IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIM IIIII2.5 ■ m • m IIIIIJ^ 2.0 JA 111.6 6" ^ ^ ^ M V Photographic Sciences Corporation }" WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY M580 (716) 872-4303 ^V ^^ \\ ^9> V ^ ;i? ^^ t% h»> signifie "A SUIVRE ', le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames a^ required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmi^s 6 des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 THE NEWFOUNDLAND Consolidated Copper Mining Company. CAPITAL, $3,000,000. $2,500,000 FULLY PAID Stock. $500,000 Trfasury Stock. Shakes, $50 each. sharks i'nassiissahle. Minks in Notrk Dame Bay, Newfoundland. New York: FRANCIS HART & CO. I'KINTLRS, 63465 MURRAY .STREET --, * . 1881. . J ^A I » t ■'- '" Tj ^rffi y' l fe^ ». TIN': NEWFOUNDLAND CoxsouDATKi) (j)iM'r:i< Minim; (.^ompaxv. CAPITAL. $3,000,000. $2,500,000 I'tl.LV I'AID St(.)c:k. $500,000 Tkl-ASUkV SlncK. Shares. $50 kacii. siiarp:s unassessable. Minks in NdikK J)amk Hav, Niavfolm.i.am.. NkW \'()KK : KRANCIS HAKT .'v CO. I'RINrKkS, 6j ami 65 IMuriay Sirt-el. 1881. t '1 % oo <■ OFFICERS. Prrsit/rnt, ERASTUS WIMAN, ( >f Messrs. K. O. Dun .t Cn. 79 (Jucen St. Cl.c.i|„,i,|c, I.o„ l„„, U. C. j Mcvsrs. Hun, W .,. * C^^4^^^ ^- »»' ,B>yUl^ Ml :-r-' Ctinliiaion \ *'*' Ml I \;^ BAY O /• ^y O T f^ £. ^ ^1 vl/ £ 7 . >Hmtid V Gulll* OH GR E K ^ BAY *'■■**' ,^ ISLANDS .1 ' "<•• ea s past been „,p,„ra,edn„der the title „f a KintitedContpany »"l- ""ly tlm-e M,d,vi,h,al st„ckh„i,!e,-s. the ternts of tife J.r«an„ai,on I.en,, s„ch as to prevent any one of the stock- '>;.-sd,sp„s,„,olan>-ofhi,stoek^ The discontinuance of 1- h,n„ed conrpanv-, „ hnh was in fact a partnership, became nccessan- iii conscMu.ncc uf the ,1,. ,f|, ,,r tu ..,. , 1 . u. UK UL.itli Ml the senior partner. \Vmu>nt a re-or5,.um.ati..n too many difficulties were pre- sented to the operating of nnmerous dcvelopn.ents which W been um.ated on the properties. At the present time Mere are hve uuiependenc niines in active operation, with 'HM.- houses, stores, .uul necessary machinery. IWision was also re<,unvd for the workin.,. of several other deposits O' copper ore which I^ue been discovered, and which from iMeu- character warrant development. Many of the pr..pc.rt,e.. are ouned hv the Company The rcmanuler are held un.ler leases, the -i^inal lesLes having pmcured then- r.^hts from the ...ernment of Newfound- Any British subject can claim on land not already . 1 . Betts (."o\x' 2 s(|uare miles. ' * -^ LittU' May 3 " " t 1 T Whaler iiaek 1 square mile. " 4- Hall's Bay . 4 square miles 5- Robert^ Arm 11 •• 6. Southwest .Ann 4 " "• Seal Bay I stpiare mile. •' S. Burton's I'oiul 1 •' 9. Otter Island 1 Making a tr)tal of 27 sqnart.' miles, or 17,280 acres. Royalty paid to the original h-ssees of the [iroperties now held b\' the Betts Cove Mining Co. and Robert's .Arm mine : Betts Cove . Little Bay South West Arm Hall's Bay . Robert's Arm 2s. \H'v ton of ore. 4i/. per unit 5«'/. '■ 5\. per ton. Si.\ of the licenses at Robert's Arm are free of royalt)' ; also two at Hail's Ba>-. and the one at Seal Bay. The Bctts Cove mine is situated at Betts Head, three- quarters of a mile from the harbor, with which it is con- nected b)- a tramway of two inclines, fully fitted with brake-houses, cars, wire rope, and all necessary equipments the tramuays being laid with 6o-lb. iron rails. In addition to three-quarters of a mile of wharta-e. Betts Cove has two retail stores for the supply of the employes and their famuies; upward, of iCo houses, affording accommodation for 1.800 persons; three churches, engineers' workshops with iron and brass foundr>-, school-room, and hospital capable of accommodating 20 patients, besides numerous stores for grain, hay, provisions and necessary mining stock. 2. Little Bay.— Is situated about 15 miles south-w<='st of Betts Cove, which it ri\als in the rapiditv of its develop ment, and in the magnitude of its ore deposit. Two years only have elap.sed since its discovery, during which period 45.000 tons of copper ore. of an average value of $20 per ton, have been shipped to England ; while there are at present on the ground 7.500 tons ready for shipment, and in addition 40.000 tons of undressed ore are on the reserve dumps. The outr.op of ore is exposed on the strike for 1.000 feet, on which are sunk eight shafts, from 80 to 150 teet apart, the deepest being 260 feet. The stopes in Nos 5 and 6 are 35 tVet wide of solid ore, requiring hardly any p.ckmg before shipment. Here a complete mining town has been established, consisting of over 200 houses, with school-house and chapel. The mine is connected bv a sub stantial inclined tramway, perfectly equipped and laid with 60-lb. rails, with a pier, alongsi. e which vessels of anv ton- nage may he in perfect security, the harbor bef ig' com pletely landlocked except at one narrow inlet. In close proxinnty to the tramua>- and wharf are situated the smelt •ng works, consisting of three cupola furnaces, each carable of reducing 10 tons of ore to regulus in 24 hours Near the mine are two large ponds, caj.able of supplying an> necessary amount of water for washing and concentrat^ ing operations. 8 In addition to the buildings, plant, and machinery above enumerated, the Company possesses a powerful steamer, with a steam launch, used for intercommunication between the different mines, 'this steamer is of great power, having been built for a steam-tug ; last year she was enlarged and put in thorough order, and is of great use, not only as a means of communication between the difl'erent ports, but as a means of towing sailing-vessels in and out of harbor. Attention is called to the appended letter of Mr. Francis Ellershausen. I'his gentleman is entitleil to the credit of develo[)ing the copper-mining industry of Newfoundland, and of bringing it to its present prosperous condition. With admirable pluck and energy he initiated the adventure as a personal enterprise in the fall of 1.S74, but soon after two partners joined him, and ultimately, in the fall of 1878, The Ik'tts Cove Mining Company, limited, was organized by them. Mr. I^Uershausen has been the active manager throughout the entire time. There are also appended a report on all of the mines at present being wrought by the Company by Joseph W. Revere, M. Iv, a report on the Robert's Arm Mine, by T. Sopwith, member Inst, C. {]., and a report by David Ran- kine, M. E., on the Betts Cove mine. THh: OlT-ICT.vL R1<:P0RT of ALEXR. MURRAY To Sir John II. Glover, (iovernor of Newfoundland, in 1879, shows the following shipments of ores from the lietts Cove and Little Bay Mines : ^ll"^ I Hetts Cove Mine ' '^/ 5 ) 1876, " " •' . J»/7, 1878, 25,000 1878, Little Hay Mine 10,000 Tons. 8,000 i 8,000 44,000 35,000 ^»ial£!M«S»«^i■jJii«^^«^yil*»»:"\'f'^;i'»^ Add to the abmc shipments for i«79. from Hctts Cove and Little "'^y • • ■ . 30,000 1880, to September 24, Betts Cove and Little Hay . . 24,000 1880. additional tonnaj^e on hantl read)- for shipment to January '5. ''"^^I . . 10,020 As follows : Little Hay . 7.500 Betts Cove . 1.250 Robert's Arm 1 ,000 Southwest Arm . [50 Nali's Hay . 120 T(-)tal production 169,020 Net vahie of ore shipments, November, 1878, balance sheet, taken upon formation of the Betts Cove Co. Shows 105,000 tons shipped, at net value . $850,000 (All spent on construction and for openin<,^ mines.) Net value of shipment in 1879, 30,000 tons . 225,000 Estimated value of shipment to October, 1880, 24,000 tons 175.000 Total net value $1,250,000 The ful! market value of the metal from the ti)tal ore product may be fairly stated i't $3,500,000. i. 10 KSTIMATEIJ PRI.:SKM ki:Si:RVES. As PER REPOk! OK JOSKI'II \V. RkVERE, M. E. Little Iky Mine. 30.000 tons per aniuitn, X years aliead ... Iktt-. Cove Mine. «,ooo tons per annum, for 5 \'ears 250,000 tons. 40,000 " Besides, for several years. 650 tons per month from new workinj^^s. As PI.;K RkI'ORT of T SoPWITH, \[KMHKk JxsT. C. E. Robert's Arm Mine, 4,000 tons per annum for 20 to 30 years, say .... ,00.000 tons. (This is 12 per cent, ore.) In adch'tion. prcxhicts nil! be made from Mali's Bay and Southwest Arm Mines, which are both in ore, as per report of Mr. Revere. The value of the plant at the different mines, as estimated b>- Mr. Revere, is . . ' $3,4,680.00 V.iluc of oo.uls and supplies on hand . 206,132.00 Net value of shippini; ..re mi hand . 184.248.00 tine.s or low ^^rade ore at Little Ha\- 148,940.00 Assets, irrespective of value of the workini^ mines and ,eal estate . . . ' $854,000.00 There are to be deducted from this 1,600 tons of ore uorth about $30,000 in .Swansea, to which the 13etts CovJ Compan)' is entitled. 1 1 i.i:tti:k oi- francis i:LiJ<;RsiiAUSKx. To t!ie Directors of the Newfountllaiid CousolUated Copf>er .]fiiitiio Coinpnny : (iKNTi KMKN ; IViiiiit inc to address to \oii a few lines uix.n the character of the jM-oceedin^rs of our minin^r advent- ure in Newfoundland. So far it only can be called the initiation of a mining industr>- in that country. Our minin- sort, except by vessels especially chartered, and tlurinj.^ four months of the \'ear we would have been entirely cut off from all com- munication had we not employed Indians as mail carriers. Now we have succeeded in i,^etting mail steamers to call at our ports, and (io\ernment mail carriers during the winter We also h.uc telegraphic communication between the various mines and St. Johns snice two \ears. The only inhabitantN in this district were a feu fishermen , therefore ue had to import laborers ' desciiption from I'.ngland and America at an enormous expense. Now thousands of \-oung fishernu-n ha\e been trained as miners and other skilled laborers, who are qm'te equal in point of workmanship to our form(>r laborers, and who, at the same time, work for nearl)- ;o per cent. less. Our shipping port-, were entirel\- nnknovxn to the mari- time worhl, and therefore great inducements had to be given to obtain sufficient tonnage for our requirements, and -learn- ers could t)nly be obtained by giving tinie chartirs; now Liverpool lines of steamers are competing for our trade, no longer on time charters, but on freight per ton, which is nearl\- a difference of 50 per cent. less. Our Company did not start with a ready working capital in hand, - applying all the proceeds to a series of ailvancements, by prospecting and developing, \vA only one mine, but a 12 whole milling ilistrict, as you must frc\ conxinccd fioin tlir reports of the experts. Still in tlu face of the above-men- tioned {lifficiilties, whit li now lia\e been overcome, we would have paid over one milhon two liumlred and fifty thousand dollais of (h"viilends cUirin^^ the six years of operation, if the amount spent for tht' manifoKl inijjrov enients had been drawn from a p.iid up working' capital ; but thai \'ou ma\' understand niun' full) tlu' luster) Awd tinaiuial condition of our concern, 1 ma\ state, in 1S74 I -^t.irted on ni) own account the Hi-tts ( Ove Mine, but soon after entered into partnership with some otlier j^eiitK-nun in Nov., 1S7S, we formed a compaii)-. limited, but with the understandini,^ that no shares should be sold to outsidi rs beyond the number of sharehoklers recpiireil to constitute a limited Comp.ui)-. /"200,000 sterling; of stock were (li\ ided anK)nj4st us as full)' |)aid-up shares, which shares nprestuti'd at that time' the actual outla\ , beiit'' n)(>ne\- earned b\- the mines Uss the sum of X30,ooo storliui; advanced by one of the partners; since then tile policy of still enlar^iuL; the con- cern b\- making impro\'ements and developinjj; new mines has been continued, ami therefore no dividends lia\ e been de- clared. Considerinjj;^ that the works are now in a j^ood con- dition, and a che.ij) labor market bein^ established, it may easily be seen th.it in future lar^e net e.irnin^s can be divided, .md i);n'ticularly so, as the Robert's Arm Mine, which was m\' person.il \enture, described in the reports, h.is been added to the other properties. The statements will, I think, <.iive you all the information you desire. I mii^ht have stated the number of tons of copi)er ore mined and amount of wagi;s to employes, but the various re|)orts in )-our hands ^■i\e you that information, as well as to the probable outj)ut and expected net profits of the future operations. I may call )'our attention the fact that your companv- not onl)' takes the property without one tlollar of incumbrance upon it, but on tlie contrary, with stores, supplies for the minuig population, and a larj^e amount of co])per f)re on hand, of a net value of over $500,000 in all. I have no hesitation, therefore, in stating that in my jiulK^mcnt the net profits of the niiiic-s sho..I.l be at least $300,000 per annum, based on the price of copper at lis 6fi per nnit. whicli is nu.eh helou the average price that copper has sold at for 10 years |)ast. Before c.nch.din- I he- to call >-our attention to what I consuler. frcMn n.>- experience, should be the character of your future .)perations. As the mines l,,:,,,; urout^ht are numer.uis. .md capable of pro'ou to Mr. Kevere's report, in which he sho^\ s the advantages of smelting. I also beg to direct s'our attention to a suggestion which I think is \vorthv of your consideration. You find from description in the reports of the Jiall's Bay district, that there are quite a number of local- ities, which, in all probabilities, will becomi' large producers of ore. During the last three \cars we have been prospecting and sinking shafts in that dist.ict. with an average force of fifty men. but beynd half a do/en houses, a supplying .store, and a wharf, no further equipments Ii,i\c- Ik en made. 'I'o complete the plant for that district wouhl c^ntail an (utlav of from $^00,000 to $400,000. It appears to me to be a pit>'that these v.-ilaable properties shouki remain unworked, but also equally unwi.se if the net earnings of the other mines shouki again be spent for fiirlher enlargements of the concern; therefore. I advise that either ;i part of the Treasury Shares of the company should be sold and the proceeds applied for the completion of the plant of the 1 bill's Ha\' Mines, or that this T 14 district should he sold to aiiotluT i omp. my and the proceeds, whether in cash or sh.ires, di\id(.(l .imoii^^'st tht sliarclioiders of \-our oonipaiiw I ,1111, licar sirs, yours tnil\ , l'l< \\( I'- I'.l I IK^II M'SKN Nkw ^ i.rk, Ian J 5, iSHl 7'o the Pirotors of the Ncxvfoundland Coii.solhtatai Copper Minini^ C otnpiviy. ( il \ I I,i;mf.N : 'I'lu- cipiin^(l of vnui ( (inipany, Wlntr- way 6t Jolmson. Mstpiires, ol St John, Nru toundlan' is fifteen miles east of Betts Cove, and is still worked by one of its orif,;in.il owners, a Mr. Bennett, of St. John. Work was begun at Betts Cove in the autumn of 1874, bv Mr. Francis I'-Uershausen, and since then, under his management, have been oi)ened properties at Little Bay, Southwest Arm. Hall's Bay and Robert's .Arm. The proj)ertii's of \(iur compan\' is vir\' hi^,'h and rock)-, thf cliffs in many places risin.; to the lu-ij^ht of 300 feet above the si-a Icv.'l, Man> dci-p little arms rnn inland fn.in the main has ami form excelU-nt harbors for the lar^H'st vtsscls. 'Vhc snrn.nndinnr lonntry is heavily wooded with spruce and birch. The copper veins and tleposits are found in the rocks beionj^in^' to the lower Silurian maf^nesian s> stem The >4an^ue of the ore bi-ds or deposits bein^^ chlorite slate, and the coiintrs rocks for the most p.irt a hard diorite The copper ore is in the form of ., yellow sulpiniret. aii.i i> dis- tributed in veins and seams through the slate. These seams vary from a fraction of ,in inch to inan\- teet in width. The ore itse'f is especially fre<- from .ill impurities, and with sli{,du hand pi(kin'.r, can be broii^dit up to a merch.int- ablc article, runninj^ from cij,dit tc) sixteen per cent, of metallic copper. The production of Hrst-class ore is at present all shipped to ICiij^dand and there sold to the smelters. I he lower .grades, or ore mi.\ed with }>[angues so as to require much labor or machinerv to separate it. are tor the most part tlirown upon the dumps. Mm at one of the mines the lower grade ores are part of them smelted to produce a low regiilus. MINIXG T.WVS OI- XKWFOUXIJI.AXD Any British subject can claim, on lands not alread>- granted, a right of search for minerals over an area of three square miles on payment of ^5. Within two years of obtaining it he must select from these one square mile in any rectangular form, provided it be not less than half a mile wide, which, on the paym.;nt of ^"10 and government expenses, is given as a grant. The other two square miles lapse to the government, who. at one time or another, will sell them by auction. If on a gr.uit the grantee should expend a sum of not less than ^^4.000 within eleven years, it becomes his absolute propert)- in perpetuit)- in fee simple. 1 i6 Aliens, as individuals, cannot hold property in Newfound- land, but only as a body corporated, with the one condi- tion that two directors or trustees of said body must be subjects of tiie crown. Your company is now workin^^ five dififcrent properties, namely : the Betts Cove Mine, Southwest Arm Mine, Litde Bay lYHne, Hall's Hay Mine, and Robert's Ann Mine. They are all worked on leases, the orii^nnal lessees havint; procured grants or rights of search from the government. The leases and grants controlled h\' your company are as follows : Betts Cove, 2 grants ; Burton's Pond, i grant ; South- west Arm, 2 grants and 2 leases ; TJttle Bay, 4 leases ; Hall's Bay, 4 leases ; Robert's ;\rm, 11 leases; Seal Baj-, i lease. The mines which I examined were Betts Cove, Little Bay, Whale's Back, which is a portion of the Little Bay propcty. Southwest Arm, Hall's Bay, and Robert's Arm. BETTS C0V1-: MINE. This mine is located on very high ground, three-quarters of a mile west from an arm of the sea called Betts Cove. Mining operations were begun here in the autumn of 1874, and have been pushed with more or less energy since that time, the result being that, since the spring of 1875, 110,000 tons of co})per ore have been shipped to Lnglaml. The ore is found distributed in large veins through an immense bed of chlorite slate. This slate has a well-defined strike east and west, with a pcrpeuilicular north wall of diorite. Another wall has not '""een found under-ground, akhough the slate bed has been i)rospected 1 50 feet in width. Dis- tributed through this slate bed are detached masses of diorite, and surrounding these the ore seams increase in size and richness. The slate bed has been worked U) the depth of 400 feet; in width, 65 feet, and in length, 625 feet, with shipping ore in sight in carh direction. The mine at the I 17 present is worked through a perpendicular shaft I65 feet deep. The lower portion of the mine being approached from that level by an incline and several winzes. Thus far all the mineral has been removed b\- underhand stoping, leaving occasional floors and pillars. At the time of inspection, the bottom of the mine could not be seen on account of the accumulation of water, brought about by the removal of the pumping and hoisting machinery to the present shaft. The daily flow of water in the mine is not large, as four hours' pumping out of the twenty-four will keep it clear. Tn the breasts of the upper workings good seams of ore are in sight, especially in a drift 400 feet east from the main shaft. An estimate of the amount of No. I ore in sight, in fl(M>rs and pillars, gave over 40,000 tons. All th.is can be made available without injury to the develop- ment of the mine, or to the maintenance of the present product, which is over 650 tcuis of shipping ore jier month. The working shaft is well timbered and fitted with cage hoist. The hoisting engine, pump, air compressor for three drills, are in perfect condition and in a suitable building The other surface m;ichiner)- consists of a large rotary washer and screen and two power jigs for concentrating the fine ore. Steam is sufjplied by one tubular ard two flue boilers. Near the mine is the machine shop, foundry, and forge of the Betts Cove Mining Co. Here all the iron work and repairs for the different mines are made, and the capacity of this branch is trul\- \\onderful. I^\erything in the shape of iron work- is done, from the forging of the smallest bolt to the building of a large double acting air compressor, the latter ha\ ing been built here last winter for the Little Baj' Mine. The mine is connected with the wharves at Betts Cove, three-quarters of a mile distant, by .1 double tracked tram- way and two inclines, one of i.ooo feet and the other of 600 feet in length. These both are fitted with brake houses, wire roi)e, etc. The tramwa\- and inclines are built on trestle work, abo\e snow le\'el, ami are laid w itli 6o-lb. iron rails. The cars are of the h^nglish mining pattern, and have a capacity of two and a quarter tons each of ore. At 1 8 the' present ti.ne. t.o men and boys arc ompIo^■ed in and about this mine, Retts Cove is a deep arm of the sea, three-quarters of a m,)e ,n Ien<.th. The upper .nd of it is protected by a breakwater, and is hn..! u.th wharves and storehouses ihere .s roon, f..,- tuo ocean steamers and several saihn^ vessels to load at the .ame time, ( )n the eastern side of the hr.rbor a stream .,f uater pours doun through a sH^dn break ,n the ch^ This is the outlet of a l^^e pc^d which has an elevation of ,00 feet above the sea ^t a comparatively sn.all cost, th,s culd be made to furnish 300 nj for an- con,pres.or>, etc. Xorth-east, upon the hicrh land abc.ve the cove, are stron^,^ indications r,f a bed of copper-bearing slate, and a tunnel is now being run (on contract) fn,„, the head of the cove to prospe.; it The managers house, co.npany store, ofif^ce, church, hospital laboratory, nme storehouses, and telegraph are located at the harbor, and between here and the mine are r6o dwelling houses for work people. These are all ,n good condition SOUTMWKST .Ainr. This property ,s located three-quarters of a mile south of ^. U. Arrn. which ,s a deep bay ,8 miles west of Be.ts t^ove. rhe land nses abruptly on both sides of this bay to the height of 300 feet, and is well wooded. The formation ■s more regular than at Betts Cove, and does not seem to have been so much disturbed. Work was begun here in U.e uuuu,n .1 ^,yH. The contour of the surface would in- dicate that the bed of mmerali.ed slate extended two-thirds ;^a mile east and west, and was seventy- yards in width ■ Ihere are several other locations on the property where prospecting has developed beds of mineral, but as yet no great amount of work has been done upon them. Surface p.-ospect,ng IS difficult, owing to the deposit of decomposed vegetable mutter tliat overlays the rock formation. Two saaftsa,vbeu.g sunk next to the soutlurn wall of t^^^ b-1. lh,s wall. oldH.nte, and dips slightly to the south 19 i The main ^li.ift is down 145 feet, with several short ilrifts riiniiin<^r from it. Two seams of ore are penetrated h\ this work, eacli two teet in width and live feet .ipart. soo tect east of this shaft thi- other is beiiiL; sunk. It is now ilown 90 t(. 't, and [)rodiieinL; ore in ]),i\in^ (|nantities The siiafts are bodi worked l;v hoise whims. lUv woik done here had, up to tlie time of niv inspection, produced 1,100 tons of shipi)in!,^(>re, 900 tons of which had been sent to Swan ea. The mine is connected witli tiie hit;h -diore of S. W, Arm. !))• a L^ootl wiiL^on road, antl from this point a fine double- trackeil incHne, ,hore at tlie heail of the wharf are the manaL;er's house, stori.', ai-,d storehouse. .\t the present lime. ^3 men and bo\s are emploxed on this properly. LIT rid'. HAY MlNiv lliis propeit}- is located on 1 hiL;h peninsula between Indian Hight dm\ Little Buy It ^ 15 miles south-west from J5etts Cove ami 12 miles scnith-east of S. \V. Ann. Miniiif,; was begun here in the summer of 1S71S, and has been carried on with i^reat \ igor since that time. The copper ore is found in the same chlorite slate as at Hetts Cove and .S. W. Arm. 'I'he surface indicatii)ns of an innnense mineral deposit were \'ery marketl, a cropping^ of mundic and coppei- pyrites being exposed for 1 ,000 feet on the strike of the slate bed. I he course of the slate bed is east ,uid west, and extends two-thirtls ol a mile west nf the present \\orkin[4s. ( )n the south a ridye of liills composed of the country rock (diorite) rise abruptl} to the heiLjht of 200 feet. L iidcrL^round this diorite forms the southern wall of the slate bed. When the property was first openetl, se\eral thousand tons of ore weie taken out ncvir tlu' surface where the outcrop was uncovered. Then .S shafts were st.irted, from So to 150 feet apart, on tlu: strike of the bed. By means of these a system of underhand stoj)in_L;, lea\'inrT occasion.il floors, has been followed. The stoi)e is 33 feet in width, and at the bottom of shafts Nos. 5 antl 6 is in solid uri , re<|uiring hardly an\- pickint.j before 20 shipment. East and west .Irifts arc bein^ run at th. drnth of 200 feet to open ncu- ground, and they are all pnnh.cing good ore. Masses of diorite occur in places through the slate bed but arc not of great extent, and are ahvavs surrounde.i by bod.es of rich ore. Xorth of the stopes the bed l,as been prospected 160 feet, and seams of ore found the uhole dis- tance. At this point the conformation of the surface u-uld md.cate that a n<,rt!i uall would not be found short of k^o »oct from the line of shafts. The .nonth])- production' of siiippmg ore is :;,ooo tons. By the erection of additional hoisting machinery the producfon can easily be doubled. The hoisting fro.n 'shafts ^^s. 6 and 7 IS done by a double cylinder, bo H P en-nne ^-nd from No. 5 by a 40 H. V. engine. There is but little water m the mine, and this is taken out in the buckets The rock and ore is first broken and p.cked hv hand on a lame floor at the mouth of the shafts. Two-thirds of all the o'^e brought to t],e surface is No. ,. 8 per ct. copper The waste rock goes to the dump. The mixed ore and fines which require more careful separation, are conveved to the' wash liouse. Here are screens and two large rotary wasli- mg cylinders. The rock is passed througii these, ind the No. I ore is picked out. The dumps are all overhauled by contract ror No. r ore. fn fact all picking and sorting of the ore is done by confact at a very low figure. Of course immense dumps of rock and fines, containing considerable ore. have accumulated near the mine and wash house The mine is connected with the wash house, the smelting works and the wharf at Little Ra>-. by a tramway- and incline of 4,600 feet in length, Tliis is well built and laid with 6o-lb rails. Ihe cars are like those used at Iktts Cove, an.l are drawn up the grade by horses. On the line of the tramway are many of the laborers' houses : these all belong to the -mnany and are in good condition. The smelling works • '.'pon an elevation near the wharf, and contain three ir- w:: matting furnaces. These are run on the louer grade -' ■ '\ and can reduce 10 tons each in 24 hours. Hetuecn the smelting works and the mine are two ponds uhich F ' : LITTLE BAY MINE fhnshomn^ locoilion ar.d de/pi% of shafts orulheTniTural deposit. JOS£fH W.RE]i[ltE hm so' 21 uould sn|)i.l\- plenty of water for concentrating works and iniprove.l water jacket furnaces. The wharf is well built. nul has fronta^re enou^rh for the lar^rcst oc .... steamers. It is sui)i)lie(l with ^^ooiX loadin^^ sta^a\s. tracks, 6;-c. Little n.i\- is almost landlocked, and forms a tine lurbor. At the lu-'.'d of the wharf is a duni]) for the shijjpin-r ore. At the time of the inspection there were 3,000 tons of ore upon it, M\i\ a lar^-^e iron steamer was dischar.c[int; coal it the wh.irf. At the heatl of Indian Bij,dit, one-half a mile north of the Little Bay mine, is the principal town. Here is the man- ager's house, the store, local offices, i)ost office. teleL,^raph, church, and miners' houses. There is also a <,H.od wharf where the mail steamers huul. 1 attach a plan of the Shafts on the Little \\,\\- property. The plan shows the 8 shafts sunk on the strike of the de- posit. Those marked 5—6—7 are the ones from which most of the product was beiuLj taken at the time of my inspec- tion. .At No. 2 (Frenchman '.s) the deposit is now clipping mto the hill towards the south. The principal Stones at Nos. 5—6—7 are about 35 feet wide from the south wall of the dei)usit. North of these Stojics the deposit ha^ been prospected about 160 feet and ore found the whole distance. As there is no re.ison to suppose that the deposit does not extend many hundred feet below the iiresent workini^s and the Sulphurcts having increased in densit\' and richness as a greater depth has been attained, 1 calculate that the blocks of ground marked b\- ./^>/Av/ lines will yield at least 200 000 tons of marketable ore. Then as the ground on the exten- sion of the deposit east and west of the line of shafts is equall)- rich and known to extend a long distance, I con- sider it safe to say that the Mine is capable of producing in the future at least 250,000 tons (jf marketable ore. which ma\' fairly be considered as the amount of present reserves. It is impo.ssible to calculate the exact extent of this wonderful deposit of Copper Sulphurets, but it is un- doubtedly to-day one of the largest ever opened, and is likely to last for years to come. p" "X. cfoy '>f'^<^^9*^of Nv cfoyjl^:^?^^^ n^lh i I 22 wii \ij:s wmk. Tilts is a now location, 2^4 miles west, and inland from the Little Ma\' mine-, It was oni\' discovered a few months since, ami thus far the only work done u[)on it has beiii to ditch and prospect the surface. Hut this alone has tlemon- strated that there is an enormous hul of copper hearing slate on the property. It has luiii nncovcnd at intiMvals of 200 yards iu leuj^t'i and too \anU in width, and wliere- ever the slate has been exposed, it (imt.iins siams of copper sulphurets. In an\- other Iocalit\- this woidd he looked upon as the prospect for a lart^e mine, ,nid in many respects the surface showing.; is superior to th.it at Hi.-tts C'ovi- and lattle \)[{y The tounlry is (|uit< hil!\-, and co\iTed with timber suit.djle for buildinj^ and uiiiiin;^ purposes. Tlu.re is a l;oo(I ^lade for tramwa>' or road to tlu' shorr of Little l^av, I [^ miKs distancr, where the shipping; point vould have to lie. II.XLL'S I'.AN This is a district b\- itst'lf, ^ miles west and inland from the head of Little Hay. Copper ore was first discovered in IiSjS, but little work has been doui' upon it until within the present v'car. Tiu' couutr_\- is luavily womlrd, .\nA the soil (juite deep, so that prospe'CtiiiL; is carried 011 with threat difificulty. Hut where work ha.-^ been done, xciy llattt'rin^' results ha\e been obtaiiie(l Thr t'ormation is the ^ame as at Little Ha\- and \Vlel^■'^ b.'ck. Heds of chlorite slate, with seams of cojiper .udnhwrets, and the country rock of hard diorite. I'"i\'e diftc'etvi: localities .\vr worthy of special mention, but mineral has been found in m.in\ other places. and only lacks devclopm<'nt. L.\I)N 1V)\'I). — Hire onl\- a few prospect holes have been opened, but they all show mineral. At one point near the pond, copjier sulphurets crop above the surface for many yards. Ihis is now bein^ thorouijhly opened. Near this is also a 6-ineh vein of peacock coppiT, but as the for- mation is much disturbed, its \alue is questionable i i I 23 COFI'I.K Ull.l.. — A nunilu'r of prospect holes and ditches liavc been sunk at tliis point, a\m\ they all show mineral in slate. The southern boundary of this bed i>. well marked b\ a hi;4h tid^fe of the coiintrv rock. No. I, New Mink. — This is a well-defined bed of slate, carryin{,' strong seams of copper sulphurets. Its width is 30(5 feet, and it has been prosjK-cted lor i 'j miles east and west. On the north side of this bed a shaft is bein;; sunk ; it is now down 90 feet, and iias been in ore from tlu' surface. At the depth of 60 teet a crosscut is beiii-^ driven in ore, and is now in 30 feet. In sinking; .uul driving there have been t.ikcii out 100 tons of first-class ore. The sulphurets from this bed an- especially rich, .md easily pick to 15 per cent, copper. ^X\V I'll. — At this point a shaft is down 30 feet in a slate formation, at the foot of a high hill, and 01 c enough is taken out in sinking to |)ay all expenses. Old Mines. — Considerable work was ilone here, princi- pally drifting, when the district was first discovered, in 1878, and some ore produced, but during ihe p.ist year no work has been done. We're there not so many more attract- ive prospects in the district, this would be looked ui)on as worth opening. (3n the shore of Halls Bay a wharf is almost completed. Here, also, is the manager's house, store, and about 100 tons of ore waiting shipment. The Hall's Bay district is destined to have a brilliant future, and produce some large mines. Tlie present work should be carried on until another year, and then a tramwa>- built to tide-water on Hall's Bay. There is an abundance of timber and water on the property. ROBERT'S ARM MINE. This mine is 15 miles south of the Little Bay mine, and about 1.V4 miles from Robert's Arm or Inlet. The surface of the countr)- is covered with timber suitable for mining or m 24 building purposes, and for fuel. The mine is situated on the north shore of a large fresh-uatcr pond. fi-oni uhieh it can command ample water pouer. about i .^o feet above the sea level. There is found here much the same formation of the country rock as at 1 Jail's Bay, Little Hay. etc., but the copper sulphurets are found in a true fissure vein of great strength. One.quarter of a mile south of tlie main work- ings a shaft has been sunk 64 feet on a 12-inch vein of yel- low sulphuret mixed with copper glance. Three-qtiarters of a mile west a shaft is down 14 feet on a 4-fool vein of quartz, carrying 12 inches of yellow sulphuret mixed uitli galena. Both of these are on different veins from the one first describee!. Up to the time of my inspection, there had I, -en raised in all from this j)roperty 700 tons of 12 per cent, ore and 1,000 tons of lower grade. Further exploration should be made east and west of the present woi kings, the indications being extremel)' favorable. And here is also every reason to suppose that there are other \eins parallel to the one worked at present. This is indeed a most valuable property, and the question of its permanency is bej-ond doubt. At the head of the pond bef(u-e mentioned, there has been built a mill f(v concentrating the lower grade ores. This mill ccuitains 15 head 'ear sell about $200,000 worth of goods, at a profit of 25 per cent., which is equi\alent to a discount of that amount upon the wages paid. LABOR, This can be obtained in any required quantity, ;uh1 the [)h)-sical standard of the workmen surf)asses that of the average Cornish miner. The wages now paid a\erage from 90 cents for ordinary laborers to $1.50 for skilled miners. Wages are not likelv to increase, as the suppl)' of labor on the island far exceeds the demand. A single man can live for about $10 per month, and a family tor $18. LUMBER, FUEL, ^c. Mining timber is abundant. Large stulls, 16 ft. by 18 in. . . . $i each. Lagging poles, 16 ft. hjng . -5 e*ents each. 26 Sawed lumber Firewood Charcoal Coals Coke $14 per M. $1 per cord, 6 cents per bushel. $2 per ton. $4 per ton. Coals and coke are brought as ballast by steamers com- ing for ore cargoes. The ores melted at Little Ba_v are low grade, picked from the richer ores and the dumps. The dumps are very extensive, the most of the rock in them being chlorite slate, charged with sulphurets, and will assay about 4 per cent, cop- per. The\- are put into the furnaces without being roasted, to liberate a portion of the sulphur, and but little attention is paid to a proper mixture of ores and fluxes. The fur- naces are poorly constructed, and of small capacity. Still a profit is made on smelting. As Little Bay is the largest producer of these low grade ores, and also a central point in the district, it would be the best place to erect extensive smelting works. Blast furnaces of the most improved American pattern should be built, the ores roasted in heaps, and then smelted with the more silicious ores from Robert's Arm. A careful estimate of the cost of smelting works to treat 2,000 tons per month shows that they could be built for $12,000. Estimated cost of reduction to a 20 per cent, regulus, of 2,000 tons 5 per cent, ore : Picking from dumps and roasting, $2 per ton . $4,000 Smelting, $2.75 per ton . 5,500 I'reight and sale of 450 tons • 3,217 regulus Royalty $12,717 720 Value of 450 tt)ns of 20 per cent, regulus in luigland Leaving a profit of -$13,437 24.750 $11, 3>3 27 Assays of ore samples taken in the dilTerent mines: Little Bav, taken at random in the ) S ijro per ct. copper. -6 10 ■^Md ore bed Betts Cove Mall's Bay, from N(,). i, new mine . South West Arm, from both veins . . iS^o Robert's Arm, picketl ore from main vein, 2i show that tiie ores can be picked to a much hi<4her s;rade than they are at [)resent. Cost of production of shipping ores, per ton : Little Bay, 8 per ct. copper, landed on wharf . . $7.83 Betts C'ove, 10 per ct. " " . . 9.42 Robert's Arm, 12 per ct. " " . . 10.00 SHIFMKNI' OF (.)RKS. Ore can be shipped b\' steamer or sailing- vessel during eight months of the year, the other four months the harbors are closed by the drift ice from the north. Shipments are made either to Swansea or Li\'erpool, where they are crushed and sampled. At present, none of the ores are sampled at the mines, but are shipped as they come from the ore floors The rate of freight from the mines to i'lngland, is for steamers 19.V., and sailing vessels 1 5.s-. per ton. COST OF MARKFTINC. ORLS. Freight by steamer Sampling, crushing, &c. . Change into tons of 2 1 cut. Insurance .... Commission ^ i)er cent, on \ alue Flarbor dues .... Per ton. 9.V. $4. 56 I.V. Gd. .36 -s. 1.68 \s. 6d. •36 U . 10 4^^ d. .09 $715 28 The Newfoundland copper ores will always find a ready market at the English smelting works, as they contain elements that act as fluxes on ores imported from many other localities. They cannot at present be brought to the United States, because of the tariff imposed upon foreign ores ; but should this be removed, a large market would be opened here. Highest and lowest prices of copper ores and regulus in tlie Swansea market, during the past three years : i4s. 1879. — I ox. 6c/. i<^78- 1877. '3-i"- 1 r.^-. 14s. ()d. \2s. per unit. Swansea prices of ores and regulus on the first day of each year during the past ten years : 1 87 1 • • • \2s. per unit. 1872 . . 17^. " .. 1873 . . 18.V. " " i«74 • . . i6.i-. 6d. " " i^75 • . . i6s. gd. " " 1876 . . . 17.?. " " 1877 . . . i5i-. ed. " 1878 . . . 13^-. 3,/. .. '. 1879 . . . i\s. 6d. " 1880 . . . 14^-. The value of ores given in the report are calculated at 1 \s. 6d. per unit, which is below the average price of copper for the past ten years. Present monthly production of Ik-tts Cove and Little Bay mines : Betts Cove, 650 tons of 10 per cent, cop- per ore .... Cost of mining . $6,123 Freight and sale . . 4,647 Royalty, 2s. per ton , . 312 $17,875 $1 1,082 $6,793 29 Little "Bay, 3,000 tons of 8 per cent, cop- per ore $66,000 Cost of mining . $23,460 Freight and sale . . 21,450 Royalty, ^d. per unit 1.840 $46,750 Profit for one month $19,250 $26,043 Profit for one year . . . . • $316,516 25 per cent, profit on $180,000 of store goods sold 45.000 Total profit ov\ both mines $361,516 The amount of ore produced from all the mines in 1880 was over 30,000 tons, and there is no reason that vith the present outlook at Little Bay, and the new development at Hall's Bay and Whale's Back, another >ear this pro- duction should not be doubled, if desired. ESTIMATED VALUE OF PLANT, SEPT i, 1880. Betts Cove mine £32,s^3 Southwest Arm mine . . 1,843 Little Ba\- . . . 21,982 Hall's Bay , 128 Robert's Arm 6,400 ^62,936 $314,680 This estimate does not include supplies not in use, stocks in stores, or value of the mines. This plant originally cost over $500,000. 30 ORKS OX HAXD READY TO SHIP. SI-IT. S. West Arm. 200 ions, i f pvr cent, copper, $6,050 Hairs Bay, 200 tons, 12 per cent, c.pper. 6,600 Robert's Arm, 700 tons, i 2 percent, copper. 23. 100 Little Bay, 3,000 ic:ys, 8 per cent, copper. 66.000 I. 1S80. Royalty, frei^rht and sale $101,750 32,487 -$69,263 Estimated value of tines at Little Ba)-, 40.000 tons con- cent.-, ted to 14,000 tons of 8 per cent, copper: Com o» v-oncentration , . $50,000 Ereic^ht, royalty and sale . . 109,060 $308,000 -$i 59.060 Actual value $148,940 SUPPLIES Ox\ HAXD. Stocks in stores at Betts Cove, Little Bav, South- west Arm and Hall's Bav ' *, ,n -n- Supplies, stocks in stores at Robert's Arm . . 7,000 Yours, respectfully, $680,588 Jo.sEPH VV. Revere, M. E. Xew York, jaii. 2i;,t, 1881. 7o the Board oj Directors of the Xeiofnundlaud C C. M. Co. Gentle.MEX : I enclo.se with this an estimate of the value of goods, supplies, and shipping ore on hand at the mines at the present time. My figures are based on official information receixcd within the past {qw days. I remain, \ours respectfull)-, JosEi'ii W. Revere, M. L. i 31 Goods find supplies on hand, Jan. 2 1st, l88i : Hctts Cove . Little Bay S. W. Arm . Robert's Arm Hall's Bav . Marketable Ore ^24,760 ciirroncy 20,000 1,922 3,000 I,8qi ^'5 1,533 = $206,132 Little Bay • • • ■ • • • 7- 5 00 tons. Robert's Arm 1,000 " Betts Cove 1,250 " S. W. Arm 150 " Hall's Bay 120 " 10,020 tons. Value in Swansea at present prices after } ^ deductmg royalty, freight, sale, etc. . ) ^ Value of fines at Little Ba)-, as per report 148,940 $539,320 REPORT OF T. SOPWITH. 6 Great George Street, Westminster, S. W'., 5th January, r88o. Messieurs The Nezufoundland Minerals Company, limited. Gentlemen : ROBERT'S ARM MINE. I beg your acceptance of the toUovving report upon this mine, which was inspected in accordance with your instruc- lions in November last. 32 Position. — The mine is on the west side of Notre Dame Bay, on the east coast of X..nvfotindlancl, about 2 miles from Robert's Arm Bi-ht or Inlet. It is 250 miles north of St. John, the capital of the island. TopocK \riiic.\i. AND Geoi.dcicai. Cn\i)rii,,Ns.— The surface of the adjoininj^r country is densely covered with timber and underwood, suitable for buildin- and mining purposes and for fuel. The mine is situated on the north shore of a lar-e fre.sh-water lake, from which it can command ample water power, about 130 feet above sea-level. The copper vein and deposits are found in the rocks belonginj^r to the lower Silurian magnesian sj-stem ; the general characteristics of which at Robert's Arm are identi- cal with those of Tilt Cove, Betts Cove, Little Ba)-. and other mines successfully worked on the opposite shore of Notre Dame Ba>'. the two last named b>' the \-endor of Robert's Arm mine. These copper bearing rocks extend and are worked still further south of Robert's Arm, and the district is even now. perhaps, one of the most important in its copper production known at the present time, and is capable of still greater development. The Robert's Arm mine is on a true \-ein of great strength, with marked indications of gr< at mineral wt^alth. It dips south at an angle of 34 degrees, is three feet thick at surface, and increases to 15 feet, at a depth of 100 teet. The principal matrix is quartz, intermixed n places with chloritic slate, and the foot-wall carries a Wnv leader of rich, yellow co[)per. The direction of the vein is east and west, and there arc- indications of other veins in the immediate vicinity. Short!_\- previous to the inspection on which this report is based, a disccn-er)- was made of a promising vein about a (|uartu- of a mile to the south of the principal and only one on which any explorations have been made. 33 MINING LAW OF NEWFOUNDLAND. This has been drawn up in a liberal spirit, and is well calcidatcd to develop the mining resources of the country; the cfifect of a liberal policy is seen in the gigantic stritles of the tnining industry within the last lO years. Any British subject can claim on lands not already granted a right of search for minerals over an area of 3 square miles nn payment of ^5. Within 2 years of obtain- ing it he must select from these one square mile in an\' rect- angular form, provided it be not less than half a mile wide, which, on payment of ^,"10 and government expenses, is given as a grant. The other two square miles lapse to Government, who at one time or another will sell them by auction. If on a Grant the concessionaire should expend a sum of not less than ^4.000 within 1 I years, it becomes his ab- solute property in perpetuit\' in fee simple. At Robert's Arm a right of search has been acquired over 33 square miles of ground, two square miles of which are now the absolute pr(,)perty of the company. at DESCRIPTION OF PROPI-RTY. Under the title of the Robert's Arm Mines 33 square miles of countrN' arc granted under riL;ht o( search, and of these 2 stpiare miles, embracing the workings already exe- culrd, are the absolute property of Captain Clery, who has leased them to the Newfoundland Minerals Company at a Royalty of q.v. (five shillings) per ton of ore extracted on a minimum production of 3,000 tons. The charge for Royalty will not apply to future discov- eries matle on properties other than those leased from Cap- tain Clery. The New foundland Minerals Company will also possess rights of search over other properties in Conception Bay, on one of which three veins have already been disco\ered. Miniu" works at Robert's Arm were only commenced £ in \Ta\', 1879, and arc naturally limited in extent. TIk- accompanying' section (Plan No. i) shows the works actiiall\ in pron the liip of the lode, which i^ 15 feet thick, of (juartz mixed with yellow copprr, assayin^^ about 3 per cent, on the j^ross output — but which, by simple dressing.,' operations, can be concentrated to 12 per cent. — and of a vein of copper worth 12 per cent, about 2 feet thick, tlie latter being worth from 7 to 8 tons to the running fathom. In its present stage of development, the mine shows as favorable indications as Betts Cove and Tilt Cove did in their earh' stages, and already 250 tons of 12 per cent, ore and 1,000 tons of 3 per cent, have been raised. Tl e former quantity is now on the pier awaiting shipment. '1 iiere is every reason to expect that when No. 4 shaft (section No. i) intersects the lode, still richer dejjosits of ore will become available U>v extraction. h\irther explorations should be made east and west ni' the present workings, the indications being extremely favorable, and from these a largely increased output may be anticipated. Pl-AXr. — The plant alread}- on the property, and which will be included in the sale of the mine, is : I manager's house. I store. I barn. I mill house. 6 superior houses. 29 workmen's houses. I whim and shaft house. 1 rock breaker (Blake's) and engine. 2 rotary crushers. I patent concentrating apparatus. 15 heads of stamps. I turbine, with shafting and gearing complete. I flume, 400 feet long. I 30-ton lighter, or scow. 35 I tramway, 2 feet i i inches t^aufje and R,u, where it will be dressed up to a tenure of about 12 per cerr. This would enable a great economy to be effected in lU:_ case of low class ores, since it not only permits of a great saving in freight but also dispenses with the charges for crushing {^s. per ton) made by the English smelters. The existing water power is derived from a river within a short distance of the crushing floors, to which it is conveyed by a flume about 400 feet in length, giving about 200 horse power. 36 1 lie u hole of the inachiiicr>' it is propfjscfl to use has not yet roaciicd the mine; tliat which is aitiially erected con- sists of two rotai-)' criisliers— one capable of breriki'^^r loo and the seeoiul 70 tons ..f raw material per day of twenty- four hours, and 15 Heads of improved American Revolving Stamps, each capable of treatin^^ about \\\<> t<>ns of stutV working day .)f twenty-four hours MlNlN(; LAlU)k. — Labor can be obiained in an\ reijuired quantity, and the- jihysical standan! of the workmen sur- passes that f)f the avcraj,^e l-aii^dish ii:iner. j'he wa^us now p.iid averafrc from 3.9. (V/. for ordinar>- laborers to ^s. 6d. per day for skilled miners. The rale of wa^res is on the decrease, as lar^e nimibers ot men come every year from Nova Scotia and Oax^k- Hn>lon in se.irch (.f em])loyment. MaiKRIALS, — These can be obtained at about the same rates as rule in ICnoHsh Mining Districts, and the same remark applies to coal. Cost of Livinc— A single man can live well foi ^ and a famil\- for about £}, los. i)ei month. The average earnings of the miners .ire about £6 per man per month. Stori;.^. — Convenient stores have been erected in the vicinity of the landing wharves for the supply of the mining population. The profits from these stores may be estimated at 25 i)er cent, or are, in other words, etpiivalent to the dis- count of that amount from the wages paid. Assuming a staff of 200 men to be employed, tliis would amount to a sum of about ;!f 2,400 per annum. HARBOR ACCOMODATION, FREIGHT, ETC. i\ substantial pier, about 350 feet long, has been erected terminating in water 17 feet deep. This communicates, by means of a tramway i mile and two-thirds in length and 2 feet 1 I inches gauge, with the mine. The harbor is perfectly land-locked and sheltered from every wind. 37 / 'i F'reights to Swansea arc 20s. 3(1, per ton for stc-aiucrs, 13s. 5(1 for sailing,' vessels, and the rates of insurance nre respeclivelv. one-iuilf ami i i)er cent. Postal eoinmunuM- tion with St. Johii'^ is maintained b\- means ol a mail ste. mcr which visits the prim ipal mining- centres in Notre I 'ante Ha\' twice a miMitli, with the exception of the tirst 4 months in tlie \ rai-, when navij^ation alon^^ the east coast of New- foundland is closed !))• the drift ice. Diirinj.; this period the n.ails are convened h\' messengers overland. 'I'l'lei^rajihic communication with St. Johns and luirope has l)e"en established by the Newfoundland ;4overnment as far north as the principal mines, anil will probably be extended to K<4)ert's Ann (it' aules from the main whv) as soon as tlu' workings assume j-uthcient impcjrtaiice. C(>.>^T Ol" I'koDl'Cllnx — A large proportmn oi' the ovc raised will assa>- over 12 i)er cent, for copper, and will not cost, inchidins; mininL^, breaking, picking, hauling, loadmg, and all charges in Newfoundland, more than £\ 10s. per ton. A further portion, which must be dressed or conce'n- trated to render it marketable, will cost £2 lOs. \>cr ton. The exact proportion of each it i^ difficult now to determine, but, from calculations made on the spot, I arrive at 36s. as the mean price for 12 per cent, ore of the two classes together, and, although with extended operations the cost per ton is likely to decrease rather than increase, 1 consider it prudent to adopt £2 per ton in my subse(iuent estimate as the cost of the ore placed on board in Newfoundland. ESTIMATE PER TON. 4 Cost on board in Newfoundland Royalty . ■ •■ Freight, say Swansea charges Conversion into tons of 21 cwt. Insurance . • • • Commissions, i % per cent, . £ s. d. . 2 5 15 5 3 7 I 6 2 1 '5 9 £l '5 9 i 38 The present v;ilue of 12 per cent, ore is 13s. per unit, or i,7 16.S. per ton, and there is a profit tlierefore of say, £4 per ton. Rate of Production— With onlj- one working, as described, and less than 30 tnen. of whom 18 only are miners, the dail\- production of copper is nearly 4 tons of 12 per c(-, and econ.miy, / amsu/^r j^,oon tons per annum a nnnicratr estimate of the future returns, and that a profit of from £2 los. tw X3 los. jK-r ton will be made. The appearance of the vei., ;Uread>- opened out, and the mineralized character and extent of the neighboring district which will be included in the property of the Company, justify an opinion that this rale of produetiou loill be eon- tinned for jo to jo years. Such a production of So.ooo to 120,000 tons from the property is not high \vhen it is remembered that adjacent nnnes have i)r(..duced over 100,000 tons within the last 5 years, and a neighboring mine, commenced in 1878, 20,000 tons in one year, without any signs of decrease in their probable output. Newfoundland is destmed to become one of the most, if not the most important centre of copper production.' " l"WBBPWWf ! *f£sr. a» s. 1 J 39 There seems tc> be a godd future for the copper trade, and at present prices the working of Robert's Arm will leave large profits ; and woiiM leave some ])rofit even at the lowest prices which cojjper has rccentl\- touched. I have taken throughout I2 per cent, as the standard of ores which will be delivered in JCngland. Some ores will undoubtedly be delivered of a lower tenure, hut these I have excluded from my calculation and estimates ; they will however, naturalh' lea\e some margin for profit, otherwise they would either not be shipped or would be picked and dressed to a higher percentage. M\- assistant, Mr. Seymour, who made the inspection, has a quantitN' of detailed notes and can gi\-e man\- particu- lars which I ha\e not thought necessar>' to insert in this report. I shall be glad to wait upon )-ou and to gi\e an)' further information you may require. 1 remain, Gentlemen, your obedient servant, (Signed) T. SopwrTH, Memb. Inst. C. E. APPENDIX. Analyses made by Messrs, Richardson & Co., of Swansea. (Copy) Assay Office and Laborator\- (Vc Wharves, .Swansea, January 5th, 1 880. Samples of copper ore reccn-ed January 3d: No. I. Sample of prill ore readx- for shiiMUent. Copper, J9-;-8 "(1- Silver — Traces. No. 2. Sample from (|u,nt/.osc portion of vein Copp. /, 5^ %■ Silver — i'races. No. 3. Sample from chloritic portion of vein in foot wall. Copper, 644 "(,. Sib-er — Traces No. 4. Sample from \ein in principal slope. Copper, 4?-j:! "'„', Silver — Traces. No. 5. Sample of partl\' concentrated ore from crushing mill. Cop}K:r, 4'/^ '\,. Silver — Traces. (Signed) J. I lKR.\i.\.\N James. c(,y oJJJ^l^it^fjms LITTLE BAY MINE JOSEPH WMHKC I 40 REPORT ON BRTTS COVE COPPER MINES, NEWFOUNDLAND. By David Rankine, C. & M. E. The following report was made, at the request of the late William Dixon, by Mr. David Rankine. of Messrs. Ronald, Johnstone & Rankine, of Glasgow, who are among the leading mining-engineers in the United Kingdom. M. Glasgow, 27th August, 1878. Having been asked to give a summarized view of what came under my observation during my recent visit to the mines of Bctts Cove, as more fully detailed in my report of the 3d inst., T note the following as the more salient points : The copper-bearing rocks at Betts Cove are a chloritic slate, more or less impregnated with copper. In some cases, the ore is concentrated in pockets ; in others, it is in- termixed throughout the rocks, while in others it is found in veins. Where the veins appear on the surface, they are of narrow width, and show but faint traces of copper. They dip at an angle of about 80", and when sunk into, are soon found several feet in width, expanding at no great depth to as many yards of ore, one- half of the mass of which may be readily hand-dressed to a i 5 per cent, ore, the other con- taining about 4 per cent, copper. The mining operations have been practically confined to Betts Head, which abuts on Betts Cove, and to three veins of ore which have been found lying almost parallel to each (^ther. The mode of working has been by sinking shafts in the veins, cross cutting from one to the other, driving lateral mines at different levels in the veins and " stoping " the (jre between. The veins frequently swell into large pockets, the whole, or as much as can be safely got being minctl out, and an immense chamber thus formed below ground. The workings have not extended much beyond a length of about 150 yards, a breadth of about 50 yards, and depth of about 70 yards. That depth has been won by sinking shafts, and > > 41 from these, s^^allerics have been broken off at three (HfTerent levels, the first about 25 yards from the surface, the second about 50 yards, and the third about 70 yards. The second level is now reached by a vertical shaft, known as the " hji^nne Shaft," 1}\' wliich the ore is almost wholly r.'ised to the surface. The thirtl le\el is won and worked by .ui un(leri;round incline which falls away from near the bottom of the " l".nL,nne Shaft." I'here is still a fourth or lower level. 20 yards under the thii'd, which has been won by winzes sunk from the third level. Little minin<^ has yet been done from or by it, one reason for that bein^^ the want of time, the other reason being that between the third ami fourth levels the rocks ;;radu- ally become more homoLjeneous and read\- with an almost vertical clevea;.,a', the copi)er beinuf it should amount, I believe, to several kuudred thousand tons. As before stated, thi' surface indications of the ore are comparatively minute. Nevertheless, such as the\- are, they seem to me clearl\' to indicate a continuance of the veins now being worked onwaitl to the sea at Chance Cove, a dis- tance of 1,100 yards. At various points in that distance the veins show on the surface, having similar outward characteristics, both as re- gards "strike" and inclination. At the time of my visit the sinking of twe' shafts had been commenced in one of the veins near Chance Cove. One of these shafts had been carried down about five fathoms, the vein being found of increasing thickness and 4 42 richness. Hk' veins wore: also bciii}; further proven by mines driven from the shafts at Hetts I lead in a north-west directit)n, and these showed that the ore lield onward in that direction equal in qiiahty and (|iiantity to tliat wiiich had l)een worked. It therefore seems to me that all the indications lead to the conclusion that the Betts I lead operations have as yet merel>- tapped the deposit which may be reasonably ex- pected to be found there. If I am correct in the opinion thus formed there should practicall)' be no limit to the profitable endurance of these mines, for although considerable mining skill has been dis- plajed in past operations, 1 am satisfied that much can yet be done in reducing the cost of raisin;j, tiie ore, in recover- ing what is now standing in the floors, roofs, and pillars, in working the c'eeper and softer ores, and in reducing the cost of transit from the mines to the place of shipment. Savings in these respects would allow for further reduc- tions in the \alue of copper without diminishing profits, and in the event of co[)per attaining former or even main- taining present rates the outcome from the mines would leave a large percentage of profit. Such a result would, I believe, flow from the adoption of the scheme 1 aclvocate, viz.: The dri\ing of a mine from near the level of the sea at Chance Cove, the mine being driven along the strike of ore of tlie copper veins and in itself being a paying work. The imi)()rtant points to be achieved by such a mine are the draining of the whole deposits to a depth of one hun- dred feet under the present deepest working, and the work- ing out of tlv; whole mass of ore by open quarrying, at a cost per ton probably less by a half than what is now m- curred, while great additional facility for airing the mines, where mining must be resorted to, would be also obtained ; and by the construction of a tramroad along the margin of the sea from Chance Cove, the cost of transit to Hetts Cove would be largely reduced. A better mode of transit would, however, be had by driving another level mine diiect fr(,ni Betts Cove to Betts 4 d 43 Head, altlvnij^li the coustiiiction of lli.it mi^'ht he reason- ably deferred imlil the rocks between had been proved by l)orin}.f. Such a work woidd repay itself in three or four years, and after that would result in a ^rain of several Wm+rr^ thousand pounds per annum These remarks have been principally directed towards the development of present mininjf operations. Hut i)t yond that there are indications of other veins of protitable character extendini^ from Dr. I'.arl's I'oint, and also from Hurton's Pond; the former have been onl)- partially tested by shallow sinkm^s and surface explorations, which, althoiis^rh not yet disclosin^.^ such rich masses of ore as ha\e been opened out at Mett Head, nevertheless ^ive good grounds for believing that the ileposits only recpiire further opening out to pro\e of high value. With regard to Hurton's Pond: It was at one time worked by a company who, after some mining and sinking in two veins which outcroj) near the sea, abandoned llu: work with, 1 believe, the loss of a large amoimt of mone\ . They, nevertheless, took out a considerable (pLUitity of good ore, while I \s as there: the water which had accuuui lated in the shafts is being pumi)enl, and it was removetl to such extent that partial access was obtained, and good sam- ples of ore were got. I am hopeful that, with facilities now to be had through Hetts Head establishment, this will prove a xaluable auxiliary. With reference to the i)l.mt at Hetts Head, perhaps all that is necessary to remark in regard to it is that it is most complete and ample. I'he harbor at Betts C:ove affords good anchorage, and the epiays which liave been constructed can accommodate a considerable amount of shipping. During the fortnight 1 was there the loading of a steamer with 1,400 tons of ore was completed. The steamer I went out with was discharged of 500 tons of coke, and loadetl with 1,900 tons of ore; a sailing vessel, with about 1,400 tons of cargo, being also in process of discharging, there being also 44 ample wharfas^re for the coasting steamers and other shipping that now freciuent the place. I he roads, raih,- vs, houses, stores, workshops, foundry, and other works and plant, are all ona similarly complete scale, while the jigc^nng machine and the smelting works erected! and erecting, will, for the future, permit the poorer ores to be profitably utilized. There is, indeed, an abundance of plant and machinery on the ground, and labor can be also readily commanded. At my firsi visit four years ago, the [)lace v/as nothing but a rocky wilderness, utterly devoid of all accommodation or appliances whatever, and comj)ara- tively scanty evidence to be obtained of the stor- of wealth vvithin. 1 nevertheless ventured to express - (•'^ignt.'d) David R.wkine. 1 Cm! mam