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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commenqant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une teile empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: la symbole -^signifie "A SUiVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmte A des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, an prenant le nombre d'images ntcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. ire. ] 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ® SPEECH (in HON. M. M^- [cGLERNAND, OF ILLINOIS, I ON THE OREGON QUESTION. DELIVERED IN COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE ON THE STATE OF THE UNION, JANUARY 8, 1846, WASHINGTON : rRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE DAILT TIMES. 1846. »- ^ _. -JL. /I \ J S P E E C U In slip ('(.miiiiUiv ol' tin Wlu.lt: ii|upii llii> siair ot' llin I'liimi, .lonii.iry .'-■. l>lt"i. uikhi the M- iawiiiir resdlutinii iind aiiiciiiliiK'iil : " Mr. ('. .1. lnj;orsiill repttrtpd from llif Ciiu initlcT c.n Furci'^'i'i All'iir^. I'n' fi.il'Avintr riMilu HDD, t.) wit : •■ Iti'snk'id III/ //if .SV(i(i/<' mill lloii^i' iif lir jireseiiMins i/lhr Ci'ilid Stalv.i o/\/»i.'riV«. ii, Cim'j;rexH iinsnuhlril, 'I'iiiil llic I'lcMdi'iit of Uic IJiiilwl Sialis t'ortliwiili r.w.-if lujiicf to I't' sivcii u, tli(> UDViTiiiiienl 111' Uu-.a l!rii;iiii, ilial_ llic i'onviMiU:iii hciwrn the rniii'i! Sluti- iiini (ireat^ Briuiin ■•oiuvrnin^r ilu' li'rrit'ry iif (.)rrsfiMi, ut' Aiurust (>, \!"iiiors, and amidst mucli cvcitcmeni. alter .ss^ed no cunstilutioiial aii'horily ij enact such a liieasuic, as a l.iHi — second, adiiiillinn =i.c!i aaiiiorny t,i oxist, that il wonld be ine.\|iedienl t" do ^^o.— Disseu*'ng from Uuili of these objeciion.s, I will (said 31r. McClernand,) ar.cordinij to the be.st of my ability, endeavor to answer and rebut them. Upon the i|iieslion of title to the Oregon Territory, 1 have but little to say, otherwise than inciden- tally; that question is as far settled as public ininion in this country can settle il. The peo- ple and the Governme'nt in all of its departments which have spoken u|)on the snbjecl, have affirm- ed the validity of our title. At the last session of Congress 1 expressed my views npou the sub- ject at large, and I hope not without some suc- cess in elucidating it. I believed then and 1 be- lieve now our title to be valid and exclusive, and assmninff this position to be true— lobe establisb- wl, I will pass to ihoconsideratioiiof lluM|m>st on immediately under consideration. The third Ar- ticle of the convcniionof O; tijtt, 1818, bclweeii the L'iiite.l Stales an I IJre;,! lUiluin. provides ■•thai any co'iiilry that may be rl-iimed by either parly, on ibe. norlhvve-it cu.i^t i.l Ameiii-a, ■..■e-.>v.,ircl id' the Sioiiy mmimaii.s. siiail, loirelli- er with ii.-i harlmrs. Imv^, and cireKs, and iho nn-iyaiion of all rivers within ihe same, be frco and Mpi n for the term nl' l. n year.s from llie data of the sionalnre o!' the present coiiv. iiliuii. to the vessels, citizen-!, ami subjecis of the luopow- I r?i, O..C.'' The (M!ivenl';u;i liivWii"-. llM.-sa:ne. pa'liiS, ot Anenst, ls-,j7, iii it?, first arti.'le.-'ipi, iaii « : "All ihe provisions of liie ihiril aiiicle of i lie conven- tion conclmleii iMiween ilio I'nited Slates of America and hi>nia.iesiy the Kin- nf llie I'liited Kiiivrdoni of (ircui Hiiiain and ireiaihl,i>n the •.iUilMd' (October. I^l^^, shall be. an I they aro hereby, fnrihi.r imli fi'dtely extended and con- tinued in force, in the same manner as if .all the provisions of ihi ^:ud ariicb were hi i in Hpeci- lically recited." 'Die M.cond arliek of the latl( r eciivcntlon provides: '• Il sluill be competeiii, Iuam ver, to either of the coiitrieiiii'^ par;iis. if. las.' either should think lit. at any time a.'tt • li.e -^Uth t-f Ociolier. l.'^'.if'', on oiving t\ui' notie. oi twelve months loiheoilnr eon'raciint'(lit'iii in irivc this niilicc; and if in the mir lonii nr ihi- uthcr. Ihr Prrhl not iiivc hci'd lo ii. — fiitl it has no iiuurr lo ori!i;in(ilr, or to rnnriir in a Ir^islittire iirorcidiiiu:, wliiihrr in llii: form (if joint rcHolvtioii or liill, to authorizr this nolire to he iri'i'PH. It run neitlirr ixire nor withludd power tn that f.nil. " ll is cimcenh'd tliai the PDiiciirrpiicp dC tiic H(insi> ill a rcsnhitidM. or hill, aiitliDriziiiir this iioticp, would not in any dcirrpo alVccl its va- lidity. But iln adoption '"/ //if two ihiiarlmcnts of porcrnmcnl. in the form of a iciriilalive pro- ceedinfr, would Irunnfer it from the trentfi inahinu; to the. lav'-niakina power, and in this mode the incidental, hut important question, whetlier the assent of two thirds of the Setude ivould he neces- sary, mifrht he eraded. ll would also tend lo break down 'he partition of our e;oi'ernnu'nl «mo»j^ various liranches, hij miaunolitical science, as a special one, to the cdiistitution. In either (loint of view. I affirm the competency of Conrrress lo act upon the subject. Tho powers of govern- ment are usually apportioned among three de- parinicnls. The Executive which is charged with the execution of the laws — the legislative which is charged with the duty of making laws and the judiciary to which is assigned the duty of expounding and administering the laws. To neither one of these departments, distinct from the others, does the treaty making power naturally appertain — wi'h no one to the exclu- sion of the others does it harmoniously blend. — It rests upon no positive authority which can give it an operative energy upon national sover- eignly, but finds its sanction and efficiency in the necessities, consent ?nd faith of nations. It is a ptiwer sni Q;enens, blending itself with gov- ernment asa tc/io/e, rather than with any of its bran- ches or cluiiiciit.iry divisioiis-^it opiral('.« hy ron inirl, and hiihU liy the niiioiis n\' murnlilii— W'licri'I'ore then can il In' projl; riy classeij with III!' c-icciilive ;iiiN' lil'irc than W llh ihc h'lfislatuii oi till' jiiiiici.n . . lO \\\\\i till' latter, any ni'in lliaii willi llie i\:v\.[ir. 'The liiilli is. ilic /(>r//i.> (if its ('.I'MVi'.-r iiuif>i lie aeeoriliii's in I'l^' prinriplis and oruirniiiciii. Till' roiiitilllli. II ni' llii' I '|ii!c(l Stales, sn fur iiiipdifii s lliN '^1 ni T.'il prini'ipli . :h lo (li'liM_iati' .'in rxclnsivi' aiiihoriiy to the President and .Seiuiit lo mahe trralirs; liiit in anothi'r clause it in el' I'cct delegates a eo urdinaie |)ower to ("oi!!>res>, Ui nhroirale them, ll declari's that '• llie law^ of lh(! United Stales which .shall lie made in pursuaiiee " of the coiisiitulioii. "ami all Irealies made, or which shall he iiiade niuhr the aiitho rily of the L'nile — It c. pi rale.-! i)y foii lilt' riiiiiiiin III miirttUtij.— it lit- |ir«i|li'rly ('1;ih' tlio I'rcsidfiit ami Srnaif I ill aiidttii'i' clause it in ct' ifiliiiati^ power to ('diiiires!* I (leelari!?* that '• llie law> s wliieli ,'sliall In' made in iisiitiilidii. "aim all treaties I lie made under the aiitlio lates, shall l)e the sn|)reiiic 'retilies thereCdfe.are jjlueed ii<>' dt" iitltcr laws, and like d he the " /{iijnrmi: law of )\\ is the pdwer (if ('(niirress ami? The eons iiutidii de- Idlire pmi'cru lirriiii 'jrtmled I ('(iiifcrpss (if the United tlierrlnro, hy virliK^ of this with a leijislative jtuiadifi- lie terms of tlir eonstitiition ir system of sioveriiment. — y annul a trmtji — being a ■ssly exehided from the for- Ir is limited only in the nd that only in the instance enary power to abrogate all iir in the form of treaties or 'nt. siihject of course, toany ve bei'n loflfally vested under f this power and u|wn this ess, in 1798, al)roirat<>d the rf eommerce," and the trea- letween the United States KinsT of Kranee. of Febni- et after reciting the causes pse words : " «c it enttcted House nf UepriMutiUiven of f Jlineriea. in Consp-ess as- [Jnited Slates are of right, from the stipulations of the onsular convention, hereto- 'een the United State? and le same shs!! not henceforth ly obligatory on the govem- the United States." It is , whether the President and , abrogate a Iti w of Con'fress. ng special and forming an ;eneral legislative grant, it n doubtful whether they can ive enactment. The po\yer ! reciprocal between the trea- branches of government. — ly "decltre tear, and grant ind repri»i;l." This ^Hjwer I t i (!Videiiily (■:nriis \\il\\ it iliil nt' iiniinlliin; trea ties; t'dr war ami a Irealy nl' aiiiity eaiiiidl exisi helweeii the same ptirties at th'> sipie lime. Cuiivciiii'nci'. it in true. Mr. Ciriiriuaii, iiiiijlii elect the ['resident and Sc-nle as the iu.iTc ap prepriaic ;c_ri'nls to make treatii's. Iiui the iiiie rests of I'lnlry .•iiid tin' s'\ri'iy of iis iii.-titii linns wnoM III' nn douht.as will Muii'."rvcil liv vest iiig a I'l iirli'iale p.iwcr \<> a"iiiil tin lu in ('on gr.'ss. [''or siii'!i a pnvp.ise. such a Indireuieiii n|' power would, dduliljes.s. h.. as s;i!', iiiul judii inus, as In llie mure aris'ueraiieal and less res|>im-il)!i' eiiiiiliinaii.in III' the I'n sidenl anil Senate. .Minn dani evidences uf the trnlh ".llliis asserlidii lu.'iy tie fduiiil in the histiiry of the enuiilry. One in stance I will here iiieiitinii, rcservinir others liir a place in .iiMller part df niv speech. Cducress passed a law in Slarcli. I^!!',!. ailtlinri'/inLr llie Pre-ii'ienl •• In employ, at his discrriinu, the en tire naval ami iiiililary Inrces el" the I'niied Stale . and any )iirtiiiii nl' the inililia of the rnii.it Slates," and alsi placid at hi; dispusal, $10,001). 1)110. I . enldrci'. hy anus it' necessary, diir rii^rht to esclnsive jirisilicliiiu over that pari of Maine then in dispair helween us and (ireat Britain. Vel in .\uiriisi, 181'^. a treaty was eonclndi'd hy the I're.-idrnt and S"iiate, with that |viwer, which nnlilii'd the palrinlic decree df Cloiiirress, which iliiueiuliercd Maine juid .Mas sacluisi'tls. of :;.'2()7.f^OO acres iif free s li! — which traiisli'rred a puriiuii nf the free citizens of the I.-iiited States, witlinut llieir consenl, to a foreign mnniirchy, which lost to us the mduiilain range won hy the revolutidn. and retained liy the Irealy of peace, of 17^'3. as a I'arrier .'iiraiiist in- vasiiin. and which expn.sed nor nortlicaslern frui tier to the frowning hatteries and tiirniiilahle :m' maments of a e.inliijuiius rival IVoiit r,al or ranacily mi'iht dictaie — they were liable to he ' re.piired to (ii^rlii ihi' han'es of their coiiiilry; yi i 1 were denied even lands I'nr their baliilatiou in I the lerritories < |iiered liy iheir valnr — the I pmfils nl' war were appropriated as the spoils nl j viclnry hy the paTicians. ihey Were denied ihc I riolil dl'appeiil iiiuh I the I'lilirian hlir, fr.iiii the i ilii,|nst and cruel iii(|i.riiii lilll".') '.IIIIKil III Ml t'x' Ill«titlll1ull III' llll' ilit('niMr>il'.|i \u.s 111 I'Viiilr iln^ " \'ali'iiiiii Inw <," and t'l re < ^mI.I ^!i Mil I iil'iniii'il aii!lii plilriciMi- , nvrr llir |)li'li iiii-i. I'vi'ii wIIiiiiiIk- [ifiriii'i^i .ni appeal t.i iliM I'.iiiiiiMiii.ill) '-.Mini' I lis ilmi hiw was rrniM M;i waUln'i- 111' llie imhsuU. ihil rriiiii Ilia I of ll>',:ii'\\ iiiaiiiMir.ili'.'' |i was also is taliJiHliiii 1 ii lIic |iir|iii>i' 111' riiiici'iilialiiiij; ill llit- liaiiils il i.i,( iiiiiii, a urrali r ci.iurnl hvit llir is- Kiii's i.r ji li'i' mill war, aii lliaii a thoiKand yir.s, ilie uniiilfr mid rival ol' \U" in dcpoiiili'iu hltitrsil' Iviriipi-. on r|ii:ili>il a di'imid rni\v, ai'ilai niiij' lior lavvi thrmiiili ijn- rnuciii of tlii> |iri.|.|r. and al'lrr variiiiit< pnliiieal vii-issi- llldislrlla liiaiilrsf. crnid. c ifriipl . ami Ivraii- niiiH iiliiTir di\. t'li;irli's llie |sl. det'caicd In Ids piirp'.tscs iif iiiakiiii.r liimsiH' li\ tlirro, nn aiwii lute I'ri'uc, li II ii|>uii llll' siiiiaiiein uf cili'i-iinir his ol'ji'i'i l.v III runvr ilie jiiri-.ili('li.iii nf lln' riril in l!io sp'iil'^'ll I'liiirls. nC wliich lallir lie was llic brad. And in iii;r iM'uilrv Xicari'iiei ui'.ji (Hit irstaii.' A ii'Miliiio- III jiki- ri'snjts. \Vc liavi- had una: I III laiiK.liv whiidi a cnrporatiiai of the filerd 'i'V. lias Iki n iMiahltvl Id nc- .: nf till' lands of siiviT- (iovriniiirnl ilsidl', lln- piwrr iiiai ori'ai'il ine CMii.iraTinn, is pr.ilii'iiii-d in rUtcl Ipini ai".|niriiiLr ianils wiiliin iln' liniiu of Ihi' Slaif s. Iiy virfin- nl' that idaiisi' of llic con stitntiiin wliiidi proliiliils to it llii' exprcise nf jii- risdipliiiii iiVM lands within tliiir liiniiH i'\ci''))l with tliplr ciiisciit. and fif llic piirp'isc nf (<|'(t1- incr f'ljiiii and ntlirr tn'iill'iil pii'die iMiildiiiirs. — iiow siill t'artiii'r 111 f xii'iid the I'lipniadiincnls of roiircn iMii li p'lWer it is prii|iiisi.(1 tu raise ihe Presiili'iil and Saiale in snpreinaev ovrr iheenn- stilniiiaial ainliorily uf llie leiiisialnre. tu ileiiy In the piipiil.ir liraaeli nf ('uiii.rriss. llie riiilil In dc- iiiaiid and parlieipale in llie aliroijaliiiii o!' a per- nicioMS triaiy. 'l'li(> i.i.'n'.liMnan frniii Suiilh Carolina (Mr. llhi'll.) I' lio addressed iIh' eoininit'ee llie oilier day in iip;)iisition lo the iioliee, eliallenirpil the friends of ilie nie.isiire to show w liy il i^lMiild lie passed — lie asked with a seeiniiiir air of triumph, what mv'd ri'asoiici eonid be assiirned in lis Iw half 1 'I'liere are many. sir. s aiie of wiiieli, iiiost iiiipnriatii in niv estim" ,n, ! will endeavor to exiiiliii. First, Orejnii is oiits. every ineh ours from ll.e Vl^ lo the ^>\° Id', north "lalilnde in- elusive, and heinir ours, the hoior and interests (if the eoiiiiiry reipiire that we si o ild take pos- session of It. 'J'lio Amcriean title to Oregon he I'lieiil quire iinnieii ci!Xii Siaiis, iKsls n|Kiii several uroiiilds- 'In ii'^dilsol dis (MVery l>y the rnitid Siaies and Spaii,, ,uid tin pre-iK-eilpiill.ai of the lerriliay liy hi'lli these pnw I IS us ayiiinsi Kitiland. I 'p. I i llie periiul nf tin views of s line ueiiili liii n. a divided jiirimliiliiiit liver the Wiinle tiriiliity. Sliiiiild .i|i'li a i-'ilidi I linn of lliinys fe euniiiined.' Oiicrlii it not lo In ■ Il rinilialed.' NVlieii did (ireai Hr'l:;!ii (.'rant a 'loiiil iisnl'riiei and a divided jnri'i.!'! lion in her , lioiniiiions? Never. He pdlii'S hasliem to ;ret ; all and yive iiolhiiiji'; In ',;rasp .all i all iiial indi , vidiialily williiii llll lirii;al limil'- nf a world wide Ivnpire. 1.0 ri fir i Aami le, ii il. ■ ]i|i;nili red and ill Mil.ited p'aiiiM of Af;;li ini-i.in, In llie sinili inu' ruins of the fnrlressof Ileki's I'.ili, in NeVi' Zi aland. (Jieat IJrilain is seeiirinir all slii loiiid seenre nnnin'cs'ed. iinhpi ndenl oi the enii veiiliiiii. She has eslablislied eivil and eriillinal jnri.-ilielin;i over llir eniinlry. I ler snliiei Is liiiiil, in. p. and lisb lliiiiiiiihuil ils II, nils, ibi y are slrip- )i'.ii;i llie binds nf Ihnir I'lnher, and ipproprialiiiij; llie hist lin'alions for llie purposes of e.iiMlia'i'ee ' and a;vriei,'tnie. At \'iineniiver, Cnlville. Nas ' ipially, aii'l nilii r pus's, farms liave been n|)eii(d, ' and wheat, b.iilev and polaioes aie raised in i .■ibiiialanee. At N'aneonver, in piiriieiilar. there ; is a firm iii'.e niib s ^prire, supplied with one biindie.l iiiilidi inus, ibne tlinii-aiid load nf I eallle, two lhn:isa!id live hiindreil bead of sheep. and ibree bnnilred brnoil mares, ii|| the properly i 111 ihe Itriiish I'nirel's Soniid ('ninpanv- ^be j has e-aalilis!ied ibiriv niie f.r's, scatlnred I'mni I ihe I'aeili • lo the Hnel.y Mnimlaias. and from ; Tori ,'MMi|)^on nn the norlh, tn Fort I'nipipia im ihes.intli, wbiebaie irailii-nlnd li\ llir servailU nf ihe Hiid-nii Ibiy f'oiiipanv. and are liable at any liliie In lie ni;|iloyed liy the (i. ViTimielit of (iriat Urilain. In eniiipier l.y J'l rr( , w lial she (Ins llnl jms^i ss by /•/:;//r It has I een her eiin- slaiil pnliey to impress Ihr \nii rieaii settlers in Ori'LT,)!!, Willi llie iiba that any seltleinenis tbe\ iiiijbl make lo the n.irlh of llie C'ldnm'iia, would he i!is])iiss( s.--.Ki if iiecessiry, bv the bavonet. — \\'li;l-l llinse ma.lts lo the sonlli nf the Colnmiiia; in the meantime, slm lii'.s bei ii nee-,;pyiiin- ihe (Mimlry lo the iinrib, (•(invmiiiij.r brr II iiiporary Imis for the piirpns.s of iridiiijx and (i^hiii^-. into anrieiiliiirnl seiileiin nis. and sin ii^ilieiiini;' her nmiieroiis tradiiiir p.n.-.l.-i, by ariniiiir lliern fir the pt rmnnent maiiilenanee of the whole nr a lariie porlimi of the eonnlry. — The efirct ai' ihis p.iliey has bi en and will be, tn eneimraire ihe spirii nf IJiilisb eneriaehment — it will lend In array the in'eresis of American selilers aiTainst their pairinlisiii — ii will disiraet their piir|Kises and paralize their eneriiies. It is a fact to which we cannot close our eyes, that a Inkewarmness prevails 'o some (>xtent in some of the cities n|ion the Allaiiiie seaboard, in reifard lo ibe Oreyjon (piestion. \Vliy is this so? Is it noiowinirto the apprehension that incase of war, iroiimU — 'hr UltIiIs nl dls Sllltt■^ ;iihI Njiiiii,, aii'l llit iciriiiiry li.V I'l'tli lli.sc pim il. I p. Ii ilic pciiml "if llii iiii II. :i iliviilcil jnriiiliilloii lilV. SIkiIiM MI'Ii il Cnlllll iniii'd.' ( (u^rlr it Milt t(i 111 (liil (ircin Hr:i:;iii jTriiiil ;i liividcd jiiri'!.I:< liciii ill licr 1 I'' l'('lii'\ iKi^lirt II to iri't ; I'l i;i;i>i) ."ill i nliMiinl iinli imiid 1111111.-. iit':i wurld widi' I N:ini|dr, t'l ll. ' |i|i illdrrrd I At'ilMni-i.ill, 111 llir sill' K ■s:) 111' ll('l \';'iii'.iiiv('r, C'nlvillc. Nas s. llinii's have liwil ojMiiid. iiul |iiiiai(ii'(i aid raisril in I'imvcr, ill [Miriii'iilar. iIutc sijinri', sii|i|ilird wllli (iiic I. tlirio tliiiii-;iiid Iliad id" llvr liiiiidri'd licail id' slii'e|i, •lid iiiar.''i, all llio pr'ipiTly 's Sii'iinl Company. Slir y iiiiP I'lrls, scatl(>ri'd rrniii ii(d.y Miiiinlaiiis. and from iiorili, )u Vt,x\ I 'inpipia on UMi lii-uiiril li\ llll' siTvaiils foiiipaiiv. ami an- lialdi' at yi'd iiy till! (;, vrriiimiit ot' ii'pii-r l.y /( /•(■(, « lial she i'j.lil. I( lias I I'l'ii lirr con- •s llll' \ini rii'.iii sf'Ulcrs in 1 lliat any siilli'iiii'iils llicy rill III' llll' Cidiiiiiliia, would •f'ssiry, liy llin bavonet. — ■ to lic made iip'iii the South not lie distiirlii'd. I' lias nnlil now, s ii-cecdcd •an sell|piiii>iits In tin' soiilli he niiaiitiiiii', sIh' lii'.s liri'ii y to till' iiortli, (•(iiivfftini.r "or till! piirpoS'S ol' tridini.' •iciiliiiral sclili'iiii nts, and iiMi'roiis trad'ii;;- p..,,- Is, by prnnniiriit niaiiitcnain'e ol' ' portiiiii of tlic ('1)11111 ry. — llicy lias bi c-n and will bi>, ol' IJiilidi iMicriafbnioiit — till' iti'ircsls lit' Anioricaii piirii.iisni — ii «ill disiract ralizf llll ir cncririrs. It is nnot floso (uir cyps, tliat a s 'o Some (>xtrnt in some of llaiilii" seaboard, in rcirard 1. \Vliy is this So? Is it liension I bat iiu-aspof war, A'lii'iii'.ii, hl,i|.,,ii,.^ maylii'driiri'Vi'd-cmiin.'ri-ijlaiii to (ir.'ai IS, nam. An .in, r ri'iisim lor I lie (■ri|.|..'il. Kiiil properly lost/ \ e— tins wmiM j le.iuinali m nl' il,ee',,vent i.. to he found in lie He' aiis.ver. V\ill, may ii n >t be sup. , ilie anxions desiie of oiir I'l llnu- eiii'/.. ,is j„ P"s<'il iliai Vnierie.in emurranis m (►rei.ron. who <)re,,r to be le.'^ie-aled by ,i,i, Ims and liiv.' I -:a!diMied lb- ,ii,> Ivi s on the s.Mitii of ilie | insiiiiitioiis with Uie C, .\, neiii'nt of the I iiiieil < oliiinbia. and wliTise prayi rs t.. llnir irnverii , .Sl.ites. They are u e ni,d md dislieartemd with nietit Inr liroIietl'Mi, h ivv heeii mi Inii^r inu'ked. | the eveilelm iil-i ail I iini , rt;:.iil les of tlie'r l.r.'s Will syiiipiiilii/,. in similar appii hi nsiiiiis/ Iti^jeiii situation. Ije.ir the.n s'leak in their own iMit tiir In rt'ippos-Mi. For this re.e nn. there ! imlile iiml toneliiiiT lai,'.ii,i.r,. i;,r ibenmelves ''"■''•" '",•■" '"•f- 'I' nveniion slionhl be | " A'.rHated bv i1,e iitiniTainliesof „ itinnai dis- lermniated. and the wli.ile of Ore'jon llirou ii I piiles; as.ailabli! fiMiii th- oei an on one snh' and (ipeii I . Aiii"rii-an «.■! lements. I'n ed from ,i|| re- : virroiinded els."-, heie. bv w.ir.ike ImiIuiiis ' •nul Mtraints. |i is iiruud. however. tha< lime will 1 liable to be ernsliedliiim"i v. ,y ..narter; iiin'reov- n.-tiverv Ibltl.riorils. Ilnwso' I nlilnow it !er. imp.lh'd bv Hie -leei s,ity of d.Miestii vern- rtleet I very 'Inti'i for II , „ ,, has eU'eeled every lliiii_r aiMiiisI n-. — liasb;'i'ii onr oreate.sl enemv. A in.islerly ina-'livilv— a slati of (•(.•(/'(((■)7i(l',,vill av;iil iintbl'iiiiii'niinsl lhe-:'-hein iii^r pilii'v and a/tive ineaiiti of (iie.il Urilain. It Would be as viin tiir in to exnt -t to siciirc the .....1,1 -;,.. •■ i I , . iiieiil and iiHi rnal pihee, we l.-ive. a'-eiirdiiii,f t'j ibe iiiiineiii irial iisiiiv o| Aniene.iiiJ, firmeifior onrsi'lvi s, a iinvernnienl. a:id enacted laws, ii|. loriniiiiiii eo'ieerninii- wbiili. his already been Iraiismilled lo Iheseal of oovermn iil. W'e havo , , . I ■-■'-- ^ ... V -..■■ ... ., i.. . II, T^x-iii III ^ve na vo j,'iii(ieii prize ot Orivrni, by„o„ aciii.n, as to snp ; at priseiil. ivsidiiii.r i „„i os, an Indian Anent I"'"*'' '''■"" "f*'i ^^'i" refiiM'si'i run, wiinconm,i..v:.,iie.l by tlieNViuDepai-meni, in whom* beat his speediiio adversary. N.-iiln r will it I resides the only" In I iiali,.iiil a'llhnritv fmn.! avail lis niir-h. m e,iciinra»,. einio.ali'in thither within this territorv. \',iii,- uivimiralhlsi'ttrnvstlti as a siibst.,oilive and snili 'lent ei.'aiis of seeurinu- > ili'sin: to n/i/o'c.vi i/o» witlt II, ■ ilauuc,-^ hi/ irhirli the coiiiilry. (ircat linl.iiii in iImi respeel, pos- i llin/ inv iiir,„iiii':-<.yr,l. ,„rl Ihr iliHirnllies irhirl, abniidaiit means I', eoiinlerael ns. _ S\h'\ iiir/ilcj: tl„„i; in the abs'iiee oi' all ooMTiiment aileijiiate to tli.ir detenee from fiis abroad, and He.s.ses f.m idler the linlii'-einent of eh Tiered privileijes and iiioniiiwdies of trade, to eiicomaire and tnio- | ment c.ni'^rilion; we caiiiint; the nature of onr | iiistiliitions firbiil it. Devoid of this ahlli;\ . we [ slill refuse to oianl bounties of inonev. a rille. an ' iixe, a spade, or any iliin4 el.-ic, to" e.impciisaie ' (or it. The nlinosi veroe of ireni rosiiv ti which | the preserv.ilioii ol' iiilenia! pi ace and order." l''or ihi^e reasons, from neiMves of hnmanily, doty, frieodsiiip. and alliclioii, I would ihrou lbe,i':;:sot'.\mi !.cao lawsoverour brcihreii in ()ie;roii. 1 would fi-:l, should we omit anil lodo so, thai they wer.'.|i:-aili.d. vea.neeessi- .. I . I 11 I ' . I " atiy ireiiiieonii has 11- , 1i:h been to pronmie to I tated to loolv abr.iad, or to ibeirowii in livideality Uive onr e.nmranls lands when ll„'i/ ibemselves j asaii mdependenl people I'.r proleetion. And « hat by their /(»i/(/«c.s- b.ave /icifm/Wi/ cohipiered the li.ive we learned n|ion ibis lain r part already? ?iniiitry. Such mimiliceiice is certainly obli.rinir. l So lono- neo-|ecleil by ihe faliei land, lliev hiiv« It is a Sll!l|li',lalioll of iielll'lli. In ciiijorali : cal p:;rti's already exist n^' ihe einiirranls. Two politi- ind"p"nilence, and therefore, beloiiir to (.in at llritain. What imw ' one of «!iieb is in fivor ,,- :,„,-. , ol her rclalive capacity fir c,iliini'/,alion? Tb- ; llie other of adherino lo tb I 'oiled , Slates*" popniation of Ihe Iwiited States is sp'irce, a few ! ".Many of the .\u,eiicaiis, lieside. a immiier of liiillliins spread over a v asl e\lent of country, for ' the individuals in llie enip;oy of the Ilndson tie most part devoid of any motive to cbannre ' Hay C paiiy, coiilempl.il. ' lee liiriuatioii of their loeilions, except ihai restless and enterpriz- ; an indi iiendeiil irovernnieai. lie (icciiiiation of iitir spirit which aniiii'iUs Ainerlcan fr.eman.— j the whole of the dispntfd lerriiory. and to oh- hniiirration would e.xieniich a. re,nii_t,i prevei^t, tioii she wonid proiiiole her domestic safely, and ■ the eslnldisnmeni ,)f a riv.il e-overnnient npoii at the same lime e.xliiid her doinini.iii.s. Il.r I onr own lionlors. whii b, in the naHir>' of thiiias, popnlali 111 IS fearfully r 'dnmlant: ihc h'lnoeriiio j iniisl become onr en. iiiv ra'be,- than our aUy inassesareslrimulin..r wiUia minbiv .n:,rt to riiPaiid ftieiid, I \vonld urant vn hat is an iustly Iheiii.sclves 111 the horrors and lorliires ..t' .iMrm- , ;,slo'd of ns by ihi cilizens ..f Ureo-on. | would oive tl, ■ liiitiee, no! only wilh ii view to iilli^rior iiieasnns for their protection .-j'^-.iii.st the British Iheiii.sclves of the horrors and tortures ol;.;arva- lioii. Iliimaii sntV.rino is la.xed I'l the last point of eiidnrance. and coiili'di raled l;ln same tiiiilliinan ailiiiits oor title to lie valid and cxidii-ivc. yet lie "ays h^' would not iro til war lo viiiilicalr it. W'lint arc wo to infer froiiilliise inlnruioiiidu-i |ir>ilii.iN ? Notliiiiir else llial I e:ui pi reeive llinii lliat lie would nliandon oor title, nnles-i we could olitaiii 11 ix'acealile recoijniliou ol' it liv (ireat lirilairi — at all (ni'lits. that we ;-lioulil enulliiue the ha r- gtk'ui hy wliieli we ailniiii. J Itrilaiii to ll.e free- dom of Oretron. rallur lliaii rit-ciiid it. and e\ fliidf! Iier from it hy war. Would the ediiis^ or lldly. Unt ueiilieliien say till re is no oieasiou either for fear or hesita- tion, that all may he atlaim'd hy iieLfoliation. — I pull what assiiiaiiee is this iissi rlioii rested? C'erlainly niil iip;in our e\perieii('e. If we eoii- sultlhatasa lest, we liiid thai in i/olialioii has marly iilwiiy.s Ikm n the enii-^e of iiijiirv— the source of (lisasler. Neinitiation has lost us I, inch — would have lust us more, and has ■jnined iis iioihinu. .lay's tnaiy aiitliolized tli(> anomalous rii;hi of foreiijner-i r siiiiuir (dso- where to hold and trnnsmil lauds hy desceul wilhin on- limits— il adniilled Hrilish suhieela to the privile'.'cs of iiiLTress and roress, whilst it (>siduded .Viiiericaii eili/.eiis from the terri' iries ol' the lludsiin's Itav Compiiiy. It d' I stil 11, re—itadmiiti d a 'I'ro.ian horse iiitu the very heart and eiladrl of the niry. Ilnder thi) deceplive inasl, of eiinimeire, it admitted the I'lrilish naval power into the waters of the Mis- sissi|)pi, f'liiii its leiiiiili to its sources, (ireat llritain cuveted thi-: last a"ip.iisitiou as an oli.ii^ct ol' the (list iniporlaiice. She I'nresaw the alteu- daiil advaiil.'i'ies il wnnld seenri^ to her over a yonn;i- hill formidalile rival. American dipliima- cv did not heed so vast ami diirreroiis a conces- sion. 'I'lii^ lluinderiiiir eii'.jiiii s ol' the .lupiter Olympus of America — the immerial Fiiltou. had not then furrowed the turliid hosoiu of the 'j,rvai father of rivers — the course of that miij-hty riyrr was still throinih the daik dense forests which had not yet heen laid low hy the wooilinun|s axe. The red man was unconscious that his native p iwer was to fade hefore llie advances of the pale-faces— that the ijraves id' his fathers us in federalism after tli(> ai!i'|ilion of the present I were to Imcome the seats of cultivated fields and constitution of <.jover nl-lhat upon the ter- I iroi-ireons palaces. These thiii'is- these ninjhty miiiationof the las! war. we found ourselves in a I revolutions were in the dim distance, and Aine- lilic situation. .Ml this uiay he triie.yel.sir.it either proves too much or il proves uolliimr — it proves as much auaiiHi a jiNl war as ari unjust 011(3 — airainst a war of ih W'Wfi' as of sirixression. Vet the fjentlemau would s arcidy si'.y that tlie Revolution cost us loo iniieli hecalise it huvlheu ed us for a jieriod with a dehi and taxes, and the niisrnli; of lederalism. Nor would hr. I presume, say that it would have heen helter for 118 1(1 have borne lonrri>r. and forever, the insult to our fla'JT uiion the hip:h seas, ami the oulraije of impr(^ssinarahl(" injuries at the co.st of an aihliiiou in mir pension list, and other eonsivpiences w hiidi ',f;iv(> hirlh ton Na- tional Bank. Diflerinjr from the o-enih man in the view> he has c.\}iri>ss(>d, I predicate it ;'s the true maxim that our only iiupiiry sluiuld he. first, to hi> "sure we are ri;.rht and then to i!M aliead" — that we nbould "ask nothiny; that is not r'njUl and sub- mit to iiotliiuir that is wioiiir." If Oremni is ricnu (/i/i/oHXifi/. with liedired vision and nii- penetratin.r tiirelhoujjht, overlooked or disre- -rarded them. What further? In 1818 and lS'27, diplomacy, with hlunderiie^ stn|)i(iity, of- fered to smer < )re;ron hy the 4'.tth parallel; eon- cedin'.r lo (ireat Britain the country to the north, lo^elher with the free navicration of the C'ldum- hia. Ill ISl'i. it reoflered the i'.HU parallel; and last, Ihouuli nol lea.st, hy its inciirahle blindness and oblivious didays, has involved our title to Or- euon. oriiriuallv clear, in confusion and doiilit; for it"will he~r(>collt^ete(l that in IHIS. (ireat Britain set up no claim to the joint occupancy of the country- 'The ijreat body of the peojile, and es- pecinlly those of the West, have no confideiici' in neLioliation. They would as readily suhseribe to the truth of the hlarl; arts as to the elReietiey of diphnnntir arts- to the realities of Ht'rr Al- exder's necromancy as to the ability of a minis- ter to settle satisfactorily hy neijotiation the vixed difficulties of the Orenon (jnestion. At their vast assemblages iliey liav(i given unequi- II (if (Inly ii* !>«- ■SH liirwiinl iiH it n til (In I li'MJin- ilii'i' — tVoMi jKirti- UmI tri'tllil'llll'll iir t'i'iir cir licsiiii- b\ iifLniliiiliiiii. — lissi rlioii ri'^ilrd ? iH'o. il' we cnii- I iMU-dliiilifiii lins (■ i.t' iiijiiiv — lliii i Itrri' irn'a ii\. It (t;.; slil irsc iiilii llic viTy iiry. lliiiitT till! , it !ii!(iiiitt'il tho liilcrs 111' till' Mis- » siiiirccs. (irrtil si I inn ;is nil i)l>.iret, liirrsinv till' attcti- 'iiro II liiT liver a iMirrican iliiilimin- irriTlills !l CilllOPS- im III' ihr .lilliilcr iiiirtal KiilliMi. Iiail iiis.iin 111' I hi' ij;rpat ' thill miijlily rivpr nsf liirisls vvhipli y till' wiiniliiian'a 'iiiii^nioiis that his rii ihi' advances of /('s III' his fathers illivaii'i! lieliis and irrs — ijiese itiiijhty iistaiwi', atui Aiiie- I'li visiuii and un- rliiiiki'd iir disre- r? In 1818 and 'riii'^ slii|)iiiiiy, of- •I'.ttli |Kirallel; eiin- iiiiiry III the north, inn III' the ('nhim- 4'.MIi parallel; and inciiralile hlindness vrd iiiir title to Or- isiiin and dniilit; for 818. (ireat Britain iiecii|ianey of the the pi'0|)le, and es- lave nil P(infideno(> as rrailily siihsrribe as III the (iRi'iency liiiirs III" Herr Al- aliiliiy of a niinis- liy neiToliation tho nnun ijtiestiiin. At lavi! given unequi- < >• viioal iilleraiiee lii iliiM Henliinent. At llie Hal- titmire ciinvi'iiiioii they ili niandi'd ilie whule if ()ri"/iin— in my own Slate llnir lianiierH Ifave lieeii Ma/ mill v\itli tlie iiiollois of "(^K^'.l.o^ wiriinr r •i- linri \ noii" — '((// nt- iioiiv" —"iimr nr iirvir " 'riiese are the lionertl niraiit'itliir ward I'luilliiiniis of the p oiile. 'I'lii' pniph- are HoviTeiijii. let their voire lie liraril ami iilieveil. Ori'MTiiii is iiiirH. our tiile toll \-i eslaMiilird "liv irrrrr:eri!;li' lieu and ani'innenls" — ii iloe.* lint tlnTifir'' pri Mi'iit a ease I'lr nrifntialioii and eoinproinis". /' is (ilmrr Ihr iinii'ir nf I'jii'frn III' III. willidiil Ihr (.r;i/'i.«i roilsriil nf llic iinijili . Ill ilisiniinliir i7v Irriilnrirs, nr In Irnnsfir llir id Ir^'iiinrf e/' ih rilizim*. Tlie fiiiirlion of ".ni VI riimi'iil is III priwrve and proiiei Inili — terri lory is llie linir and the people the Irver of irii- verninenl, to alienate iine or llie oilier would ln' to ilesiroy the verv props wliieh support it; sneli alienation wniild lie a violation of the eonlrnel j of iriiviTiiiiiiiit; it eannol trade or ijive away to j a I'oreiijn inri-dielinn either its UiihIr or e'll'izriis. \ 'I'lie sinie i(oe:riie> was avereil liy Mr. Clay | npon the ipe's'ion of the alienalioii of Tevas, iImii'jIi not to tie' same extent, [n IHJI). ns !i iiW'inlier of this lioiiv, he iilVeri'ii the folio\viii'.| I resolution as expressive of his oiiinion : '' Iti'soli'iil, That the Ciinsii'niion of the! lliiileil Slates vests in (yoiii'. ■<■. the power tn dispise of the lerrilory helonirinir to theni; iitid that no trcfttii. piir|i tinir tn alienate any pnrtion thereof is valid, withunt ilio concurrence of Doii- o;ress,'' Texas in thai ease was not different from Ore- ^ron in this. Texas was a mere territorial |)os- sessiiin, Ori'iion i.s the same. If il was wmiiLi- then to iieirotiate iway Texas, ami siieli is the Jnilirinent of llie American p(>op!e, il iseipi;illv wroiicr now 111 iieirotiale awav Oreiron; and if it may he sn|)poseil so nnwarrantahle an ael will ho perpetraied, a correspoiiilin!r ery will he raised to that which was raised in reiiard to Texas, and will He kept up until lost (treiroti is reclaimed, peaceahly if we can, foreilily if we must. Mr. Piilk has also repeatodly affirmed hi< con- viction of the viilidity of our title, and his wil linirness to assert il. In \S'!f.). in the course of a speech upin a hill to ext' ml our laws over Oreiron, he said; "If it shall, at any time, he deemed expedient hy the American Con- gress to pass this hll, or one of ils import, the conran is a plain one ; First, uive the twelve months' nolico that these treaties (1818 and 18-J7) are annnlled and ahrowaled, and then adopt the measure. No nalimial treaty wonld then he viol iled, hecause none would exist. — The national p.iwer is pledijed not to violate the national enua'iemenls. In Ihi. mraii lime, liu wnulil not tn iiennit (Jrcal Ihilaiii, nr (imi poii'Fr on earlli. tn take ejccliisii'r. pimimnii if niuj portion of the cnimtrti. iVo ./(. riirn pouter sliould be permitted to cohnize there. He Hon, II riKiTt.i r riir. miiiirs ok .\>iKUirvN (•lTI/l.>-> TllKHK," In l^il I, in a letter to a iiieelini.( in ('iiieinnali, lie saiil : "Let Texas lie aiiiMAed. iiiid the aniliority and laws of the I'nited Slates he eslaldished .im! inaintaiiied, (W also ill till Omjoii 'Virrilniij; iliil li> Hir Ji.riil imliiii I'l' iiiir (inn riiiiiiiil Iir, iml In pirinit (lii.il Itriliini, nr iiiiij nihir I'lnTiMn jiiiinr, In iililiil It rnlniili.nr linlil ihiiiliiiinii nrrr ilil>l pnr- liin I'l llii pinpk nr Irrrilnri/ nf lilliir."' In his inaie,'nral adilr .s, he declared that onr title to Or.'i.roii was "eloar ; iid iini|iiestional)le;" and in his laie annual mes^.toe he rriti.'raies that •' ()re<_riiii is a part of the North American coniineiil, 1(1 whieli it is "onliilrnlly alliniied; the title of llie 1,'iiite I Slates is the list ill exist eiice." A'.'iiiii. he denii's that the Urilish |ire- teiisions of lille to Oreir.m laii he iiiainlained to aiy pirilioii of the Ore! lii s:i\-: in ji's liii'S- Ki. ihc K'lviy K\ini..riiiinrv ;;iiil Minis!, r Pli>iii|(i!r'ii;ii)r_v >'(0'c VnAvd S';'it,-: \vii< ;i illicrr iz"'i i:i |S'::,l>y lii< jirclrccvs,,!-. i,>„nVr llii'lOli iwrniiil. ;ii: 1 111! frrc n.ivi;:;uiiiii ofrhc (' .!i!iiilii;i. In ''X|i'iiuiti .f tliis ill'iT. in ,.:,y- in 1.; ; iiu'-- siiiTf : " II.iil ilii'i bccM M ii"\v i| i''.,ii.,M. (Mtiiinn; imd^T .lis'Missiim Cr ihi- firsi I'Mii'. ilii;; prupn;). linn w.iiiM nut lia\i< 1 1^1 II iir i,:. '['Iir < Mra ir- (lin:iry .■:iitl w liully in;i:liiiiss:iiilr (IniKiinis of llu' Drilisli (;,ivrnii!ii i,t.:iii.| ih(. i-ni.crhni nftlii' yr >- pisilioii III' I,, ill ,!' f. rciici' :i! hi wlint \r.u\ liccn iliiiir iiy i,iv |iii' •notice now u'v.Irr iliscii>-;:on. and surdi oIIht iiifM>,nrp-5 a< in ihi' iipiniiin urCdiion s:^ nriv te ni-crs:iary t.i irivc cfl'ri'l |., (M.rliili-and |>mIi !• liali t'l onr citizens in ()r,.;.ron. jn ihisi^ iik a auTPs I will c.inlivdlv support him : niv only rc- Srol is liiat tli<^ ['r* -id(>nl did nut.' al'i. i iho ahriipt rcieiiion ol'ihc ol^rorconuiroini.-M' hy the Uritisli .Miiiist.T. say to liini : '• ,Sir. \vc cannot eom|)roiais('. Iicrp lot ns aarreo to waive the tw(dv( nrinths'nottcT'.and tcnnina'c tln-c'iivcn tion." This wimld liavc hccn a conrs.M-imiisti nl with tlu Pr-'sidcnt's opinion ol' onr title, and v.'ilh the dijiiiity and tcnipcr (d' llii' naiion, W hilsi I litivp ihnscNpnvscd r.iy perfect eonndciici' in the ahilily aii{! patriolisni 'dihe AJioiiiiv'ra'ion. it is due to ondor to aver, that if Mr. Polk should yield upon thisoreal ipieslion. after the vcpvitlnl assurances he has oiveii to the contrirv. I "ill be (rro'illv and s;iillv disappointed. Nor will 1 be Ihc.'.nly pili!ii;il friend who will sharp in this fenlin>.v : toy constiin 'nls. who polled for him ,i larirer niajority. perhaps, ihaii a-iv other consti- lilpncy of eipial nntnhers in tho I'liited Slates, will as deeply syuipathizp in it as invself. Ami may I not say that the oreat body (d'tlip .\nieri- can ppople every where will do so? The records of the tfreat Haliimorp Convention would auihor- ize the asserlion. I approach Mr. Polk not as a courtkr or Ijaticrcr. I asl< noihiii'T at his hands except a fiithfal and pllicii^ni e\(>ention id" the pkd^rs upon and hy vin le of which he eaiiic in- to power; tids niiKdi I have a riohl lo ask aad expect, and 1 lliPiidiire call upon him, in the in^ driieiulriwc of a constituent ami freeman. U ful- fil them. The Roniansi donounopd aa impious any :iian wh > d.ir-d avow ih." h; ,is>n of i/i Inrlinv the territories o|' the eoipiro ; tin seii'l.uciii e\'sl:i in this coiinlry. and will, as Ihi lialiil f dhiws l.liedict.i'es o|' ilie !,i ;i till! moans of lixiiiir its Cain iniirli ilpoii who may pn.v d.i iis f,r.-.( rlnn nl. I war iiieii and small — tho'-'c wlio ;-.-;. 're :imt ihoi do n.ir — 'e l.ewnre of ih.' Iio.s'i'e iidla' rice •pic'siiiin. I; i- ili. ,.ri ;ii . a r.iiuii id' the as is pri^o;ii:ini v. itii a pov. ,t to n a've and u stale.-iiien jiiid adininisU'.i'ioi'.s. The uii and Tipnivhas iibb' ma-!^e- will :idl:( rr aj-dnsl w;ir, a:vaili>l jnditicii.i.s. a-^'ainsi ai tratioiis — liiey ivi'l never (le;.crl il. Il i enisti ill— 't iiivid'.i-^ ihe'r in!- n >ls. and iipe'M the c.ird.-~ of tlieir p,iiiii,li.-,iii ;e.id. a n iiniliilion. No po'ilie.il iiilrijrtie cim arr<> no ;irlifici:il ohstaole dif-nt it. It is nro-ed a powtT tiiat knows no limits iwcept those exhaii-^tid icittire tisslons t.i S'i-irinji; Ci ni uii-haclih d eiiterprisi — its i;ner-fv is i priiv'ijd's, and its triiiiii|di in repi.liliean i lions, h^ slreni;tli neiy lie will illiislr:i an experimeni recpiil'y exiiibilid. x- liich take till! lil/erty t'l relate. A ^peetal- r !!|: hanks .>rihe I'.itomae, I s;ivv a vessel jrai pr.Midly sailiiiii' hefore a jiropitions hii-eze- walked Ihe w.ilers li'.e a lliilio' of life '" — ' inoioi'nt I v.-ns charmed wilii her ;;raee a' d ty ; far w:is it from appiar.itice that she wf to heooine a lh'l|>less lui'k ; yel in tlu' twi nf :in eye liii' water rose up armind her liirm ol'a cidnmn |)rojeciini;' in the heaver will it h:id receded, hi! she u ;;-; a f,,iiii wreck. Need I s;iy tliat the ()reii-,,n qi ar.iiisint,' and comhiniriir as 't does tiuf |)reji p!i-sioiis. and inlerest.s of tho people, possp coni'mstible liir.v" sntilcient to blow up ai) of stale that liiiiy liy accident or desirrn that for-'e into nction — that it will he in f what Coli's siib-marinp battery is in physii The "i'.'X'is ipiestion ilefeated ori'.:l Icade crnshoil old furinnlas — O.-epai is still inu tint. It is till- pm!io(iimi nl of the ereat i' can piim-iple of pr.'irrcssion, extension ar pansiiin, Il has been |nwerl'iil to kind siiKHildirin;:; (ires of the masses into a iirioj t'ervid bla/e. but even yet it litis not natd cnlminatiii:,'' roiiil. It is the form of a nc^ pulse called into action hy ffpo institution ratinii- upon the restless and dnriiio- spirit .\njlo-S;ixon bio id. (ilorions, divine iit] [ad i! exert its sway until the w..tid shall b a common rcpnblic. tind mankind a nnitod erhoiid. .\way w;th the syren cr\ of ermc ;ind eompromisp, inexurade ihsthni into her irnti sceptre to f'c.rhid it. S' imp! should we irccjr to I lie 19ili pnralhd whil lain <'(/(Vf/(fr.v to tho samp lino / Who wil (daim himself the adi'ocate of such a niPiisc It is t.iid. hovvrver, that war will ensiip, refnso to cuinprojiiise hy fiirihrr concessiu !■' all. and that peace is worth more that Oresjon; but not without honor. Nothing / h 1 (Lifil ;ivinv llif; (ii.is.'n u( iHioiiliii Icrritorics Dl' the i':iijVlit: ; iln' syiui' ■.\ si-; 111 tin's tMUMlry. :ii!(l \v\]\. :iv siirr 1 l''lliJW.S l.licciii't.l'i'S 111' i!\(' l.i;.|!, fliiil (if nxilHr ils C'.lill iilllrii :i|Kiil |||m:ii' jriiv il.r i;s fi -i itiiji ii;, 1 wiir.i irn ;it nail — lliD'-'c vviio ■.:•',',•<• und ihusr wlm I'.'wtiri' 1)1' ih.' !iof:';'i' iiifl;!' f:ci' iif ilijs Ii is iln- ;.ji ;ii . H r.iinii I l'i!i.' iiiji', an.l I with a |iir,v,T 111 I! ;i'vr ;(iu! uiliiiaki ami :iiiiniiiisii',i!i4ins. 'I'ho uiilioiiiflii i'li:i-- a!>ti' ii;a-xc. \\ i!| ;ii||i( re lu il r. a:' iiii>l |uil:lii'ii.i.-;. if.;aiii.si ai'iiiini.-, iirv will ncvir (Ic^crl il. Fl is llicir I piviiIm-^ ihc'r iii!-r'>!s, and sirikcs iri!.> •..!' tlici,- ]i.i,iii,ii,-,iii ;iiii! a ii;iiii.',i"s N.I |iinil:r.ll ih! "iiriu- Call aiff'Sl il — iibr;taclii til i'-;il il. It is iirii-.'(l i,n iiy :it kiiDWsiHi limits i\\(:r|ii tliusr wliii'ii (i:i!iifi' asrtiijM.s 1,1 s^i-iriii;!- Ci iiiiis and (■:H(T|iris( — its i;i)irry in ill (nc anil its Iriiiaijili in rr|ii,liiii':in insiipi Ktri'MiTtli may lie \m 11 illnsiralcd liy fill, ri'wiilly (-xiiibilMl. \, liiidi I will ;fily t'l rclali". A f;prclal r npmi lln; 1^ l*.i;i'iiinf'. ( s;;vv a vcssi'l jraily and liiiii' lidiiri! a )iru|iiliii',is hrri'/o — " shr ',vni(>rs like a iliiny' ul'lirc '" — for tii(> .•nsfhariiifd will! Jinr !;t;i('i' «■ d bran ; it fmin appi ar.iinT t!:at >lio was s ion I liil|'lrss |mi!1v : y;'l in ill,' twillKliiio liu' \va!rr riisp lip arniind linr In llio ditliin pri'.iri'iiML;- in lln- licavcns, and d icci'di'd, hi ! slicwss a t'ii|iiiili>i"ill!T ('I'd I s;iy llial llif ()rrii-.,ii (pirslimi d comliiiiinjr ari •! dnfs i!ic prrjiidipi'S, id inlcrcsi.s III' ihf' pr.iph', pussi'sscs a (iir upon llieir i.shed-asa tnlioiial duly and a eliristiin ble.-isiii'.!;. , iperiis, and l'r.i;:i a (Miiviction i.f duty. If now All l.i:'-' iu< Im'i n Slid o;' its l)eii:;;m!\' and llir ' iliere are jifinlemiii I'loiii llie s mill or elsew here, beauty and o-niilletiess of its .way, is Irn-. ii't I \\'lu> eannnl i.;o with me in the support of (.Jnirnn, still It will !•" .ecolleeled llr,l the liiMory oi . i! i.s tlonbilr.ss Ik eih.s i liny lie! tin iiiselve;-, re- in, in' iii'l provi s 111 it p aee cm only be pr, ; rvi-d j straiiiei ,iy a S' i,-e of duty. If ne eaim -t aoree by a ri s,,|t to ihe s'roh-i arm oi '.var. Wn:'ii hiMiwr ujion the iiiea-.ure midrr eiiiisideraiion. ft ns and iinailed ri'/hts r. ,|iiii-i' ii 'i'liepia'. wiiieit has d .iie SI imii'ii lir n — w;i:r!i has e.vtended inir s,.|ii.. It-, ||-u,ii an •r.-,;r.il I'lvin lUtli II i ■>;, liili-aorer. W'liiii the iirsl lilasl nj' llio war iruiiipi i shall lie heard resiiiiiilirii^ over tho ,ii\i-id face of our •■■ 'lotry, iheii will there lie no ii.... -... ,.., ■ 111(1 ',i>ii *«,' ;.« t(l\rAt| m\l '»l '■•i and lions oi the (aiili — llie p' .i.'e wiiieii has wr iiiu'il ' :r|,jrv. all lbs. IS the it.'izi. of iwo wars— the .dhili j ,,,f| ,|.,,.r|v .,|„1 n.r'. iralilv .;p.si,l. .Mr. Ueii, rai.d in iiie ernnaMes oi the rev.ilmioii, and | (;i,.i,ririan. to anv eoniproinise whie'li surrenders ol the war ol |,s| •>. |',-av— permanenl pe:;'-, < j,, ,,1^, „ ,^. ,,,. , ;.,„v |,,|-,.|.rn people, territory to Uu'ulore, isan aroiimi i,t m lavor ol decisive ,!„, ^ „„|, ,;,■,-, p.' .pj' | have arisen to resist 'this measures ill rcuai-d lo Oivjon. It is lor I'Violaiid ' i,roj,_,., „|„.. ,,.,;,„, -,, p.)j, pojmedly and espeeial- ''"'""" '' -^' and di-cail l! mseipiences ol , ^, | ,,p^,.,;,, „ firs;, lura. .so !' would be a weak :.n nnjus! war wiili ibe I nited SlaH's— s.ieli a ^m-,-,,,;,!,.,- ,,,• clearlv av:-,-r::,in.-d ri-bi, and a bad calamiiy will , -111 oil for siippiii s of c iPon, -'op ; e .inpninis,- of honir— a double blunder which herspml' - .ml liios turn tiimis-nids of her ope ;,,|,p., „;,r i,:|iioual power and taints our nilioiial ralives oi;l ol e.iiployment. The.se operative-i | |:,„„.„!„,,.,„|..|. j, ..j,.;,^ f,-,,,,, ,,., „n,,-lialf. that Mill Invo 1,1 he -ippi ased by lar-c cm •• ssions, or | |,;,lf which o-.veH to Orrami all its fvn at value— otnerwi.,.' ihey w,ll he.-.. me oiir ai-fiv.- allies— a , i,,.,.,,,,,,,, ,| oinascnlali-s <)rei(.ifj(. sea'ioard.— WO l.ise iha! imrtiun affirravale these dirt'eri. CIS. hilt M remedy them, i „t' ()reir;,n whicli hi'ar.s the same relation to In the lei.'itineile Ihld of dcliaie. the ponllict of j th,; Pacii' ■, in firnishinir a cimimreial marine mtfid may e irrei't error and elicit triiili. Imt in ,||ioii tha' m-ean, which New Knirhmd mw hears the arena of pditi'al crl-iduDion. it can ^nreely ; „|„|„ ih,. A'laniie. The .Vineriean marine which achieve anv other reward thin hf,rl,()tvnt truth." As ainemli'rof tliis hnlv. c Huiiio' from tin built, iiwni-d, and ii.iviirnled l,y u 'aiiiilar people, who ^halliUell north of the I'illi parallel. 'J'liis must iiatuiallv e.iiiie to pass, bei'anse the harbors, Great West, | voted fiir the ;in:i-'';aiion of Te\as. Iiays, timlier, and maierial to irive e.visleiice to i the mollification ot' the pre-^ent oppressive an . unjust lariir, anil for the rale of Mouse which excluded petition.' ])rayiiiijr an iiiilawfiil interfer- encfi with tiu' iiistiliiiioiis of the si ive hohlinir marine, e\!si there in ciinbinaiioii, leid there too, are the fishiiirs wliiidi iiarse seamen. Moreover, It is iipiiii this line of eii.ist that llie natural pas- ses and avenues from the interior valleys of the 12 n 'i continrnt, (Itscrrulini.' liy 'he irriat li-iinolies of lllfi Cohntil)ia, iti-lionrhr u;iim the wi'slcrii hc;i- iMiard. 'riiMs (!o l!ii' nr'ii'^ni]'!i;c.il |vis:liiMis, tii|.(i jfriipliy ot' llic coiintrv. tlir fliinatc llir ccnii'i'ii tralnm llicn- (if lln' vurioiis I'lniii'iils nl' inaratiiiic dcvol.ipiiii'nl unite in o\all llic s:'i-iiili"iinl v;ilii(> of this iiiirtliiTii liall'df OrrcrciM. Thf (Mnti-si fur th(! |)()S' the nautical people wh<)St> (lajr floats over ni.iralinn' Oreuuri, and winiis i! way llieiiee over every wave in iiiniiiiie rai)l eoiitrollirer keys t.i Weslern America to Knijlnnd! Does the plantinir of the Linn in the very 'I'hermopylea of our empire to choke oiir pith mid slop short onr destiny? — How? Is it by such detrradinii; acts of conces- sion, thai we are to release the repiihlie froui .jfi.iptirdy and insure permaiii>nt. peace/ No sir: on the contrary, sncdi sickly snhniissioii — snnli dpgradinir concessions will provoke war — will he likely to plunire ns into the jaws of ileleat. and set over ns an arhitrary, ji>alons and rapacimis rival — for such is the chaiacier of (ireai IJritain. Such aresomeof the |M'odi two Cana-^ das, colerminns with the territory of I he Tnited Staten, envelope us fro;ii the (Jul, id' St. Lawrence to tlie norlhweslern lakes, and thence onward, in part hy the 'tUth parallel, to il:e Rocky .Moun- tains, 'rhnuigh this extent of country. Great Britain has pushed ciirdons of |)osla, fortified iu strent;lh n:;d equippeil lor defensiv(! or aoiires- sivi' ini ;i-,in. If. ellii'lcnlly es- d hy lier at that session lit" Niirlli- raie in I he most ■;lilR iiiiasnres nl' I Unlaiii has re- ■ annexaliiiii of osely allied with eeii the United 'd at an nverlan;! ^Vst Indian and ■IIS thus lidoppd liy the iiiilirokon isidized subjects ! skeicli the weo- . ;ind attract at- [xiriance. Hut h miatinir develop- •iiinuieicial view. incidentally to ly Coot prints — of > whole expanse ^1al^lished in im- >i'e\v Koiindlanu, 1 liahainas — the If of Mexico are uid the Mosijuito thesi! pos.-4es8iiins 3 front of North s commerce, inii- the moineiit for loir territories — id the l-'alkland 1 America. Tlie 'd with her j:;o,sln. J Cape of Good the republics of ilf to pluiiiri; upon is liridled mid , and the Ionian I North Europe, mile. Ill ih(! In- lially posted, and Mauritius, tlu; f^ I Schyelndles, I lindostini, Ceylon, Siiijrapore coin iiiiiid tlie cape ronUi to China, — .\di'n con irols tin' lied Sea and the ovi^rlaiid route from the .^It'dite^ralle,■ln to thi^ Oriental CDOniries. In the Fi ratlin (Jnlf she is foriilird — In {.'Iiina .-.he has Clnisaii an I lloii',r Ivon;^', and slreu hiii,r to wards the Southern Pole, Anstr il-asia. \'an Dieman's land. New Zealaiiil, .Norlolli island! Tlins li:is Knirlaiid entreiiclnil herself in im precrnaiile power over linir fifth . of the trrniniii!; irlobe ! What is there left • contest witli le r ? Is any corner lel'i free Ir.iin the military (xplmwir with which she has covered every sea, and suspended herself over every cotisl ? One ocean, one coast, and one people ri'iaaie., no! as yet entfulfed in her coiiiprelien.sive maw. Enirlaiid lias as yet no territorial I'Xisiiion upon the western coast of Aiiii'rica from Hlierriiiif's Strait-s to (Jape ll.irii — None in thejireal North Pacifiehetwt^eii .\nierica and Asia. She is now preparinij to seitledowu ii|niii Itie yet unoccu- pied space at all points at once. Around Cape H(jrn she occupies the Falkland and South Sliei- iand Islands — From the Mosmiilo shore she prasps the Isiliiiiusuf Panama, uive her North- ern Oreiron, and her positions un both fronts of the Pacific are complete — IJer banils of fortified |Mistsjoin ends around the world in each zone, and in both licmisplieres. The Sandwich Isl- ands, Mexico. Peru, and other small-fry people of the world fall to her liaturally in this tjeneral harvest, and thus will be consummated herirreat policy of ponquerintf all rivalry, either in arms or iMHnmeice, upon the hi;fli .si'as or among their adjacent maritime nntinns. That one people lo to whom the just Creator has reserved the power and |)osltion to avert this consuininatioii and to vindi.'ate tiio commercial freedom of the snpine nitions of the world, is the American Republic ! Northern Orejjon placed in the only H\wn irap of this British net, which every where else en- tra|)8 the world, must be disentan|3fled trom its meshes — Jill of it must be saved, and with it saved to the American people the direct trade of the Oriental world. This must be saved to thwart the unholy ava- rice with which British |xjwer straddles the globe and strains to gorijc mankind. This »•(«»/ atMl can and tPttf be done. It is a great duty due from the American people to themselves, to mankind, and the age at which mankind have found themselves arrived! " Mr. McC. here exhibited several Iieautiful- ly colored maps — one showing the geographical formation of the United States; another the lo- calitiesofthe possessions of Great Britain through- out the world ; and another showing the dis- tances from England lo China, by the Cape of Gu»k1 Hope, and overland by the Mediieranean and Ri>d sea to India, anH the distance from Eng- land across the Atlantic over the United Slates, and across the Pacific to China, and the East Indies — proving that the latter route was the nearest and best, avoiding the croiisiiig of the I'Vinat'ir. an oliject most essonlial to a suoi'cssful ir.iile Willi till' countriis of Asia, in provisions, a priiH'ipal artiile with ns." .Niinierons members eniwded arnnncl Mr. AIcC . and for a tiiiio ar- rested the e.iinse of his remarks ; n siiiniii;^ his romarks. he said — The time has :irrive(l, Mr. t"li;iirni:tn, for the American peojile to appreeiale . le im|)ortatK:e of an intiiiiite and eMensive trade earned on Ji- lectly from their western seaboaid, with the in- ii'imerable. wealthy, and inti'lli>ieiit people of China, the Indies. Polynesia, and South .\nieri- ea. Our pri'sent trade with the Fiiiropean na- tions who are for the most part en<;aged in the same occiijiation and proihiee ihe stiiiii! articles for coinmeice. as ourselves, is considered of par- amoiini iiii|) irtuiee in this Coiif,^ress, and its ro- ifulaiioii oi'cnpies a large share of our labors and anxious deliHera'iiins. Now China aloneis equal in population. extent, ami resources, to tlieaggre- gat(! aiiMUiit of all the F-uropean rtations! This sinoli" empire Ironts live tlnmsaiid miles uppn the Pacilic ; opposite to Oreijon. Her outlino is I'i.OOU miles. The area of her territory .'>,U0O- 0(K) sipiare miles, and her population was 3G7,- ()(MI,(XM), in the year 1813. No people amongst mankind surpass I he Chineso in civilization, knowledge and intellisience. Their agriculture sends us lea, su^iir, raw silk, spices, dyes, fruits and liquors — tlioir inanufaclures furnish for traf- fic, porcelain, silks, cr.ijies, nankeens, satins, vel- vets, chalis, brocades, mat cariietinnr. ivory, fine wu dues s/ir draw that infinilp wi'ailh whii^li cnahlcs Ikt to covfir thft ijliilif wiiti her iidiinial nclwurk. to rnfflo all riatimm hy Iht arroaaiicc, ;ini! i.i da/zlc mankind with her hia/.iii',' ^iwitncss— anil whtrc is the only rival whose insition and striMiifdi iiiarkR hiT as ilio ii-'Xt in ord^r to irr;is|) this bril- liant (ItNtitiy, and wrpiich il trim il\(> Hritisli Lion 7 It is ilic Vincrican Kf pnhlic, ^irt'icliini_' across i!ii' •■uniincnt, and rept'ivin:r tlir.inirh Ore gun thr! }j;()ldtMi siri'am nrOricntHl ciinniH ivi- ! At pri'scitl th« Orirnt.'il trade oliircai lJrii;iin is mornhipraiivo lo her, and larwcr in arnninii. than all thecoiiiMii'rco<))"thf Aim rioanv.. Whilst l''.ii<,'- land controls India, and all tho ronifsot'coitiiiieree a8<8he now dons, and Iradcto China (Miilinnrs tn traverse thf lonjr routes passiiiir Ix'nraih iIk> (X)uator, Anmrican tradf, cIhi'wIiiti' ho iliriTiy, must continuf to languish. The Aincrii-an tradi' to all C(mntri(>« hey>ind iln' soiithorn i-aptis. in 1844, was — Imports, J'MtVl.iny F,x)K)rls, ♦),08;i.044. an unhfialthy trade with the balance of $3,081,- 115 a^iiist IIS. I'h^s trade Iim) is confined chiefly to teas for home eonsuniption and it will soon liapp»»n that we loo, like the rest of the At- lantic nations will "jee; 'e our supplies of Ori- ental productions 'iirouirh the |)orts of Britain. What withhold;, ns, tfien. from tiirninjr our en- ergies towards the settinw sun ! — frnm findinrr there the irreat rfiiiedy of new markel.s. and a new and infinite commerce, matching the want.s and enerpfies of our great people 7 — where the great arterienof the eoiiiinent, th. Missouri and the Columbia, lend their navioplo then nne(|nal, in the liiceof this llnssian success, to the small acliir vemenl ofconiieclini; ihe navi- gable waters of ilie .Missouri and Colnnibia, and prosccnling direct trade lieiwi en the va'leyufthe Misslssijipi and luuniticeiil China ? The memo- rial from Oreiron iipon our tables infer. ns ns thai ;ilready 10.000 Vinericans have opened a wagon road iVoin the Missouri lo tlic l':icific — tint they have tstablislied a [roveruiiien!, made laws, and originated noricullure, eouiuieree, and manufac- turis — that ihey have ereeieil there a ilamenlic seaport npm oni western seaboard. Onr fleet of whale ships is in occupation of the .North Paeilie beiween Oregon and Asia. — Tho Sauilvvicli Islands have U'come an indepen- dent iiud eoniiui rcial nation under the influence nud I'V the enunsrl of American citiwMis resi- d.Mits lic^rein. China has recently made wi'h us a treaty t'ull of amieiilile advaufeinenis. — Do all these c. incurring events |)ortend nothing? Can neither tlu'se nor the petition of our isolated and banislied eoiintryinrn in Oregon, noi want of new iiiarkeis by ihe people of the interior, nor the danger to tliein, lo our country and to our honor from the evidently alarmed arrogance of K.ngland, stir lis to action and kindle our lethargic patriot- ism ? Here is the sl^ileiiient of the vigorous and valuable whaling business now prosecuted by our citizens chiefly in the North Pacific and for which we have rt-lused to create a domesti? port on that Ocean : — r)T5 vessels, of Seamen, 197,180 tons ;>0,5S4 Capital, Proceeds, $16,4->Vt,lV20 19,610,463 Total value, $36.040,083 Do not such immense nutionil interests as these demand our prompt and etHcient attention ? or has wisdom fled from our councils and do lethargy and timidity reign in sumbre dimiin- ioii ill "this Representative Halt of 20,000,000 of bravo freeuK n ? The hawk-eyed rulers of England embracing the whole world in their plans of dominion, watch all iliesu events and are prepared at once t^i push their empire to its culminating climax and to crush every danger that may show ite head. Hence, a few years since, having no lietter excust; for waging a war upon China than the refusal of her Emperor to permit her to |)oison his sulijects with opium ; she availed herself of that, and forced him hy the thunders of ht!r cannon, to open the Chinese ports to the introduction of that destructive drug, and to p; y her an indemnity of $25,000,000 for the task. We commisserate with feelings bor- dering on piteous contempt, the efTeminacy and want of puW'c spirit of China, in submitting to this indignity, this oulrao-eous wrong, but what is the (lifference belwoen China and the United Stales? We have submitted to the dismcniber- moiitof MaineaiulMa8sachuselts,andhaveofrercd «i 15 ioiin p'(i|)Ui laii suppcss, Lj I ho iiuvi- iimbia. and ■a'lpy ul'lhn rim nieiiui- riisi lis that I'd a wajTon — ttril ilipy r laws, and 1(1 maiiiifac- a (lamenlic r-iipaiioii of mil Asia. — mi iiiilcpon- 11? iiitliii'nee lizoiis resi- liiile wi'li us Its. — Dii all linij ? Can is'ilated and A ant of new or, nor the I) our honor iiCF.ngland, rgic patriot- (•ijrormis and 01 1 led liy our (if and for onipsiic port 80 Ions 'M iiiU'rests as nt attention? icils and do iibr« domin- •20,(100,000 lid rulers of irld in iheir e events and mpire to its every danger a few years svaging a war r Emperor to with opium ; ■d him hy the the Chinese iructivedrug, 5,000,000 for feelings bor- feminacy and submitting to tig, but what ] the United e dismcmber- !illiaveo(Tcrcd i togivnawayliairiifOre^i.Kisihi' jirit'i'iii'ih:i[(ii'ai'i' Willi KiMilaiiil, wliidi Clima (irsi (Mini ;iii,loii !y siiiijriii wlifii slii'ciaild iln iiobi'ilir. ( '|iiii:i — a power lliat rsi'ipcil tlic WMrlil (■"iii|iir!^ls ol' AlexaiiiliT llir (;n';i( — Cliiiia ihal lnr wiiiii' UVo fe.Uiiries eiijuvcil llii' li|i' iinhci de.t .' — Does il II It adiiiiiiii>li ibc dtlV. reiU nali.iiH of the larlh. from a en i m seiilino'ol of daiioer ami si'lf preserva'.i.iii. In use i.iiaml resisi iji,. the on- ward and eoiKjUeriiiii iiiareb ol' iheifveal iliel.Ttor of the u-.irid ;' Sliill ii in- sai.l ll7al this ai republic frcm in.itives of ('car. has in:>lnri..,i^lv surrendeird its di-iinc mlieicd lerrilnriis In (Iiral ikitalii, a.s llie price of peaec\ still I'lirllier In swell the imasiirefii' her overshadowinir and por lentioiis p,rlieiiirs marllici .\ilaiilic. and ihe Uoeky liiniinlains near ilic Pa- eifie— itic cninilry lillinir the irreai Imiiub nf the CiMUiiieiil hclAMiii these barii. 'Is us an iilimriisi iindilialiiiL,' plane cf c;ilc:ii-e. Ills s..!l. J'lo? plane passes li, I'll the I iiill' 111' Mexico In the llypirii.;- leaiisia-i. aiiil einbiaces the ori al '.;ill;es ol the .Mississippi, iliH St. I.awienci, the lliidsnn's Ha} . aiiil iue Mackcn/.'c, ll..wiiio- tn the. Aictie circle. \'en:aiil prairies liirni llic divi.liiiij ridires he1\vceii these vail ies. williniil iirerf.riiin- wilh I the i>rand iiiiil.irmity of the ;;eiieral suffice. \Vi:h()i;Miiis rim of iiioniilaiiis is llie uririliuie t rc'ridi;. eiiibraeiiij th,,. oriirii.al thirteen .States I upon the Ailantic, and thai embraciiio (lalifor- I Ilia and Orepni mi the P.u'ilie. Wiibi'd, iho j r'vers risiiisr ariiiiiid the wails of this jrreal ain- I phitlu.'itre. and How i ^r tnuards the centres of ihe (litferent basins, discliar;ie theiiiselvi.'s in ji^eat arteries towards thedilfereni cardinal |)oiiiis nf the eoiiipas,. Ol these, the valley of the .Mississijipi IS niir own. and mi as yet is Oregon, w Inch conii.vts it with the Pahilic' Hy iheto- liiinbia and Missoiiii is formed the ii;( al route from the inlerinr to the Pacific. By' the main .Missi'Sijipi, the Obioand llie Si. Ijawrence jiass the routes to the (iilf and ilie north .\llaulic. 'J'liese streams, coiiueeled by art. form chan- nels of transit directly across and ihrouirli every pan of the eontineu'. 'I'his is iiol the ease in the old ei>niiii>'iits, for in Kiirope and Asia, the Alps in the one and the Hyiiiaidh mounlaitis in the other, form a ifreal boss in ihe centre, from vvliicli radiate the surreal rivers, separatiii;r the land into disliiiot and isolated fraifinenis. It is ibis intimate relationship formed by an infinity of eoiitliieiii streams ami iii.seperably in- terwoven by an immense iiiieriial navigation, that demonslraies the e.'?.sential imporlance of inaratime Oregon, to fill out the symmetry and completeness of our Union! The, various inte- rests and variety of productions of a'single people dwelling within the Mississippi valley, and stretching to both oceans, must secure the union aiid xiidty of our gr at republic. To stop short of this wouhl leave our territory uuballanced and our Union in jeopardy. I ' Wi