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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 <; •**• 6 > / L " »' ^4^ ^ AN *>»•• ADDRESS \ 10 % THK rKOPI.K o* •? y^ GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, By A BRITISH CANADIAN LOYALIST S CANADA WEST 1849- © - ^ » I I it t 1 •I '4l 'i t> ♦ • TO THK IMIAIUTANTS ur GREAT BRITAIN AND 1RELAXI> ^ » 1 1 I .» 1 • » • > * VrIKNPS and OorNTRVJIEN, I desire Ly lhef?e, avid over; culaaring appelLi- tion, thtit may desi^^ujjto tlie tics wliioli oxviht to bind ws to each oliicv, to eiiliviit your hoi'Ious attentioa to thfl present uiiluippy pOiiJMi '".f 11jI>5 i*roYiiicc. lu 1837-8 ail inmaturid I'^^ol'iou Lroko out in Upper and Lower Caiuid?.. wLieli y;.rodiiGCMl the great- est misery in nirjiy of their counties, causing the death of thou;5niKls%ind involving tho whole popula- tion in diiTiculties iind privati-^-?'. In Upper Canada, the rebellion was put down by the zeal and exertion^? of tlic loyari^^t:--, who compose the great majority of tlie people, without uny assist- ance from the military; but in the Lower Provinces; where those attached to the Mother Country were fewer in number than the insurgents, it became neces- sary to call iu the aid of Her J>Lijesty's troops to suppress the insurrection. Soon after the two Provinces were restored to a state of tranquility, they were united under one iegis- Lature, and what has been termed Respo/i.sible Govern- ment conferred on them. From the operation of these two measures, and the unwise policy of the Colonial Office, the LOYAL inhabitants of the United Province of Canada who suppressed the rebellion, find them telves nr\^et tlie govnrnYT^cnt of tli® very men by whom it was pvomored, and nre called vpori to tax tlicmselves t<» pny thoir enoiuios f jr tho losses caused iv tlicii* rebellion aguinst tbe Queen. ^ Mr. LiiFontaiiio, who v;;is deeply in^-pVicatna m prouioiiiig tlic iusiu-reetion. mid ^viio was compelled to fly to ebeaj>o punish nieut, is :it. this uiomeiU absolute master of the Pi-oviueiul (Joverniueiit. lie may at times condescend to consult Lis timid colleague, Mr. Baldwin, who was ucarly as much concerned as him- self in the rebellion, but" it is only -for the purpose of apprising? liim that such and such a meusuro must be adopted." In return he allows 31 r Jialdwia to pass through the legislature such of Ills seltish plans as may enable him to gratify his supporters, provided they do not extend to Lower Canada, unless indeed, as is too ofcen the case, they should be more for the benefit of that sectior, of the province than ti.e other. Here the principle is laid down and in actual ope- ration which Lord Stanley merely imagines. ' The Prime Minister of Canada, which contains more than a million and-a-half of inhabitants, advises the Governor General in every question, and that advice must be implicitly followed. He hi^n lUo cci-^tvol of tho Local House of Assembly— he directs the Govornor Gen- eral in every matter that comes before him, when he thinks it worth his while to interfere. No govern- ment measure of any moment can be introduced into the legislature witho\\t his consent— he dictates the appointments to the Legislative Council, so that the Executive Government and Crown itself centre in one man. It is on account of all this, which is daily most painfully before them, that very many conserva- tives in their distress have brought themselves to so- licit a second Elective Legislative Chamber, as some check upon the democratic despotism under which they are suffering, for it has become an office to regis- ter the acts of Mr. LaFontaine. * t ' Conceive tLfit, from a stiangc concatenation of events, \Y. Smith O'Brion, tlie pnrdoiiccl traitor, were in a few years to Lccomo not merely Prime 3hiuscr, liut the dictator of Great Ih'italn and Ireland^ that In^ will was ill everything to ho fol owed, and that amoniro'heriiionsures. he iuado the Parliament of Lords iiV.d Counuon.s,hoh1n.- the Queen a cypher, to pass an Act conferring on lilui.elf and his brother rcheU, hii'h honors and rowards-^the rewards to be l,ald ontVta:^c3 imposed on those who crushed his rebellion and preserved the country from anarchy and destrnction. Conceive all thl..% and you will have a toleraldo idea ci what tl;e Loyal Canadians are now end urine;. . > •§ v ht- ^Yh(•ntlloIndemnIlTBmwas introduced by Mr. LnFontaInc, the Ir.yallsis tool; coura-e— the incasure was so monstrous, .-o utterly subversive of aii social order, i^uch a direct insult to the Crown and hmpire, that they tru-^tcd tlic Imperial Government would take the alarm and come to their asHistance. Ahougti disappointed in this natnral expectation, they still believed that an Appeal against ^uch an iniqui ous measure would meet with immediate favour, and tnat the Act would be dis-dk-)wed. That Appeal has been liuide to the Queen's Government, and this measure, brought in by traitors for the avowed purpose ot re- warding rebels, Las bceu confirmed by the British Legislature. . It is true the Government has qualified their ap- probation of the Act and stultified themselves,^ by declaring in the teeth of its enactments, that it la not intended to pay rebels, and they have *-';.:>;••: -a the Colonial Government to make the same proiession, and to trample on all their acts and speeches while the question was under discussion, for at that time they sou'^-ht not to conceal their nefarious purposes But this^is not enough, nor is it doing justice to tbo Invabstf* who paved ( :mada In the day of pf-ril Ihev v^m I ■eel witli Lord Lyiu.lliurft, TvTio f?a3' r.ext step to the rewarding of ro]:el^. V«'hat. ]::nd (f policy produces .sTich me- lancholy ro?ulh c;i!i hn best explained by Lord Grey who has adopted it. lie is one of tlio.-pd th>-» Dritisli Kin|)ir(? to its present powerful emiuunee, and from wliieh emlnoiioe, tho present Ministry by their insane departure, are liko spirits of evil xealously one can clearly pronounce — pevhap^^ ilie benefit on the whole v/onUI be in favour of the British Empire, because of 'her vavioi'S ,josse.s8lons, pvoduoiions, capi- tal, entcr})r!sG and knowledge. Let it. however, bo remavked, tliat th.e epithet freu applied to trade is a f;olieisni. There, v.evcr can be buch a thing as free trade talccu in its a))solutc or fiTueral fccnsc. It is true we can cut away monopo- lies, and this Great Britain has been gradualist doing. The East India and the China trade have been opened. Again, treaties of reciprocity have been adopted, oy whicli greater freedom of trade has been admitted with particular nations Viith mutual advan- tage-— but tlicio is a natural limit to free trade which never ca' be removed. The power oi" }:roduction is greater than the power of purchasing ; thus, the /'ottoii Lords of England, from their extensive ma -MM 8 i^hinri^ and commaiifl of capita!, couIJ easily malrt ootton goods lor all the world. But, ^yill all thw world piircliascW Cortninly not — nations inaniifac- turu for thcniscdvos. Tims V'crniany, France, 8wit- y.crlaiid, iUi.s^ia und North Ani{;rica oncoiirntre Lome indnslry, and are gr^aiinlly .supplying- tlioip own ■Wants in many brunciips which used to bo supplied from Kngland. This limit was not pen "ived during thv French rcvolutionnry war, nor i'or -uany years afiur: but iti has inercasod rapidly durpig "the last twenty year.s, and for the last ten yeiirs has been at times very sensibly ielt, in tiie rrecpjcnt gluts, as they hive been called, and cry of over-trading. For, as foreign manufactures prosper, they reouirc less and less from Fngland; aiid had not "the population in Europe aiid Amcj-icu increa.sed rapidly throughout the same period, England would have* fclL the dimiu- ation of her manufactured exports alarmingly de- creasing: but, though growing w^ants from increase of people, frequent disturbances and tigitations in Europe, the intervention of wars and other casuylties^ &c., have as yet combined to keep the exports up, and even occasiomiUy to iiicrease them, the limit will soon tell of a gradual diminution. Hence the cry in England^ for free trade, and the opening of new mar- kets. Now, this will be found a delusion ; the first cry was, " destroy all iiicnopolies at home"— this has been done : the cry nov/ is, " destroy monopolies abroad.-' But, will this be done ? or, can it be done ? It requires the consent of other governments ; but, will they listen to our selfish applications? Where the population is great, it is better for the government to^ employ the people at some disadvantage than to allow t!iem to be idle, for this will cost infinitely picre, and at the same time make them vicious. To keep pcpukticn in healthy employment, is often a rf^?-xk of Vjrr.i^M\r^^ d.vMp^, ^Vh.o^^cfh it is seldom the^ • * « • '''% • 4 *■» « • are imposed for tlils piir{»o«c, l>etiig inure oftui iiu- posecl for the protectlou of t'ao tow, or for the sake of revenue. All the uationg of E:iropo and t1i<3 TTnltcfl Stntcs protect the imiiistry of their yx'ople, and witli few exceptions, thyy net wisely — thi»y nre Itfund by tho Light'st oblliratioiiJ to ])rutCitt tlit!»* <»vvn ])eo|jie lu pret'ereriee ta tlio sfrniiittr. Ti»?.^ wo liiiow' to be a heresy r.moii;^ those wlio have cidojitcd t!.e lieartlosa maxim of Wiminiou, to buy chcnp aii-.l to sell dear— a uiaxini whieU ^^17 bo couciderod tho very essence of selfishness, oiia Ike ail other prineijdes from tho same school, is as falso os it is wicked. The Man- Chester worshippors of tills principle, by ^vliich they ire ruining your honor and pvospcriry. are frcf.jucntly declaiming on their rijhes anci the power of their inachincry ; but, set f« m'p tho l^asr di?- 10 ^^otfed to industry, or who from their selfishness are ihe most indifferent to the welfare of others, become ill!' wcukest Jind the most wretched. Hence, the diiicrence of soil, of climnte, of manners and dis- po^itiotis of various nations, appear to h;ive been cstnblished in order to unite tliom more kindly to- gctlier in nuilti plying their rehitions — and Lence again, true coninierce is liberal not mercenary. [Tad the miselnevcus paradoxes of what is oallecl political economy a branch of knowledge, wliich seems with a very few trifling exceptions to have gone back since the publication of Smith's Wealth of Na- tions been confiiied to the closet, they might have lieen made a source of merriment rather than of com- plaint; but when we find them adopted as rules of government, and teaching among other sophisms, that trade should be entirely free and allowed to find its level as water, and that Great Britain would be much better shorn of her colonies, which are a burthen without profit, and thus leading to the most mischie- vous blunders in legislation, it is tin^e to .expose their wickedness and folly. Now. what would Great Bri- tain be without her ships, colonies and commerce? What have the colonies made I'.er ] The centre of the civiliza'ion of the whole world. Foreign nations, however remote and barbarous, derive light and heat from her industry, enterprise and knowledge. Her colonies have called forth her skill and energies, and enabled her to embrace in her gigantic grasp the circle of the globe — and })y their means she has b'i- come the emporium of universal commerce— through them she sends letters, science and the arts to hun- dreds of millions whom she has united in one common bond of allegianee. By establishing colo'.ies in every quarter of the world, she has fulfilled one of the noblest and most beneficial purposes of a great liation. She has peo- pled uninhabited regions — brought savage tribes f I n ^..^ 'tvithin the \m](i of orfkn* niitl \;i\\\ aiul (aiiglit them to feel the digiiif-y of rl.oir nature and the enonry of their niinflH. jsy her c •V)'!ii-..s .^he provides for the redundanev of !<'r r'.'.ri1aii< i>. ;i!id ;)resents to nieri- torinus o:iterv)rise jmmI industry the means and oppor- tunity of snoeessfiil exertion. M«n'<'over her coh^ines hav« ena])Vd Orent Tjritttin to fonii. :it intermedia^:? ••■•ornts linl-is of conininniea- tion }u;t''V'"*e»ri tl:e r.nr.'st'^-t Irsnd^ to \v!ile!i eonmieree can extend, und to imiwi-t *.» ad the va;-t I>eneiits of Ler industr;.'. fkilh trdo-ni-! a'nl knn\vled;_re. The v:?st po?! sessions of tlie ]>riti«:!i Empire, pre- sent a bonndle^s theatrv\ ovleriri;:^ infinite opportuni- ties for the o.':(^''eiso of the inf>''t eidighte.ied poliey. Wi.at, it ni.'jv bait;nn done with so mneh vnv^'^vl leather r.sk. to what nation does En- rope, the \v,'rld. ove its lihertv? Did siie not stnnd nione th.e snfe^mnrd of nntinns, and meet '.vitli inercnsin.^' eoMr:i2.o t];e united effort'? ot all Eiii't^po :v\d Amcriea, when directed by the consnmmnt:; tale])'s of* tlie i\;n>r,eror Napoleon. Never was a eoiitest seeminirlv fo nnemual maintained, and never in th-? annals of time v':is sncli a gh^rious trinmpii acquired h.y any p' Midc. llvA. could Flie have done all tliis vriih.ont ^'d^'-'. <^(Vi!';'j.-> and commeree. and inr.de cxe.'tions fo tr'i'v ;'i;!nnfio and sacrifices so lof'-y? Nc::t to the V-i-'V;'! '••^'irn^z'e of her ]-)Cople and the nistice oi* her cnu'-e, \;e discover her strenjxth, activity ar.d pover In L-t in>u]ar situation — in her commandl'.ip: po? Britain, which has to raise a revenue of up- wards of fifty millions per annum. Fortunately what f! ! ( »^ » 4 \vp claim is ii^ much your interest as ouri^ ; — we claim OH tho part of the governniorit, a roturu to her former ])olicj ui" n)oder;ito protef'tiou, iiud that tho colonies bo not treated as foreign nations. Nor will such re- turn he difficult. Lot th- various sources from which ihis vast re venae is derm-I be so adjusted as to give a reasouahle protection to British and Colonial in- terests, which may be done and yet allow freedom of trade to the utmost extent that is consistent with the snfety of tho empire and the welfare of the people. The colonies have an undoubted right to be con- sidered as integral parts of the British Empire, and should be chori,siied as her own counties, and such an arrangement of the tarriii should be nnide as to give a just preference to their produco in the British mar- kets. Such a limited advantage, wliilst it gave satis- faction, would be far more than repaid bj the asylum which this country will for ages auord to your redun- dant population, and the hicreasing value of the com- modities iL would consunie. i-hve or six shillings per quarter on foreign wheat, and perfect freedom to all that is shipped from the St. LaT/rence, is but a small boon, and would yet give satisfaction and be gratefully ac]-" owledged, and revive tae depressed trade of this great colony. Let not this declaration disquiet the minds of our friends and fellow subjects in any part of the empire, I assure them that British Canadians bate no desire to dissolve that union which has so long and so happily subsisted, on the contrary, their earnest prayer is that it may be perpetual. A British Canadian Loyalist. •*. • » 4 f \ • » 4 .-' t I '/.