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The principal point is gene- rally fupposed to be our maritime righu ; but to suffer thcM even to be diBCUMcd wouU be a dereliction of duty, m auy uegociator who night attempt, or any minister who might sanction it. N« infringement, abatement, or qualification can be admitted. But tiiaic aw wuiott* -other objects, coneeming wMA this oeg«k:lation wiH give u* an opportunity of treating; and which, though latent and little regarded by the public at large, are seriously felt, a» of the utmost moment, by .tiwif«ii.whft.hMi».hwi opportunities of ap- preciatii^ their importance. At this juncture, therefore, and pre- vious to the appointed meeting of |deni|«Ditentii|iii^» ii^.^jesiifUc toim^ mto th» p»lj*« m4» wiWy to ciwuW* moA imm^w impress, the truths, that it wiH be the obwct j^f tjlie ((^imkmMifff fo aiwibtin, and which, it i* hoped, WW •otescppa **#«»**- i^Mi, or appear insigni|fi<;«nt in tb« eye% <)C,t^Qi4t.vl»Q naf be ca- Irnsted with the intemstft of the empira on 4Us tam^^fi occa^ To "Aips, colonies, and commerce," no one will deny, that ttw inhabitantB of the British ifJi^yu»iS^^ w^lih #nd pr^fficn^* the f wrerum^t its preponderanpe and^tahiU^, thA ik» mJ^^ trown its lustre. Whatever, tfaiff^foni, teodi to fugmuit 3h» wunr ^' I mmm im wbitcvcr «aa fife iMMMd «BlM our colofaiit; nAmtit^m tm prai^M tbft tlM nation M iwg« ; mut ^mi oigect of <*• wann^ patriot •tatesmaB.i It fiwtt be cooM toccHrrencc kasfortf taiiea of yeain idhiddyi «6 graat m < iiig for enhancing 4ifaM iwwiinnb i y p ri a i |lg yi,^i Dr cMraCtiaf d» errors of former times, and for making ImpN aid abibte firiinwMi ibip the future, than die sresult of< the tnir» we arc at pnadnlen- llaged in with the United States of Aneriea ; §ut by dint, dlrfM>> nar treaties, all impolitic cnweesaiewi are abragated ; cveqr dMg ■my pass in revision ; and we shall, wbanever a peace is coneiudad, be entitled, supposing the events of the war to gifve na thai GOflif ■ending attitude wbidi wte ouf^t to possea^ to chwbfawl pfaiili ihose advantages^ wbidi nature and policy pomt oM aa io the possaasors of Canada. ^ llie importance of our possessions in Nortb Aneiica, i been duljr eafim^d. Though tbe abundant anppttea of iliiUbr, masts, die which our navy baa, for years, deai,Md faoay' b*ve, as to ifart point, n6w opened Iho eyes of the couiBti^; : Ae nurseiy for our aeamea, whieb dw fishariaf on thee a >coailaLbMt iMMMtitated^ has long been a^teowledged^ aaidinost a vitalvpatoitf dur naval eristence ; yet are thew (tdier adwrtme* to bo i dwia ad from the productions of nature and industty, whiidi encoanfaaMaC .and protection from the medier country wodd incaasandyaiftiiaia nction> that havii beenteostly overkwked^ or greedy The bounda wtibin which diis discussion is meanl to be > will not permit (tfmon than aa enameratien of dm feent of dicW objobti. .pif In the' first :plaee| our cdouicacrf Upper and Lower Cawidaj Kova Scotia, New Birunswkk, aad Newfoundland^ «• iaaq^]i«#* ^uate to supply our (West India posaeswons widi all dto timbtoy-aM 4he staves, and cU the fidi they can re<|uire : and piior to A»pn^ lent American war widi neariy dl the Wheat atul io«t*tilMl3r'«bttld «Msume. Hm fitf trkd* is in impbttMrt biaaeh, ant «rii|itfl« Attadi ^ toowptadiiMivc, if ade^uite pratoatlsfc mi aii Di i» i g i' Mini atoMilivilK^ |NitMie#to#a shoM if 'h«^ «*«■■■■■■■■ I [f 1 ^ yieklad iu pqr ^wiriiliM* , na^ far ^(yia|^ «mi h»l» ,, , J, iuMdlfior wUch *• M^ of lnl M i <.ii aowBt OD tiM» United SIbIm, IM^ aMl «i» iWti% Mgbt ^ruMd nd nportid to gmft ■ ih ra nmm — H gm^ V'^ 0it».oi^miUMmsBit^ be impovlMl horn ihem, if adoutMi lo.enti7attfaeMunenteof dn^/wilM^oilMdbliibbwfroai N«w- fiwodluid. . A loyd; popuktioiv incr«««Bg m,«mib«s, and diAinng kwif ofwiheniUiMWof yet uncl^urMl mmI uDcultifstfld aoRs, wluck jkid in .fertility, »d con»eni«ce of nte, to iif> part of tke Unilad StateH, has proacd^ d>*t Canada baa raounwi wilbin itadf, itamiin of ituidy praaperity, rimt need bat tbe fuMeriog ait^ of the notbe^ counfryraadher parental protection, ttfeit^liab an influence «• tbe MWlinent of North America, apreeding even in time to A* Pacific, and tradii^ from the ahoresof that ocean with the ri^ ngiana4>f tboEaat. . That we may not agaitt return into a course that baa been pro* jductive of ao wicb embarraasment, feiatbn, and injury to owr in- IVMtai.tbat we may not in futum blindly covmit ourselves bf treaties, which m^ be the overflowing, sources of contention; in short, that we may net evince hereafter a total ^lorance either of Ihe rights or of the boundaries of the two natiosv, the oversights in OMT former negociatioiis will be pointed on^ uid an endeavour made to suggest remedies ^swch cauaas of (hssanlion in future. J[i»«oncluding a treaty of peace with^the United States, not only .ought the main fimture of the war, the inviotaito auintenance of eus mariume rights, to be kept in view ; but thaacareely lets tin- portent object, the preservation of the British NQftb Aroericaii ,co)oni«i, ought net to bf oveibohed^ To secure, thiafcst it iin- ^^nbite to advert to one grand point, the neoassityof the estnblM^ .psotAf a nev liueqfbouHdarv, bet#een the Britiili Mid the Amf- .riain.^osses8ioqs, and to seteral subordioale objiet% which will b^ .notioe(l-in thia tract. . * Posterity will scarcely believe, thouf^ histp^ mnt »»m *» , mortifying trath, that in acceding4o the indepeirfcnceol t^ iilatss .of America^ their territoiy was not iiewlSr^<*#«* > *•■ i ^* .J JmL WpPHIi JWttt» ikMfr wludi Umitd ee «■ to til* thflfidl prat- )ourni> Ives bf m dtherof overaightB endeavour u tittufe. I, not otif muoceof |JeM* tiw I^Hhof eaiilJMMMbto A^ttirMaMwrfHW* oriMikiilMb the cottbtry io e«ded wM^ 4Nr «o«M li«; it thelivM, o eHip M If ji Amtrfcw ia khm : tad lUi oiMioii k Ihi «Mn mtmjukkt'^ ir«ir York Md mwdt IdMMng Ikin MfOMMiM of tlk» Bkl> Mk army, tlw iMraider of diepe tdmUe porti w wtd, «■ till fontrary, to nqmn alaice equhralMl abfiwilMw^ imIMmI of gMag^ iM>h were, ■ prvmiimi fiDTget^iid of thoai. t. Yet Mch wn di« igaoranM of Ae' Aen taisieter of Omt Bii^ tifo, ant those whoiii he tmpkfjtd, m regard to the |«og i l i ph iodl pbdtioa and loal hnporthice of die ttrritdry tfed^d, 1h«k «h«« dM Merchants of Loodoiv ioleitltod in the €«Hda Md*/ wdftdi «i Mr. Otwald, die tiegaciBtot, tanpmm die hnpoBiieaiid i B l| »i l Irident ceerion of die «pp«r eofeialrry ead dio poito rxwiiinidim dJi Mine, via. MidulimdiiMb, Dalroit» Niegera, Pra^nliby fich^ louer, Qiwogo, and OetNgOtlde, &c. and to endtoMorto^^lfiMal^ ver, whMber aomct ■■■■■ codld not ha dewifedlbr ateti im ijn 4n atavctive cooi^iience* irhidi nUgbt eaine to dia inhabitinlt'of I3V> nade, and to die BiStnh trade add hi i ae ncw with dM>Iadlattik#e liieraUy bunt into lean, atid ackaowlfDi^ hie «0Bi|det« ^nsandia f r snch jpoett bciaK m our pooeemNi, and of die obwiliy fhiili a^vay boing ate olyect fa any reipcct wroeilrf of notiee. UaiaMiH naiety, it was too late to retrieve the error, and dee|dy did Briliih ivterestji aud infldenc* aufler in eoMMqaenee. But ita,miacfai0«llis fflepts were not solely cOidiliiid M British iabfeela: thegr fell alao M4icn a body of man, wlioaa intainals dw Brilisk negodator hidHto aathority or right to coin|»roiBise. The ceded conn^ ms-ioh** Inted by qiMneroaa toihos and nadoas of Indikns, Mlodwi*tnil» fmdent bodi= ot vb and of die Anieriflans. fh^ nre»e ?d M iii iiid proprietova of dte klad, and we had no ii|^ to U anafcr to oMn l»hat did not beloi« to ooradtas. This injoitioe wai gr8Mlr%» llavated by die conndaittion^ r!)at those nhctjgwal.nal i ail h i d been our faidiful allies durii^ die whole of die contaM|» ondyntyiil HipuIadoRwasmadondmrAtvori ^ Immediately after die treify of 1763, the Amerieaw gu i ein a MWt irinuceftilly etadid orinCriiigaia dko 1 iiU. imm •■in I III! f m ' m iImMI «|^p«r fcwM wwvMiahMtf «rt pledge till ilM*diMi ftifntm' of tlMM tifkfcti Mwy yeew elUr, wfcea ^ jwwe w cei kiJP eM«ii iMit theie peeli WottM be Mffrendereiltd Anerica, die mef'-J clMiilf«f Montreal, who were princiindly coocerofld in tiie Indiaite tiadef preforted i ep ie i eal a tk» n , in wliiefc the hripoScf of d(e Cf«> iiih wai expoaed, and eterjr effort made to procure a new line 'of bMMdary or demafcation, eompMiUe with the seouriTf of Canada^ and the protection of the Indiana, but wkhuot effect aa, hjr Mr. Jagp*s treaty of 1794, the aiid posta were agreed to be di^Kvercd up «■ or before the lat of Jnne, 1796$ and the Only proviaion ob^ lanied reapecting the Indians, was a right of trade ftom Canada wkb theoB, on the mom footing aa the Americans, and which had ba«| aiqtgesied m thoae tcprea^ntations aa am altei aitive atipidations of that treaty, so little regard was paid by the /■aaerican govemment to their plighted Adth, that by a treaty b^ tWeea the Uniled States and Ae Indians, condtsded at Fort Greim- ville on die Sd of AngM^ 1795, an ankle was'forCed upon the Ib> diant, by which Uiey engaged that no. trader diould reside at any Indian town ot hunting camp, without a licensed under the autho> rify of die United StateK* To reme^ly thia direct breneh of the treaty of 1794, an ezpb- natory article was concluded at Philadelphia^ on the 4th of Mmf, 17d6> between Mr^ Bond and Mr. Kckeritag, on the part of thdr vaapccttve governments. Bht the evil waa merdy shifted, not ra*> nae at d. British tradma > were Msailed and faaraised in «a«otts waya^' •fan p as s es were enforced^ not#ithsMr. onedup Gaiicda bichhad ■bte lettHny •uthck >n expl»> of Maif, tdf Ibdr » not n^ M of th« quirod to here wiur ire to b« nit tad mm •miiMntl; to pmonw t» dM BfkUi miIm llMt maAmm^ili^ ^Miv«t» wkidk fttenl ckpomnM hM i^ovmI lb>b««f^ d|KM|i|M» portinco.to the < •yeti—iicj||i% 4br deepoUing the lodiaMof their laMh^ b3r e^nty epuBiet o#' h^t^r •liee ; end it cwHed en thie phm with eueh dcKhmiB miA^ thit ilh' -mtives becaine fintlly ooavkKod, that thei^ eaU wiwhtiwi ■mmHk^ feel object of that govenmeirt andite bpaoioiu lewdjehhexw TV give, tberefoie, Mcunty and penhaaetcy, nal only to oar I line, but to that of our faithful Indian alliei, is a oioet! mti important point. . . The boundary line, as supposed ttf be filed m Vt9$t hoifoyt^dt 4tM comrocnoement, in its conne^ond at its tBrminttJen^ tho'l^fWI- «st ignorance of 4he geography^ and of the natnitl fcatnwo iM^iMi. JijM^ of dM vast rngioos throqgh which it runs. . Tbo frau^rs of that treaty, oo die pirt of Great Brilahif haHid ^ This rivor falls inio Passaanaquoddy Bay, part of dM B^ d( Fundy, in dM latitude of 45* 5^ notOi; and American ment has been it work here abo» and snrrspiitioas been obtainef^ by the Sute of MassachoselU* of thNoMmdiiB ^asfamaqooddy. Bay^ o4uiiito Lake Sdperior^ .ajhidi kiia necemary to aacandin canow, hmdiwji ftayaiaily Utixf rjWililMil^ to avoid rapMi mid Mi% olfcli aW'iiiiibdl'imiii liiU •m •mi^fm ■IM» OflU Mddw Bliaibis ■Mwiok, called tlM ■ of Lik« w; thcno* hfOmbtlM orlheriydi. Superior, ring of tnis or, may be lit of %no- I left. Bdt LakeSope- lotlMLonf Im Lrfre of BBKMt point irippt. n Lake Sa- ri iBterrcMa fflitoriyaiiil utbirtiMae mfbrfMe iMAJk iU jpi^^ M iU ceona firon tba haigirt of laad imo Laka finpafior it •M>rt, and the currant Mroitg. '' v raacbafl iba Miounit aad l^^jHcd the portage, which aaparatai* mk •;raaiNa thai flow in oppo- ■ite directions, the canoea proceed down tha weatern ttmmt tl^ough the Raiojr Lake, and the Lake of tha Woods, into Lake Wiun^pcg. From the nortb«woMem point of the Lake of tlw IVoqds, a line drawn due west could never strike tha Missisippi, ^hich rises far to the southward. So that at thia end of the bowM^ aiy line the uncertainty of it is so great, that, had not hoatiktiea in- tervened, it would in course of time have become necessary to n^ •nme the discussion of the boundaiies, and fix them in a moia 'mr IfUigible and defined manner. Thus, however, it stands at present. A new boundary Una » ^erefore necessary, were it simply to define geographical iiuite, and remedy the errors we have pointed out. But it is more iaspo' lipMisly requiiite« in a political point of view, to give permanent security to our North Aroericaa possessions, and effectually t« curb the avowed ambition, and encroachments of the Americana. , The great feature of this new line, strenuously to be insisted on, ooght to be the exclusion of the Americans from the navigation of the St. I«wrence, and all its congregation of tributary seas and waters. .They are the natural patrimony of the Canadas. Water communications do not offer eitfaer a natural or secure boundary^ Mountains separate, but rivers approximate mankind. Hence the prominent boundary should be the heights of land separating the respective territories. If this basis were adopted, the advantage of it, on looking at the map, will be obvious to the most suparfi- cifl observer, We should have possession of Lake Chaaipiiun, and the waters descending into it ; of an adjacent country, afid of the southern shores of all the great lakes, of which we have now only the nprthem coast; ; together with the whole of Lake Michi* gini from yhk^ thrcn^b a series of the same watercourse* we are vifhully excluded. In this tpuirter, the heights of land leparato tl|f» waters |M flow into the g^at lakes, from those that teke their Cf^Vie tofvarda the >fissi«iKpi ; and aib hy the eighth arttale of the treaty of 1783, we ine entitled to the free navigation of that im- pgrbmt rjvei:. )k> jBsseatialjw adwipit|g« should not be Deflected t« NO. IX. Pfliw. VOL.Y. ' H 114 "he ensured to us, and a point of contact of our territories Willi » navigable part of that river, secured by a line down one of the rivers running into it in these regions, or along a height of land be- tween two of them. No arguments need be used to illustrate Ae extreme importance -of this last object, which is obvious ; and if we should not be able to obtain the heights of land as a new line .of boundary throughout, and should be obliged to be content with a line passing through the several watercourse communications from Lake Onta- Tio to Lake Huron ; at all events, instead of proceeding through .the Straits of St. Mary into Lake Superior, it should go fr( n Lake Erie up tlie Sandusky River to the nearest waters falling into the Ohio, and from thence down that river into the Missisippi ; thus according with the spirit of the eighth article of the treaty of 1783, and giving us a point of contact with the Missisippi in a na- vigable part, which the second article, defining the boundariea, meant to bestow upon us, but failed of doing from its geographi- «al ir accuracy. •. .<^^ain, whether we procure the heights of land as a boundary- basis or not, we ought to insist on all the islands in the River St. Lawrence and the Lakes, and the islands of St. Pierre and Miqne- Ion ; at least, no one of them shoi|ld be ceded without previously ascertaining, by commissioners duly qualified frdkn resadence in the country, their -locality and importance. It has been suggested, that it should be stipulated that no vessel belonging to the Americans, exceeding a certain burthen, twenti/ or thirty tons, tphieh is a size quite adequate to the trade of those regions, should be suffered to navigate any of the lakies, and that no -fortifications of any kind should be erected upon their borders^ or the borders of the St. Lawrence, or upon any of the waters that iall into them from the American side ; whilst the right of the Bri- tish in these respects dhould be reserved to be exerci ed without rAtriction : because one of the avowed and main objects of the Americm government, in this war, being the conquest of die Ca- Badas, and the object of Great Britain merely the security of these provinces against aggression,-— it is indisputable, that no peace can be safe or durable, without providing ample security igaimt attacks. .Al Itories with a one of the Itt of land be- |e importance ihould not be .of boundary I a line passing Lake Onta- ling through Jgo frcn Lake IHng into the ssisippi : thus the treaty of iisippi in a na- le boundaries, its geograpfai- as a boundary- A tlie River St. rre and Miqne- bout previously residence in the i that no vessel mrthen, twenty t trade of tho$e lakies, and that n dieir borders, f the waters that right of the Bri- cerci ed without a objects of the lest of die Ga- lecurity of these lat no peace can y pgMDit attack*' tl3 ^ that natnre in future. It is equally important that die new cfanm VtX up by the United States to the whole of the north-west coast of America, as far as the Cdumbia River, in consequence of their possession of Louisiana, shoidd be set at rest, and eztingiuahed for ever. Before dismissing the subject of our own boundary line, it may bewell to advert to the limits as now existing between New Bruns- ^ck and the United States ; and > if we cannot get to the Penob- scot, at least let somo route or line be drawn, by which we may be enabled to have a free communication between Canada and Nova Scotia. And it is also, perhaps, the more requuite to insist upoa tfie necessity of our resuming the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay, (and why they have not been taken possession of since the wju» cannot easily be explained,) as, by the unratified convention of 1803, it was most unaccountably agreed to cede them to the United States, this government being, it is presumed, ignorant not only of their importance, but of their having been for many years part of the parish of West Isles, in the county of Charlotte (the southern- most county of New Brunswick,) paying the rates, and acknow- ledging the municijMd regulations incident upon such an appro- priation. Large quantities of lumber, furnished from the neighbouring parts of the province, are purchased by the Americans and carried to these islands, which are paid for in prohibited articles from the United States ; and they in the same manner engross almost tbe whole of the produce of the fisheries, which is equally paid for in snch articles: thus precluding the West India Islands, in a great measure, from receiving those supplies of fish and lumber in Bri- tish bottoms, and introducing large quantities of contraband goods into die colony, to the serious injury of the manufacturing interests, of the mother country. . The situation of these islands also ena* bles Ifaeir inhabitants to engross a very great proportion of the trade in gypsum^ which is now become an object of great demand, andj in some degree, of necessity, in the United States. In 1 806, upwtards of 40,000 tons were exported from New Brunswick and I^OTP Scotia ; and, if the contraband trade in this article in Passa-. aaquoddy Bay was sappressed, the export of itjo the United lltf States would aunualiy employ 10,000 toot of Briliih i|iip[^ii|i> The Uuked States must also, in a very h*i yeans resori l» 4ie«e provinces for coal, as other kinds of fiiel Imve iMcone «ca«c«' Md dear in the Eastern States ; and in the sivnie manner as die ing trade in gypsum is intercepted by these islands, «"ould thai i« the coal be, if they were to continue in the posaesaiou . f (he Ame- ricans. It would, therefore, be tbe h«ght of indiacretioa lo fiiv« up tliese Islands to the United States, excfauiv* of die difioul^ of apprrAch which it would occasion to the porta of New Bc— S ' . wick, within Passamaquoddy Bay, the Americans having akewiji erected a battery on one of these islands. The next impwtant point to be attended to in a treaty of peace with the United States, is a new boundary for die In&ns. The boundary liiie which appears best for tbe psotection of loh dian rights, and which would add to die security of €Mwda» would be to mii a line from Sandusky, on Lake Eric, to the nearest wataM falling into the Ohio ; then down that river, and up the Miansipfii, to the mouth of the Missouri ; Aence up the Missouri t» its pri»' cipal source, conAning the United Sttatcs to the Rocky mtmntaiosy as their western boundary, and exclwfoig them firom all the cou»* try to the northward and westward of the lines here desifprntad, which, from those Knee to that which should be agreed on ■» die British boundary of Canada, shouU remain whoHy for tlm IndJMK as their hunting-srounds. The boondnry between the Umted States and the Indians, aa filled by the treaty of (Greenville, b^brs alluded to, would perhaps answer as the new boundary line for the protection of the Indiana, if extended so ai to rmi up the Miasonn and to the Rocky mountains, provided dial all the HttrwUipm and cottditiotu in that treaty relative to tlw vano«» traeta of greund widiin that line, for the advantage of die Unitnd States, tad ell the odier conditions attached to tkmm by it, be mhalhf -dimt mmj^ And the American government (and prabi^ly abb M«ipfo«rily d» Bn* tish), excluded from having any fbrts, ittaitai^ p«ru> tntilttriil'^ riadMtion» or public property of any kind, withm the InAmi line : but the bon&fde property of white people, in holds widdn ikm boundary, where the Indian tttlce «heli have been Aoriy mrtiii|iu4M4 ■ilMa dunw Ithe Aane- togif* ouliyof of peace oBa»the ' '«- - » «? — HBO JIIHMHHt tbe Uaited line fcr «h« • of gTMinA I, md an th« iHMMjr^And ittythefin- nMnMn linn * • whlkbilMit MrtkiiiiiilM ■"T 41T fHwioM t»« MW tm^ mtb America, might perlui|ii be eefely •llewed under die territorial jurisdictioB of Great Britain. ■ Tim woeld of cenm obviate the necesoity of anj reiervation ea to the right of the Britiih ko carry on trade with dw IndiaH, «#ho*e indepciidence being thos established, they would have the right to admit or interdict whom ihej please ; and we well know to whom thef would, both from indiiAttion and interest, pve the pi rfei e n ee. This is the more derirable, as tbe intercoorse edlh the Indians of that qiwrter by the Britidi, being carried on 1^ peniit- 4iieni as it were, of a jealous and hostile nation, has been the Iruit- ftA source of innumerable exactions, continued disputes, and inoea* sent broib.. For men, whose friendship has beeii recently shotfm to be of auch •greet JMBportance to us, we cannot do too much. We diould aee all thefa* wrongs redressed, dieir terrhory restored to then, and ihemselves rendered for ever secure from American encroadinlent. Bet dte independence of the Indians cannot be effiectuaUy pre- served, by the articles of any treaty, which shall provide security ftar Indian tcrritbry or Indian r^hts, unless, what is indispensable ^r their dee eiecution. Great Britain become the avomed put-- Wimiee emd protector oj those rights and that territortf, so as to Itave both the right and the power of instant interference, m case of any encroachment or violation, and not, as hitherto, be e silent epeetator of wrot^s and injustice, more immediately injurious to 4he aborigines, but eventually as ruinous to the sBcuril|r of tbe In illustration of the injuries the independent Indians have sue- laitaad from die Americras, end which have excited those appre- ^hcmtionB of .extermination so generally entertained by the natives, wtt ahidl give dM substance of the speech of the sagacious and brave TBe,iiMSKVTH,'. at his interview with the lamnited dsKS' #Ab Baocic, whom he came to aid, in his expedition to repel ^leirii'a kveMoa of Upper Canada. i . * This iUustrious chief having been wounded in one of the -late aetions In V^ Canada, was Ibund by the Americanir in the ield* and afterwarcU taken to their quarters, and r&ATio, ■^mmtHKim 118 w. ;1 i F!r$t, The Atnerieans lyatematicaily enerowh opon Aflir liMby and drive them from their hunting-grounda. > . • * Secoadfy, The American gvvermnent make fraudulent purabiaes •f their lands from Indians who have no right or power to sell, ■■» for example, by getting a few insignificant membws of a villag* te make a sale, to color usurpation. Thirdfy, The American government, in nmuj inatnacaa, have paid the Indians only one farthing per acre for l«uids, which the^ »M immediately afterwards for six dollars, deriving thus a qmmI productive article of revenue from this unprincipled system ; whilst even the miserable pittance of one farthing per acre they connive at the embezzlement of, by their agents. Fourthly, The American government has established what they call trading posts in the Indian territory, under the pietenoe of aupplying them with necessaries instead of money, for their lands. Fifthly, ^rhese posts are turned into military Nations at the pleasure of the American government, tending to the immeditte annojpance, and to the ultimate subjugation, of the Indians. Sixthly, Obstructions and embarrassments of various kindt have been long thrown in the way of the British tradors repniring witk supplies to the Indians ; and finally, those traders were altogether prohibited firom bringing their goods, by laws, such as the acta ol* non-importation, non-intercourse,. &c. to which the Indians mtrt no parties ; notwithstanding they were by treatieti, made with dioii as independent nations, and solemnly sanctioned by the Umted States, entitled to the right of free intercourse with the British traders.* Seventhly, Neither the feelings, the interests, nor the rights of the Indians, were at all considered by tibe Americans ; but,, on the contrary, were, on all occasions, studiously outraged and violated. * If l3m view of the subject be enterUuned by those whooi WfS me accustomed to call unenlightened savages, how much moie readily will the European politician see the evil eonseqneDces with ■ See the case of the Michilimakinae Company, whose boats were snied in 1807 by the Americans, which, in more unembsnassed tinws would have been considered a justifiable cause of immediate war. * Appendix. ' * f hues »ell, M» ll«g«lo I, have tbey • moil i; whiiiC connive what they «tenceof eirhmdi. iw at the mmedMite 18. lintk have iring with altogether the acts oft' idiaoswere with thou be United he Britiah m ri^s of }ut, on the violated. * whom wfB luch mom enceswilb waresttued would have U9 fAidk mcfa a qpstemaf^ Americans pomw is pragwtat botbtot iIm Indians and to tfie Caoadaji! The next pjiint to hi adverted to is, the necessity of eidttdii^ ^ Americans from the fisheries on the coasts of British North ^merioa, espedaUy those of Lahradore^. Newfoandland, aad'th# Gulf of St. Lawrence. t^jsl The third article of the treaty of I783> whith admits tfiem «» trim and dry fish on the shores of these colonies, ought to be ufr* tmhf abrogated, and every vest^ of its existence taken awi^. Iw^ provident and impolitic in die outset, experience has shown, Aatfl is much more injurious than nught, on a superficial view, be sup> posed. That the Americans were enabled thereby to carry our own fish to the West Indies, and- derive great part of die advan> lagcs of a trade which nature points out as bdoiq;ing to as, is toi» well known to be more largely insisted on. But the latent vM consists in the encroachments committed, the insults offered, the depraved habits introduced, and the contrabund trade carried on, under the mask of fishery, by the Americans, wherever their feel have been set on shore. That the mode in which the Americttis have in this respect conducted themselves, is a systematic prelitni*^ navy to die ulterior views of their government for tiie acquisitioit of territorial power in those parts, is apparent, when it is remart^* ed, that in an article of a treaty concluded between France and the lAnted States vrithin the last twdve years, they mutually guarantee slicb lands as Aey may acquire in the tiulf of St. Lawrence, and this at a time when neither of them owiaed an inch of land in tha Gulf. ^ ' N^ less than twelve hundred sail of American vessds were oH' those coasts, numbered the British fidbermen, and were very lawlem in tfaeic r * Letter from the Custom-bouse, at Haliftw, 80tb August, 1006.. a^* lie MRnMni. Thty cndevromrpd to approprkla th« ImH cxchniviAy M' themselvea; ani frequently, on parpoN,|MHWd their boati th t o wgl i |he British nets, even at timet takiag the firii out of them, and go* ing on shore and plundering with impunity. They have fre^ttentlf landed at the Magdalen Islands, and, iKHsting the American flag* have been very abusive and insulting to the inhabitants. On tfaik aahjcct the words of the Memorialistt are worthy of qaolntiDn : I* Among the evils," they say, " which such an intcrcouraa mMt inevitably produce, we are convinced, that the sedtiments, habki^ •nd manners, both political and moral, of the lower order of tfaa Americans, are dangerous and contaminating in a very great degree. It is our first wish to see these colonies completely British ; tim srill ever be fovnd their surest defience and greatest blessii^ ; but the intercourae permitted by that fatal article of the deinitive trcatf was detrimental to their duty as subjects, and to every edMr object of thb addreflB." By tins subject, the attention is coUaterally drawn to the iilaMb of 8t. Pierre and Miquelon, ^hidi we have been in the habit of restoring to France at the conclusion of every war, but winch it it to be hoped, will never more be done ; for not oidy is it impoiitio to give the French that privilege, but it vriU afford the Americaai an opportunity of treating for the purchase of them from France^ which, it is well ascertained, they had on former occasions in oo»' templation, in order to pursue their favorite plan of aggrantiaa* ment, by getting a footing of some kind in the vicinity of the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; and we trust that the French wBl, in future, bn totally excluded from Newfoundland— we have much to restoM on the return of peace, but we have much that we ought to retain. The objects hitherto recomnmnded to the attention of die n ag o - ^tors of a treaty xvith America, are such as tend to aecure the in- tegrity of our colonies in that quarter from fntmre encroachment or mvaMon, and to ensure die permaaMit et^ymrat, both to tfiem and » the mother cuuntry, of the advantages fai actoal or pa s t po t ses si on. But another main point ranains to be adverted to, aad te tterks diacnssed, namely, the improvement aodvxtensioa of dioM tdvMI" tages by the augmentation of the population, agrictdtare, trade, and fislieries of diote possessions, reanonaUy to be expacled from pursuing a true line of policy, it is not enough to know diat these territories possess the saurces of extended and pemunent prosperity^ ■ivdijr l» IHWWIgB I and go- OntinI P, habiM^ of iIm it dagiee. tish} dm mg; but ivetmty er object heiiiamb ebftbitof R'lrich it k tim|Kilitio AmmHcmm m Frattce, >n« in oo** iggraddfaM* fthe Ottir fuluire, b« restoM on ratun. f die nago* lire the in« icnneiit or »diemMMl peatemon. te merits Me wdnth ■re, trade. Bcted from rdiatdiese prosperilj, "^ ^t Imt « k neecMtry abo to give eflRset and ; the obttades Hm ftead in dw way of dwir ibMndanl eew An especial, an arti6oiel, and, if the et ^pr e m ien wmf ha niioKved, a Miicidal barrier, bae, for >ear«, obalractcd and i«iiiji>i fim blem ing a wbich the bounty of Providence put into onr bttide. Ildf barrier oonMMedio allowing the Amencane to anpplyMir WeM India Iihnd* witb dmber, ilavet, fiib, and proviaona. 'Rm war has put mi end to this impolitic system, and destroyed the illntioiis upon which that intercourse was i which diouM never be revived! irf But it is not only with respect to die prosperky of our HaMi American colonies, durt the permitted intercourse of the citiasns of the United States with die West Indies k prefuc^cial, fes other and very important branches of Britt4» trade have eaperieneed alsi> serious iujury. Under die plea of dislreM in the irfmids^ Aam ti cmi vessels, of all mses, havmg clandesdnely on board East Indin, European (not Britiah,) and United States aianufiKturfs, were -admitted darmg several years, and, till the embargo syslsm todc place, almost as freelym if the intercourse had been legally jo s t ii a d/ .This, however, is on'y incidentdly mentioned. By the declaration of Hk Migesty in council of the fi7 pxt4 the commerce between the United States and the West Indies, which bad been completely suapended for eight years, was suddenly revived by public authority. By that hasty and improvidoit con- .ceai ion we made the United States necessary to die West Indu, and a system has grown out of it, which has so entanj^ed and beset ua on all aidea, that it k diiBcult to convince ev«i rational and un- prejudiced mind^, that the Weat Indw Ulanda can exkt and floikh without communication with thoae Statea. Tbk reoden it there- lore necefa«ry to go a little at large into thk aubject, which k of vital imp eeMly been exported in one year, BOQfiOO bushels of wheat, and ao,OOObarreis of flour."* The facts adduced respecting the competency of these colonies, frotir their progressive improvemc|it, to supply the West Iifdia idiMis, apply with equal or more force to the settlemento of Nova Seotia, and New Brunswick ; not only because their geographical •ituatioa is more advantageous to Great Britain tba^ any other on the continent of North America, but also from their con- nection with Canada, the adjacelit Britiah islands, and the fisheries, and from the superior eiceUence and number of their harbours, they can supply, with fiMility, the British Weat India islandf with «very species of lamber, and the woods abound with all the various tmds of timber lo be found in New EnglaiML Liva^tock is raised in the greatest abandanco, and soM at the lowest price ; so fliat horses, xnteii, sheep, and hogs^ (formeriy a material fNurt of the shipments, frottlthe United States^) may equally be de p e nded upoo fi^m this . » Mr, Atcheson's Collection of Btport^ (8cc. on Navi^Uon and iWle, * American Encroachments upon British Rights. 1 traAc |9 r«p«rtoof iacon- Btea |llii« iiMcr- Stateyof Inan. It war aonudljr it it otH th North eked the removed, ««t m^ aufacture have re> whca^ and ese coloniecy West India mts of Nova geographical tt tba^ any »iii their con- the fidieriea, eir harbours, islandi widi II th« various Ekisnuaedin >diat horses, le shipments, onftoqa diis >n and "frade, ts. "WW* dhL iti Stf pm'm Iha il uiiiMii ■ *w wapwt, ihii Hit Mi jUybty,onth>A— tfeu^-i u fl w — il y thatomth»Waalln gi iHliiii^ tigBihar wtk the kiag'stroopa in lh« pioviaeaa,aM«n» ■ly Buppliad, aad several ihoaaaMi harrabof saltail baaf rid pa* •mMly expoited. The bads of Nwra Scotia — d Htm Bi —aei ph •M trail adapted Isv the cultivation of all aorta af gniai, aninf iMi^ flax and tehncoo. FWi can be carad and caniod Ihmi NmN fbnndbad, and the Baj ofFundyw the Weetlndiea, at aa dHapa rata as, and of a snpenor quality to, most of the fish that uaad to hn sentflvNn the United States. Herrings hwre hitherto beeneaniedlo the West Indies, from these two provineea, ata cheaper rato^thaa Inm Grant Britain. In short, to eapatiato on all the olgecli of which thea« coloniea ara capable, would reqnira n vohnna. The war in which we aae engaged iUustratas, and will i p aidil y jnatiff all draso rsanmiiy Itii na longer in the power of the United States to supply tly fiaitiah Waal Indiea, and it becoiMn daily mora evident that thora islands tmmtmAwillU rap p l is d . wilb< outdieir intervention. Most ■noer e iy it it to he hopdl, thai thd seitereted enpenenee of thnfiJhwy of dradoct ri nasof thuAmflia* can advocates, which has been derived durough die medluB «f war, will open our eyes, and induce ua to revive^ in all its vigor, the nn* ligation, and ^obnial ryrtam of Bpgbnd, to givn evwy spena* of encouragement to our ooloniea, and to prohibit, in future, all intttreourra between the United Statea and dra Britiik West Indklslanda. Though Careign to die mora immediato otgect of these pagea, il is equally desirabfe, that the Americans may b» also eichided from trading widi our Asiatic pessessiona. That moat absurd anomaly in commercial poli^ by wkicb forsignen wera admitlad to trade to British ports in India, from which the Bast Indk cnano pany exdndad aU odier British tradera, vyitl now, it is most fiwvaitly to be hoped, from dionew aspect which onr oriental couimarai will assume, by the partial opening of die India trade, be abaa- deaid, never to be lesttmcd; and dns is an objootlikewira toba at- tended to in Miy peace widi the United States of America. Now dMtaH former treatieaara cau6elled,«nd theft dte pM«r«r die sword wiH enable us to oany into effwt snah meaawMaa any —■pi iL i lt6 iweiM « fMM iheavU coaMqnwcM of pMt o«ffi)|lili^ it ia to b« prMMMd« llMt the Britiah goTtnmwt viU aot ailcw Flotidi tob« ioGorponited with the Unitad States;-— wilt imitl npoo tht hm Mvigationof th« MiMiaippi, and Mcuritjr for itaconlinaMCo}— •w&l •aponaa the cause of our ancient and faithful alliea, the lodiaari ;— •od will require such boundariea, aecuritiei^ and dMoks, as will in futara keep within their due conBncs, and curb the ambitious pr(>> jeets of the American republicans. The war may be said to hate r^ tiieved our lost ground and to have placed the assertion of.our mari- time rights wholly within our own power, unshackled by die HMment of improvident concessions, or of commercial treatie$» We should accordii^ly avoid, at the restoration of peace, e»> tering into any commercial treaty with the United Stataa; for w» have seen, that almost every article of those which have been con- cluded with them, has only served to entan|^e us in A«sh negoda- tions, and to encourage the Ametican gpvemment to pursue a sy»- tematic course of fraud and encroachment, whenever an article un- fiivorable to their views admitted of contortion or evasion. It be- ing, thus, advisable, that no cMnmercial treaty should be made with the United Sutes, it will be necessary that all the bases that will have reference to the future commercial relations between the two countries, should be defined by the treaty of peace and amity; and these may be fixed in t*-'^ best and easiest mode, by discharging frote the discussion all questions of detail as to countervailing da- ties, legal or illegal importations, &c. and leaving the trade to be carried on under the mtMtc^iai r^idatioiu of each cotmtiy. To conclude. The summary of what we have attemptedto show Ae necessity of, and have warmly recommended to those whom Great Britain may charge widi the adjustment of our differences wUh America, is. Hint, a new boundary line, diroiighout the whole extent of North America, where our possessions and those of die United States come into contact ; keeping in view, that Mova Scotia and New Brunswick be restored to their ancient limits, security against aggression and a free communication vrith Canada be obtained, without pasnig throogh the United States, •ad the islands ia Ftesamaqtioddijr Bay be iesttined bj «i : . *MaliWSt**f*MSS^ m >tob« >itt pro- hat* r»> r-oumuui* article hreatm, IpMce.Mi. i; tor we- beea con- negoda- •■7»- un- Jtbe. made with > that will WD the two amity; and Ufchaifing nrailing da- trade to be ' \trjf. ted to show loae whom difierence* extent of be United ir ancient ition with ad States, That the Aaffricaof bt •r.cliidad from tto wvigalioa of 4m St. Lawr«ac«,andof all it» tribotarj labaa aidl waters ; awi That a navigable part of the MioMppi be brought withb o^ Canadian territorict. SefiOMtUy, A new boundary line for the Indian territory. Thirdly, No forte or nulitary posts, to be erected by the Amari- cans in the Indian territory, or on the boundaries, or any territorial or other jurisdictioB or public property possessed by them within those limits. Fourthly, The independence of the Indians, and the integrity of their boundaries to be guaranteed by Great Britain. Fifthhf, The Americans to be excluded from the fisheries on the coasts of British North America, incidentally on this head taking care that it be recommended m negociating with Prance, by no means to restore the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, or to per- mit the French to participate in the fisheries of Newfomdland. Sixthly, The Americans to be excluded from all intercourse with the British West India Islands. '. Stventhly, The Americans to be excluded from trading with our East India possessions, and their ptatended right to the north- west coast of America to be extinguished forever. Eighthly, The Americans not to be allowed to incorporate dm Floridas with their republic ; and the cession of New Qrieans to be required, in order to ensure to us die due enjoyment of our pri- ; vikge to navigate the Missisippi : and here it may also be a que*- tioo, in how far the arrangemente made between Spain, Franee, and America, respecting Louisiana, can come into discusdon. Laitly, No commercial treaty to be entered into with the United States, but the bases upon which trade is in future to be carried on between the two nations, to be defined and acknowlec^ed in the treaty of peace and amity, and to be regulated by the munici- pal laws of euh country. Having thus reviewed and examined these objects, and produced, it is to be hoped, a conviction of the essential nature of them to the prosperity and existence of our colonial possessions in Nor& Ame- rica, we trust they will not be absorbed in the magnitude, or be suf- fered to merge in the weight, of those grand questions, whence the iii-** Iti ?*L 1 vv cffi9iB»tMl,--UM f«ip«etive MMrtion mid deoial of our ma«i- TiMB Avo iMHSBKNT HiOHTa. 1q fitct, wlule tbojr MO Msrcely to be d««med of nioor^ importanee^ in one pouit of ? iew they form the bulk of what ought to come under diacuaaioD ; for as to ow msritime righta, we ro-asswrt, that so far from the con- ceaaioo being admitted, even all ^js^uiailioo rebtive to them should pevevptorily be abstained from. It is needless to enter intotlie abstract principle, the moral pro^ priety, or the accepted and acknowledged legality of our clailM, Ihov^ all have been established on grounds, if not always whully incontrovertible, yet never satisfactorily c in territoriei^ to wield, by iMi the wedtb» power muftt nation. That vnreserved ac^ If our support' vith glory, and lerdurable do* I POTIKI.* APPENDIX. ON TBI COKAVCT OF TBB OOTSBMIlBNT Of THB HJNITED STATES TOWARDS THE INDIAN TRIBES; Sxtrdctsjrom a Letter dated CanadOf 14M Jamuay 1813. [Tskea from tha Monri^ Post af Hm «Mi Aprik 1813;] JL HO. ? dat before this tnUtar readMs you, the egtt ^ ikt will ktme hem ofoud to the veal views of the AaMrican g o v emm ert; in their infanoas war against Great Britam, which are aone othac than eventud destruction to the independence of the cauntry of th^ ijrefiithers, by the establishment of principles ruinous to hw navy, 1^ by the inunediate conquest of all British North AuMrica, and especially the Canadas, as means conducive thereto. " The diplomatic larce they have been acting, in their pnqposali (impudently dnmmdiiaig therein, as a preliminary, the tery otyect of th« contest) for an armistice en yew ride of the Urater, whilst they r^eeted U m this nde, must surely convince the most incrcdnloos that theur purpose was to lull the nation asleep, in order that their aon- quest might be prosecuted, without uitarmption. ' • In vanity aad unpodence the Americana surpass the world. The lata 9lr. Fox observed, that he had heard of Scotch modesty and Irish imp»< NO. IX. Pam. < VOL. V. I gwai 130 11 " It cannot but make a forcible impretsion upon all who will impartially reflect upon the pa$t cooduet of the AmericaD govern- ment, that whilst tlie orders in council were considered likely to be persisted iii, they were loudly complained of, as the only bar to accom- modation and harmony between the two countries : but no sooner was it found that they would be given up, if that would suffice (see Lord Wellesley's letter to Mr. Ftnkney. Of 39tii December 1810), tlian the latter, in his answer of 14th Jainnary 1811, brings forward the annul- ment of the blockade of May 1806, as also indispensable. Now, it is notorious, that this blockade was never complained of by America, until she was required so to do by Bonaparte ; for Mr. Monroe, so far from remonstrating against it, at the time, officially wrote, that be eepsidered it ' as highly satisfiictory to the commercial interests ;' and the said orders and bidelndc being at air end, Bonaparte's princi- fdes of blockade must also be acknowledged, and impressments from Americaa wsels gitr)« up; whiofa hitter they confound and blind m such a manner, as to leave it equivocal, whether native American sea- men be only meant, a point we never claimed, or Briti$h teamen natu- ralized in America be also included, which we can never adndt, as i( violates fundamental principtcs of ri^t» and would uoman our navy in a few years. " Further, they insidiously aim at our giving up th« right of search for our seamen, and to trust to their prohibitions, (to be hereafter made,) about employing them ; but if we eVer abandon that r%fat, either as to search ibr contraband good^ or for s ea m c a or trust to any other security Ibr enfbrcment of our rightfe upon fliese pohitS; than the vigilanu ofaar own n/rvjr— then farewell to our independence as a nation. Thus, it is evident, that give up what you will, «0Me- ihtng more it ahcat/t hdd tn reitrre hg America, to keep up irrita- tion against us ; and to promote the purposes of France ; and it » further evident, by the conduct of Ameriba since her dechumtion of war, (hat ia drawing the sword she threw away the aeabbanl, and yet We remain with ours sheathed. *' The forbearance and spMt of conciliation of Great Britain to^ warHs Akserica have been so extreme and unprecedented, tkat, faisteMl of being attributed to magnanimity, and a sfatcere wish fvr petce. dence^ but that the true Coriuthian brass was only to be found in Ame* i4ta. who wUt m govern- |ely to Iw toaccom- Isooner wa» (see Lotd I), tlian the the annul- Now, it it America, bnroe, so te, thath* J interests;' irte's princi- ments from ■nd h\bad m nerican sea- leamemnatH- admit, as it ■an oar navy ht of search be hereafter b that r%ht, -or trust to I ttese pofaitS; independence a will, tame- leep op farita- «; and it is ^hmtioo of bard, and yet It Britain to^ tkat, instead ih A>r peicf , found in Ame» iMMpfw M/jy M tmuHmd k O* VmiUd SlaUa u iUmtit*: iW tineis di|««tbre arrived wImo audi dctemiiMd eanity against as oroit be nwt by a pnH^ionate and energetic application of onr powvr agiintt this new eneniy^ «| hi, nJmrabk f9inU,o( which thai* sm many ; for by such a oouno aaly wUI Anwrica be brought to her sober •eniea, and both countries wvad from dastni«tion: and I hope «nd trust that no ter«is of peace will huwaftcr be acceded to, that sbati not provide ample security for onr aiaritiaie rights— to onr NoHk American province»>*«nd to our Indian allies. *' The American govemnent will be found inferior obly to Baon». Jiarte's in the arts of deceptioo, and of framing and circulating iMs«- hoods, calculated to give a color to their unprincipled deeds, and t» raislewl public opinion. They are ever nady to aocuM their enemy of practices which thtj/ tcrupU mt fo pmrme. In aothmg is this moM WMifest, than in th$ir hjfptentiml mknrmnUtimu «&Mf d«r em. plojfiH the Iniimu, and which form a promnwnt ftatnie in Mr. Midi. •onV message to congress, at the opanii« of its present session. " The truth i^ that th« Americaw have done the ntmoat to oortnpt all the Indian nations, and cmplagr them ^ahMt us; when, inding tiieir efforts in general foU (although aueeenfol m particukrinslancesX they imitate the fox in the fobla. aad cry out sour gnpes:-affeeting to wish for Indian nantndity ; although it is netorieus that they would, if thay could, employ every bMKan in deaobring Oaamia ; and it b eqoally notorious, that they exaggerate the eruekies of Indian warftie^ wbilit greater are pmctJMd bv the mHU mm^« of %htW«$tem Ame- rimt Statu, who era really uore barbmroua than the rwl mnagti of the wilderness. « Of the Indians of North America, the for greater nroportfam Uve mUhout ^ Brituh territories, and ooiy a small part withm; wbicll latter we chiefly so^haawera driven Aom the United State9.bthe American war, and to whom tracts of hind were assigned hi Vpptt Canada. Even these were oflbied bribes by the Americans to demit Wl, and bwng terrified by their gaaooonda about the power of Am^ridL an^ Mr ^enedeu utuatioo. ac one tune bahineed, from fear of them. hut nat,^^wmiti(fqfMtwH farm. «• Part of the Indians of St. Regis, a fow others of the Six Nations and some Shawaneese who live sdMUu the American territory. jofaMi them. General Hull's eflicial dispatch proves the eflbrtsbe mmfe t6 procure otiien; who, be bitteriy compfauns, deceived "ind deserCed dMti 1,^.^ m 133 him : and tim Americib General Brawn's favitatfon to (he 9b R^ lodiant, whilst he conuMnded at Ogdensborg ; as well as HMe lildlMii; generally, being invited to §• to WaMtgtcn and other jdae^, toMd con/ereneea, are further proofs of what I assert. Yet, aflter'aB thttie efibrts to seduce the Indians, the America govenmkent has the efflroii- Uay to talk about Indian assistance to us. The reason why dtey do not succeed better *.o their plans of corruption is, that the Indhns biti Kixperieneed their deceptions and treachery too often to trust them, h auy case, but (luit of necessity. The rule of the United States, res- pecting the Indians, is, ' that might makea right.' They oonuder them as an inferior and unprotected class of beicgs, and act aeeOfd- ingly. " The Indians, as well as the loyalists of British America, are objecta o( deadly democratic hate, as the speeches in congress plainly erinbet indeed, the views of the Am^iieail government seem long to havo pointed at a systematic plan for extermiHating the I nHt no if not af- weyi by open forre, at least by an insidious policy, which mait ope> rate to that effect : and the fercc of the attempt made to ehriliee then, so much vaunted of m Mir. Jefferson's cant, was merely to deceive, sOkl l^n applause from foreign nations, who were ignorant of AmerictUi practices, and of their Indian laad swfaidlhig. Of this, the fiiinmu chief Tecumsecthf who unites the greatest wisdom with the most de^ termined valor, was to well aware, that he had been long endeavour* ing to form a general league, to prettrte IndUm rigktt and lepits^ Ambkicak injustice; but which, pievions to the war, oum go- vernment, from good (aith and delicacy to the United States, deielinMl giving countenance to, and on all occasions recommended pette ; which sentipent, the British traders, in conformity with the rishes of this government, and in furtlierance of their own interests, re-echoed to ibe interior tribes. But the moment that America decltted wur .ji^ainst Great Britain, the idea seems almost universally to have flashed ^pon the Indian mind, like lightning: that the moment was arrived for cedress of the deep ityuries inflicted upon them by the United Slates : ond, consequently, they embraced the British cause hi the ML persuasion that they had no permanent hope but from British success and JjMtice.— Thus every motive combhied to stimulate tfkem to aid in defending their and ovk lives and propcrtfes t^ imt Amerhnn ambitimi and rapacity. M di A fa ai w< >i» m te til of ex *k 01 iHI or «i di ti h % Iitdnttn> |teet, to Add tXUbak rby titeydo Indians btv^ ust thsnif b States, ics- liey consider actaceoidL a, aie objects ainly etiiR:«t long to haT» M— if notaM icb moit ope* civilize them^ deceive, and t of American s, the ftmmu 1 the most de«* Ing endcaToar- iti and reprrsi war, oux go- States, deislhrtd 1 peace ; which rishes of this 3, re-echoed to decltticd war to have flashed nt was arrived by tte U^ttfd anse in the AiA British siicccss te them to aid JRst Aiderioui Ids ** Under sodi dnuaMtaaees, had we, ftom my abmrd or fiutidioiu Mn^lea, nyactad tMr assistanor, it woald bat* been holdiiH; out a pnpimi for tbefar tunung againrt ns; for, as an Indian cokf lately ob» aarved^ that* is no such wordin their Unguage as netUrai. Tbcj ua> d arstaa d not its meanvg — they linow only of /riemi or foe. But an iinaifweiable argooMnt b, that we mid the JbuUtm mre not attacking American rights, but defending oor own— we seek not the ounatural foe, but he comes (in maiiy cases above one thotutmd miles,) to mvade and «iNlavc both of us. By what law, therefore, of God or man, tm we to, be prevented from employing those who have so deep a common iotarest in our defence 1 aikl cqiecially as we are at three thomeand auks' distance irom the mother country, which unhappily has been temporally blinded by American cunning and hypocrisy, whereby, for a time, the Canadas have been left exposed to the attack of a population of ten times their numbers. " The Americans a^t to reprobate the Indiau mode of warfare ; hat look at their onm practice, which will be seen in General Hull's exterminating prodaamtkm, and in General Smyth's offering a price /cr lUf tft^.^eoeh Imdian killed : and further, in the foct, that thejErcC ooolf, this war, was taken by on Ameriemt oeout, at the river Canard, Mar Anberstbnrg. Look also at all the American Newspapers, from Ohio to Georgia* wherein will be seen stated, «« moitere of eouru, the Ituming of Indian villages and corn-fields, wherein they boast that sick and wowided Indians were consumed— and that so moajr eealp* were hffUfght mfngf m tr^ipAiM.— The house of a Kentuoky miin in gNierally iMMmentcd with some Indian scalps. The American back-woods m^ go to bunt Indians* as if they were vf ild beasts. " The Americans, in their public capacity, behave with equal ii\jus« ^a. Goiteraoc Harrifon* j||18M« with an army, tpsat across the In- dian line fixed bt solbmn tbbaty, without any previous notifica- timi, to attaak the Prophet^s town, whidt he fomf , after, however, be- Jatg made' te pay deariy fiw his treachery. " Admitthig, however, there, may be some instances of the masaaere of a fondly by Indiam^ it will be generally found to have been such as had encroached upon their territory, estabfished by treaty : — ^but what comparison, in point of atroci^, b there between sueb, and the AlaSe- tytfe purpoae of extemiflirtka, which b evinced by the burning of In- !^^ villages and Gom.£c^dsb and driving tribM fiom their hunting grounds I To aW at stac^g or expatriating a whok people, b siyei^ more bcinona than UlHag a few inlividmii. Aneiican eMroacbments 134 i»eiieteooflaeAt9«Mi|Mnlm TI«fMM«4'to> tlM'llMWM«^vfaeie i iMM oTpeeuUtrand iNMwIiiiitviltah^ hM b«Mi exMbitMl. . ■'*• AttotbeAMriMoftpnctbiag wlwiiiMyabet to nptolNrttt it might be mflkieBt to mt the proof ttMsraof apoii lh« Ai«t tkgf mdftHg knha end tomakmoktform frt tff the tpifmmtt fftke we d t mmi ' Htia, ttid that the MrtridgM of all thoir loMieN, ragwian, and othen* ■re nftade up *^ «M Ml Mrf (*>M farlr a*«r. " In their aeeouat of tiie hffe inenftion bio Lowtr Canada Sy Colo- lifel Pyke, one of their regular oflioers, some of their i»nen Mat*, tbit tiiey burnt a hnt occupied as a ||uard boose, at Odie towii^ m kiHl n Hitjf hoaH of eoiuiimimg famr trfiwe InditM, whtote ho|ie»they ptetend- «d to have tbund amongst the enben. This was Iklse, as tht wbolo escaped ; but it proves the AnMikao practice, mind> ■nd iM^ ** strongly as if it had been true. *' It is a memorable fact, that since the commencement of the war, llOCBUBLTrHASBKBNOOMMITTBD BY TUB InDIAMS ; bot, OD the contniry, at MiebiiimaliiBac, Detroit, Upper and Lower Canada, they hate been confined within the strictest bounds of bttouo^ty and moderation, * although previously threatened by OeneMl HbII whh no quarter. And nothfaig cau more strongly cvinuc the duplicity and want of candor in the American character than this further fcet, that noae of those who owed their lives to ImHan Ibrbcaiunce, under the guidance of British humanity, have ever had the honesty^ pubHcly to acknowledge the Act, or to publish a contradictioB to the bareiheed Mseboods daily drcttlated in the American demoeiMtic papers, (iacludlDg the govmi* ment paper, the Nttitmtl Intelligeneer,) ^bout cruelties committed by Indians, under British excitements. And although thousands of American militia-men have, after captuic, been snffned hnmedhitely'to return home; yet, hi no uistasce has a Canadhm ndUtia^um, in eithet ' It is with peculiar satisfiusdon wo find oar Indian aUias» Dotwidi^ standing the wrongs they have, suftred, still pursuing tlm same line of conduct^ in proof of which w« quota the lettetlwm, M4v^g•neral P. Rnll, to LieuteDaDt-gencral DnunnMnd, dated| Nii^ira Ffontier, Fort Erie, 1st January 1814. See the liondon Oa*ette, 86|h ,?e^>ruary 1014. *■ IJeuteoiint^olouel Elliot in this, as wellasop otberoccasuNq^is en- titled to my highest commendatioaji, for bis imiw^d acthrityas supftruH teodant of the Ihmak depanment; and I am happy to add, that tbiougb his exertions, and that of his officers, «• dti if trutttjf, $» f0t ** t tmH •« Ivfaeie iti, it «lati,tlttt of tke war, Ni; but, OD wer €utMte, wnaiyiy ud Hull irhb M pityuNl wnt et, tiMtOOM thegnkiaiic* ■eknowtedgt llaehoodtdaihr Dg tbvgovm* conmittffd bj tlHHiMMdS of iMMdkrtely'to I, ineithtt illin^ Dot«rid»T • sMD* line of patniP. RwU, ier, Vmt Erie, ccesionufi is eo- riijrtB superiiH \f tint thnw^ /^ u t anU fia> thak 0«4 th> w h i l i — ili i t iMlloit.tl^ art ooospioootu, «• InotRofGenetniSa^th's iainooe proeianntioM^-he eaya, that, on hit eMMriag Canada, penons and properly ibould be p«ot«rties, al^gh not a militaiy mate; it however ft^pteved^ kftetWards, that he had been emplpyed as a Torpedo-man. The conduct of the Americans in thla litotUM^ It very «!0ni|klc»«08< ae it ik w«M httbwd) thatfimn the district of WtqpM ik«t»» thtfhWueaffMdoff about fifty men who were CivUiaiu, atid had ntHt t^Mn up arma daring the War.—Maay of them above skty >ear8 of age, win dragged ftmta tb^ fields and houses, and are now kept in rigMOUs oenfinenent in American prisons; though, on the occiipatioq i|»f that district by the American army, the inhaWtante were requested by dtor commander-in coanwa bout ■■ ■■ git tin V— m H ii win ii n ^ t tliy iwM ^ take Moatnal at their own cipenK, if they AoaM be alMwi Iha plinder of to. They turn got ioim Imjom «b— t i mm km that will at leait check, if they caDnot wholly coic, their «qity boaetkig m \ Of the eftowter y of the Aawrieaa g oe we at, caa aay in poiat be adduced than tbiel that at the tfane thqr were nakiag ao nweh nolle about $m Hemy being caiployed by Sir JaaMt Ciaig (altboogb mtnfy t» ekate h^armMon about their dengni upon CanadaX they were then, and have been liaoe, oetMjf tmfltgbig a§mUmti^fk$ to corrapt and mould the people nf the Canadaito their views, by oiganiiing a eyilcin of treason and oppoaition toitho provincial govenuneots, and b procuring infonnation in conteaipfartieB of their invasion and conquest of these provinces. Witnns the traitor , who had been soom years engaged in snph praetiees, but who, uirfbrtunately- lor ns, escaped freaa Ufqier Canada, and Mrmded hie merited fiite^ when Detkoit was captured, by escaping in disguisa, ■ ' ' was one of many, but the prooft of his guilt are the stcoaigest. ** Another instance of that eirasitery will be Ibuod in Hull's prO" clamation, which was coined Ipr him at Waahiogtoo, wbciein b held forth a public invitation to the people of Upper Canada, la f*M«f « thing but disgiace, <• Tlie people of the Canadas, in s|nte of the arts used $§ ifftkn tkmt have nobly done their duty to their king and t q m t tf y- ^ Wbll spectacle can be more gratifying to ^ mother cenntiy, than to see that her faithful colonies, although invaded, a»it were.1^ a«prise»nnf| at a time when the govcmnwnt at bonw waa pni lie d by Aasericaa hypocrby fMid cunfiing, in making delusive piopeeils'ar^ont pteaec, av^ ivben the Americfin governp s ent knew, tb^t Ihi nation btd ^ ^aadt full in combating thf ennay of asmdUpil, ^M jret, npdfr aU these di»- advantages, beenabl^ sp^gloripusly .to.iMkt,.witb«flM|>t, tbft ticf«kfnMi| foes aided only by a jMice cstablisbiaent of regular troops, ctnsisting, -^tamlVMKnC^ - m tAifcwItt Crdg to itiBphrtHM the traitor (bat who, ivoicMI hit n disguiM. ttHWgeit. HuU'ipnK iMiniilwld ■fUMt lltt ttt Jkofl ■ (Mr rail : ptemeditat* NMldtria^aa totliOB ■••' id ftf 4vMf itry. Witt iliM to iM ty Amnkam it ptoec, wT Ultl|«M«U»> h CODliiliDg* It J»Mi l—iii n hnHbX •■ bnfctadimalUMf **8ai«ly vum MOVHU covjitbt will, 1U§ wptimg, it«|»|ibftb M httamn her. for the iMivnmoe of eoioniM iahabitod by paoptr to ■ofhorioiM, ond mdmd OBdopw d hat of thtir iotrinuc vbIm to Iho nation* vhkb it fcsjr rkmI*) doaWy iateiwthtf froai ooatahiiag thoM hiydteMid thdr dtoewdntib «1m>< by iMviog Morifieod thiir aU to tho AoMrioui feheUiM, for rtf w iM M it to their kiof end cowrtiy, an* •till KleatleMly puiMwd by Aawrieaa aaibitioB, as olyeete of piUaga a«d eatnaunatioM; aod which also ooatato a brave popalation, partly Bntiah bon, but tke g n a l tr p ra p erl jw d nem i U firmm mm eneinMi ri a afe , who, m liakiog their iSMrtoaei with thoM lo]^*i«t> and aativo Britonc, eaahite their eaertioM for the coauMMi defooc^ aad ipani at the iatidioM oim of Aiaeiicaa ftatcmiaalioB. And fiurtbcr, that the will atep forth for the delifcrance, from Atnerieen doaihiatioa and in. JBstice, Of THoas f AiTHfOL iNDi AXB, who have the ttroogest elairaa npoD our national justice, honor, and haoMnity. Indeed, the eiaiaw vHmXL secBi paraatoont^ and a stronger eonbioation foraction cannot be conceived: theidbrf none can doubt Thew ptteta are tariMd ii^^ Mtftfary ifeffMft, at the plea* dMtt of the Aneriean govcmflMat, to the lamediate a nu oya n ae of tiM iMttuM, end to their ultinMte mbjagaiioa. «'•* SUtk, OhatmctioBe and ettbunMMMnts of variooe Mnda had been long thrown in the way of Britbh traders eoufaig to them with ■appliee; and finally, those tradere were altogether prohibited fWNB hriaghig their rappliee, by hwfl (namely, the no»4mportatioii, Mii« interooarse, Ac.) to which the Indians iNvv Napnrlfr« t notwithstuidlng they were, by treaties made by then as indepandent aatioas (and Miemnly sanctioned by America), maintained in their tight of inter- wnwa wi lh the British traders. ** Sevmik, That neftter the feelings, fatteicsts, mr rights of IndhuM, are at all considered by the Aii'iiluaw ; bnt, M Ae oonlrary, are studionsly outraged and violated on all occasions, whieh wd na ai Ifca natives to despair. ** It is needless to go further into ^auention of the wroi^ sytlem- atieally practised against the Indians by America i but, it is a cttftaiM fact, and worthy of serious considentioni that these sturdy advocates (the Alt. .ricans) for nentral rights against belligerents, were not ashamed to illustrate their theory by a most shameless practical invasion of the rights of Indians, who arc Independent mtions, and completely fieutral in the contest between Great Britain and Frauce; and thtoat a time when America, still pretending to maintain neutrality, and to act as a non-belligerent, was, by one of thiNC very acts, faivadfaig neutral Indian rights, in defiance of their own principles, and of positive stipnhition. «< Let it be dierved, that m speakteg herein of the AmerieaAs, I mean tike democrats of the United Stat^, who compose a great m^ rity of their population. That couottry Miqr-estionably eontahm • great homber of able and honorable aiett; but fie Mm «f « Mrttuh puiy there is atsnnf. The Federalists, no doidtt, Widi tSreat Brihdii to prevail over France hi the present contest ; hot tbey are oor friaada ct tkili they iufnip* I, tfirliieli tbepk** oftiM MlNlt Mm Othemwitk iritlMttfidtag Htioat (and (ht of inter. • of lodiiMt Boolfary, «m i is * curtaMM rdyadvocttM e not ashamed tical invasion id comptetaty e: andtbteat rality, and tn tetf. infading Iples, and of Amerieaito, I agiaattti^ ly eoolafaM • Gfcat BHialii re oorfHtada 199 in M fiw only aa will pw ala Ihair party ikmu, whMa they wonld not wraple to andaavoMT to hnadbic their laotharoonntfyt wUmm tktir J n lmtHg in tguH^Htm alMf tim Ukimg tfmm^mm frig^. " I iiinr that I am baoomhig tfafasome, and most condodo, bnt not befora rabnittiag to yon these questions, after a perusal of the forego- hig obaemtiona. ** On theio be a donbt about the practical as well as abstract right of caployhig the Indians hi oor and their defence ; and is there not noir an iaperions naccsaity for asanifestiog to America, by every prae* McaUe means, our power of ponqieltiog her to do them and us jus- ticel " Can then be a Briton now so loait to all fcdmg and sense of nn> tional honor, as not to be roused to indignation, when the motive, the tune, and all the circumstances of the American declaration of war, as also their practice under it, arc taken into considenition T ** Can America, as a nation, be at present considered in any other light than a parricide, deliberately aiming at the life of her parent; and that, to promote the trmmph of the mbkcilkss usubpsr who is deso> latmg continental Europe t Surely Heaven will punish, even m this worid, a conduct so superlatively unnatuial. For the ftetswithhi stated I pledge my veracity, and Irave you to make such use of then as you shall judge OMist conducive to the cause of truth, and of ov% coMMOH couNTiT, at the preMBt alanning criua !" rti*^