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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmfo en commenr;ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboies suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols y signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reprodult en un seul clichA, 11 est filmA A pertir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 •w W' \M UPON 1 I THE HARBOR fv OF AINT JOAN, NEW BBUNS WICK. I •lMiS J" ^"W»^>j^ I'.* m Bt THOMAS H. KEEJri®, TOaOHTO.' I u SAINT JOHH, if . B. /^ IMl. if.. ?r " '▼'*-'^^ M»4' M' !/•■' i'. -fj*- 1^-'<*z •ii^' ^ 1 f si \ rs ^ V .•9^*^^'^ Xv4 -•N 'I nm w M w i I .^11 M iiiii " 'ii ii p i p y 1. i*> » 1 %-iJL ■ K E T^ O R T : hu To THOMAS McA V/TF, Enquire, Mayor of the Oity of Saint John. SlE— In obedience to your telegraph, I arrived in Saint John on the thirtieth of November, and remained there until the eleventh of December. Upon applying for instructions, I ascertained that the Committee aid not desire to direct my investigations, but gave me to understand that it had been decided to obtain an examinatico into, and report upon, the whole question of the protection and improvement of the harbor, previous to any further outlay being made. It was pointed out to me, as an instance of protection required, that a considerable portion of the ballast deposited between the Breakwater and the Battery, had worked its way back into the harbor to an extent which had shoaled the water in front of the Breakwater nearly twenty feet; and in the matter of improvement it was explained that the chief re- quirement was an increase of deep water wharfage, where the larger class of ships, now frequenting the port, could lie water borne at all times of tide. As there exists an upper and a lower cove, an east and a west side, each having claims of its own, it was evident the Committee, as repre- senting the interests of the whole City and of the Province, intended to place the subject in my hands, if possible, without comment ; and appreciating' their motives, I set about obtaining for myself that insight into the requirements of the Port, which under other circumstances might have been given to me in the form of written instructions. I feel it not only due to the Committee to make this statement, but to myself, for it explains ihe unavoidable delay in making my report, and will also to a certain extent account for any deficiencies, if I have failed to take the proper view of the wants of the community. In order to arrive at the extent of the changes wb' 3h have taken place, I endeavored to procure as many chan * of dif- w mm ferent dates, as well as city surveys, shewing the advance of the low water line at different periods, ana the amount of shoaling which has taken place in tlie vicinity of the wharves. I found however that there has been no hydrographic sur- vey of the harbor made since the Admiralty one of 1844 — the original of which Commander Shortland kindly placed at my disposal ; and although the plans of the City snew a low water line, it is difficult where the range of tides is so great, to refer low water lines to the same datum. Through the attention of Mr. Perley I obtained an old hydrographic survey o f the harbor made in 1761, one hundred years ago, which bears evidence of having been carefully executed. As it appears that until very recently the harbor was ex- posed to damage by the refuse of saw mills and the want of sufficient precaution in the discharge of ballast, it would be of little value, even if it were possible to attempt to establish the ratio of encroachment for any given perioa, because this has been made under circumstances which no longer exist. I will therefore only state the conclusions I have arrived at, from an inspection of the harbor itself, of the few charts and surveys to be obtained, and from general considerations, on the important question c^* its exposure to deterioration from causes beyond the control of the authorities. The width and depth of the river Saint John above the Falls, and the character of its bed and shores for a consider- able distance up, are such as to give a pretty safe guarantee against the descent of alluvion of a character which could form any serious deposit in the harbor. The stretch alluded to is a cess pool into which the coarse detritus from the Bwifler current, shallower water, and more friable shores of the intervale lands above, is sure to be jDrecipitated, leaving only to the transporting power of the freshet that portion which, if it reach the harbor, will with a trifling exception remain suspended until it is carried out to sea. From the narrowness of the harbor it is evideatiio considerable por- tion which had passed the falls could be dropped until it reached the wide water below the battery. Here on the foul ground at the entrance to the harbour some silting up might, in the course of time, be looked for; but a compa- rison of l761 with the present time shews very little change except in the channel between Partridge Island and the west shore— which was in 1761 marked as "The Channel;" and which appears to have had deeper water then than now, although how much of this may be traced to the sawmills it would be diflScult to conjecture : for the reason that there is "wide, dee]), and slack water enough above the falls to arrest the yrwh of &e up country, and that thet^ores of the lower ^'-V, ^^ mfmmm^^ ^ mm ^"■% ^^^ part of the river are rock-bound, it is probable that the saw mills have contributed in an important degree to any shoaling which may have taken place at the raoutn of the harbor. In fact the volume of water discharged by a river of such mag- nitude as the St. John, combined with the great range of tide yon enjoy, give assurance that the danger of any serious encroachments from natural causes — either witliin or at the month of your harbour — is very remote. The effect of a strong south west wind blowing into Courteney Bay, would, in some conditions both of ebb and flood tide, cause a littoral current northward, around the breakwater, with transporting power sufficient to work the ballast deposited in that quarter into the harbor, pushing forward both upstream and toward mid channel a submerged embankment. This would, however, be confined in its action both by the limited Amount of the material acted upon, and by its heavy nature. I do not think, therefore, that any of the deposit at and above Reed's Point wharf, has derived its origin from the ballast ground, but that there are other causes sufficient tQ account for the silting up in this quarter. The wash from the gutters and sewers or the City, as improvement progresses, would, in the lapse of time, produce a decided and perceptible effect on the soundings in the slips, and at the head of the wharves. The rapid descent of the streets from the high ground surround- ing the harbor gives the rains and thaws great scouring and transporting power ; and by excavations for gas, water, or sewerage, by the mud brought in on wheels, and that worked up through paving or macadamizing, as well as from streets unpaved, and even the gradual degradation of the rock itself, a constant and fresh-supply is exposed to this action. The ponding up of the water for tide mills also, by scouring the flats under a considerable head of water, as well as the natural contributions of the creeks flowing into the harbor, are also important aids to the silting up around the wharves. These sources in connection with what has been contributed by sawmills, the escaped filling from wharves and ballast handling, as well as from the opera- tions on the wharves, will account for the silting up above Reed's Point, — the whole extent of which, judging from the number of years of its growth, and measuring it by the cost of .removal by dredging,^Jcannot be considered as very serious. Nor can this deposit be now considered as altogether an unmixed evil. The growth of the commerce of the City, and the larger class of ships to be accommo^ dated would, under any circumstances, have involved an ezteneion or reconstruction of manv of the old wharves^ J ' 'S!b»'» i*-xsmmif'i:. a.^£l,Kllli^W^K«m^s> ' liUptpiw -ite^mkfvrj •:.3i*!i«sp.<«-;. und a eoiwlderftblo aiiioiiiit of iilliiifj would liiive boeu re c^uired. So far as tin's tilling in from causes above men- tioned has been one in the direction of new improvements, it should be taken into account. It is evident, however, that resort njust sooner or later be had to the dredging machine ; for it is not only a great deal cheaper, but in every way better, to bring deep water up to the wharves, than to encroach upon the harbor by extending the wharves as fast as shoaling takes place. In determining the requirements of the harbor, we must refer to the character of the commerce of the port. From a comparison of the returns of 1851 and 1858, it appears that the export ofyquare timber had fallen almost one-half, while that of deal* had increased ; and, 1 am informed, that the timber supply mu6t diminish, while that of spruce deals can be increased to any extent for which harbor accommo- dation could be provided. The requirements of the deal trade are peculiar, as the loading takes place from scows instead of wharves; large piling ground, accessible to scows at some time of tide is tUeJfcfore'required, and this is afforded not only by the slips, but by the shores of the river above the harbor. As the sul^ct of wet docks has been mooted in connection Avith an increase of deep water accommoda- tion, it may be as Mell to mention, that while the great range of tide offers peculiar facilities for the conversion of some of the larger slips and mill ponds into wet docks, yet, since those docks could only communicate with the rest of the river and harbor at high water, they would be unsuited to the peculiar requirements of the only trade of sufficient magnitude to warrant the great expense entailed in their coustructi(Mi. If tlie4,c&mmerce were of that varied cha- racter and magnitude, by which it would bo required to load many ships ex-warehouse, with cranes and other appli- ances, — or, if there were no other mode of obtaining berth room sufficient for the shipping frequenting the port, wet ducks would be essential ; but, for the present, I see nothing to warrant their great cost. The same argument— the ab- sence of any great necessity— applies to dry docks ; the con- struction and working of wliicti are still more expensive. With such a range of tide, that the keel of any ship can be seen at every tide, all ordinary repairs can be performed expeditiously, as well W -economically, in any of the slips (which require only to be gridironed to be converted into graving docks), without interfering with the loading or dis- charging of the vessel. Hie value of the slips for this purpose, as well as for those of loading and sheltering scows, and the accommodA- 1 1 - & 'tj tlon of Binall craft (which must be provided for as well as the large), is, in my^udgineiit, a fatal objoction to the pro- posal of anything like a continuous wliarf or esplanade, which would have the effect of closing up many of them. Such a course would bo attended with difliculties'and much expense, on account of the private interests involved, and could only i)0 carried out by the aid of special legislation ; and 1 think it fortunate, that so extensive and important as well as expensive a scheme, is, like docks of either kind, not essential to the harbor. The esplanade wharf proposition has, I believe, been suggested to give a fair run to the cur- rent, and thus keep the harbor clean by tidal action ; but, as the slips, if evils, are necessary ones (for it would be impossible to afibrd the accommodation in a harbor already limited, without them), it will be found as effectual occa- sionally to resort to the dredging machine; the small an- nual outlay for this purpose wdl be less than the interest of the capital required for works which would prevent this deposit. But, while a continuous wharf on the harbor line is not essential for the protection of the harbor, nor the only means of affording the greatest lerfgth of deep water wharf- age, the other extreme of cuttin<£,up the wharf lots into frontages of 25 and 50 feet, should be avoided, and where it exists, remedied. The heads of the wharves between Reed's Point and Eobert Rankin & Co., should, when ex- tended to the harbor line, have a suflScient breadth to moor the largest ships, and this can be done without encroaching upon the necessary number of slips. The harbor line may require some readjustment. From the aniount of shoaling reported, it may be presumed that it originally ran nearly every where in 20 feet depth at low tide, in which case it would be far enough out, except in those places where it did not leave sufficient room between it and the bank, and where it could be moved outward without destroying the general contour of the harbor, or without extending into an excessive depth of water. Several wharves, such as,Lawton's, Merritt's,,Disbrow's, and the Custom House one, were sunk in deep water, and the ori- ginal depth could now be restored by dredging, if the heads of these wharves would bear the removal of the deposit without giving way. As there is only about 20 feet be- tween some of these and the harbor line, this is hardly sufficient space for the stability of an independant pier head. In order, then, to obtain room for a new and substantial frontage to existing wharves, it may be necessary to ad- vance the harbor hne. If the old wharves were out of the way, in many cases the harbor line might be brought in, MUftitiMiM^r' and the now wharves set back by dredging the 8 te for them as far as the positiou of the rock will perm i or, ^ee he shore is nit too bold, the site for slips couia be fu-«t dredged, and jetties run out, givin- a c^^ep water b^rth on each sfele of the'm, as well as at the Wd. In th« ^^^^^^^ way only, the largest pc^sible amount of >^ater frontage Tan be obtained. l3ut Vs the shore between Reed's Point and Market Slip is bold, it will be found more conveDient m the end if a space sufficient is reclaimed from the harbor o pemi the Extension of Water Street to Reed's Pomt witli wharfage and slip room outside, and thus give proper Tc ess to Siver soutLard of the Caf om House ^There- over therefore, this reclamation 13 needed, the old wbarves, even he mos dilapidated ones, will be valuable, as so much filling at least ; and it will be necessary, in order to Convert hem into deep water wharves, to construct new Ss-in some cases, perhaps extending beyond the har^^^^^^ line. In fact, the existing wharves must, to » great extent govern the character of any new improvement, and where ^becomes necessary to approach so close to them by dredg^ ing as to threaten undermining, precautionary nieasures mf St be resorted to, a^in some cas^^Vt^^se'flrh^^^^^^^^ moval may be necessary. In the case of those flats naving r deep mud deposit, where deep water frontage can be formeS by drecfging the principal obstacle is the old wharves-the nafro^ess of the slips not P?"nitt^°a ^he ronstmction of new deep water faces outside of them. Where such are founded^above low water,, their remov^ in oart or in whole, wiU be easy ; and if in deep water, Ly can be dredged without di&culty. I have no been Ible to obtain borings to show how far dr^^gang ^W b^ resorted to, and whether in any or all of the Aate at tne upper and ower coves, and in Carleton, deep water front- ale could be obtained ; but the, foregoing remarks are of fffneral application, although m speaking of existing Svea M pier h..ads, specfal reference has been made to rportion of the harbor for the purpose of lUustraticm. Ca?led upon to say what should be ^^^^f^^l^^.^^^L^ a wholeland (Uking to the future), « how should the nn- occupied portions be turned to account? I t^^J^^^ prudent, tL after attention to any necessary and general works of protection, improvements should first be made m The direction of the exfsUng centres of ^nsin^ ^Jar « hese are capable of affording the mcreased facd^ti^ So far as these improvements may de^xend on mdividaal en- torpriae, of courae the quarter in which th^ are earned on mS^Tfely be left to competition. A. a considerable por- If -SSwBiSiesg^ 'X ifj t ' '* - ' I y ■ tion of i\w. lijirbnr is puljli'c nroi)f!rty, I willgivo my opinion fts to tliG manner in which this should bo dealt with ; but if some equitable and feasible scheme is arranged, by which the increased facilities can be obtained, under the direction of the harbor authorities, at the private wharves, it would be the interest of all i)arties to adopt it. But, if the difficul- ties are insuperable, the improvea accommodations offered b^ the Corporation, on their own property, will necessarily give rise to individual exertion in self defence. There are cases, however, where the proprietors (as trustees or minors) may not have the power ; and others, where they may not have the means to carry out extensive improvements in the required quarter j and therefore, at Montreal, private interest was extinguished by purchase, and the whole wharfage was vested in Commisaioiiei-s ; while, at Toronto, the general scheme of improvement was carried out by the Corporation, on terms defined by the Legislature. Whatever the system adopted, some control over the manner in which the wharves are constructed should be exercised by tlie harbor autho- rities. It is not sufficient to keep them within the harboi line— they should not bo allowed to approach so near it (unless founded at the full depth required), as to leave in- sufficient space for an independent head, constructed in deep water. Also, where the bottom is shelving, the foun- dation of the head, at least, should always be dredged, otherwise there will be a tendency to slide outward. More- over, to prevent eddies and deposits, much irregularity in the projection of the wharves should not be permitted, and the due proportion and direction of pier heads to secure convenient ingress and egress to and from the slips, should be maintained. In treating the question as a whole, it is impossible to fass over in silence the future Itailway requirements. As understand that no preference has been expressed for any particular mode of connection by the Railway authorities, and the quession is an open one, I will not be guilty of in- terference in alluding to it only in general terms, as one intimately connected with the future of the liarbor. As- suming that a railway will, at some future day, connect the City with the Maine frontier, it must, by means of the Canada and Kew Brunswick line, also connect the harbor with Woodstock, and perhaps, in time, with the upper St. John. The extension of the Shediac line from its present terminus in the City, across the river, to connect with the line coming from the West, will be a work involving so large an outlay for the distance, that it has occurred to mc n VJf It inaj be post|)oned ibr ii coiisideniljle |)ui-i(i.l afler tlio Western line is in operation, because the Province, ns well as the City, would naturally first desire to extend railway facilities as far as practicable, before grapplin<;with the ex- pensive question of terminal accommodation at the i)rinci- pal sea port, aad the right of way throngh a large City. In this event, the Western line would seek connection with the harbor on the Carleton side ; and I am now under the impression (without any information as to the facilities of approach on that side, but assuming them to be feasible), that, looking to the limited frontage of the harbor, and the great comparative extent "equired for railway purposes in connection with the peculiar trade of the port, a water terminus on I Vi sides of the harbor will be found advisable. In the absence of a Eailwav Bridge, the connection across the river must be maintained by ferry ; and from the ab- sence of ice, and the narrowness of the harbor, this could be done under the most favorable circumstances. The small amount of through freight which would be carried parallel to the sea, could be taken over without transhipment at high water only, while passengers could cross at all times ot tide. As far as it is practicable, the railway should con- nect with all the wharves; but if deals or sawed lumber become an article of traffic, a railway wharf of considerable extent will be required for those country shippers who may not own wharf property in the City. It is not every point which 18 accessible or suitable for this purpose, and there- lore, if these views are correct, this question should be con- sidered by the railway and tlie Citv authorities in dne time 1 can of course, only refer to the question, as the selection wdi be governed by the practicabih'ty of approaches. M itii regard to the proposal to eU.p'i' uj) Buttermilk chan- nel. It does not appear that the advuntaii'es gained would compensate for tlie known and fnknown disadvantages attending it. Its value to the navigaMou of the river is admitted, and it appears to me the eiiect of closing it would be to diminish instead of increase the amount of accommo- dation in the harbor. If closed by a deep water wharf across its mouth or outlet, Nelson and Wellington slips and the shores of the channel itself would be cut off from access to the harbo. below Navy Island. If openings are left for these, then the channel is not closed and the object sought (of concentrating the ebb upon the deposit at head of East sido wharves) is not attained, although its navigation would f f "*^^^^y interfered with. If closed at the head or inlet of the channel by a simple dam across to Navy Island, no aeep water wharfage \^. attained, and although 'its effect on i\ \ 1^ ' "'"WWBttlRWWHftSB^fWi^. >« r/ he harbor cannot be fully determined, it is more than pro- bable that the set of the stream at high water would be deflected from the dead water or eddjofthe upper cove towards band Pomt, having no longer the discharge from liutrerrndk channel to counteract it ; at all events, the im- mediate eflect of the concentration would be felt at Hilyard's and Kankm s wharves ; but below Navy Island, the quan- tity _ot water not being increased, or the width of the river diminished, no eftect would be perceived upon the wharves between upper and lower coves. I am informed tbnt even in freshets, Buttermilk channel is dry at low water spring tide across its inlet. This shews that It IS not necessary to the discharge of the river, and that closing It up would not render the ascent of the river by the main channel at Navy Island, under the same con- ditions, any worse than it is now ; but, from the abrupt change ot direction in the river at this point, I am of opinion that a dam across this channel would retard the making of tlie flood tido, that it would not rise so high above, nor as- cend the river so far as it now does. Whether there would be any inconvenience or disadvantage in this to the naviga- tion. It won d be for better informed parties to say, and ex- perienceoiuy would determine the importance of the effect produced, which might only prove slight ; but, as a general principle any obstruction to the flood is not only obiec- tionable fur the reasons stated, but because just in propor- tion to the diminution of the flood, is the scouring power of he ebb reduced. Lastly, whenever it is desired to resort to the reach above the Island for deep water wharfage, this channel can be made passable at high water, if no? si al- ready, and be at certain seasons more easily navigated than tJie mam one. The construction of wharves on the Carleton side, has forced the stream against the southern end of Navy Island and no doubt much sand washed out has gone to increas^ the deposit in the harbor. Without dertroying the naviga- tion of Luttermilk channel, Navy Island canle turned to account for deep water wharfage and convenient ballast ground by running a line of wharves in deep water, nearly paralle with ow water line below the Inland, into, and be- liincl which, ships and scows could discharge ballast nearly at all tunes of tide. The want of communication with the maia nndvould not be any bar to its use for the storing and shipping of deals brought by water, or the establish- ment of mills, while Its insulated position would be valuable, with such extensive inflammable stocks as it would contain ^n projecting improvements in the different sections of the ""^"^f^f^tiflt^^ ctif'ur'-.., r" 12 harbor I would explain that tliey are only general, and may 1)6 modified considerably without injury, m order to conform to any arrangement of the harbor line, or to effect a com- promise whin required. The precise position of sonaeol the works may also be varied upon the acquisition of moie ditinite knowledge on the nature of the foundations and the position of the rock. Moreover, as it is not probable that the different improvements will be at once carried out, circumstances not now discernible may modify considembly any present plans. My aim lias been to show what the different sections are capable of, and to lay down some general principles of improvement without presuming to fay whic^ should have the preeedence, or when any one • should be undertaken. Tlie questions of estimates and detailed plans were not, for obvious reasons, included m my arrangement, nor can they be profitably taken up until some specific work is determined on. THE BREz\KWATER. The shore line between the breakwater and the battery is, 1 understand, wholly on made ground ; and, as is ea^dy accounted for by its limited length, the southern extension S tveScwSer has not had^he ^ect of arresting he irruption into the harbor of the ballast deposited m this quarter. In its present position it is manifest that the greater portion of bal4t, whether dumped from the shore or dropped from scows, will pass tlie breakwater ; and it is in consequence of this, I believe, that further deposit of ballast in this quarter has been prohibited. The sea has probably now fofmed its own slope to the beach, and levelled the ballast around and in front .erf the Iwbor, so that it is not probable that any great addition to the evil will be made so long as no mor'e galUst is deposited there. If the acqui- sition of additional deep water wharfage, ^^ sheltered wharfage itself, could be combined with protection to the harborrand fonnation of valuable ^"/V^rt^J^.^^^ ?> f;,f.°^- siderable expense in this quarter would be justified , but as the situation is not favorable to either of these any work of extension must be viewed simply as tlie formation of a sea- wall to protect the area intended to be filled in. Its use as a ball J ground by scows, should, I think, be discoumged, as, unless there is an inspector to each scow, she wdl be as often discharged outside as inside the extension. For that portion of tTie ballast discharged upon the east side wharves and carted to this point, I presume it is the best or one of the best places for deposit, as well as for surphis exoavotions from streets and foundations m this quarter of ^ it- •i" Hi area with tlie least proportional expense, ant^l;e pro?: i^ t?tL battrv ?. r • 7"? T ^"''"'^ ^'-^"^ *^^ breakwater to the bat ery, it is evident there would be a considerable outlay without corresponding acreage; besides, the po i ,' of such a work would be most exposed to be undennine by the waves. If extended parallel with the "sp t" o tJie wes side about seven hundred feet to the reef vliic points froin the battery toward the beacon and thJ^^ re turned on this reef a short distance toward th^sho e It ink f^ufu^'T'r ^'' " Pf "^^"^"* '''^^^'^^^ will trobta ine ] and le enclosed space, when filled np, wfll repav tlie out"ay Until steps are taken to provide a ballast' cmjnndSj scows at Navy Island or bi^tiind the p^optecT Calto . breakwater, they can be discharged behind or i^To tb . extension of the old breakwater ^ter halt' t de^^^a ^Lat' m this extension being left in tiie deepest water-and c^-e being taken that they are not discharged outTde of or neLr tins opening If the return breastwork in the battel eef IS earned to the shore, this aperture in the extensfon can do no harm, as there will be slack water always inskfe l^ora ballast wharf in this quarter: by deepening tho entrance to the lower cove with a dredgLn? nn ?nl a wharf from the chamfered angle of the b^reakwa e lowfrd Reed's Point wharf, two berths at least could be mad ^ for large craft and complete shelter be afforded to tie cove aiie outside of this wharf could be used in moderate eXr' and at all times when improvements on thespHtor Cv/e fn side are carried out, so as to give it shelter/ S southern fn I's 'tlTt In' P'''?' b'-eakwater is, I understand, fbui^^^^^^^ n bl ^ /P^,^^''itef : by removing the deposit in Ct a berth to this draught can be o-iven at thi^ ,.«,•«; ^ri ' niaterial dredged from this neilhgrhood can b^'d Loled of in and behind the new breastwork "i^'Posea Above Reed's Point I have continued A\^ater Street south ward, and moved out the harbor line at low^r enTtZt wl?«T%r^''' outs de of this street below the custon hfi'e wharf as there now is above it. I have shown ^n ml «I f sions and fillings, which of course r^^^mu^^li proprietors or circumstances. T have proiected Iip f.-l .ff witfi a viewof giving adeep water beffif s ffic en ?^ f^^ to moor .ships of different' sizes, while as fS^ arpos bl. maintaining the principal slips. There may be some iffi culties in the way of the extension of WaterVeet but W are less now than they ever will be; and if a rail trac 's earned along the wharves, this street' will bo indtpir ' le Jg*"'' — I' 14 ,„ „„ „ppo.. cove, ion. wl.urf ^ St H [ena .b»rf, wliich were both oiigmoJly '" ;" J';^ ,"d,,<,j„ed bed, tlins „ew iVontage outside > - F-e. t^ «^^^ '^i ,o t ob.i"^"™''"^ adding to tbe deep Y»t' ' , witliout any enei'oacbment, euci-oiclmte..ton tbe l.arboi • » • « J ; ' ,^ , ,vatei-. The the old heads may b^,.^^,^"^^'^ ', " i^ »,lfflcie,,tly wide £:,:^^wrfiC-e:^fcb.^ afforded here. *i,« ,iaoi^witev iVontacie below Upon the Ua.' eton f »;;" ,f '\f,^,*bSUen S^nd Point ^Jy Island ''}Z Iro-mcv^^tMs'L? water aecom- cove on the Oarleton side, V'^^ , ^",'; f '".''j^ni low^ coves on .nd mill pm>ds - ^t^i^tX^^ ^-^^^ ^^""^'^ the east side, should be ^J^^^"''-}/ • ^^^ desirable, may be show to what extent d[«^j£"fi^^d"o now or not, present '^L a prehminary to an ^^^:^^^^^ .vard, a breakwater is ^"eq" red to s ut out ^ ^^^^^^^^^^ in through the -^^^:;'^,,J!::J:^sZ^u^ sox«e con- by Commander bh< rtlan.l, ^^ ;o s .^ a breastwork dimned craft on the Hats, ^^ ^y"^'\ "'^^^^^^ ,vouldbetln.>wnupby{h^^^^^^^^^ at moderate cost. It tbe gi ounu ^ ^ ^^^^^^ also be tried at a small ^^^l^^^: ^11^1 I have no means be driven close enough to bieak tnc .ea ^ ^jj^n i J"^S'"« ClftSt:'::!-.": ns;n.eS'of the beacon, thatarismgtromthenatmeoii e position; irora and the lengtli of tune it ^^'•^«. l""^^ Jfe ^^ are re- whichit would not awear that to mda^^^^ ^^,^^ quired for tliis ^^'^^^^'.J^^;; ^ck excavations tVom ^approach the -ff;/^^t\T^tnst.nction ot;^the the track cou d be et"Pio}eu ^ i.ptween which and Sand breakwater-the space ^"cW^^^^^^^^^^^ be available ^- e the direction for its export and impor t trathc. In such a lo of the approach may make it advisable to alter tlie direction of the breakwater and protect a nmch lar-er area Looking to the situation of the beaccn'on one 'side, and port will be extended down to these points-and in all present arrangements this eventuality should be borr"e hi The Carleton mill pond, as well as the beach below Sand Point, are marked out upon the City plan into street and squares, evidently with the intention of convent them sooner or later into dry land. As the harbor of S John S I^rS^h'/'^Tf ^^^'•'°'- '^ New Brunswick, and a frlT^f] .^ ' ^^ ""^ '^'^ P.°'* ^« "^"« t^o ^arge for its presen trade, the time cannot be far distant whin everv fbot be tween Navy Island and the beacon, which can be co4red with tide water, will be required. A harbor so easvoTaccess for the largest ships, so near the main track between Europe and America, and so free from ice, possesses every natZl attraction ; and cannot fail to be sought, not only by Sar traders or vessels seeking your product, but by tlU We class, winch would otherwise go'^to Europe in bdit eithS for sale or order; by those whith are\et«rninr or bv 1 acific or Indian Ocean. Your only present means of supplying a large tonnage are derived LI your exports of the product o the forest; and the trade in dealsfdmber and lumber, is one which requires a lar-e area of vv , h r' shdW as well as deep, and In^o piling ,^nT tIJ ^ m deals ,s.a.d to be capable of indciinite extension, limited only by the question of shi,>pi„g acconunodation • and however .nuch it n.ay be overdone at fin.es, or howevJr nn profitable It may prove to the i>ionecrs, the.e are bu Ic natural results of a trade in which r»ne profitable veaJds many new dealers, and in which the supply ^t^soeaslv outrun tlie demand: and more particulLV one wii 4 ]l so dependent on the vicissitudes of the shippinir TSst The presumption s that the trade will increaTafd requT^^^ all the facd. les of which the harbor is capable ; and as hi\ IS the main dependance of the City and t le Province it s clearly your policy to foster it ; and as you cannot afford to exca^^te basins out of solid rock, or reclaim an outer harbor from the sea the coves should not be tilled up Mer than IS necessary for conv- prcnal purposS. ^ m>n)ith I S^Ynttod for much yaluable information with respect to the commerce of the port. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obdt. servant, Toronto, March UU ISCl.V' THOMAS H. KEEFER. 1, «. V- ss while the rath the un- of water at full control. ; seen some jsted), that if I understand City will bo real, Quebec ised for years )t necessarily usurance has niums, which ystem in their of the works er of vessels, th of 1859 for the greatest yf be inferred. Ferguson, of le Hon. John Mr. Smith, I 1 with respect . KEEFER. 17 ABSTRACT OF TESSELS Cleared at St. John, iV. B., for tht United Kingdom in 1859. I! Under SOit Ij Tons. MONTHS. l! No. of i.Vi'.sieU. =r Bi Tons t« lOOU Tons. _ , ,: No. of L _♦. ToD'.iBej Vcgsels. Tonnf^ January, . . . ' Febrmiry, . . c, March, 4 April, 3 May 411 June, , 41 July,. |, ,S5 August j' 43 Septeiulx.T, .! 1(5 October, . . . ' ' 9 November,.. 10 December,..' 12 3,:;6.V 2,275 l,:i;i5 1,171 l;),ov;; 14, -239' 12,187 13,1180^ 5,254 2,9S1 I 3,62c. 4,448:; 8 7 7 16 27 18 12 8 6 1:' 10 Over lOoO Tons. TOTAL. No. of L, '< No. of I Vessels, ionnage; Vessels. Tonnage Total. 228 ! 77,034 ' l:!l 5,415! i 1 4,9 !6 6 nisi; 8 1(1 21,(l'*li 14 11,1S7, 19 7,H7 14 5,9S5 3 4,365i 3 8,9jl' 1 6,9^. -Ik ' 2 93,3b 81 1,065 7,127 10,094 ll,3o2| 16,722 25,102' 19,057: 3,805, 3, 36 2 1 i,i48;| 2,065! 9 15 17 18 60 82 72 69 27 18 23 24 3,365 9,375 13,377 17,141 35,894 52,032 48,476 39,334 14,'.i!-4 10,708 13,695 13,495 Add The followin,:r Ocean Steam Vess'-ls: — North Hriton,. . Nov;i Scotian,. . Indiiui, •9 iiiinnarian, .... ' ' Anitlo S.ixon, . . Nova Scotian,. . , ^101,449 440 i27l,870 jw 446 l,4,s7 1,487 1,15! 1,487 1,165 1,487 >280,H3