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Giving a full Account of the Cuftoms, Commerce, Religion, and ftrange O- pinions of the Savages of that Country. WITH Political Remarks upon the Courts of Portugal and Denmark^ and the Prelbnt State of the Commerce of thofc Countries. Never Printed before. WRITTEN By the Baron L a h o n t a n , Lord Lieutenant of the French Colony at P/acentia\n Nexvfou?iclla?iJ : Now m Evgland, VOL. W./0^h^-: -r*- ^^ LONDON:' 0'-^ ' ^ k,i^■, Prin-eJ for H Eonwickcm Sr. Paul's ChurcV^arJ^ri -Cia^^n Vf Wottov, B. XoiXi in rlcr.pee: ; and S. ^l^h.f iiC^hik/ 170; -f^ 'Mj>'\j% // '/ •-;■ i t ^'i^ V'l- I .1*- I.N tr- o l»ii .>». ■-*j"'-' >,(*»*'» -»>.»«..«*>.».■ «'»#'St'M«^««-«l^i-«l • ':i*-i*»«*t-J..-S.-"Mfc. t' ■WM -a-s^^v»^> » " ? *■? ^^^ «*-' *^-- ,iC? ,iHit*: <> • ;♦» !»* r ^ ■■■*-«-, -;"» -^: i*?' S"*=»«M««B&iS (■' ' I I f V , V . > ,-.•«*'« ,4 4 4^ . ■ rv»-iv.- Jjrt I S ■6 i i.jf. :>» i \ A f Fi ( 1 ) % 1 DISCOUR OF THE Habit, Houfes, Complexion and Temperament OF THE S A V A OF cT :® ^^ NORTH-JMEKICJ. TH E Grecian Chronologers who ihi- ded the courfe of Time into three Pe- riods^ namely the wUUna HouTej af-^ XAHUGI* AXJK. , wich an 80 f^ncej in Unahth 4i££ardin^lvth4.1>raMaittiatv2A.oxeetni^ tlavtjatLV€ mt uxnttty 3arks afT-ret^ . ThVeCCe %iAa.i, of th^ Ta.hu aLJ^JiJJK madd of a C£r^ain prrt of metal afalLid- colour noir -■ inliki. Copper \L>jz:z~zm%\ V o xe ^o 00 3a too X 6 y\:iy*^^f*'^ ^■Jhn'^rro I Tfi/VeCCels uj'dhyth^ X -A-HTJ CL A.TJK. m unch %oo mtn ma,v row: provtAiA. tfuy artjtuh Ajjimifffy M.OZ eetnie]c pifffAd dnw tf/nu up&nyjkirks of Tret j . mdtccanJma to my comptttzttian fuch a Vefjil mit,^ ht ijo "fhatr tona -from the pro u* to tke jteri - J ■ iw" Aotii atinoii s y ^jf^tr-^' Aj>^arts^ £ ■Jr0n,':f£fra I .\ • • ^77 4. , .f ^i<^ Oiif-^ % Some Mew Voyages ^ fulc but the Fabulous Manufcripcs of the £- tfftians and CbaUenns, who were a Phanatick 5uperftitious fort of People. But fuppofing the E^ptians and CbaUtans to have invented the Art ot Writing, what Credit can we give to the accounts of things that are faid to liave happen'd before the date of that Invention ? In all pro- bability they knew no more of the matter than the jimericansj and upon that fcore 'twas very hard for them to give a faithful Narrative of the Adventures and Exploits of their Anceftors. I am now fully convinc'd that Tradition is fo in- conftant, obfcure, uncertain and fallacious, that we cann't pretend to rely upon it. And this Notion I owe to the Savages of Canada, who being at a lofs to trace the truth of what has been tranfa^ed in their own Country but 200 Years agp, gave me occafion to call in Quefiion t|ie Purity and Truth of Tradition. Upon this lay you may eafily apprehend, that thefe poor People are as little acquainted with their own Hiftory and Origin, as the Greeks and Chaldeans W6re with theirs. Let us therefore content our felves^ my good Friend, in believing that rhey are defcended of honelt old Adam, as well as you 4Qd I, - ' ► I have read ibme Hiftories of Canada, which were writ at feveral times by the Monks^ and mi^ own that they have given fome plain and exa^ Defaiptions of fuch Countries as they kqew i but at the fame time they are widely miftaicen in their Accounts of the Manners and Cuftoms of the Savages. The Recollets brand the: Savages for ftupid, grofs and ruftick Perfons, uncftpable of Thought or Reflexion : But the Jefuits give them other fort of Language, for ih^y intitle them to good Senfe, to a tenacious Msoipry, and to a roper Per- nong them y'd, Blind, d black as White like From their le Air that iding they i miftaken g of Meat without -3 •1 'wvi ''. A 1 A. II i! to North'Amcnci. f 3 ^^ without Bread makes one's breath f*ink. They are neither fo ftrong nor fo vigorous as moft of the Frfw/& are in raifing of Weights with their Arms, or carrying of Burdens on their Backs ,• but to make amends for that, they are indefati- gable and inur'd to Hardfhips, infomuch that the Inconveniences of Cold or Heat have no im- preflion upon them,* their whole time being fpent in the way of Exercife, whether in running up and down at Hunting and Fifliing, or in Dan- cing and playing at Foot-ball, or fuch Games as require the Motion of the Legs. ' The Women are of an indifferent Stature, and as handfom in the Face as you can well imagine ; but then they are fo fat, unwieldy and ill-built, that they*l fcarce tempt any but Savagss. Their Hair is rolled up behind with a fort of Ribband, and that Roller hangs down to their Girdle j they never offer to cut their Hair during the whole Courfe of their Lives, whereas the Men cut theirs every Month. Twere to be wifhed, that the fame good luck which led them to the obfervation of this, had thrown them upon the other Advices of St. Paul, They are covered from the Neck to under the Knee, and always put their Legs a crofs when they fit. The Girls do the fame from their Cradle ; if the Word be not improper, for there is no fuch thing as a Cradle among the Savages. The Mothers make ufe of certain little Boards fluffed with Cotton, upon which the Children lye as if their Backs were glued to them, being (waddled in Linnen, and kept on with Swathbands run through the fides of the Boards. To thefe Boards they tye Strings, by which they hang their Children upon the Branches of Trees, when they are a- bout any thing in the Woods. Aa 3 The ii Jtl . ! I 4 Some Neuf t^oyag^s The old 4i)(i the t^ivrned Men haiv« p- li^e j^xpeditions, in order to guard off the Col4 i^ Winter, ^nd the Flies in Summer. Vpon jf^ch occ^fiCMis they make ufe of a fort of C^p^ piade'in Mie fbr^n of ^ Hat, and Shooes ^ j^)j^ ^r H^it SkinSj which reach up to their mid- leg. , , '^•' Their VilUges are Fortified with double par U&does of very hard Wood, which ^re as tl^ck IS one's Thigh, and fifteen Foot high, with litr ^le Squares about the middle of the Courtines^. Commonly their Huts or Cottages are Eighty foot long, Twenty five or Thirty Foot deep, $nd Twenty Foot high. They are cover'd with the Bark of young Elms ,♦ and have two Alcp- yes, one on the right Hand and the other on the left, being a Foot high and nine Fopf broad, between which they make their Fires , there bein^ vents made in the Hoof for the Smoak. Upon the fides of the two Alcoves there are little Clofets or Apartments in which the young Women or married Perfons lye upon little Beds rais'd about a Foot from the Ground. To Conclude, one Hut contains three or four Families. The to North'Amcticz.' y The Savages are very Healthy, and unac- quainted with an infinity ofDifeafes^that plague the Emofeansy fuch as the "Palfef, the Droffey^ thd GoMty thQPhthifick, the Afihma^ the Gravel, and the Stone : But at the fame time they are liable to the Small-Vox y and to Vlettrifies, If a Man dies at the Age of Sixty Years, they think he dies young, for they commonly live to Eighty or an Hundred ,* nay, I met with two that were turn'd of an Hundred feveral Years. But there are fome among them that do not live fo long^ becaufe they voluntarily (horren their Lives by poyfoning themfelves, as I ftiall fhew you elfe- where. In this Point they fcem to join iffue with Zeno and the Stoicks, who vindicate Self- Murther ,• and from thence I conclude, that the Americans are as great Fools as thefe great Philo- fophers. A jhort View of the Humrs andCuftoms of the SAVAGES. THE Savages are utter Strangers to diftindi- ons of Property, for what belongs to one is equally anothers. If any one of them be in danger at the Beaver Hunting the reft fiy to his Affiftance without being fo much as ask'd. If his Fufee burfts they are ready to offer him their own. If any of his Children be kill'd or taken by the Enemy, he is prefently furnifb'd with as many Slaves as he hath occafion for. Mo- ney is in ufe with none of them but thofe that are ChriftianSjWho live in the Suburbs of our Towns. The others will not touch or fo much as look upon Silver, but give it the odious Kameof the French Serpent, They'l tell you that amongft A a 4 us --?> 8 . Some New Voyages \ us the People Murther, Plunder^ Defame^and be« tray one another^ for Money, that the Husbands make Merchandize of their Wives, and the Mo- thers of their Daughters, for theLucre of that Me- tal. They think it unaccountable that one Man (hould have more than another, and that the Rich /hould have more Refped than the Poor. In fliort, they fay, the name of Savajges which we beftow upon them would fit our felves bet- ter, fmce there is nothing in our Adions that bears an appearance of Wifdom. Such as have been in France were continually teazing us with the F^^ults and Diforders they obferv'din our ^Towns, as being occafion'd by Money. 'Tis in vain to remonftrate to them how ufef ul the Di- fiinii^on of Property is for the fupport of a So- ciety : They make a Jeft of what's to be (aid on that Head. In fine, they neither Quarrel nor Fight, nor Slander one another. They fcoif at Arts and Sciences, and lau^h at the difference of Degrees which is obferv'd with us. They brand us for Slaves, and call us mifcrable Souls, whofe Life is not worth having, tlledging. That we degrade our felves in fubjeding our felves to one Man who poffeifes the whole Power, and is bound by noLaw but his own WilljThat we have continual Jars among our felves ; that our Chil- dren rebel againfl; their Parents ; that we Impri- fon one another, and publickly promote our own Deftruftion. Beffdes, they value themfelves a- bove any thing that you can imagine, and this is the realon they always give for't, Tkat ones ant much Mafier a$ an^thtr^ andfince Men are all made , ^f the fame CUy there jhould kt no Vtfimciion or Su- periorfty among them. They pretend that their contented way of X^iving tar furpaffes our Riches f^^'jBhat all our Siences are not fo valu- able as ishe Art of leading a peaceful calm Li^e ; n ,afi€l be* lusbands theMo- that Me- ;>ne Man that the the Poor. ;e$ which Ives bet- ions that h as have g us with 'din our . 'Tisin 111 the Di- c of a So- le faid on uarrel nor y fcofF at difference IS. They ible Souls^ ;ing. That rfelves to er, and is t we have our Chil- we Impri- 5 our own nfelves a- and this is >at ones a/t re all made ciion or Su- that tjieir affes our )t fo valu- alm Li^e ; Thas fo Nortfc-Americai. 9 That a Man is not a Man with us any farther than Riches will make him ; but amon^ them the true Qualifications of aMan are^ to run well, to hunt, to bend the Bow and manage the Fuzee , to Work a Gannoo , to underftand War, to know jForrefts, to fubfift upon a little, to build Cotta- Iges, to fell Trees, and to be able to travel an [hundred Leagues in a Wood without any Guide, or other Provifion than his Bow and Arrows. They fay, we are great Cheats in felling them bad Wares four times dearer than they are worth, by way ofExchange for their Beaver-skins : That our Fuzees are continually burfting and laming them, after they have paid fufficient Prices for them. I wifh I had time to recount the innume* rable Abfurdities they are guilty of relating to our Cuftoms, but to be particular upon that Head would be a Work of Ten or Twelve Days. . Their Victuals are either Boild or roafted, and they lap great quantities of the Broath, both of Meat andof Fiin : They cannot bear the tafte of Salt or Spices, and wonder that we are able to live fo long as thirty Years, confidering ourWincs, our Spices, and our Immoderate Ufe of Women. They dine generally Forty or Fifty in a Compa- ny, and fomtimes above Three Hundred : Two Hours before they begin they employ themfelves in Dancing, and each Man (ings his £xploirs_,and thofe of his Anceftors ; they dance but one at a time, while the reft are fet on the Ground, and mark the Cadence with an oddTone,Hc, Hi?, // firm you whether thesava,res Dance, and the Dance bad thefe Songs from the Gie- of the Sacrifice. They cians , or the Grecians from differ from one another tk sax'sges. jjQth in the Cadence and in the Leaps; but 'tis impoflible to dcfcribe them, for that they have fo Kti'Ie refemblance to ours. That of the Calumet is the moft grave and handfome,* but they don't per- form that but upon certain Occafions, viz,. When Strangers pafs through their Country, or when their Enemies fend Ambafladors to treat of a Peace. If they approach to a Village by Land, when they're ready to enter, they depute one of this Number, who advances, and proclaims, that he brings the Calumet of Peace ; the reft topping in the mean time, till he calls to them to come : Then fome of the Young Men march out of the Village, at the Gate of which they form an Oval Figure, and when the Strangers are come up to them, they dance all at a time, forming a Second Oval round him that bears the Calumet : Tliis Dance to Nor^fc- America. M Dance contmu^s half ^n Hour. Then they re- ceive tfee Travellers w^h fpme Ceremony > aji4 con4p<^ ^\^m to a F?aft^ The C^r^monw^t^yJ^ the $im^ tp tfeofe th^ come by Water, with «1U ^ di^rence, that they fend a Canoo to the^oott j^> of ^he-Village, with the Calumet of Pe^cf^ Up^^ ^ itf PrpWj in the fliape of a Maft, and on<^\comes *^ frpni tlie VJJli^ge fo meet 'em. The DaMe^j£__^ War is done in a Circle, during which the Shj^^J^^ ge^aref^ated onthe Ground. He that dances ^ moves from the Right Hand to the heft, frnging 111 the m^an time the ]^xploits of himfelf and his Aniceftors* At the end of every Memorable A^- on, hf gives a great StroHp with a Club upon a $jt;ake plac'd in the mwfiile of the Circle, near certain Playei>> who beat Time upon a fort of a Kettle-Dri^m ,* Everyone rifesin his turn tofing his Song : And this is commonly prac^is'd when they go to War, or are come from it. The greateft Paffion of the Savages confifts in the Implacable Hatred they bear to thei; £ne« mies ,* that is, all Nations with whom they are at Open War : They value themfelves mightily upon theirValour,* infomuch that they have fcarce any regard to any thing elfe. One may fay. That they are wholly governed by Temperament, and their Society is perfeoldnefs as e, that ha: >eing dire- ture, they inference and which fliould ac- ver repen- atural Phi- Whea When a Vifit is paid to a Savage^ at going in you muft fay, I am comttofeefucban one: Then Fa- thers, Mothers, Wites, Children go out, or with-^ dra«v themfelves to an Apartment at one end of the Cottage, and be who you will, come not near you to iriterrupt your Converfation. The Fa/Li- on is for him that is vifited, to offer you to eat, drink and fmoak ; and one may ufe an entire free, dom with them, for they don't much mind Com- pliments. If one means to vidt a Woman, the Ceremony's the fame ; / am come to fee fucb an me; then every Body withdraws, and you tariy alone with her you come to fee ,* but you muft not mention any thing Amorous in the Day time, as I fliall inform you elfe where. Nothing furpriz'd me more than to obferve the Quarrels between their Children at play : A little after they are warm'd, they'll tell one another, Tom have no Soul, Ton re wicked. Ton re treacherom : In the mean time their Companions who make a Ring about them, hear all quietly, without tak- ing one fide or t'other till they fall to play again: If oy chance they come to Blows, the reft divide themfelves into two Companies, and carry th« Quarrellers home. They are as ignorant of Geografby as of other Sciences, and yet they draw the moft exadl Maps imaginable of the Countries they're acquainted with, for there's nothing wanting in them but the Longitude and Latitude of Places ; They fet down the True IJwrtb according to the Vole Star; The Ports, Harbours, Rivers, Creeks and Coafts^ of the Lakes; theRoads,Mountains,Woods,Mar(h- es, Meadows,c^'f. counting the diftanccs by Jour- neys and Half-journeys of the Warriers, and al- lowing to every Journey Five Leagues. Thefe Ciftc- rogr/iphical Afaps are drawn upon theRind of your Birth Xree; and when the Old Men hold a Coun- Ml ■ k i ■:V )< ■i :f SI: Wf'. Ri mv- i' 14 5o»ie Wett» f^oyagef cil about War or Huntings they're always fure^o confute them. The Year of the OataoHas, the Outagsmh, the ., .'t Hur»nsy the Sautettrs, the ///«0/x, the Ottrntmrify and '^'^ feveral other Savages, confifls of Twelve-SynocU- cal Lunar-Months, with this difference, when Thirty Moons are fpent, they add one fupernu* merans Month to make it up, which they call the Lofi Moon, and from thence begin their Account again , after the former Method. AH thefe Months have very fuitable Names; for Inftance ; What we name March, they call the Worm-Moon, for then theWorms quit the Hallow Chops of the Trees where they fheltcr'd themfelvcsin theWin- ter. Apri'.\% call'd the Month of Tlants j May of Flowers and fo of the others^ I fay , at the end of thefe Thirty Month, the next that fol- lows is fupernumerary, and not counted; for Ex- ample; We'll fuppofe the Month oi March to be the Thirtieth Lunar-Months, and confequently, the Laft of the Epocha, Next that fhould be coun- ted the Month of j^pril ; whereas the Loft Moon takes place of it, and muft be over before they begin their Account again ; and this Month with the others, makes about a Year and an half. Becaufd they have no Weeks, they reckon from the Firft till the Twenty Sixth ot thefe fort of Months, and that contains juft that fpace of time which is between the firft appearance of the Moon at Night, till having finifk'd its Courfe, it becomes almoft invifible in the Morning ; and this they call the Illumination- Month. For Inftance ; A Sa- vage will fay, I went away the firft tf the Month of Sturgecns ('thatV Au^ft), and returned the Twenty- ninth of the Month cflndian-Com (the fame with cur September) ; and next day, (which is the laft) I refted my felf As for the remaining three Days and . 2 half of the Dead-Moon, during which 'tis / impoffi- to i^rlh-hmmci.. •5 impoffible CO be difcern'd , they give them the Name of the liakU Dfyt. They make as litcld ufe of Hours as Weeks^ having never got the way of making Clocks or Watches ; by the help of which little Inftruments, they might tij vide the I Natural Day into equal P^rts. For this Reaion^ They are fore d to reckon the Natural Day as well ! as the Night, by Quarters, Half, and Three-quar- ters^ the Rifrng and the Setting-Sun^ the Fore- noon and the Evening. As they have a wonder- ful Idea of any thing that depends upon the Atten- tion of the Mind, and attain to an £xa^ Know- ledge of many Things by Long Experience : To crol^aForeft fforlnffance) ofa Hundred Leagues in a ilrait Line , without ftraying either to the Right or Left ; to follow the Trad of a Man or Bead upon the Grafs or Leaves: So they know the Hour of the Day and Night exa Voyagti •he pretended to preferve Mapletrec- Water. Ail 4he Savages which faw this Veife), fell to argu- ing how much it would hold^and with that ?iew caU'd for a Pot, and for Water to determine the matter by Mcafuring. The humor took me to lay with thema Wager of a Treat, that I could tell the Quantity of Water that would fill it bet- ter than they. So that finding by my Compu- tation, that it held about 248 Pots, or therea- bouts, I went to make the Tryal, and made -them not a little wonder that it fail'd but one or two Pots ; upon which I perfwaded them, that the Pots that were wanting were fuck'd up by the new Wood^ But what was moft pleafant they were continually begging me to teach them Stii^ecmetry, that they might make ufe of it up- on occafion : 'Twas to no purpofe to tell them 'twas iftipodible they fhould underftandit^ tho' there were Realbns ior't that might convince any body but Savages. They prefs'd me fo much co'c that I could not be quiet till I was fore d to -tell them, that no body could do it to Perfecti- on but the Jefuits. The Savages prefer your little Convex Glaffes of two Inches Diemeter to any others, becaufe they give but a taint Reprefentation of the Pim- ples and Bloches upon their Faces. I remember that while I was at MiffilimaJ^nac, one of the Pedlerscaird Ceureurs de Bots^ brought a Con- vex Glafs that was pretty large, and confequent- iy reprefented the Face with fome Deformity. All the Savages that faw this Piece of Catop- tricks, thought it no lefs Miaculous than the a- waker of a Clock, or a Magical Lanthern, or the Spring of a Marchine. But what was moft Comical, there was among the reft of the Spe^a- tors a Huronefe Girl who told the Pedlar in a jo- cofe way, Tiiat if the Glafs hail the Vcrtut of Mug- '1 ■i man « J 4 the bacf ties Trac was replj their Year it br them ed yi are t they Th theS tremfc they follo\^ tell hi the\^ anfwc if his That's kill a any to the Th( do no Ibouc fees. [when [a larg€ turns. to North^Amcrica. \7 Uxtx. Art jU taargu- h that ykw termine the took me to hat I could id fill it bet- ny Compu- , or therea- , and made lil'd but one ^aded them, re fuck'd up loft pleafant > teach them [fe of it up- :o tell them tand it, tho' ;onvince any ne fo much was forc'd to ^ to Perfehl t^ ti I -I 1 8 Sme New Voyages their Company at that time. The Women Slaves 4re etnployed to Sow and Reap the Indian-Corn ; and the Men Slaves have for their Bufmefs the Hunting and Shooting where there is any Fa- tigue, tho' their Matters will very often help them. They have three forts of Games. Their Game of Counters is purely Numerical, and he chat can Add, Subllrad;, Multiply and Divide beft by thefe Counters is the Winner. This de* pends purely upon the Mind. Another Game which is Hazard and Chance, is performed with eight little Stones, which are Black on one (ide and White on the othen They're put on a Plate which they lay on the Ground, throwing the little Stones up in the Air,and if they fall fo as to turn up the Black fide 'tis good luH The odd number wins, and eight Whites <^Blacks wins dquble, but that happens but feldom. They have a third Play with a Ball not unlike our Tennis, but the Balls are very large, and the Rackets refemble ours, fave that the Handle is at leaft three Foot long. The Savages, who commonly play at it-in large Companies of three or four Hundred at a time, fix two Sticks at five or fix Hundred Paces diftance from each other ,• They divide into two equal Parties, and tofs up the Ball about half way between the two Sticks. Each Party endeavour to tofs the Ball to their (ide ; fome run to the Ball, and the reft keep at a little diftance on both fides to aflift on all Quarters. In fine this Game is fo violert that they tear their Skins, and break their Legs very often in ftriving to raife the Ball. All thele Games are made only for Feafts or other trifling Entertainments ; for 'tis te be obferv'd, that as they hate Money, fo they never put it in the the Ballance, and one may fay, InUrefi u nevtr the oecafiett of I^ebates among them* ^ - -'•>:.• ^ - .-.-v .: 'TIj «^'" to Korth'Artictka^ J9 'Tis not to bedenied but the Savages are a verf fetifible People^ and are perfedly well acquaint ed with the Intereft of their Nations. They ace great Moralifts, efpecially when they Criticife oh the Manners of the Europeans, and are mightily upon their Guard in our Company^ unlefs it be with fuch as they are intimately acquainted with. In other Matters they are Incredulous and Obftinate to the laft degree^ and are not I able to diitinguifh between a Chimerical Suppo- (ition and an undoubted Truths or between a [fair and a falfe Confequence^ as you'l fee in the jinfuing Chapter^ which treats of their Belief^ and in which I affure you youl meet with very odd Notions. ^he Belief of the Savages, and the Olflaclei of their Converfion, AL L the Savages are convinced that there muft be a God^ becaufe they fee nothing imong Material Beings thatfubfifts neceilarily md by its own Nature. Theyfprove theJEx- iftence of a Deity by the Frame of the tJni- rerfe^ which naturally leads us to a higher and Omnipotent Being, from whence it follows, fay they, that Man was not made by chance^ and that he's the Work of a Being fuperior in Wif- lom and Knowledge, which they call the Great Sfirit, or the Mafier of Life, and which they \dore in the moft abftraded and fpiritual man- ler. They deliver their Thoughts of him thus, rithout any fatisfadory Definition. The Ex- knceof God being infe parable from his Ef- fence, it contains every thing, it appears in eve- ry thing, afts in every thing, and gives motion B b 2 to J! i; •►' ,1 ■ iil» : "'1,.! Ill .": i' ^11 ill . i . :* 10 Some NV»> f^oji^^ei to every thing. In fine, all that you fee, aU that you can conceive, is this Divinity which fubfifti without Bounds or Limits, and without Body ; and oueht not to be reprefented under the Fi* gure oF an old Man, nor of any other thing, let it be never fo fine or extenfive. For tMs Reafon they Adore him in every thing they fee. When they fee any thing that's fine or curious, efpecially when they loqk upon the Sun or Stars, they cry out, O Great Spirit^v/e difcern thee in every thing. And in like manner when they refled; upon the meaneft Trifles they acknowledge a Creator under the Name of the Great Spirit or Aiafter cf Life. I forgot to tell you that the Savages liften to all the Jefuits Preach to them without the leaft Contradiil^ion. They content themfelves to rail among one another at the Sermons the Fathers make at Church, and if a Savage talks freely to a French-man he muft be fully allur'd of his Dif- cretion and Friendfhip. I have been frequently much puzzled to anfwer their impertinent Ob- jedions, ( for they can make no others in rela- tion to Religion ) but I flill brought my felf off by entreating them to give Ear to the Jefuits. To prefent you with a view of their Opinion relating to the Immortality of the Soul: They all believe it ; but not upon the plea that 'tis one fimple fubftance, and that the Deitrudion of any Natural Being is accomplifli'd by the fepara- tion of its Parts ,• they're Strangers to that Ar- gument. All they urge,is, that if the Soul were Mortal, all Men would be equally Happy in this Life j for God being all Perfedion and Wifdom, 'twould be inconfiltent with his Nature to create fome to be Happy and others to be Miferable. So they prove the Immortality of the Soul by the Harafhips of Life to which mofl Men are expo&'d to Korth' Kmtnci. 21 lexpos'd, cfpccially the beft of People, when they ire Kill'd, Tortur'd, made Priloners, &c^ ^or they pretend, that by a Gonducft fotne- 'hat ftrange to our Apprehenfion, the Almighty )rders a certain number of Creatures to iuffer )n this World, that they may be fav*d In the extj and upon that fcore they cannot en- lure to hear the Chrifiians fay, Sjuch a one has lad the misfortune to be Kill'd, Wounded or lade a Slave ,* and look upon what we call a lisfortune to be only fuch in Fancy and Idea, Ince nothing comes to pafs but by the Decrees " that infinitely perfed Being, whofe Condud ^annot be Fantaftical oc Capricious, as they fali^ pretend we Chriftians think it to be. On le contrary they think thofe Perfons have vexy >d Fortune who are Kill'd, Burnt or taken [rifoners. 'Tis the great happinefs of theie Poor^ flind People, that they will not fuffer them- ifelves to be inftrudted : For their Opinions re not in all refpecfts contrary to theLight of the rofpel.They believe that God for Reaions above [ur reach makes ufe oi the Sufferings of good ;ople to difplay his Juftice ; and in this Point fc cannot oppole them, for 'tis one of the Prin- iples of our own Religion : But when they lledge that we look upon theDivinity as a whim- i1 ^ntaflick Being, are they not under the reateft mifVake ? Th>? firil and fupreme caufe luft be fuppos'd to make the wifeft choice of leans conducing to an end. If then 'tis true, 'tis a Point of our Belief, that God does per- mit the Sufferings of the Innocent, 'tis oui part Adore hisWifdom,and not be fo arrogant as to lenfure it. One of the Savages that argued the [oint with me, alledg'd that we reprefented the >ivinity like a Man that had but a little Arm of le Sea to crofs, and rather chofe to take a Bb 3 turn -l^fn i'' a I ■ ""li m .' . i- ■ .'' ' ■' i r %% Sme New Voyages lmut if you ask them in particular why they A- pre Qpd in the Sun, rather than in a Tree or a Mountain ; theirAnfwer is. That they choofe to a4mire the Deity in publick by pointing to the mod glorious thing that Nature affords. ; . * , The Jefuits ufe their utmoil Efforts to ma^e them fenfible of the Importance of Salvation. They explain to them the Holy Scriptures, and fet forth the manner by which the Law cfj Cbrift Jejm took place in the World, and the! phange that it wrought. They lay before thefli^ the Prophecies, Revelations and Miracles, by vfhich our Religion is inforc'd. But the. poor Wretches are fuch obilinate Infidels, that all the CharaAers of Truth, Sincerity and Divinity! that fliine throughout the Scriptures, have no? impreflion upon them. The greateft length that the good Fathers can bring them to. h *o acqui'|| cfce after a Savage manner, contraiy to whatF they think. For Inftance, when the Jefuits ^^ Preach up the Incarnation of Jef»s C^n/?, they'l| flnfwer, Thais Wmderful : When the Quejlion isT to North'Attimci. M ^ put CO them^ whether they'l turn Chriftiahs^the]^ reply, that tbeyl confider of it. If the fecuUt Bi&opeans follicit them to come toChurch to hear ^ the Word of God, they reply, T«r reafonahU f *the meaning of which is, that they'l come ; biit at the bottom th^y have no other defign in ap- proaching to the place of Worfhip, than to fnacch away a Pipe of Tobacco, or to Ridicule the good Fathers, as 1 intimated above : For they have fuch happy Memories, that I knew ten of my own Acquaintance that had all the Holy Scriptuies by Heart. Twill be worth your while to hear the thoughts of Rcafon that come from thofe Peo- ple who pah. for Beafts among us. They main- uin. That a Man ought never to ftrip himfelf of the Privileges of Re.:fon, that being the nobleit Faculty with w> *c!i God hath enrich'd him • and That foraln uch as the Religion of the Chriftians is not put to ciie teft of their Reafon^ It cannot be but th J God ridicul'd them in en- joy ning them to c>. jiiult their Reafon in order dihinguiih Good from Evil. Upon this fcore they affirm that Reafon ought not to be controul'd by any Law, or put under a neceflity of ap- proving what it doth not comprehend ; and in fine, that what we call an Article of Faith is ah intoxicating Potion to make Reafon reel and ftagger out of its way ; forfomuch as the preten- ded Faith may fupport Lies as well as the Truth, if we underfland by it a readinefs to believe Without diving to the bottom of things. They pretend that if they had a mind to talk in the Language of the Chriftians, they might with equal right rejed the Arguments propos'd by the Chriflians againft their Opinions, and plead that their Opinions are Incomprehenfible Myfteries, and that we mud not pretend to fathom the Se- B b 4 crets I: I '■■:.« (• 1 » f. ,H1 !^Vi K^'.' lir *4 Some Kew Voyagts plac'd fp far r*N ]^^' crec$ of the Almigkcy^ which a a)>ove our weak reach. 'Tis in vain to remonftrate to them^ That Re^fon gives only a faint and dazzling Light which leades thofe to a Precipice that truft to its Direi^on and Condud: That 'tis a flave to Faith and ought to obey it blindly without difputing, juft as an Iroqueje Captive does his Mailer, 'Tis needlefs to reprefentto them, that the Holy Scriptures can contain nothing that's diredly re- pugnant to right Reafon. They make a jeft of all fucn Remonftrances, for they imagine fo great a Cotitradi^on between the Scripture and Reafon, that they think it impoffible for the Advocates of the former to avoid the receiving of very dubious Opinions for certain and evident Truths. Their Prejudice proceeds from this^ that they can't bei convinc'di that the Infallibility of the Scripture is to be made out by the Light of Realbn. The Word Faith is enough to choakthem ; they make a Jeft of it, and alledge that the Writings of pafi Ages are falfe, fuppofititious and alter'd, upon the Plea that the Hiftories of our own times are juft- iy liable to the fame Genfure. TWi plead, Tiiat a Man muft be a Fool who believes that an Omnipotent Being, continued from all Eter- nity^ in a ftate of Inadivity, and did not thinl: ,pf ^ving being to Creatures till within thefe five or fix Thoufand Years ,* or that at that time God Created jidam on purpofe to have him tempted by an evil Spirit to eat of an Apple, and that he occafign'd all the Mifery of his Pofteiity by the prerdided tranfmiffion of his Sin. They ridi- cule the Dialogue between Eve and the Serpent, *", •ulledging that we affront God in fuppofirg that The wrought the Miracle of giving this Animal ^^the ufc of Speech, with intent to dcftrciy all the ^tBttinane Race. • ^ ^^..- :^.^^^,,-:^:iM^ >lac' Some Nem Voyages Myfteries, that we only coTer'd their Thought^ with Obfctirity and Darknefs Such^ Sir^ is the Obftinacy and prepoflefBon of this People. I flatter my felf that this fhoit view of their Notions may divert you wi^out Offence. I know that you are too well confirmed and rivetted in our moft Holy Faith, to receive any dangerous Impre/Son from their impious Advances. I aifure my felf that you will joyn with me in bemoaning the deplorable ftate of theie ignorant Wretches. Let us jointly admire the depth of the Divine Providence, which per- mits thofe Nations to entertain fuch an Aveifion CO our Divine Truths j and in the mean time let us make the beft uCe of the undeferv'd Advan- tage we have over them. Give me leave to ac- quaint you with the Reflexions that thefe fame Savages make upon our Condud when they confine themfelves to the Subjed of Mora- lity. The Chrifkians, fay they, contemn the Frecefts iftbtSenof Gcd, they make a Jefi if Jus Trohibiti- imsy snd doubt of the Sincerity of his Exfrefjims ; for they ctitnteraB his Orders without intermiffion^ and ni him of the IVorpnf which he claims at hu due^ fy faying it to Silver , to Beavers, and to their own itterefi. They murmur againjt Heaven and him when things go crofs with them ; they go about their ufual Bmfaiefs on fuchDays asarefet atartforWorki of "Piety and Devotion, and fpend both that and the other parts ef their time in Gaming, Drinking tc excefs. Fighting and Scolding. Infiead of Comforting their Parents they leaVe them for a Sacrifice to Hunger and Mifery, and nut only deride their Counfel, but wijh impatiently for their Death Jn the Night time,aU ef them, barring the Jefults, roB from Houfe to Hoafe to debauch the Wo- men Savcges. They Murther me another every Day upon the Plea of Theft or Afiroms, or upon the fe'ore ef Women j they Pillage an^j Rob one another without "rjfr^v'- 411; irThoiight" ;>repoilei8on at this (hoft you without b1! confirtn'd (i, to receive leir im])iou$ u will joyn able ftate of lintly admire , which per- an Aveifion nean time let Tv'd Advan- Icave to ac- tt thefe fame when they i of Mora- m the Treceffs ' hu Trohihiti' xprtjpons ; fir \erffiiffim, and ms at his due^ \ to their own and him when ut their nfusl Vorh of Viety the other parts '-ceff. Fighting Ir Parents they ' Mifery, and mjMtiently fir Hj barring the hauch the Wo- her every Day fon the fe'ore nother without any t* i.'^ •V ^f . 4 ^■ ^ ' « • 3 , ;• 'W iW *^ h_^ i 'ilfi »i"!:I I ' 111: ml ■M , m ! I't, ,i! •k «v ■>, V. to North-Ameiki. *9 gny regard to the tyes of Blood or FrienJfnpy as oftm as thtj meet with an offortunitj/ of doing it with im- f unity, Tbty hfpattcr and defame one another with outragiom Calumnies ; and make no firutle to lye when they find 'twill ferve their Interefi, They are not fa- tiified with the Company of ftngle Women , but de- bauch other Mens Wvues ^ and thefe Adulterous Wo- men bring forth in the abfcmce of their Husbands a ffurious Off-ffring, that are at a lofs to know their Fathers, In fine, ( continue they ) though the Chrifiians are fo docile as to believe the Humanity of Qody which ts the mofi unreafonable Article that can be • yet they feem to doubt of hss Precepts, and in" cejfantly tranfgrefs them, notwithftanding they are very pure and reafonable, I (hould never come to an cnd^ if I enter'd into the Particulars of their Sa^* vage way of Reafoning ; and for that reafon 'twill be more proper to cake leave of this Sub- jed, and pafs directly to the manner of Worship which they offer to their great Spirit or God, caird Kitchi Manitou, A view of that will be more agreeable than the tedious Series of this fort of Philofophy, which at^the bottom is but too true, and anbrds matter of Grief to all good Souls that are perfwadcd of the Truth of Chri- (tianity. . . , , . . Sht J:ttni^ the way of Worfhip^ ufed iy the Savages, BEfore we launch out into the particulars of their Worfhip, 'twill be proper to remark that the Savages give the name of Genius or Spirit to all that furpaffes their Underftanding, and proceeds from a caufe that they cannot trace. Some of thefe Spirits they take to be Good, and fomc Bad ^ of the former fort are the Spirit cf Dreams, ■^:'S l;i:^: lit" JO Some Hew P^oyaget DrearD5j the Michibkhi mentioned in my Uft of Aninuls^ a Solar ^adrant^ an Alarm Watcb^ and an infinity of other things that ieem to them to be inconceivable. Of the latter fort are Thunder^ Hail falling upon their Corn , a great Storm , and in a word every thing that tends to their Prejudice, and proceeds from a eaufe that they are ignorant o£ If a t'ufee burft either through the fault of the Metal^ or by being over Loaded, and Maims a, Man, they'll tell you there was an Evil Spirit lodg'd within it. If by chance the Branch of a Tree put but a Mans Eye, the efFed is owing to an Evil Spirit ; If a fudden gud of Wind furprifes 'em in a Canow about the middle of their Pafiage acrofs the Lakes, 'tis an Evil Spirit that diflurbs the Air; if the dregs of any Violent Diftemper robs a Man of his Reafon, 'tis an Evil Spirit that Torments him. Thefe Evil Spirits they call Matchi Manitousy and Gold and Siher they lift into that number. However, 'tis to be obferv'd that they talk of thefe Spirits in a Bantering way, or much after the fame manner that our fhrewd Etf ropeans rally upon Maiicians and Sorcerers. Here I cannot forbear to repeat once more that the Hiftorical Accounts of Canada^ are as fcarce asthe Geographical Maps of that Country ; for I never met with a true one but once,and that in the hands of ac^»f^«cGentleman,theImprenioh of which was afterwards Prohibited at VartSy but for what reafon I know not. I mention this with regard to their opinion of the Devil' for it is alledg'd that the Savages are acquainted with the DevH. I have read a thoufand Ridiculous Stories Writ by pur Clergymen, who maintain that the Savages have conferences with him, and not only confuk him, but pay him a fort of Homage. Now alt thefe advances are ridiculous; for in earneft, the DruU never appear 'd to thefe Ame- ricans. i !i!;-t to North-Amerkz. 3» Iricans, I a«k*d an infinity of Savages whether the [Devil was ever feen among 'em in the fliape of a 4an or any other Animal ,• J likewife confulted ipon this head the ingenioufelt of their Mounte- )anks or Jugglers, who are a very Comical fort )f Fellows ( as you Ihall hear anon ; ) and it aay be reafonably prefum'd that if ever the Devil ippear'd to 'em, they had been fure to luve told pne of it. In fine, after ufmg all polfible means for a perfed: knowledg of this matter; I conclu> led that thefe Ecclefiafticks did not underftand the true importance of that great word Maubi ManiPou, ( which fignifies an Evil Sprit , Matebi )eing the word for Evil and Manitou for Spirit ; ) ^r by the Devil they underftand fuch. things as ire ofFenfive to 'em, which in our Language :omes near to the fignification of Misfortune^ Fate, Unfavourable Deftiny, &c. So that in [peaking of the Devil they do not mean that Evil >pirit that in Europe is reprefented under the fi- gure of a Man, with a long Tail and great Horns ind Claws. The Savages never Offer Sacrifices of Living Creatures to the Kitchi Manitou ; for their co^i-> ion Sacrifices upon that occafion ;:re the Goods that they take from the French in exchange for Beavers, Several perfons of good Credit have fnform'd me, that in one day they Burnt at Miffili- mkinac Fifty Thoufand Crowns worth of fuch loods. 1 never faw fo Expenfive a Ceremony, ly felf : But let that be as it will, the particular ;ircumftances of the Sacrifice are thefe. The Air luft be Clear and Serene, the Weather Fair and ialm ; and then every one brings his Offering ind iaies it upon the Wood Pile; When the Sun iounts higher the Children make a Ring round ^he Pile, with pieces of Bark Lighted, in order to fee it on Fire ; and the Warriours Dance and •■• ^■■■••"- '- Sing fi'v.:; ^i§ »!• '''■|i Ht .uM J 1 5ome New Voyuges Sing round 'em till the whole is Burnt ^d Con-^i fumecL while the Old Men make their Harangues j addrefs'd to the Kitchi Manhou , and prefentl him from time to time with Pipes of Tobaccoi Lighted at the Sun. Thefe Dances, Soilgs and Harangues laft till Sun fee, only they allow them-i^ felves fome intervals of Reft, in which they (A down and Smoak at their Eafe. f It remains only (before I make an end of thii! Chapter) to repeat the very Words of their Ha-I rangues pronounced by the Old Fellows, and o| the Songs fung by the Warriors : * Great Spirit! * Matter of our Live«; Great Spirit, Matter of al|1 'Things bothVifible and Invifible-,GreatSp5rit,Ma| * fter of other Spirits, whether good or Evil | ^ command the Good Spirits to favour thy Chil'l ' dren, theOutaouof, &c. Command the Evil Spi«i ^ rits to keep at a dittance from *em. O Great^| * Spirit, keep up the Strength and Courage oM * our Waf riors, that they may be able to ftem fhel ' fury of our Enemies : Prefervc the Old Perfonvi * whole Bodies are not quite wafted, that they- f ' may give Counfel to the Young. Preferve ow * Children, enlarge their Number, deliver *enil ' from Evil Spirits, to the end that in our oldAge ' they may prove our Support and Comfort ; pre- ; * ferve our Harveft and ourBeafts, if thou mean ft * that We fhould not die for Hunger : Take Cdi4 * of our Villages , and guard our Huntfmen in ; * their Hunting Adventures. Deliver us from aIF| ' Fatal Surprizes^ when thou ceafeft to vouchfafe ' us the Light ofthe Sun,which fpeaks thy Gran- ' deur and Power. Acquaint us by the Spirit ' of Dreams, with what thy Pleafure requires of ' us, or prohibits us to do. When it pleafcs thee ' to put a Period to our Lives,fend us to the great ' Countrey of Souls, where we may meet with * thofc of our Fathers, our Mothers, our Wives, to Korth'-Amcric^. 3 J ^* our Children, and our other Relarions. O Great Spirit, Great Spirit, hear the Voice of the Nati- on, give ear to all thy Children, and remembejc them at all times. . *; :. ' As for the Songs which the Warriors fmg tilt ,jn fet, they are to this purpofe : ^ Take heaft, 'the Great Spirit vouchfafes iuch a Glorious Suft^ Cheer up my Brethren : How great are his I Works ! How fine is the Day .' this Great Spirit [is all Goodnefs j 'tis he that fets all tlie Springs in motion ,* he. ruleth over all : He is pleas a to neat Eus ; Let us cheer up my Brethren, we (hall iub^ [due our Enemies : Oar Fields fhall bear Corn; [our Hunting ihall fucceed well ; we (hall all oi* us keep our Health ,* the Old Perfons (hall re- [ joice , the Children (hall increafe, and the Na-* ion (hall profpen But now the Great Spirit [eaves us, his Sun withdraws, he has feen the )utaouas,&c, 'Tis done, ay, 'tis done ,• the Great Spirit is fatisfied j my Brethren let us pluck up a jood heart. We muft remark , that the Women likewife iakeAddreiTesto him, and that commonly when ^e Sun rifes ^ upon which Occafion they pref^t id hold up their Children to that Luminary, ^hen the Sun isalmoftdown, theWarriors nn^itoh of the Village, to dance the Dance of the treat Spirit. But after all, there is no Day or [ime fix d for thefe Sacrifices, no more than for le Particular Dances* * V '' ' Cc A» i 'M „ • ■ hi \^i •'. 1, 'ii !:"! ilt'lil' I ; ; , -i..; ^^ifli f li'- \ i ■< . I i 'i ; ' 11, ' v''!! ■:>U, I., ■ I,. 34 5flwe Ne:» ^oj^^ex Am Account of the Amours and Marriages of tht Ravages. I Could recount a thoufand Curious Things re- lating CO the CourtHiip, and the way ofMar- rying among the Savages : but the Relation of |o nuany Particulars, would be too tedious j for V^lijch Heafonlihall only confine my felfto what is moft eirential to that SubjeA. It ipay be jqiily faid. That the Men are as cold and indifferent as the Girls are paffionate and warn|. The former Ipve nothing but War and I}u|iting^ and their utmoft Ambition reaches no farther. When they are at home^ and have no- thing tQ dpi th^y run wi(h the Match ; that is, '. they are Night-walkers. The Young Men do pot marry till they are Thirty Years of Age, for they pretend that the Enjoyment of Women does fo enervate 'em^that they have not the fame mea- fure of Strength to undergo great Fatigues, and that their Hams are too weak for long Marches^ qr quick Purfuits : In purluance of this ThpughtJ 'ds aUedged, That thofe who have married^ or ftroled in the Nights too often, are taken by the IroQuefe yhy reafon of thpWeaknefs of their Limbs, and the decay of their Vigour. But after all, we muft not imagine that they live chaise till that Age ; for they pretend that Exceflive Conti- nence occafions Vapours, Diforders of the Kid- neys, and a Suppreflion of Urine; fo that 'tis nc- ceUary for their Health to have a Run once i\ Week. . If the Savages were capable of being fubjededl to the Empire of Love, chey mult needs have an Extraordiiiary Command of chemfelves todifguife the ■'t .■ to "Horih-hmcxks.. 35 the Tuft Jealoufie they might have of their Mi- ftrenes^ and at the fame time to carry it fair with their Rivals. I know the Humour of the Savages better than a great many Fremh People that have liv'd among em all their Life-time ; for I ftudy'd their Cuftoms fo narrowly and exadly^ that all their ConduA of Life is as perfedly well known to me^ as if I had been among em all my Life- time; And 'tis thisExad Knowledge that prompts me to fay, That they are altogether Strangers to that Blind Fury which we call Love. They con- tent themfelves with a Tender Friendfhip, that is not liable to all the Extravagancies that the Paf- fion of Love raifes in fuch Breafts as harbour it .* In a wordj they live with fuch Tranquility^ that one may call their Love Simple Goodwill^ and their Difcretion upon that Head is unimaginable. Their Friend/hip is firm, but free of Tranfport i lor they are very careful in preierving the Liberty and Freedom of their Heart, which they look up- on as the moft valuable Treafure upoH Earth ; From whence I conclude that they are not alto- gether fo favage as we are. The Savages never quarrel among themfellresj neither do they reproach or affront one another j One man among them is as good as another, for all are upon the fame Level. They have noDifor- ders occafion'd by a Girl or a Wife, for the Wo- men are Wife, and fo are their Husbands: The Girls indeed are a little foolifh, and the Young Men play the fool with them not unfrequently : But then you mufl confider thata Toung Woman is allow'd to do what fhe pleafes ; let her Con- dud be what it will, neither Father nor Mother, I Brother nor Sifter can pretend to controul her. A Young Woman, fay they, is Mafler of her I own Body, and by her Natural Right of Liberty is free to do what fhe pleafes. But on the other Cc 2 hand ■^,. u ! iii ]S )• :'! 1 1 ^ !i ,;..l \r 't 3 (J Some NewFoyages hand the Married Women being allow'd the Pri- viledjge of quitting their Husbands when they pleale, had as good be dead as be guilty of Adul- tery. In like manner, the Husbands being enti- tuled to the fame Priviledge, would look upoa themfelves as infamous^ if they were faithleis to their Wives. Nothing of Intrigue orCourtfbip muft be men- tion'd to the Savage Ladies in the Day time, foi they will not hear it ; they'll tell you the Night- time is the moft proper feaibn for that ; infomuch that if a Youth fhould by chance accoaft a Girl{ in the Day-time,after this manner, I love tbetmm than the Light of the Sun (fuch is their Phrale) M en to what I fay, &c, (he would give him fome Afi fronts and withdraw. This is a general Rule^ that whoever defigns to win the AfFei^ion of Girl, muft fpeak to her in the Day-time, of thin^i that lie remote from the Intrigues of Love. On may converfe with them privately as long as h will, and talk of a thoufand Adventures that hap pen every minute^ upon which they make thei Replies very pleafantly ; for you cannot imagine what a Gay and Jovial Temper they are of ^ thej are very apt to laugh, and that with a very engag^ ing Air. 'Tis at thefe Private Interviews tha; theSavagesfmell out the Young WomensThought^ for though the SubjeA of their Difcourfe is of Indifferent Strain, yet they talk over nicer Sub- ie(5ts in the Language of their Eyes. After i Young Man has paid two or three Vifits tohisMi* ftrefs, and fancies that fhe has look'd upon hk with a favourable Eye, he takes the follow ing Courfe to know the Truth of the Mat 1 ter. ] You mud take notice, that fbrafmuch as theSa| vages are Strangers to Meum and Tuum, to Super! J ority and Subordination; and live in a State oi Equalityl .1 :. . "r 'It- ?s low'd the Pri- is when they ;uiltY of Adul-j ids Deingemi- »uld look upon* ere faichlels to: ■ 3 muft be men- Day time, for you the Night- that j infomucli i accoaft a Girli , / love thee morA eirPhrale) m e him fome Af| I general Rule^ ; AfFe: *t- ■'it.\ .*«•'• i ^■'^m' ■,^^ .1* ff ■ if: if. IV -'-I. Xi'.\t', I.'! m /o/ o/ i AJafctae aooroaihinq tvifA a torch to Au niiftri^tej 6ec/,/fAo rr/ecfitia hif offers cover: fter/ace /vttA iAeiofet/et . ^4javage larrutita a torch to u orc/iufc ot liu ntulrU). rvho x/ieivj /urcoiveiu lo aclntit AtntSuS&winaout t/ie iinAt I J. It cujc sittii ijf onthefootof Uis n?ist> '^cs ( fffit aitc/coitueistng nttnncr AnCu/'i'^iit leuitr't i5 neif nta'i'ru'd't't aiti-//ieriv/uttoiu uttnc LtvaroflAehtttt ■ '-• • •*.* to North-Amerkz. 37 Equality purfuant to the Principles of Nature ; they are underno apprehenfion of Robbers or Se- cret Enemies, fo that their Huts are open Night and Day. You muft know farther, that Two Hours after Sun-fet, the Old Superannuated Per- fons, or the Slaves (who never lie in their Ma- kers Huts) take care to cover up the Fire before they go. 'Tis then that the Young Savage conies well wrapt up to hisMiftrefs's Hut, and lights a (ort ot a Match at the Fire ; after which he opens the Door of his MiftrefTes Apartment, and makes up to her Bed : If fhe blows out the Lights he lies down by her ; but if (he pulls her Cover- ing over her Face, he retires ; that being a Sign that flic will not receive him. TheYoungWomen drink the Juice of certain Roots, which prevents their Conception, or kills the Fruit of the Womb; I for if a Girl proves with Child, fhe'll never get a Husband. They'll fufFer any body to fit upon the foot of their Bed, only to have a little Chat j and if another comes an hour after, that they like^ they do not ftand to grant him their laft Favours^ I As to this Cuftom, which indeed is (insular, the |moft fenfible Savages gave this Reafon for it,That rhey will not depend upon their Lovers, but re- love all ground of Sulpicion both from the one md the other, that fo they may aA as they )leafe. The Savage Women like the Fren. h better than ^heir own Countreymen, by reafon that the for- lerare more prodigal of their Vigour, and mind Woman's Bufinefs more clofely. In the mean [ime the Jefuits ufe all Efforts to prevent their seeping Company with the French : They have Superannuated Fellows placed in all the Huts, 'ho, like Faithful Spies, give an Account of all [hat they fee or hear. The Fnnch who have the lisfortune to be difcover'd, are publickly nam'd C c g in '' fll^KU. ^ i \ 1 '' ^R Stmt' Krw / nvrrutpit, i^mti^Uinilfvi to\\w (lilho)> MliltlM is )Vjii\(^tvU'(M^ o( (holdwi Hut AU«r AlhhvAiv nuiiv lnni|;[uo« ^iiv \\it(W on in (tu'Vi)lA|i(>iia)\A( itwy know uotlnn^ ol. ilic JoltiUn ncvot olltr WilU i»i«N j Um ii (lu'Y odvvii ut vanillic {\mt (\>\\k\\\%\^m\%\ wk cm with dvc {aww liSciiy 4b thc^ «Jlo iho fW«»>^, chyv \v»uil«i tcU au i\>un»Uv, *^AJ (lu'v 1^ (oMv \\\c I {tduMn Imvo it n\Mu) to (Kcir MU l<\x*H«>*. I hi* \V4x flw' Aniwci tlu( M Voiuv^ i/b. ♦vMt i|>\\ko i»Um»i »mumUv in ct\ol lunvh» when 4 loluu ^uUu'lKni^ l\>\Ac vAnno( coiKcivt* ttut iho Um^^ 4%f, >k\u\ vAtuc ilwmlv^ivoji ujHMUhcir Scute AuJ Knv>« \«\l}i<>,iho\vU\ 1*0 i*^ Minit .in*! (0 {^wkwmm ai n\^ to Mkw th4iMA\\i;ijkio u\ tho»<» w«»v iKAtouit^t o( l>ouWoAnvl l?ni\nnui>. 'Vo Ik injiAtM tor 4\n<»\ \ \ii? itnK\ tv> thcin i* nu(tcr cl WiHi^lcr 4n\i Svn|Mi(v\ C\\c\ Un^k vtjnvn it 4* 4 nuM>f^rom{ «hi«\ji to Iv tiv\< onr t\> Aiu>thoi witt\out M\y \\\^\^c% \\t Inun^i 4KI0 to untie 01 Wak il\o Kn\^tJ In Ji\i.% in tvvitc ot 4U the Rc4Umu ai\\\ Argu« wcn<> llwt u\Ai Subi liown (^fc^ Km 4 tiim An»^ unmovcaMo IVuih, tlut ut f.'tVjf A*«.* Alt Unn in SUta>»4n*ivlcknc no oth« v.A'^n^Uu.M^ t!un (tut ot Scniauic. In v'uv i\>\u>tv\\ rticii lUtr ol NbiiUi^c vvou\«(| W iaft)y UH^K\l u^\vi\ ji* 4 Oiauiut way (il C^>if^r<\^MhM^, A \»va^:<* ^ fo\ Inthncc ) thjK lu> f^surwM Ki;v4cit (cvcui iu>jc> \Vs the ricU AJVk! 4C^ui»U tho Ks j>iit>a) the «K4m ot a Cotv- (^^si^v ruhfi 4 I cji(o or I t'iitN \canjs wich the ts^vysr* iV lK^-^nK \ii U\> old Ace 4 Famih dctv"i«v f » 'C la N«»f''-AmriiiM. 19 V V i\$A of himfdr, th4i fl)4U )mw(tlo (or Itiin. ThU ||(*ii) trtlut |>m potc. Upon I'uch IVcaHonn the ( .oni- ivtny ii very luimeioui, an*! the TaMciscovcrM with all !nani\er ol Daintiei in a very nrtulii^tal manner ; atul thofb who adlll at the ixUival, tUfSCc aiul Sin^^» and peih»rm the other Divcrlt- Um\% of the (.oui\tiy. Alter the reading and Meity-makni}^ ist over, all the Uclationiiot the Bride^;r\H>ni iciiie, exwopcioj; lour of the oMcfl", Alitir which the \\\\\\c, accompany 'li with lour ol" her ancienteO I'cnulo Rc1atiot\s, appears at one I of the DiH>rs i\{ tl;o Hut, aiul in recciv'il by tho moft decrepit Man ol' the Riidecrooni'N C onipa- Iny, who ctMuiui^h her to the Hrliicgmoni at a certain place, where f*'C two Parties (land iip- ri»;ht upon a ln\c ^ holdini; a Rod hctwccn thnn, while the oUt Men proi\ounce iotno ihort HaiaiH;ucs. In this Pofturc do the twoinanied IVrtoi^s Uaranj:ue one alter another, and IXuico tx>4^ther. liitpnj; all the while, and holding; the [KiHi intl\eir Hands, wl\ich they altcrwaids Nreak »m> A% many pieces as theixs arc Witnetics vi the Vrcmony, in oi\ier ti> be dillributcd laiorg \cm This done, the lUide is rccondiu^Kvl out >\ the Hut, where the young Wonu^^ lUy Kn* ler to acct>m^\uiy her to her Father's \i\>icmcnt, md the Uridcc»x>om or married M.ni i> obliiVd tv> ;:o there to liiul her wlicn lie has a mind to her ("omjwny, till tiich tin\e a> etcer half. Though they are at their liberty to change,yei there are feveral Savages that live all their Lili time with one Woman. 1 gave you to know above, that during the whole courfe of thcii married State they maintain an inviolable Fidelil ty to one another: But, which is yet more E| mfyir.g. as foon as the Woman is declar'd to k with Child, both Ihc and her Bedfellow abftaiit from Enjoyment, and oblcrvc an cxad courfe olfj Continence from thence to the thirtieth Da;\^ after her Childbirth. When a Woman is rwd) to lye in, ftic withdraws to a certain Hut allotted for that ufe, being attended by her ibe Slaves who ierve and aflift her as tar as they can. Ii!| ;;. { ta Nort/>Amcrica. 4* fine, tbe Female Spx in this Country deliver ^hcmfelvcs without the aflifVance of Midwjvcs ; [or they bring forth their Children with a facili- ty chat the Enropean Women can fcarce have any potion of, and they never lye in above two or three Pays. They obferve a fort of Purificati« pn for thirty Days if the Child be a Boy, and for forty if it be a Girle, and till that time b expir'd they do not return to their Husband's Apartment. As foon as their Children come into the World they dip them in warm Water up to the Chin, after wi|^ch they fwathe them down upon jittle Boards or Planks ftuffed with Cotcon.where they lye upon their Backs, as I infmuated under the Head of the Hahit, HoufeSy &c* of the: Sava^ \gtt. They never make ufeof Nurfes unlefs it be when the Mothers are out of order, and they never wean their Children, but fuckle them k> long as they have Milk, with which indeed they are veiy plentifully provided. The Women have no opportunity of Marriage after the Fiftieth Year ot their Age ; for the Men of the like Age alledge, that fince they cannot then bear Children, 'twould be a piece of Folly to meddle with them ; arid the young Sparks affirm, that their wicher'd Beauty has i not force enough to Charm them,at a time when [there is no fcarcity of Buxfome young Gi.'^cs. I In this Diftrefs, when the young Men will i^ot ufe them as MiftrelTes, and Men of riper Years refufe them for Wives, if their Complexion be any thin^ Amorous, they are forc'd to adopt Ifome Priloner of War that is prefented them, in jorder to anfwer their prefling Neceflitics. When the Husband or Wife comes to ^yc^ the Widowhood does not laft above fix Months ,• [and if in tlut fpace of time the Widow or Wi- dower ■,;.:■.: I a, • M, V ::. * 42 Some Nipio ^(fyag^i dower dreams of their deceased ftedfetlo^^ they Poyfon chemfelres in Cdld Bl6od with all ch^ Contentment imaginable ; and at the fame time fing a fort of tune that one may (afely fay prC- ceeds from the Heart. But if the furviving Par- ty dreams bur Once of the Deceafed, they fay, that the Spirit of Dreams was not fure that the deadPferfon was nneafie in the Country of Souh, forafmach as he only pafs'd by without return- ing^ and for chat reafon they chink they ate hot oblic'd to go keep him Company. Thefe Savages are uncapable of?e;^loufy^ that is a Paffion they know nothing %(. They jeer the Europeans upon that head ; and brand aj diftruft ofhis Wife, for a piece of riianifeft | mans Folly ; as if^ fay they,we were not certain that 'rii! impomble for fo weak an Animal to be true to i its promifes. To purfue their fallacious way of I arguing , they alledge that fufpicion is only a doubc^ and that to doubt of what one fees is an argument of Blindnels and FoHy ; and in fine, ! that 'cis impo(Iible,but that the conftvainc andper- pecuicy that attends our Marriages, orche bait of| (Gold and Silver, fliould oblige a Woman when Cloy'd with one and the fame Husband, to whei herAppetice in theEmbracesof anocher Man. I am j fully convinced chac a Savage would chufe rather ! to iufFer Mutilation than to Embrace his Neigh- bours Wife. Nor is the Chaftity of the Ibe Sava- ges lefs nice, for I do not believe that in the fp^ce of F >y Years there has been one Inftance among *em ot the Invafion of another Man's Bed. 'Tis true the French, being uncapable to diftinguift between the Married and Unmarried Women, fonictimes make their Addrefs to the former, when they find them alone in the Woods, oc when they walk out into the Fields ,• but upon fuch occnfions they always receive this Anfwer ,• 7kt to Korth'AmcticsL. 4f BmJ which if b^t mine Eyes hinders me to fie thee* The SAvages go always by the Mothers Name, b make this plain by an example : the Leader f the Nation o^Hurons, who is called Saftaretfi ^ eing Married to a Daughter of another HMrm amily, by whom he has (everal Children^ that ienerars Name is extin<5^ at his Deaths for that is Children aifume the Name of the Mother, ow, itmay be ask'd how the Name of Safiareffi as been kept up for the fpace of Seven or ight Hundred Years among that People^ and is kely to continue to future Ages ? But the Que- ion is eafily Anfwered^ if we confider^ that the ifter of this Safiaretfi being Married to another ,vage whom wc (hall call Adario, the Children prini';i: from that Marriage^ will be called Sa^ aretfi ; le Mother, and not Mario after this ather. \Vhen I asked them the Reafon of the uftom. they replyed, that the Children having eceived their Soul from their Father, and their ody from their Mother, 'twas but reafonable at the Maternial Name mould be Perpetuated. reprcfented to them I do not know how often, hat God alone was the only Creator of Souls, nd that it was more reafonable to derive the riginal of that Cuitom from the certainty that hey had of the Mother beyond that of the ather,' but they poffitively affirmed that this eafon was abfurd, without offering any proof. When a Woman has loft a Husband that leaves rpthers who are Batchelours, one of thci'e Mar- ies the Widow Six Months after his Death. The me is the Cafe with the Sifters of a Wife ; for hen a Married Woman Dies^commonly cnc of he Sifters fupplies her place. But you nuill: rake otice that this Cuftom is only obferved by the avages that pretend to be Wifer tlian their Neigl:.- mm '. ■' (.i^,.■. Si! .Lii^r I I ;i.^i' :!■''*,.,; '■'■'1}:;:! 44 Some New Voyatges Keighbours. Some Savages continue Batdielours to their Dying d^y, and never appear either, at Hunting or in Warlike Expeditions^ as being either Lanatick or Sickly : But at the fame time they are as much efi^eem'd as the Braveft and Haileft Men in the Country, or at leaft if they rally upon 'em, *tis never done where they are prefent. Among the Vimt[t there are feveral Hermaphrodites, who go in a Womans Habit, but frequent the Com^ pany of both Sexes. Thefe lUtMle are flrangely given to Sodomy, as well as the other Savages | that live near the River Miffifipi, .r i x: This, Sir, is all that I could learn of the way of Marriage and the Amours of the Americatu-i J who are fo far from giving a full loofe to their I Veneiial Appetite, that they always ad: wiiha command over themfe!ves, oeing very moderate in their Adventures with Women, whom they make ufe of only for the Propagation of th^l Families and the Prefcrvation of their Healtn, Their Condud upon this Head may fervc for a juft Reprimand to the Europeans. M- ^ » ,'^ I obferv'd before, that if once a Girle proves | with Child,nie never gets a Husband; but I ought to have added that fome young Women will not I hear of a Husband, through a principle of De- bauchery. That fort of Women are call'd Ickoue | ve Kioujfay i. e. Hunting Women : for they ifcom- raonly accompany the Huntfmen in their Diver- fions. To juftify their Conduft, they alledge that they find themfelves to be of too indifferent a temper to brook the Conjugal yoak, to be too carelels for the bringing up of Children, and too impatient to bear the pafling of the whole Win- ter in the Villagej. Thus it is, that they cover and difguife their Lewdnefs. Their Parents or Relations dare not ccnfure their Vicious Condud j| on the contrary they feem to approve of it, in declaring to Nort^Amerlca. 45 declaring, as I faid before, chat their Daughten have the command of their own Bodies and may difpofe of their Perfons as they think fit ; they being at their liberty to do what they pleafe. In ibort, the Children of thefe Common Women are accounted a Lawful liTue, and intitled to all the Privileges of other Children ; abateing for one thing, namely, that the noted Warriours or Counfellours will not accept of 'em for theirSons in Law, and that they cannot enter into Alliance with certain Ancient Families ,* though at the fame time thefe Families are not pofreiTed of any peculiar Right or Preheminence. The Jefiilts do their utmoft to prevent the Lewd Pra<$^icesof j thefe Whores, by Preaching to their Parents that their Indulgence is very disagreeable to the Great Spirit, that they mud anfwer before God for not confineing their Children to the meafures of Continency and Chaftity, and that a Fire is Kindled in the other World to Torment 'em forever, unlefs they take more care to corre^ I Vice. To fuch Remonftrances the Men reply, Thais \ Admirable; and the Women ufually tell the Good Fathers in a deriding way. That if their Threats he \weU groundedy the Mountains cj the other W^ld m^f Xeimf^ of the Afnes (fSotds, - .,, , : * : ; \A View of the Difeafes and Remedies cf the . . Savages. THE Savages are a robuft and vigpi^us fort of People, of a Sanguine Temperament, land an admirable Complexion. They are un- jacquainted with a great many Difeafes chat affli^ the V. '■ J .ii '. ill ,.ti;:,*V:|fc 2 I . -*. ■ lii 4 (J Some Kew Foy^e^ the Eurof earns, fuch as the Gout, Gravd, thoij^^ , &c. Their Health is firm^ notwithftandtng that j they ufe no precaution to preferve it j for on the | contrary one would think that they weaken them* felves by the Violent Exercifes ofDancing, Hun- 1 ting, and Warlike-Expeditions , in which they have frequent returns of Heats and Colds in onej day, which in £»r(7p« would occafion a Mortal Di- fiemper. Sometimes indeed they are feiz*d with! Plurlfies, but thefeare as unfrequent as they arc mortal,' for this is the onlyDiftemper that all their] Remedies cannot conquer. TheSmaS-Pox are asj common in the North tf Canaday as the GrM^Pw] are to the Southward : in the Winter time the5iw little, thai when Uk upon 'em, they walk about from Hut to Hut, they are able ,• or if they have not ftrength to Walk, are carried about by their Slaves. In thij lllinefc Country, and near the Miffipfi, theVenerett Difiemper is very common. I remember, that in the Interview I had with the Akanfas upon thj great River, at the Mouth of the Mffmris (a&\ laid in my Sixteenth Letter)! faw a Savage, whd uncovering himfelf, {hew'd me part of his Bodyl that was ready to fall off, through Rottennefsj al that time he was bufy'd in boiling Roots, and afJ terl had ask'd him the ufe of 'em, he gave me toj iinderftand by his Interpreter, that hehop'd tob^ ciir'd in a Months time, by drinking the Juice thefe Roots, and eating confiantly the Broth DecoaionofMeatandFifli. ' ^ >; Brandy makes a terrible havock among thePeo pie of Conaday for thofe who drink it are muc more numerous than thofe who have thejK)we to 4bftain from it. That Liquor, which ofit fell is murdering fluff, and which is brew'dand adf .. .- teratefl to Korth^Amcticz. 47 cerated before 'tis iroporced into this Countrey, I (weeps olfaaen fo faft^ that one who has not feen the fatal effects of it canfcarce credit 'em : Itex- tinguiHies their Natural Heat, and throws almoft [all of 'em into that Languilhing Diforder, which [we call a Cmfumftion : They look Dale, livid and ^haftly like SkelcLuns. Their Feafts are the bane and entire ruine of their Stomacks, as being no- thing but plentiful Entertainments, at which they ^aluc themfelves upon leaving nothing. They >retend, that by vertue of their drinking great luantities of Water and Broth, they digeft their ^i^uals with greater Facility than the Europeans ^ fho load their Stomacks witl\Wine and other Li^ (uors, that produce Crudities. •, The Savages are not at all alarm\i by Sickneis, >r they fear Peath much lefs than the Pain and duration of their lUnefs. When they are fickj, ley only drink Broth, and eat fparingly ,* and if ley have the good luck to fall afleep, they think lemfelves cur d : They have told me frequently, lat fleeping and fweating would cure the moft [ubbprn Difeafes in the World. When they are b weak that they cannot get out of Bed, their Re- ftiofis come and dance and make merry before in order to divert 'em. To conclude, when iey are ill, they are always vifited by a fort of macks, (7:•' - I Commonly thefe Quacks bring *em fome Juiced of Plants, which are a fort of Purges, and are I called Maskikik, But the Patients choofe to keep them by 'em rather than to drink them ; for thevf think all Purgatives inflame theMafs of theBloodJ and weaken the Veins and Arteries by their vio»| lent Shocks. All their Cure confifts in fweatingj well, in drinking Broth, in keeping therafelva very warm, in fleeping if they can, and in drink-l ing the Lake-water or Spring-water, in the Pa-I roxyfms of Fevm^ as well as in other Diftemn pert. The! to N^rth-Ametica. 49 sm to vi- vich their of feeing ^keGrim- Vd.Whcrt •eaft of a :ompany. jrfion and >aticnt,ho jil Spirit ht This faid, t Hiadc on ouUngUke fiontofay, fter he has comes amd Body, and Vfcuth, ac-l ^scafne outm hearty 'i»rtA dinfine^fbat\ convtnient to\ t Elks, VeeTyl that fort tfl hfolnteljf 4«»| fomejuicci res, and are oofe to kee? m; forthev c>ftheBlood, by their vio» in fweating r thenifelvcs nd in drink- ■ in the Pa- her Diftem^ The iThey cannot conceive how we come to bo fuch Pools as to make ufe of Vomits ^ for when ever they fee a Prench-msLa take down fuch a violent Remedy, they cannot forbear faying that he fwallows an Iroquefe, They plead, that this fort of Remedy fKakes the whoid Machine, and makes terrible Efforts upon all the inward Parts. But they are yet more aftonifh'd at our cuitonl of 'Bleeding j For, fay they, the Blood be* if^ the Taper of Life, we have more occajion to four it than to take out, conpdering that Life Jinks whiti Un ts Vrincifal Caufe is )novd off ^ from whence its d ^atural Confe^uence, that after loft of Blood Nature ^s but feebly andbtavily, the Intraits are oiJerheat- dy and all the Tarts are dryd, which gives rife to aU ie Difeafes that affliU the Europeans. The. Savages are never eight Days together ithout Sweating, whether they be Well or bad; nly theyjobferve this difference, that when y are perfeAIy well they throw themfelves hile'the fweating moifiure is yet upon them, to the River in Summer, and into the Snow Winter J whereas when they are out of or- er they go immediately into a Warm Bed. Five. t fix Savages may fweat Conveniently in th^ {lace allotted For that ufe,which is a fort of bvei} ir Stove cover'd with Mats,SkinSjC^c. In the mid- e of this Bagnio there f^ands aDifh or Porrin- r full of burning Brandy, or of great red hoc nes, which ocCaiions fuch a piercing heat, t in the twinkling of an Eye they fweat pro- gioufly. They never make ufe of hot Baths d Glyfters, unlefs it be when they are oVer peF* aded by the Jefuits and our Phylicians. I remember, that in a Conierence I had one ay with a Savage, the Barbarian faid With a eat deal of Senfe, That a good Air, good TVater, d Contentment tf Mind could not imeed keep a D d Mans ^ o Some /Meuf Kcyages Mans Life from coming to an end, hut that at Uap it mttfi be ownd, that tbefe Advantages contrihnte in a great meafure to make a Man run through the tmfe ur Illnels as pt our Bed ithout oflfer- iming clown old Dame lefrefh us by i e making ufe ly afiirm,that that deftroys Breaft; and :he Euroftmi make ufe of heir ViUagcs.1 ; obfervuigo(| 'tis of dangc* Lppetite as tol imem hath al :y eat is littlel Fifti isalwayil Sallade, upoii| lige the Sec tion that theJ Plants, whof 5d with ; ar bounds nevei] 1, this is not ^ w kt jk h h-w; ',♦?..• t, . X' hit boMqatfi P|#t^' Tht purvDig a late Jen £ouvaQu I ■*i..»i' The tt/aticni ^ 6 decenj 'el W 'I --J . ■ ',. ' to Nort^-America. y« be imputed to thefe Herbs, nor to the Air of the Country, but to their hail Conftitutionj for notwithftanding the ufc of thefe very Reme- dies a Gangrene invades the Wounds of tht French^ who queftioniefs are harder to cure than the Savages. This People attribute our liable- nefs to Gangrenes, and indeed all our Difeaies, to the Salt that we eat i for they cannot tafte any fait thing without being fick unto Deaths and drinking perpetually* They cannot be per* fwaded to drink Ice-water, for they alledge that it infeebles the Stomach, and retards Digeftion. Such, Sir,are their fantaftical Opinions of things^ which proceed from* their PrepolTeffion and Bi- gotry with reference to their own Cuftoms and ways of Living. 'Tis in vain to vifit them when they lie at the point of Death, in order to prefs them to Bleed or take a Purge ,* for they ftili make anfwer, that they cannot confent to the forwarding of their Death by the Remedies of the French, which they take to be as bad as the Perfons who exhibit them. As foon as a Savage dies he is dreft as neatly as can be, and his Relations Slaves come and mourn over him j neither Mother,Sifter nor Bro<* ther Hiews the leaft mark of Affliction ; they fay, Their decas'd Friend is happy in being thus exempted from farther Sufferings ; for this good People believe, and not without Reafon, that Death is a paffage to a better Life. When the I Corps are dreft they fet them upon a Mat in the fame Pofturc as it the Perfon were alive ; and i his Relations being fet round him, every one in his turn addreffes him with a Harangue, recoun- I ting all his Exploits as well as thofe of his An« I ce ftors. He that fpeaks laft expreifes himfelf to this purpofe. * Youfuchaone, you fit now a- 1^ long, with us, and have the (ame Shapes that Dd 2 * we '« I J \Si* *?'' ri? , y »' N. ^'Hiu. ^ Some Kew Voyages ^Q have ; you want neither Arms, not Head^ need came from America • and in regard that 'tis in a manner good for nothing, they are forc'd to ')uy up Braftl Tobaco, which they mix with a :ertain Leaf of an agreeable Smell, call'd Saga^ iom$. I have nothing more to fay upon this Head ; for I think I have given you a fufficicnt account Dd 3 of ,1^ 'iHr^fJ '1! •' . ^?4;■■M 'I n ' ■■i\\ ' ■ I Ik' Im. I ■ iJ ; 'I »!i ^. ■ . - i of rheir Difeaies and of their Remedies, which In my Oj^nion are as Savage as themfelves. But let that be as it will^ 'tis certain they feldom (Ke of any other Diftemper than of a Pleurify. As, for the other Difeafes they get over them with the greateft danger in the World, for fetting afide their Courage and Patience which goes beyond any thing that we can imagine^ they tak« all the ways of the the World to burft theinfelv^ by Eating and Drinking when they have groli Feavours upon them^ and when the fit is over fmoaking that Brafil Tobaco, which without dif? J pute is the ftrongeft fort that we know of. - , . The Women of this Country are fubje^ to the Natural Diforders as well as dlfewhere, and fometimes die of them. 'Tis true theyhave an admirable Remedy for redrefling the Difordecl that flow from that Source; Imean> acertais iPotion ; but it hath no Operation unleis thejl abftain from all manner of £xcefs, which thfi|l are very unwilling to do. Some Fr<»c/& Surgeonjj aflur*d me,that the European Women void a mucll greater quantity and hold the Flux longer uponl tiiem than thefe Americansy who feldom havd thofe upon them above two Days at a timftl Another Inconvenience that frequently annoyi them, is an over-bearing quantity of Milk ^ for which they ufe to put little Puppies to fuck theiij Breafts. ■»'•', ,■*• k: v.'< ;/» ■»■' iht\ to Mwtl^-Anicrica. 5 J .1. Tkf Piverjlons of Hunting an J Slwoting '..- ufual among th Szvsiges. ■ ,1 .•>• -:.' •* '/' I Have already defcrib'd the Hunting of the £tks and ibme other Animals of Canada in for it is lawful to doubt of fome things whereof we cannot difcover the Caufe, provi- ded they have not any Connexion with Reii^i^ on ^ I mean fuch things as appear fo itrange to §ence and Keafon^ that we cannot give credit to them^ unlefs we have feen them our fclves. However, I will venture to write to you many Particulars upon this Subjed y which, perhaps may make you doubt of the truth oi my Narra- tive. I will begin with alluring you^ that theie Animals join together in a Society confining of I an Hundred^ and that they feem to talk and reafoxi with one another by certaing bemoaning inarticulate Sounds. The Savages lay they have an intelligible Jargon^ by means whereof they communicate their Sentiments and Thoughts to one another. I never was an Eye Witneis ofl this kind of AiTemblies, but many Savages' anA Courmrs de Boit, who are People worthy ot Cre- dit, have alTur d me, that there is nothing morej true. They add, that they confult among thcm- felves about what things they muft do to main-l tain their Cottages, their Banks and their Lakes,) and about every thing that concerns the Prefer-i vatibn of their Commonwealth. Thefe good! teople would perfwade me, that the BeavenI fet Centries while they are cutting tbroughl great Trees, as big as Tunc, with their Teeth, inl ^e Neighbourhood of their Mttle Lakes, ahdl that when thefe Centinels cry out, upon the! approach of Men <5r Beafts, all the Beavers that! are- at WoA throw themfelves into the Wateil . and- feve themfelves by diving, till they com«l at their' Cottages. I mention this matter of Fa^ upon the Report; of a Thoufand Perfons, whol cpuld have no Intereft to inipofe upon me with] Fables J but what follows I have obferv'd myl ielf, in the Country where the Outagamh Hunt,f which! ,fr to Nortfc-America. 17 yif\nch I mention d in the beginning of my i6th Letter. The Beavers finding a Rivulet that runs crols a Meadow, let themielvcs to make Banks and Ra.npaits, which ftopping the courfe of the Water caufe an Inundation over the whole Mea- dow; that fometimes is no lefs than two Leagues in Circumference. This Bank is made with Trees which chey cut down with their four great (harp Teeth, and then drag them along as they fwim in the Water. Thele Trees being rang'd a c'ofs at the bottom of this Meadow, the Ani- mals load thcnifclves with Grais and fat Earth, which they tranfport upon their great Tails, and throw in between the Wood with fo much Art and Induftry, that the moft skilful Bricklayer Can hardly make a ftionger Wall with Lime and Morter. Tn the Night time they are heard to Work with fo much Vigour and Diligence, that one would think them to be Men at Work, if he were not alfur'd before hand that they are Bea- vers. Their Tails ferve them for Trouels, and their Teeth for Jxes , their Paws fupply the place of Hands, and their Feet ferve inftead of Oars: In fine, they make Banks of 4 or ydo Paces in length, of 20 Feet in heighth, and 7 or 8 in thicknefs, in the fpace of y or 6 Months, though there are not above a Hundred at moft that Work upon them. I muft obferve here by the by, that the Savages, out of a fcruple of Confcience, never break thefe Banks, but only bore a hole through them, as I Ihall Ihow you hereafter. Befides their Talent of cutting down the Tre^vS, their Art of making them fall upon the Water appears to me altogether • furpiizing ; for it requires Judgment and clofe Attention to fucceed in it, and chiefly to nick the time when the Wincf can aliiftthem to make the fall of the '"'"''■' Tree Vv M ;!li'' ij 11,. 'U i'm ^:if.1)l''' M: i: I ^ ' liil !■ ii M 58 Some New Voyages Tree more eafie^ and to make them All upon their little Lakes. But this is not the fineft Work of thefe Animals, that of their Cottages fur* pafles all Imagination ; for it requires both Skit snd Strength to make holes at the bottom of the Water, for planting their fix Pofts which they take care to place exadly in the middle of the Lake : Upon thefe fix Pofts they fix their little Houfe,which is built in the form of an Oven^ann) is made up of fat Earth, Herbs and Branches ot| Trees, having three Stories that they may mount up horn one to the other when the Waters rift by Rains or Thaw. The Rafters are of Rufhei I aiia each Beaver hath an Apartment to himfell! They enter into their Cabin under Water, thro' a great hole in the firfk Floor, which is encom- pafs'd with Afp Wood cut in pieces on purpofe, that they may the more eafily drag it into their Cells when they have a mind to eat j for fmce it is their common Food,they are always lb Pro>| vident as to lay up great heaps of it, and chieflyl during the Autumn, torefeeing that the cold Wea4 ther will freeze up their Lakes, and keep then {hut up two or three Months in their Cabins. I fhould never make an end if I attempted tol give an account of all the feveral Artifices of I thefe Ingenious Animals, the Order fettled m their little Commonwealth, and the Precautioiul they ule to fecure themfelves from the purfuitl of other Animals : I {bill only obferve, that! all other Animals upon Earth, however Strong,! AiStivc and Vigorous they may be, have other Animals which they are affraidof; but thefe! I now fpeak of are not apprehcnfive of any dinger but only from Men, lor the Wolves, the Foxes, the Bears, &c. care not for offering to attack them in their Cabines, although tiiey have the faculty of Diving ,• and it is certain it mftll npoA fineft Work lottages fur* Bs bothSkitl Dttom of the which thejf diddle of the X their little in Oven, anti Branches ot ^ may mount * Waters rift re of Rufhes. ntto himfelf. Water, thro' ich is encom- !s on purpofe, ; it into their sat; for fmce ilways fo Pre t, and chiefly [he cold Wea- ld kec]? them ;ir Cabins. ^ . attempted toi il Arti^esod der fettled is le Precaution} n the purfuit] obferve, that wever Strong, ;, have bthei of; but thefc cnfive of any e Wolves, the br offering to lUhough they it is certain it k:- 4 '* » i. I / /^yJ 'Fi ^ A nit '-If' ii,' *¥^ i V r V '! r ij. 7\ r.,i '& ■|J>'! '■' m .,'?iii.' ;:!;i'!ii. as .Hi! h'tifi ' «• '1 1 i ;>• ,i ■ ' 111 )■■■ 'm .5' .yAr XJi'airr /h inrt of m //. 1 6 ic/i \. f/w J/vifHir.>e Jiirvrutiy t/itiir, n. //w /iiiiitjinen coming m a iv(A W I J. ./.'.v/v/j/i' jtir/^rij 'c/a>u/i(i//t/ \ I . /AfJi-Liaiieje ^Aootiii^ iipott if 1*^ I 1 .J,ii\iyej /7i/iiia A} t/ietf Caittr^t I dinoiv/ o/hxrA • . 7 1 . Jiifi-iyej^ ^tit to/'/ig^t M. n'onien/^/tftfia n'i/A f/ieti-^ LAhitfforjo /iLintjnien <- '/^/le areciiut o/^a /i^- u/uc'c/inii iiuc/c/Ze .ifjoo/or/tlt/e /a/Cr i,i ij iniT\^ /;v z to North' Ammci, J9 5s |i«t their Intereft to do it, for the Beavers would defend rhemfelves very eafily with their iharp cutting Teeth ; fo^ that they cannot be infuKed but by Land, and 'tis for that reafon they nevisr go Urther than twenty Paces from the edge of their Lake, and always fet Centinels to ^atch, who cry put to give them notice when they hear the leaft noife. tt remains now only that I Ihould give an Ac- count of the Nature of the Countries where the Beavers are humed, fome of which are defciib^d in my Map. And firil you muft know, that you cannot go four or five Leagues in the Woods ofCanadaJb^t you meet with a little Beaver-Lake: So that one may fay, that all this vaft Con- tinent is a Country for Beaver hunting ; but this is not what I mean. The Places for Hunting that I now (beak of are a multitude of little Lakes replenim'd with thefe Animals,the diftance of which from one to another is inconfiderable. For Inftance, thofe of Saguinany of V ours ^id dort, of the River of Puants, are about twenty Leagues in length, and in that whole compais of Ground their are found Sixty little Beaver Lakes more or lefi, where a certain nr.mber of Savages may Hunt in the Winter time. 'Tis commonly about the end of Autumn that the Sa- vages fet out from their Villages in a Canow tc go and poft themfelves in the places for Hunting, jand as they know all the places much better ban I do the Streets of^ebec, they agree among jthemfelves, as they are Travelling, to allot each ""amily a certain compa^ of Ground, fo that when they arrive at the place they divide them« elves into Tribes. Each Hunter fixes his Houfc in the Center of that Ground which is his Di- n£ty as you may fee defcrib'd in this Cur. 'here are eight or ten Hunters in each Cot- , ' ta.iic, t i7 Jnr 3'{ti'cr Jianiinq Jpo/ccn of m If. tb letter. A . tfirJrJifiic.ie Jiirf.fruuty tAii^ffitnuaj ^it ftntihha , y^ . /A^ /iiinfjineii tonniui malvikf /o meet <-«i C . (4 .l.nnae tiiAenatuontr o/nar \i .aJafaof Jiirprif 't/ atti/ /Li7i(liit tne aefiait t<. l/iry^fo,iiie./f iii^ttipitj'i n'rtna iiuon A Cattonnf C f . //tfji\jatieje j'/toott'iii/ ituott li I'aiiotv^ tnat//t/ , W.J .it'iiyej //i/ina tolfietf {tuttrv.* ,4 , \.Canoix'/ofi>rtr-A.' • ' \.Jiif<:t(;fej ^tttto/^/ig/it ft V '" . ' M. ivprnen ut/tna H'l/A t/ieii- CM/e/rgn L A /in/ for JO /umtJinen 0^ / ne^reciiut o/iihittfor ttii /lunt/ineit j/au/in ij niM/e Jpoo/ar/ttt/e /aie in j niu6t o/ivht'cfi J leavers &ni/e/ tAeif ienntlt '1 t f! T? /•;-'/. ^ i ii /' - fr"- , lii^ ■¥i '' • ■ t .> t/>Anier!ca, <^A 9ctalh at thefe Holes, arc cAtch'd in tho Nets ; AC tl^is race not one of rhcm cfcaj^es, but &^c Savages having no mind to extirpate cm tbrow back into the Holcs^ the lame number of Beavers, Male ami Fema'e^ as they ufually do nc their Hunting in Autumn, as I have already told you. They may likewife be kill'd when they Swim upon the Water , or when they come Alhorc to cut down Trees \ but then you mulV be very well hid and not (lir, for upon tho Icall noife that they jlicar, they throw themfclvcs into the Water, and Dive till they conic to their Kennels. This way of Hunting is peculiar to Travellers, who find- ing themfelves lodg'd near fome Beaver Lake, iendeavour to furprize them, by Sculkinp be- Ihind fome Log or fome great Tree till Nij;ht Icomes on. The Savages cake alfo other Animals in thcfe Jcaver-Hunting-Countrics, by running up and iown. I have already told you, that thoy let japs, in which Foxv/, iVohes, ALrtem and o- thei-s are catch'd when they bite at the Bait. I have alfo explained to you the way of making this fort of Traps^ in my irth Letter. Thelc ingipes do not diiller from one another, but only [n tutk : Thole for the Bears are the ftrongclt. Hit they arc of no ufc till the beginning of Win- ter J for then the Bears fcek out great Trees iyhich are Hollow, where the Branches begin to [prcad, that they may Nellie in them. Many \ople will hardly believe that thefc Animals can [i^vc 2 Months in fuch Prifoiis, without any other ooa but the Juice of their Paws which they [uck continually : And yet the matter of Fad is mdcniably true. But I reckon it yet more Itrajige, khat they are able to climb up to thofc Lurking- noles, especially at a time when they arc lb Fat, - * ' that 11 '•tilt ^n h 6 1 Some New Voyagtf that 2 lavages condud them whithei they pleaft. with Poles, they being fcarce able to waft. This I faw :? or 4 times during the Winter in 1687, when I Winter'datFtfKr St. Jofifb ; forthe/fei-wi* of Gmrktfomn brought fome of them off, which entcr'd the Fort without any relucftancy. The Savages make likewile Traps tor the Lani- Beavers y which tor the reafon given in my i6th Letter, neftle on the Land, like Foxes, Conies an4 faAgeri : And notwithftanding that they are our- fu'd by the other Beavers, yet they make their Dens about the Lakes, Brooks and Rivers. They are ealily taken in thde Traps, el'pecially wheft,! they are Baited with Ae Head ot an Otter . IFoH] there is (o great aiHVntipathy between thefe 1 forts of Animals, that they are continually a(| War vvith one another. ■ The Savages inform'd me, that they faw a I great Company of Otters Affembled together a^^l bout the Month of May, who had the Doldrefcf CO attack the Beavers m their Huts, but were beaten back and driven from the Lake with lolsj They added , that a Beaver can defend him- fclf againft 3 Otters, by the help of his TeethI and Tail. In fine, 'tis certain that the Lakd Beavers are feldom taken in Traps, unlefs theyl be Baited with fome Afpwood, as 1 have already! obferv'd. I acquainted you above that the Sava- ges vifit their Traps every day, and carry intol their Cottages the Prey that they find catchUl Immediately after that, the Slaves F5ea the BeaftsI that are taken, and Aretch out their Skins in the| Air, or on the Ice to dry them. This Imploy- ment lafts as long as the time of Hunting, whichl ends with the great Thaw ; ano then they put up their Skins in Bundles, r»nd carry them to the place where they left the Canows when they tirft came into this Hunting- Country. I Aithol to Noyth'Amchc2L. H (" I V 'i 1. ■■■;■•'!* 64 Some New Voyages Women and Children. After they had refted a little while^ they prepar'd to return Home by (hort Journeys , becauib they had reafoh to be« lieve that they fliould reach their own Villages before the Ilinefe and Oumamis could have time to Rally, and give notice of their Difafter to fuch of the Nations as were Hunting in remoter Pla- ces. But they were fo much deceiv'd, that the Ilinefe and Oumamis Rallied to the number of 200, and refolv'd to die Fighting rather than fufFer their Countrymen to be carried away by the Iroquefe. In the mean time, becaufe their Party was not an equal Match for the Enemies, they 1 contriv'd a notable Stratagem : For after they had well confidev'd in what manner they (hould Attack them, they concluded that they ought to follow them at a fmall dif^ance till it began to] Rain. Their Projed lucccedc'^j ario the HeaJ vens feem'd to favour it : For while it Rain'dj continually one whole day from Morning to] Might, they fo quicken 'd their pace, from tliej time that the Rain begun to fall, that they pals'dj by on one fide at 2 Leagues diftance hom thcj Iro'iuefe, and fo got before them to lay an Ambuf-j cade in the middle of a Meadow, which the E- nemy was to crofs in order to reach a Wood,! where they had a mind to make a halt and kincilel great Fires. The Ilinefe and Oumamis lyin^ uponl dieir Belly among the Fern^ waited till the IroA qucfe were got into the middle of them beforej they Shot off their Arrows ,• and then they At- tacked them fo vigoroufly with their Clubs,] that the Enemy finding their Fire- Arms un- ferviceable, by reafon that their Prime was] wet, were ibrc'd to throw them down on the Ground, and defend thenifelves with the fame] Arms wherewith they were Attack'd, ( I mean] with Clubs. J But as I obferv'd before, that chel ^•'' IlinfA N to North^Attkevicai 6$ Jt'mefe are fomeching more dextrous and nimbler than the Irotjuefi^ fo the latter were forc'd to yield to the former, and recreated Fighting till Night came on, after chey had loft i8o Soldiers. The Fight which lafted but one hour, had continued I all Night, if the Conquerors had not been afraid^ left their Countrymen being ftill Bound and left behind 'em , ihould be expos'd to fome Sur- Iprize in the dark : And therefore after they had Irejoyn'd them, ai.d feiz'd all the Fire- Arms of their Enemies who were fled and difpers'd up md down, they return'd into their own Coun- try, without taking one Iroquefe, for fear of weak- ling themielves. The 2d Attempt hapned 3 years after this^ in [he Hunting-Country of the OHtagantis ; where jhe Governor of that Nation, as I inform'd you my 1 6th Letter, gave me 10 Soldiers to ac- company me to the Long River. The Blow pen given was after this manner. A Bodv of [000 Iroquefe being come in their Canows about le end of Autumn, as far as the Bay of Mif- Taiuesy in the Lake of the Hurcns, without being [iicover'd. Landed at this place ; and being very [umcrous, march'd up the Country with their ets, in order to Fim in the little Lakes and ivers, till the Frofty Seafon fhould come on, hicli hapned a, few days aften After the Xce as ftrong enough to bear them, they eontinut^d eir Courfe, coafting along the great Lake of e Hurons, till they were 5 or 6 Leagues below ' e Fall caU'd Saut Saint e Mime, which they ould not approach to for fear of meeting with me Coureurs de bois in the Fort of the Jefuits, aving crofs'd the Bay, they judged it conveni- t £0 make very ftiort Journies, for fear of be- g difcover'd. And they were fo cautious to march all in a Row upon the Snow ,• that if E e by i 4 ' ''. % (l'''*/^''' It,;'* !'::*f'' :ji *i.^ "'I' '' \Jl. I , .' If" .Biil w- ■ 41 it ' " I' ' s ■ 66 Sowie jMw /o)/^^ci. by chance any one (hould difcover their Foot* &cps^ it might be thought that they were nor above Thirty or Torty at the moft. After thij manner they Travell a till the 1 5:th or 20th of February, without being perceiv'd, but at lalt they had the misfortune to be difcoverd by four 5#i|. tears J who feeing fo great a number pafs over) little Lake, run with all fpeed to the Huntingj Country of the Outagamis to give them notic«,j notwithdanding that the^4MrfMrjwere then atWarl with the Outagamis, In the mean time the Thawl coming on fiiddenly contrary to the £xpe(Statio)i| of the Iroquefif who reckoned upon Twenty! Days of Froft to come, according to the cot nion courfe of the Seafon ; this made then mend their pace, and look out for the narrowe and leaft frequented PaiTes. The OutagM were mightily perplex'd what courfe to take ij this cafe. It was certain that they might back again to their Villages in fafety, but th they would be forc'd to abandon their WiT«| and Children, who had not ilrength to run the Men. In fine, after they liad held a Coiiij cil among themfelves, they refolv'd to advi as far as a certain Pafs about half a League i| length and Thir*^^. Paces in breadth,between M little Lakes, which way they faw plainly the Irot^uefe were oblig'dto pals. The Outagamis being no more than four Hu died thought fit to divide themfelves into w Bodies, and it was agreed, that two Hundrj (hould be ported at the end of a Pafs which ihj ihould Fortifie immediately with a Range Stakes from one Lake to another ,• and that i other two Hundred ftould go about a quarterj a League otf of the other end of the Pafs, il which the iroquefe were to march, to the that every one having cut down a Stake thj to North'AmmcSil 6t might all run (Quickly in to ftop up that end of the Pailage^ and that immediately after the Iro» quefe had entred the Dehle^ the 3couts appointed to obfcrve their March mould come and give them notice ,* all which was pun(^ually put in Execution : For as foon as that great Multitude, who induftrioudy pitch'd upon the narrow Roads^ was entred into this Pafs^ the two Hun- dred Outagamisj who Were about a quarter of a [league to one fide of it^runin with alltheirMighc and carried with them a fufficient number of [Pales to enclofe that little piece of Land which Iwas bounded by the two little Lakes^ fo that they [had time enough to fet them up and faften them [with Earth, before the Iroquefi^ being aftonifh'd to find their way block'd up at the other end, :ouid return back the fame way, to fee them- jfelves fhut up between two Barricadoes. Now the Savages, as I have often told you, are never 10 rafh as to attack a Redoubt of Fifty Palifa- ioes, yet thefe Jro<^uefe were refolv'd to venture ipon an Attack, and with that view run up with It expedition to force the new Barricado ,• but ley Hacken'd their pace after the firft difcharge fchich the Outagamis made through the intervalls [f the Pales, for they had not time to joyn lem as they fhould be. The Iroquefe feeing lemfelves thus fhut up, took the number of the ^utagamis to be much greater than realy it was. the mean time the great Queftion was, how get ouc of this Prifon ? For to throw them- ?lves into the Water and fwim over one of thefe Lakes, was to run the hazard of ones Life, be- jdes that one muft be long-winded and have a [cod Heart to fwim over a broad 1 1 ke, at a time 'hen the Water was cold, the ice being not [uite melted. This Confultation gave the Onta- mis time to fortifie their Barricadoes, and to E e 2 fcrd 6i r mm it;b|».. So;we JN&ii? Fbj^^e^ fend out Scouts who were plac'd at a diftance from one another , upon the Banks of thefe two Lakes^ to knock all on the Head that offer'd to fwim to the fhore. Notwithftanding all thefe Precautions the Iro' ^ueje found out a wonderful Expedient, which was to make Floats of the Trees wherewith they were encompafs'd^ but the blows of the Ax made too great a noife, which difcover'd their Defign to the Outagamis, and therefore they made Canows of Hart- skins to run backward and forward upon the two Lakes in the Night time. Thefe Boats were made in five or fix Days, during which time the Iroqueft fifh'd and catch'd abundance of Trouts in the fight of the Outagamis, who could not hinder them. Aftei this no body doubted, but they muft crofs one of the Lakes, and fight Houtly when they came I to the Landing place, in cafe their fecret Navi- gation was difcover'd. That they might the bet- ter fucceed in their Defign they made a Feint,! which had infallibly anfwer d their end if the bottom of the Lake had not been Clay : For a- bout Midnight having Sacrific'd Twenty Slaves upon one of the Lakes, whom they forc'd to pudi a Float along, they made account to paf$ the other the fame way, making ufe of Polej indead of Oars : But in regard that the Poles funk fo deep into the Clay, that the Steerfmen could not pull them out again without great dif- ficulty, they made but flow difpatch ,* infomuch that the Outagamis, that at firft were under a miftake in joyning themfelves to the Slaves, had time to run to the other Lake, where they found the Iro^ttefe about a Musket-fhot off the Shore. As foon as the Iroqucfe came to have but three Foot Water they threw themfelves into the Water with their Guns cock'd, fuffering at ' ■ ■ -:.-•-■'■•' • the to North''Americ2i. 69 the fame time the Fire of the Outagamh, who were not above three Hundred, there being Fif- ty of them 4eft to guard each Barricado. 'Tis a wonder the Iro^uefe were not all cut off in the Landing, for they funk in the Clay up to their Knees, 'Tis true, 'twas in the Night time, and for that reafon all the Enemy's Fire might not bear upon them. However five Hundred of them fell in the Water, and the reft having gain'd the Shoar notwithftanding all the oppo- fition of the Outagamis, attack'd them with fuch Fury that if the Hundred Men that were left for a Guard to thu Barricadoes had not run in to their Afliftancc upon the firft noife of the Guns, ithe poor Outagamis were in danger of falling up- |on the Spot. They fought till the break of I Day with wonderful fury, and that in the great- eft Confufion imaginable, being difpers'd up and down a Wood, infomuch that feveral were |klird by their own Men, who could not diftin- ^uifli who was who. The Iroquefe were obfti- lately refolv'd not to yield the Field of Battel, )ut of regard to their wounded Men, and in confideration that they would not have the 0«- laramis to take the Hair of their Dead. But at [aft they were oblig'd to give way, without be- ing purfued, and fled half a League off where Ihey rally'd. I was inform'd by feveral Iro^uefe fome Years after this Engagement happen'd, that [hofe who furviv'd the Engagement were for tenturing upon a new Brufh: but confidering [hat they wanted Powder, and that they were )blig'd to return home through the Country of [he Sautetirsy or thofe who live on the Confines )f the great Water Falls, they chang'd their Re- folution. But after .\il they were much out in lot coming to a frefti Engagement 5 for being HU three Hundred ilrong they could not but E e ; have I mm . '; im r ^1^ 70 ^owe New Voyages have the better of it, for the Outagamis were not fo numerous by one thirds having loft half their number in that (harp Engagement, not to men- tion that of the two Hundred which remained there wereThirty Wounded.In (hort thtOutagamh having intrench'd thcmfelves in the fame place I where the Fight was. took care in the firft place to drefs the Wounds both of their own Men and of their Prifoners ,• and after taking the Hair off the Heads of all their dead Enemies^ fentf out Scouts to obferve the Enemy^ after whicb they return'd home in fafety. I When the Outagamis arriv'd at their VillageJ the firft thing they did was a return of Thanks tol the four Sauteurs that had given them IntelliJ gence of the approach of the Iroquefe. TheJ proclaim'd them to be great Matters of War, an prefented 'em with ohe half of what they b got at Hunting! which amounted to Sixty Thou land Crowns, pretending farther, that tnefe fou Savages ought to inherit the Beaver and othe Skins belonging to thofe of the Caagamis tk were kill'd in the Battle. In fine, atter enterj taining thofe Intelligencers with good Chear,an| all the Marks of Honour that were poffible id their way, they fent them in a Canow to Sii St, Mary, by the way of the Bay of Pttanies, witj a Guard of Fifty Warriors. The Sauteurs refusj both their Prefents and their Convoy, upon tb account that the two Nations were then at Wal with one another : But the Outagamis forc'd then upon 'em, and 'twas this that procur'd a Peacj between them at the end of four Months. This, Sir, as I take it is fufficient to give ycj an hica of the Hazards that the Savages run; their Beaver Hunting. In the mean time, thj l have but juft made an end of two ^Ulita •A-dventures, yet I allot the very next Chaptf to North'Amcvicz. ^\ for an account of their Military Art, in which you'i meet with fomechings that will ferve for Diveriion to your felf and and Entertainment to your Friends. « The Military Art of the Savages. .-v- THE Savage call'd Rat^ whom I have men- tion'd fo often in my Letters, has faid to me feveral times^ that the only thing in the World that vex'd and difturb'd his Mind was the feeing Men wage War with Men, Prithee, my Brother, faid he, do hut look ; our Dogs agree per" Ife^fy weU with the Iroquefe Dogs, and thofe oj the Iroquefe hear no Entity to the Dogs that come from France. / do not know any Animal that wages War mth others of its own Species, excepting Man, who upon this [core is more Unnatural than the Beafts, For nty part ( continues he ) I am of the Opinion^ that if the Brutes could Think and Reafon, and com- municate their Thoughts, 'twould he an eafie matter \ fir them to extripate the Human Race: For, in ear- nift, if the Bears and JVol'ues were but capable of \ forming a Republick , who could hinder them ta draw together a Body of ten or twelve Thoufand, and to fall upon «f ? If fuch a thing jhould happen, what defence can we make ? They would fcale cur ViUa- gts with the greatefi Facility wtfiginable, and after the fulling down of our Huts devour our felves. Could we in fuch a Cafe undertake a Hunting Expedition, without, running the rifiue of being torn in Pieces ? We fwuld then be reducd to live upon Accorns and Roots, without 'Arms and vnthout Cloaths, and to run the perpetual hazard of falling into the Clutches of thefe Animals, Their Strength and Nimblenefs would Jink all Opp'^fition from us, and command us to yield. E e 4 Let ^, ■ ^ Av^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^12,8 |Z5 |»0 ^^ ■■■ u 114 Ef |£o 12.0 u I: i IE II Ij25 |j£ ij^ ^ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WIBSTIR.N.Y. 14SS0 (716) 872-4S03 1 1^ '/■■ 7 1 Some Neii> f^^g^i Xe/ «r emclude therefore^ my dear Brother y that tint Reafon which Man hoafis fo much of is the greatefi hfirument of his Idifery i and that if Men were with out that Faculty of Thinking, Arguing and Speaking, they would not imbarque in mutual Wars as they nm doy without any regard to Humanity or Sacred Frt*- mifes, Such^ Sir, are the Moral Thoughts of a Sa- vage y who pretends to Philofophife upon the Cuftom that we have of killing Men with Juftice and Honour. The Jefuits do their utmoft to remove this Scruple by fuch Reafons as they have, as they do upon ieveral other Subje<5b, atiid the Savages hear 'em very gravely, but at the fame time they tell 'em that they do not under- ftand *em. 4 The Wars of the Savages are grounded upon the kight of Hunting, or of a PaSage upon mch and fuch Grounds ,* tor their Limits are adjuftedL and every Nation is perfedly well acquainted with the Boundaries of their own Country. Now thefe Americans are a$ Cruel to their Enemies, as they are True to their Allies ; for fome Nations among them ufe their Prifoners with the laft de- gree of Inhumanity ; as I fhall (hew you moti at large in the Sequel. When the Europeans offer I to Cenfure the Savages for their barbarous and cruel Ufage, they reply very coldly. That Life in nothing, that they are nor revengd on their Enemies ly cutting their Throats^ hut h putting them to a lon^, \ tedious, Jharp and lafiing Torture ; and that Womt^ would be as chearful Jvarriors at Men, if there wm nothing to be fear d but bare Death. At the. Age of I Fifteen they begin to bear Arms, and lay 'em down at Fifty. If they happen -to bear Arms fooner or later, 'tis only in the way of maraud- ing, for they are not lifted into the number of I the Warriors. Thp to tiorth-Amerki. 71 : The Strength of the Iroquefe lies in engaging with Fire- Arras in a Forreft j for they flioot ve- ry dexteroufly J befides that they are very well vers'd in making the beft advantage of every thing, by covering themfelves with Trees, be- hind which they ftand ftock ftill after they have difcharg'd, though their Enemies be twice their Number. But in regard that they are more clumfy and not fo clever as the more Southern Americans^ they have no Dexerity in handling a Clubj and thus it comes to pafs, that they are always worfted in the open Field, where the Clubs are the only Weapons ,• for which Reafon they avoid any Engagement in Meadows or Or pen Fields as 'much as is poflible. Tfie Savages never court an Engagement but by way of iurprifal, that is, the fide which makes the firft difcovery is almoft always fure of having the better of it j for they have ft in their choice to nuke the Attack either in the open Field, or in the mofl dangerous Defiles or Paifes. In the Day time they take all the Precaution in the World to cover their March, by fending out Scouts on all Hands^ unlefs it be that the Party is fo ftrong as to fear nothing ; for then, indeed, they March all in a clofe Body^ But they are as Negligent in the Night time, as they are Vigilant in the Day ,• for they place neither Gentries nor Guards at the entry of their Camp, and when they go a Hunting or Shooting of Bea- vers, they are equally fecure or carelefs. When I enquir a into the reafon of this bad DifcipHtie, I was afTur'd that the Savages did it by way of Preemption, as reckoning fo much upon the Reputation of their Valour, that they imagine their Enemies will not not be lb bold as to At- tack them : And when they fend out Scouts in the pay time, that Precaiition 'proceeds more from 74 ^^* NiUfVdydge$ from an itch to furtnife ihtir Bneihles^ tlia&(r6m the fear of bdng furt^ris'd themfelvcs. There are a grtat many Savage Nations in Canada that tremble at the tery Name of the ^». ^uefey for the latter are a brave fort of People ; they are expert WarHorft^ ready upbn all Eilter- priles^ and capable to put them iii Executioo, with all due Dexterity. 'Tis true^ they are not fo fprightly as moft of their Enemies^ nor fo happy in fighting with Clubs ; and 'tis for that Reaion that they never march but in numeroat Bodies^ and that by flower Marches than thofe of the other Savages. In fine, you'i fee in my Lift of the Nations of CanaJa^ which of 'en are Warlike^ and which are only qualify'd for Huntings Thp Savages have a wonderful Talent in fur- prifing their Enemies; for they can trace the Footileps of Men and Beafts upon Grafs and Leaves, better than the Eurefeans can upon Snow or wet Sand. Nay, whicn is more, they can diftingui/h with a great deal of Facility between frelh Trads and thofe of longer ftanding and cm make a juftEftimateofthe number and kind that made them. Thefe Trads they follow whole Days without being miftaken. This I have feen fo often with my own Eyes, that there's no room left for the leaft doubt upon the matter. The Warriors never undertake any thing without the Advice of the Ancient Men, to whom they propofe their Projeds. Upon a Pro- pofal thus made the old Men meet and confult upon it ,• after which their Speaker walks out of the Council-Hut, and with a loud Voice Pro- claims the Refolunon of the Council, that all the Village may have due Intormation of the fame. You tiies^ thanfrdm iv«s. ige Nations in ame of the iri». brt of People • jpbn all Eilter- iil Execudoo, e> they are not tiemies^ nor fo ind 'tis for that ut ]n numeroDi :hes than thofe /oul fee in my which of 'era I y qualify'd for I Talent in fur- r can trace the ipon Grafs and can upon Snow more, they can •acility between r ftanding. and lumber and kind ts they follovr laken. This I 5wn Eyes, that eaft doubt upon :ake any thing cient Men, to I . Upon a Pro- eetand confult cer walks out of oud Voice Pro- ,ouncil, that all ormation of the • i r ■^ ■».■ m /.. You ' '*^ ViitT 1U* to Korth'Amcticsu 75 You muft obferve that each Village hath its General or Great Head of the Warriors^ who in connderation of his Valour, Capacity and Ex- perience is proclaimed fuch by an unanimous Confent. But after all^ this Title invefts him with no Power over the Warriors,* for ihefe Peo- ple are Strangers to a Military as well as to a civil Subordination. Nay, thev are fo far from it, that if the great Leader (houfd order the. filly- eft and moft pittiful Fellow in his Army to do fo and ioy why truly, this fliaddow of a Captain would receive this Anfwer from the Centinel, 'tbdt what be orders another to do he ought to do it himfelf. But 'tis fuch an uncommon tiling for the Leader to aA fp indifcreetly, that I Queftion if there be one Initance of it. However this mutual Independance is of no ill Confequence ; for though the great Leader is not invefted with Power and Authority, yet they acquiefce entire- ly in what he Propofes. He no fooner opens his Xf outh in faying, J think fuch and fuch a thing froper, let's detach Ten or Twenty Men^ ^c. than 'tis put in Execution, without the leaft Oppofi- tion. Befides the great Leader there are fome other Leaders that Head a certain number of Warriors who follow them out of Friend/hip and Refped ,* and thefe are not looked upon as as Leaders or Commanders by any other than their own Family or Followers. When the old Men think it proper that aParty of Warriors Should take the Field,the Greet Leader who always affifts at the Council, hath the privi- lege of making his choice whether he'll Flead them himfelf, or ftay at home in the Village. If he hath a mind to go himfeir,he orders the Cryer of that Nation to make publick Prcclamaticn in all the Streets of the Village, That on fuch a D.iy he gives the Feaft of VVar to thofe who ' • •;■ . . * • plsafe 1 m y6 Some New Voyages pleafe to be prefcAt. Then, thofe who have t mind to go in that Party, fend their Diflies to tb6 General's Houfe on the appointed day, and a^ fure to be there themfelves before noon. Wheii the Company is all gathered, the General walb out to a publick place with his Club in his hand, being followed by the Wairriours wh6 fit do\[(ra round him. This done, ^here comes fix Savages^ with as many Kettle-Drums,which make a Clu& ter, rather than a Warlike Sound. Thefe Drum- mers fit down fquat upon their Tails by a Poft fix'd in the Center of the great Ring : And at the fame time, the General fixes his Eyes upon the Sun, all the Company following his example, i and makes his Addreifes to the Great Spirit; after which a Sacrifice is commonly offer d up. When this Ceremony is over, he fings the Sone of War, the Drummers beating Time to him af- ter their way ^ and at the end of every Period, which contains one of his Exploits, he knocks a- gainft the Poft with his Club. When he has made an^nd of his Song^ each Warriourfingsin his turn after the fame fafhion, provided he has made a Campagne before ^ for if he has not, he*s doom'd to Silence. This done, the whole' Company returns to the General's Hutt, where | they fina their Dinner ready for them. If the General do's not think it fit to Command the Party in Perfon, and choofes to ftay at home ; the Warriours that defign to go upon the Party, choofe one of the Under-Leaders that I mentioned but now : And the Under-Leader thus chofen, obferves the faihe Ceremonies of Ad- dreffing the Great Spirit , Sacrificing, Singing, andFeaf^ing. The la(t Ceremony is continued every day till they March out. Some of thefe Parties go half way, or three quarters of their way in Canows j particularly thole ^ Korth'Attimcii 77 thofe whalive upon the Banks of l^akes^ as well as the Irc^fe. The Iro^uefe have this advantage over their Enemies, that they are all Arni'd with good Fire-Loc|^s ; whereas the othejs who ufe thofe Engines only for the ^hooting of Beafts, have not above half their number provided with *em : And 'tis for this reafon, that the nearer they come to their Enemies Country^ the lefs they fpread out in Hunting or Shooting, efpeci- < I ally with Fire- Arms, the report of which might I Alarm the Enemy. When they come within thirty or forty Leagues of danger, they giv^ over Hunting and Shooting, being afraid to hre their Guns; and content themfelves with the WiVi» ICtm, of which each of them carries a Bag pf ten pound weight ; and upon which they feed, after tis mix*d with a little Water without Boiling. I When the iBinefe, the Outagarfiu, the Hurons, and the Sauteurs wage War with the Iroquefe, and have a mind to make a bold Attempt ^ if there be but thirty of them, they'll march, dire^ly up to the end of the Village, prefuming that in caie of a difco\ery, they can eafily fave themfelves by their good Heels. In the mean time, they have the Precaution to March one after another; and {he that comes laft takes care to llrow the Ground I with Leaves, in order to cover their footfteps. After they have patt the Village, and are got in- |to the Irojuefe Country, they run all night ,• and in the day time lye fiat upon their Bellies, in the jCopfes and Thickets, being fometimes difpers'd, I and fomctimes all in a Body. Towards the Eve- i ning, or as foon as the Sun fets, they Spring out I from their Ambufcade, and fall upon every one , they meet, without fparing either Age or Sex : For 'tis a cuftomary thing with thefe Warriours to fhew no Mercy, not to Children and Women. After they have finifh'd their Maffacre, and taken the ' >■ i 78 Some New Voyagef the Hair off the Heads of the Dead, they hare the boldnefs to make a Funeral Cry. If they fee any Ire^utfi at a diftance, they ftrain their Voices to acquaint 'em that they have kWYd fome of their Folks, whom they may take care to Buiy: That the A^on wai accomplifli'd by f^ch a Lea- der and fuch a Nation. This done, they all betake themfelves to Flight by diflbrent Roads^ and run with their utmoft fpeed till they come to a general place of Rendezvous, about thirty ot forty Leagues off. In the mean time, tht Ircfuffi do not give themfelves the trouble of purfuitjg them^ as being fcnfible that they are not f6 nitn- ble Footed as to overtake 'em, If thefe Parties are two or three hundred Men ftrong, they'll venture to enter the Village in the Night time ,• making one or two of their War- riours to Scale the Palifladoes and open the Gates, in cafe they are (hut. But you muft know, that the Outaouas^ as well as the other Savages :hat have not fo much Courage and AAivtty, content themfelves with purfuingthe Irctjuefein the Coun- tries where they Hunt or Fifh : For they dare not come within forty Leagues of their ViilageS) unlefft they know of a |>lace of Refuge, In cafe of a difcovery or purfuit : And there can be no other Refuge than fome little Forts kept up by tht- French, The Savages never take any Prifoners at the Gates of their Enemies Villages ; by reafon of| the Expedition they are oblig d to make in run- ning Night and Day to fave themfelves : *Tis in the Hunting and Fifhing Countries, and in the other places that afford them an opportunity of | furprizing their Enemy , that they take 'em Prifoners : For upon fuch occafions, the weaker fide being forc'd to give way, and to maintain a running Fight without any Order or DifcipHne, while lUr:\\^ to NarthrAmetiai 79 while evtrv one flies his own way, 'tis not pof- lible but thai the Conquerors muft take Prifon- And there's always fome Arong brawny Sa- ers yag^^ wh9 know how to throw down the Pn- foner dextrouHy^ and to bind him in a moment. B)i( there are fome pf the defeated Parties^ who choofe rather to kill themfelves than to be took Prifoners ; and others are fo obdinate that thev |i\u(^ be Wounded l^efore they can be catch a. ^s foon as a Savage is Fetter'd;, he Hngs his Death Song, after the manner defcri^'d in my 2)d (.ette^. The Irofnefi that have the misfor- tune to be catcVd, have nothing to expe(^ but fi^rful Torture^ if they fall into the hands of the OMm0auif, the OtuaouaSy the Akpnkinsy and the Savages oi Canada : For thefe People areextream cruel to their Prifoners. The leaft Punilhmenc th^y tnfti<5b upon 'e iS) chat of obliging the poQf Wretches to put their Finger into the mouth of a lighted Pipe ,• which makes an agreeable di- verfiop to the Conqueror in hi$ Journey home. The other Natipns ufe their Prisoners with much more Humanity. From hence we may con- clude, that we ought to make a great dinerence between the feveral Nations of Canadii ; fome of which are Warlike^, others Cowardly ,* fome s^ lively AiStive Pepple, others Heavy and Dull : ]n a Word) the Caie is the fame iq Afnerica as it is in ^Mropey where every Nation has not the Vir- tues or Vices of another. For the Iroquefe^ and the other Nations that I nam'd along with them, burn all their Prifoners ; whereas the other Na- tion^ content themfelves with the keeping of them in Slavery, without putting any to Death, "lis the firft fort that I mean to fpeak of in the three Q^fuing Paragraphs. 8o Some New Voyagts As foot! as a party of Barbarians approach thei^ own Village^ they make as many Dead-Cries as they have loft Men ; and when they come with* in a Mufquet-Shot of the Village^ they renew the mournful Tune ; and repeat it for a certain number of times anfwerable to the number of the flain among the Enemies. Then the Youths under (ixteen^ and above twelve years of age, Arm themfclves with Sticks^ and make a Lane in order to beat the Prifoners, which they put in execution as foon as the Warriours have made their entry ^ carrying the Hair of thofethey hare flain upon the end of their Bows. The next day^ the old Men meet in Council upon the diftribution of the Prifoners^ which are commonly prefented to fuch Married Women or Maids as have loft Relations in the Expedition, and to thofe that want Slaves. After the diftri* bution is adjufted, three or four Young Scoun* drels of the Age of fifteen^ take the Prifoneis { and condud^ them to thefe Women or Girles. Now, if the Woman to whom the prefcnt is i made, means that the poor Wretch fnould die, i fhe gives him to underftand that her Father^ her { Brother, her Husband^ &c, having no Slaves to i ferve them in the Country of the Dead, itb^| hoves him to take a Journey thither out of hand. If evidence be brought that the poor Slave has | kiird either Women or Children in his lifetime, < the young Executioners lead him to a Woodpile, | where he is forc'd to undergo the difmal Tor- ments mentioned in my 23d Letter ; and feme- times fomewhat that is yet more terrible. But if I the unfortunate Prifoner can make it appear that he only kill'd Men^ they content themfelves with the Shooting of him. If the Woman or Girl has a mind to fave the Prifoners life ( which often happens) (he takes him by the hand ; and! aftetl approach the!/ Dead-Cries as ey come with* B, they renew it for a certain the number of len the Youths years of age, lake a Lane in :h they put in urs have made thofetheyhan icet in Council lers, which arc ried Women or he Expedition, After the diftri* - Young Scoun- LC thePrifoncRl pmen or Girlcs. the prefent is etch mould die, ler Father, her ig no Slaves to iQ Dead, itl)^ ler out of hand. I poor Slave has |in his lifetime, to a Woodpile, :he difmal Tor- cer 5 and fome- ierrible. But it e it appear that lent themfelves ithe Woman or jrslife (which :he hand j and after ^':- •Ai- ■* ; <:i. 1 > 'i'. ' ■ ■.<■, i ■■■'■■Jh:. .: ^ • > 1 ' .1 A V , 'J, .■^■.•■>', ■■ »• .,•■ *- ■ '. »»►- M» . ■A'V.'V'k' U ^ ^ y;. vM.'S^' .vi.^' IT ' • • /■./. X /'. ' ■■,,■■'. >-«' 't'^U V.V. ^ Berv A Club .'all'cl Cajfe-Ute ., " • » *^^ - « ..-U:i^:.- att-Arrotv : If ^Javaae taken in rvar and burtitbtj fw JEitemieJ -J crifentr /^at :cnd£rniv to death t thatis qxvcn her K I -'!■■* f'-»; i ■ ^ IV o man t/uli guiu\ avi/cjui' lite Sai/ctfftj returniixc/ t9 i^rth-Axtimeiu Si nctctmv to death }\ after cdnduding him imotfaeHnt^ cuts his Bond! and orders him Cloaths^ Anns^ Viduals and Tct ASayofc uirrtanjij laktmet ^f peace ant/aantiruf "' m * nttrt itn - ^ 7^/7^ CcUuinet aance . < • -#WU«u. — i!>*»'S^'>'*!t:. w^^.%\i$ji«.y f.^- \ •■: ,:A*J>>rf ^^ f : $rnn 4" ,.« ; ■'*^l ^H^^;l^ilM. f-;' ;i*i g n P i)< in Of Pi kt £n toe as , ter. ^••n. '■ ;#.• «U tJ; 'I- m--^ ;^^ •*;!« to Jj&rih'Amttkz^ h P»)p6r&) to the Enetnies. Theie Ccmmifltoneii go tometimes by Land^ and ibtnetitnes in Ca- nows, and alway$ carry the great Calumet" 6S. Peace in their Hand^ much after the iame man- ner as a Cornet carries his Standard, I fet forth in my Seventh Letter what a profound Venerati* on all the Savages of Canada have for this famous Pipe. There was not one Inftance of their Vio^ lating the Sacred Rights of this Pipe befere the Embaffy of Chevalier Do, at which time they cook occafion to revenge the Bufinefs of the Ratj^ as I gave you to know in my Seventeenth Let- ter. If t|ie ^o . I i^t'ikt- A* "■fi^,. ♦f^' to Kcrth^Amctiail 9j Years, as if they were Grav'd^ without beii^ defac'd by the Rain. This they do to give all Pailangen to under- Hand what Eipknts they have done. The Armi for the Nation, and fometimes a particular Mark for the Leader of the Party, are p^ted in Co- lours u^n thefe ftrip*d Trees ; and for that rea- fon 'twil not be improper to fnbjoin a De^ripti* on of em. The five Outawafe Nations have a SmofU or Green !Field, with four Elks in Sable Canton*d« and Iqoking to the four Corners of the Efcutcln eon, there being a heap of Sand in the mid« die. The Hmtfe bear a Beech Leaf with a Butterfllsr Argent. The NaJoueff$f or Seiewc have a Squirrel Ci^<, gnawing a Citron Or. The HttroHs bear a Beaver Sable, fet fquat upoa a Beaver Kennel Argent, the midfl of a Pool or Lake. The Ontagamh bear a Meadow Sinople, cro&'d by a winding River Pale, with two Foxes Gules at the two Extremities or the River, in Chief an4 Point. The PouteoMtamis call'd Puatrts bear a Dog in Argent, fleeping upon a Mat ^ Or. Thefe l^o^ pie obferve the Rules of Blazoning lefi than the odier Nations. The Oumamis have a Bear Sable, pulliiig down with his two Paws a Tree Sinople moiiy, and I laid along the Efcutcheon. The Oueabifoues^ call'd Sauteursy have an Ea- gle Sable, pearching upon the top of a Rock Argent, and devouring an Owl GuUs. ?^l h V 11' ! i i(S Stmt New Vitfa^ > .« II lltll u j«i BMicath^ of 'the Hknghfhkks mt , jr^»^ ojlpifite Uibe 'fJetters A B'C JXJB. 'F G HJX 'Uliiipldc'Ji at the fiJe of aC$^\ . htHM riprefenting the Foot of a fyffoi^i\ Tree, TF we take the Word Hkrogfypbick in its nam* -1 ral Senfe^ 'tisofl|y a Reprefentatioii dF Si>| 'cried and Di^eObje^^ Calculated, acoorr to the Ideas we have of 'em. But without regahl ^o the Etjmlology^ I chbofe ratltdr make ufe of the common Priviledge of ^an-^ nity of Authors, in beftowing the Title of' ~ roglyphick Symbols upon all theie 'Figures xoritlpond tb the fbllowing^ Letters. A. Oppofice to this -Letter you fee the of France, with an Ax above. Now the Ax i ^a Symbol of War :am6ng the Savages, as Calumet is the Bond of Peace : So that this it ports, that the Frjf»ffi& have taken up the At, have made a Warlike Expedition with asntd tens of Men ^s there are Marks or Potnts rout the Figure. Thcfe Marks you fee are Ei{ teen in number, and fo they (ignifie an Hii 4red and eighty Warriors. B, Over againft this Letter you meet with Mountain that reprefents the City of Mo»m (according to the Savages)and the Fowl upon Wing at the top fignifies Departure. The Moc upon the Back of the Stag fignifies the fif Quarter of the July Moon, which is call'd Stag'Moon, C. OpF ^ ^ ■rsrr ^ \ »■*• * - — t ^ ^■■>«-^^« ■nHUfcjt ri ijL -. ._. •>«, to J&it^A»crici C. Opppfi^^ to jChU jLqtur you isSm a Ca- flow^ iipportins that chey have irayeU by Wa- ter as many Pays as you ftc Huu in the Figure, 4, t. ai Pay«. p. VpQfi the rf^e paraU<^l with this Letter you fee a Foot^ importing that after their Voy« agp by Water they march'a oio foot as many Days as there are Huts defign'd ; that b, feven Daya Journpy^s for Warriors^ each Days Joi^rney being as much as fire common French Leagues, or fif o of thofe which are recHoii'd .to be twen^ in a Degree. v. ^. By this Letter you perceive a llii4, ^^4 three Huts, which fignifie that they are §ffmiAr 4p three Day* Jpurney of the ^^/ga j ii ^te * iMff/, whofe Arms are a Hut with two Trea •I^anitig downwards, as you fee them drawn*' Thie pim.imports that they were juft to the £aft« wai^ of the Village : For .you muft obferve, that if they ihad march'd to the Weftward the Arms of tKefe ^vages had been plac'd where the iHaiid fV» and the Hand had been turn'd and piac*d where you now fee the Hut with the two Tfces. F. Oppofite to this Letter you perceive twelve Marl^9 ^gnifying fo many times ten Men, like thofe at the Letter y^. The Hut with the two Trees !|>eMig the Arms of the Tfitmontouans Shews that theiy were of that Nation ; and the Man in , a lyimg poflure fp^ks that they were furpris'd. G. In the row which anfwers to this Letter there appears a Club s^tld eleven Heads, import- u^ that they had kill'd eleven Tfinnentouans, and f the five Men ftandipg upright upon the five Marl^ fignifie, that they topk as many times ten iPrifoaers of War. Ff4 H. Oppo- •■■' nil n S(mi€ f /I* el |r An Aiai5 thi meaning of which is^ thitl^ .0f the A^refibrfior of the Vidloriousfide (Which Ifuppotedto htFrmcb) were kiird f and di^ CweWe Matks underneath fignifie that as many were Wounded. .j.^m**.^-, '^ ,.-.^-«;U:*,., ,...:' J. Oppofite to this Letter you fee Arrows fly* ing in the Air^ feme to one fide and fome to the other, importing a vigorous Defence on both fides. K. At this Letter YOU fee the Arrows all point- ed one way, which i^aks the wprfted Party ei- ther flying or flgfadttg upon a Retreat in dif- order. ' ■ ■.^'••f^^Ki-^ ^^xv. The meaning of the whole is in a few Words as follows. An Hundred and eighty French Men iet out from Mmreal in the flrft Quarter of the July Moon, and fail'd twenty one DAyii after which they march'd thirty nve Leagues over Land and furprisd ahunuredand twenty 7]^ nmtoiums on the Eaft fide of their Village, eleven of whom were Kill'd, and fifty taken Prifoners: the French fuilaining the lofs of nine Kill' d and twelve Wounded, after a very obiii- nate Engagement. ^' • ' This may ferve to prompt you and me to re- 1 turn thanks to God for vouchfafing to us the means of exprefling our Thoughts by the bare ranking of twenty three Letters, and above all of Writing in leJs than a Minute a DIfcourfe that the Americans cannot Decypher with their impertinent Hieroglyphicks in the fpace of anj Hour. Though the number of thofe dark Sym* l>61s is of no large extent^ yet 'tis very perplex- ing to an European ; for which Reafoh I have I contented my fclf in learning only fuch of 'eml as are moit £j9!€htial; the knowledge of which ^tu ^ . ' - lowq t^'ur^'"' ■ ■ ''■ tMnfma $p I owr^ to Keceffitv more than Curioficy. Ie6iild 2^ you others that are as extravagant as theib tliow fend you i but confidering that they will j» of no ttie to you^ Idioofe^ to five my felf the labour of drawing them upon Faper^ and you the trouble of lookmg 'em over. »^ ^^-w -\.:^^^,.,jr 4' ^..-W-v. .-^i .'•. ..V, .>. » ,*. : ,. A >.j„,-' f ■ - •' ."!''' ::ilamy Sir, ■^i-ftm' y V » : >>" ■ ^Um, "^ t ■•-i:)W -J^^.:: i ''O ^V^'.i) V .■} ;.v;: 1 J -' ' '■ ' fit? '*■'.■»"•-. ■* i;' ' MiJ II i li'li* iii' Wti Ml % fv ^^^ r m i 'i*' 1, » I'fiit)^ /i •■' *ilm.vf-' ''--i^c^Ui ^Wf^' ^^-.fj'^rvl'fv- - ; m •■' » 1 ■ > ■ ■ " > I I » • CONFERENCE I' -. OR DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE JVTHOR and JT> J RIO, t? A Noted Man among the SAVAGES. CONTAINING J Ctrcumjiantial View of the Cufioms ani\ ; ., . Humours of that people. LaboH" tan. Am infinitely well pleas'd, my dear Mario, that I have an opporturity of reafoning with you upon a Sut jei HI •k^^'lLli. „ ., . . Ikt», 5^4* Sowe New Foyages' Ipdg*d with the Great Spirit above tha 3^/ or the Fate of the bad ones that (hall burn for ever in the Centre of the Earth t Thou canft not but charge God with Tyranny^ ifthour beUeveft that he Created but one fmgle Man^ with intent to render him eternally Miferable amidft th9 Flames in the Centre of the Earth. I know you'll pretend^ that the Holy Scriptures provo that Great Truth : But granting it to be fo, then the Earth muft be of eternal Duration ; which the Jefuits deny. That flaming Place muft therefor© ceafe to be, when the Earth comes to be con- fum'd. BefidcSj how canft thou imagine, that the Soul which is a pure Spirit, a thoufand times fub- tiler and lighter than Smoak ,* how canft thou imagine, I iay, that this airy Being Ihould move CO the Centre of the Earth, contrary to its na- tural tendency ? 'Tis more likely, it JhouldmounI upwards and fly to the Sun, where you may fix that fiery place more reafonably ; efpecially con^ fidering that this Star is much bigger, and infi* nitely more hot than the Earth. Labontan, Hark ye me, my dear Atlarlo^ th^ Blindnefs is fcrew'd up to an extremity, and i!ie hardnefs of thy Heart makes theereje<5t this Faith and thefe Scriptures ,* the truth of which doei eafily appear, if one would but lay afide Preju- dices : For you have nothing to do but to call your Eye upon the Prophecies contain'd in the Sacred Pages ; which beyond all difpute werU Written before they cnme to pafs. This Sacreil Hiftory is confirm'd by Heathen Authors, and by the Monuments of preatefl: Antiquity, and thoft the moft unconcefted tliat pall Ages c.in afford Believe me, if thou vvoulcill but refleift upon tU manner in which the Religion of jefm Chrif was Eftablifli'd inthe World,and the Change thai it wrought : if thuu hadil but a luft view of the Cha- t$ North-Amctki. «5 Charafters of Truth, Sincerity and Divinity that 0iine in the Scriptures: In a word^ if thou didft but enter into the particulars of our Religion jj, tiiou wouldft fee and be fenfiF^le, that its Dod-^ rines and Precepts, its Promifes and Threats, ar^ not chargeable with any abfurdity ; nor with any ill dedgn, or any thing that runs contrary to oui: natural Sentiments : And that nothing is more fuitable to right Reafon, and the Principles of C^nfcience. Adam, This is the fame Stuff that the Jefuits have had up above a hundred times. They will have it, that fome five or fix thoufand years ago, all that is fmce come to pafs, was then unchanpe* ably decreed. They lay down the way in which the Heavens and the Earth were Created ; and tell you, that Man was made of the Duf^ of the Earth, and the Woman outof oneof his Ribs, as if Goa had not made her of the fame Stuff; that I a Serpent temjj^ted this Man in a Garden of Fruit- I Trees to eat ok an Apple, which was the bccafi- lon that the Great Spirit put his own Son to Death, on purpofe to fave all men. If I fhoula fay that thele advances have a greater appearance [of fabuloufnefs than of truth, you would clofe I upon me with Reafons fetched from your Hble : But according to your own words, this Scrip- iture of yours had not always a Being ; the in- I vention of it bears the date of fome three thou- ifand years ago ^ and 'twas not Printed till with- in thefe four or five Centuries. Now, confider- ing the divers events that come round in the Iccurfe of feveral Ages, one muft certainly be [Very credulous in giving credit to io many idle Stories as are huddled up in that grcAt Book that the Chriitians would have us to believe. I have feen fome of the Books that the Jejuits Writ of our Country ^ and thofc who knew how to read- it! ' *■', 5^ Some NewVofo^ef *em, enplidn'd to tat the fenfe of 'em la tEtf L^guage that I fbeak ; but I lound they con- tain'd an infinity of Lyes and Fi^ons heip'd up one above another. Now^ if We fee with onr eyes that Lyes are in Print, and tliat things are not reprefented in Paper as they really are ; how can you prefs me to believe the Sincerity of your Bible that was Writ fo many Ages ago^ and Tranflated out of feveral Languages by ignoram Men that could not reach the juft Senfe^ or by Lyars who have alter d, interpolated^ or pared the Words you now read. I could mention f^ veral other Objetflions^ which iii the end will perhaps influence thee in forae meafure^ to own tfiat I have fome reafon to confine my Belief to liich thmgs as are vifible and probable. "Labmtan, Poor Adario, I have laid before theeji the certainty and evidence of the Ghriftian Rcul ligion ; but inflead of being convinced, thoii look'ft upon my Proofs as Chimerical^ and offer- eft the moft foolifh Reafons in the World; Yod I quote the Falfhoods Written in the Accounts 41 your Country that you have feen ,• as if the Je»f luits who Writ 'em could hot have beeiiimpoi'dl upon by thofe who fupplied them with fuch Me< moirs. You muft confider, that thefe Defcrip^l tions of Canada are Bawbles that cannot com into the Ballance with the Books that treat ofl Sacred things; fuch things as a hundred differeotl Authours have Writ of, without contradi^] one another. ' Adario, How do you mean, without contrac^SA mg one another ? Why ! That Book of Holjfj Things, is not it full of Contradictions ? Thet Gofpels that the Jefiiits fpeak of, do not they oA calion difcord between the French and the />»J*r /i/Zr ? And yet if we take your word for it, eve-j ]ry Period of that Book fprung from the Mourt » Norti-Amatica^ P. of the Great Spirit. But if the Gre^t Spirit mean'd that his Words /hould be underftood> why did he talk fo confufedly. and cloath his Words with an ambiguous Senle ? One or two. things itiuft follow from this advance^ If he was bom and died upon the Earthy and made fpeech<- es here, why. then his difcourfes mud be loft ^ for he woula certainly have fpoke fo diftindly and plainly, that the very Children might con- ceive his meaning. Or, if you will have the > Gofpels to be his genuine Words, and contain nothing but what flow'd from him,* why, then he muft have come to raife Wars in the World iiiftead of Peace ; which cannot be. The Eng- \l^ have told me that tho' their Gofpels contain Ithe fame Words with the Frencby yet there** as ;reat a difference between their Religion and ^Qurs, as between Night and Day. They fay )fitively that their's is the beft: j and on the o-* [her hand, the Jefuits allege, that the Religion pf the Engiijh, and of a thouland Nations befidesj [s good ior nothing. If there be but one true leligion upon Earth, who muft I believe in thi^ afe? Who is it that do's not take their ownReii* ion to be the moft perfed7How can theCapaci- [y of Man be able to fmgle out that Divine Reli- ^on from amongft fo many more, that lay claim y the fame Title? Believe me, my dear Btsh icr, the Great Spirit is Wife, all his Works ar6 :rfedt ; 'tis he that made us^ and he knows per- ;6lly well what will become of us. 'Tisour ►art to ac^ freely , without perplexing our loughts about future things. He order'd thee be Born in France y with intent that thou louldeft believe \vhat thou neither feeft norcon- eiveft ,• and me he has caus'd to be Born a Hh- CO the end that I fhould give credit to nb- Mng but what I underftand, and what my rea- f>n teaches me. G g /,- Ah - 101 Some N9» Voyages \ M^ria, Hitherto diou proveft nochiog t and the more 1 hrt the pretended Incarnation, I find it chc leis probable. What ! To think that thii GrcAt and Inconiprchenftblc Beingi the Creator of the Earthy ot the Seas, and oi this Tall ]pir< mament, Hiould be capable of debafing himfelf fo (ar, a« to lye nine Months Prifoner in the Bowels of a Woman, and expofe himfelf to the ;aiferable Life of his Fellow Sinners, that Writ the Books of your (Sofpel: to be Beaten, WhipU and Cf ucify'd like an unhappy Wretch ,* this, I fay, is what can't enter into my thoughts. Tis written, that he can>e upon the Earth on pW' pofe to die there, and with the fame Breath 'ti^ laid that he was afraid to die. This implies j) Contradii^ion two ways. In the hrft place, ij his dcjiign was to be Born, in order to die, he ought not to have dreaded death ,* for, what if the ground of the fear of death ? The dread oi death proceeds from this, that one do's not know wlut will become of 'em when they depart thit Li^e. But he was not unacquainted with tiK place he was bound for, fo that he had no reafoa to be afraid. You know very well tliat we anil our Wives Poyfon our felvcs frequently, in orier CO keep one another Company in the Regions ol the dead, when one or t'other is fnatch a away. So you fee plainly the lofs of Liie does not fcare us, tho' at the fame time, we are not certaiif what courfe our Souls will fteer. What anfwci canft the^ give me upon this Head ? In a fecoflj place j Since the Son of the Great Spirit was ii^ vefted with a Power equal to that of his fa- ther ,* he had qo occafion to pray his Father to (avchis Liic, in regard that he was able to guarj off Death by his own Power ,• and that in praV; |ng to his Father he pray'd to himfelfl As loi| my part, my dear Brother^ I can} have any n(>| til to Nb^^fc- America^ 1 61^ cion of ^vtijit thou wouldeft havo tat to Con- ceive. Lghontan. I find you Were in the right oF it \n telling me but now, that your capacity would not reach an inch above the furface of the Earths Your way of Reafoning is fuflicient Proof of your Aflertion. Now tkst I have heard this, I do not think it ftrange that the Jefuits have {o much trouble in Preaching to you, ^nd gmng you to underftand the Sacred Truths. I play the fool in reafoning with a Savage, that is not oapable of diftinguilhing a Chimerical Suppo- fition from a certain and a Handing Principle, or a Confequence well drawn from a f^lfe Inference. To gtve you an inftance. When you fpake of this truth, that God was Willing to lave aH men, and at the fame time that they are but feW who are fav'd ; you charg'd a Contradi<5i;ion upon it, I and at the ^me time there's no fuch tiling in the I cafe : For he defires to fave all men that wifh I their own Salvation, by obferving his Law and his Precepts ,• that is, fuch as believe his Incar- nation, the truth of the Gofpels, the rewards provided for the Good, the punimments prepa- red for the Wicked, and a State of Futurity. But in regard that few fuch wiH be found, all the reft are doom'd to the everlafting Flames of Ithat Fire that you make a jeft of. Take care you [are not one of the latter Clafs. If it (hould hap- )en fo, 'twould be a great trouble to me, becaufe thou art my Friend. You will not fay then, that the Gofpel is cramm'd with Contradidions id Chimxra's ,• you will not then require grofs *rocfs for all the Truths I have laid before you i you'll repent in earneft of having branded our Evangelifts for weak and filly Tale-tellers. But, ^he worft is, \will then be too late. Prithee, unk of all this, and be not fo very obftinate ; G g 4 for. 1 04 Some New Foyages for^ in earneft, if thou doft not yield to the un« conteftable Reafons that 1 produce for our Myfte- lies, I will never fpeak to thee as long as I live. Mario, Ha ! my Brother, do not trouble thy head 3 I do not pretend to provoke thee by oi- fering my Reafons. I do not hinder thee to be- lieve the Gofpels : I only beg the favour that thou*lt fufier me to doubt the truth of all the Advances thou haft made. Nothing can be more natural to the Chriftians than to believe the Holy Scriptures, upon the account, that from their In- fancy they have heard fo much of 'em, that in imitation of fo many People Educated in the fame Faith, they have 'em fo much Imprinted upon their Imagination, that Reafon has no far- ther influence upon their Minds, they being al- ready prepoiTefs'd with a firm belief of the trutli of the Gofpels. To People that are void of Pre- judice, fuch as the Hurqns, there's nothing fo reafonable, as to examine things narrowly. Now, after frequent reflexions for the courfe of tep i years upon what the Jefuits Preach'd of the Life ^nd Death of the Son of the Great Spirit, I ^uft tell you, that all my Hurons will give thee fourty reafons to the contrary. As for my own part* I have always maintain'd that if 'twere poflible that the Great Spirit had been fo meai],| as to defcend to the Earth, he had (hewn him- felf to all the Inhabitants of the Earth i he hai|l dcfcended in Triumph, and in publick view, with! Splendour and Majefty • he had rais'd the dead,. j-eftor'd fight to the blind, made the larne to walk upright, cur'd all the difeafes upon the Earth: In 6ne, he had fpoke and commanded all that he hdd a mind to have done_, he had gone from Nation to Nation to work thefp great Miracles, 4; and ,to give the fame Laws to f he whole Wo/ldl * Ii3£| 114 Some New Voyages and rob the Earth of the Corn that feeds 'em, in regard that they convert it to no ufc, accoi- ding to your Principles. A fecond Crime that they are guilty of confifts in violating their Oath ( which they do but too commonly ) and nu- king a Jeft of their Word and Promifes to the Great Spirit. This Crime draws on one or two more, whether in Converfing with young Wo. men or with other Men's Wives. I? they keep Company with Girles, 'tis manifeft that by Dih ! flownng 'era they rob 'em of what they can n^ ver return j I mean,they rob 'em of that Flower, which the French have fuch an itch to gather themfelves when they Marry, and which thef look upon as fo valuable a Treafure^ that a Robbery of that Nature is reckon'd a Crime of the hig heft demerit. Another Crime they an guilty of confifts in ufmg the abominable {»& caution of doing things by halves to prevent Ii»| pregnation. If they court the Embraces «{l Married Women^ they ftand accountable for dvl Adultery,and for the Injury that the Woman dodl to her Husband. Farther ; the Children fpritfil ing from thofe Adulterous Embraces are RotHl bers and Interlopers^ that live upon the Means o(| a pretended Father and half Brethren. In a iii| place, they are chargeable with the unlawful prophane Methods that they uke to ftifle tli Brutifh Paflion ; for they being the Perfons tii Preach your Gofpel, they give a quite differcii turn to things in private to what they do pa lickly, or elfc they could never find a Salvo 1 their Libertinifm which the Vulgar take foil Crime. Thou art fenfible, my Friend, thatl fpeak juftly upon the Point, and that in Ba I have feen fome of thefe Black Priefts would not hide their Talent under their wheii they came into the Company of Womel Qi to J^rth-AxacticA. 'T Give me leave^ my dear Brother^ to tell thee once more chat 'tis impoilible for thefe Men to be without the Converfation of Women at a certain Age, and far lefs to be free from amorouf I Thoughts. As for that Refiftance and thofe vi- Igorous Efforts thou fpeak'ft of, that's but a frivo* lous and poor Plea, as well as their idle pre- tence of avoiding the Teniptation by being Imew'd up in a Convent. If Convents are An- Iddotes againft Temptation, why do you fuficr jthe young Prieds and Monks to Confefs Maids ' Married Women ? Is that the way to avoid Temptation ; or is it not rather a plain con- rirance for a haadfome Opportunity ? What ian in the World can hear the Amorous In- rigues of the confefling Ladies, without being Tranfported, efpecially if he oe one of thoic M injoy Health, Youth and Strength, who |?e without Fatigue or Working, and who en- iQrage Nature with the moil Nourifhing Li- |aors and Food, feafon'd with I do not know 9W many Drugs and Spices, that are fuflicienc inflame the Blood without any other Provo**^ tion ? For my part, after a due Confiderati- 1 of thefe Articles, I (hall not think itftrange there be not io much as one Ecclefiaftick in ^e Paradife of the Great Spirit. And pray^ Dw have you the Confidence to maintain that is Cattel turn Monks and Priefts in order to nd Sin, when you know they are addid^ed all manner of Vice ? I have been informed French Men of very good Senfe,that thofe who Iter into Priefts or Monks Orders among you, have no other view than to live at their eafi^^ fchout the fatigue of Work, and without the dif-^ aicting fears ot dying for Hunger or bei«^ ob- *'d to venture their Lives in the Army, h yod iuld have your Priefts good Men, hc\ ought H h 1 to Mil ii6 Some New Voyages tb be all Married^ and to live with their ^^ fpedtive Families ,• or elfe they (hould be all a- bove Sixty Years of Age. Then indeed they might Confefs, Preach and vifit Families without Scruple, and Edifie all the World by their Ex- ample. Then, I fay, 'twould not be in their Power to feduce Maids or married Women- their Age and their Condudt would fpeak them Wife, Moderate and Confiderate,* and at the fame time the Nation would fuftain no lofsby their being fet apart for Divine Service, in re- gard that after Sixty Years of Age they are nof fit for Warlike Exploits. ,' Labontan. I told you before, that you ouM not to charge the whole World with the Mifef meanours of a few. 'Tis true there are foiM who take upon 'em Monks or Priefts Orden, with no other deHgn than to fubfill handfoiiirithee, tell me whether this Englfjh Chriftiaii .poke the truth, or not. Labontan. The unfolding of this queftion wouli] run me out to fo wide a compafs of things, thit I Ihould not have done , not in fifteen days, The Jefuits will fatisfie you upon that point m\ ter than I can pretend to. However ill take die liberty to fay one thing, namely : That the £«^|i Man rally'd and jeer'd while he mentioned ioine things that were true. He had a great dealofl reafon to perfuade you that thofe of his Reli^J on, did not depend upon the Pope for their H\ ilage to Heaven, becaufe that lively Faith whiili| you and I fpoke of before, conduds 'em thittel without any regard to that holy Man. The Soul of God is willing to fave all the EngUfli by lis Blood and Merits. And thus you fee that thejl are happier than the French^ of whom God bl requir'd good Works that they fcarce ever miiiij and who are doom'd to everlafting Flames, ij their evil Adions run counter to the abovemen-l tion'd ^Commandments of God ,• tho' at thefaittj time, bjth they and we are of the fame Pahli As to the fecond flaming place, which we cal Turgatory, they are exempted from the neceft of parting thro' it ,• becaufe they'd rather choc' to continue upon Earth thro' all the Ages of] ternity without vifitfng Paradife, than toBmJ to North'Ammcz. ti for fome thoufands of years by the way. They 9re (o tender upon this point of Honour^ that they'll never accept of any Prefent at the pur- chafe of bearing fome Baftinadoes. According to their Notions of things^ they do not take a man to be oblig'd by the giving him Mony and hard Ufage at the fame time : This is rather an affront in their way. But the French, who are leis nice upon the point ; they take it for a migh- ty favour, that they're allowed to burn for an infinity of Ages in Vurgatory, upon the apprehen- I fion that by that means^ they will be better ac- Quainted with the true value of Heaven. Now tor «as much as the Pope is the Creditor of the \lriglifi , and demands Reftitution of his own, they are far from asking his Pardons ,* that is^ his PalTporjs fo, 'jmoving to Heaven without touch- ling at Turg, ^ for if they did, he would order I em a Pafs tc Uiatfort of Hell, which they pre- [tend was never made for 'em. But we French Folks that pay him good round Annuities, being ac- quainted with his Wonder-Working Power, and laneded with a fenfe of our Sins againil God ; [we, I fay, that lye under fuch Circumftances, buii: of neceflity have recourfe to the Indulgen« Ices of that holy Man, in order to obtain a Par- Idon that he has Power to grant ; for if one of us [be Condemn'd to lye forty years in Purgatory be- Iforeheis remov'd to Heaven, why, 'twill coft [the Pope but one Word to get the Sentence Re- Ivers'd. In fine, to repeat once more what I faid fcefore, the Jefuits will inform you admirably |WeIl, of the Authority and Power of the Pope, md of the State of P«r^^/ory. Adario. I am at a lofs to know how t6 form a liftind Idea of the difference between you and [the Englijh. as to the point of Belief,* for the [more I endeavour to have it fet in a clearer light, H h 4 th« ii 1 1 o Some Kew Voyages the Ids light I find. To my mind^ the beft way £br all oiyou is to agree upon tliis conclufion ; That the Great Spirit has beftow'd upon all Men, a Light fufiicient to {hew 'em what they ought to doy without running the rifque of being imposed upon : For I have heard that in each of theiir diiTcrent Religions^ there's an infinite number of Perfons of different Opinions. To inflance in y our Religion ,• every religious Order maintains certain Points that the reft do not^ and obfervei as great a diversity in their Inftitutions as in their Habits. This makes me think that in Eurofe eve- ry particular Man forms a peculiar Religion to himfelf^ which differs from that which he out- wardly profeffes. As for my own part, I firmly believe that Men are not capable of knowing; what the Great Spirit requires of 'em ; and I eaii't difTuade my felf from believing, that fince the Great Spirit is fo juft and fo good^ 'tis impof' fible that his Juftice fhould render the Salvation of Mankind fo difficult, as that all of 'em fhould be Damn'd that are not retainers to your Religi- on, and that even few of the ProfefTors of it fhould be admitted into Paradife. Believe me, my Friend ; the other World goes upon a lay that's quite different from what we have in this. Few Ptople know what paffes there : All m knowledge amounts only to this ,• That we Bo- rons are not the Authours of our own Creation, that the G'^eat Spirit has vouchfaf'd us an honei Mould, vJhile Wickednefs neflles in yours ; and that he fends you into our Country, in order to have, an opportunity of Correding your Faults, and following our Example. Purfuant to tWj Principle , my Brother, thou may'fl believe as long as thou ^ilt, and have as much Faith «| thou haft a mind to : But after all, thou fhaltne* ver fee the good Country of Souls, unlefs thouj turn'll to Nortfc-America. 12 t turn ft Huron, The Innocence of our Lives, the* Love we tender to our Brethren, and the Tran- quility of Mind which we injoy in contemning the meaiures of Intereft : Thefe, I fay, are three things that the Great Spirit requires of all Men in General. We pradife all thefe Duties in our Villages, naturally ,• while the Europeans defame, kill, fob, and pull one another to pieces, in their Towns. The Europeans have a ftrong mind to Inherit a Place in the Country of Souls, and yet they never think of their Creator, but when they difpute with the Hurons. Fare well, my deaj^ Brother j it grows late : I'll now retire to my Hutt, in order to recoiled all the advances thou haft made, that I may call *em to mind to mor- row, when I come to reafon the Point with the Jduits. ;■ . .. v.^,,'j.'-- . rM.i^- /.■^■•;^^ , ■ s -* • Of Laws, Labon-'T'KT Ell, my Friend ,• thou haft heard tan, V \ what the Jefuit had to fay ,• he has fet matters in a clear light, and made 'em much plainer than I could do. You fee plainly there's a great difference between his Arguments and mine. We Soldiers of Fortune have only a fu- pcrftcial knowledge of our Religion, tho' indeed we ought to know it better ; but th.e Jefuits have Study'd it to that degree, that they never fail of converting and convincing the moft obftinate Infidels in the Univerfe. Adario, To be free with thee, my dear Bro- ther , I could fcarce underftand one tittle of what he meant, and I am much miftaken if he underitands it himfelf. He has repeated the ve-^ lit Some New Foyages ly fame Arguments a hundred times in my Hutt; and you might have obferv'd^ that yefterday I anfwer'd above twenty times, that I had heard his Arguments before upon feveral occafions. But, what I take to be moft ridiculous^ he teazes me every minute to get me to interpret his Argu- ments, word for word, to my Countrymen ,• up- on the Plea that a Man of my Senfc may (ind out in his own Language, more figniBcant terms, and render the meaning of his Words more In- telligible, than a Jefuit who is not throughly MalVer of the Huron Language. You heard me tell him, that he might Baptife as many Chil- dren as he pleas'd, tho' at the fame time he could not give me to know what Baptifm was. He may do what he pleafes in my Village ,* let him make Chriftians, and Preach, and Baptife if h^ will ,• I ihall not hinder him. But now, methinks, we have had enough of Religion, let us thete- fore talk a little of what you call Laws ; for you know that we have no fuch Word in our Lan- guage ,• tho' at the fame tinie, I apprehend the force and importance of the Word, oy vertue of the explication I had from you t'other day, tdge* ther with the examples you mention d, to make me conceive what you meant. Prithee tell mCj are not Laws the fame as juft and reafonabh Things ? You fay they are. Why then, to ob- ferve the Law, imports no more than to obferve the meafures of Reafon and Juftice : And at this rate you muft take juft and reafonable things in another fenfe than we do ,* or if you take 'em in the fame fenfe, 'tis plain you never ob' ferve 'em: Lahontan, Thefe are fine Diftinc^ions indeed, you pleafe your felf with idle Flams. Haft not thee the Senfe to perceive, after twenty Years | Converfation with the Frtncb^ that what the Hu- '. : ront to North-Amcncii »»l rons call Reafon is Reafon among the Frtnc$» 'TIS certain that all Men do not obferve tho taws of Reafon^ for if they did there would be no occafion for PunifbmentSy and thofe Judges thou haft feen at Varis and ^ehec would be ob- iig'd to look out for another way of Living. But in regard that the good of the Society confifts in doing Juftice and tollbwing thefe Laws^ there's a necefficy of puni(hing the Wicked and reward- ing the Good ; for without that Precaution Mur- thers^ Robberies and Defamations would fpread every where, and in a Word, we fhould be the raoft miferatle People upon the Face of the Earth. '. , ., ,/;,; ,Z.--l. Mario. Nay, you are niiferable enough al- ready, and indeed I can't fee how you can be more fuch. What fort of Men muft the Europe- «)w be ? What Species of Creatures do they re- tain to ? The Europeans, who muft be forc'd to do Good, and have no other Prompter for the avoiding of Evil than the fear of Puniibment. Iflask'd thee, what a Man is, thou wouldft anfwer me, Hc*s a Frenchman, and yet I'll prove that your Man is rather a Beaver, For Man is hot intitled to that Charader upon the fcore of his walking upright upon two Legs, or of Read- ing and Writing, and (hewing a Thoufand other Mances of his Induftry. I call that Creature iMan, that hath a natural inclination to do Good, and never entertains the thoughts of do- ing Evil. You fee we have no Jtidgcs ,• and what's the reafon of that ? Why.? We neither 'Quarrel nor fue one another. And what's the reafon that we have no Law Suits ? Why ? Be- caufe we are refolved neither to receive nor to know Silver. But why do we refufe admiflion to Silver among us ? The reafon is this ,• We are refolv'd to have no Laws, for fince the World' ' was 124 Some New Voyages W4$ a WorM our Anceftors hVd happily whhou^. 'cm. In fine, as I intimated before, the Word Laws does not fignifie ju(t and reafonable things as you ufe it, for the Rich make a Jtft of 'eriij and 'tis only the poor Wretches that pay any re- gard to 'em. But, pray, let's look into theieLaws^ or reafonable things, as you call 'em. For thefe Fifty Years, the Governors of Canada have ftill alledg'd that we are fubjedfc to the Laws of theic great Captain. We content our felves in deny, ing all manner of Dependance, excepting that ppon the Great Spirit, as being born free and joint Brethren, who are all equally Matters ; Whereas you are all Slaves to one Man. We do' not put in any fuch Anfwer to you, as if the French depended upon us ; and the reafon of pur filence upon that Head is, that we have no mind to Quarrel. But, pray tell me, what Authority or Right is the pretended Superiority of your great Captain grounded upon ? Did we ever fell our felves to that great Captain ? Were we ever in France to look after you ? 'Tis you that came hither to find out us. Who gave you all the Countries that you now inhabit, by what Right do you poffefs 'em ? They always be* long'd to the Algonkins before. In earneft, my dear Brother, I'm forty for thee from the bottom of my Soul. Take my advice, and turn Hurmi for I fee plainly a vaft difference between thy Condition and mine. I am Mafter of my own Body, I have the abfolute difpofal of my felf, I do what I pleafe, 1 am the firft and the laft of my Nation, I fear no Man, and I depend only upon the Great Spirit : Whereas thy Body, as well as thy Soul, are doom'd to a d;epencjance u{>on thy great Captain ; thy Vice-Roy difpofes of thee ,• thou haft not the liberty of doing what thou haft a mind to ; thou'rt afFraid of Robbers, falfc to North'Atnmca. 25 falfe Witneffes, Affalfins, &c: and tliou dependeft upon an infinity of Perfons whofe Places have rais'd em above thee. Is it true, or not ? Are thefe things either improbable or invifible ? Ah ! my dear Brother^ thou feed plainly that I am in the right of it j and yet thou choofeft ra- ther to be a Fr€Kcb Slave than a free Huron, What a fine Spark does a Frenchman make with his One Laws, who taking himielf to be mighty VTife is alfuredlv a great Fool ; for as much as he continues in Slavery and a 0ate of Dependence, while the very Brutes enjoy that adoraole Liber- ty, and like us fear nothing but Foreign Ene-; niies. Lahontan, Indeed, my Friend, thy way of Rcafoning is as Savage as thy lelf I did not think that a Man of Senfe, who hath been in tirance and New England, would fpeak after that Falhion. Wliat benefit haft thou reap'd by ha- ving feen our Cities, Forts and Palaces? When thou talk'ft of fevere Laws, of Slavery, and a Thoufand other idle Whims, queftionlefs thou preacheft contrary to fhy own Sentiments. Thou takeft pleafure in difcanting upon the Felicity of the Huronsy a fet of Men who mind nothing but Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Hunting, and Fiflung j who have not the enjoyment 0} any pneConveniency of Life, who travd four Hun- dred Leagues on Foot to knock four Irotfuefe on the Head, in a Word, who have no more than the ftape of Men : Whereas we have our Con- veniences , our unbending Divexfions, and a Thoufand other Pleafures, which render the Mi- nutes of our Life fupportable. To avoid the lafli of thofe Laws which are fevere only upon wick- ed and criminal Perfons, one needs only to live honeftly, and offer Injuries to no man. Ailar'io, • . 'I • . 11(5 Some New Fey ages Aiario, Ay, my dear Brother, your being an honeft Man would not avail you ; if two falfe WitneiTes fwear againil you, you'll prefently fee whether your Laws are levere or not. Have not the Comturs Je Bois quoted me twenty inftances of Perfons that have been cruelly put- to death by the lafli of your Laws, whofe Innocence has appeared after their death ? What truth there is in their Relations, I do not pretend to i(now.> but 'tis plain tliat fuch a thing ma3r happen. I have heard 'em fay farther ( and indeed I had heard the fame thin^ in France before ) that poor innocent Men are Tortur'd in a moft horrible manner, in order to force *em by the violence of their Torment to a Confeflion of all that is charg'd upon 'em, and oftentimes more. What execrable Tyranny muft this be ! Tho' the ErtHch pretend to be Men, yet the Women are not exempted from this horrid Cruelty, no more than the Men ; both the one and the other choofe rather to die once than to die fifty times. And indeed they are in the right of it : Forif itfhould happen that by the influence of extraordinanf courage, they were capable of undergoing fuch Torments without confefling a Crime that they never committed ; what health, what manner of life can they enjoy thereafter ? No, no, my dear Brother, the black Devils that the Jefuits talk fo much 6f^ are not in the Regions where Souls burn in Flames, but in ^ebec and in Funet^ where they keep Company with the Laws, the &lie Witneirps, the Conveniencies of Life, the Cities, the FortreiTesand the Pleafures you fpoke of but now. Lahonttm, The Coureirrs de Bois and the other Sparks who told you fuch Stories, without ac* quainting you with the other Circumftances that they knew nothing of, are Block-heads that had bet- to Nor/t-America. »ir better have held their peace. Ill fee the wholo matter before thee, in its clear and natural co- lours. Suppofe, two falfe Witneffes depofe a- gainft a Man ; they are prefently put into two fcparate Rooms, where they can't fee or converfc with one another. Then they are examined one after another upon the Articles charg'd againft ihe Perfon Arraign'd^ and the Judges are of fuch tender Confciences, as to ufe their utmoft efforts to difcover whether one or both of 'em vary's, as to the Circumftances. If they happen to perceive any falfity in their depofitions, which I is eafily perceiv'd, they Sentence 'em to die with- out remidion. But if ic appears that they are fo far from contradicting, that they back one ano- ther, they are prefented before the Prifoner, to fee if he has any Objedion to make againft 'era^ and if he is willing to rely upon their Confcien- Ices. If he has nothing to opje^, and if the two WitneiTes Swear by the Great Spirit, that they fiw him Murder, Rob, &c. the Judges condemn him out of hand. As for Torture, 'tis never made ufe of^ but when there's only one Witnefs, whole Oath can't infer Death ,• for the Law which requires the Teftimony of two Men for a jfufficient Proof, looks upon the Atteftation of one but as half a Proof. But at the fame time, iyou muft remark that the Judges take all imagi- Inable Precaution to avoid the paiCng of an un- ijuft Sentence. I Adario, I'm e'en as wife as I was j for when all conies to all, the two falfe Witneffes have a per- fect good underftanding between themfelves, be- fore they are brought to the Bar, and they are not to feek for the Anfwers they are to make : W I find the depofition of one Scoundrel will >ut a Man to the Rack as well as that of an ho- ieft Man ; who in my Opinion do*s juOly for- i 1 18 Some New Voyages feic the Charadler of Honefty by fuch a depoHit- on, even when he has feen the Crime commie- tccl. The French are a fine fort of People, who are fo far from faving one another's Lives, like Brethren, that they refufe to do it when 'tis in their power. But, prithee, tell me ; what doft thou think of thefe Judges ? Is it true that fomc of 'em are fo ignorant as they are faid to be^ and that others are fo Wicked as to pronounce unjufl Judgments contrary to their own Confcii ences ; with 'ntent to favour a Friend, or to o- blige a Miftrefs or a great Lord, or to hook in Mony. I forefee thou It reply that the Allegati. on is falfe, and that Laws are )uft and reafonable things. But at the fame time, I know 'tis as true as that we are here ; for a Man that demands hk Eftate of another who is unjuftly poffefs'd of it, and makes the Innocence of his Caufe to appear as clear as the Sun-fliine ^ that very Man, I fay, I fhall never make anything of his Suit ,* if the great Lord, the Miftrefs, the Friend, and thil Mony bufmefs, fpeak on the Adverfary's behalf, to the Judges who are impower'd to decide the j Caufe. The fame is the -cafe of perfons Arraign'd for Crimes. Hal Long live tlEie Hurom ; who without Laws , without Prifons, and without Torture^ paft their Life in a State of Sweetncfi and Tranquility, and enjoy a pitch of Felicity to which the French are utter Strangers. We live quietly under the Laws of Inftind and innocent Condu<5):, which wife Nature has imprinted upoo I our Minds from our Cradles. We are all ofl one Mind ; our Wills, Opinions and Sentiment}] obferve an exa(5l Conformity ,• and thus wefpei our Lives with fuch a perfedl good underiland ing, that no Difputes or Suits can take place mongil us. But how unliappy are you in beii cxpos'd t,o the kfli of Laws, which your ignc ::-** rant,! to Nor/^ America. tip titit, unjuft^ and vicious Judges break in their private A^ons^ as well as in the Admiriiftration of their Offices ? Thefe are your juft and eaui* table Judges ,• who have no regard to Right j who make their Intereft the Standard of their ConduA, in the way of their Office ; who have nothing in view but the Inriching of themfelves i who are not acceflibie by any but the Dxmon oi Silver ; who never adminifter Juftice, but thro* a Principle of Avarice or Paffion ^ who give Countenance to Crimes, and fet afide Juftice and Honefty, in order to give a full range to Cheat- ing; Quarrelling, and the carrying on of tedi- lous Law Suits, to the abufe and violation of Oaths, and to an infinity of other Diforders. This is the practice of thefe doughty Aflertors of the fine Laws of the French Nation. Ubontan. I gave you to know before, that you ought not to give credit to all that every Fool whifpcrs in your Ear. You give Ear to Tome Blockheads that have not a tindure of Common nfe, and that fpread lies under the notion of ruths. Thefe bad Judges, that they fpeak of, re as uncommon as white Beavers ,* for 'tis a ueftion if (here are four fuch in all France, ur Judges are men that love Vertue, and have qIs to be fav'd as well as thee and I ; being in- efted with a publick Capacity, they are to an- Wer for their Condud before a Judg that has no efpeA to Perfons, and before whom the greateft onarch is no more than the meaneft Slave. here's fcarce any of thefe Men, who would ot choofe to die, rather than wound their Con« ience or violate the Laws. Mony is too bafe a *ctal to tempt *em, and Women warm 'em no ore than the Ice. Friends and great Lords ike lefs Impreffion upon their Minds, than the 'aves upon the Rocks. They curb Libertinifm, I i they I J o Some Kew Voyages they rcdrefs Difordcrs, and do Jufticc :o all that Sue for it j without the Icaft regard to what we call Intcrelh As for my own part, I have loft my whole Eftate by being caft in three or four Law-Suits at Paru ; but I would be loth to be- lieve that the Judges .".re in fault, notwithftand- ing that my Adverfaries found both Mony and Friends to back bad Caufes. 'Twas the Law that gave it againit me, and I take the Law to be jult and reafonable, imputing my furprize up- on the matter, to my unacquainteanefs with that Sfcudy. Adario, I proteft I don't underftand one word of what thou haft faid ^ for I know the contra- ry of what thou fayeft to be true, and thofe who ihform'd me fo of the Judges are Men of undi- fputed Honour and Senfe. But if no body had given me any fuch Information, I am not fo dull Pated as not to fee with my own Eyes, the In- juftice of your Laws and your Judges. I'll tell chee one thing my dear Brother ; I was a going one day from Varis to VerfaiUes^^ and about hallj way, I met a Boor that was a going to be Whipt for having taken Partridges and Hares with Traps. Between RtfcAtf/ andPtfWj, I faw another that was Condemned to the Gaily 's for havinga little Bag of Salt about him. Thefe j)Oor Menj were punifh'd by your unjuft Laws, for endcfrj vouring to get Suftcnance to their Families ,• au| time when a Million of Women were got Child in the abfencc of their Husbands, wh the Phylicians Murder'd three fourths of the Pi pie, and the Gamefters reduc'd their Families a Starving Condition, by lofing all they hadi the World ,• and all this with Impunity. If thinf go at this r.ite, where are your juft and reafoi able Laws: where are thofe Judges that havei Soul to be Sav'd as well as you and I ? After tf yoB all that ) what we [ have loft 2C or four ioth to bc- ivithftand- Mony and ,5 the Law the Law to ■urpri7X up- sfs with that id one word ' the contW" id thole who len of undi- no body bad .mnotfodull Eyes, the lu- ges. I'll tell 1 was a going nd about halt to be WhiptI . Hares with I faw another s for havingij lefe poor Meal rs, for cndcH families j atj Iwere got wiAl [isbands, whw| fths of thePw keir Families! [ll they hadi^ [inity. liM ift andrealoii Sges that have! ^l> After thj yoUl to North'Amctk£ M< I ou'll be ready to Brand the Hwons for Beaftsi n earned, we iliould have a fine time of it if we oAer'd to punilh one of our Brethren for killing a Hare or a Partridge ; and a glorious fight 'twould be, to fee our Wives inlarge the nurnlaer of out Children, while we are ingag'd in Warlike £x« peditions againfl our, Enemies ,• to fee PhyHci- ans Poifon our Families, and Gamefters lo(e th9 Beaver Skins they've got in Hunting* In France^ thefe things are look'd upon as trifles, which do not fall within the Verge of their fine Laws^ Doubtlefs, they muft needs be very blind, thae are acquainted with us, and yet do not imitate our Example Lahontan, Very fine, my dear Friend ,* thou goeft too faft ; believe me, thy Knowledge is fa confin'd, as I faid before, that thy Mind can't ^ach beyond the appearances of things. Wouidft thou but give Ear to Reafon, thou wouidft pre* fently be fenfible that we ad upon good Princi-' pies, for the fupport of the Society. Vou muft know, the Laws Condemn all without excepti- on, that are guilty of the Actions you've mcii- tion'd. In the firft place, they prohibit the Pea- fants to kill Hares or Partridges, efpecially in the Neighbourhood of Farts ; by reafon that an un- controurd liberty of Hunting, would quickly ex- hauil the whole Stock of thofe Animals. The Boors Farm the Grounds of their Landlords, who referve to themfelves the Priviledge of Hunting, as being Mafters. Now, if they happen to kill Hares or Partridges, they not only rob their Ma- fters of their Right, but fall under the Prohibiti- on enaded by the Law : And the fame is the Cafe of thofe who run Salt, by reafon that the Right of Tranfporting it is folely lodg'd in the *^ing. As to the Women and the Gamefters that you took notice of ; you can't think fure that I i z we'd I . Vjl Some Kcw Voyaged we'd (hut 'em up in Prifons and Convents, and' Condemn 'em to a perpetual Confinement. The Phyficians, 'twould be unjuft to abufe, for of a hundred Patients they do not kill two ^ nay, on the contrary, they ufe their utmoft efforts to Cure 'em. There's a neceflity that Superannu- ated Perfons , and thofe who are worn out, fhould put a Period to their Lives. And after all, tho' all of us have occafion to imploy DoAors, if 'twere prov'd that they had kill a any Patient, either thro' Ignorance or Malice, the Law would not fpare 'em no more than others. Adario. Were thefe Laws obierv'd, you would (land in need of a great many Prifons ; but I fee plainly that you do not fpeak all the truth, and that you're afraid of carrying the Thing farther, leaft my Reafons (hould put you to a Hand. How- ever, let's now caft our eyes upon thofe two Mea who fled laft year to ^ebee, to avoid the being Burnt in France. If we look narrowly into their Grime, we'll find occafion to fay. that Eurote is pefter'd with a great many fooliik Laws. But^ to fpeak to the purpofe ; thefe two Freticb Men were Branded for Jugglers, pretended Magicians, and charg'd with the Crime of playing Magical Tricks. Now, what harm have thefe poor Fel- lows done ,• perhaps they have had a fit of Sick- nefs, that has brought 'em into that State of Sim- plicity and Folly, as it happens fometimes among us. Prithee tell me, what harm do our Jugglers do ? When a Patient is recommended to 'em, they (hut themfelves up all alone in a little Hutt, j where they Sing, Roar, and Dance, and utter fome ext^avai^ant Exprelllons ,• then they give the Patient's Relations to know, that they muft prepare a Feaft for Solaceing the Patient ,• and this Feaft confifls of Flefh or Fifh, according to| the Humour of this Juggler, who is only an ima- to North-Amaki, yn ginary Phyfician^ whofe Head has been turn'd by fomc hot Feayer or other. You fee we rally upon 'em in their abfencc^ and fee thro' the Im- pofture ; you are fenfible that they ar^ as fooliHi in their Adions as in their Words, imd that they never gc upon Hunting or Warlike Expeditions : And why would you Burn the poor Wretches, chat in your Country fall under the fame Misfor- tune ? . ^• Lahontan. There's a great deal of difference be- tween our Jugglers and yours : Thofe of that Profedion among us, have interviews with the evil Spirit^ and feaft with him every Night ; by vertue of their Witchcraft, they hinder a Man from Imbracing his own Wife ; by putting a cer- tain Charm into the Viduals or Drink ot Vertu- ous and Wife Ladies, they draw 'em to Debau* tey ; they Poyfon the Cattel, they blaft the Produ^ of the Earth, they caufe Men to die in a languifbing Condition, and a Big-Belly 'd Wo- man to Mifcarry : In fine, they do an infinity of mifchievous Anions, which I have not nam'd. This fet of Men calls themfelves Inchanters and Sorcerers ; but there's another fort that is yet worfe, namely, the Magicians, who converfe ] in a familiar way with the evil Spirit, and get him to appear in what Figure they pleafe, to thofe who have the curiofity to fee him. They have fecret Charms that will procure good Luck at Gaming, and Inrich thofe upon whom they are beilow'd ; they foretel Futurities, and have the Power to transform themfelves into all forts of Animals, and the moft frightful Figures ; they run about to certain Houfes, where they make a fearful Howling, interlac'd with Cries and difmal Moans, and appear to be as tall as the loftyeft Trees, with Chains on their Feet, and [Serpents in their Hands : In fine, they do fo ter- I i ; rify rify the People, that they are forc'd to hare re. courfe to che Priefts, for their Exorcifms ,* upon |he apprebenfion that thefe Apparitions are Souls come From Vurgatory to this World, to beg Ibmc Maifes which are neceffary for their Iranflation into the Prefence of the Almiglity. Now, take all thefe Articles together, you will not think it ftrange, that we Burn em without Mercy, pur- fuant to the Tenor of our Laws. Mario, Is it poflible, that you believe fuch idle Stories ? Sure, you only rally to fee what I would anfwer. Thefe Stories feem to be of a piece with * (i€[ofs thofe I have Read in the * Books of fpea- Fibles. king Animals. Some of our Courems it Bois Read thefe idle Fictions every day ; and Im much miftaken if what you now fpeak of, is not Written in thefe Books : For, one muft be a Fopl that believes that the evil Spirit is inveM with the Power of coming upon the Earth ,• fup. pofmg it to be true that he is fuch as the Jefuiti reprefent him. No Creature can fubfift out of its own Element : Fifh die when forc'd upon the Land, and Man expires when under Water. How can you imagine then that the Devil can live out of his Element, which is Fire ^ Befides, If he could come upon the Earth, he would So mifchief enough by himfelf, without itn»| ploying thefe Sorcerers,* .ind if he convers'(l| with one Man, he would bv^ ready to con- yerfe with many others j for confidering that I in your Country the wicked out- number the I good, every one of you would then turn Sorcer- er, and fo all would go to Deftrudion together,'! the World would be turn'd upfide down ^ and in a word, a remedylefs Diforder would enfue. Doft not thee know, my Brother, that to credit fuch idle Whims, is an affront offer'd to the Great ^ Spirit ^ in regard that it charges him with Au- thoriHiig to Nbitfc- America. ijy tfiorifing Mifchief, and being the direct Autho6r ofall the abovemention'd Difordcrs, by fuffering the Evil Spirit to turn out of Hell ? Since the Great Spirit is fo good^ as you and I are fenfible he is, 'tis more credible that he would fend goc^ Souls with agreeable Shapes, to check men for their unwarrantable Anions, and to invite em in an amicable way to the practice of Vertue, by fetting forth the Felicity and Blifs of thofe Souls thAt are poiTefs'd of the good Country. As for the Souls that lye in Purgatory ( if fo be that there's any fuch place ) I take it, the Great Spi- rit has no occafion to be intreated and pray'd to on their behalf, by thofe who have enough to do to pray for themfelves : Befidesj fince he gives 'cm leave to come to the Earth, he might as well allow them to mount up to Heaven. Upon the whole, my dear Brother, if I thought you fpoke ferioufly of thefe things, I fhould truly be appre- henfive that you are Delirious, or have loft your Senfes. Certainly, there muft be fome more in- fUming Article againft thefe two Jugglers, or elfe both your Laws and your Judges are equal- ly unreafonable. If 'twere true that thefe mif- chievous A(5l:ions were adually committed, the Confequence I fhould draw from thence, would be this ; That fince there's no fuch thing heard of among any of the Nations of Canada, it can't be otherwife out that the Evil Spirit has a power over you that he has not over us. Upon this I lay, we are a gobd People, and you on the other hand are perverfe, malicious, and addidied to all degrees or Vice and Wickednefs. But, prithee, let's \q an ehd of our Conferences upon this I Head ,• and fo I'll exped no anfwer to what has [been faid. To come back to your Laws, pray inform mc how it comes to pafs that they fuffer Women to be Sold for Mony to thofe who have 114 a ^^i^l' . \ 1 3 j6 Sme New Voyages 9l mind td make ufe of 'em ? Why do theyfufifcr thofe publick^oufes where the Whores and Bawds are in readynefs all the hours of the day, to o- blige all forts of Perfons ? Why arefome allowM to wear Swords, in order to kill others that d^ie K.ot wear 'em ? Why do not they prohibit thp Celling of Wine above a determined quantity, or the adulterating of it with I do not know how many Ingredients, that ruin one's Health ? Do not you fee the Diforders committed at ^h^ by Drunkards ? You'll anfwer perhaps, as othw have done before you ; that the Vintner is al- )ow'd to Sell as much Goods as he can put q% for the maintenance of himfelf and his Family ; and that he who drinks the Wine ought to regur late his own Condu(5t; and be moderate in that as well as in all other things. But I'll provfi that to be impofCble, for a Man in oripk. lofes his Reafon before he is aware, or at leall his Reafon is fo drown'd that he is not cap^bb of diRioguiiliing what he ought to do. Why do not your Laws rellrain the exceifive Gaming, that is the fburce of a thoufand evils ? Fa* thers ruin their Families (as I faid before) Children either Rob their Fathers, orrun'ca into Debt j the Wives and Daughters proftitutj themfelves for Mony, when they're reducdto extremities, and have plaid away their Cloathj, and their Houfiiold Furniture. This gives riw to difputes, murders, enmity, and irreconcilea* ble hatred. Thefe prohibitions , my Brother, wopld be of no ufe among the Hurons ; but they are very much wanted among the French, If by fuch methods you wquld gradually reform the Diforders that Intereft lus rais'd amongft you> I fcouJd hope that' one day^you might come to " wicboit^Laws as we do. '■^sf-v. Li' to Nortfc- America. 'J7 tabmtan, I acquainted you before^ that onr l^ws infli long as you i^ick toth^ ■ineafures of Mtum Sind T'tmm. I afiirni.th{tc what you call Silver is the Devil of Devils ,• the TyJ rant of the French ,• the Spurce of all Evil ; th^ I^ane of Souls, and the Slaughter- Houfe of livi(ig Peilbns. To pretend to live in the Mony CpunJ try, and at the fame cime to fave one's Sou), js^s great an inconfilieticy as for a Man to gp to the Dottcm of a L^k^ to prqferve his Life. Tbvl Mony is the Father of Luxury, Lafcivioufi^eljJ Intrigues , Tricks, Lying, Treachery, Falie.! iiels, and in a word, of all the mifchief ijjl the World. The Father fells his ChildrciiJ Husbands expofe their Wives to Sale, Wivcjl betray their Husbands, Brethren kill ope aflo<| ther. Friends are falfe, and all this proceeds froin Mony. Confider this, and then tell me^f \!|g| afe not in the right ot it, in refuting to HngerJ or fo much as to look upon that curfed Metal. Ijihofttan, What I is ic poflible that you Ihould always R.ealbn fo forrily ! Prithee, do but liften once in thy life time to what I am going to fay.j Doft not thou fee, my dear Friend, that the Na- tions of Europe could not live without Gold and Silver, or fome fuch precious thing. Withoutl that Symbol , the .Gentlemen, the Priefts, the Merchants, and an infinity of other Perfons who have not Strength enough to labour^ the Earth, would die for Hunger. Upon that lay, our Kings would be no Kings : Nay, what Sol- diers Ihould we then have ? Who would then Work for Kings or any body elfe, who would run chs hazard of the Sea, who would make Arms unlets 'twere for himfelf? Believe nid this would run us to remedilefs Ruinc, 'twouldl turn Eurofc into a Chaos, and create the mo|| difmal Confulion due Imagination it fdf caul reach. .■'•"' ' AdM\ to North'Atnmcx. 141 JJario. Ytiu fobb me off very prettily, truly, Iwhen you bring in your Gentlemen, your Mer- Ichants and your Priefts. If" you were Strangers |to Meitm and Tuum, tliofe diftim'^! ir.s of Men Uould be funk ; a levelling equality would then mt pliice among you as it now do's among the hmns. For the firft thirty years indeed, after Ithc banifliing ofIntereft,you would fee aftrange iDefolation ,• thofe who are only qualify 'd to eat, Urfnk, fleep and divert themfelves, would lan- IgDilh and die ,• but their Pofterity would be fit llbr our way of living. I have let forth again knd again, the qualities that make a Man in- Iwardly fuch as he ought to be ; particularly, Iwifdom, Reafon, Equity, &c. which are cour- Ited by the Hunns, I have made it appear that Ithe Notion of feparare Interefts knocks all thefe IQiiftlities in the Head, and that a Man fway*d by llntcreft can't be a Man of Reafon. As for the ^mtward Qualifications of a Man ,• he ought to be expert in Marching, Hunting, Fifbing, Waging iWar, Ranging the Forefts, Building Hutts LndCanows, Firing of Guns, Shooting of Ar- Irows, Working Canows : He ought to be Inde- fatigable, and able to live on fliort Commons up- lon occafion. : In a word, he ought to know how jto go about all the Exercifes of the Hurons. Now in my way, 'tis the Perfon thus qualify'd that I call a Man. Do but confider, how .many Milli- lons there are in Europe, who, if they were left ■thirty Leagues off in the Forrefts, and provided Vith Fufees and Arrows, would be equally at a jlofs, either to Hunt and maintain themf elves, or [to find their way out : And yp t you fee we tra- jverle a hundred Leagues of Forrefts without llofing our way, that we kill Fowl and other iBeafts with our Arrows, that we catch Fifii in lall the places where they are to be had ,• that we Do- M^m 14^ Some New Voyages Dog both Men and Wild Beafts by their Foqc* fteps, wliether in Woods or in open FielA^ in Summer or in Winter ^ that we live upon Roots when we lye before the Gates of tht Iroquefe, that we run like Hares^ that we know how to uie both the Axe and the Knife^ and to make a great many ufeful things. Now (ince we are capable of fuch things, what (hould hinder you to do the fame, when Intereft is laid aiide j Are not your Bodies as large, ftrong and brawo) as ours ? Are not your Artifans imploy'd in har- der and more difficult Work than ours ? If. you liv'd after our manner, all of you would be 9* qually Mafters ; your Riches would be of the lame Stamp with ours^ and confifl: in the pur. chafmg 01 Glory by military Anions, and the taking of Slaves i for the more you took of then the lefs occafion you would have to Work : loi word, you would live as happily as wc do. Lahontan, Do you place a happy Life, in be- ing oblig'd to lye under a pittiful Hutt of Bark^ to Sleep under four forry Coverlets of Beaver Skins, to Eat nothing but what you Boil and Roaft, to be Cloath'd with Skins, to go a Beavet Hunting in the harflieft Seafon of the Year, to run a hundred Leagues on Foot in purfuit of the Iroquefiy thro' Marflies and thick Woods, the Trees of which are cut down fo as to render 'en snacceffible ! Do you think your (elves happy when you venture out in little Canows, and run , the rifque of being drown'd every foot in your " Voyages upon the Great Lakes; when youly? upon the ground with the Heavens for your Ca- nopy, upon approaching to the Villages of vow Enemies ,• when you run with full Speed, ootJj days and nights without eating or drinking, as being purfued by your Enemies ,• when you are fure of being reduc'd to the laft extremity, if the I to Nonh'AmQucs.. I 43 the Coureurs tie BoU did not out of Friendftip, their FoQt« ■ (;twrity and Commiferation, fupply you with pen Fieldi^ : live upon ates of tht lat we know nife, and to low iince we kould hinder is laid aOde I andbrawQj loy'd in bar- >urs? It you A^ould be ^ d be of the in the pur. ons, and the took of then Work ; Ini wc do. ^ Life, inbe- 4utt of Bark, ets of Beaver rou BoU anil ) go a Beavei the Year, to )urfuit of tho Woods, the o render em felves happy ws, andnifl foot in yow hen you lye for your Ca' Fire- Arms, Powder, Lead, Thread for Nets, Axes, Knives, Needles, Awls, Filhing- Hooks, Kettles, and fcveral other Commodities ? Adario. Very fine, come, don't let's go fo fail ; the day is long,and we may talk one after the other at our own leifure. It feems you take p!1 rhefe things to be great hardfhips ,* and indeed I own (hey would be fuch to the French^ who like Beads, love only to eat and to drink, and have been brought up to Softnefs and EfFeminacy. Pri- thee^ tell me what difference there is between lying in a good Hutt, and lying in a Palace ,* be- tween Sleeping under a Cover of Beaver-Skins, and Sleeping under a Quilt between two Sheets ; between Eating Boil'd and Roaft Meat, and feed- ing upon dirty Pies, Ragou's, &c, drefs'd by your gicify Scullions ? Are we liable to more Dilbrde-rs and Sickneffes than the French^ who are ac- commodated with thefe Palaces , Beds and Cooks ? But after all, how many are there in hmce that lye upon Straw in Garrets where the Rain comes in on all hands, and that are hard put to't to find Viduals and Drink ? I have been in France^ and fpeak from what I have feen with my Eyes* You rally, without reafon, upon our Cloaths made of Skins, for they are warm- er, and keep out the Rain better than your Cloth \ befides, they are not fo ridiculoufly made as your Garments, which have more Stuff in their Pockets and Skirts, than in the Body of the Garment. As for our Beaver-Hunting, you take it to be a terrible thing ^ while it affords us ages of y out Hall manner of pleafure and diverfion ,• and at thp Speed, DOthBfame time, procures us all fores of Commodities drinking, a^lin exchange for the Skins. Befides, our Slaves hen you arewake all the Drudgery off our hands, ( if fo be extremity, iip - - that ther ''1 I 144 Some Kew Voyages / ''Hat y6U will have it to te drudgery. ) You Icnowr very well that Hunting is the moft agree* able Diverfion we have ,• but the Beaver-Hunt- ing being fo very pleafant, we prefer it to all the other forts. You fay, we have a troublefome and tedious way of waging War ,• and indeed I muft own that a French Man would not be able to bear it, upon the account that you are not | accuftom'd to fuch long Voyages on Foot ,* but thefe Excurfiohs do not fatigue us in the Icaft^ and 'twere to be wifh'd for the good of Canada] \ that you were poflefs'd of the fame Talent ,•! for if you were, the Iroquefs would not Cut yoar j Throats in the midft ot your own Habitatiom, , as they do now every day. You infill likewife on the rifque we run in our little Canows, asaa indance of ourMifery • and with reference to that Point, 'tis true that fometimes we caaaot difpsnfe with the ufe of Canows , becaul^ we are Strangers to the Art of Building largei'l Veffels ; but after all, your great Veffels are lia. blc to be caft away as well as our Canows. 'Tiil liktwife true, that we lye flat upon the openi ground when we approach to the Villages of our Eneniies ; but 'tis equally true that the Soldien in France are not fo well accommodated as you: Men are here, and that they are oftentimes forc'd to lye in Marfhes and Ditches, where they| are expos'd to the Rain and Wind. You ob farther, that we betake our felves to a fpeedyl Flight ^ and pray what can be more natural thani to flye when the liumber of our Enemies is tri*j pie to ours. The Fatigue indeed of runninfl night and day without Eating and Drinking, n terrible ^ but we had better undergo it thanM come Slaves. I am apt to believe that fuch ex*| tremities are matter of Horrour to the Euroftmii but we look upon 'em as in a manner, nothingJ Youl to North-Amaidi. H Yoii conclude^ in pretending that the French ^r^^ vent our Mifery by taking pity of us. But pray conficler how our Anceftors liv'd an hundre4 years ago : They liv'd as well without your Com* modities as we do with em ; for inftead of your Fire-Locks, Powder and Shot, they made ofe of Bows and Arrows, as we do to this day : They made Nets of the Thread of the Barks of Trees, Axes of Stone ; Knives, Needles and Aivls of Stag or Elk-Bones ; and fupply'd the room of Kettles with Earthen Pots. Now, fince lour Anceftors liv'd without thefe Commodities m. fo many Ages ; 1 am of the Opinion, we l^uld difpenfe with 'em eafyer than the French CQuld with our Beaver Skins ^ for which, by a niighty piece of Friendlhip, they give us in ex- change Fufees, that burft and Lame many of our WlCfiprs , Axes that break in the cutting of a m^\>. Knives that turn Blunt, and lofe their lEiigein the cutting of a Citron ; Thread which [ishalf Rotten, and fo very bad that our Nets are rorn out as foon as they are made ; and Kettles I thin and flight, that the very weight of Water nakes the Bottoms fall out. This, my dear Bro-» {ther^ is the anfwer I had to give to your Reflexi^ ons upon the Mifery of the Hurons, Uhontan. 'Tis well ; I find you would have a? to believe that the Hurons are infcnlible of br Fatigue and Labour ^ and being bred up to Poverty and Hardfhips, have another notion of [em than we have. This may do with thofe vho have never ftir'd out of their own Coun- ty, and confequently have no Idea of a better life than their own j who having never vifited &ur Cities and Towns, fancy that we live juft as [hey do. But as for thee, who haft feen France^ Cathie and New-England, methinksthy judpmenc id relifh of things are too much of the Savage K k Strain : ■tin m Voyages Strain ,' whilft thou prefers the Condition of the ^Httrons to that of the Europeans. Cvn there be a more agreeabie and delightful Life in theWorld, than that of an infinity of rich Men, who want for nothing ? They have fine Coaches, Stately Houfcs adorn'd with Rich Hangings and Magni- ficent Pidures, Sweet Gardens replenifh'd with all forts of Fruit, Parks Stocked with all forts of Animals, Horfes and Hounds and good ftore of Mony, which enables 'em to keep a Sumptuous Table, to frequent the Play-Houfes, to Game freely, and to difpofe handfomely of their Chil- dren. Thefe happy Men are ador'd by their Dependants ; and ybu have feen with your owg eyes our Princes, Dukes, Mareflials of Frana^ Prelates, and a Million of perfons of all Statl' ons, who want for nothing, and live like Kin§j, and who never call to mind that they have liv'^^ till fuch time as Death alarms 'em. Mario. If I had not been particularly infonu'il of the State of Frame, and lee into the knew- ledge of all the Circumftances of that People, by my Voyage to Parit ; I might have been Blifr ded by the outward appeaiances of Felicity that you fet forth : But I know that your Prince, your Duke, your Marefhal, and your Prelate are Jar from being happy upon the Compaarifon with the Hurms^ wha know no other happinefs than that of Liberty and Tranquility of Mind : For your great Lords hate one another in thsli Hearts ,• they forfeit their Sleep, and ne^ even Eating and Drinking, in making cheirContt to the King, and undermining their Enemies! they offer fuch Violence to Nature in diffenv| bling, difguifing and bearing things, that tlK Torture of their Soul leaves all Expreflion In behind it. Is ail this nothing in your way ? d you think it fuch a trifling matter to have fitt; ; Ser to Nbrf J-Amcrica. 147 Serpents in your Bofom ? Had not they better throw their Coaches^ their Palaces and their Fi- nery, into the River, than to fpehd their life doie in a continued Series of Mairtyrdom? Were I in their place, I'd rather chopfe to be a Huron X\i Kk 2 La' I 148 Some NetpFoyages. tahontan. You muft know that as your H^rovj who are brought wp in the way of Fatigue and Mifcry, have no mind to be rid of it ^ (0 thefe great Lords being inur'd from their infancy to ambition, carc,c^ minute to defir^ fomewhat that we are not yet poffefs'd of,* and 'tis this that makes a Life happy, provided the means imploy'd in the profecution of fuchl Wifhes are lawful and warrantable. Adarh, Is not that Burying a Man alive ; to I rack his Mind without intermiilion in the acqui- fition of Riches and Honour, which cloy us ail foon as obtain'd ; to infeeble and wafte his Bo-l dy, , and to expofe his Life in the forming oil Enterprifes, that for the moft part prove Abor-f tive ? As for 5[our Allegation, that thcfe greit] Lords are bred from their Infancy to Ambitionl and Care, as we are to Labour and Fatigue ^ I| muft fay, 'tis a fine Comparifon for a Man tbatl can Read and Write. Tell me, prithee, if the! repofe of the Mind and the exercile of the Bcdjl are not the neceffary Inftruments of Health, ill the tofling of the Mind and the reft of the Bodyl are not the means to dgftroy it ? What have m in 4 to Korth'Ametki. •49 joy, never jar of being fes. Traft- the Chara- efs Fellow. 3 {bmewhat le that con- luft be a B- he confiden I neafynefsjjf lute to defiri jfs'd of j and provided the on of fuch I in in the World that's dearer to us than our Lives,: ahd ought not vi^e to take thebeft meafuresco feferve 'em ? The Fremh murder their Health j a thoufand different means, and we preferve ours till our Bodies are worn out, our Souls be- ing fo far free from Paffions, that they can't al- ter or difmcb our Bodies. And after all, you iniinuate that the French haften the Moment of, tbeir Death by lawful means : A very pretty con- ctufion indeed, and fuch as deferves to be took notice of. Believe, nie, my dear Brother, 'tis thy Tntereft to turn Huron, in order to prolong ' \\y life. Thou Ihalt drink , eat , fleep, and ^ |Hunt with all the eafe that can be ,* thou malt be i&ee'd from the Paffions that Tyrannife over the mch ; thou ihalt have no occafion for Gold or liver to make thee happy ; thou flialt not fear .bbbers, Aliaffins or Falle Witnefles,* and if lou haft a mind to be King of all the World, hy, thou rtialt have nothing to do but to think; at thou art fo. Lahmtan. You cannot exped I iliould comply ith your demand, without thinking that I have en guiity of fuch Crimes ia France ,^ that I ^'t return without running the rifque of being.: urnt : For after all, I can't imagine a more un- countable MetamorpbojSsj than that of a Fnnch, an into a Huron, How d'ye think I could ui^i- jcrgo the Fatigues we talk'd of but now ? D'ye ink I could have the patience to hear the ildifh Propofals of your Ancient and your bung Men,withy ut taking them up ? Ik it feafible at I could live upon Broth, Bread, Wi^w Corn, oaft Meat and Boil'd, without either Pepper Salt ? Could I brook the Larding of my Face e 3 Fool , with twenty forts of Colours ? hat Spirit muft I be of, if I drink nothing but pple- Water, and go ftark Naked all the Sum- Kk ; me:, J ifO Some Tslew Voyages^, rner, and eat out of nothing but Wooden Di(besi[ ^our Meals would fjever go down with me, fincji two or three, hundred Perfonsmuft Dance foj^ two or three hours before and after. I can't 1!yi$ with an unciyiHsM fort of People, who knowi^ o,ther Compliment than, I honour you. No, hoj| my dear Mario, 'tis impoflSble for a French-Mai to turn Huron, but a Huron may eafily becouie | frencb-Man, Adarh, At that rate you prefer Slavery to Lj^ berty. But 'tis no Surprifal to me, after whajt| have heard you maintain : Tho after all, ifyoii happen d to enter into your own Breaft, anil m throw off your prepoiTei&pn with regard to^j Cuftoms and Humours of the French Nation j | cannot fee that the Obje^ions you've npw Sur*' t^d, are of fuch Moment as to keep you fri falling into our way of living. What a miel)| difficulty you meet with in bringing your felTi approve of our old Men's Counfel, and buryout Men's Projects ! Are not you equally gravcir| when the Jefuits and your Superiours make in pertinent demands ? Why would not you chcK to live upon the Broth of a|i forts of good i. fubftanrial Meat ? Our Partridges, Turkq^ Hares, Ducks, and Roe-Bucks ; do not they « Well when they.e Roafted or Boil'd? Whatllj nifies your Pepper, your Salt, and a thoufandS ther Spices, unlefs it be to murder your Healthj Try our way of living but one fort-night, an then you'll long for no fuch doinr . What ha can you fear from the Painting of your FacewiJ Colours ? You dawb your Hair with Pow(fc and Eifence, and even your Cloathsare fprinkl? with the fame : Nay, I have feen Freuch Me that had Muftaches like Cats, cover'd o'er wifl Wax. As for the Mapple-Water, 'tis fwee| healthy, well-tafted, and friendly to the Scomadij nDi(be$J! me, fihci^ Dance fojt [can*tlh(}j o know qo No, hojl French' Mioil r become i ?ery toLui ifter whajti to North'Amtvlci.' tji* tijpA iVe fcen you drink of it oftner than oncVine and Brandy deftroy t^c natural Heat, pall the Stomach, inflame the I |ibod. Intoxicate, and create a thoufand DiU orders. And pray what harm would it do ye, I to go Naked in warm Weather ? Befides, we are liot fo ffark Naked, but that we are cqyer'd be« lind and before. 'Trs better to go Naked, than to toil under an everlafting Sweat,- and under a lojid of Cloaths heap'd up one above another. Where's the uneafynefs of bating. Singing, and Dancing in good Company ? Had not you bet- Itfi^dp fo than fit at Table moping by your felf, lorin the Company of tho(e that you never faw lorfcnew before ? Allthehar4niipthen, that you. ill complain of^ lies in converiinc with an un- iriliz'd People, and being robb a of the Page- itji of Compliments. This you take to be a i3Mlinsy and yet could not but admire out way of Living. For my part, I proteft I can't Conceive the ground of your Obftinacy. AdmOf All thcle People have as crooked Minds, as tliey have deform'd Bodies. I have fecn fome of the AmSaffadors from the Nations you fpeak of, and the Jefuits at Varis gave me fome account of their Country. They obferve % divifion of Property as well as the French ; and forafmuch as they are more bruitiili and more wedded to their Intereft than the French , we muft not think it ftrange that they appro v'd of theCuftoms and Manners of a People who trea* ted 'em with all the meafures of Frendjhip, and made 'em Prefents. You muft not think that the Kwons will take their Meafures from them. You ought not to take Exceptions at any thing that I have prov'd ,• for I do not defpife the Eimfe- m^ tho' indeed I can't but pity em. You lay well in alledging that I place no difference be- tween a Rogue and what you call a Man of Honour. >*•» ,1 *- ^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I g U£ 12.0 lit 1.8 1.25 1 1.4 1 1.6 ^ 6" ' ► Hiotographic Sdences Corporation V •SJ :\ \ ^S '^.\ 6^ '^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^"C %" \ ur ^a^. ^^etean«ifli^ matepr ca make my Sl^v^e a M^n of Mi»if«iiir; |^' cariyittg hitn to Paris, at^ iiirmibing l»ff# vrtch^^ hiiiidrfid Packs of Beaver Skim^ to anfv^ir f^ cbiai^ of a Coach 4iid teil or twelve f^i^R6t&b«^^ A^'fopa as.he appeats^^inan Embroider^ll Si^ wicbfucb alUdnu^ he^ be Sahited by -^m^ one, and Intr<)duc d^Jea tlie^ greateft Tfta<^^ l^^ the htgheft Company: And if he doeft but m- gale the Gentlemen, and ma^e Prefeifei to i9i l^ies, he pafles in courfe for a Mftn of Sb^ aodiMerit : He'l be call'd the King ofj^Hkif rem, and every one will give Ouc^^ that^M! Country is full of Qold Mine^i that himfelf i^ the moft Puiiiant Prince m AmtriMy that he vi a Man of Senfe and tjdks moft agreeafaiv il j Company ; that he is redoubted by mM \ Neighbours; in fine, hel be fuch a Man of Ho^ nbur as moft of your French Footmen cometo^ | be after they have made Ibift, by infamous and deteftable means, to^nckup as riuch Money ai will fetch that pompous Equipage. Ha ! my" dear Brother, if I could but read, I could fkid out a great many fine things that now I do mi know. You fliouldnot then get off for hearing mQ mention the few Diforders that I obfert'd- ftQSpng the £iir0^Mtii j for I would then^maft«r you up a great many more, whether inWhoiefsle or Retail. I do not believe that there's any ooe Vocation or R^nk of Men that would not be found liable to juft Cenfure, if examined by one that can Read and Write. . And in my Opinion twere ■M. liWet ibf^ by -^km ^ but it^ iiei to M of ^6ib f tiieli^ , tkat if hifnfelf i^ that heir oeablyil y ^m uiof H(^ Gometof lOUS [oney ii Ha! msT ion\A find Ido i»>t^ >r hearing obfert'd 3n'muft«t rholefele any one Id not be Id by one Opinion twerc 'lyocflM^ttfrJbrth^ J^^ii^bihsa they ; were Sfmtil ipri/p Reamog and Writing : Every B^ ^vei u^ firefli, Infiances of an infinity of Btffiittts a^ igong the Ctmettrs M JSmt upon the account of ^ri»Vi£/^ which tend tdnodnng but liti^oui^ 1^ and liXfi Suits. One bit of Paper 19 enough to ruin a whole Family. With a flip of aLei^ t^ a Woman betrays her Husband^ and con- certs ways to have her turn ferv'd | a Motto jells her Daughter, and a Forger of Writings ^ts whom he pleaies. In your Books whicfik^ ai|^puWift!d e^ery DaVi you write Lies and im-s pi^^cinent Stories j and yet you would fain^hay# IIP to Read and Write like the Frmek , No> my jear Brother^ I had rather live without Know-^ lelge^ than to Read and Write fuch things as ii^Httrms abhor. We can do all our Bu6ne6 VJi| Inference to. our Hunting and our Military^ i^entures^. by the help of our Hier^^yphick^f |oa know very well ihacthe Charp^lsers whkll we ^aw upon the peel'd Trees in our Fa^aget^ comprehend all the Bajticulars of a Hunting dr Warlike Expedition^ and that all who fee thefe Uiirks know^ what they fignifie. Now^ pray^ what occaiion have we for more ? The Com^ monion of Goods among the Hitrons fuperfedei tiip ufe of Writing. We have no Pofts ncir no Horfes in our Forrefts for Couriers to ride Upon to^e^c. We make Peace and Waf without Wiiting.. and employ only AmbalTadors that car-^ ry the Faith andPromifeof the Nation. Our I Boundaries are adjufted without Wriring : And as for the Sciences that you ftudy^ they would be of no ufe to us ; for, to inftance inXftogrih I fj;;, we have no mind to .puzzle our Brains in the, reading of Books of Voyages that contra- M one another ; and are not in the humour to abdicate our Country, which you know we ar9 fo ib minutely acquainted i^itH>that the Itstft Broiit lioes n^ icape our Calculation. jiflr0ni$f ^yooU he equally ufeleis j for We rpckon tl^e Yeslrs byt tbe MoonSj and iq xhany Winters Hand^ for ,^ equal number of Years. Navigaticn would |« yet lefs jfdrviceable, for we. have no Shi^/; Ani FinrtlfiiatioH can biing us no Advantage, m regard that a F&rt of fthgle PalifTadoes^ is to us a foBk dent ^ttard ffom the Arrows and the Siu-prilbsof our Enemies^ who are Strangers to ArttUery. (n a Word, confidering our way of living, Writing can do us no good; All that I value in . the whole Circle of your Sciences, is Anthmeticli J <:;in*t but own that that Science pleaf«$ m^ ini , mfely Wdl, tho' at the fame time 1 am fenfible iha? thofe who are vers'd in it are Hot ivte itm gijeat Errbrs. There is no Trade or Profeffiott ditibng the French that t like, excepting te| which runs in the way ofCommerci; that inc^ I look upon as a Lawful Calling, and that whidi i^moft neceiTary for our Wejiare. The Met^ chaiits are welcome to us ; fometimes th^l '?iMng lis good Commodities, and &meof 'eiQ| b^ingMen of Juftice and Probity are fatis * with a moderate Gain : They run great h^zardtJ (hey advanee beforehand, they lend, theyftif| fbv '^eir due ; in fine, I know many Deale that have a juft and reafonable Soul, and haf^l obtig'd our Nation very mudi. But at the fame tinie therp are others who a<% with no (»hm View than to make an exorbitant Profit upoftj G66ds that have a good (hew and ar^ worth M Httle, particularly Axes, Kettles, Powder, Gurij^ &c. which we are not qualified to kno^t Tte niakes it to appear, that in all the Ranks ani Degrees of the Muropeans there's fdmething thitl otight to be difiik'd. This is a certain truth, tm if a Merchant has not an upright Heart, and a| "• lufficient leaft Bro* p Yffsiri ^ m^ for Jii r wQuld ko e, mregatd o us a wB^ SiM-prifcs.of LrtiUery. In ing, Writing yAvLe in . the fifhmttickiik safes m t havid done, my dear Brother. I muft now return to ibe Village/ where rii ftay for you toliiorroti^ ifcr Dinner. ll.-r. LabotitaB. lam. come, Adario^ to thy Apart* ted^, to pay my RefpeAs to thy Grandfather, who I hear lies very ill. 'Tis to be^ ftar'd that the good old Gentleman may be long a£^6d ffldi theuneafinefs he now complains of ;J!flil0 loold think that a Man of his Age, who ri^c^ WTugtott Seventy l?ears, might refrain thij bodil^ of Turtle^-Doves. Fvc obfi^nr'd fpif a liii^ time^ that your old Folks are alwa^f^ i4 lifotion and A^ion, which is the ready way to ^ituii; fpeedily the little Strength that's left 1^. I'll tell thee, Adarh^ thou muft feitd on^ |of. thy Slaves for my Surgeon, who underfta|^di Phyrick well enough ,* for I'm moraHy' a^iirther, that i hav« been a mortal Enemy iq )dr JRhyHcians, everfmc^ I faw ten or twdve fti^s die in their Hands, through the tyranny Fjtbeir R,emedies. My Grandfather that y 61) |ke to be Seventy Years old is full Ninety iight, teMArfy;d>tThirty Yeirs of Age ; my Fathei ^ Marfy*(i at Thirty two, andf i am now toy five* Yc^ts Old. 'lis true h$ i$ of a fttong ^: 1 66 S^m 1!^yoyi{i(^ ftrong Conftltutlon^ And chat chii Age ocmU toi ht AttaltiM In Ktiroft, whtro P«ople dio OArlier, Ono of thfft Davi 1*11 (hew you fourteen or fifteen oM Man tfiAC Are curn'd of a Hundreil, NAy one of *em a 1 tiutciiotl And twonny four, j kntw enotlier chAt dy*d i\x \em Ago At the Ajm of A HiilMired And fbrcy« K% for the reftle(i tjb thAt chat you find fitiifc with in our old Men. I CAn AfTure you on the contrAry, thAt if choy fiy toytcring upon tltolr MAti In the Huti^ And Ad nothing but £ac^ Drinic And Steep, they woukt become lieAvy And dull And unfit for Adtionr And (or Ai much ai their contlnuAll reft wouial hinder the Infcnnblo TrAnfplrAtlon^ the Hii^ ihoun then recoyllng would rejoin the Blood,! end ihui by a nAturAt effctAVing At the Bell in a Compmiy of Ox or imh Hundred Perfbni on a fldo, to tofi li helf iLeegue one wav or t'other, liAn Infinite Fa- dfee to your Bodlci j it infeeblei the PArt^. dif- Efei the Splrlti^ fowoii the mAfii oi Blood enct^ Aieun. And breeki the union Of their Prln* At tbii rAte A MAn tlut might otherwilTe lAve liv^d A Hundred YeAri li fweep'd off AC Ei§hty»' \AiM$i Suppofmg aU you ity to be truOi whet (|Mf I it for A Man to live lb long, fince Life kifort of DeAth After thAt Age ? Perhepi your bafoni mAy beer ai to the t'^mb, the ge^ierAlity tf whom being Uxy And flothful. hAve en Aver« Im to All mAnner of violent Exercifei. They pof the fAme temper with our fMjperAnnuAced rfoni) chAt live in fuch a (tupid infcnfible WAyi they never ftir out of their Huts bvuwhen tAko Fire» Our Temperaments And CoiiV* klons Are ai widely diiTerent from vours as light from Day : And that remarkable diffe** nee that I oblerve between the Europtans and People of C^tMda^ upon aU things in ge- tli ii to me An Argument that we are not Bended of your pretended Mam, Among you flian't near In an Ago, of one that is innoh^back'd, or Lame, orDwarfini, or Deaf^ Pumb, or Blind from their Infancy, and fdr ' any that is One-ey'd j lor when a one*cy'd ature comes into the World among us, we k upon it AS APrelago of the enfuing CaIa- L I miiy. y6^% Stm Nm F an4 never goes a Hunting for ^r oC running his one Eye againft the Brandi of a Tree. As for bur vifeafes, we know no f^ch thing as your Droffos, jifibmat, Wolffs, (jh^d and Fox, The Lyrofy^ theLab^gy, Exttmal S^it^ Httgt^ the Supprejfim tf Vrine, the Stj?4;'J ter as vre.are unacqiiainted with : And.Cffi^l attack 4s now and then upon the fame ocqiii^ij We are fubjed to the MeazJes and the 5<^f P%| and that we owe |o one of two Reaibns. imA we eat fo much Fi(b, that the Blood i% produji^l is of a difFerent temper fron? that prbcee^ii) Crom Meat, and thereupon boils in the Veffel with greater Violence, and throws out its thid ^d coarfe particles upon the inienfible ?9^ of the Skin« Or elfe the bad Air pen'd up t^ Our Villages for want of Windows to our Hug makes fo much Fire and Smoak, tha( the m proportion between the Particles, of the confiftl Air and thofe of our Blood and Humours^ |N rife to fach Intirmities. Now thefe are the Qn)j DiQ-empers that vifit us. if to North-Amcticsu i&i ' laii^aii. This, mj dear Mailb, H the dttt tifaie thiit heard tHee i^afon juftly lince the Commenceikieht of our Conferences* I ac-» Koowt^dge^ you are exempted ^om an in^^ ilfty of Erils [that lie heavy upon us» and the' itatoh of this Happinefs majr be gathered from ^liai-ybu ofFer*d t other ]!)ayj namely. That the '' cf wifi A^md is the greatejt Ingredient ^4 Some New Voyages^ thek Brtins in unlocking ^he Qualities of Drug » Her,bs and' Sin^les^ by a thoufand unconunon and curious Experiments. ^hcCofmogrnfiers and ^j^r^^pwcri.b^nd all their thoughts upon thedif covery of the Figijre^ Magnitude and Compo- fition of Heaven and. Earth. ' The former can trace the leaft Star in the Firmament^ they.mqi-^ Cure itscpurfej its diftance from the £cliptic|;^' its afcenfion and declination :, The latter kno^' how to diftih^uifli Climates, and the vanQah PofTtions of the Globe of the Earth | they ^ acquainted with the' Seas. Lakes, RiTen, U^ Gulfs } they compute, the diftances of one OlUh' cry from another; and in finc^ alithe NaS^j o( the Wo^ld are. known to them^as well as thdrl Religlom^ their Laws/ their Languages^ thorJ Cuiroms. and th^ yarious Foriqs of Gofcri-J nient. To wind up^alrinco one Word, aU i Pt^eiTo^ of Sciences ar0 very fenfible that' purfueth^ir Studies jwith coo miKh Applicaticip^l and thereby murder their Health, ror the ajlj mal Spirits are not itrain'd out in the Brain, ini j^^rtioii to the fupplies of lihejpioi^ it receives from the Heart; and the Heart t a Mufcle can't fquirt out the Blood into ^i pajts of the Body without the Influence of i animal Spirits. , Now^ when the SouHs Siereoel apd all Tranquility as thine is, the' B^aiii fi)|| plies all the parts of the Body with iyi much; they have occafion fpr in order to. perform ^ Offices allotted 'em by Nature : Whereas in tit caie of a profound Application toSciences^ tli Soul being tofs'd and perplexed with a croud ( Thaughcs, the Spirits are much cxhaufted a^ difpersU, both by long Watchings and by tE racking of the Imagination. In this c^e the Spirits that the Brain can form ar^ fcarcei^ ficienc to recruit the parts employed by the ■i:*! •i .A to Korth^ AmcrioLi iSf iA die predmtant Modom it calls for,* aiid there ' beliig but a finall Stock of Spirits in the Nenrei, ' which contey ^em to the parts that niinif|er to the DlgefKon of what we eat, their Fibres have - a languid drooping motion : And thus it comes t0pyife prevented than by throwi ing our felves into cold Water, as we ulually l(ls; for then you would open the^ Doors that the mifchievous Animals might tura:> out ,* but :ifter they're once out of Doors^ yoa- •vculJ not fail to (hut *em again for fear your Sheep ihould run after 'em. I own indeed that your Phyiicians fay well, when they plead that a lian who has over-heated himfelf Y>y Hunting or any violent Exercife, indangers his Life by thrown jog himfelf immediately into cold Water. That^ luke to be an uncontefted truth ,* for the Blood which in that Cafe is agitated and boils as it were ia the Veins, would certainly congeal ; juft as boiling Water congeals fooner than cold Water, vhen expos'd to the Froft or put into a cold fountain. This is the Sum of my Thoughts up- on that Head. As to what remains, I grant we aaJabkto Difeafes, that equally invade both iH «nd the French ; namely, the Small-Pox, Fe- len, Pleurides, andfbmetimes to what you call the Hypochondriac lUnefs : For we have fome Fools among us who fancy they arc poiTefs'd by a hkManifm or Spirit of the bigne^ of one's Fift.*, which in our Language we call Amtaerobi ; and affirm that this Spirit is lodg'd in their Body, and particularly in a certain Member that ails never 10 little. This imaginary Diftemper proceeds from their Simplicity and weaknefs oi Mind : For in ihort, we are not without ignorant fooliih Fellows among us, no more than you. You may fee every day fome Httrons, above fifty years of Age, who have lefs Senfeand Difcretion than a young Girl ,* ibme who are as SuperAitious as your felVes, in believing that the Spirit of Dreams |utheAmbalfadour andMeifenger whom theGreat Spirit imploys to acquaint Men with their Duty. As for our Jugglers, they are Mountebanks and Cheats of the fame form with your Phy/icians ; only I70 Some New Vayages only chey concent themfekes 'wich the having of good Chcar at their Patient's coft, without fendw in^ 'em to the other World in ackkiv^wledgmem of their Feafts and Prefents. Labontm. My deareft AJarioJ; tiononr thee be^ yond all expreffion^ for now thou argueft jilftly, You never fpoke more to the purpoie in yoot life time. Every word you have faid of Sweat- ing is abfolutely true ,* and I know it to belb by experience, infomuch that while I live^ 1 wiH never ufe any other Remedy than your wajr^j Sweating. But at the fame time^ I would not have you run down Bleeding, fa much as yoadid t'other day, when you endeavouv'd by a muktb plicicy of Arguments to mak6 out the neceffity of favlng our Blood, as being the Treafareofl Life. I do not difpute its being the Treafuscof | Life j but I mufb needs fay that your Renieilii agatnft Pleurefies and Inflamations, cake ei^l only by chance, for out of twenty Sick People ] commonly fifteen die ; whereas l^eeding in foch a cafe might Cure *em all. I own that this m^ thod of Cure Jbortens their lives, and that a mat) that has Bied often can't hold out £b long aa ano- ther that has done it but feldom^ but a Man ly- ing on a Sick Bed, wants to be curd at any rate, | and thinks of nothing elfe but the prefent re- covery of his Health ; tho* it ihould coft himthe Subftradion of fome years from his life, together I with the lofs of his Blood. In fine, ail the Re- marks I have made on the Subjed in hand, cen- ter in this ,* that the People of Canada have a better Complexion than the Europeans, that they are more Indefatigable and Robuft, moreinur'd to Watching, Failing and other hardihips,more in- 1 fenfible of Cold and Heat ,• infomuch that they are not only exempted from the Paffions that tumble I and difturb atr Souls, but likewife fhelter'd from i the Infirmities that we groan under. You are poor to Ndrth'Ammcii »7I popr and miferable^ but at the fame time you tffftdie.faenfifitJDf perfedlhcalth : But we who mpeyrthc Convjeoknces of life and the Inftru- isoDts of Eafe^ are forced either thro* Complai- Itfce or by the occafional Adventures of life, to Harder Our felves by an ihBnity of Debauches, toiwhidh you are never exposU ., ..^ • Adttioi My Brother, I come to Vifit thee, and im accoiBpany'd by my Daughter, who is about ipliariv, againdmy Will, a young Man that s II good . a Warriour as he's a forry Huntfman. iSfae.bas a mind to't ; and that is enough in our ^untry^ But 'tis not fo in Frame, where the Parents muft confent to the Marrying of their Cbildceti. I am obliged to comply with my Dau^ter's demands : For if I pretend to Marry Jipj^ain, ihe'd quickly return upon me ; What ii'jm think Father I jUn I your Slave ? Shall mot I p^fj my Liberty ? A^fi 1 for your, fancy , Marty a Man J do not care for ? How can I endure a Hmhaud ht buys my Corps of my Father, and what valae fhall Ikrae fir fncb a Father as makes Brokerage ef his l^eaghter to a Brute ? And how can- 1 have an ojfeBi^ mfor the Children of a Man I cannot love? Jfljhould Many him in obedience to you, and go from him in ff" ttm days time, as the Vrvuiledges and natural Liber - tiestf the Nation would allow ; youU tell me 'tis not veB done ; and'twould trouble you, all the World would kngb at it, and perhaps I might prove with Child.- Xbus^ dear Brother, would my Girlanfwer me, and it may be a great deal worfe, as it happened fome years ago to one of our old Men, whopre^ tended to Marry his Daughter to a Man (he did fiot love, for in my Prefence fhe faid a great ma* oy harfh things by way of Reproach : Infmuaring that a Man of Spirit ought not to expoie himfdf, ^ offering to advife a Perfon from whom he may receive iTt Sdme New Voyagei receive ibch affronts',* tieicher odghc^he 'tore^ quire :fuchrefpe<^s from his Children as he knows to be impradticable. She added' then, 'tww th» fie wot hu Daughter, and be might he fitijfieJy Ber- ber upon a Woman he loved at much as fie bated thi Hmband her Father had prdvidedfir her, Youmuft know, we never have a Marriage contraifted behi tween Relations, let the degree be never fo re- mote. Oar Women never Marry again after tliey're forty years of Age, becanfe the Chit-f dren they have after that Age are generally of a weakly Conftitution. Not that they are the more Continent for this : On the contrary, you'll fmd them more paffionately inclin'd than a Girl df twenty. And 'tis for this reafoa that they enter- tain the French fo kindly; nay, and fomettmes give- themfelves the trouble to foltow them. However jda know that our Women are not fo Fruitfiik» the French, tho* they admit of more frequent Emi braces ; which to me is very ftrange, for 'tis quite contrary to what might be expeded. Lahontan, 'Tis for the fame reafon, my poor Adario, that they Conceive not fo eafily as omi If they did not indulge thenifelves too much ill' the frequency of Embraces, and receive -em witb an'&ver-bearing Keennefs, the Matter calcula- ted for the prbdudion of Children, would have time to aifume the neceifary qualities for the bu- fmefs of Generation. It's the fame cafe with a Field that is Sowed cotitinually without being fuifered to ly Fallow, forat laft it will produce Bothing ( as Experience plainly fliews ,• ) on the other fide, if you forbear the Ground, the Earth regains its force, the Serene Air, the Rain and the Sun give it a new Sap, which makes the Seed to Sprout. But prithee, my dear Friend, fuflfer me to ask thee one Queftion. What is the rea- fon that the Women-Savages, being fo rarely Fruit- -*r- t9 Nerth-'AmeTka^ '73 le to re- \e bated tbH' Youmuft raifted bo-' ver fore- gain after the Chlt-r eraUy of a ethemorer you'll find aGirV 6f hey enter- ettmes gWe- However Fruicfobi iquentEiB^ or 'tis quite •3 J * . ily as OQH )o much th' fc -em witb sr calcula- ould have or thebu- ;afe with a jout being ill produce • ) on the the Earth Rain and s the Seed ind, fuflfet IS the rea- fo rarely Fruit- ft^tfVtU have thelocreafe of their Nation ib lit- ^ia.vkw, that, a; Woman fiiaii make her felf )4t^Ciy when the Father of the Child dies, or it l^iWd^ befoieihe is brought to Bed ? You'lUeU iqe, (he do's it. to fave her Keputation ; becaufe, v^ichout that Precaution fhe would never have lUiQther (iusbaiid. But it would feem the Inte- rdi of the Nation, which lies in its Increafe and Multiplication, is but little regarded by your Women. Now, it is not fo with ours, for^ as }P4, laid t'other day, our Courems de Bou and many others, find very often new Children ig their Houfes, at their return from their Jouc- ijEiys: But they, are not much di^tisfied, upon th|3 confidcration, that this adds :fo many Bodys for, the Nation, and fo many Souls for Heaven : fbo': after all, their Women undergo as much l^acjs. upon fuch occafions as yours. do, and prHStim^es are Imprifoned for Life, while yours are aiiow'd to entertain as many Gallants as they i pleafe afterwards. "lis a moft abominable .pioce of Cruelty for ^Woinan to make away with her Q^i^ ; ^^ Crime which the Author of Life will never jpiardpn : And this is one of the greateft AWles to be reformed among you. You ought to difcpuntenance Nakednefs too i for the liber- ty which your Boys have of going Naked, makes a terrible Hurricane in the; Minds of your young GiHs I as they are not made of Bcafs, fo the view of thofe parts which decency forbids me to name, can't but call up the Amorous Fire, cfpecially when the young Wantons (hew that Nature is neither dead nor untrue to. the Adventures of Love.; •■_* .^i-t;.'.. • . i' :■'•'■■ ■- '1"* Adam, I take it, you account forlthe Barren- neis of* our Women admirably,* for I- perceive how that may come to pafs : And as for the Cri- minal Pra^ice of our young Women in taking Potions s. 1 74 Swfie 2^'w Voya^ef Potions to make themfd?es Mifcafiy; t fyai your Refle^ons upon It are very juft. But what you fay of Nakedneis do's not ftand to Iteafbh, I allow that in a Nation where diftindions of Property are acknowledged^ you are very mucb in the right of it^ to cover not only fuch parts a> ought not to be nam'ii^ l>ut even all the parts ^ the Body. What life would the French tnakt of their Gold and their Silver ^ if they dij not imploy it in providing themfely^s wit^ jfine Cloaths ? Since in your Countiy Men are valued according to their Dreis^ fsitndtJ great advantage to be able to cover any Defe^ Nature with a handfome Habit ? In earrteft^ m kednefs ought not to offend any but fu^h as al« low Property. A deform'd or decrepit Maii a; none you has found the Secret of appearij^g Handfome or well Drefs'd^ In a Beau Perrtii| and fine Cloaths j under which 'tis impbffibleto diftinguiih Artificial Shapes from fuch as are Nit' turaL Befides, 'twould be a great inconvenitiii- cy fot the Europeans to go Naked j for thofe who are well provided would thefl find fi> imich lin* ployment^ and earnfo much Mony for good Set* vices^ that they would not dream of Marrying as long^ as they liv'd ; not to mention that the pronrifirtg^Afped would tempt the Married Wo* men to violate their Conjugal Vows. No^, thefe reafons can have no place among ib^ where ever^hing muft lit, whether great ot little, for the ^ung Women taking a view of the NaHe4 parts, make their choice by the Eye : Ahd for as much as Nature has obferv'd the meafures of Proportion in both Sexes, any Woman may be well aiTur'd what fiie has to expeft from a Hus- band. Our Women are as Fickle as yours, and for V«i to Nortt-America. '7y fof that reafofi the moft defpicable Man her& Uirer delpaira of having a Wife ,* for as evecy Ithifig appears naked and open to fight^ fo every 1(^1 choofes according to her Fancy^ without |{e|ar mov'd by her, laked Breads. A due reformation of this inde- Ifent Cuftom would be a means to preferve their lusbands from the Chimerical Dillemper of lorns^ which you plant upon their Foreheads nthout ever touching or feeing them^ and that \y a Miracle I can't fathom : For if I plane an vpple-tree in aGarden it does not grow upon the 3p of a Rock ; and in like manner one would unk your invilible Horns fhould take root only in ft! i 1^1 ■^ I ;^ 6 Some liew Voyages in the place where their Seed is fowti^ and ap« pear in the Foreheads of the Women^ as being a juft reprefentaticn of the Husbandi'4nd the Spark's Tools. Ii fine^ this whim of the Horm is a horrid piece of Indifcretion ; for why fhouU you affront the Husband becaufe his Wife takes her Pleafure? If in Marriage a Man marries a Woman*s Vices, then the French way of iJUt* riage is an Oath that runs counter to right Rea- fon, or elfe a Man muft keep his Wife under Lock and Key to avoid tjie difhonour of her Vices. The Husbands that retain to the homed j Lift muft needs be very numerous ; for I can't Imagine that a Woman can brook the feveriiy of an eternal Ghain^ without having recourfetoj fome good Friend to foften her AfBit^ion. I| fhould pardon the French if (hey made the Ma^l Hage to ftand only upon certain Conditions, that IS upon the Pro^/i/o that the Woman have Chil- dren, and that both (he and her Husband keep their Health, fo as to be able to difcharge the Marriage Duties as they ought to do. This is all the Regulation that can be made in a I Nation that ftands to Meum and 7««»».— You Cbrlfiians have another impertinent Cuftoin J which I can't but take notice of. Your Men I glorv in the Debauching of Women, as ifl yielaing to the Temptations of Love were not! equally Criminal in either Sex. Your young Sparks ufe their utmoft Efforts to tempt tbel Maids and married Women ; they fet all nieaiKl at work to compafs their end,* ana when Maftenl of their Wilhes talk publickly of the Adventure J upon which every body Cenfures the Lady, m\ cries up the Cavalier, whereas the former meritsjil Pardon, and the latter deferves to be Punilh'd. How d ye think your Women ftiould be Faithfull toyou, if you are Faithkfs to them? Ifthej "'•■^ " married! to North^Amctiail ^77 married Men keep their Cracks^ will not theli^ Wives keep Company with other Lovers ? And if a Husband prefers Gaming and Drinking to hb Wive*s Company, will not his Wife Solace . her felf in the Company of a Friend? Would you have your Wives to be Wife and Dsfcreet| and like ours, you muft Love *em as your felf es, and take Care not to fell 'em j for I know fome Husbands among you , that confent at iluitnefully to the Debauching of their Wives, as fome Mothers do to the Profiituting qf their Daughters, and in fuch cafes Necelfinr obliges em to it. From hence it appears, that 'tis a great Happinefs for the Hurmt that they are not tedttc'd to the prance of fuch mean Adionsj as Miiery occaHons among thofe who are not inur'd to it. We are at all times neither rich pp^ poor, and our Happine^ upon this (core I i^es tar beyond all your Riches j tor we are not forc'd to expofe our Wives and Daughters to I (ale, in order to live upon their Drudgery in the way of Love. Youl lay our Wives and Daugh** ters are foolilh and fimple j and indeed I grant the Allegation, for they can't write BiUet dous to their Acquaintances as yours do ^ nay, if they cbold write they have not the fenfe to fingle out V the Rules of Phyfiognomy a faithful old Wo- man that fhall carry their Love-letters, andob- ferve a profound Silence. O ! that cnrfed Wri- ting,* that pernicious Invention of the Europeans who tremble^ at the fight of their own Chimeras. which they draw themielves, by the ranking and Nifpofal of three and twenty fmall Figures, that ke Calculated, not for the Inftrudion but for the Perplexing of Men's Minds. According to hfour Notions of things, the Harom are likewife IboUfh in not minding the lofs of a Maiden- |U in the Girls they take in Marriage, and in Mm con* ! i T^i Sme tJHsw Voyages cohdefcendirig to marry the very Women that their own Companions have turn'd off: But prithee tell me. Brother, are the French the wifer for fancying that a Girl is a Maid becaufe (he cries and fwears 'tis fo ? Nay, fuppofmg her ^o be a true Maid, is the Conquert the greater? No, fure, on the contrary the Husband is oI>. lig'd to teach her a Trade that (he'll prai^ife with others at a time when he is not in a condi- tion to continue the daily Exercife. As for our marrying Women feparated from former Hus- bands, is not that the fame thing as marrying a Widows With this dif&rence Only, that our Wo- men have ill: reafon to be peiiwadej^j t^at we Love *efn, whereas your Widows have reafon tp ' believe that you marry their Riches rather than their Perfons. How many Families are reduc'd tK> diforder or Ruin by fuch Marriages with Wi- dows? But after all you do not pretend to re- drefs fuch diforders^ becaufe the evil is incurable as long as the Conjugal Tye lafts for Life. OncjS more, I'll take the liberty to mention anotft^r >'A iwU piece of Madnefs praiflis'd among yoi; indeed is down right Cruelty to my Mind." Your I Marriages are indiiTolvable, and yet a Youthaod a Girl that burn in the mutual flames of Lo?eJ can't marry without the confent of their Parents.! Both the one and the other muft marry whol their Fathers pleafe, in oppofition to their owfll •Inclination, tho' their Averfion to the PerM propos'd be fo great, that they hate html . mortally. The inequality of Age, Eftate ami Birth is the fource oF all thefe Inconveniencesi they overrule the mutual Love of the twoPatj ties that like one another. What Cruelty | i What Tyranny I and that prauftice among you who abhor a community of Goods, that a Nobleman or Gentleman (hould give his eldeft Son almoft all that he has, and force the other Brethren and Sifters to reft fatisfied with a Tri- fle, tho' perhaps that eldeft Son is not a Lawful Cbild^ and all the reft are ? The Confequence of this fs, that they throw their Daughters into perpetual Prlfons, with a fore of Barbarity which is not fuitable to the Chriftian Charity that the Jefuits preach up. As for the other Sons, I they are forc'd to turn Priefts and Monks, in order no live by the fine Trade of praying to God againft their will, of preaching what they do not pradife, and of perfuading others into I the belief of what they disbelieve themfelves. If any of 'em take up a Military ProfeflSon, they defign the pillaging the Nation more than the guarding off her Enemies. The Fr^nci&donoc I fight for the Intereft of their Country as we do ; 'ds their own Intereft and preferment to higher iPofts that they have in view. The Love of their Country and of their Fellow-Citizens does not prevail fo much with them as Vanity, Am- bition and Riches. In fine, my dear Brother, I conclude this Difcourfe in aifuring thee. That |tbe Chriftians Self4ove is apiece of Folly that Mm 2 the I* 1 80 Some New Voyages the Hmom will ever condemn ; and chat Folly which tin^ures all your Adions is remarkable in a diftinguifhing manner in the way of your A- mours and Marriages \ which, I muft lay, is a$ unaccountable as the People are who fuffer themfelves to be catch'd in that Noofe. Lahontan, AJario, you remember I fee forth before, that the Adions of Rogues are no Stan- 1 dard for thofe of honourable Men. I own the Juftnefi of your Genfure as to fome AdiomJ which we alfo difallow of. I acknowledge that the diftindion of Pro^rtv is the fource of ui infinity of Paffions, of which you are clear'd. But if you take things by the right handle, cfp^ daily our way of making Love and MarryiflgJ the good order of our Families, and the Educa- tion of our Children, you'l find a wondeiibll ,Condudin all our Connitutions. That Liber- ty which the Hurons preach up occafions difinall Diforders. In their way theChildrenareMaileni well as the Fathers ; and Wives who ought natu- rally to be fubjed to their Husbands are inveftedl with an equal Authority. The Daughters fcor uj the Advice of their Mothers when there's al Lover in the cafe. In a Word, all this fcene o( Liberty reduces the way of Life to a continueii courfe of Debauchery, by granting to MatureJ in Imitation of the Brutes, an unlimited fati} fadion to all its Demands. Your fingle Women place their Wifdom in concerting and conceal'] ing their lewd Adventures, *i. e. to enter into To run with * a Match in, 1n^hf''Ni^f'lZT your Villages, is the fam in tbi rifgbt time ;', . _ n. w n. J mthaLigk ^hing as ftrolhng after Whore in ours. All youi young Men roll from Hut to Hut upon fuch M\ ventures while the Night lafts. The Doors o| every Girls Chambers are open to all Guef aflfl to NortJ^America. i8i and if a young Man comes that fhe does not like (he pulls the covering over her Head^ the meaning of which is^ that me is Proof againft his Temptation : But it another comes^ perhaps (he JiifFers him to fit down on the Foot of her Bed^ in order to a dry Conference^ without going farther ,• that is to fay, (he has a mind to make a fetter of this poor Fellow, that (he may have fereral Strings to herBow.In comes a thira,whom Ihe jilts with more refined Politicks^and allows to We near her upon the Coverings of the Bed. But when this Spark is gone, in comes a fourth^ towhofe Embraces (he readily grants her Bed, and her fpreading Arms, for two or three Hours together ; and tho* he is far from trifHing away the time in empty Words, yet the World takes it to be fo. Behold, my dear Mario, the Lewd- nefi of the Huronsy difguis'd with a Pretext of honeft Converfation. and that fo much the more that how indifcreet (o ever any of their Gallants nay be to their MiftrefTes ( which rarely hap- pens) the World is {o far from giving Cre- dit to *em, that they brand 'em with Jealoufie, which amongft you is a defamatory Affront. This being premis'd, 'tis no wonder that the ^- Mtricans won't hear any thing of Amours in the Day time, upon the Plea that the Night was made for that purpofe. In France this way of Intreguing is term'd Cacber adroitment Sonjeu, dex- terouily to conceal ones Defigns. If there's any thmg of Wantonnefs and Debauchery amongil our Wenches, there is at leaft this difference, that the Rale is not General, as it is amongft yours ; and befides they don't go fo brutifhly to work with it. The Amours of the European Women lire Charming, they are Conftant and Faithftl |to Death, ana wlien tliey are fo weak as to yield a Lover the laft Favours, they have a greater Mm; regard ITil 1 8 2 Some New Voyages reg^d to their inward Merit than to an patward Apf^erance ; and ^tis not the gratifying of their own Paflion that they have fo much in view, as the defire of giving their Lovers fenfible Proofi of their Affedion. The French Gallants feek to pleaie their Mifteifes by Methods that are alto- gether agreeable, as by Refped/ Attendance, atld Complaifance ,* they are Patient, Paffion- ate, and always ready to Sacrifice their Lives and Fortunes for 'em. They lye fighing a long time before they dare to attempt any thing, for they are Felblv'a to merit the laft Favour by loi^ Services ; they are ieen upon their Knees at their MiftreiTes Feet, to beg the priviledge of kifSng the Hand ,* and as a Dog follows his Mafter, watching over him when he Sleeps, fo 'mongft i|s, a true Lover ne'er quits his Midrefs, nor (huts his Eyes, but that he may dream of her k his Sleep. If any one is found fo hot upont as bluntly to Embrace his Miftrefs upon the very firft occaHon, without any regard to her Weak- ncfs, he paffes with us under the Chara<5ter of a Savage^ that is to iliy, a meer Ckwn^ that begfe where others leave off. r. ^:f'' Adario, Ho, ho, my dear Brother ; are the French e're a whit the wifer for calling this fort of People Savaj^e ? In truth, I did not believe that Word figni^y'd with you, a Prudent think* ing Man. I'm glad with all my Heart at this piece of News, not doubting but one Day you may give the name of Savage to all the French^ who will be wife enough to follow exa■' I i s?" ^i. Mm 4. SOME AP ?ortug LE Dated a Containg a forto^ Ax with a > and an Laws, Ci of the ?c SIR, I Begin n Una fd meanin] bad Ne have Spirit er tunc. The I ( t8y ; AN APPENDIX, Containing Some New VOYAGES T O V Portugal and Denmark L E T T E R I Dated ac Lisbon^ April 2o. 16^4. Containg a Defcription of Fiana , Torto a Porto f AveirOf Coimhra^ Lisbon i together with a View of the Court of Portugal; and an Account of the Government, Laws, CufiomSy Ck>mmerce and Humours oi the Portuguefe. SJRj I Begin my Letter with that ancient faying ; Una falm vi^is nnUam Jherare falutem ; my meaning is, that after the receipt of fome bad News relating to my bufmefs, I find* I have Spirit enough to brave all the Jolts of For* tune. The Univerfe which Swallows and Jefu- its 1^^ 8».>. 1 8 (J Som$s Kew Voyages its take for their Country^ mud likewifebe mine ; till fuch time as it pleates God to fend to thee- ther World, fome Perfon$ that do him very little Service here. I am glad my Memoirs of Canada pleafe you. and that my Savage Style did not tui'n your Af- fedion : Tho' after all, you have no xeafon to criticife upon my Jargon, for boijh you and I arc of a Country, where no body can fpeak French but when they are notable to open their Mouths: Befides, 'twas not poflible for me who Went fo young to America, to find out in that Country, the Myftery of Writing Politely. That's a Sci- ence that is not to be learn d among the Savages, whofe Clownifli Society is. enough to. ftfteln a brutifb twang upon the Politeft Man in the (World. Since you prefs me to continue my Ac-i counts of what new things I meet with, I wilJ lingly comply with yotir defirt ; but you muft| not'expC(ft chofe nice Defcriptions you fpeak of, for if I pretended to any fuch thing, I HiOuldexJ pofe my I'elf to the Derifion of thofe to whoni| you may fhew my Letters. I am not fufficient )y qualify 'd to outdo the curious Remarks tld an infinity of Travellers haye pubjilb'd, *Tis enough for me if I furniibyou with fomeprivate| Memoirs of fome thi;igs that other Traveller! have Wav'd, as being beneath their regard : Andl for as much as thefe Memoirs treat of fuch Subtj je«5ts as were never yet handled in Print, youl will meet with lome Sati$fa<5lion upon the fcore of their Novelty. With this View, I (hall M very punAual in Writing to you from time tol time, from whatever corner of the World my Misfortunes may lead me to ,• but upon th'scon dition, tluc you fiiall take an exaA care to Ictmej have your Anfwers. In the mean time, I mn" acquaint you chat I can't undertake to Frenchit thd ,i anc oea anc Series '^ided tl Relatio: aifift 'or Hands a afterCo to Portugal and Denmark. 1 87 Ithe Foi^ign Names ; and therefore (hall Write m as the People of the Country do, leaving it to you to pronounce 'em as you pleafe. You remember I Writ to you about ten Weeks Lgbj that upon laying down three hundred Pi- ftd!es to the Captain of the Ship that brought me mm Placentia to Vianay I had the good iuck to get a Shoar there ; and fo I ihall refume the thread of my Journal^ from that place where I laft took leave of it. I had no fooner jump'd out of the Sloop, than a French Gentleman, who has ferv'J . the King o£ Tcrtugal tlnefs four and thirty years fin the quality of a Captain of HorfCjCame and offered me the ufe of Lf/J^sch^"'*' hisHoufe, for in that place there's terg'/»/V«ft™' 00 publick Houfes but fuch as are Calculated for common Seamen. The next day this old Officer advis'd me to go and wait upon Dm John of Souza, Governour General of the Province between the Douro and the Minho. H^ aquainted me farther, that every body gave him the Title of L* Excellentia ; and that he gave the hitkofSenGria only to the Gentlemen of the firft Rank, and * Merced to all the reft. When I heard this, I chofe inftead *J^]"ilf^'' of fpeaking Spanijh to him, to make ^f,an^ouT life of an Interpreter, who Meta- morphos'd all the Tous of my Compliment into \i Vmuguefe Excellentia. 1 Viana lies five Leagues to the Weft ward o^ Bra- \l»i and is inclosM in a Right- Angle made by the ISea and the River Lima, Here I iaw two Mona- peries of BenediBine Nuns, which were fo ill pro- vided that they would Starve for Hunger, iftheir Relations and [| Devoto's did not affift em. Upon the Sea Side there Hands a very good Caftle, Fortified lafterCounr Pagan's way :'Tis covered I! i. e. thofe rvho have a rejpeH for the Nuns. 4^' with I ■ I i' • 88 ' Some New Voyages with feveral large Culverines^ which guard olfl the Sallymen from Accacking the VefTels that iye at Anchor in the Road. In this Road, the Ships are Shelcer'd from the fourteen Points of the Wind, that lye between North and Souths in by Eaft. The River is a bavre de bane ^ or * Bar- Raven, which no Ship vcn- * UQ. A port jm.gg ypQj^ without calling out Pi. at full se* i twifted[ round. The Ships come jw fur of tou' all in at High Water, and when the sbin^thesdnds Tide runs out are left dry, unlefs Z!!'smT they Ride upon the Pit, which has ston'iy rhtiy always eight or ten Fathom at low Vorto,Aveirco, Water. MondegOy dni lUbmij are aU Havres de Barre. Mr, 4. I hir'd two Mules, one for my felf and! another for my Man, at the rate of three Sfanl}) Piafters or Cobs,* and put on fo briskly that lar-l liv'd that Night at Torto a Porto, which was twelve Leagues oiF. Thefe Creatures Amble both fail and fmoothly, without Stumbling or tyring the Rider. Your Cavaliers have the convcniency of relHng thcmfelves when they will upon the Portmantles which are faften'd to two Iron Rings at the Pummel of the Saddle. The Saddles of tliat Country are too hard for fuch a Lean Man as me. The Road between f^tana and Porto a Porto is Stony, but pretty good ; the Ground lies upon a Level, the ProfpedHs pleafant, and the ScA Side is adorn'd with feveral large Villages, the chief of which are Expofende, Faons, and f^ilii dc Z^,3:li. When I arriv'd at Porto, my Guide c.iny'd mz to an Englllh Inn, the only one that was fi( to entertain Gentlemen. This City is cramm'd wi:h Frcnchj Engl'Jlj and Dutch Mtfrchants, who to Portugal and Denmark. 1 8p who croud thither upon the account of the Com- merce i tho* the latter have fuffer'd by't fuffici- cntly, fmce the beginning of the War, by ver- tueof the Civility of our Privateers, who make no fcruple to take their Ships. Porto fiands upon the declivity of a Steep Hill, the Foot of which is Walh'd by the River Douro, that falls into the Sea a League lower upon a t Barr, This Bar which * ^ Bar, pfoperljf fped. lies in the Mouth of the kin^isaBaniijfs'iwU \dmo, IS fo fufpeaed by ,,,y> ^f.^ ^^^,J ^ ^^ Sailors, that they never ap- Rivm that have ma proach to it, but when the fi^eient Rapidity to thrm Weather is good, and when M 'wo the sedtbe Ley have fome of the Pilots V;n'J::,rthet:L of the Country on Board ,• hiiw hard from the for upon the Sand of the ^^in, AU^xsmayhe Bar there are Rocks, fome J-*'^;' **",*' f /^S*' k'JJ-.^ -«J r^^- V-«« for I never heard 6f a hiT Ibiddcn and fome feen , ccnfifting of a ?idgi ef which render it inacceiiible Rocks. Now this, ^a^ to Strangers. A Ship of rifes nearer to the surface four hundred Tun may t'^'.f^'"'!!; f'^^'f^^'i^ jcii . ^ u'^1 *^'» '» * Planiy /o that come over exaAly at high ships can't gel mr it Water ; which is pun(5iual- but at high water, ly the time that any Ship oaght to make this River. Here we fee a fine Key reaching from one end of the Town, to the other, upon which every Veffel is Lafli^d over againft the owners Doors. In this River, I had the opportunity of viewing the BrajilVXttt^ con- fiding of thirty two Tortuguefe Merchantmen, the leaft of which carry 'd two and twenty Guns. Ifaw likewife feveral Foreign Ships, arid parti- cularly five or fix French Privateers, that put in there to Buy Provifions and Ammunition. ^orto is a Stately fine City, and well Pav'd ,• I)ut its Scituation upon a Mountain is incccveni- . : ,;': ■ ,.'.'".'"' ,' : : :• ."^-ent. m i^^ i' )' i ipo Some New Voyages enc^ in regard th.n it obliges one to be always upon the Afcent or Defcent. The Gallery of the Regular Canons of St. Aufiins is as curiousa piece of Architediure for its uncommon length , as their Church is with refpedfc to the roundnefs of its Figure, and the Riches of the infide. In this City they have a Parliament, a Biihoprick, Aca- demies for the Exercifes of young Gentlemen^ and an Arienal for the fitting out of the Men of War, that are Built every year near the Mouth of the River. I wonder that this Town is not better Fortified, efpecially confidering 'tis the Second City in Portugal. Ics Walls are fix Foot thick, and at certain diftances (hew us the Ruines of old Towers that time has levell'd with the Ground. They were built by the Moors, and are the moft irregular piece of Work that thofe times produced : So that you may eafily guefs whether 'twould be any hard matter to take this Town at the firft Attack. 'Tis well for the Tortuguefe that this Province, which is one of the beft in fertugal, is almoin in- acceflible to their Enemies whether by Sea or Land ,* the Sea Side being guarded by Barrs^ and the Land by impra<^cable Mountains. 'Tis ve- ry Populous, and all its Valleys which are full of Towns and Villages, afford great quantities ol Wine and Olives, and feed numerous Flocks ol Cattel, the Wool of which is pretty fine. Thisl I Write upon tUe Information of fome Frem Merchants, who are perfe(5);lv well acquainted with this Province. I am told that 'tis impoffibk to make the Douro Navigable, by reafon of the Water-Falls and Currents that run between the prodigious Rocks. This, Sir, is all I know of the matter; fo Ihooe you'll content your felf witf tc. ■^ -.f .9 .* - .-* i W -^ «4 •. t^;. Tb apret their Origii mho. moft three ward Lti^m Moun Th( talk'd toldm mefoi that Trave to Portugal and Denmark. 15^1 . The lotb I fee out for Luhn in a Sedan, which iHir'd for eighteen thouland fix hundred Reys, a number ofpieces that are enough toirighcen chofe who do not know that they are but Pmm. Since the Vortuguefe State all their Accounts in this faihi- on I I muft acquaint you that a Key is nothing clfc but a Dinltr^ or the 12th part of a Penny } ^d that this numerous quantity of Pieces amounts to no more than twenty five Tiafires, My Litter- Man ingag'd for this Fare to fet me down at Uhony on the nintt| day of March ; tho' at the fame time^ he was obhg'd to go two or three Leagues put of his way, to fatisfie the Curiofity I had to pafs by the way of Ay tiro, where I ar** fiv'd the next day. -v « ? AwirQ is a paltry HttJe Town Seated on the Sea Side^ and upon the Banks of a little River^ Guarded by a Bar, which the Ships that draw nnder nine or teii foot Water, Qrofs at High Wa- ter by the diredion of the G oaft ing Pilots. 'Ti$ Fortified after the Moorijh way, as; well as Porto, In this place, there's as much Salt made as will I ferve two or three Provinces. 'Tis adorn'd with a pretty Monaftrey of Nuns, who give proof of their ancient Nobility and Origin from the f Chriftiaon t i. e. Ancient Chrifti- Wo. The Country gives a ^J^^; ^^l'^"^ '^cmnl'^l moft pleafant Profped for "J^J^" \f\^, bTng\l three Leagues to the £a(i- cammm. ward ; that is, to the great hihm Road, which is Hemm'd in by a ridge of Mountains from Vorto to Coimhra. The 14/A I arriv'd at Coimhra^ and when I talk'd of Seeing the Univerfity, my Sedan- Man told me that this piece of Curiofity would ftcp me for a whole day : So that I can only tell you that this Univerfity you find mention'd in fome Travels, is render'd Famous by the King of Tor- > «i '4- 19* Sv >: .'v ■ The next day after my Arrival at i«Aw, t Iwaited upon the Abbot d' Efirees ; whom the K. M Portugal has a great refpe .*;•"-' i)(>-.- -;K-'"». foH -*--< ;■ ^ 1 94 ^^^ ^^^ Vvi^£^^ Tabjp: 19 nice and weU ibrvU Oftentimes h^ entertains the PerfoQs of Note^ who would act viri^ hlmj if he did not give 'em the Precedeacyt Thbpieceof deference would have feem'd ridicu- lous, if the King his Mafter had not ordered it to be fo in Mr. D' Q^tdt\ * m Wit formerly Am- * time : For it loolis very bifuhttr tt this drnrt, ^^ j^ fee the meaneft En- fign in the Army take the Right hand of an Amoafladour^ who demfstj^t Precedency to all the Minifters of the Secoi^ Rate. The Vortuguefi Noblemen and Gentljemeii are Men of Honour and Honefty, but they a^e fo full of themfelves that they fancy themtelini tbe Pureft and Ancienteft Stock of Nobility aii| Gentry in the World. Tho& of diftinguiflup^ Tidf^s es^pe^ your Excellency for theii: CompelU^ tipn J apdi they are (o tender of their Digiugi, that tt^ey never vifit any one that lodgesKj public^ Hpuie. Nonebut Perfonsofanlllunii- ous Birth are dignify'd wit^ ± %c- ,«> J I .a, t the Title of t ^<»» i for tiic L*&K.:S;ft/.t mpft honourable Pofts cant MeflirQ, 4»i with the Intitle em to that Veneri: Spanifli, Sire vt sieur, ble CharaAer i infomuch wm i6e Cpblers, (iTc. jj^at the Secretary of State, tUim as tbw due, „,^ . ^^ovr » j ■'^c ««. i ^. ..*^ iv .>:.s., who is poflelsd ot oneot the greacelt Polrs m th&, l^ingdom, do's not pretend to aflume it. The King of Portugal is of a large Stature, ani) jxrelllSiade ,* he has a very good Meen, tho' hi$, Complexion is fomewhat Brown« 'Tis faid,he ii as conftant in his Refolutions^ as in his Friend** (hip. He is perfectly well acquainted with th^ State of his Country. He is (o Liberal and fufi of Bounty, that he can fcarce refufe his Subje^ the Favours they ask. The Duke of CaJaval hi^ firft Miniiter and Favourite has potent Enemies; *:•>* >' upofll to Portugal W Dehmarl^. %pj fipbh the account that he appears more Zealoui for his Nfaftcr than the other Courtiers i and » (he fame tlme^ more hearty for the Frmeb Inte« reft. The Situation and various Profpeds oiUthm would Entitle it to the Chara^er of one of, thz fineft Cities in Mwropt^ if it were not (b ?cry nafty« Irftandsupon feven Mountains/rom whence yoa have a View of the finefl Land-Skip in the World, ts well as of the Sea^ the River Tah, and the Forts that guard the Mouth of Che Riven This Mbmitainons City puts the People to a great in* cbuvenience^ that are forced to walk on foot | kot this inconvenience afFe^s Strangers and Tra- rellen moft, whofe Curiofity is in lome meafure thwarted by the trouMe of rambling ftill upoli Scents and defcents ; for you can't have the ac- ciipmodatton of Hackny-Coaches> that are com- isxiVL elfew^ere. Here We meet with Stately and Magnificent Churches ; the moft confiderable of which are La Ceu^ Noife Dame de LoretOy San Vt* \ tatty San' Roch^ San Tahlo^ and Samo DomhtgOi The BenediSHn Monaftery of St. Bento is the fineft I and beft Inidow*d Monaftery that the Town af* fonk ; But lad Month part of its fme Fabrick was Burnt down by an unfortunate Fire ; and ppon chat occaiTon I faw more Silver Plate car- jried out of k than dx great Mules could carry. If the King's Palace were finifli'd^ 'twould be lone of the nobleft Edifices in Eume ; but the compleating of it would coft at leait two Milli« ons of Crowns. Strangers lodge for the moft \m in the Houfes that Front the Taio, I know petal French Merchants^ fome Popifh and fome iFiroteftants, who are very confiderable Traders linthis Country. The Popifli iT-en^A Merchants lare protc<^ed by France j and the Proteftants take phelter under the Englifh and Dtttch, Here we N n 2 reckon if* it*',' ;i »96 v:^i S0m Nep Voyages ,. . reckon, alinoft; Fifty Englijh Families, and asi fpa.. ay Dutcb^^ befides lome other Foueigners, ,\ylio ik> all of *en> get Eftates in a very little tim^, by the great vent of the Commodities of th^ ■Country. The Engltjh Bactat, or the CMefier light Stuffs fell admirably vi^ellin this Plaice ; and ^here's great Profit got upon the French Linnq^ the Tour J and Lions Silk Stuffs^ French Ribbands, Lace and Iron Ware i which are ballanc'd by Sugar, Tobacco, Indigo, Cacao Nuts, e^-r. The. Alfanjign^ ojr Duty of Sugar and Tob^qp^ is one of the beft Branches of the : Royal K^^t. Iiue, as well 9s that on Silk, Linnen and Woolli^ ^Cloath, ;Which the Merchants are obliged tp|i(j^ ^tamp'd upon the payment of a certain Duty proportionable to the value and quality of the iffbas.. Your dry*d Cod pa^^s almoft Thirty .fer ^ent- Cuflom ; fo that there's fcarce any ijt ' igcH; by Importing of them, unlefs it be w ^the firft Ships, comje in from NetifounJUnd, To- !bacco, whether in Snnfh or in Rolls^ is fold Retail at the fame price as in, France ; (or Sn is worth two Crowns a Pound^ ^nd the oty Tobacco K fold for about Fifty Pence. % eade to evade the Cufioms, if one has a ri^ ^uiiderflanding with the Guards, who are a par £el of Knaves that the found of a Piflole wi make as flexible as you can wifh. NoPprt ceau or Cloakbag can be carried into the Cii, without being fearch^d by thefe doughty Cleii .tlemen. Galloons, Fringes, Brpcado's, and Gof or Silver Ribbands are Confiscated as Cpt^tr band Goods ; for no Perfpn, of what Statii foever, is allow'd to , have Silver or Gplfl Thrw either in his Cloaclis or the , Fumirure of •Houle. ■ A, , ■;■■- ^■; :,.^-w;.;-" g.. All Books, in what Language foever, arcii . mediately laid" before the Inquintion, and bur to if they do banal, of i Pathetick '. W the £vij jral, I fay. Flames thar t^at ijf this {h?5 Author hrsfd; an uke care col (jrandees of d^s Sandifie tciview wit! jrmmg n t^P People « liVdfeveral l^nt the Ff Kie Prifoners Tbu the Irof I than thofe oi l«jf their Rela l^infliaed ti I Eiiemies of t 1 In former Veneration fc [enter into the [the good Fat ping elfe th rthcyare not iced I muft [live fuch lew ftxtravagant E Nrcd times. jPppe's Nunci IfiDlftn ,• for t panlimitedas to Pomigat 4w^ Denmark. \p^ if they do not pleafe the Inquifitors. This TrU biinal^ of which a French Phyllcian gives us a Pathedck Defcription^ from the fad experien^ tt the ]Bvils he underwent at Goa ; this Tribn* lial, I fay, which belches out more Fire and llames than Mount Gibel, is fo hot upon the Point t^at iif this Letter came before 'em, bpth it and thf; Author would be in equal danger of being borii'd ; and 'tis upon this Confideration that I take car€ to hold my Peace^efpecialty fmce the veiy ^andees of the Kingdom are affistd to fpeak of tf4sSan<^}iied Office. Some Days ago I had an la* tciyiew with a fenfible wife Portuguefey who after Mgtming me of the Manners and Cuftoms of ^ii Voopic of Angola and Brafil, where he had lir'd federal Yeai^, took pleafure to hear me re- (o^nt the Faihions lind Humours of the Savages ^fidmaJa ; but when I came to the broiling of lie Prifoners of War that fall into theHan<£of the Ito^fty he cry'd out with a furious Accent, TbU the Iroquefe of Portugal v/Qte yet more cruel than thofe of America, in burning without Mer- t;y their Relations and Friends, whereas the lat^ ^^l^inflided that Punidiment only upon the cruel demies of their Nation. In former Times the Vortuguefe had fuch a Veneration for the Monks, that they fbrupl'd to m^v into their Wives Chambers, at a time when the good Fathers were exhorting them to fome- thing elfe than Repentance ; out now a days they are not allow'd fo much Liberty : And in*^ deed I mud own, that the greateft part of em live fuch lewd and irregular Lives, that their ^travagant Debauches have Hiock'd me a bun- ired times. They have Indulgences from the Pppe's Nuncio to follow all manner of Liber- jlnifm ; for that Papal ^d^nifter, whofe Power is unlimited as to Ecclefiafticks, gives 'em leave, N n ? , not- :a ^A 1^8 • Sme Nim Vvf^es notwithftatiding the Remcmftrances of tKdf S<}«* periors^ c6 weiir a Hat in the City, ( «. e. to g^ al^ut without a Companion ) to lie out of tie Convent^ and even to take a Country Journey now and then. Perhaos they would be wifei<^ an4 their number would be fmaller^ if they we^e not oblig'd ( as well as the Nuns ) to m^ their Vows at 14 Years of Age. Moftof the ?or^i AmbaiTadors are drawn by fix Horfes ofMulei* Mithin the City Walls ^ out of the Gity, in. d6ed^ your Perions of Quali^ may have a huti» dred ifthey will ; but within the Walls Ihey dare not have more than four. The Ladies and the old Gentlemen are carried in Sedans ot Chairs^ fo that Chariots are^only made u^ ^ by th6 younger Noblemen ; none are alloW'ihi^ | make ife of Coaches and Sedans but the Noi^» Uty^ Envoys, Rbfidents, Confuls, and Ecclefiat flicks; fo that th(3 richeft Citizens and Mer- chants muft content themfelves with a fort ^ Calafli with two Wheels, drawn by one Horie^ and driven by themfelves. The Mules that ei** ry the Utters or Sedans are larger, finer and ittt fo broad Chefted as thofe of Amtergne, A Bracp of em, generally fpeaking, is worth Eight hua^ dred Crowns ,• nay fomo of *em will fetch Twelve hundred, efpecially if they come from the Country of the famous Don ^ixot, which lies at a great diftance from Lhlfon, The Coach Mules come ivom Efiremadur a, and are worth a- bout a hundred Piftoles a Pair. The Saddle and Carriage Mules, and the Sfaniffi Horfes, are Ctni per Cent dearer than in Cafiile, When 'tis fair Wea- ther the young Sparks ride up and down the City on Horfe-back, on purpofe to (hew them- felves to the Ladies, who like Birds in a Cage ■ - have to Portugal W Denmark. 199 h4v6 Ho other PHvilege thJm . t,. thit of viewing Chrocighthe *• *mndmswkb^ Ghtnk* of Jealoufie the Crea- ^^m tbt mer- tores Whole Cottipany they wifli. ^^HHi^^ for in thei^ Pfifons. The Monks liXin^^T #ho are j^videdfoi: by Indow- ments make tio Vifits on Foot, for their Gohvent keeps a certain number of Saddle Mules, which t|ief make ufe of by turns : And 'tis won^rful C^ iflical to fee the good Fathers patrol and wheel ibout the Streets with great long crown'd Haiti lyte Sugar-loafs, aud Spedacles that coyer three fitmths of theic Face* Tho' LislfOH^ aver^large City, and a place of great Trade, ytt there's but two good Beittb Ihns or Ordinaries in the whcde Town, wheie Oiie may eat tolerably well for five and thirty 900^, Meah Queftionle^ the number of good Ordinaries would be enlarged in cOurfci if thft furliiguefe took pleafur^ in Eatkig and prinking j for then they would not contemn thofe who are loQicitous CO find out gdod Gheer. They are npt contented with diraaining the Trade of an lookeeper ; but the very name of a Publick lioafe is fo odious to them, that they fcorn to yifitany Geiitleman that Lodges in thofe charm- ing Quarters. For this reafoh. Sir, yo^ would do well to advife any Friend of youts, tfiac has I the Curiofity to Travel into "Pcrtugaly and means tp make any ftay in this Town, to go into a Penfion at fome French Merchants Houfe. One \my feed very well in this Town, only 'tis fome^ what dear. The ^/ew/*w Poultry, the ^,Uhal Hares and Partridges, and the Algarva Butchers N($at eat admirably welt. The Lamego Bacon and Hams are nicer Food than thole of Mayence . I and Bayonne ; and yet that fort of Meat fits fo utieafie upon the Stomach of a P^n^^^/^, that. N n 4 u 5 i too . *>i^^ Swte Hew Vyiigi§f^ r^i if 'twere not for the Confumption m the^Mooli and laqoifitorsHoufe^ there would fearer || Any Hogs jn aUPflrrni<»/. The Parriipki/e Wio^ ixt trpng and have a good Body, efpecially t|^ lied Wilier which run very near to a Black Co^ lour. The Akgnste and Bona a ^4yr«' Wines ace 2lhe fineft and thofe of the thineft Body. >^ 'Ifh^ King never tails Wine, and th^ Perfooi nf Qialky drink i^i it^t very feldom/ no ^oie than the Women- To fathom the reafon pftJui Abftinence we nurft oonfider that Venm has f^^^ HA lotensft in. IStfrmgal , that the Face of kar Charms hadi always kept ^accbrnfromimiton^ tag in. thiS; Country. »ere that Qoddei$ cad« fo much Idolatry, thaf ibe feems to diipute WktU Ihfi true God for n right to the Woribip an4 A- doration of the Fort$iguefe, and that in the mt Saeitd Places ,* for ^tlie Churches and ProGe%iRj makc^he cQmttiQn^andex,vous where die Audio* lous Alignments are mit 'Tis jhere that the * Banildt' ros, the Ladies of Pleafure afl^ fbe Women of Intrigue, ulif their poftf; for they neveiiiil to gfQft at the Fe()iYfls that anp Celebrated at leaft three or foiir times a Wee)5, rometimesini Pfie Oir^rch and fomctimes in another* This ^/yt^aggejifig Adventurers have a wonderful Ta- j)a^ ol* dt&over^ng their Aniorous Pcfires wit|i| ' prte glance of phe Eye to the Ladies who return! /^m an Anfwer by the fame Signal,* and tK thty call QorreffQnd'mg, This done, they hay«| ;|)otUingtp do but to fipd out their Flquiesiiy! /oUpwing em Foot for Foot from the Chur(i| .poor to their refpe<5tive Apartments. The con Ijlurion of thelntrigue lies in marching ftraigh? onl .to the corner of the Strept without looking al>oiit| iamb Butlfty of D«n Qpixot^sRiM- tbtr %n^pl(ii](itut^t lH^inihAf tff hunt' itig' after Jxven- ■ifliftJf*'- ■- ^'^ to Portugal 4irrf Denmark, tor At Iw th« HnslMnd or Ri?al» Ibedd fiaell i lUt. At the end; of the Street th^ have |b much occalion for a large ftqck 6f Pa* lieoee that^ they inuft ftjuid there two or-fhree boars till a Servant Maid «oineS| v^hora tbe)r pguft follow till (he finds a handfome qpporcti!^ Diry of delivering her f Reead» . U iy»ly. The Adventurers muft t i. p. 4 f>6([M^ nuft thefe goodly Confidents, ^fy^J^} « id ibmctimcs run the rifque X. ** *'' *^ |[)»their Lives upon their Word ' ^i pad Diredions $ for they are as cunning as they i»>ai|e to th^r > Mil^reUes^ from whom they re* Itlve Prefents as well as from die Suitors, and Sometimes from the Husbands. In forpier times the V^tm^ueft WomeAcover'4 Idr Faces with their \\ Man- itl^^ond ex{>osVl nothing to flra^bttt one Eye, as the Spa^ S Women do to tlus Day : as foon as they perceiv'd ihat the Sea Towns were re- ijenifh'd with as fair Children as any are tti mifce or Mt/gland, the poor Aiantas were di^ isudcd, and forbid to approach the Face of a Lady. The Tortugutfe have fuch an Antip%* % and Horror for ABeons Arms, that they m rather cut their own Fingers than take Tobacco out of an Horn-Box; tho* after all rhe Horn Commodity begins to take here, not- withdanding the repeated Difcouragements of Joyfon and the Sword. Almoft every Month •brings us frefh Inl^ances of foroe Tragical Ad- \TcntuTe of that Nature, efpecially when the •;4»go/a or ^m// Fleets are jufl come in j for the greateft part of the Seannen that go upon thefe Voyages are fo unfortunate, that when they re- turn home they find their Wives lock*d up in Monaileries II V*ils4 T(^** whi(h cmer*i. hub the face MithtBtdj^ Mi 4t the ftme timi tfMltd tbeitktriffief. i."i \m. 'W^^^ion this fcote we ought not to Cetifum ittdft who reprefented the Ocean with a Bulu HMs^ for in good earneft almoft all that expof^ them- felyes to the brunts of the Sea make mtieh fuehj another Figure. In fine^ Gallantry in the^i of Amours is too ticklifh a Trade in this Pbui for it runs a Man ih danger of his Life. Heii] we find plenty of Whores^ Whofe Ootn^ 0ttght by all means to be av'otded; for im the danger of ruining one's Healthy ^ Ulkl tuns the rifque of being knock'4 on the H^f hQ.(requents their Company. The handCoiQ Whpres are commovtly Jimetifik*d or hir*d \fk Mpnth by fome kind Keepers, that have a wit<^| fttl Eye ovQt 'em ; but notwithftanding all m Keepers Precaution, they enjoy the DiTerfiohofj iome wife Companions at the expence of iiichj I'ools. The Fools I now (peak pf |ye onderftftl indtfpenfible Neceflity of keeping upandfeei<] ing with Prefents the pretended Love and Fij^ liry of the faid Lais*s, the Enjoyment of whom] is unconceivably Chargeable. The Nuns tw^m frequent Vifits from their Devatosy who haved wanner Pafitori for them than for the Women m this World, as it appears from the JealouGesJ Quarrels, and a Thoufand other Diforders thit] arife among the Rivals upon the fcore oF Intri- gue. Formerly the Parlours of the Monafteri«« were guarded only with a fmgle Grate, but fined my Lord Grafton and fome of the Captains ofl his Squadron had the Curiofity to touch the Hands, &€, of the Nuns of Odiveta ; the King ordered all the Convents in the Kingdom tol havel to Portugat /m J Denmark. 203 llJIifecioiMr/traccs^wKm their Parlours. At the llfletimehe attnoft ftifiled the Pretention of the ]pM^#V by prohibiting ai^ one to approach to Lc^wvwit wi^ut a lawful Occailon^ tho' to jlMli an oocftfion is eafie to one that has the fol* Ifm Im in Love with thefe poor Girls. lifhi Tcrtujpitft are a People of a quick Appre* mRotii they think freely, and their Exprdfi- Wcome up to the julhtefs of their Thoughts: h^ have able Phy ficians and learned Gafuiils IfMig 'em. The Celebrated Cybit6,) with their Face covered and their Back naked.* v(rhich they laihfo handfomely, that tile Blooil ipurts in the Face of the Women who are fet up- on the fides of the Streets, on purpofe to ri< diciile and vilify the leaft Bloody. Tl^ were followed by others in Masks, who carried CroiTes, Chains, and bundles of Swords of an| incredible weight. i^^.rw ^i,. The Foreigners of this place are almoft as Jea- lous as the fyrtuguefi; infomuch that their Wives arel afraid to fhew themfeives to their Husband's belt Friends. They afFeA the Portuguefi Severity w&h "^ much exa^nefs, that thefe poor Captives dare not lift up their Eyes in the Prefence of a Mao. But notwithftanding all their precaution^ they fometimes meet with the Mifchief that they cake fuch care to avoid. The City is Peopled with perfonSofa.ll Colours, fome Black, fome Mulat- to!s, fome Swarthy, and fome of an Olive Com- plexion : But the Greateft part s.reTr}g€nho\\x\ of the Colour of Corn. The medley of fo ma- ny different hues, do's fo mingle the Blood the Nation, that the true Whites make but a ve- ry fganty number • and 'tis for this reafon, that if one were to fay in Portuguefe, I am a Man ( ot \ to Portugal ani-titnuxiSiTk. 205 ^^fif»ap ) if Honwr j the nobleft expreifion he aa find, is, Eufm Brtmcff, or Hr^ca, i, e. /am 4 m- .,,.'.•• :.'■.: .,"■'- ^"•"- Yqu. iDay walk up and down L»ion niglic an4 |ay without fcfiring Pickpockets, ^ill three or ^ar a Clock, in the Morning, you HaveJI^ufid- ip^that play ip the Streets on Guitars, 'arid foya (9 the Sweetnels of that Infirument, the tnoft Ipiinrul Songs that can t>e imagined. The way I panning among the ordinary fort of People ^ |e(y indecent, by reafon of the impertinent iii^ ^^s qf their: Head and Belly. The Jtnik'umen<' ^l Niufick of the P0r/«r^»cy< is difagreeable at firft 4|he Ears of a Foreigner ,* but at the bbttoipit luis (bmewhat in it that's fweet, and pleaies^whe^ re is accuftom'd to it. Their Vocal Muiickis coarfe, and its difcordant !Notes are fo -unhap- llljf^nk^d together ; that the chattering of a CroW (imore Melodious. Their Church Mufical Cqm- ^fures are all in the Caftilian Languag^e, as well ai their Paftorals and moft of their Songs. .Tl^cr eiideavour to imitate the iS/iuyfjliy Cuftpms as rniicn fs poffible ,• nay, they are fo nice in obierving !t Gicremonies of the Spamjh Court, that the irftfguefe Minivers would be very much difobligfij jf the ieaft Formality were lbp*d off/ The Kin^; ind the Grandees wear much fuch aiiother iHahit as our Financiers or Receivers of the Royal Re- jfenue. They have aclofe Coat with a Clbak of jjie fan[ie colour ,• a great Band of Venice Pqint, Vjth a long Perriwig, a Sword, and a Dagger. They give the Title of ExceBentia to Ambaffa- Jours. and that of Senbma to Envoys and Refi- deots. : llifi Port of Lisbon \s large, fafe and conveni- ent ^ thp' the Entry is very difficult. The Ships )ii4e at Anchor between the City and the Caftle \\Almada. at eighteen Fathom Water on a good m ■i',.' 'W x Arong Ground. The Likm ]U?er is edtVI the Fwhfftifi, ORey Jos Rhs, i. e. 7he Km^ : Rivers, Tis almoft aLeague broad where the SKl. Ride ; at which place the Tide rifes twelve foot] perpendicular^ and runs above ten Leagues Fak ther up towards its fource. All Caputns ofShfriji^ whether Men of War or Mercmint Men^ fa^ reigners or Natives, are exprefsly prohibited to Salute the City with a Difcharge of Cannon, oi fire a Ship Gun before it, upon any preteno whatfbever. The Confuls of firauef, Engianiuii UoBmtd^ have five or fix thoufand Livres a pieel allowed 'em yearly j befides which ^ dn^l make a ihift to get as much more by Tr ' ding. ■ This, Sir, Is all the account I can gtve yottatj prefent of this charming Country j which toH mind would be a Paradife upon Earth, if 'tw^ Inhabited by Feafimts that had Icfi of the Gentk , man in their ConduA. The Climate is adiinr»^ bly ^eet and agreeable j the Air is clear and ieJ rene, the Water of the Country Is wonderfiH good, and the Winter is fo mild that I have Im no cold as yet. In this Country, the PeopK may live for an Age without any inconvenieiltyl from advancing Years. The old Perfons are noij loaded with the Infirmities that plague thoi^l of other Countries ; their Appetite do's not fail 'em, and their Blood is not fo deipirited, but that their Wives can vouch for their perfed health.! Ardent Fevers make a terrible Havock in VwnA gal, and the Venereal Diforders are fo civil, that no bod^ troubles his head for a cure. The PorJ which IS very frequent in the Country, gives fol licde uneafynefs, that the very Phyficians who! have it, are loth to carry it off, for fear of goingl to the charge of repeated Cures. The Jufticcs and Peace- Officers are fawcy and unfufferably m^ King eSM 4ted vin, oi to Portugal 4nd Denmark. xo7 ltf|!9fi^(> a^ bei4ig ai^tbprkld by a King that ob- Im^ the, laws with, chp uctnoft Sevet icy ; for Jfy incoumgcs 'am to ptckquari^U witl^thePeo* fin they frequ^mly receive veriF PI R^eprunaods* Some time ago, tiMCuunt h 9 Son i^ ^w (0 thp MfUreftai dt f^iStNy^ cook tpaiiu to iiend into the 0- nr. Woifldaninfolent^ Cor- * l 9. A» WiiulM$> fj«A>r, that would wiUipg- ^civH^wlgf»r ' luve difpenied with tha aye. While i;hat GjBotleman waiRidiog hi- ih with h^s Coufin, 9,% the cornev of a^ Street met the Corrigulor, who was. Mounted Uke z, Qttit^x ^d to his Misfortune fo pnoud of his icp, that he did not daign to give the two G^lea^en a Salute, f ve acquainted vou alrea- dy that the Vortuiuefe Gentlemen are tnevttineft Winthc WprTd j and upon tbftt feove, you ipiocft . think it ftr^ge that thefe two^ Gentle- men jdight^.4 ^om th^ CQach>. and/made the Cor- '^ ipr^iig from his Hocfe and. Jump into the ler World* A J^rmci M*fk will be ready to fay it the Intendant's Indifcretion did not deferva rude ufage ,* but the Pbrtugttefe Perfons of E^iiality that cover their Heads in the prefence of £eirKirig, will be of another mind^ However, die two Chavalier's topK Shelter ia the Houfe of ^ Aibbot^' ^/frM^ wha &0C 'em to Bance in a %health.l I^ ^^^ remains to give you a Lift of the King in fortiM ^i ^^f*g0^s Standing l^orces^ He has eighteen vil thatl^^oufand Foot, eight thoufand Horfe, andtwen* he P«f;|^ *^^ M^fl ^^ W*^ » n^mely^ gives foB 4 Ships from^p to7aiGuns.i ,'. *. *i • ■ 6. Ships froitv p to^o Gun& : ^^ <*^i ^^ 6 Ships from; 40 to JO Guns^ jiirM. 6 Frights, from J0tQ.40iGun$,: I'rl : ^P eyottatj :hto r Gentli admii^ randie onderfbl lave fcft Peoptt enieiifti s are noii le thoft; not fa9 IS whol >f gpingl Jufticcs ifferablyl ar- * € ..i You io8 ' Som tiem Ftff^et • Yoa muft know thtt the King's Shipi irelkfat Timbered, well Built and handtomely Model^ chdr Caolking, Iron Work :ind Roundings ban ▼ery neat. Their Arfenali and Naval Stores ari ia great diibrder, and good Sailors are asfcarcii in Vortngal as good Sea Officers ^ for the GOverff- menc has negle<^ed the Forming of Marine Nur* feries and Navigation Schools, and a thoufai)^ other neceilary things ; the dilcuflion of which would lead me too far out of my way. The Vmmftft are charg'd with being (oraewhatdttti and flow in Working their Ships^ and kis bnivt by Sea than by Land. - y^ . The Captains of the King's Ships brtve com* monly twenty two Pafaeas a Month / and a fno\ Table while they are at Sea j befides fome T^« quefites. A Lieutenant's Pay is fncteen P^r^r^a Moadt • An Enfign of Marines has ten Patscara Month.! An Able Sailor has four Tataeat a Month. A Captain of a Company of Foot has jibout five and twenty Fatacas a Month, in Pay and Perquifites both in Peace and War. - The Alttperesy who are a fort of Lieutenants, have eight Ptff^M/. <*r< A Common Soldier's Pay is about two pence half-penny a day of our Mony. ^ A Captain of Horfe has in Pay and PerquifitesJ in time of Peace, about a hundred PatMcasi\ Month.' A Lieutenant of Horfe has near thirty Patacati a Month. A Quartermafter fifteen Fatacas sl Month* ' A Trooper four Som a day, and his Forrage. As for the General Land and Sea Officers, 'tis I hard to tell exadty what their Incomes amount to : For the King grants Penfions to fome, and Commandries to others, as he fees occafion. The - CoUo- to Poitugal 4itiv Denttiark. top |0dtoiU!l«^ Lieuunanc-Colkinftls and Majort of \foot, as^well as the Maicres do Campaiid tli#: jQomniiltarys, have no fix d Allowance: For JiNne have more and fom$ lefs, in proportion to the advantage of the Place where thdr Xroopt lire Quarter'd^ and the number of their Men. The Partitguefe Troops are ill Difciplin'd. Kei* Uher Horfe nor Foot are Ctoarh'd after l(ie fame manner ^ for fome have a Brown Lire* Ufy fome Red^ iome Blacky fome Bj^w. (om^ ISrlsen^ &c. Their Arms are very good | aa4 Nie Officers do not mind their brightHefs^ proHt* Ned they are in a good Condition. One would liirce believe that thefe are the Troops that did llueh mighty Feats againft the SpanUrdf in the Wars. In all appearance they were better iDifciplin^d in thofe days than they are now^ and httl^noK fo much taken up with their Guittn^h \J^' (hew you the Species and Value of th# |Mony that's Current in this Count/y : kSpamjh Piaftre or piece of Eighty which thd \ht4tguefi call a Pataca^ is worth a French Crown | and contains 750 Refs, The half pieces and quarter pieces are of 4^ proportionable Value. >^' I' A Rey is a Diniery as I intimated a)>ove. The loweft Silver Coin they have is gkVhaaiH I or twenty penny piece^ being 20 4 I No; FiT»c/& Coin pafle» in this Country, except- ing Crowns, half Crowns and quarter Crowns. The Ptfmguefe 128 poftnd tseeual to the Fam 100 Weight. TheiiCalido isaMeafure that exceeds the Paris half £11 by three inches and a line j fo that its juft extent is two French foot, one inch and one line. Their Bara is another Meafure,! fix of which makes ten Calidos, The Tortugutftl League is 4200 Geometrical Paces, allowing (hre { Foot to every Pace. As for the Intereft of the Perr*gi«/e Court, I wave it on purpofe becaufe I have no mind to enter into. Politicks. Befides, I have ak eady ac- quamted you that I pretend to Write nothing elfe but fuch trifles as have not been yet took notice of in Print.. If it \yere not that I had laid my lelf under that Reftri&ion, I could fend you a circumftantial account of their different Tribu-| nals or Courts of Juftice, and fome Scraps of their Laws : i could give you to underftand thatl the Parliament and ArcfrBifhoprick of Ushm\ inakeone of- the greateft Ornaments of i\\\%Mt- trofolis ; that the Ecclefiailical Benefices are ex- tream large ; that there are no Commendatory| Abbeys in the Country, that the Friars are nei- ^ ther lb well indow'd nor fo well entertain'd asj ;^ one might expe<5i:. I could inform you tbatthJ I^Kixi^'s Royal Order is cali'd Vhahlto de Crijh, If ',.54.*' ■ . , ^.>J , ■ MadamI f^-i MlJj^iiii^ to Partugil and Denmark, f 1 1 U^m ft AuHpy h^i not tm^ fofx fo inQcliUi Defcrlbti^ the ainHrab\c Infticntiofi of ikit Oi-* i^r J and therofbnb AaU concent my A\f in ad- fl}^ that the nuinber of the Knight?' Compani- 9m of this Order run^ far bey oiid th»t of its Conunandnes, which are worth v«ry little. Here I muft make a halt and take leave of this &.oyal ii)ity^ which 'tis poflible I may fee <7nce more jicrealler. I fet out tmmed ately foi' the Nor* thern Kingdoms of Ewofe ; waiting j^ently tfll fepieaie$ God that Moniteur 'Pomhartrm Ihould eim^r i^emove to Paradife^ or do Juftice to him ivlio ihaU always be yours more tha^ his own* ■.^ri ^5aI Tear UttmhUj &c* y'rn;: ■.ft' : :!,;» T T J& r/'I t'^'!f »7>- i .' 1, \ •■■■■.. Dated at TraVemundej 1 694.^^^?^^ Gonttining an Account of the Author's Vof^ age from Lhhonto Garnfiy ; his Advefittire ' with an Eftgli/h Man of^ Wat and t Prin- ^ teer : A Defcription 6f Rott^Jam and ^- ferdam ; the Author's Voyage to Hamlurg j ^ the Dimenfions or a FlemiJhSioo^ ; a De- fcription of the City of Hamburg ; the Au- thcMr's Journy from thence to iZbeck $ and • a Defcription of that City. I Set out from Lisbon on the ^th of Afril, ha- ving bargain'd with a Matter of a Ship to Land me at AmfierAam for thirty Viafrts, At the Oo 2 fame ) ( il',. , '\ ','^-^: .i\| 114 Same New Voyages r I ■■ {aoic 4^e^ I had the precaution of taking a Pafs ^rom t)Uj>utcb Refident, for fear of 1;>eing ftop'd in that Country. I went in a Boat to a place cs\Y6, Btlitiy which lies about two Leagues below Mfhtft. At' this little Town all the Merchant Slups that go and come, are oblig'd to Ihew their Cpckets, Invoice, and Fills of Lading, ahd to pay the Duty for tlieir Cargo. The 6tb we got out of the Taio, and foUow'd the Rake of a Fleet Bound for the Bahick Sea, and Convoy 'd by a Swed^ Man of War of 60 Guns^ Comroap- ded by a Lnhecker whofe Name v/aisCrepger; and I whom the Ring of Sweden h&d prefer'd to a No- ble Dignity, notwithftanding that Originally he had been a Common Sailor. We crofs'd the Ban I by the way of the Great Channel or Pafs, be- 1 tween Fort Bougio, and the Ca^bofat ; the Jaft being a great Bank of Sand ar^d '^^cks^ extcjii^ ing to three quarters of a Leagii < wngth, an3 half a League in breadth, which onips areapt to fall foul of in a Calm, by reafon of the Tides (hat bear that way. You muft know that if we had had I^ilots that knew the Coail, we would have pa(s*d between that Bank and the Fort of St. Julian, which lies to the North or the jLii^0»fideJ oppofite to BiBugio ; but we had no occafion to employ 'em, {mcc om Portuguefe Captain took the opportunity of following the run of the Bahkki Fleet. ' As foon as we came into the Main, and| feu into the middle of that North Country Fleet, ttie Brutifh Commodore made down upon us withl all Sails aloft, and fir'd a Cannon with Ball iii| Head of our Ship ,* after which he fent out hisl Lieutenant to acquaint our poor Mafter, that itl behov'd him to pay two Tijioks immediately fori the Shot, and to Sheer elf horn his Fleet, unlefjl he had a mind to pay a hundred Vhfires for hisl Convoy, which the Maftcr of our Velfel refe'dl very Gracefully. j , ,, Eurl to Portugal W Denmark, li j ' But to drop this Subjcutd Refident at Lisbon, This Captain trdtt^ me with i\\ poffible Civility^ in fo lintxch tharhe' aiTuf'd me all my Baggage jftouldbe fccur'd ftonni' the Rapine of Captain Cowfer^ who purfuant to the Principles of his profefflon, pretended te' Ullage me with as little Scruple as Mercy. HoW^^ eter^ our Ship could not be Search'd till we ^t~ into Guernfev Road^ and for that reaibn vire- mr^ carry'd thitner the fame day ; and after dropping ■ Anchor the two Efiglijh Captains went a Snoar, ■ and fent two Searchers on Board of us, to try ff* they could prove that the Wine and Brandy widj Which our Ship was Fraughtcd , was- of \he' growth of France or Exported by Comrtiffibjt' from Prencb Merchants ^ which they could not poffibly make out, notwithftanding that thi fpent fifteen days in fearching and runlm^n as I heard afterwards at Lnbec, This troublofot Accident oblig'd me in five or fix days after, to Imbarque irt a Dtttcb Fright * A nice in Holland, of * Circzee ; having Wft . '- . prefented Captaiii 7oMf«/«itf9ri&' Crowh of 60 Som le Is iio mote than 48 Stuhtrs, A Gold Vtutrt i$ worth y Guilders ( Stuh/ert. \KlMpis t>'oT pafles for 9 Gmldm 9 Stuhm. l^hs for the Meafures ofHoHand, I can tell you ' reference to fome^ that a League is near Geomtetrical Paces. An £11 is a f^mh Foot ten* Inches and a tineJ' A Pound is eqart to our P^l/ Pound. ' ' [^ Jk Pint holds much the fame quantity of Li- iorwith a P4fix Ghopine.^ ' iThis is all the account I can give you of Hoi'' Whert I ftt oijt front Amfterdam to Hamburg, t iole the eafyeft and cheapeff way of Travelling,* ft mean by Water.) I had relolv^d indeed to Iftavel by Poft Waggons or Coaches ,• but that Itrfoltttion was prefently drOp'd, when I was ad^ lib'dthat in Travelling by Lahd, I might run the Ifilijue of being l^op'd in the Territoriei of fome of the Gi?fw4» Princes, who require Paflports of dl Travellers. This wholefome Advice fpar*d both my Corps and my Purfe : For to have gorid poft, it would have coft me for my felf and my, Servant fourty Crowns, whereas k coft me but five by Water. There goes two Dutch Sloops from Amfierdam to Hamburg every Week, on pur- pofe to carry PalTengers, who may hire little fe- derate Cabins, fuch being made in the Ship for the Accommodation of thofe who have a mind tobe private. Thefe Sloops would be admira-- bly well Calculated for Sailing up the South fide of the River of St. Laurence y from its Mooth to \^tbiic ,• and above all, from ^ebec to Monreal, I They are preferable to our Barques for that Ser- ' -^*:cv.• -»-.;,■• vice ; no Some View Voyages vice ; which I'll make out by five or fix RQafons.] In the firft place, they do not diaw half fo mjii) Water as our Barks of the fame Burden. In tti next place, they'll tack to the fojur Quarters oi the Wind ,• they require lefs RiggiJig ^nd a ft ler compliment of Hands than our Barques, i^ are Work'd with lejfs Charge ^ they'll turn thfc Head where tlieir Stern was before in the twiiij ling of an Eye, whereas our Barques can't get a^ bout under five or Tix Minutes, and fometimcs will not tack atall ,* they may rub upon Sand . Gravel without danger, as being Built of half flat Ribs^ whereas our Barks being round, would fplit in pieces upon the leaft touch. Such, Slid are the Advantages of thefe Fkmifi Velfels bcU yohd ours ,' and To you may fafely Write to thej Uw^tf/ Merchants who Trade to .Canaiayt)^^!^ th^y would find 'em very ferviceable in' Country : At the fame time, you may oblige *em with the following dimenfions of that fort] of Shipping^ which I took from the Veffel I was on Board of, that was one of the leaft Size. IcI was fourty two Foot long from the Stern-poft to] the Head ^ the Hold was about eight Foot biroad and about five Foot deep : The Cabin in the] Fore-Caftle vvas fix Foot long, and had a Chim- ney with a Funnel arid Vent at the bottom of thej Cape-Stane. The Cabin Abaft was of the fame length, and its Deck was rais'd three Foot high- er than the Fore-Caftle. The Helm of the frightful Rudder run along the Roof of the iaft Cabin. The Ribs of this little Veflel, were, in | good earneft, as flat as the Boats in the Se'mu The Side was about a Foot and a half high; thcjl Maft v/as 16 Inches diameter, and oo Foot high ; the Sail rcfembled a Redangle Triangle, | in its Form. The Velfel was provided with lee- boards, or a fort of Wings whi'^h the Carpenters'! know *-»t *r*i . / to Portugal and Denmark. 2 1 1 „ very well how to ufe. In fine, to inform ejr felf more particularly of the matter, you y. Write to Holland for a Model of that lort of Shipping i" Wood } for a French Carpenter will Qjsygr make any thing of the beft Verbal Defcri- Ikion I can give. The cafe is the fame as with ||ine Mathematical Inftruments^ of which the "i^teft men can never form a )uft Idea without feeing 'em. J[r Sailing from Amfierdam to Hamburg , we Iteer thro' the Wat, that is, between the Conti- pent and a.ftring of Iflajids that lye about two {r three hours off the Terra Firma ; and round ^bich the Tide ebbs and flows, as in other places. Jetween the Continent and thefe Iflands there ,^ceruin Chatinels, which are deeper than the t^er places on the right and left, for thefe are every Tide- Thefe Channels are eafily di- r^uiQi'd.by the help of fome i^uoys and Mails Janted'upoh the Flats. At half Flood you may weigh Anchor and Steer along the Channek. which make ftratige Windings and Elbows f.ana if the Wind be contrary, you may eafily Board along by the help of the Current, till it is low Water, at which time you run a Ground upon the Sand, and are left quite dry. I faw above three hundred of thefe Flemijh Veffelsduriiig thecourfe (f, this Navigation, which I take to be as fafe as ii^( of a River, abating for ten Leagues Sailing {when we crofs over from the laft Ifland to the Mouth of the Elhe. The Tide rifes three Fa- tEpm perpendicular from the Mouth of this lltiver to Aurenbourgy which lies ten or twelve iLeagues above Hamburg ; fo that great Ships and Hen of War may eifily Sail up to H^mhurg. . The PalTi^ge from Awfierdum lo Hamhurg is (iommonly accomplifli'd in feven or eight days ,• ^PUJJ.thofc. Seas the Wefterly Winds prevail for v:r.^— ' three !l 112 Soms Km Fcydgis nhreo Quarters of the^Year. Butwewevt 'AkoTC fix days inoor PaiTage^ notwichftaniL. that the Mafter of our Ship was oblig"^ to lof^ Tide Injprodacing his Invoys and Bills of Ladifi, at tba Town of StaJe, which lies a League'o] the El^i^ and where all Ships are oblig'd to ^] ^oll tolhe King oiSwtJUn, excepting the D^^j who mi^hc have an equal Right to claim fudi Toll, if they made uie of the opportunity Ct>mmandiag the PalTage of this Rlfer with tl •Cannonof <;^/ftf^. * « The Elbe is a large League over at its Mom( and at Spring-Tides it hasWater Enough \h Channel for Ships of fifty or filtty Giini. 1 Entry of the River is very difficult ^d dangej by reafon of an infinity of moving %t ous, which render it almoft inacceffiMe in a Fogg, well as in the Night time ; notwithftalidiBg precaution of Light Houfes fiui)e pretty ftr at Sea. Hamhurg is a large City, Fortified irregularl •With Ramparts of Earth. I pafs over in Silenc ?; the pcmocratioal Government of this H^«j Tdwi and its Dependahcies, prefiuiiing you are not 1^ norant of fuch things, fince the Geographers Ut given ample Defcriptions of 'em : And Ihall c6 tent my lelf with informing you that the Tra « of Hamhurg makes it a confiderable place ,• ai confidering the advantage of its Situation, o might readily guefs fo much. It fuppli^s alraoi all Germany with aU forts of Foreign Gomniod ^ ties, by the convertiency of the Elh, which a ries flat bottonj'd Veffels of two hundred Turn u bove Drefltn : And one may juftly fay thatihi City is very Serviceable to the Ele^or of Bm * denburg^ m regard that thefe Velfels go up to th r A^ree^ and fome other Rivers in his Territorie t The Hamburg Merchants Trade to all parts of th to Portugal and Denmark. %i^ [jXTprldj baceing AmtrkM, They^ fend but ftm [^p§ CD tbe Eaft'JfiM^ty or the upper end of cbe - llHtdittrroftesm ; but they dt out an infioi^ oJF [iJlim for AJtics, Mi^^ovj, Spaitty France^ Porttfal, yUnd and England ; and two Fleets every Year 0r ttircbangel, where they arrive at the latter I eiyi of Jurty and the latter «nd of Stftrnt- I This little Republick keeps four Men of War m&^y Guns, and fon?*^ Hght Frigats that iertre m Convoys to their ^ chantmen^ Bound for Ijlfi StnightSy or for the Coaft of TortugalQt Spain ; bi^re me Sally- Rovers would befuretopicK 'em Lpif theyrwent without Conyoys. The City is [jteijther pretty nor ugly j but mgft of the Streets ire fo narrow, that the Coaches muft ftop or put back every toot it affords good Diverfion e* (mgh j for commonly you have Plays Aited by rmi or Italian A«ftors, and a German Opera ; [which for Houfty Theatre and Scenesy may vye with (be beft in Eurcpe. 'Tis true, the Habits of the y^pUTs are as irregular; as their Air and Meen ; [but then you muft confider that thefe two Suit [one another. The Neighbourhood of Hamburg I ii truly very pretty in the Summer time, by rea- ibn of an infinity of Country Houfes, adorn'd with excellent Gardens, and great numbers of iJFruit-Trces, which by the afliftance of Art pro- iduce pretty good Fruit. But now that I am fpeakingof the Country round Hanthurgyl cssit oifraifs the Subjed without acquainting yoU with I .one thing that is uncommon; In the Neighbour- iiood of Hamburg there are Fields ofBattel,retain- ; jng to the Territories of Denmark and Lubeek ; in (Which private Quarrels are adjufted before an in- finite number of SpedatorSjnotice being given by theSound ofaTrumpet fomedays before theCham- fions enter the Lifis. One remafkable Circum- •:•■■'' - . ftanc€ 124 • Some KeUf Voyagtt ftance is^ tiiat the Combatants^ whether oo Foot [ OF on Horfe-Back^ implore the Mediation oil two Seconds^ only in order to be Judges of die ' thraftsy and to i)art 'em when four drops oFJ Blood are fpilt ; \o that the Adventurers retire upon the leaft fcratch. If one of 'em falls upon the Ground, the Conqueror returns to the Ter- ritories of Hambrtrg, and makes a Triumphal Prok Ceflion to that City, while the Air rings with acclamations of Joy from the Spedators. Thefe Tragedies are not unfrequent ; for Hamburg be» ing reforted to by an infinite number of ForeigH.! ers and Strangers, fome diforder or other always happens, which is redrefs'd that way. In for- mer times, the Danes y Swedes and Germans^ us'd to repair to the above mentioned Fields to adjuft the Quarrels they had in their own Countries, wh^re Duelling was prohibited under fevere B& nalties. But the Soveraigns of thofe Countries have fince Stiffled fuch PrayctftearJt. iif the next day after my Arrival^ t waited lipoh Monfieuff dt Btmreptutx^ who was thet^ in the Country for the recovery of his Health: Andl for want of whom the Navy of Prance has fu* llaiii'4 ^n irreMrable lo6. This done^ 1 re- turhM to this City^ which may juftly be lifted in the number of tho.ie that we ,in Eiftofi call ^reat and pretty. Tis well and regularly PortiQied^ and 'tisnity 'tis not Waird with Stone^ whkh is likewiie a defed in the Qttadei that commands the Mouth of the Harbour. Ctftntw^ gen has one of the beft Harbours in the World , tot both Nature and Art have confpir'd to /keiter it from ail If^uUs^ The City flands upon i, ibooth level (jround^ the Streets are broad^ and almoi! all the Houies are three Scory high, and >ui|t of Brick. Here you may fee three very i|i^ places j and amongft the reft^ t}M> Klngf^ ^PtrSet, fo caird from hss J$tatue on Horfe-Badki Which is tha:e ere<%ed. This Place t$ ftutotinded with feme fine HouTes, nkcLMonSfttLvdeBmejkikti lodges fn one of 'em, which is very large ^ and indeed that AmbaiTadouf has oocstfwa for io great .a Hou(e, confidering the nufiierou&ieis of his l^tinue^ The Magnificence of his Table is fuit« Ible to the Gtaodeur of his Equipage r.AndeVe- ly body pays him^e honours and effeem that m Charader merits. But HI infift no longer lipoa that Head. The City of Gofenh^gen is very advatX^eouAy Seated, as you may fee in the Map of the Ifle of Zudand ^ and lies very conveniently for Mer- chantmen which come without any diflkuicy up to the Canals or Ditches that are cut thro' itw It contains very fine Edifices^ particularly the Churches of HotrUtnte atid St. Nicholafy which m both greatand fine. The round 'toiUferpaifef for an admirable piece of Archite^urei and hai Pp a # ij f^h -,\ iome jxew voyages a Stair-Cafe lipoi^ which aCoach may drive up to the top. ThcLibrary which ftands in the middle of the round Tower 'H well Stock'd with Books and valuable Manufcripts. The Exchange is an ad- mirable Fabrick, in regard both to its length, and its Situation in the pleafanteft part of the Town. As for the Royal Palace.its Antiquity re- commends it as much to me^as if it had beenBuilc after the Modern way : For in the Maffy Fabrick of a Caftle^ 'tis enough if the due Symmetry of Proportion be obferv d. The Furniture and Pi* Aures in this Caftle are admirably fine ; and the Royal Clofet it fiU'd with an infinity of very cu- rious Rarities. In the King's Stables there is now but a hundred Coach-Horfes^ that is^ thirteen or fourteen Set of difTerent forts and (izes ,* and a iiundred and fifty Saddle- Horfes : But both the one and the other are equally fine. Chrifiians- Fawty the Second City, is fever'd from Cofenh»* gen by a great Canal of running Water. Th§ Koyal Palace of Rozemhurgy which ftands at one endf of the City, is adorn'd with a charming Garden. I come now to give you the Charafters of the Princes and Princeifes at the Court of Denmark, 'Tis needlefs to take notice of the Valour and Vigilancy of the King, Sot the two chief Quali- ties of that Monarch are fufiiciently known to s\\ the World. I (hall therefore only acquaint you t?xat he is a Perfon of great Judgment and Capacity, and intirely Wrap'd up in the Inte- refts of his Subjeds, who look upon him as their Father and Deliverer. He has all the Qualities of a good General, and is affable and generous to the laft degree. He fpeaks with equal facility, the Danijb^ Swedilh^ Latin^ Germa*i, Englijh and French Languages. The Queen is the moft Ac- corapliAi'd Prince^ in the World : and io I have - . * faid to Portugal and Denmark. 2 29 (kid all in all. The Royal Prince is a Son wor- thy of fo great a King for his Father, and fuch a good andvertuous Queen for his Mother ; as you hare heard it prdclaim'd by as many Tongues as there ai*e Heads in France, He is a Mafter of Learning, and has a quick Apprehenfion jo'yn'd to a^ fweet Temper. His Manners are as Royal as his Perfon, and all that fee him wi(h him that Profperity and Happinefs that his Phyfiognomy promifes. Prince Chriftkn is a fweet lovely Prince, 18 well as Prince Charles his younger Brother : A certain Air of Affability fits upon their Fore- fieads and chaims Mankind. Prince TVtUiam the ybungeft Brother is a vsry pretty Child. Prin- " loefs So^6w, who is commonly call'd the Royal I Princefs, has truly a lloyal Air : She is Handfome, Young, well Shap'd and. Witty as an Angel : Ifhtch is enough to entitle her to aPreference be- fore all the PrincefTes upon Earth, not to menti- on a thoufand other good qualities, the Relati- 1 to of which would prove too bulky for a Mifftve^ ' Let's therefore call another SubjeUckCt)iirph» of which herself is Prot^efi, Commonly the Kipg paflei the Suipmer at hit CpijntfySeatB^ tOQVBtknesatr^e/f«r^« fometimea a^ FredtricsUtrg^ ^i Sometimes #( Crontnhmg* ^hpt^s icarceany Frinqe in the WorUJ that \i^ i^tier j^gcqpmtnodattQn for Pegr-Hunting^ jt^n the Kipg of beumsfk ; fox all his Parks ist full of l^ro^ B^P^4$ fpr purfuiog fhe Chace ^ bpfijef^ that, the I>4iii;/1E; Horfe h^vfp a long ftretch ofi pallpp^ which is very convenif nt for Huoten ^ and the pog^ of that Country gre fcarce ever fiii^lty; Jhe King's T^ble i^ as nobly Served up, as yoi) can well imagme : So that when he re* tarns from (Jpnting he finds a freib Pleafure in fee^ln^ on Angelical Fare. He is frequently im^ ployed Jft revicwng his Troops, and vifiting bjs^ Forts, Magazines and Arfenals ; and (omeuiu«(f he goes a Fowling with his Courtiers^ About, two Monthf agQ I law him Shoot about a quart ter of a League ou^ of Town : Upon which oc- cafion a Wood Fowl as pig as a Cock was pl|6'4 upon the top*of a Maft, aind the King Shot at ili Brft and took awav a pi^ce of its Neck with his ball ; after whi<:h his Courtiers Shot fo de^t^t pufly that th^re was nothing left but a Uttle bit of the Fowl, which the King hit at laft, aft^ a great many Sports-Men had attempted it in vain* Moft of the People in ^s pl^ce underfton^ heffcb i and perhaps the Gentlemen of the Hoy* al Academy are not better Skill'd in the Purity and Delicacy of that Language, than the Couur tefs ot Friz^land ; who by her Wit, Birth aii4 Beauty is juftly accounted the Pearl and Orna^ ment of the Court. The Dams are a proper fort of People ; they are civil, honourable, brave and a<5tive. They have fomcwh^t that'^ very in- gaging to Portugal W Detihiarlc. i} i tflgiDg in their Caniaee^ ^^ beari an Air of 8if« ttbility atid complaiunce. 1 cake 'em to be a fennbfe chiiikine fort of ^ople^ and free of that tinfuflerable affedkiacion and vanity chat gives i difrelifl) to the A^ons of other Nations ; At leaft 'tis apparent th^lt a difengag'd genteel Air (bines tbt6* all their Anions. The Dai^ Ladies are Very handfome and lively | generally ehey ire very witty and brisk^ and aiparltUnegay* I «y hangs very agreeably about 'em^notwithftand- iflg that the nature of their Climate do*snot pro- me it. The t>anij^lA.tti complain that th^ are too tnughty and nice in their Cmdu&j and indeed they hvt reafon to charge 'em With a (cr upulous nicety ; hit as for their Pride I know nothing of it. Thejr receive almoil no vidts, and 'tis alleg'd that th6 {reifon of this referv'dnefs proceeds not fo much iotn the defjgn of iivoidihgthe oceaHonof Tern* ttation^ as from the fear of being Scandalis'd ; ' br Slander reigns in this Country as much aselfe^ • where. In fine, thev have more Vcrtue and ' Wifdom than they mould have, in bearing the Sighs of Lovers Without bein^ mov'd. One may fee 'em often enough at the Houfeof Mr. /r GuUtnkw, the King's natural Brother and Vice- t6y of Norway, That Gentleman, who indeed I is 6ne of the Statelieft Men in Europe, takes plea- fure in keeping a Table every day for eighteen I perfons« and regaling the ladies and Perfons of Quality. After Dinner the Gentlemen make mtches to Game or Walk out with the Ladies. The fame Entertainment, and the fame fort of Company is to be' met with at the Count Je Re» \vmelaw\ who is look'd upon as one of the moft !&ealous and Capable Miniilers that the King ii^ Thefe Dinners or Entertainments are fome- pvhat too long forme, who am accuftom'd to I Dine Poft; I mean, to fill my Belly in five or fix Pp 4 Minutes \'-^- Vjt Some New Fyiages Minutes; for commonly they laft above vsit hours. The excellent Melfes which are thed Serv'd up in great plisnty^ Feaft at once the tafle^ the fight and the fmell. For ; in fine^there's nodi^ Terence between thofe Tables and the beft about I the French Court, unlels it be that the former have great pieces of Salt Beef fet upon 'em ,* and I truly think the Dunes would be Guilty of an| indifcreet Adion in eating of it fo heartily, they did not take care towaihthe Salt out their Throat with good Liquor. Among the different forts of Wine that aro commonly drank at CopmW«;i, the C^^eri and the . Pontae are the only Wines that fuit a French Mans] Palate. It feems to be an inviolable Cuftom in all the Northern Countries, to fwill down two or three good Draughts of Beer, before they turn to Wine, which they value too much to fpoilit with Water. I am told that in former times they us*d to fit four or five hours at Meals, and drink briskly all the while, in fpite of the threats of the Gout. But now adays that cuitom is in difufe ,• befides, the GlalTes are fo fmall and the number of the Healths fo moderate, thac they rife from Table in very good order : Not but that fome- ./ylimes upon extraordinary Solemnities, the Guefls ? lye un4er an indifpenfible Obligation to drink | huge Bumpers in certain WeUcomes ; which in an- cient times were in ufe among the Grecians under , the name of «6)*9'» Jitlfjioyof. I tremble when ,. 1 call to mind thefe Bumpers, ever fince a fatal ■■ Accident befell ir.e about two Months ago in Mr. \ Je GttUenlews poufe : That. Gentleman regal'd fome eighteen or twenty Perfons of both SexesJ in Solemnifing the Birth of hte Children ,• and | Fate WQuld-'have it fo that I had the honour tol be one of the Male Guefts, who were all oblig'd, ( excepting Mr. ^e Bonrcpos^ to drink two dozen otj Bumpers to the Health of the prefent and abfent ,- ■ • — ,. :.. Chil"' to Portugal 4?fi Denmark, ijj ChiWiren; I proteft, Iwai very much out of Countenance, and would have almoft chofe to ^k up the River of St. Laurence, rather than thefe Fountains of Wine : for there was no pof* iUlity of baulking a GUIs. 'Twas then too late to reflet upon the ftrange Pofture I was in ; for as the Proverb goes, the Wine was drawn, and I was oblig'd to drink it ; I mean, I was obliged to do as tlie reft^did. However, towards the con- dufion of Dinner they put round a great M^ell^ tme that held two Bottles ,* and all the Gentle- men wereoMig'd to drink itbrim-ful, as a Health to the Royal Family ,• God knows, the defpai- ring Mariner never trembled more gracefully up- on thedifmal Profpe^^ of a Ship-Wrack,than I did upon the approach of the Bumpen In fine, I confeis to you, I drank it, but for the latter part «f ^e Story I beg yoiu* Pardon ; for I have no mind to glory in the Heroick A<5^ion that I did In imitation of three or four more, who dif- charg'd their Con^uence juft under the Table as gracefully as I. After that fatal blow, I was fo mortifiea that I duril not appear ; nay, I had a ftrong fancy to leave the Country out of hand, and would certainly have done it, if my Pot Companions and thofe who (har'd the difgrace, had not diffuaded me by an infinity of German Proverbs that feem'd to applaud the generous Ex- ploit I among which the following had the great- eft influence, viz,. If we are affiamd in taking to$ muchy we ought to flace our Glory in giving it uf a- The Danifj Gentry live very handfomely upon their Land-Rents, and the Peafants want tor no- thing, no more than ours, unlefs it be for Mony. They have a fufiicient Stock of Grain and Cat- tel, which ferves to maintain 'em in a grofs way, and to pay the Landlord's Rents. Is not it e- Hough that they are well clad and well fed i I 4 cffimnt]fy as buvj/ Lniy Mtid M bird Hon. it 1J4 Some Nem Vffft^es t would fiiti Icfiow whit AdTanctge th« JDmiIi Boon reap from their Crowns^ while they feel upon nothint butCheeft and i *Pompemick// • Butte^fpreIdupon^p0lllfMfil (•'Ll„^'^»r.*f^*f- nieh. IF their Crowtti fila Dollan fenre only to ^y the Taxei of the RepubHdti they muft be very Blind in hugging a Shadow of Liberty, which they puiw chafe at the etpence of the Suoftancethat nudft'' tains both Life and Health: The beft thing the Dmus ever did. was that ef] fetting their Kings upon the fame root as they now are. The Prince that fways the Scepter at prefent^ exercifes an Arbitraiy Power with at much Equity as his Predeceflbr. Before their GoTernment was reduc*d to this happy lav, the Kingdom was overrun with fadioui Chibt and' Civil Wars ; the State and Societv it felf was all in diforder ; the Grandees cmfh d the inferioor Subje^s, and even the Kinn themfelves were oblig'd to (loop f if I may fofpeak) to the Laws to Portugal and Denmark. 1^5 c- lilfBoenare provided for at a reaforiable race, v- l^edally the Marine O0icen who are not alloc- idp (a< opn are in Firtmet^) any greater Pay ilun what beari a luft proportion to the poor Captaini of Foot and Horfe, who are oblig d to pinch hard to anfwer the Charges that tlK Sea S aim arc exempted from. Tii faid^ the of Dmnuvk findi liis account in letting out bii Xrpops CO his Allies^ not with regard to the liooy pay'd on that account^ but in regard that by this means he keeps his Troops in exercife. Inures 'em to the hard/hips of War, and makes oa compleat Mafters of the Military Art ,* in ivder CO make uie of 'em upon oocafion. You Qoft knoW| Sir, his Danijh Majefty is above that liJicuious Scruple that moft other Princes make toimploy Forei|;ners or thoie of another Religi- (Srin their Service. The Mtjieun Je Cormailimj llimtni^ V Ahaty and feveral others have confi- ^ablo Polls in his Army, notwithftanding thac ^y are Fnncb Men and Tafifis, From hence it wpears that t^is Monarch is convinced thac Men « Honour will rather diiferye their Religion thau ad counter to the Fidelity due to their Ma- ftor : And to be plain with you, I believe the King is in the right of it : For lince the Founda- tion of all Religion confifts in the Fidelity wo owe to God, to our Friend and to our Benefa- dor I Nothing will be able to unhinge a Man of Honour, or to tempt him to && contrary to his Duty. I will not pretend to meafure the anions of others by my own Standard ; but for my own part, I alTure you if I had lii^ed my fclf in the Service of the Turks y with the liberty of conti- nuing Popifh i and if Orders were iflued forth for laying Romt in Aflies, I would be the firft Man to let fire to it, in obedience to the Grand ^tkniafi Orders* ]3ut we have enough of that. The ii'l'ii^^y;'^^ ijtf Some New voyages The Danipt Laws^ concain'd in the Lttm Bo( „ I now fend you, will appear to you fo clear, fo] diftind, and fo wifely Concerted, that they'll] ieem to have proceeded from the Mouth of St. Tad : You'll find by them that this Country do'sj XK>t countenance SolHcitors, Barrifteh, and thel reft of the litigious Tribe. I own indeed that the Law relating to Man-Slaughter is unreafon- able j for you'll find that by the Penalty ihereini enaiied, a Man that kills his Enemy runs muchl the fame rifque as if he had fuffer'd himfelf to be kiird. « ; • ' The Court of D-mark nKiids ¥<^ good a Fi« gure in proportion to its Greathefsj' as any other] Court in Europe. The Lords and Courtiers have very magnificent Equipages; and which isfin- gular, none but thofe or the Royal Family are allow'd to give a Red Livery. The time of ap- pearing at Court is from Noon to halJF an hour after one, or thereabouts; during which time the King appears in a Hall fill'd with very fine Gentlemen. Here you'll fee nothing butlm- broidery and Lice.aner the neweft Fafhion. The Foreign Minifters make their appearance at the fame time, for the King do's 'em the honour of hearing them Talk with a great deal of Pleafure. There arc but few Knights of the Order of the Elephant to be feen at Court, by reafon that the Dignity is beftow'd only upon Perfonsof thefirft Rank. This Order may juftly be call'd the no- bleil in Europe, and lefs degenerate than the reft ,* infomuch, tnat of thirty four Knights Compani- ons, which make up the Compliment of the Or- der, three fourths are Soveraign Princes. The Order of * PaHebrouk is more * DaaebroukyJgBz/M common, and confequent- tbe mue Order, jy j^^^ confiderable ,• 'tho' af- ter all, the Knights invefted wich that Collar, are .-{ le no- reft J ipani- \cOr- The iinore juent- Iho'af- :olUr, are t G\x\Atn\tw fgnifti A Gtldn Litn, to nefj. * tyhicb is e^uivtlent the German Higlf' The cldeft Serves to ForcugaL and Denmark. 2^7 |}(e intUled to feveral great Prerogatives and l^arks of Preheminencc. The natural Sons of the Kings of Z>e;fm4r^, lar the Title of t GulJen' \y and Hjib ExctUence, * id their Ladies are di' ^guilK*d by the Compet- ition of High Grace. The rcfent King has two natu- y Sons^ whofe Merit leaves ill Expreffion far behind it. ifl France with all imaginable Applaufe. The Se- pd who is but fifteen years of Age and conti- liues here, is a very promifing Youth : He has a ronderful deal of Senfe and Wit ^ his Perfon is indfome and well Shap'd ,• he is polTefsd of aU ]e Qualities that ingage the tender Sex ,• his ken is perfe(5^1y charming ,* in a word, he is le of the compleateft young Gentlemen I ever w» He is nominated High Admiral of Deiti fk I and, which is very mrprifing, he is bet- (rvers'd in the Adatbematicks and the Art of Build- ]g Ships, than the ableft Maimers. In the King i Dmmark's Dominions there are two Popim ^.hurches publickly Tolerated; onp 9XGlucfiat id the other at Altena, The Air of this Country is very wholfome for lihofe who live foberly ; but it has a contrary ef- p upon difcontented Perfons, The only Dif- tafe they complain of is the Scurvy * which the Fhyficians impute to a foul nafVy Air loaded with lin infinity of thick and condenfated Vapours, which joyn their Forces upon the Surface of the pith, and infinuate themfelves into the Lungs Jlong with the Air : They plead that their Air ^hus polluted, joyns in with the Blood, and re- Ms its Motion in fo much that it congeals, arid fo gives rife to the Scurvj. But with the leave of %■ 138 - Sme NedVcydgtf the good Do(^ors^ FHtAkethe liberty to ViiiJj] oace the Air of this agreeable Cir)r, and beg 'ei to coDfider that the impreffions of the Air upoj the Mafs of Blood are leis forcible than thofe V the Aliment. If the Scurvy took its rife Iroi. the unfavourable Qualities of the Air j by conf< quence every body would be equally liable to it bst this we nnd to be falfe> for that three qua ters of the Dariifh Nation are clear of thar Di ftemper. The Argument I now offer is grou ded on the Obfervations I made upon all the j^! diers that dv^d of that Difeafe at the Forts ( f^Mfenac and Niagara in the year 1687 ( wHich * •^ * ■ imparted to you in ml m im. year. ) In thofe Forts w| have the pureft and who] tbmeft Air in the World j and for that ica^ ftands more to reaibn to attribute the Invadon the Scurvy ( which then reign'd) to the natufi of the Aliment ; I mean^ to the Salt Meat, But ter and Cheefe^ as well as to immoderate Sleej and want of Exercife. This account of thi matter will be backed by all who have made Ipnj Voyages J when they confider the terrible havoc that the Scurvy makes upon the Ship's Crews, conclude therefore that the frequency of thi Scurvy is owing to bad Vidtuals^ purfuant to thi Opinion of a very fenfible Gentleman whom credit very much. This Gentleman reprefence one day, that fuch acid Food increafes the acij dity of the Blood ; and fo it comes to pafs thi the Blood of Scorbutick Perfons is defiitute < Spirits ; or at leaft, its Spirits are fo thin ani fcanty that they are eafily abforbedandinvelpp' by the prevailing acids^ and by that means pul under an impoflibility of exciting FermencadoM As for the influence of immoderate Sleep an loni ir 11)^0^ hofe fe f rot ^confcl letoitl :equa to Poccug^d W peittnarL tjp !|)Pg Reft, all the World jkaows that they have a {[rear tenaency todie obftnidion of thelmcftines« ifid promote the Ge^ieration of Crude Jiiic4», in kn^mping the Seniible and wonted Evacuations. mt\if by tbe (bwer Motion of the Spirits^ and w\y by the Infenfible Trani^iration of the Su- lljimer Parucles. From thefe Remarks I con- miQ% that freib Meat^ good Porridge, regular t^ep, and moderate Exercife ( si ruinem mm ad imrtm ) are Antidotes againft the Scmv^y and m boft Corre^ves of the Mais of Blood, whe^ Uff[ hy Sea or Land. I Iftidsdigrefiion, Sir, (eems too long ^ I would mt you to impute k to my earneft defire, of [Icei^Qe you bow to ward on that ugly Diftenw loer, when you come to undertake any loi^ lyoyaget I would not hav« you th*nk that I have jto interrupted the thread of iiiy XK&ourfe, [Mii intent to prove that the Air of this Ifland h better th«a that of Vmugd : 'Ihu*s a thing I Ww nothing of I for whatever Air I breath in, \{m ftill equjdly well. 'Tis true, the xncon- llvigr of the Weather might afFe^ me in fome linMlare, if I were oblig'd to pais the remainder lof my life in C(f€Mbagm.; for here we have fres. Iqaeai: inftaoces of the Weather & changing three '^^^' i^Socfour time&aday, andlbiftingfromicoldtohot, nt to tbi I whom preifente^ the aaj pafs t1 Ucute thin aij velo^' dxy to wet, and £rom clear to cloudy, thad tb^ honour to pay my profound refpei^ ^ the King o( Denmark at his Caftleof Fnde- tickthitt^y upon the occaTion; of his Infialiing Ipmc German Princes by Proxy in the Order of the Elephanr. That Ceremony which indeed ^ very pretty, drew thither a great confluence ofperlbn&of a diftioguiflung Char^der ^ parti- jj_«)lariy all, the Foreign Minifters who were proud f^^v^Bof affifting at the Solemnity.. Some days after Ten anl*" Prince went to tal^^he Air at Cnntnghourg, I It!: '1 ^^M:\ m If i^o • Some New Feyager which ibinds direAly upon the fide of the ftreightj cali'd the 3und, This Caftle has a regular Fo^l tification^ being Waird with Bricky and cbver'dl with a great number of wide bore'd and iongl CulverineSj which command the entry of thel Streight^ that I take to be the breadth of Threel thouland five hundred Geometrical Paces, that isl to lay, a large French League. Here you have thel pleafure of Seeing an infinity of Foreign Ships! pafs to and again between the Ocean and the| BahickSe* : And in regard that the Guns of Civ* nengbourg are the Keys of this Port, all Forcigi Ships lye under an indifpeniable neceflity ot coming to an Anchor at ElfinoTy to pay the Toll before they go farther. You may allege^ per- haps, that a Numerous Fleet of Men ot War might force their PalTage at the expence of a| little Cannonading : and indeed I own the allq gation to be juft ,* but if the King of DenntarK, Navy were at Anchor in the Streight, I am per- fwaded they would be able to fecure the Pafs.1 and for that reaibn you ought not to think itl firange that his Danift Majefty exa<5bs a moderatel Toll from the Merchantmen of all Nations^ ex-j cept the Swedes : At leaft I think he has a better] Title to demand it, than the Grandfignior has in] the Dardanelles, For moft of the Ships that fail] to the Baltickj go to Trade with Lubeck, BrandenA bmrgy DantzJickj Trujjiaf Courlandj Livonia and I Sweden ; whereas thole which pafs the DardaneSesi are bound for the Gro(Iar is Wor^h 50 LMtcPttiCQ* A Danif» Rix Dollar goes for 48 Lubec Pence* A Sbet Dal H worth 52 Li^e ^0; . A Marc-lub9 p^iTes for 16 Stuivecs of Luhc^ A Marc Danifi} is worth 8 LuJftc Stiiivers, A half Mark Danijhis worth 4 Lukec Pet^. ?nc Lubec Penny is worth two Danifi pence^ tv^o tfanipi Pence are of iht {itsie valjie with {biirreeh Prench Defiter^^ Which iS iniidi thejadte with ah Englifi^ Penny . arid by this St^tidaM Vou may reduce alt the above nientiorfd Dibn6mih^« ^^0"S. i. ^^ 1 - A Gold&ucat is Worth iWo J!)anijli kix Doftar 1 ahd die Half I and Quarter Crowns obferve the ma6 pia|ioi^<* on, as wetl as the toftit d* Ores. ;^-: , Ih the JtOind Of Zealand the Leagues coHfift of 4200 Geometrical Paces; the i^orwaj Leagues I are longer, arid thofe of tfolfiein are of 1^ qt^ tent. The CofwhrnnVW is ah Incli ahd a half digger than the FrsncB fialf Eft, . , ^ ,5^ I am, ,. ,- ■1'. M% ^ 5/1?, ^11 .■.■rPk'-'-mm t i y ^^gi gave me recommendatory Letters to feve- ral Perfons, who he thought would be able to in- fluence Mr. de Ponchartrain : But he was mif^akcn ia his Conjefture, as you'll fee prefently. After taking leave of the Ambaffadour, I went to Hamburgh where I was inform'd that Count CattiJlec, the Emperor's Envoy extraordinary to Qq 4 the ifM 148 Some New Voyages the Court of Dtnmsrhy foUiciced the Burgmt^fm CO Arrefl; me. The Surmife feem'd to be not improbable^ for I knew that fome time before be had uken up a Prejudice againft me At Fredtriff- hourg, upon the accoMUt oi fome liluminations that were made in that place ^ which oblic'd me to flie with all expedition to ^Itena, and tarry there for a PaHport from the puke of Btivaria^ without which I had certainly been taken up in the Sfanijh Flandtrs, I had no (ooner received this intelligence, than I met with the favourable opportunity of a return Coach boupd for Amfltr- iam. where I found a place at an eafy rate, with- 1 out oeing incommodea with a Croud of Pallen- ] 'ger$, for ih^re was but four oi us, v'tZj> An old Englijb Merchant, a German Lady with her Cham- berr-Maid, and I. The Journey lafted eight days, and would have feem'd eight courfes of Eterpity to me, if it had not been for the agreeable Coii-^ yerfation of that lovely Lady, who fpoke fuch good French, as to exprefs her (elf very hand- jomely. You mufi confider, $ir, that the Way^ of Arahia Deferta are nOt fo bad as the Road? of Wefiphalia ; atleaft 'tjs certain they are npt lodiir ty. out the chief inconveni^ncy lies in the Inns ; lor you muft know, aW the publick Houfes upon the Road are downright Hofpitals ,• the J.aud- lords of which would Starve for hunger, if Fo- reignex"s bad not the Charity to gjve 'em a Share of their Proyifions, which they are forc'd to ga- ther in froin the Rich Farmers that live at a di- ffance o/ie from another. In thefe wretched Re- treats you mult reftfatisfied in lying upon Straw; And all the Comfort a poor Traveller has, con- (ifis in this, that he may command his Landlord and Landlady, and their Children, to go and run where he pleafes. If you find a Frying-Pan and a Kettle to drefs your Meat withal, you're ahap- • V' ' - " " " ' ' ' py '^~- to Portugal and Denmark. 249 Ipy Man. Wood indeed there's good Seore of; ind their Chimneys being Built Iquare^and ftan^ Uflg by themiislves, a hundred Perfons may fit lifld Warm themielves at the Fire. In the mean time, I admir'd the Patience of lihe German Lady, who was ib far from complain" iog of the Hardfbips of the Journy, that (he took pleafure in rallying upon the Englijh Mer- chant, her Maid anamyfelf^ who were all migh- tily out of humour. I conjedur'd from her air Lnd carriage, that (he was a Perfon of Quality ; »nd I found afterwards I was not miflaken, for fince we parted, I heard (he was a Countefs of the Empire. She was fo well acquainted with the French humours, that I did not doubt but that (he had been at Par/t : But the thing that confirmed me in that Opinion, was her talking inaccurately of the Perfons of the hrft Quality about Court ; not to mention that (he had an old \ French Servant, a Roman Catholicky that could fcarce fpeak a Word of High Dutch, The Lady was of a large Stature and well Made ; (helock'd brisk enough, and her Beauty was io affeAing I that (he us'd all her efforts in vain, to make me believe (he was five and fifty years of Age. She pould not endure to be aniwer'd, that her freih and lively Complexion gave the lie to her Arith- metick ,* this (he took for an affiont, alledging that the Charms of a Woman beyond fifty, are too much Shrivel'd to caufe Admiration. This, I take it, is a very fingular and uncommon thing, for the reft of her Sex are fcarce accultora'd to that fort of Language, in regard that they'd ra- ther their Vertue were attack'd than their Beau- ty: But whatever be in that matter, (he feem'd to be mightily prepoffefs'd againft the French, in branding 'em for a light, giddy brain'd, indif- creet People, and ftill refleding upon 'em for think- 1 ", I r ,»,.l ' • i 'f*^ .'■■,^1 mm it ^ ^ ^ ^^^o. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 m ijLi 112.2 2f Ijj4 i"" m lit 1 4.0 |20 |l.25 1 1.4 j ,.6 ^ 6" ► y] /2 ^}. Photographic Sciences Corporation "^f^^ 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WUSTM.N.Y. 145*0 (716) 872-4503 '^ ■e ^^<^ ^ t JO Some Ne0 VoyAg^i thinking metnly of the Ominms. ^^ How oomes je. ^' CO pafsy faid ibo^ that the Ji'Mcil havft the InL. j pii4ence to deny the Germmn the ChUtt^er df Witty ^ and to take 'em for a grofe heavy Ps(k ^le j inftead of acknowledging fheir juft Tkle ^/ to Totid Senfe and Refle&on^ by Yeittie df | " which they dive judidoufly to the bottom of things ? What is it^ continued lhe> that the ^mch require as eflential to c'ne Charader of] tw6W it V efirit ? Muft we value our (elves up* on a lively nefs^ and $, fatfe fparkling Wk that I dazzles with a vain Splendor ? MiitftwemaVt our baitne(s to procure a ready and fubtk Im* magination, in order to drefs idle Flams in j GiWcd Words ? No, no j that nicety of e&. preffion is but Whtp'd Cream : And to fMakl the juftice of the matter, we ought to allow | the French a preferable Title to the Science i fpeaking well, and to the Germans a juft claim I of going beyond 'cm in juftthoug^s. fint this was not all : For fKe attacked the FrencbVMti fo vigoroufly, that (he made Prefumption and Vanity their ordinary and leffer Crimes. This (hews, (he had been in France ; to which for a farther proof fke added, that the French infukd the Germans with thefe ridiculous Proverbs ; m.| This Fellews asfodl^ as a German ; He pick'd a Gev' man parrel with me i he takes me fer a German, I Sutb a Woman would make a good German Womitty j. e. She is (imple and fooli/h. At the fame time, I endeavour'd to diiTuade hor from fuch unfa-j vourable thoughts, by remonHrating that ought to make a wide diftin^lion between the I feniible People of France y and thofe who are fuch fools as to imagine themfelves a Standard for all other Nations. I intreated her to throw off hefrl prejudicate Apprehenlions, and to believe tbtf the knowing part of our World have a profound eileem €€ te u ( AHtrnmy i. e. a German ) gives us fome :a$ to their Chara^er: For^andA^nvim- Ipoits that they are a People capable of any things ||il(e the Jefuits to whom ibme give the Title of Jmfi4^ Omnk Shtm, and who are therefore (aid b^be Gfrvfitfffif ^ by a Sbphiftical way of Punning. iQt this is not all that may be offer d on their be- paf; there are a thoufand things that fpeak the Morit of the Gwmans, We are indebted to 'em pa- the difcovery of the property of the Lesd^ tei withouit which the New World had never litieh'd our knowledg ; for the Invention of FW)i^ Sff which has taught us to diftinguifh Fabulous uiufcripts from Divine Writings ; for the In-^ nntionoiCiocit, of the d&in^ of Gum, Bells^^c, This gives plain evidence of their dii^inguifning biduftry and Capacity. Add to all this that G^r-* 9sttji has produc d Soldiers^ who by their Valour uid Bravery made the Capitol to tremble, after defeating the Roman Confuls, and ftanding the Brunts of all the Courage and Puiifance of the hman Legions ; That it has been equally fertile in great Men, in the way of Learning, particu* larly Jufim Lip/ittt, Furfiemkrg, Mr. Sfanbelm^ lAmanithon, All this I reprcfented to theLa- ji)y ,* but when I mention d Melan^hony fhe inter- rupted me, and (aid, fhe was furpris'd to find that ihe French twitted the Germans with the Vice of hard Drinking, fmce themfeives flood cliargeable wkh Tlatos Crime. I had aimofl made anfwer, that if the Fr«»c/& had the fame relifh of things with that Philofopher, their only view was to bye Superannuated Ladies with as much PailioA as !! ■n I '">' 15^ Some New Foya^es as be did his Qld Afebeanajfa : But I cdntentedtn^ feir in replying,, that the Germ^^^ being diibblig'^ by having the Character of Hard Drmkers tliitoVH upon 'em, made their reprifals upon the Sreful by failcning upon them tht imputation ofE£nMf«MJ Love (Sodomy) with intent to render 'cim odious i the fair Sex. I had no occafionto make any fartht offers in juftification of the French , for the Lad] feem'd to be fatished with what I faid. In fin< this Lady was fo comely and agreeable In iuci advancd Years, that if Balzac had feen her, hj would not have offer I conclude wifth^ plain Compliment, that / amy SIR, Tours, 8cc. A LET to Portugal 4^1 Qeomark. 255 E T T £ R V. * New iU- )|ted U'^Eries€h^Jufy^4. 1695. hma^ ia Baf \9hth1g a View tf the SMperMitHn- mA JgH$^ ranee ef the Teeplet^^wtk^ theh adJi^ Oednefs to the Motions rf Witchcraft^ Af- ffiffitionSy Sec. Ah J the Authirs Ar^ ^ rncnti ayui^ that Dclufion. DOubtkii yonl be mighdty (urpr»d when you hear I am now in frghc of a Ceun*- tbing but wha it mm^ we imagine that thefe pre- ?^'^ ^^k^'^, */ *« tended 'Mifcreants fco'uld f^i?;^;^^ have the Courage to trull iv//^ Dtfifins upon fucb themfelves to a Mafter who He^rfx ^u Htbts titirij Is fo far from difcovering to '"w^/^rf. 'cm hidden Treafures, and a thoufand other things in the Commerce of the World which might mrich 'em, that he fuffers ^em to be Hang d and Burdt ? Prithee, how can we believe that God impowers thefe poor Wretches to raife Storms and overturn the Ele^ tnents ? 'Tis alledged that the Devil inveigles em by Promifes, and makes Contrads with 'em under a private Seal j but from thence 'twould follow that God invefted the Devil with a Pow- er to feduce thofe poor Mortals j which at th« iame time he could not do without Authorizing Lies. To pretend that God Arms the Enemy of R r a Wan* m i6o Some New Voyages Mankind againft Humane Creatures^ is a down- right infulcing of hit Wifdom. None but airy Fools can entertain the Wickednefs of Sorcerers^ the Cunning of Magicians^ the Power of Con- jurers, the Apparitions of Spirits, and the So* veraignty of the Devil, for Articles of Faith : For iuch Thoughts are only harbour'd by Fools and Bigots. The Vulgar feed themfelves with fuch Chimera's j and the Parfons that preach 'em up find their account in all Countries. Do but mind what I fay, and you'l find I'm in the right of it. In former Times the Charad^er of a Philofopher or Mathematician was a fuflicient Qualification for a Sorcerer. The Savages be- lieve that a Watch, a Compafs, and a thoufand other Machines are movea by Spirits j for your ignorant and clownilh People form extravagant Ideas of every thing that lurpaiTes their Imagi- nation. The Laplanders and the Tartarian KaU mouks ador'd Strangers for playing Legtrdemain Tricks. The Fire-eater at Tarts pafs'd a long while for a Magician. The Vortuguefe burnt a Horfe that did wonderful things, and his Owner had enough to do to make his efcape, becaufe they took him for a Conjurer. In Jjia the Cbymifs are look'd upon as Poyfbners. In Africa the Mathematicians bear the name of Wizards. In America the Phyficians are branded for Magici- ans ; and in fome parts of Eurofe thofe who are well vers'd in xht Hebrew Tongue are decrt'd for Jews. But to return to the Cunning Men of our Country ; What reafon have we to think that j Men would bequeath their Souls for the imagi- nary Sabbatic Pleafure of poyfoning Cattle, blait- ing Corn with Storms and Hail, and raifing fuch I boifterous Winds as overturn Trees, and flrip the Earth of its Fruits. One would think thefe Difciplcs ii. to Portugal and Denmark. 16 1 Difciplei woald rather ask Riches of him ; for if the Devil is capable of turning the Elements topfy turvy^ and interrupting the Courfe of Na- ture^ why does not his Power extend to the pumping of Gold from the Mines of Perou, or engrofling the Treafures of Europe, in order to give Penfions to his Magical Votaries^ who are as poor as Church Mice r I know you'l anfwer, Tbst Pieces of Silver will turn into Oak- leaves in the Hands of tie Devil: But that Allegation fmks his Power of working fo many Miracles^ and par- ticularly that which he imparts to the Wizards. But fuppoHng that he is not allow'd to work in Silver ; might not fo wife a Creature as he is reprefented to be^ teach 'em the means to ac- quire it in the way of Commerce or Gaming ? What (hould hinder him to condudt 'em to hid- den Treafuresj or to fuch as are loft in Ship- wrack^ or at leaft to teach 'em the Secret that enabled the Vajfetes Magician to recal into his Pocket all the Money he fpent ? You'l meet with fome who maintain, that the Devil us'd fttch Methods long before the Deluge, to preci- pitate Men into a Magical Idolatry : But if you trace fuch Dodors from Confequence to Con- fequence, 'twill follow that God was guilty of a flaming* piece of Malice, which cannot be. I would not have you to be furpriz'd in finding that I deny Magicians as well as Sorcerers or Wizards ,• for if we allow of the one, the other muft be acknowledged in Courfe. All the World takesAgrippa for the Prince of Magicians^ but at the fame time he was no more fuch than you. His Magick lay here. Being one of the great- eft Philofophers of his Age^ and having given proof of his Knowledge before the Mob of //- msj the Women were fo charm'd with it, that almoft all of 'em employ'd him to cuckold their R r 3 Husbands, n i6i Some Kew Vtyjagts Husbandly »fid At the ftnlc time feme RiTi) Monks who pretended ^odefcribe the De?iU Art) pUc'd him at the Head of the five Popet^ that Bemo the Sohtfmatielt Cardinal had the In* foLence to brand for Magidjlns^ l^t Jgriffd^t Book made the fame Impreffion upon the Mindi of Fools with the Cortjiiring Book and Heptame' ron of Afpono, AH thefe Ciiimera's ipring from the impertinent Writers of Conjuring^ who ha?e ail'd the World with their Illufions^ eithenthio? Malice or Ijgnorance. J can't look upon die Books of John Ni^er de VKJer, of Ni^tr; SfrHigir. f latins, ttfiat, and the two JefuitS' J>«liri ai?d Maldmaty without curfmg 'em for eirer ; for they advance Pofttions fo contrary to Reafon^ and itiQonfiftent with the Wi^om of God^ that all Chriftian Princies would do well to call in all fucli Booki^atid have 'em burn'd by the Hand of ' the publick Executioner, without fpairing Mi- nm^Dimonomanity the Mallet if Sorcerers, and tho Seven Trumpeit, What reafon have we to believo that Eric King of the Qotbs was firnam'd IVinif gat, becaufe he beckcn'd to the Winds with hi) [at, and made 'em (hift as he pleas'd ^ That ?a^ racelfm had an Army of Devils under his Cofl^i^ mand ,• That Santaberenm ftiew'd to Bafil the Enl* pieror his Son alive after his Death ,♦ That Mi^ chael the Scot foretold the Death of the Emperor Predevic II. That Tythsgorta kill'd a Serpent in ^taly by Vertue of fome Magical Words? And yet thefe Authors vent a thoufand Ues of that nature for uncontefled Truths: But what GervM fays oiVirgili Brafs Fly-Crowns the whole Work, ^Tis a Miracle to me that the Chancellor of tke JEmperor O//60 fiiould have thusexpos'd himfelfin| advancing aFalfhood accompany'd with many other Lies. From hence we may learn^ the Dig* nity of a Chancellor has not the vertue to email , w ... ... V, Wifdom to Portugal and Denmark. i6l Wifdom upon the Fools that brook it. Is it not commonly given out that theDevil runaway with Prefident Ticbon ? Who has not heard of Mar« Ihal LMxemburg's Compa^ with the Devil ? And does not the World blindly believe that the poor Curate of Loudmy who was burnt by the Ty- ranny of Cardinal Ricbelien, without any other Crime than that of incurring his Difpleafure ; Does not every one believe^ I fay^ that this poor Curate rais'd a hundred young Devils out of Hell to pofTefs the Bodies of the Nuns of Lou- dml What impertinent and childifli Stodes does Jobn Schefer offer in his Hiftory of Lapland f b not it very ftrange that the People ihould be allow'd to read fuch Books ? Are not fome fo foolifli as to credit thefe Chimera's as Articles of Faith ? And is it poffible for you to difabufe 'em^ or to perfwade 'em that no Man can cure Wounds by the fpeaking of a few Words^ or that the Men who deal in Charaders do not per- form all forts of Miracles by vertue of certain Phials, Garters, &c, ? No truly. Sir, you would never compafs your end if you offer'd to teach tm a Dodrine contrary to thefe receiv*d Opini- onsj they would hang you for a Herecick, or at lean take you for a Magician that by fuch a cunning fetch mean'd to fcreen the whole Ma* gical Fraternity from Profecution. Believe me, Sir, all that I now write is pod- lively true. The Devil has not the Power to j appear vifibly before our Eyes, and by confe- quence he can't engage us in his Interefts by a Magical or Witchcraft Contrad. Such a Sup- pofition is inconfiftent with the Goodnels of God, who does not lay Snares for Men that are already apt to go aftray. You fee I do not deny 1 the Exigence of the Devil ,• for I believe he is in Hell : But I deny that he ever remov'd from Rr 4 the "1*1 "M %&^ Some New Voyages (he Regions below^ to do mifchief upoii the JBarch. As for the PaiTages of Scripturcy which I you may take for anObjedion^I atifwer ,- That if\ $\\ the Places of Scripture were to be underftood In a Literal j^enfe^ God would be fuppos'd to have Hands and Feet^ and the Holj Ghofi to talk like an hfoquefe. You mud know, that before the coming of the MeJfiaSy Daemons were the tutelar and benign Qods ^ and the Word Jkt(mviw figni- 1 ties nothing elfe but Good Genius ,* but the E- \ vangelifis have ftamp'd upon them an Infernal . Charader, by adding the Epithet^ K«ex0 ^ i. t,\ ' Evil : And for that Reafon the good Devils have been ever fmce reputed Evil Spirits, according to the Literal Senie. Sir, you may perceive, I only infift againfl the Exiftence of Sorcerers, Magicians^ Inchanters, &c. which I am the more enbourag'd to do, upon the Confideration, that the Interpreters of Holy Writ have given 'cm Titles of Afironomersy ChirofnancerSy jifroUgmA f^c, and in giving the Explication of thefe fyno- nimous Words, never allcdg*d, that they \^ere| the Devil's Scholars. * This Subje(a would require a large Diflbrtati- on ^ for 'tis truly a very nice Point, which I on- ly pretend to glance upon by the Bye, withouti fpending more time in juftifying the Arraigned! Criminals from the guilt of an Imaginary Crime,! that 'tis impoflible for them to put in execution.j Believe me, Sir, the Magicians are Rogues tli^t cut a Purfe dexteroufly and unhinge a Door niin- bly t Your Apparitions , Phantomes , Hobgob- lins and Spirits are Rafcally Varkts, that in the| Night time (leal Corn and Fruit, ^nd l,dfs not on- ly the Servant- Maids, but fometimes their Ma- flers Wives : Your Inchanters are roving rel- lows, and Lovers by Trade, who inveigi; poor Girls under a Proq^ife ot Maniag?.- Youi Sopth-^ to Portugal and Denhiark. i6f Soochfayers are the Cunning Ecclefiafticks^ who knowing the Foible oi fonleRich men,extort piou$ I Legacies from 'em, with their wonted Dexteri- ty. The Sorcerers are thofe Falfe Coiners^ wiio abound fo much in our Country, and the Clip- pers, who pare the Piaftres and the Spanijh Pi- ftoles fo cleverly ; for thefe Sabbatic Works are always performed in the Night-time, and in the obfcureft Places. All this I offer for your infor- mation ,* and ib ihall leave you to believe what youpleafe. » I know the Bcarmfe are too much inclined to Superftition, and owe their Byas to the Ancient Mem- ,. */^f f ^J"' '.^^ ^^ be« of their * Parliament, ^sTar/ *' '^'''"^' ^ who by a ftretch of Cruel- ty beyond that of Nero, burnt fo many Innocent Wretches. If thefe Bigocced Counfellers are now in Paradife, moft certainly neither you nor I will ever be fent to Hell : Believe me, Sir, the Man that's capable of giving credit to the Chi- moras I now fpeak of, will not ftand to fwallow a thoufand other Fables that your Men of Senfe make a Jeft of. I do not pretend to undeceive the Ignorant Vulgar, for I know 'tis impoffible ; 'tis you only that I want to inftrucSl,* for I'm told, you declare, that all the Cats in the Pro- vince have the honour to be animated by the Souls of the Ancient Wizards, whofe Afhes have fervM for Lye to the Waflier- women ofPau thefe many Years. Our Salvation does not depend up- on the belief of that Article, for I'm fure 'tis no Article of Faith. Some People are very inge- nious in frightning themfelves, by conceiving that the Devil transforms himfelf into a MaftifF, a Sorcerer into a Cat, and a Magician into a Wolf ,• that a Soul retaining to Purgatory, af- fumes all forts of Shapes, in order to beg Pray- '••V. ers II t66 Some Nem Foyagis ert of the LiTtng, who have enough to do tO pray for themfcWes. After thcfe Crotchen ari once lodgM in a Man's Brains^ he^i afraid to lie alooe, and the noife of a Rat freezes theBloodin his Veins | for a Frighted Imagination trembles at the Apprehenfion of its own CbimdrM*s ; and befides the Injury done to himfelf, he does harm CO others, by recounting his Impertinent and Rediculous Adventures : His Stories meet with a leady reception, from the wealc and fimple fort of People, and have fuch a fearing influence up- on the Women, that they are forc*d in their Huf- bands abfence to get fome body to lie with 'em, ] that has the refolution to oppofe the Sorcerers, Magicians, Apparitions , &c, A Young Girl dares not empty a Tub of Water, unlefs a fturdy Foot-man accompanies her whh a Link in his Hand. In fine, this Do^rine of Sprights is the Iburce of a thoufand Inconveniencies, which af- ford an opportunity to Robbers , Whoremafters and Profligate Fellows to compaft their Ends. As for my part, I folemnly declare, in all the Countries 1 have been in, I never faw or heard any thing fupernatural in the Kight-time : I have us d ray Efforts to fee or hear fome News from the other World ; I have crofsd ^ebec Church- yard above a hundred times at Mid-night, in my way to the Lower City, but never met with any thing. But fuppofe I had bad fome Phantoroe in my view (pardon the SuppofitionJ what d'ye think I would have done ? Why, I would e'en have walk'd on very fedately .with my naked Sword over my Arm, if the Spright feem'd to be on one fide ot me ; and if it had been potted be- fore me juft in my way, I would have asked it very civilly, to give me leave to oafs by. You 11 reply, perhaps, that Swords and Piftols are ule- lefsinfuch cafes, and that I own to be true ; but then fo Portugal and Denmark. 16/ llhetivou muft confider^ that if it had been i SprigntfrJi' Shadow and Vapour could not wound m tip' wore than I could wound it ; and if it |jM Mcn fome Living Thing of a Monftrous Fi- ire, my Arms would have ferv'd to punifli the folenc Impoftor. Do but obferve^ Sir, that in laU the Stories of Apparitions, Sprights, Fantoms, Hobgoblins, &c, we never hear of the killing or wounding of any body. No w,if thefe pretended Infernal Ambaifadors have fuch tender Hands, why ihould we fear 'em more than the Light- ning that uQiers in a Clap of Thunder? In Sne, u Wife Man ought not to dread any thing but that which can annoy him either diredly, or. {indire^ly. You'll obje^, perhaps, that a Soldier, who hal Ifignaliz'd his Courage and Bravery on feveral occafions, has been known to tremble , grow l^ale, and fweat for fear, upon the feeing or hear- ing of a String of Living Fantoms, that preten- I ded to divert themfelves at his Coft. I acknow- ledge that fuch a thing may happen, but it pro- ceeds from this ; chat fuch people have enter- tain'd a Notion of Vifions from their Infancy, without giving themfelves the trouble to enquire into the poflibilicy of their Exigence. In a word, they have believM what other Bigots be- lieve of the Power of the pevil. Such men fear nothing but their own Imagination. But I have done j time runs, and I am oblig'd to go about a little Bufmefs immediately : I wifli I may meet with no Petty fogger in my way, for that Cattel is not fo eafy to deal with as Wizards and Phan- toms. <^ I defire an interview at Ortex, : The Papers I now fend along with this Letter, will inform you of the Bufmefs I want to difcourfe. The Country I am now in is a very good Country, but i 'J 1^8 Some New Voyages but I do not ifind Mony ftirring among ns^whiof, in my troth I do not like, for among the Ei$r9ft' «»/ one can t live without Money, as they dc among the Hurem of Canada, I Always thifikxK that Countrey with regret, when my Pocket is, at low water, and my Mind difquieted with^ Care and Anxiety, in contriving how to fill itl with that precious Metal, that gives life and fpiritl : to the forrieft fort of Men, and infpires 'em with ^11 Good Qualities. I am J \? SIR, Toufi^ &c; ^* ! LETTER VI. Dated at Huefca^ July 1 1. 1^95. Containing an Account of the Authors wonderfuA Efcape; his being taken up for a Huguenot, [ ,^, and examindhy the Ignorant Curates, I'Ve Tcap'd for once, but 'twas a very narrow Efcape, as you may guefs by the Story of my Flight, which was in mort thus. I was upon the point of meeting you according to agreement at Ortez,. and for that Reafon had been at Dax to receive fome Papers which feem'd to be of ufe to| me ; when by a matchlefs piece of Good Luck, II to Portugal and Denmark. %6f |l met with a Letter from a certain perfon at P^er^ mles. I had no fooner read my Letter, th&n I [marched' ftraight to my Lodging , to contrive jvithin my felt fome way to get faie out of the kingdom. You may be fure my Council Ava$ llbon alTembled^ for liich a Head-piece as mind does not ufe to fpend much time in Confultati- ms. I determined to delude my Landlord , by iefiring him to give me an Account in Writing lof the Road to '^gen, where I pretended to have pome Bulinefs. The beft of the matter is, that 1 id already got of my Farmers near two hun- dred Piftoles, and a fine Horfe, Which I was loblig'd to for my lucky deliverance. 1 got up by Ithe break of day, and delir'd a Guide to condudb le out of one of the Gates of the City, that leads a quite/different way from that I had in my JEye. As foon as I got out of Town, I took the load of Ortez,y and avoiding all Villages, fteer"d lupon Heaths, Fields, Vine-yards and Woods, fol- lowing all By-paths, and loddng in the remoteft iHoufes ; I had no other Guide but the Sun, and jihe fight of the Pyrenees, and ask'd every one I Imct upon the Road, which was the way to Pau, iBut not to detain you too long with the Particu- ilars of myjourney ,you muft know,I arrived atlaft lat Laruns,thQ laft Village of Beam foituAted as yott hnoW, in the Valley otOz,ao. I had fcarce entred Ithis foolifh Village, when a Company ofPeafants llurrounded me on all fides : Judge you if I had Inot reafonto fear that the Grand Piovoft was not |far behind ,* but I was miftaken, for the RafcaU bp'd me for no other Reafon, but becaufe they Ifancied there was fomewhat in my Countenance Ithat looked like Huguenotifm • they gave me leave jhowever to alight at a Tavern, which was fo dark md full of Smoak^ that yoa would have took't 170 Some Kew Voyages £>r the Andchamber to Hell | and here^ yot muft know the Parfon was to come to examine me in Matters of Religion; and that in QHlintry where the Prielts underftand as little whaL^ey believe as their Parifhiontrs .* For afJ ter I ii^d anfwer'd him upon all the Points hel thought fit to mention, he fwore I was a Huguei not i and upon this, Sir, I was like to have lof all patience. But confidering I had Beafts u deal with, I thought my beft way was to ufe *er as Beads ,* fo I oSer d to fatisBe 'em by recitin£ the JUtany. and the SunJay Veffers , but this Stra^ tagem fail d me, for they ftill continued oblH- siate, in propoHog to ca^ry me to Vau, Judg< what a perplexity I was in, when the Infamou Rabble laid, The Pfalms and the Litanies were tb\ fiffi Trayers the Huguenots learn d to cover their De- fiS^^fgf^i^g out tf the Kingdom^ It lignifyV nought to tell 'em, I was Mafter of the Horfe tc MeinjUur V Abhee d' hftrees, and that I was going to that Ambaifador in Portugal ^ that was Clamart m deferto. 'Twas to as little purpofe to threaten fo fend immediately io the Intendant at Vau, tc demand Juftice for the Affront, and for my be- ing ftopt : All this did not move 'em. At laft,af-j ter a melancholly Refle<^ion on the danger I was in, I refolv'd to try all ways to delude thefe Ig- norant Creatures ,* though this was no eafy usk^ for they are wholly governed by their Dolors And here I think I ought to pray to God to bleii the firft Inventer of Snuff, for after I had fretted my (elf two or three Hours in talking to thef(^ Varlets, I accidentally pulVd out my SnufF-boxJ without thinking of it, and as foon asl open'd it J one of the moft Civiliz'd Men of the Companyl defir'dtofee thePiAure on the Infide, whichj reprefented a Court-Lady upon a Couch, all na- kedj with her Hair hanging loofe. As foon as U hac to Portugal and Denmark. i/{ I had looked upon k, hefhowMk to the reft, who md to one another in their Bemcifi Language, That it was a J^ary Magdalent, At this Lucky Word^ I rouz'd my Spirits, when all on afudden Uie Paribn ask'dme y \Vhat the Meaning oF the Picture was ? I made anfwer, *Twsi Saint that \vouU takt Vengtanct of them for an Affront <^€rd 14 \mt of her Devmteft iVorfltifpen : And fo fixing my Eyes upon the Naked Figure, I made a Prayer to that Saint with an Elogy ; in which I attribu- ted more Miracles to her than to all the Saints in Paradife. This, together with the Exclamations I made, did fo blind the Company, that they all kifsM the Head of the Pretended Saint with a wonderful Zeal, and from that time I was no HugmnUy for I ftill continued to invoke the Saint that in Beam is known to be a worker of Mira- c\ci^ with the fame fury and difpofKion that I iKen feign'd. Every one ftrove to get my Pray- jers down in Writing, and all the Peafants now were at Emulation one with another whoffaould guide me over the Mountains, or who flK)uld fur- fiilh me with Mules. Such, Sir, is the diverting Hiftory of the ftrange EfTeas of SnufF: If itis of ufe to others, to hamnner out an Argument by saining the time which is fpent in conveying it from the Fingers to the Nofe, 'twas of great ufc to me another way, without fo much as expe^- ing it. What a Misfortune it is for an Honeft Man to be under a Neceiliry of prophaning the Saints for the prefervation of his Life ! 'Tis true, my Meaning, was good , and I have asked Pardon ot God for it. This (hews that a well managed Lye can produce among Ignorant People even &ch Effe^s as the Naked Truth cannot compa6. What pity is it that a Parfon fhould not {o much as undornand his Qatocklfm, and at the fame time ; {wallow 11 M r ' '^\ 27 > Satnt New Voyages fwallow down Idle Stories for Miracles ! Buttkts is the Biftiop's Bufmels^ not mine. -. And indeed our Bifhops are much like our Offi- cers^who are prefer*d more by Favour and Intereft than hy Merit. The greateft part of them are more indultrious to pleafe their Sovereign than their Qod. But a man had as good pretend to drink the Ocean dry^ as to attempt a Reformati- on of thefe Abufes* To continue the Thread of my Adventure, you muft know, I hired two Mules, one for mv Guide, another for my felf. My Horfe was (0 dred with itrugling to fave me, that Gratitude obliged me to ufe him with all manner of civili* tv and mildnefsj for 'twas no more than what he deferved by his fatiguing Services. In the mean time the Night, which feem'd as long to me as an Age,(fo much I dreaded theProvoft'sGrew) gave me more leifure than enough to beg pardon of God for the Contrivance by which I faved my fel^ in making ufe of the Names of his Saints^ In this Condition I was continually peeping at the Window to look for the dawning of the Day, but this Village is fo (hut up among the Pyrenees, that *tis a hard matter to difcern the Sun in his Meridian, or the tenth part of the Arch of the Heavens. At laft wearied with that uneafmefs, and quite fpent with the Fatigues both of Body and Mind, I tried to indulge Nature with one Hours fleep as a recompence for three Days wak- ing, when all on a fudden I was alarm'd with a gff«at Noife of Men and Horfes at the Inn-Gate^ t|^ Knocks they gave, and their Itrange Hol- lowing, freez'd all the Blood in my Veins, for I thought all the Conftables in the Kingdom were upon my Back ,• but my Fears prov'd aoortive/or it^as only fomeMuliteers going to tvafiv^kinSfaini to Portugal and Denmark. 279 By thii time Day-light appear'd^ and my Guidd called upon me^ upon which we fet out^ and join'd in with thefe Travellers : That Day we went as far as SsUent, the firft Town in SfsHt, (b- Tcn Leagues diftant from Larmis ; having pafs'd a Houfe which the Sftmuirds call Aiguu Caudts, that iSj the Hot-waters^ or a Bath which cures a world of Difeafes. When we were got to SaUtnty they (hewed us to an Inn , fo dark^ that it feem'd fitter for a Vault to lodge Dead-Carcaf- fes in , than to entertain Pafieqgers i my Spirits were thenfo exhaniled for wantof reft^ that! fell afleep immediately y and flept ftanding in a manner ; the Beds looking like a Magazine of Lice, I made them fpread me fome Straw upon the Boards ; where I laid my felf down^ after having order'd my Guide to provide for himfelf what Cheer he lik'd beft y upon the Provifo that he fhould not wake me. I flept in this Pofture from Nine a Clock at Night till Noon next Day without waking j after which we fpent the reft of the Day m finding out a forry Meal of Meat : The next Day after we put on very fmartly. and came to an Inn where we tound good ftore of Fouls and Pigeons ^ and upon thefe we made reprifals for our former 111 Fare. I In fliort , we arrived laft Night at this Ci* {ty, which ftands upon a flat low Ground, at the diftance of Two Leagues from the Mountains. All I can tell you of the Country, is; That from Laruns to t! Place, we have two and twenty Leag diftance; and upon that Road we do n thing but climb up and defcend narrow Paths, upon which, if the Mule did btit jftumble, there's an unavoidable necefli^ of tumbling down a Difmal Precipice. My Guide Sf told a74 ^^'"^ ^^ Vayages fold me 5 That the Road through the VaU \ty of Aff€ y is the pleafanteft , ihorteft and mpft convenient; but the way which leads by St. John 4t ?Ud dt Fort has this advan<* cage, that there's only Eight Leagues of Mountains between Roncevame and the Plains of Navarre. Upon the whole , I wonder much that Hercules did not fplit thefe Mountains for the Accommodation of Tra* vellers^ as well as thofe of Calpe and AbiU for the Conveniency of Sailers. I fet out co morrow by the break of Day , in order to reach SmagoxA at Nightir 2 am f *>yt*i>^q -^ S I R ^ hi Tours y &c. ^•»mJ .•'.lil :mni tlTlTERVn. Dftted at Saragoza^ OAob. 8.1695, Containing a Defer iption of Saragoza ; a Vit\» of the Government of Arragon, and an ac' count of the Cufioms of the People. Is IR, ' \ Have been three Months in this good Town| of Saragoza, during which time^ I've receiv'd feven or eigh^ Letters, charging me with Care- leiTnefs in not fatisfying your Curio(ity : But the fault lies at your own Door and not at mine ,* -.,, ■ > - for to Portugal and Denniark. 275 Sn ir you had not been fo negligent ii to delay the fending of what I receiv'd this very day, my Pen had not trac'd the uneafynefs of my Mind^ inftead of purfuing the following Relation. Ssmgots is the Capital City of the Kinj^dom of ArrsgoH : And I can t tell whether I ought to call it only fretty, or very pretty. However, I'm furi 'tis a vefy great City ,* the Streets are broad and well pav'd ; ihc Houles are forthemoft part three Stoiy high, tho* fome of 'em have five or fix ^ and all of *em are Built after the old Fafliion. The Market and publick Places are not worth fpeaking of. In the City there are a great many Convents, which are generally very pretty | as well as their Gardens and Churches. The Ca- thedral Church caird La Ceu is a huge and very ' Stately Edifice. The Church of l^ttefira Semert* ii l Pilar is but very ordinary as to its Archite- dure. The Chappel indeed where that Seniora (lands is Curious, upon the account that 'tis un- der Ground. The Spaniards pretend that the Sub- ftance of which 'tis Built is unknown to all Man- kind ; butif Werenotfortheirafrertion,Ifhould have took it for JValnm-Tree. This Chappel is thirty fix Foot long, and twenty fix Foot broad. 'Tis fiird with Lamps, Banifters and Silver Can- dle-Sticks ,* and befides a great Altar, contains a great quantity of Feet, Hands, Hearts and Heads, which the Miracles of that r/m» drew to the Sacred Place : For you know the Virgin Works Miracles every day that furpafs imagination. But the moft folid thing about her, is an infinity of > precious Stones of ineftimable value, with which her Gown, Crown and Niche are GarniHi'd. Befides thefe, there are two Churches here which were Built by the Goths, and are both Strong and Beautiful : having very pretty Vaults, which fliew Sfi - that 17(5 ' Seme Nem Fhy^es that r;&4^ People were perfeaiy weUacquAhitel with Sttr9ometry. S^ragots^ is Seated on the River Eko^ which is as broad as the Seynt at Varis. Itftandsupon fmdbth level Ground^ and incompafs'd with a Wall that's Ruinous in feveral places. The Peo- ple of Arraim put a mighty value upon a Stone- firidge that s over that River ; becaufe they ne- ver law many better : But they have more rei- fon to value the Wooden-Bridge that lyes a lit- tle lower, for indeed 'tis one of the fineft in £»- ropt. This City affords Academies for the exer- cife both of the Body and the Mind .* and above all, a fine Umverfity that may be calKn the beft in Spain iiext to Salamanca and Alcala des Henarea The Students are generally Gloath'd like Priefis^ that is, with a long Glouk. The Duke de Jovcnazo is Viceroy of this Kingt dom ; and as I take it, that triennial Dignity is mote Honourable than Beneficial, for it does not bring in above fix thoufand Crowns a Year. The Arch-Bifhoprick is worth twenty thoufand Crowns I but the prefent Arch-BiCnop being a very good Man, diflributes one third of his Re- venue among the Poor. Tho' his Birth was ob'^ I fcure, yet he was Trefident of one of the Coun- cils of Spain, which perhaps occafion'd that na- tural Antipathy to the French^ that he (hews up- on all occafions. The Canons of his Cathedral and thofe of Notre dame de Pilier, make a hundred I Crowns a Month of their Canonfhips. The Minifter call'd * Ell jufiim, ;..* ^^tJr. rlnr^i receives Appeals from all like that of a Chancel- ^i /-. ^ '^* > jfr*. lour. ^ * '"® Courts or Arragon, Tis from his Hands that the Kings of Spain receive a drawn Sword, wheiil they take the Oath to maintain the Privileges ofj the Kingdom 4 upon their Acceifion to the . . .; Throne. to Portugal ^nd Denmark. 177 Throne. This Ceremony is pdrform'd in tho Deputation'-Hmfs, which indeed is a wonderful Edifice. The Salmedina is a fort of LieutenanN Qoneral, both Civil and Military. This Office^ which bean both the Gown and the Sword^ is Triennial as well as that of his Deputy. The t ^^i" t Pdrlimm, i^* eneia confiftf of feveral t- -^: Counfellours, who are as nice a fort of Men as our own. BeHdes thefe^ there are five Sherifis or Juratesy who hold their troublefome Pofts but two years, and are properly the Civil Judges that take care of the Government of the City^ In finej fhould never have done^iflofFer'dtogive a particular Lift of all the Offices in thisKingdoro« Bread, Wine, Fowl, Partridges and Hares are very cheap in this place ; but Butchers Meat is my dear,and good Fi(h is a rarity. The Stran- gers that Travel this way, are oblig'd to Lodge in certain Inns call a by the Sfani" \irJs, Mefon; in which the Inn-Keeper fur- niflies nothing to his Guefts but a Chamber^ a Bed, a Stable, || Straw » v v^ and Barley. 'Tis true, the 11 7*wfV nethtr mj Servants buy what you nor Cvn in Spain, pleafe for you, and drels it as you order 'em, provided you require nothing but plain Boiling and Rofting. The Arragon Wines are fweet and ftrong, elpecially the Black fort, for the White is neither io ftrong nor io fweet. In the Summer time they have no other Diverfion but Walking, and that towards the Evening, when the Gentlemen walk out of Town,as well as theLadies,apart : But 'tis not the frelhAir fo much as the warm breathing that they have in view. In Winter,' they are entertain'd kith Plays, which the Vriefis and Friars frequent without any Scruple. Every Night there's an UiTembly or Meeting at the Houfc of the Duke Sfj Qi 'Ife m\ 178 ' Som HiiP Voyt^es of y&vfitsKA, whore they Came, ancl Diicoi^rfe and drink ChocoUre or other Liquori : And the Peribnsof the hrft Rank are alnioll al way i there. They are honcft and affable to the laft dcurcc As for my own part, I have rccoiv'd very fcnii* ble Marks of their Friaidihip^ particularly that of being regal'd in their Houics ; which diico* vers to mo that thcv are not lb unibciablo as they arc rcprcfentcd to be. 'Tis true, that in publick the Smile never unfurlcs their Biow, and no fa- miliarity of Joy can oblige 'cm to relent in their affeeka Gravity : But in private Converfation they are the heartieft Peonlc in the World ; I mean, they are the briskcli and merry cit Com- ];»amon$thatcanbe. Almoft all the People of jirrajfonAte as lean as I am, and (o, Sir, you may oaiiTy judge wliat a fort of Meen they have. They allege for the caufe of their Leanneis, that their Tranlpiration is great, that they Eat and Sleep but little, that their PafHons are fprightly and violent ,* .and in fine, that they diflipate their Spirits by excrciies which the Fremh do not follow fb often. Their Complexion is as pale as mine ,* which perhaps is owing to thefc very exercifes ,• at leaffwifc, 'tis OviJ's Opinion In faying [^Palitat ommts amor ; Co- lor hie ffi aftm amanti, ] Their Stature goes fomcwhat beyond the midling Standard. Their Hair is oF a daik Chclnut colour, and their Complexion is as fair as that of the Bearmfe. Ail 1 have laid of the Pcop'c o'iArragony may be apply d in particular to the Women as well as the Men ; tho' indeed the foniicr are not quite ib lean as the latter. They can't be call'd hand- fome, but at the fame time one can't avoid own- ing rhat they are agreeable and lovely . If Na- ture has been ftingy and penurious in Forming their Throat and Fore-Hcad, (he has bcsn pro- digal to Y^orcfjgal 0ni Doimark. 27 tf lUgal of her Gifts in givinR 'cm great fparklmg Eyes, ib \\\\\ of Fire that tliey burn without mer- cy from top to toe all that approach to 'em* They are very much obliK'd to theano, Pjihsgo- tdf'i Wife, tor toachinf' om that tlieir Sex wajf Born for no other ciiu than for the agreeable Trade of lovinj^ At\d bcinf? lov'd. Tliis loft Mo- ral fiiits their Complexion perfci5tly well ; and accordingly they praiitiib it to a Miracle : For in the Morning they run to Churcli, with intent io purchafic Hearcb rather than Faradifb ; and pin- ner is no (boner over, than they go to Vilit their She-Friends, who do mutual Services to one another in the way of intrigue, by favouring the entry of chcir Lovers into one another s Houfes, and that with a great deal of artifice and cunning. Contrivance is all in all in this Coun- try ,• for the vcrtue of the Women lies in playing their Cards handfomely and dcxtrouily, diir guifing the Intrigue^ more than eUcwhcre. Their Husbands are plaguy Sharp fightcd, and if their Intrigues take but the lead Air, tlivy run the riCque of taking a Journey to the other World, unlcfs they Hie to a Convent. Tis not above a Month and a half fince i law a Girl Stabb'd by her own Brother at Church, at the very foot of tTie Altar, for having entcrtain'd an amorous Correfpondcnce. He had made a Journey from Madrid on purpofe to do this mighty Exploit ,• for which he was Punifli'd with two Months Im- pliforment. There has not been above eighteen or twenty defign'd Murders and Allaflinations committed fince I came hither j by rcafon that thcNights arc as yet too fhort : But lam told that inWinter there never paiTes a Night without two or three fuch inftanccs. 'Tis true, 'tis only the poor mifcrable Wretches of two Parifhes in the City, who in- Sf4 fulc ■^- ■;- k'/s. 280 Stmie Nm Vyagts fttlt one another at that rate ; and are drove to that extremity by Feuds of ancient ftanding. The frequency ot fuch diforders is owing to ttios, that a Man can't be condemned to die without great Evidence upon the matter, and that the Condemn'd Criminals make ufe of the privileges of the Kingdom^ to put off the Execution from Term to Term : By which means they get off at laft for being turn*d over to the Galleys^ which there are a thoufand ways to get clear of : So that unlefs the Judge is SoUicited againft them by a ftron^ Party, they always Tcape the Gallows. As for Robbing in the Streets, they know no- thing of it ; and the Murders that happen have tio relation to any intention of that Nature, I have frequently Walk'd home all alone at Mid- night from the Viceroy % Houfe, without meeting with any affront. "lis true, I difcontinued that praAice after the Perfons of Quality advis'd me to go always in Company^ left the Affaffins fhould miftake me for another. However, Per- fons of Note or Charai^er have nothing to fear, Untefs they be imbarqu d in fome Amorous In- trigue .* then indeed they run the rifque of being Stabba in the Streets at Noon : So that a Man muft either have his Wits about him, or elfe have recourfe to common Whores, if he means toa- void fuch a fatal Exit. Now of thefe two Expe- dients the firft is the heft, becaufe it preferves at once his Ppcket and his Health. The Nobility of An agon is tolerably Rich \ but they might be Richer if the Peafants of Ar- ta^n Worked as hard as eurs do. Thefe idle Fel- ^^ ^ lows imploy the t G4Vii Denmark, ^gj flukes hU Beads in the Wker, in order to prefent 'cm to her. The fame is the cafe in Dancing, which ao s not happen often : For the Gentle- man and the Lady come no nearer than the two ends of a tiandkerchief, by which ihey hold ; and fo you may guefs how BufGng would go down in this Country. I muft tell you, the Spaniards are not fo ftern and unfociable as they arc reprcfented ; which you'll iperceive from a (lender account of their way of Entertainment. A Gentleman that I met frequently at the Vkeroy\, and at the Aeadc" mitSy did me the honour to Vifit me ; and I re- turn'd his Compliment in the fame way. When I came to return the Vifit, he rec^iv'd me at the Stair-Head, and condu(5ted me to a Hall, where we convers'd for half an hour ^ after which I ask'd how his Lady did, and he made anfwer, that be believd Jhe was fo well as to receive us in her Chamher, This* done, the Chocolate and Bif- kuyts began to appear ,• upon which the Gentle- man rofe and introduced me to his Lady's Cham- ber. The Lady flood up till we made our Ho- nours, and fare down upon her Sofa^ while Chairs were fetting for us. I told her I was in- finitely oblig'd to her Husband for procuring me the honour of Saluting her. She made anlwer j t,hat he looked upon me as ^a Spaniard, After that we drank fome Chocolate, and llie ask'd me if I lik'd it, and whether the French Ladies us'd to drink it. This Interview lafted but half a quarter of an hour, for being afFraid of infringing upon the Spanipi Formalities, I rofe, and after raking leave walk'd out of the Room with her Husband, who T.mted me to Dinner. We walk'd till Dinner time in the Garden, and after the Gentleman had ftiewn me his Horfes, we went up again to the Hall^ where the Table C loath was laid.* In l'4 Some Nem Vyag$s a moment in came the Lady^ and Saluting us af- ter her way, took her place on one fide of the Table, as we did on the other. Firft of aU, they ferv'd up Melons, lUifins, Nt&mtMSj, ana Fsgs j then every one had his Commons (et be« fore him, (like a Monks Meis ) confifting of a Breft of MutconRoafted in the firft Service, a Par* tndge and a Pigeon Roafied in the fecond, and a Rabbet Pye in the third, a Fricalfee of Foul in the fourth, * Orontes fur- • A jm 9f Mufimmt rounded with little Trouts ,1" l!LTat' "' of the bignefeof one's Fin- ger in the ntth, and an Ap>> pricock Tart in the fixth : And after all, we had a fort of Soupe as yellow as the Saffron with which 'twas cram'd. This, Sir^ was the juft Bill of Fare for every one's Mete. In the mean time, we talk'd of nothing but the Frmcb Ladies; The Lady alleg'd that in France, the great Liberty allow'd to the Men in vifiting the Ladies, and Playing or Walking with 'em, ex- pos'd the Wifeft and moft Vertuous Women to the affronts of indifcreet and detra(5Hng Perfons, who to make themfelves pais for Men of happy Intrigues, defame the Ladies that refift 'em. In fine, after we had rail'd againft the Husbands that tamely put up fuch af- fronts, inftead of refenting 'cm, we rofe from Table : So fhe took leave after the ufual way, and retir'd to her Chamber. When I came to tike leave of the Gentleman, he walk'd before me to the Head of the Stairs, where he ftop'd on the le^t hand, leaving me the right while I bid him Adieu. There he flood till I got at the foot of the Stairs, upon which he gave me his Hat once more^ and fo we lofl fight of one ano- ther. . ; ,,;" :■ '.::.;-. >- -■•:.- . •• ,■> - •, I to Portugal W Denmark, tif I thought it proper to give you the Hiftory of thb Adventure, that you may thereby know how the Sfaniards treat their Friends. If a hundred Gentlemen had regal'd me at fo many feveral times, there would have been no difference, un- lefs it be as to the goodnefs of the Cheer ; for the Ceremony is the lame in one Houfe that yod have in another. So that by this defcripcion, you know all that's ufual in Sfain upon luch oc- calions. I believe I have acquainted you that the Spanifii Women look upon us as an indifcreet fort of People, and perhaps they are nor much out in their thoughts ,* for all the Women oF Bm- rope (peak of us at the fame rate. Ill prefent you with fome Spanijh Verfes that a fooliin fort of a Poet made upon that Head above fifty years ago« Los DifcreUs Efpanoles A Los Aiaridos Zelozos , ". ^ , Hazen en Callados Gozos ^.' '^ * Orejus de Caracoles ; No fan Tales les francezes Tanto no fueden Cubrir ¥*, y^' Antes Mas ^uieren Mil Vezes, No hazer que no defir. That is to fay in good Profe. The difcreet Sfani- ards ajjijt the Women to cuckold their Hm bands tyfe- cret Imbraces ; whereas the French can conceal nothing, for tbefd chooje a thoufand times rather to be without the Adventure, than not to /peak of it* This, Sir, is much of a piece with the Argu- ment of that Huron, who alledges that we glory in requiting a Lady's Favour with a piece of In- gratiti:de, that tarnilhes hor Reputarion to all in- tenCf and purpofes. This caution may teach the Women not to confide in rattle brain'd Fellows. A Woman of Senfe will eafiiy find out the Cha- .„ rader 2i6 Some New Voyages^ See. TzAcv of a Man, when fhe Has a mind to give her felF the trouble of irifpedHng his condu^. Tho* our young Sparks are Fools, yet the Ladies choofe 'em before wiler Men : becaufe Wifclom dp s not take place till Nature begins to run low. The indlfcrect Tongue of a young Cavalitr^ do's a confiderable injury to his Mif^rifs : But at the fame time, your Chamber-Maids and Confi- dents, are not lefs guilty. We have frequent in- ftances of Women that lofe themfelves by negle- Aing a due Precaution with reference to their Domefticks* I call that Woman a Wife Woman that knows how to cover her Folly handfomely. Now^ this is one of the firil Accompli (hments of your Spantjh Women, who by that means oblige their Husbands very much ,• for tho* the Adven- ture makes the Cuckold, 'tis the Noife that makes the Horns. With this Lucky Word I conclude my Letter^ intreating you would Write to me to Bilhaoy for I defign to go thither wirh the firft opportunity. From thence I intend to Sweep ( either by Sea or Land ) along the Mauum Coaft, as far as Fcrtugal, in order to view the Ports and Havens, t have fo often heard of, 1 fhall take more pleafure in that difcoverv, than in feeing the iineft Cities of the World : And thus you fee there's no difputing a Man out of his reliih. -\ •' ;nr: / am. , A-.?-*-^- . SIR, ToptrSy 8cc. > A SHORT ( »87 ) MiMi A Short DICTIONARY Of the mod Univerfil LAM GU AGE OFTHE SAVAGES. . I Could eafily have fenc yoii a complcat DiHimary of all the Savage Words^ wich* out excepting one^ and of fevcral curioui Phrafes : But I confider'cl Would be of no ufe to you, it being fufficient to fee the common Words that are every Moment in their Mouths* This is enough for any Man that defigns for Ca- naJa, for if he does but learn in his Paifage thofe I have fet down, he will be able to Converfe with the Savages, after frequenting their Com- pany two or three Months. There are but two Mother Tongues in the whole extent of Canada, which I confine with- in the X'imits of Mijfififi ; but beyond that Ri- ver there's an infinity of other Languages that few Europeans- could yet learn, by reafon of the litte Correfpondence they have with the Savages of thofe Parts. The two Mother Tongues I ipeak i ■m w 1 8 8 A DiEiionarfof the (peak oG are the Httrm and the Aj^rnkm, The nrft is underftood by the Iro^fe, for the diife* rence betwixt the Huron and the Iro(fMefi Lan-» guage is.not gi-eater than that between the Norm man and the Frtncb : And fome Savages on the Confines of New Tork fpeak a Language that is very near the fame. The AnJafio^tterons, Toronto^ guerononsy Erritronons, and feveral other Savage Nations whom the Iroquefe iiave totally deftroy'd, fpoke likewile the fame Tongue^ and underftood one another perfectly well. The Second^ name- ly the Algonkine, is as much efteem'd among the Savages, as the Greek lad. Latin is in Eurcfe * tho' 'twould feem that the Algmkinsy to whom it owes its Original, difgrace it by the thinnefs of the Nation, for their whole numoer does not ex- ceed two Hundred. You muft know that all the Languages of Cj- nada, excepting the Huron and thv,fe which re- tain to it, come as near to the Algonkine, as the Italian to the Sfanifi • and 'tis for that reafon that all the Warriours and ancient Counfellors of fb many different Nations affed to fpeak it with all manner of nicety, 'Tis fo neceifary to Travel- lers in that Country, that in fpeaking it one is certain of making himfelf tobe imderftoodby all forts of Savages in whatfbever place he comes to, whether in Acadia or Hudfons Bajf, or upon the Lakes, or even among the Iro^uefe, among whom a great many have learn'd it forReafons of State, notwithftanding that it differs from theirs more widely than Night from Day. The Algmkine Language has neither Tone nor Accent, nor fuperfiuous dead Letters j fo that 'tis as eafie to pronounce it as to write it. 'Tis not Copious, no more than the other Languages of America ; for the People of that Continent are , Strangers Algolikin Lmgn^e4 %9p Strangers to Arti and Sciences^ they Muaae« qiiiimtd with the Lawt of Ceremony and Conn plcmcnt^ and an infinity of Wordi that the Bum roftmts ufe to imbellifh their Difccnrit « Their Speech is only adapted to the Necei^ies and Conveniences of Life, and tl ere is not one ufe- le(s or fuperfluous Word in the whole Language* Farther, this Tongue makes no ufe either of F or V Confonant. To the end of the DiBimarf I have added the four Tenfesofthe JWif^/nAfoFtheVerb, Ikvu iThe hUkathfe b form'd from the Ii^SMve, by adding the Perfonal Note ni, which (ignifies mt or I Thus, SalUa flgnifies to lovt, Md Nifski0, lUve, The (ame Is the cafe with all the othe # ^ VeibSf *Tis an eafie matter to conjugate the Verbs of this Lanjgiuige after one has learn'd the Prtfeni Tenie ofthe Indicative Mood. To the Imper*^ fea: Tenfe they add Ban, as Sakiahim, lUvJ$ CO the PerfeATenfe they add ki after the perfonal I mark, as ni kifakia, I have h^J, and to the Fu- ture m in Uke manner, as nir^Ttfibtf ot nim gafakis^ \ipmt loift. All the other Tenles of the Verli are fbrm'd from the Pref<^ of the Indicative^ for Bxample, NifiMfskiabMn, I wouU kmt, l^n^ llufakiahan, I fmU hi^t ievU, In a Word, when the Prefent of the Indicative, and the additional Particles for the otiier Tenfes, are once known, the whole Language may be learned in a very little time. As Br the Imperative 'tis formM by prefixing A to trie Infinitive) as AfaAss, haft yhm;9XiSth^ Plurali Ut m hut, is form'd by fiib- joyning 7a to thd Infinitive, as Sakiata, let m ^A It remains on^y to (hew the Perfonal Notes, V)«. t. ,j£. '■.V •*■, :'■:: \ ■'*.. %>* 'r,,. »." 'K . I ipd A DilliorKny of the^ lorMe^ Ntr, ^ Thee or Thou, Kir^ He or Him, Ouir* We, WraoueinU U-w ■ciii.. ..fx You, Xfr4dMf. ^'^^■^^ You and We, Kiracumt, They orThem,Ojw>4»w• BAg, aTobacco bag, Cafjitagan* Ball, Almm, , Barrel, Aoyentagan, ^ Beat, I beat, Vackitt, A Bear, Mackoua. A little Bear, Makons, Beard, Mi[chiton, -.^' Beaver, the Animal^ "^ Amik, Beaver- Skin, Afimni* koue, to Be or reft, Tapk* Becaufe, Miouincb, to Believe, Tikrimst Belly, Mifcbimut. Black, Markate, Blood, Mfcout, Body, Tao, Bottle, Cbkbigoue, Brother, Nicanicb, BrAtfdy, the juice or Brj^h of Fire, Smti- 1 ouahou* Bra^e Soldier, Sim0ga'\ Bre;ad, Ta-hucbikan. Br^Sch, Mifcoafab, f. Breeches, I .i-:?! ■«_' ;onkia I^guage. Breeches^ a circumlocu- tion for the covering of the Brech^ JCipoH- tie Koafab, Broth or Juice^ Onahou, Buck, Ouaskecb. Buckler, Pakakoa. Build, to build Veifels or Canous^ Cbimanike, ^9\ Country, Etulalakum, Courage, Ihave Cqu** rage, Tagoaam^. C * MasSmouU Cup made of Bark^ Oi^ lagan. 'M'' =H5 ;'V. .fll^lAi.'iy.?^' CAlIjto call or name, Tkbinika* Candle, to fnuff the Candle, to ftir up the ¥itGfluafacolendamao$Mt Canou, Cbiman, ■ v^ " Captain,Leader, Oiima, to Carry, Pitou or Fita, Caldron, Akik. Change^ I change, Mf- coutch. Child, little Children, Bohiioucbins, Coat, Cafotumtan, Cold, I am cold^ Ki- kateb. Come on, Mafpe» -^ to Come, Pimatcbai Comrade, at my Com- rade's Houfe, Nitcbe, -• Nitcbikme, Concerned or di^giuie- ted, TalimiJi:. Corn, Makmin* Covering , a wdiite Woollen Covering » QHakmiam >r\. Dat, Malamtk Pance, I dancis> .^M. Dance of the Savagis^ to theSound of GourdSj Cbicbikoui, Dart, 1 dart, Patcbtfom oua. Day, to day, Iftngim^i One day, ohmgau Dead, Nifmm* Devil, Evil ^^mt^mt^, cbi Manitou, < ' Die, I die, Nip. Difh of Maple VVooj^ Dog, Alim. Little Dog, AHmm^^ii Do> I do, TocbiSints ? Done, 'tis done, Cbajfi Doubtleis, Antetatouba^ Dre& Meat: I do tl:^ Kettle, (a Phmfe) Poutatme, Drink, I drink, Mmi- koue. Drunken, a FoqI^ Q^ koHehs, Duck^ Cbifiif, v*t- M<' Tta ^ i^i A t>ilti9ndiyof the Firelock, Stmtka§. £ ^ Fifh, ICfibw. .^iv;,, w;^ WbSbQ FiSL Atiikamc. EAchor every 6ne, Fork, NaffmiMkmt. Pif^ > Formerly, Fhamigoi Earth, AthotAekmn. Fore or Forcrefs, Omle- to Eat, Ojij^jy. ka'tiM, £lfewhere> C0iff«MiifirmL Forwards in the Wood, Enough, 'tis enough, Nopemenh, Mhmiic. A Fowl, TilS. ^^^ Equal or like one ano- B^mee, the Country of ther, Taiiliomeh.^^ th^Frend^^Mittifmbi'^ thuottkt ^edm, I eileem or honour, NafheUmih =-^ T^All, to fall^ Fs0k$' firoff/Omitfs. Faft, to go Mi Oi$tlh» hick. i Fat, Tkmti4 si^s? J Father, my Fadier, Hutfie, mek, EnJUal The fVMici&,term'd Bml- ,^ den of Slups^ Mtth gouch, to Freeze, Kigm. It freezes bard, JTi^ MagaU Full, Momikets -^• Fufee, Vaskifigan. G rirle» kioutjfens. Give, I give, Afiik G yAjy.* Fsedgued, I am fitifigai, Glafs, a Looking-^glaii^ Tahitffi. Ouahfms Few or little. Me J^rt- Go by Water, Timifis. gm. God of Heaven, Ma- Fidds fowa, KittegM' fter of Life,* Great ^i- Mk, tit; the unknown Bl- 1 teoFind, Naptomuoua. ing, Kkckimamtplej Hut, bmhs9H0m0 ' ' i JEfuit, Black Gown^ Ifland, Minis, ^' : - Immediately , Oaihattkp Impoftor, Malatifft. '^- Inaian Com, Mitta- Intirely, Nafiteh. -^^ Iron, Vtomhick, Iroquefe , in the Plujrat Number, Matcki»fi\ doaek. .sj^-^^-i TTV^-f.-j KEep, I, keep, Ga^ Kettle, Akikoru, King of Franct , tlpie .,y Qreat Head of the FrencbyAIittigoucb Kit-' cbiOkjma, ^ Knife, Mockoman. A Crooked Knife^ Oih t!!-'i!i m i If' Tt J Know, V- .;;^' ip4 4 DiBionary of thi Know, I know^ J^i|^- Meat^ P^*'^' rima, To l^i^W, KikertnJaff. A Med'cine, or Pdtiop^ Maskikik, 'T Ake , great Lake, I J Kitcbhamink, Lame, KakikatL Land Carriage , Cfc ,4^ Lazy, Kittimu To Leave, Tackitani Letter, Mafi^najgan. Liberal, Oualatifft, Liff?, Nouchlmoum, Light, fptendor, Vcnclao, Little, Ouahilomhelns. To Live, Noutcbimou, Long fince, *tis long ago, Cbacbaj/h To meet Nantouneoua, Merchandize Goods | jikkatcbigan, Miftrefs, or She-l^riend, Moon, the Star of the Night, Dibikattkizts. to Morrow, Ouakank* The Day after to Mor- row, Oufouabank. A Mortar o^ Wood for beating Indian Corn^ Ffiutagan, Much, Nikiia, N Ation s. People, IrinL Lofe at play, I lofe. Near, Tecbouetcb, Needle, a fewing Nee- dle, Cbabonikan, Never, Kaouicka, News, Tepatcbimothkan* I bring Mews, Tefatcbi-^ mou. Night, Debikai: Packilague. Love, to love, Sakia, To ly dovVn, Ouifema, : M, JLAle, Nape, laliciouj, cheating. No, Ka, one that has aii 111 No body , Kagouetcb or Heart, Malatcbitebe. Kaouia. Man, AU{tnafe, Nofe, Tack March , I march , Ti" Not at all, Kamamnda moujfe. ' * or Kagouetcb, Marry , I take a Wo- Not yet, Ka mafchi. mSkXi^ Oulouin. ' li>[oi\\\n^,' Kakegcu. Marryed Man, Napema, o Algonkin Language. 195 o _ 'AR, Afpoue. 0\Ay Kioucheins, One-Eyed, Paskingoe, Orxgnal^ Elk. Afm/. A young and little Elk^ Manicbicb, Other, Coutac, Otter, mkik. ^ P PAP, or the juice of the Meal of Wm» Corn, Mitaminahu: Part, in what part, TW- nipL Partriges, TiUfioue, Pay, I pay, Ttpabam. Peace, Peca, to make Peace, Pecate^ chi, Peninfula, Mniffin, Perfuafion, Ttrerigan. Pike, Fifh, Kinonge. lH{)e, Calumet, Poagatii toPifs, Mnfi. Pity, to take pity, Cha- omrlma, to Play, Packigoue, to Pleafe one, I pleafe, Marouerndan, Porcelain Beads, Aouies, Powder, Gunpowder, Pingoey Aiackafe. To pour out, Sihlkinan. To pray to God, Tala- tnia Kitchimanitou. Prefent , at prefcnt, Nougam, Prefently, Ouihauh. Petty, Oliebichm. P*, Patcbagm, Proper, Handfome^ ^«« /^4f . ^ toPurfue, Nop'mala, I put away (a term u- ied for a Man's put- ting away his Wife) Ouebinan, Q Q Uickly, Kegatcb, R JvAin, Kimkuan. Red Colour, Mifcoue, Red Powder, efteemed by the Savages QW<>- man, to Regard, Ouabemo. to Regrate, Kouiloma: Relation, Kinfman, Ta- ouema, Refolve, I refolve jTibt" lindan, to Reiped^, Tabamica, to Reft or Repofe,C£/»« kicbin. Right , to be in the right, Tepoa, A Ring, . Dibilimbfbffon, River, Sipim. Robe, Ockola, Root, OufiikoHts. Row, to row, Tapoue: to Run, Pitcbibat. RuntoJ vutito^Pittbiba. Tt 4 S Mv It* ijfl I I- 1,;.;' m tX: v-Z. t^6 4 Piffioit^ of tU Sony, I am forty, liii; S Soldier, Smuigm^itb, AMe, 1^4t0v To Speak , G#/oif/ io be fad, r«iSi- Invifible fieing, i4^ Sail, I fail, Piwiycj, Spoon, Mckmm. to Satnte, M^kMowik, Spring-time , Minchh Say, I fay, Ti/n. mmk, ^.,^ He fays, (ays he, ( a Star, Ahnk. very ufual Word ) T*- To fteal, Kimont'm, ua. Scockins, Hofe, 4^itaf^ Sea, a great Lake with- Stone , J^ffin. out limits, JgantaHU- Strong, firni> hand* gammk, Mafcbkaoua, To fee, Ouabenn, AStrong-man, Miuhhh Seek, I feek, Nant^ou* omffi, €rima. Very ftrong , A/-(if Jir. Senfe , to have fenfe , Sturgeon, Fim, LarmL , Nakmscka. Sun, Kifis. Ship, or GrcatCanow, Sweat, to fweat, itf4- Kitcbs Chimin, Shirt, PapakmiaMf Shooes, Machjmi Sick, Outineotts. Side, on the other fide, Oaamlnk. Since, MjpulacK To (ing , Chichin, Skin, Pachikin. Slave, OuaeJian, toutm. Sword, Sinnffm, Surprifmg , tia fujfri- fing or wonderful, £1^ uwh T»i..'itirf\:-c.i X Obacco, S^m4; Take, I take, Tskouan. Sleep , Ntf/a. Take hold , Emanda. Smoak, I fmoak Toba^- Teeth, Tthif. CO, Pentakoe» That, Maba, To make a Smoak, Sa- There, that way. Matt' gaffha, ;> dadibi, '*« • Softly , Veccabogo, There , at a diftancej Sons, Niti^ntt. . Ouatfadibi. . To At gonktn To Hunk or entertain an Opinion^ TiMmdan. This MokUi This way. UnJach, Time, a long time ago^ Cbaebayi^ Phraouigo, Together^ Mamaoui, Tongue-, Outan, Too Little^ OjfamtAUn* Too much^ Ojfum. Tp Truck 7htMM0t, Truly Xel«r. A. Turtle-Dove, Mmu Tyr^d, lamtyr'd. To- mnfi, w. TlfTAlk, Iwalk,Ti- Value, it is a valuable Thing, ^riifi4ir. Water, NikL War, Nam«balh j* . -f To make War, ^atitm" Warriors , NantohaHt-' chick. Way, or Road, Mickan. Well, that is well, OH- eoiielim. Well, well, what then? Achindach, Well then, Taninentien, Whacks that lOunneoume, What has he I Kekma- nen. Whence, Tanlfi, Whence come ye ? Ta- nipt Endaycnh Where? Tit^ Wherei8he?n»^4l. While, iWif^rfflrci^. ^ White, OmAi. Whither do you go? Taga Kitiga, Who's that? Ommmw msha. Why? Tammim. Wicked, in fpeaking of the Iroqmfe. MaUuaJU^ Wx\\,Omfcb. Village, Oudmane. Win at play, I win^ Paekitsm Wind, Lotahs Wine , the Juice or ^ Broach of Grapes,' Choeminabou, Vifit, to pay a Vifit, Pf- smetiffa4 Winter, F4poim, I Winter , or pais the Winter, PfpwwVi&/. Tounderftand, JV^^ taoua. Wolf, MdhingM, Woman, hkoue. Wood forFiring,iki(r^i£ Write, I write, Aiafh- naihi Y. • ^-•^ j[ EUow, QuzM. YcSyM, or Mineotitl, ^ Yes, indeed. Ante, oi Sankema, Yefterday, Titcbilago, Yet, M'maouatcb. Young^ Ouskinekiffi, 1 i ^y A l)i£Honary of the . I (hall here content my felf in ^mng you tli four Tenfes of the Indicative Mood of one P^r^ ^ by a view of which you may form the Conjaga- qon of the other Moods, 'Twere ea(y to inlarge upon this SubjeA ; but if I ofrer'd to launch out^ the multiplicity of things that fall in the way, would oblige me to Write a formal Grammar. To love, Sakia., ^^^ Prefent. Hove, Nifakia. Tboir loveft, Kifaiia. VLq loves, Oufakia, We love, Nifakiammi Ye love. Kifakiaoua, We andypu love, Ki- fa%i4mm.aoua. They love, SakiaouaK ' . Imperfe<5t. I loyed, Nl fakiaban. Thou \oyfd%Kifakiahan. Helov'd, Oufakiaban. We lov'd, Ni fakiami' nahan, You\oy*djKifakiaouahan, We and you lov'd, Ki- fakiininaomban. They loyd^ Sakiabamk, ^ :■■:'/-■' ^ - ' • ■ ■ *!v..v,'- I have lov*d, Ni klfakla. Thou haft lov'd, Xi il/- fakia. He has lov*d,Oii kifakial We have loy'd, JVif ib*. fakiamin. You hive lov*d, Ki ki^ fakiaoua. We and you have lov'd, Ki hfakiaminaoua. They have lov'd, Kifa^ haoitak, I Hiall love, Ntngafakia, Thou ihalt love, Kiga- fakia. He /hall Xovtflugafakia. Wefhall love, Ninga" fakiamin. You fhall love, Ki ga- fakiaoua. We and you fhall love, Ki gafakiaminaoua. They fhall love, Gafa^ kiaouak. Love thou, Jfakia.' Let us love, Afakiata, As for the Nouns they are not declin'd at all. The plural number is form'd by a k. added to a fingular, ending in a Voivel, as Alijinape fignifies a Mail, and Alifijfapek feveral Men. If the Notm ends Algdnkiti Languagi. ipp itftis with a Confmanty the plural is forni'd by the a4^tibn of ikt as Adinit fignifies an Ifle, and Mimjpk Ifles : Vaskiftgan a Fufee^ and Pajhfi^anik a plurality ot Fufees. The Algonfun vfny of Counting. ONe, Tegik. Two, M»f/&. Three, N/ffl/i(r. tour, Neou, Five, Naran, Six, Ningoutouajfou, Seven, Ninchouaffou, Eight, NiJfouaJJou. Nine, ChangaJ^ou. Ten, Mittajpiu, Eleven, Mittajfm acht fegik, Tweli I'welve, Mitajjou achi ninch. Thirteen, Mitajfou ach} nijfoue. achi uincb. Twenty three, Nidtans achi nijfoue. Twenty four, NincBtana achi neeu. Twenty five, Nimbtana achi naran. Twenty fix, Nimbtana achi ningotouaffcu. Twenty feven, Nincb* tana achi nincboajfm. Twenty eight, Ni» Proper j A Hutt, Honnoncbta, • Akmafii, Very much, Atorontm That's well, Andeya* I Drink, Abinba, Indian Corn, Onntba, Stockins, Arrbicb, A Bottle, Gatfeta, Hair, Embora, / V Captain, 0/ro«. Dog, Agnltnon, " Softly, Skerlonbs. Peace, Skenon* I fay, Attatia, To morrow, Acbetek, A brave Man^ Smguittbe To be, ^^i^il/V. «!-.j-,.i,v 1^-, ' t .Ti" V'rt*^"'-* >• THE •V" : >'. BOOKS lately frinted^ &c, Atltw Voyagt to Italy, with Curious Ohfervations on ftvtral othtr Cotintrits, iXf Germany, Swic- zerUndy Savoy^ Geneva, Flanders and Holland ; together with ufeful Inftrudtions for thofe who (hall travel thither ,* by Maximilian Mijfoia^ done out of French ; the second Edition , enlarged above one Third, and enriched with feveral New Figures ; in 2 Volumes in 80. A New Voyage to the Levant • Containing an Account of the moft Remarkable Curiofities in Germany, France, Italy, Malta and Turk/ ; with Hiftorical Obfervations relating to the Prefent and Ancient State of thofe Countries, by the Sieurda Mont, done into Englijh, and adorn'd with Figures : The ;d Edition , in So, A CoUeSlion of Voyages, undertaken by the Dutch Eafi'Indian Company , for the Improve- ment of Trade and Navigation ; containing an Account of feveral Attempts to find out the North-Eafi PalTage , and their Difcoveries in the Eafi'Jndies, and the South-Seas * together with an Hiftorical Introdu(^on ^ giving an Account of the Rife, Eltablifliment and Progrefs of that Great Body : lUuftrated with feveral Mafs and Charts , in 80. The Roman Hiftory ; from the Building of the City to the Removing of the Imperial Seat by Conftantine the Great : Containing the Space of 1082 Years; by Laurence Echard, Prebendary^ of Lincoln, and Chaplain to the Lord Bi(ho| of that Diocefi ; Two Volumes , in Bo. i s , f II I J.r #* *.»^ ^t^ii# tf- .«:*. HHC' K' '**' * *ti».V* V.!,^ ■> Vi if i W^ * J -^ A Leadt by the Age »»/ Savag Agues ^ Alfardig Algonkir univerj fandL ThePe Three < tion fo Iroque Almada ( 205. Amours a Savages Amfterdai Angui (M Animals, < Anskild ( niih Pii Anfe du 1 THE INDEX. -d. relates to the Firft Volume, and B. to the Second. A. ACadia defer $V J, A. iio Agrippa,/! great Phi^ hfopber, B. 26 r. Adario , the great Leader of the Hurons, call'd by the French the ^at^A. 90. Age much reverenc'd b)i the Savages^ B. 1 7. Agues Caudes, 4 hot Bath in theVyvenneeSy B. 273. Alfandigua, a Duty on Sw gar and "Tobacco^ B. 1 96. Algonkins , their Language univerfally kpovpn for a thaw fand Leagues rounds A. 1 6. The People dtfcrib'd, A. 1 8. Three Quarters of that Na- tion formerly cut off by the Iroqucfe, ibid. Almada City and Cajile, B. 205. Amours and Marriages of ths Savages y B. 34. Amfterdam defcrib'd, B. 215. Angui (MeiTicurs de) A. 189. Animals, amphibious^ A, 106. Anskild (Frederick] a Da- niih Pilot, A. no. Anfe du Tonnere, A, 86, Anfwers, ufual among the Sa^ vages,B. 12, 17, 23. Antwerp , the Pa/fage from Rotterdam to that Place, B.252. Apparitions, Chimerical , B. 266. Arpent of Ground^ xvhat^ A. 7, Arpcntigni (Sieiir de) A. 149. Arrache (Sieur de) B. 218. Arragon, the Government of that K^ingdom, B. 276. The Ceremony us'd at the King of Spain'j taking the Core nation Oath, B. 276. The Conjlitutions, Httmours^and Cufioms of thf Inhabitants, B. 277, 278. Their way of treating, B. 283, 284. Arpr<< [{iver, B, 5Ha. Aflaflinations /rf<7«tf«^ af $4- ragolfa, B. 279. Aveiro, a fm^U Town, B. 1 9 1 ^ Aunay (Count ^e) A. i?'- Aunoy (Madam de^ B. 211. Auxembourg, B. 221. Axe, burying the bloody Axe, a Sign of Peace among tha Savages, A. 140. Digging, it up a Symbol of PVar^ A. . 42. , III ill I \\h. Vv B. I N D E X. B. T B^gouafch, A. 214. Balenors, a fort of IVl.aleSf A. 244. Bandarro's , xoh*t they arct B. 200. Bank* of New-found-land, A. 172. Bars, what, B. 189. Bar 0/ Lisbon, vphan unaccejfi- bic, B. ir^. Batreurs de Fan-r, vehat^ A. 61. Battle, ¥ield of Battle in the Neighbourhood of Ham- burgh, B. 223. Bay of St, Laurence, A. 4. ' O/Millifagues, B. 65. Of Saguinan, A^ 86. Of Pou- teouacamis, A. 104, ir9. OfToranto, A. 182,215. De L*ours, A. 136, 137. Hudfon'j Bay , A. 206. fV/jy fo call* 4, A. 110. Sa- vage Bay, ibid. B.jy of ' Sakinac, A. 116. OfGa- • haraske, A. 218. Dcs Franfoiie, H. 220. Bay des ChaUurs, ibid. Bay c/Trepaflcz, A. 116. Of Placentia, A. 229. Bears, hoxvlfjlN^ A. 65. Se- vsral forts of them, ^.234, 235. They live three Months on the Juice 'of their Pavpi, . B. 61. Beam ( in France ) Monj fcarce in that Country , B. 268.T/je ignorant Bigotry of the People, B. 265, 270. Beaucour ('Chevalier} ^4, 176. Beavers, dcjiroyin^ the mhole Stock, ^ capital Crime d-, mong the Savages, ^.41. Several forts of 'em, A. 106, 133. The Defcriph'on cf a large Beaver, 107, It) 8. Their incredible Inge- nuity, B. 56, 57, 58. Bea- vers how taken^ B. 60, Bechef'er (a Jefuit) A. 172. Bcgon (Mr. de; A. 168. Bel in, B 212. Bernon TSicur Samuel) a Ro» chel Merchant, A. 255. Birds, A Lift ofthofe in Ca- nada, A. 237. BosLis call' d Trail Scoots ^ B. 215. Bonrepos , Ambaffador from France to. the Court 0/ Den- mark. B,.zn. .^qRs tnade of Birch Bark, A. 252. Bofton the Metropolis of^ew- England, A. 224. Braga, B. 187. Bragalonc ( MeHIeurs de ) A. 167, Brafil Fleet, B. 189. Brouiilon (Mr.) Governour of Placentia, A. 194. He con- fpires againjl the Author and being proteSied by Mon- fieur de Pontchartrain,/j the Caufe of all his Misfortunes, A. i95.&req. Brulois, Jnfetts of Canada, A. 242. Bruffels , the Paffage from Antwer^p to that Place^B, 252. Burning Prifoners to Oeath, a Ciijtuin among the Savages, A. 179, INDEX. c. Cacick, the N.tme for the Govemoiirt of the EfTioapes and Gnacficares, A. 1 1 9, iio, 123. C^dliVA\ (Dukr of) B. I <)^. i^alumec of Peace, what, A. 36. B. 10. Canada. A Dcfcrlptlon of thff Country ^ //. 8. 8c fcq. Ihw the Lwds were dijl^-i- b'uted at firfi to Officers attd Soldiers J ibid . iVjmen fent thithef from F'ratjce, A. 9. How lonv poffaJCd by the French. A. 10. The N.t^ iure of the Clirristte, ibid. A Geographical Defc^^'fJ^on «/' Canada, which ii / - * //j.iw Europe, -4.20^ /? number of Souls in the co- lony, A. 206. The Govern' ment a/ Canada, A. 260. A Charatler of the Cana- defe, A. 267. Diforders that ought to be rodrefs'd in Canada, ibid. Canows, Boat* us'd by the Canadefe, A. \ 5. T^heir Dsfcription, A. 16. Ca- novis of Elm Barl{, A. 82. dapeRafe, A. 3, 206, 116. Cape Raye, /?. 4, 221, 226. Cape Breton, A. ^, 183. Cape Tourmente, A. 6. 173. Cape Firtifterre, B. 213. Carcaioux, what and how'i^' kon, A. 61. 3i Caribdu's, w^hat , and hlwf kill'd, A. 59. Carps in the Miflifipi, A. 2/^, Cai-cier (Jatttes) A, 206. ^ Ca (cades, A.'^n} ■ \ '">. CafleinsfTJ^roii A^)a Bearnefe Gentleman that turn'dlialf Snva^^c, A. 223. Caltoreum, in whnt part of tie r iver lodg'd, A. 167. Cara'"»couy, 4/mj, Fort Fron- rensc. A. 38. Cataracts, A. 30, & leq. Cats w>id, yj. C6. Chnmhli dc/crib\l, A. 47. Chaijipigni ( Monficur de $' arrives nt Quebecic, A. 5 5, Chapenu Rouge, A. 116. * Children (Savage) their way of playing^ B. r 3. Chriftening-, a ridiculous Cu-i fiom among Sailors fo caWd^ ^■4>9- Chriftianity. the Savages ef Canada very avcrfe to it, B. 3. Chriftian III, IQ'ng 0/ Den- mark, his Death faid to be foretold by an Angel, li. 247, Chriftians-Fawe , a Danifh City, B. 228. Circzee /« Holland, B. 214. Citrons of North- America, the Fruit wholcfom, and the {{not mortal Poifon, A. 250. Cold ink, the KJng of Den- mark'/ Palace, B. 244,246. Coliers, what they are, A. 36. Commerce of Canada j A: 254. The Goods proper Jbr the Savages, A. 258, 159, Complexion of the Savages^- B. 1.8c feq. , Copenhagen dcfcrib'd, B. 227, dt has art excellent HarboUr^ ibid. . T/jff fi^eather is very inconjiant in that Place; B. 239. V V 2r €of- M ii Ui INDEX. Corlar, the Iroquefe !T»V/tf Dardanelles, /i&ff (rand Seigni- for the Governottr o/Ncw or takes Toll there ^ B. 240. York, ^.41, and for New Days, hox9 divided by the S4- York it felf, A. 155. vages.B, ij. Naked Dajis, Corigidor, a Portuguefe O/- mat, ibid. ficer^ B. 207. Cores, a fVord usd by the French Planters, A. 7. Cotrages of Peace. A. 117. Dead, Ceremonies perform d to them by the Savages^ B. 5. Deef-hunting, none fo good as in Denmark, B. 230. Councils of the Savages, B. 9. Deity , the Notion the Sa- Coureurs de Bois, A. 20 Couper, a Captain of a Pri- vateer, B, z 1 3. Cradles, what the Savage fVomen ufe ivftead of Vw, Creu(ei^/wr, A. 142, 144, Criminals have gyeat privi- teges in Arragon, B. 280. Crocodiles bow takfn nlive^ A. 2^4. Croningbourg, the Kjng of vages have of 4 Deity^ B. 19, ^9- 9»; , . Denmark, their Naval and Land force, B. 239. A View of that Cotirt, B. 228, 236. The Icings CharaSt- er, B. 228. H« ({evenue^ B. 234. The Value of the Current Mony in that Coun" try, B. Delft, a neat, large, and fine City, B.215. Denmark',; Palace^ B. 2*30, Denonville ( Mr. de ) the ... 'n I • I ' ^ ^ II' J 240 D. News cf his being recalled from the Government cf Canada, A. 150. Devil. The Opinion cf the Savages with refpeH to him, B. 30. Peace,what it imports, A./^i, Devil more tradable in pri- Several forts of Dances in viltiveTl v:s, B.i<\'). ufe amongfi the Savages, A. Dialogue bt ^Ixt tic Author 105, iio, B. ro. Dancing /THt/Adario B. 90. of the Porcugutfe indecent ^ Dipping o/AvP -born Children Dance. To dance the Calumet Dance under the Tree of B. 205. Danebrouk, a Danidi Order „ B. 236. Danes, fir ft Difcovercrs of the Countrey of Labrador , or of the E-^kimaux, A. 209. The Commodities they fend to England and Holland, B. 241. Theii ^alitla.B, 230. iti warm H'atcr, in tfc rf- mongfi the Savages, B. 41. Difeales ^>nd H^mediss cf the Savages, B. 45. Do ( Chevalier ) fent with Propofals of Peace to the Ircqucfe , with the fatal event, A. 157. Don, a Jit It, to whom given by the PgrcncncCc, B. 194- Don Don Dorvil A. Dourc Drefdi Ducksl Dulhul lilh' Duranl an rich I Bagles] Ebro gon, Ecclefis the ( A. 2 £coutt( Elephai dir 0^ Elk.s / Theii How Elfenor Ships B z Engliih Sea . Plan, unafi Erafmi Errick, his p PVin Eskimo Peop EfTina] Thei m Trai 121 Eftrec Don Quizot, B. 19S. Dorvillers CSicurj an Offcer, A. 74. Douro S^vn^ B. 139, 190. Drefden, B. 222. Ducies in Canada, A. 240. Dulhur {Mr?) takes an Eng- lilh Convoy^ A, 74. Durantais {Mr. de laj takfs an Bnglifli Company mth a rich Booty ^ A. 73. E. Eagles of Canada, A. 239. Ebro l{iver runs thro Arra- gon, g. 276, 28 1. EccIeHafticks their Intereft in the Government it Qiubt'C, i-,2. is much c j}rrm'J, 1 1^. tie Pe.icc le , tnvfe of i^rcit importance, ibid. Fronltnac {Fort of ) Jefcrih'J, ' A. ^i- liellvrjuifh'd by Mr. do Dcnonvillo, 149. a p.trty [cut thiticr to repair it^ [53. G. Calcnis, a Spantfli, B.lSi.lA Galere, .1 P^ifs of the Hjvcr 5^ Laurence, y/. 30. 0:^w\C'i of the Savages, B. 18.^ (JnueouHc, a fort o/"Iroquelc I'ilinfc ltnpri:(dthere^ and . how ui\i, W. 7 f . G JVM c Ins an Epithet J^iven by the Peop'.c of Arragon/'o^/;c . French, B. 2S0. li;i!pv' Ci.;/?, //. 171.208. G a! pel or s vid. h'ifi\ Geometrical Problems, the practice of 'em mcji furpri- :;i>i?; to the Savaires. B.i "j. Germans compared with the French, B.t.^o. Gibraltar, the I\it7^ of Spain vu\hr dsmand Toll at that St>c.\^ht, B. 2AO. Ginire<;, ^/e.^t convex ones far' pri^in>y to the Sava?es.B.i6. Gnaciitares, a People^ A. 1 19, lii. they tal{g the Autior an I his M'n to be Spaniards, 111. their Govcrttour, 11^. tl'Cy rcprefent the Cotmtryof the Mozecmlec on a Deer's Skin, ^' 114. Cold-coiour'd F//7.\ vid. Ftp), CJoIilla,.! Spanidi Colxr B.2S2. Goihs, iinderJliHul Stereome- try perfcdly vecli Glmftac B. ill. defcribed B. 274- Gr.mpula, the Title of an Iro- quclc Cr.ifutcc, W. 35. his Interview with Mr. de la Barre, ibid. Crapes 0/ Canada, A.1%0. Guldenlevv, the Title of the natural Sons of the KJn^ of Denmark, B. 137. • ■y'^ H ' -^ Flabit of the Sava^^es, B. 6. L'Habito dc Crirto, the Kjn^ 0/ P0rtug.1l 'j I{pyal Order Jo ca/rd,B. 210. Hamburgh, and the adjacent Country defer ibcd, B. 222, 223. Harangues of the old Savas^eg in S.icrificin^.B.ii. Haran- gues to the Corps of the De- ceafcd, B. 5 r . Harts, hon> kjlfd, A. 59. 64. Havre dc B.ir re, vehat, iJ. 1 3 8. Helena ( Mr. de St. ) A. 143 , 164. Hcraldery of the Savages, B, 84. Hcrm.iphrodites, B. 44. Hieroplv phicks of the Sava- ges, B. 86. > ♦ Houlcs of the Sava7cs, B. 6. llUfLidsJcc Birds. Hud.crt INDEX' ', II?. tmtry of it Deer's a. Fipj, :rcomc- ribed B. fan Iro- ,35. his \r. tie U f. 150. 'ff 0/' ths Kjtig of •' Jt Hiulfon (C/tft. Henry) jI.iio. Hufllons H.v: Sec Bay Hiiefca, .4 Spanilli Town^ B. 17?. Huguenot, the /luthor taken for one, B,l6()the IndifcrC' tion of the Bcarncfe in the takjn?^ of hiu- uf\ B. 270. Humours and Cujioms of the Savages, B. 7. Hunting and Shooting amongfi thcSava^r.t, B. 55. Hurons, //.i 5,/t Bravct/lfiivr^ and Darin?: People^ B. 4. Hutis made upon the Pl^ater for l{illinr of iVatcr-Foxvl^ yi. 61, Iberville ( Mr. D. ) his Ex^ ploits near New- York, A. ■ IV)' ,B.6. I Jews , a Synagogue of true the f(jnjf M Jews in Amfterdam, B.2 16. Order Jo IHincfc, very fmft inrunning^ n. 4. Imagin.irion frightens Men of adjacent B. 222, trite Courage^ B, 2(^7. Infcifts, a Liji of tbofe in Ca- SavaQ^es nnda, A. 238. . Haran- Interefl: of the French and ■ the DC" Knglilh^M North- America, A. 299. 59.64. Joliec ( Sicnr ) a Canadan, A. ,iJ.i38. 207. //. 143, Jongleurs, a fort of Quaek^s amongjl the Savages^ B. 47. f^^cs, B. tl\'lr Prat} ice \ ibid. Jovena/o, a Uukf^ Viceroy of 4- Arragon, B. 276. c Sava-' Journey , a D.\ys Journey amonyjl the Snvnges^ B. 87. B.6. Iroqucte, their five Cantons, A. 23. Allies of the Englilh, lutLcrt ibid, they wag' J Tf-ar ivitfj the French almofi always^ from their firjl Settlement in Canada, 24. they are at" ways upon Extreams, 43. their Incur/ion into the I- JIandofMotircal, 147, 148, an Inflmce of flrange In- trepidity in an Iroqucfe, under nw/i horrible Tor' went, 178. Irtc of Fowls, A. 5. of Cou- dres, 5. 173. Red }Jt,tnd^ Ibid. IJle of Anlicofti, 5. 207. of Nowfound-Land, •;. 225. of Orleans, 11. of Detour, 93. 0/" Manitoua- Jin, 93. 215. of I{cncontre, 128. of Hares, iTi. jeven IJles, ibid. Jfle e/Martinico, A. 1 94. C Jfle Percoc, 207, 320. Belle Ifle^ 210. JJlcs of Mingan, ibid. L'Wekw-x. Chevres, W.224. of St. Peter, 226. K. Kakalin, A. 109; Kenebeki , the Fort taken from the £nglifh by Mr. de Portneuf, A. 1 56. it is one of the Frontiers of New- England, A.120. Kente, a Village^ A.qi, King of Portugal'/ CharaUer, B. 19 r. Kitchi Manitou, ' the Great Spirit or God, fo caU'd by the Savages, B. 29. Kitchi-Okima , the French Cover vour General, fo caWd by the Ouraouas and Hu- rons, A. 64. Lake INDEX. L. lake of St. Peter, j1. 19. of .. Ontario cr Frontenac, 23. -■ 207, ^I6,2I9.o/5^F^an- .' cis, 30. of St. Louis, ibid, of Champlain, 47, Ld^*? of , . S^. Sacrament , ibid, of ' Erie, Ettihyand Herri^,78. Leaders of tho Savage l4ations B.75. League of Portugal. See Mea- fures, Lenriipifaki, a place nhere the Courcurs de fioii meet with feme Savages for trade ^ >f. 214. Licences /or Trade, what ^ A. 53. 82,94,181, 20^, 207. of Lille, the Inn-kfepers betvpeen • 5^. Clare, 83. 0/ Huron, that place and V avis, impofe ibid. (^ 143. 207, 215. upon Traveller/, B-l^-i. • Jllinefe Lak^s 87. 1 39. Limit (Lz. Hontan'/) A. 1 28. o Credt Salt Lake, 125, 126. Lisbon de/crih'd , B. 192.^ «/ AiHnapouals , 207. of feq. Lenemipigon, ibid. Vp^er Lorctc, aVillage, A. 1^,1 6,17. Lal^e, 207, 213, 214. of Loudun, the Story of the Cu" Ccnti, 217. of Ncpicerini, rate of that place, B. 263. 21 5. Lake rOurs qui dort, Lubec defcribed B. 224, 215. B. $9. of Saguinan, ibid. Labontan, {Baron de) the jIu- M, thor , /'// Barmy fold, A. 151. his paffafre from Ca- Maple-trees. See Trees. nada to France, 165, 166. Adaps of the Savages defcrib\l, his J{eception into the Order B. 1 3. of 5f. Lazarus, 168. goes Maringouins or Midfiesver; toVcv{a.\\\tstofollicit for a troublefom in Candgiiiy A. place,but invain^XT o.hisPaf' 31. V fige from Rochel to Cana- Marriage of the Savages, See dn^ij I, IT iiTi'he is made Amours. A Comical A^dven- Lord Lieutenant of the Ijle ttire of a yotmg Captain icounter *twixe 300 of them, and 400 Iro- quefc, 129. Names amongft the Savages deriv'dfrom the Mother, B 43. Nations, a Lifi of the Savage Nations o^ Canada, A 230. Nazere {St.) A 187. Needle of the Compafs, how it turns upon the Coafi tf Ncw-found-Jand, A 3. Nelfon (Captain) Am, New-Holland, iOid. New- York, ihid. Niagara, a Fort Ittilt thcrCf A yd. The f^^dtcr-fill of Niagara dcfcr^l'd, 82. The Fort rclinejuif \i by Mr. dc Denonviile, >.',<). Nightingales, fie Birds. Nuns of Odiveta, B 202, Odenzee, a Town in Fionia belonging to the Kfng of Denmark, B245. The Peo- pic of the Place rnurder'd one of their lyjngs, B ibi^» Onontio, INDEX. ■ Onqncio, tt Title ^Iven h;^ the Iroqiiefc to the Covernoitr General of Cnn^da, A 31^. Opedc (Mr. de) /Unb.ijJ'Ailor 4t the Court of Lisbon, B 194. Orcouacbb , a notitble Iro- qiiefe S/^vir, -4 i 54. Orignal or Elk defcrib'd, A 57. Ortc7, a Town in Bcarn, B I67. '" ■'• Otters hoxo takfn with Traps, A 64. Oiiabach, a l{iver, A 135. P. Pagan (Count) B i S7. Parrors o/Canada, fee Birds. PnlTo des Canfeaux, Am. Pan, the Capital Cii) of Beam, B265. Peace, hovD concluded dmongft the Savn^cs, B 82. Peronne. The Cuftom-hoiife Officers f?xrch there very vitrrovply^ B Per rot {M>-.) Alii. '. " v Petit Nord, y^ 210. Pnips {Sir William) Genera! of the forces of New-Eng- land, A 161. St. Pierre de Repaniigni (iV/>-. de) A 136. Placentia attacl^d by the Eng- lifh. A 183, 194. The Fort and Port deftrib^d, 227. Placette, a French Huguenot in Denmark, B 23c. Planraiion of the San, A 1 1 1. Planre (Sieurde 'a) A 176, Platonick Lcve cenjurd, B Pointe Vcrce, A 1 68, Pompernickic, acoarfafort of Bread, B 134. PoncharrraJn [Monfieur de) SucceJJor to Mon/ienr de Scignclay.A 167. That Mi- n!/iers Aftendance ^ B 168. His hijujiice to the Author^ Ba53. Porcupine. Uovp one of them was ki^l'd, A 63. Port of Placentia, fee Placen- • tia. ' ' ' Port-ncuf, A 173. Port- Royal, 222, 224. Port of Lisbon, fev Lisbon. Of Amfterdam, fee Amfter- dam. Porto h. Porto, and the l{oad thither from Wana,defcrib'd, B 188, 1^9,190. Porrochoua, A 210. • ' Portugal. The Nobility 4nd Gentry there defcrib'd, B 194. Cuflotn of the PVomcn in former times. 2 o i . C/m- ra^er of the Portugucfe, 203, 207. The Habit of the I^ing and Grandees, ir,-,. The Country briefly defcrib d 207. The Pay of their Offi- cers, io8. Their Troop t ill dlfcipUyid, 209. Polados, inns upon the B^pad in Porrilgal, vpith their Ac comrnndations, B 192, 193, Prado [Count de) B 207. Prelates preferr d without re* gird to Merit, B 272. Priefts impofe upon the Peo- ple, B 271. Property, no didinCiion of it amotv/jl the Savages, and thsir Maxim for it, B 8. • a- INDEX. , //. 178. 251. her I{ules obfervd by the Songs of the Savages at Sacri' PVomen 0/ Arragon , p. fice, B. 33. Songs of iVar, Ttieonontat^ the ancient Seat B. 76. of the Hurons, A. 94. 216. Sophia Princrfs of Denmark, Time how divided by fome of an incomparable Lady, B. the Savage Kations, B. 14. 229. Tonti ( Air. de j A. 135. Sorel a Canton defcrih'd, A. Touche fAir. dela j A. 168. 19. Tradition, the Auth. thought f SoufDcurs, See Fijh. of it, B. 2. Souls, vphy thought immortal Trompet Cajile at Bour'- by the Savages^ B. 20. hortt deaux, B. 256. derivd in their Opinion, B. Tree*?/ Peace what, A. 42. 43. Trees, a lift of thsfe in Ca- Souza (Don John of) B. 187. nada, A. 247. Spaniards, the Ceremony they Trigenties , a People of the ufc in vifits, B.lS-i. their 0- colour of Corn, B. 204. pinioii of the French.B. 28 5 . Trois Rivieres, a fmall CitYt Spirit, apply d by the Savages ^. p. 17. fo evep^ thing that fur paffes Trool, a Noble DaniHi Fami- \\andfur' 9- rsammgfi .30. W4ges are tm if, B. defcrib% defcriVd, fo clear a wk, to be^ Ignorance r, B. 170. 4 H^ale^ 'e Leagues itares, A. ASS Wife I by the P- lent Seat 94. 216. Jome of , B.14. 35- U' 168. thou?htf INDEX. ly\ that hiors thi Devil in the Savavet^ B. 8x. their Arms, B. 245. Wac, the defcriftion of it, B. Tfonontouans, the French 12 1. mareb againji them^ and are WcWcomes, a name for huge pttintodifordettA,^yj6, Bumpers i» Denmark, B. 232. U. Widowhood, the fiate of it among fl the Savages, B.if). Valieres ( Abbot of St, ) made Wines 0/ Portugal, B. 200. Bi/fctf^fl/Quebec, ^. 103. The qualities of Arragon Valrenes {Mr. de) A. 149. Wine, B. 277. Vaudreuil (Mr. de) faves the Witchcraft firangely talkfd of Author's Life, A. 144. in the French Beam, B. VetaSin (John) firfi difeovO' i^t. Arguments againfl it. rerof Canada, A. 206. Y\Mzdefcrib'd,B. 187. Vifioni fee fVttchoraft, WRts of the Savages how per- formed, B. 13. W. War, bovf declared amottgfi B. 1^^. Books for it, B.262. Woodhens, fee Moorhens. Worship of the Savages^B,l$. . It, -^ Tear of fever al of the Savage nations defcribedt B. 14. Boup- in Ca- • of the 104. ill CitYt FINIS. Fami-