inc(M'))t)rate some of its ])rinci])les, at least, into the new Christian dispensation. J>ut Christ will not have this. There is dan<:"er in it. Jict any church beixin with a carnal principle — a princi])le that goes to ('onfound the church with the world, and God only Icnows whither tliey may drift — how far they may get away from the grace of the Gospel — nor how justly they may expose them- selves to rebukes sucli as Paul addvesseil to those ancient Gala- tian professors. Oh I when will (Miristians in these later days come to see these things ; and so be led at last to abandon the carnal rite of infant baptism, with all its principles and tendencies? AXOTIIEll FUNDAMI'NTAL PROrOSITION. IT. But now here is another fundamental proposition; namely, " That the church of God is one in all ages." THE TRUE STATE OF THE CASE. No doubt there is truth in this proposition. In certain respects there Itas existed a oneness in. tiio church from its beginning until now; and there will be a oneness for ever. It is not necessary, however, that I should stay to illustrate this statement. I pro- ceed rather to observe, that highly important diiferences are yet to be traced between the church under Abraham and Moses, and the church under Christ. One of these appears in respect to their menilicrship. Every child of Abraham, in the line of Isaac and Jacob, when duly circumcised, coin-crtcd or uncoitccrtcd, was re- garded as a member of the Jewish church, and was entitled, as •such, to all the ordinances of that church. But is this, or any 8 CIRCUMCISION AND BAPTISM. tliino' like this, I would ask, tlie constitution of the Christian church? How reads the commission ? " He that helievetJi, and is baptized shall be saved." Mark xvi. 16. And were not the apostolic churches addressed as " saints and faithful brethren in Christ," or in terms of the like import ? as in Col. i. 2. llom. i. 7. 1 Cor. i, 2. 2 Cor. i. 1, &c. And as to ordinances, the ancient church and the later diftcr in this respect, — that while our Chris- tian ordinances relate immediatcily to spiritual objects, and facts, and truths, and expectations, the Mosaic ordinances were, in the first instance, simply outward and carnal in their aspects. Where- fore the apostle Paul describes all of them as "' carnnl ordinances." Heb. ix. 10. Whatever in thom was s])iritual looked forward to the future, and was but shadowy and typical. All these, more- over, were only temporary, and could be no other. " Imposed" only " until the time of reformation," when Christ sliould come, their great antitype and substance, they were '"• ready to vanish away." Ileb. ix. 10. viii. lo. From tlie whole of wliich it is nui- nifest, that the church, in all respects, has not been one in all au'os. It has passed out of one form into another. Tlie ])atriarchal lias passed into the Mosaic. That, again, has passed into the Clu'is- tian. While this too shall be changed at last into the church of the resurrection, sinless, perfect, and eternal. INFANT BAPTISM FINDS HERE NO SITrrOPvT. Now if these things are so, then it is easy to see, that there is nothing in the assumed oneness of the cliurch in every age that can aid the argument in favour of infant bai)tism. On the con- trary, in the dirterenc(\s to which I have pointed, as existing be- tween the earlier church and the latter, there is every thing to make that argument of no effect. Which statement is abundantly corroborated by the language of Jeremiah, as quoted by Paul, in speaking of the old and vanishing covenant, and the new and abiding one. Jer. xxxi. 31 — 34. Ileb. viii. — 13. PiSpocially we have here these words : — " I will put my laws into their mind, ar.d write them in their hearts. . , . And they shall not tench every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord ; for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest.' JVI — not all men, as is liere often understood ; but all who have an interest in the new and better covenant. " All shall Inioiv me, from the least to the greatest." When terms like these can fitly be applied to unconscious babes, then, but not before, they may be regarded as entitled to the privileges of the new covenant. Until then, no argument derived from the oneness of the church of God in every age, as pleaded by Pfisdobaptists, can establish the claim of infants to the ordinances or the blessings of the new covenant. CTTirUMCTSION AND BAPTIS^f. AX ATIGUMENT FROM TIIH PIIHCEDING rUOrOSITIONS. 9 TTT. It is fartlior nuiint.iiiUMl, by way of buildliiu' upon the basis lai'l ill tlie nbovo propositions, that " tho covenant with Abraham embraced chiefly spiritual mercies, and extended to the (J entile church of all a^'es." CONFUSION OF THOUGHT. Tliere seems to be a;reat confusion of thought here — a confusion which pervades the views of all who plead for infant ))aptism upon the basis of the Abraliamic covenant. In order to dissipate that confusion, I will endeavour to place this covenant in its true Scriptural liirht. Its relation to the ])aptismal (piostion, or rather, the abseiice of any such relation, will then be apparent. WHAT WAS THK AIHIAHAMIC COVENANT ? By a covenant, then, wo are to understand irenernllv an en- gnirement. God's covenant with Abraham was, his eii2'n_irenient to "bless him, and make him a blessing." Or, to give it more particularly, it runs thus : — "• I will make of thee a great nation ; and 1 will bless thee, and make thy name great, and thou shalt l)e a })lossiug. . . . An