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A FEW .CONSIDERATIONS, FACTS AND 
 FIGURES, RELATING TO THE POSI- 
 TION AND RECORD OF THE 
 HARDY GOVERNHENT. 
 
 I 
 
 N A SHORT TIME THE ELECTORS OF ONTARIO 
 will be called upon to indicate through the ballot boxes 
 whether the present governing party in the Legislative As- 
 sembly shall be entrusted with power for another term or 
 . whether a change shall be effected whereby the Opposition, 
 led by Mr. J. P. Whitney, shall assume the responsibility of 
 governing the Province through the incoming legislature. 
 
 It is well that the memories of the people should be 
 refreshed in reference to some of the more important facts of 
 this government during past years. It is not intended to give 
 a detailed review of legislation, but to present some facts drawn 
 from official and other authentic sources that may awaken the 
 electors to the true condition of affairs in the Province. The 
 record of this government has been one of broken promises, 
 violated principles, grasping propensities, centralization of 
 power, wreckless and wasteful mismanagement of public 
 monies, and venal legislation, which should arouse those who 
 prefer good government and a careful administration of the 
 affairs of the Province to the mere triumph of party and 
 office-holding partisans. 
 
 Owing to a lavish patronage, a reckless expenditure of 
 public monies, the exercise of galling tyranny over a large 
 number of men engaged in business that must receive the seal 
 of sanction from the Provincial Government, and, not among 
 the least of many advantages, the benefit of a flagrant and 
 iniquitious distribution of the electorate, this government has 
 been enabled to keep itself in power for many years. 
 
4 
 
 A careful perusal of the following pages will show how 
 the public expenditures have increased far beyond the increase 
 in the ordinary receipts, and how the natural and limited re- 
 sources of the Province have been unduly trenched upon to 
 keep up the waste. 
 
 The people must decide whether they will submit to direct 
 taxation, or whether an economical government, such as the 
 first administration of Ontario after Confederation, shall be 
 again installed in office by them. 
 
 Another matter for serious thought on the part of the 
 great free-governing and liberty -loving citizens of this Province 
 of Ontario is the centralizing methods of the oligarchy that 
 now rules at Toronto. In the past twenty years our local 
 government, instead of broadening down and extending the 
 self-governing tendencies of the people, has been narrowing . 
 up and limiting their powers until most every appointment to- 
 office or position of any kind that once was the gift of the 
 municipal councils or local officers, is now centred in the 
 government at Toronto, and made subject to the approval of 
 a party head or leader. 
 
 It will thus be seen that in election times the government 
 has an army (thousands strong and well generalled and 
 equipped) of license inspectors and commissioners, bailiffs,, 
 division court clerks, gaolers, registrars, police magistrates, 
 crown land agents, fire and wood rangers, etc., etc., to assist 
 in keeping it in power, no matter how strong may be the desire 
 of an honest electorate to get rid of it. 
 
 The old Family Compact of by-gone days has been suc- 
 ceeded by a new Family Compact, quite as oligarchical in its 
 nature and fully as tyrannical in its functions, and hundreds 
 who have felt its withering breath and unfortunately come 
 within the reach of its grasping tentacles, have many and last- 
 ing reasons to wish for a change. This compact is crushing 
 the life.blood out of the people of Ontario, by stripping them 
 of the power to deal with their own local affairs, and lobbing 
 them of their hard earnings through sources of useless officials 
 
thrust into fat offices created for no other purpose than to pro- 
 vide for troublesome friends at the country's expense. Scores 
 of such officials are to be found all over the Province, and 
 every session of the legislature sees more offices created and 
 new men pensioned on the public, all in the name of good 
 Reform government. 
 
 The disgraceful surrender by the government to the 
 American Timber Barons of the right to export logs for 
 manufacture in the United States, calls for the most severe 
 condemnation. 
 
 The Opposition appeals to the Province also on the 
 ground that the great question of the education of our children 
 has been so mismanaged and put out of gear by the govern- 
 ment through the application to it of political methods, that 
 an immediate change is necessary in order to avoid the most 
 serious consequences. 
 
 CENTRALIZATION. 
 
 FOR MANY YEARS PAST one chief aim of the Pro- 
 vincial government has been to centralize all power and 
 
 authority at Toronto. 
 
 One after another the rights and privileges formerly en- 
 joyed by the people and exercised through municipal bodies 
 have been taken away from them and merged into some de- 
 partment of the government. Many officials were once chosen 
 by local authorities and were not the creatures of any political 
 party, nor, as not a few of them at present, the minions and 
 election agents of the government at Toronto. In not a few 
 instances have whole electoral districts been demoralized 
 through the corruption practised in making these appointments 
 and close constituencies carried for the Grit party through the 
 influence thus exercised by the government frequently in 
 direct opposition to the will of the independent and honest 
 electorate of the district. So long has the Grit oligarchy at 
 
Toronto been allowed to trample upon the necks of the patient 
 electors of Ontario and pose as Reformers and Purists that the 
 Leaders have grown contemptuous of the i)eople and have 
 assumed that the Province is all their own and for their special 
 benefit and that of their party favorites and friends. Electors 
 in every district of the Province, can look about them and find 
 pj oofs of these assertions in the number of government ap- 
 pointees who are regularly drawing good pay from the public 
 chest, and who are as busy as bees in summer when an election 
 is on doing political service for the party. But a few years 
 ago no such army of heelers and parasites were known in 
 Ontario. There was no employment for such a staff, because 
 the government was carried on in the interests of the people 
 and economy prevailed in every department. Under the later 
 centralizing influences all these agencies are necessary to 
 maintain the party in power and to keep the people in proper 
 subjection to the autocrats who rule, and in the meantime 
 scores of the rclrtives of members of the government have been 
 given places in the government service. 
 
 The Govern ment Appoint and the People Pay. 
 
 But a still further objectionable feature of this system of 
 mafking appointments by the government is that the localities 
 are compelled to pay the salaries of these officials in whole or 
 in part without the people having anything to say in the 
 selection of the officer for the position. The power to appoint 
 should carry with it the power to pay, and if the official be 
 required in the service of the government, the government 
 should pay his salary. In this way the cost to the Province 
 of all the^e pensioners and useless office-holders would be 
 known to the people, whereas at present it is next to impos- 
 sible to find out the salaries and fees and emoluments of one 
 kind and another drawn by them. 
 
 Should the Hardy government be continued in office, the 
 people may prepare to see themselves still further shorn of 
 
 // :■' 
 
7 
 
 power in the choice and appointment of municipal and other 
 officials, such as county clerks, county treasurers, county con- 
 stables, county auditors, and to find the management and 
 control of certain local institutions taken completely out of 
 their hands. 
 
 Redistribution and Increase in 
 Representation. 
 
 No sooner had the government got safely seated than it 
 began to look about for means to entrench itself, and without 
 any precedent or justification, without even consulting the 
 people, a scheme was prepared to increase the number of 
 members from eighty-two as fixed by the Confederation Act, 
 to eighty-eight. In order to accomplish this, the original 
 boundaries of several electoral districts were changed and 
 the manipulation was carried out to serve the basest of party 
 purposes. 
 
 Following is the resolution moved on the i8th Decenjber, 
 1875, by Mr. Meredith :— 
 
 " That it is inexpedient that the number of members con- 
 "stituting the Legislative Assembly should be subject to 
 " frequent or capricious changes ; that the number thereof 
 " was fixed by the Confederation Act at eighty-two and the 
 " same is amply sufficient for the efficient carrying on of the 
 " legislation appertaining to the said Assembly ; that no good 
 " reason for the proposed increase has been shown to exist 
 " and that the bill be recommitted to a committee of the 
 " whole House with instruction to am.end the same by strik- 
 " ing out the words * eighty-eight ' in the first section and 
 substituting therefor ' eighty-two.' " 
 
 Every one of the forty-four Grit members of the House 
 voted against the resolution. 
 
 Not content with the increase of six additional members in 
 
8 
 
 i875i the representation has since been increased to ninety- 
 one by adding two more through another iniquitous gerry- 
 mander in 1885, and one in 1889 for the district of Nipissing. 
 That Nipissing and Algoma were entitled to representation is 
 not questioned, but that any increase in the whole number of 
 members was necessary is wholly denied. No public incon- 
 venience or diflficulty had ever been experienced, nor had 
 there been any detriment suffered by reason of there being 
 but eighty-two members in the House. There was no agita- 
 tion at any time or place for the increase, but, on the con- 
 trary, public opinion was, and now is, averse to increased 
 representation in the Provincial Assembly, it being almost 
 universally held throughout the Province that a decrease in 
 the number of members would materially improve the legis- 
 lation of the House, lessen the cost of the sessions, and in all 
 respects be adequate to the legislative requirements of the 
 Province. 
 
 In the session of 1894, the number of members was still 
 further increased to ninety-four, i.e.^ twelve more than the 
 entire number in the first legislature ol" the Province. 
 
 The Qerrymander. 
 
 A more scandalous abuse of power has never been shown in 
 Canada than that of the gerrymander in 1885. No respect was 
 paid to township or even village boundaries or limits Repre- 
 sentation by population was wholly ignored. There appears 
 to have been but one end in view, and that was to so arrange 
 the electoral districts that the Grit party should have a 
 majority of members in the House no matter which party 
 polled the majority of votes in the Province. 
 
9 
 $100,000 Wasted On Extra Representation. 
 
 The principle embodied in Mr. Meredith's rnotion was in 
 favor of economy and a fair representation of all parts of 
 Ontario. Had it been accepted by the legislature of that 
 day and observed since, it would have saved the Province 
 fully $ioo,cxx) in sessional allowances and mileage paid to the 
 extra members alone, but the Grit party rejected Mr, 
 Meredith's honest proposal, in order that their arms should 
 be strengthened and their hands upheld by unfair and dis- 
 honest representation in the House, and at the country's 
 expense. 
 
 FINANCES OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Extravagant and Reckless Expenditure. 
 
 IN 1869, while visiting among friends in the eastern part of 
 Ontario, the late Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald, first 
 Premier of the Province, was charged by a local politician 
 with being stingy and parsimonious in public affairs. His 
 reply is worthy of reproduction here : " I admit that I am 
 stingy. I deal with public money as though I were dealing 
 with my own personal fuiids. I am quite convinced — I took 
 " this ground during the Confederation debates — that an ex- 
 " cessive or extravagant expenditure would, in the long run, 
 " lead the people to complain of the cost of local government, 
 " and the next step would be towards a change in our present 
 " government system. So long as I have the honor to be a 
 " member of the Ontario Government, I shall continue to be 
 ** stingy, for economy, the strictest and most careful economy, 
 " is the sheet-anchor of the Federal Constitution.'* 
 
 
10 
 
 Sandfield Macionald guarded the public treasury jealously • 
 indeed, his economy cost him the premiership of the Province. 
 No sooner wai he displaced by a most unfair attack upon his 
 administraticn and a vile intrigue with weak-kneed friends, 
 than a new order of things was established, and a career of 
 reckless v aste began which has continued during the whole 
 period of Grit administration. The vast resources of the Pro- 
 vince a' one have prevented thus far the financial disaster that 
 Sandfield Macdonald foresaw from a course of extravagant 
 government. In a summary such as this we cannot enter 
 into many details of revenue and expenditure to show how 
 reckless and wasteful has been the course of the Grit Govern- 
 iront during the past twenty years, but we will present a few 
 facts on this line that may serve to awaken a lively interest 
 among the people and expose the falsity of the Hardy Minis- 
 try in claiming to have a cash surplus of several millions, a 
 Province free of debt, and to carry on an economical adminis- 
 tration of public affairs. 
 
 The Provincial Accounts should be simply and easily ex- 
 plained. The Revenue is chiefly derived from the Dominion 
 Subsidies and Interest on Trust Funds, the Interest on Drain- 
 age Debentures and what cash there may be on deposit, 
 Crown Lands and Timber Receipts, Revenue from Liquor 
 Licenses, Law Stamps, Succession Duty Tax, Education 
 Department, and Public Institutions. 
 
 On the other hand the expenditure which might be classed 
 as ordinary is for civil Government, Legislation, Administra- 
 tion of Justice, Education, Maintenance of Public Institutions, 
 Immigration, Agriculture, Hospitals, Repairs and maintenance 
 of public buildings and works. Colonization Roads, Crown 
 Lands charges and miscellaneous. These are added together 
 in the Public Accounts, Then we have a number of open 
 accounts, the bulk of which is for ordinary renewals and re- 
 pairs which the Government seek to charge as capital expendi- 
 ture, but is in reality ordinary expenditure, and lastly the 
 Railway Certificates and Annuities, a large part of which 
 is interest. 
 
To explain what should be a simple and business like 
 account, Mr. Harcourt spoke for four hours, taking fourteen 
 columns of the Globe, and yet he failed to give any clear idea 
 of the present financial standing of the Province, or to show 
 where he expected to receive a revenue within half a million 
 of the estimated expenditure. 
 
 Proper details of a large part of the expenditures are not 
 given so that the people can know whether they are obtaining 
 value for their money. This especially applies to all the 
 Colonization Road expenditure, and also to much of that 
 for maintenance of Public Institutions. In the Public 
 Accounts, 1897 — 
 
 Toronto Asylum— Clothing and bedding $1670. 29 
 
 " " Groceries 1854.94 
 
 « •' Grain, provisions, hay and straw.. 1281 . 10 
 
 '* " Groceries 1588.44 
 
 " " Clothing and bedding 854.61 
 
 London Asylum— Groceries and woodenware 2697.93 
 
 and similar items in all the other Institutions. The Opposition 
 have contended that these accounts should be published in 
 the same detail as given by the Auditor General of the 
 Dominion, and that tenders should be asked for these sup- 
 plies now ordered from the friends of the Government 
 without competition. 
 
 The Increasing Expenditure. 
 
 The ordinary expenditure for purposes of Government 
 when once established can only with difficulty be reduced. 
 They have under the present Government enormously in- 
 creased — far in excess of increase of Revenue, ' 
 
 In 1896 the ordinary expenditure was $3,178,510.00 
 
 In i386 " " 2488,964.00 
 
 Increase in ten years $ 689,546.00 
 
12 
 
 In 1896 the receipts were $3,238,766 
 
 In 1886 '• •* .• 2,846,790 
 
 Increase in ten years ..........$ 391 ,976 
 
 So that in ten years the ordinary expenditure increased 
 $300,ocx) more than the receipts, notwithstanding that new 
 taxes had brought in from succession duties $i65,cxx)and from 
 liquor licenses $75, OCX). 
 
 In 1897 this ordinary expenditure had increased still 
 further, by $165,000, or to $3,343,764, while only by extra- 
 ordinary collections of Crown Lands arrears to the extent of 
 $500,000 more than in 1896, in addition to the timber bonus, 
 could the receipts for an election year be made to approach 
 the expenditure ! 
 
 The Opposition were not alone in condemning this increase 
 of the Provincal expenditure. As long ago as 28th May, 
 1880, the Toronto Globe, then not as much of an " organ" as 
 it is to-day, said under the heading "Avoid Direct Taxation :" 
 
 "The opinion is forced home to us that the time has come 
 to cry halt, or at least to review our career as a Province, and 
 to endeavor to forecast the future as fairly as our bearings 
 will allow. We certainly think that the maximum in outlay 
 has been reached : that it would be unwise to increase it 
 beyond present figures. To do that would only hasten on the 
 day of direct taxation, a consummation to be staved off to as 
 distant a period as possible." 
 
 The Deficits. 
 
 In estimating the Revenue for the year there should be 
 deducted from the receipts the moneys borrowed on annuities, 
 and in 1897 $190,000 of the Crown Lands receipts which was 
 received as bonus on the August Timber Sale and is essenti- 
 
 I 
 
13 
 ally capital. Also from both receipts and expenditure the 
 moneys received and lent on capital for drainage debentures. 
 Taking statement No. i in the Public Accounts presented 
 since the last General Election, in 1894, 1895 and 1896, there 
 were received from the capital of debentures and placed 
 among ordinary receipts : — 
 
 In 1894 $61,200.28 
 
 In 1895 (including road debentures and capital 
 
 placed under casual revenue) 57.975 -40 
 
 In 1896 76,122.94 
 
 which should be deducted from receipts. 
 
 On the other hand included in the expenditure there were 
 the following amounts invested on capital in drainage deben. 
 tures : — 
 
 In 1894 $44,851-77 
 
 In 1895 44,635.51 
 
 In 1896 18,043-73 
 
 which being loans on debentures should be deducted from 
 expenditure, 
 
 On annuities there were borrowed and placed among 
 ordinary receipts : — 
 
 In 1894 Nothing 
 
 In 1895 = $171,520.00 
 
 In 1896 177,730-70 
 
 Deducting from receipts and payments as shown in the 
 Public Accounts these moneys borrowed on Annuity Deben- 
 tures and the moneys received and paid on capital investments 
 in debentures, we find that the Province has expended more 
 than its receipts during these three years as follows ; 
 
 In 1894 
 
 Expenditure $3,797,653-46 
 
 Receipts 3,391,962.41 
 
 Deficit, 1894 $ 405,691-05 
 
In 18^5 
 
 Expenditure "ti -TTi n.?« «, 
 
 Receints ?3.7i3,959-93 
 
 ^^''^^'P^^ 3,356.006. ;9 
 
 ^'^<^^'''^s $-357,953.14 
 
 In 1896 
 
 Expenditure $3,685,331.01 
 
 ^"'^^'P^^- 3.238:766.43 
 
 Deficit. i8g6 .^ $ 446.S64.58 
 
 There was also a decrease of Drainage Debentures in 1896 
 allowed by an order in Council (Statement No. 3, public ac- 
 counts) of $23424.03. 
 
 In three years, 1894 to 1896, these items total as follows : 
 
 Deficit 1894 « .^f/c^r^- 
 
 «« rgCl $405,691-05 
 
 « 1896 .'.'.'.*.*.'.'.'!!.';;;;;■.;;; 357,953.14 
 
 Reduction of drainage dcL-.ntures. * 1 896 .' .' .* .* .' .' .' .' "^3,424 ! 03 
 
 Three years' deficit $^233^6^1^ 
 
 The money to pay these deficits was made up as follows : 
 
 Reduction of capital in drainage and other de- 
 bentures d; TT..O-„- 
 
 Reduction of cash in Bank '.;; ^ rr^Iol'?? 
 
 Borrowed on annuity debentures, 1895 and 1896 349,'2So.7o 
 
 $1,233,632.80 
 
 In December 1893 the Province had in drainage 
 
 debentures ^ <;oo «t72 20 
 
 In December 1896 the Province had in drainage '^^ ' ^ 
 
 ^^^""^"^^^ . 389,386.34 
 
 Redudtion above $111,185.95 
 
 In December 1893 the Province had in cash in 
 
 Banks j oo^ ^ ^o 
 
 In December 1896 only V.V.'.V. .".' .'.'.'.' '226i82o!53 
 
 Reduction above $773,196.15 
 
15 
 
 The Government admit that the deficits for these three 
 years amounted to over $1,200,000, but claim that a largt 
 proportion was capital account though they put a much larger 
 amount of the capital of the Province received from Timber 
 Limits in as an ordinary revenue. With the possible excep 
 tion of $204,000 spent on the buildings of the IJrockville 
 Asylum in 1894., the other expenditures were not in any 
 sense Capital but renewals and small repairs, railway certifi- 
 cates and annuities, which the Dominion ah/ays charge as 
 ordinary expenditures. 
 
 1897. 
 
 In 1897, in view of the election, the Government made 
 desperate efforts to collect all the funds possible to make ends 
 meet, receiving from the Crown lands and timber $687,000 
 more than in 1896, of which $190,000 was from the bonus on 
 August timber sale, these collections being chiefly from 
 arrears, so that the same excessive revenue cannot be antici- 
 pated in 1898. 
 
 The expenditure, deducting loans on drainage 
 
 debentures, was $3>7S3>902.76 
 
 ' Total receipts $4,138,847.48 
 
 Of which borrowed or from capital — 
 Drainage debentures... $ 50,718.73 
 Bonus timber sale. ... 190,000.00 
 Borrowed annuities. . . . 156,342.51 
 
 397,061.24 3,742,786.24 
 
 Deficits $11,116.52 
 
 Had it not been for the special and extraordinary receipts 
 from timber arrears and mining applications and a payment 
 of $120,000 succession duties from one estate in the closing 
 days of the House, the deficit for 1897 would £is in former 
 years have been from $400,000 to $500,000. 
 
 * 
 
 ■r 
 / 
 
i6 
 
 The Estimate For 1898. 
 
 The Provincial Treasurer estimates the expenditure for 
 1898 as follows: — 
 
 Main estimates $3.397,365. cx> 
 
 Supplementary 240,856.00 
 
 Railway certificates due 1898 124,336.00 
 
 Annuity certificates 97,200.00 
 
 $3,859,760.00 
 Estimated receipts 3,3 1 3,372 .00 
 
 Estimated deficit $ 546,388.00 
 
 or over half a million of dollars, although $20,000 of the 
 estimated revenue is from capital of drainage debentures. 
 
 The financial policy of the Reform Government is a help- 
 less one of drift. They make no attempt to make ends meet 
 and unless the expenditures are reduced the result must 
 be direct taxation in one form or another. 
 
 The Opposition are opposed to direct taxation and their 
 policy is by a general reorganization of the public service to 
 bring the expenditure within the income. The army of 
 officials now living on the Province, the purchase of goods 
 without tender «nd past contracts given to friends account for 
 much of the increased expenditure. 
 
 increased Expenditure. 
 
 Some samples of increase in twenty years .. — 
 
 Civil Government 1876 $155,365 
 
 « i< 
 
 1897 250,94s 
 
 Legislation 1876 106,940 
 
 ^ " 1897 159,392 
 
 * In the first session of 1897 there were over fifty Sessional 
 
 Clerks, nearly one for each Government supporter, and the 
 clerks, messengers and pages cost $10,436- 
 
 The Provincial Reformatory in 1896 cost $11,000 more than 
 
 \ :■ 
 
17 
 in 1876, or nearly $35,000, about as much as Upper Canada 
 College with its large staff of teachers and boarding house, 
 the average cost being $238.85 per head, or $1 10.69 P^r head 
 more than in 1876. 
 
 Public Institutions. 
 
 COST OF nAlNTAINlNQ INMATES COMPARED. 
 
 These figures are given in Appendix to Hon. Mr. Har- 
 court's Budget speech, Dec. 14th, 1897. 
 
 NAME Oi' 
 INSTITUTIOH 
 
 Institution for 
 blind. 
 
 Institution, deaf 
 and dumb. 
 
 Reformatory for 
 boys. 
 
 Central Prison 
 
 Yr. 
 
 INCREASE PER 
 NO. OF TOTAL COST PER INMATE IN 
 
 INMATES COST INMATE THAT PERIOD 
 
 1876 148 ^25,903.55 
 1896 120 34,171.72 
 
 1876 
 1894 
 
 1876 
 1896 
 
 220 
 
 253 
 182 
 145 
 
 33M7-3S 
 45,129.76 
 
 23,32443 
 34,633.48 
 
 1876 692 47,128.15 
 1896 604 63,777.77 
 
 $[62.38 
 284.76 
 
 1523s 
 178.38 
 
 $ 122.38 
 
 Increase 
 each $26.03 
 
 128.16 Increase in 
 
 238.85 cost of each 
 
 in'ate $110.69 
 
 68.10 Increase in 
 
 105.59 cost of each 
 
 inmate $37.49 
 
 The Surplus. 
 
 In the reform campaign pamphlet a table is given purport, 
 ing to show that there was a surplus of savings from income 
 of over $5,000,000 but the tables given with Mr. Harcourt's 
 speech of the receipts and expenditures since Confederation 
 show that the Sandfield McDonald Government received 
 
I« 
 
 $3,815,010 more than it expended, providing not only for aW 
 its actual expenditure but also for every dollar of anticipated 
 expenditure, while the Reform Government has expended 
 $3,422,058 more than its total receipts which included $2,000,- 
 000 owing by the Dominion and nearly $2,000,000 borrowed 
 on annuities. This over 'Expenditure was paid out of Sandfield 
 Macdonald's cash surplus and none of the present assets of the 
 Province arc the result of savings from income. 
 
 STATEMENT SHOWING RECEIPTS AND EXPENDI- 
 TURES UNDER GOVERNMENT OF LATE 
 HON. SANDFIELD MACDONALD, 
 1867 TO 1871. 
 
 RECEIPTS EXPENDITURES 
 
 1867 $ 182,89963 $ 56,66997 
 
 1868. 2,250,20774 1,179,26917 
 
 1869 2,635,17929 . 1,445,75173 
 
 1870 2,500,69570 1,578,97665 
 
 I871 2.323.179 62 1,816,784 II 
 
 Total receipts $9,892,161 98 $6,077,451 63 
 
 Total expenditure. .. . 6,077,451 6^ 
 
 Surplus $3,815,010 35 
 
 Less some $5,000 for stationery leaving $3,810,010.35 of 
 a net surplus. • 
 
 STATEMENT SHOWING RECEIPTS AND EXPENDI- 
 TURES UNDER LIBERAL GOVERNMENT 
 FROM 1872 TO 1897. 
 
 RECEIPTS EXPENDITURES 
 
 1872 $3,060,747 97 $2,217,555 87 
 
 1873 2,961,51531 2,940,80345 
 
 1874 3,446.347 93 3,^70,704 14 
 
 1875 3,156,60581 3,604,52442 
 
 1876. 2,589,22283 3,139,50566 
 
 1877 2,502,56604 3.119,11773 
 
 1878 2,285,17807 2,902,88837 
 
 1879 2,287,951 39 2,94.1,714 27 
 
19 
 
 Continued receipts Expenditures 
 
 iCao 2,584,16976 2,518,18680 
 
 1881 2,788,746 78 2,579,802 28 
 
 1882 2,880,450 40 2,918,826 95 
 
 1883 2,439,94142 2,887,03773 
 
 1884. 2,820,55545 3,207,88967 
 
 1885 3,005,92071 3,040,13907 
 
 1886. 3,148,66001 3,181,44969 
 
 1887 3,527,577 95 3454,372 43 
 
 1888 3.603,262 14 3,545,234 85 
 
 1889 3.5^8405 08 3.653.356 37 
 
 1890 3,423,15499 3,896,32438 
 
 1891 4.138,589 09 4,158.459 55 
 
 1892 4,662,921 57 4.068,257 39 
 
 1893 •• 4,091,914 01 3.907.145 32 
 
 1894 3,453.16269 3.839.33875 
 
 1895 3,585,300 10 3.758,59s 44 
 
 1896 3,490,671 45 3.703,379 73 
 
 1897 4,139,84768 3,767,675 70 
 
 $83,379,026 63 $86,821,085 21 
 
 Total expenditure $86,821,085 21 
 
 Total receipts. 83,379,026 63 
 
 Total deficit 3,442,058 58 
 
 The above facts are taken from appended statement of 
 Budget Speech of Hon. R. Harcourt, 1897, also public 
 accounts of 1897. 
 
 In the face of the fact that they have expended $3,442,- 
 058.58 more than they received they still claim a surplus. 
 How unfair ! how deceptive ! 
 
 The following is a statement of the surplus of the Sandfield 
 Macdonald Government. It docs not represent old trust 
 funds, but actual savings of that administration, being excess 
 of the total receipts over total expenditures: — 
 
 Special Deposits and cash at close of 1871 ... .$1,063,160 15 
 Dominion Bonds bearing 5 and 6 per cent 2,746,850 20 
 
 - ^ $3,810,010 35 
 
 t • 
 
20 
 
 The assets of the Province are as follows =— 
 Cash 31st Dec, 1897. (open account) ? 95,849 54 
 
 Z, .^ , .4. 510,00000 
 
 Cash on deposit ^ 
 
 Drainage Debentures. , 352.440 55 
 
 $ 958,290 09 
 
 TRUST FUNDS IN HANDS OF , 
 
 DOMINION GOVERNMENT. 
 
 U.C. Grammar School Fund, 1838.:$ 312,769 04 
 
 U.C. Building Fund, i854,(to keep 
 
 up Asylums) $i,472,39i 41 
 
 'Land Improvement Fund(the pro- 
 
 perty of Municipalities) 124,085 10 
 
 Common School Fund ^^^1^ $3,35^8_53 
 
 $4,310,018 62 
 
 Mr. Harcourt also capitalizes the 
 increased subsidy given in 
 1884. by the Conservative 
 Government at. $2^,289^2 
 
 $7,158,308 14 
 
 Less debt owing to the Dominion..$2,ooo,ooo 00 
 
 Common School Fund Collections 63,691 00 
 
 Present value Railway Certificates 
 
 at 3 K v. owed by Province 1,219,618 00 
 
 Present value annuities at 3^7. do 1,905, 929 00 ^^^^3^238 00 
 
 $1,969,070 14 
 Leaving only $1,969,070 to pay $3,351,728 of trust funds. 
 
 This statement of the assets shows that the Trust Funds 
 created before Confederation and the increased subsidy voted 
 in 1884, far exceed any claimed surplus of assets, and that 
 therefore they can in no way be the result of savings. 
 
 In 1884, the Dominion did not grant the principal money, 
 but only the interest of $142,000 yearly as subsidy. The 
 Dominion Arbitrators treat it as subsidy not as mterest and 
 
21 
 
 In the Auditor General's Report it will be found paid as sub- 
 sidy, not as interest, while the interest in the Common School 
 fund is paid as interest on trust debt. Mr. Harcourt might as 
 well capitalize the subsidy of $1,196,872 as his portion. Nor 
 are the Trust Funds available for General Expenditure, so 
 that the financial position of the Province is — 
 
 Debt owing as above $5,189,238 00 
 
 Less cash and drainage debentures 958,289 00 
 
 $4,230,949 00 
 
 Debt owing over available assets, $4,230,949, as the result of 
 twenty-five years of Reform Government. 
 
 THE COMMON SCHOOL FUND. 
 
 Fifty years ago the Province of Canada set aside a million 
 acres of land to be sold, and the interest on the proceeds paid 
 to the Municipalities for the support of the schools. Six per 
 cent, of the money was allowed for collection, and one-fourth 
 of the balance was "The Land Improvement Fund," to be 
 paid to the Municipalities in which the Common School Lands 
 were placed. 
 
 The Dominion Arbitrators found that Quebec was entitled 
 to four-ninths of this fund, and Ontario to five-ninths. Before 
 Confederation, $1,520,950 had been collected. Since Confed- 
 eration Ontario collected and spent (after deducting the Land 
 Improvement Fund) $936,729 of this fund, four-ninths of 
 which was the property of the Province of Quebec. On the 
 Dominion requiring Ontario to pay over these trust collect- 
 ions it was agreed that it should be charged as a debt against 
 the Province, and it forms part of the $2,000,000 owing the 
 Dominion. In 1891, the Province borrowed $500,000 from 
 the Dominion, and for some years a lump sum of $300,000 
 was paid to Ontario as interest and increased subsidy when 
 only about $2 10,000 was owing. These and some other items 
 make up the $2,000,000 debt owing to the Dominion. The 
 U. C. Grammar School Fund is of the same nature, and the 
 
23 
 
 • 
 
 Upper Canada Buildinjj Fund is a Trust Fund created before 
 Confederation, the interest only of which was to be used to 
 keep up the Asylums. It will thus be seen that under the 
 law of the Province none of these trust funds are available 
 for general purposes. The Dominion to off-set the interest 
 on the debt pays no interest on these trust funds other than 
 the Common School Fund. 
 
 RAILWAY CERTIFICATE AND ANNUITY DEBT 
 
 For the first time this debt is published in the Public 
 Accounts, 1897, Page 26: 
 
 The railway debt including 
 
 interest is $1,995,323 
 
 The annuity debt 3,088,900 
 
 $5,084,223 
 
 The railway certificates are issued at 3^% discount and 
 the last annuity certificate at 3/^ 0/0 and the present value 
 discounted at 3XW0 51S given by Mr. Harcourt on 25th De- 
 cember, i896,reported in Globe of 30th Dec. i896,is as follows: 
 
 Railway certificates $1,219,618 
 
 Annuities 1,905,929 
 
 Present value $3,125,547 
 
 Although sold at a lower rate Mr. Harcourt in his budget 
 speech gave the value discounted at 4^^0/0, at $356,189 less. 
 
 THE RAILWAY CERTIFCaTES 
 
 When the Province gives a subsidy of $3000 to a mile 
 of railway (under Act 1889, incorporated in subsequent Acts) 
 not having the money it issues 40 debentures or certificates of 
 $139.92 (say $140) payable one a year for forty years, or in all 
 $5,6oo,of which $3,000 is for principal and $?.,6oo is for interest. 
 $140 is four and two-third per cent on $3,000 and the certi- 
 ficates are really 3/4 per cent debentures with a sinking fund 
 of one and one-sixth per cent. The Dominion always charges 
 
 > 
 
 
its interest and sinking fund as ordinary expenditure and this 
 shows the absurdity of Mr. Hardy's contention that the pay- 
 ments for railway certificates (a large portion being interest) 
 are capital expenditure and also the now exploded contention 
 that there is no debt, presently payable. They are exactly of 
 the same nature as a municipal debt where part of the interest 
 is payable yearly. 
 
 THE ANNUITIES 
 
 When the railway certificates fall due under Reform 
 management, there being no money to pay them a new lot of 
 certificates are issued payable over the next forty years, as in 
 1897, and we have this result. 
 
 Original subsidy for one mile $ 3,ooo 
 
 Replaced by railway certificates . . 5,600 
 These replaced by annuities 10,000 
 
 so that every $10,000 of annuities paid represents only $3,000 
 of original bonus, the balance, $7,000, being interest. With this 
 compound interest is it a wonder that the Reform Government 
 has piled up so large a debt. Surely it is time for a change 
 and that the people should insist on the Provincial expenditure 
 being kept within the income and the railway certificates paid 
 as they fall due, without further borrowing, i;o the extent of 
 nearly $2,000,000. 
 
 y 
 
24 
 
 OUR PROVINCIAL DEBT. 
 
 HERE are three columns of figures explanatory of Ontario's 
 provincial debt and of its growth. The first is the 
 Treasurer's report in 1891 of the annual instalments we would 
 have to pay in order to clear the debt off; the second is Mr. 
 Harcourt's report in 1894; and the third is the report this 
 year : — 
 
 I891 $304,379 $ $^ 
 
 1892 187,822 
 
 1893 187,822 
 
 1894 187,822 221,015 
 
 1895 187,822 221,015 
 
 1896 182,813 216,007 
 
 1897 162,261 195.455 
 
 1898 133,748 166,942 *22r,536 
 
 1899 119.316 152,510 207,103 
 
 1900 113,243 146,437 201,030 
 
 1901 •• 81,438 114,631 169,225 
 
 1902 67,280 98,474 153,067 
 
 1903 56,812 90,000 144,600 
 
 1904 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 1905 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 1906 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 1907 ,56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 1908 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 1909 59,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 1910 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 191 1 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 191 2 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 1913 56,397 ' 89,591 144,184 
 
 19H "■••• 56,397 89,591 . 144.184 
 
 i9i5-> 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 1916 1 56.397 89,591 144,184 
 
 r9i7....i:.... 56,397 89,591 144,184 
 
 
25 
 
 I9i8 56,397 
 
 1919 56,397 
 
 »920 56,397 
 
 1921 56,397 
 
 1922 56,397 
 
 »923 56,397 
 
 1924 49.697 
 
 1925 35,997 
 
 1926 22,840 
 
 1927 10,447 
 
 1928 4,197 
 
 1929 4.197 
 
 1630 3498 
 
 1931- • 
 
 1932 
 
 1833 
 
 1934 
 
 1935 
 
 1936 
 
 I937» 
 
 89.5^1 
 
 144.184 
 
 89.591 
 
 144,184 
 
 89,591 
 
 144,184 
 
 89.591 
 
 144,184 
 
 89,591 
 
 144.184 
 
 .89.591 
 
 144.184 
 
 82,891 
 
 137,464 
 
 69,191 
 
 123,784 
 
 56.041 
 
 110,634 
 
 43,641 
 
 98,234 
 
 27.391 
 
 91,984 
 
 27,391 
 
 91,984 
 
 36,691 
 
 91,285 
 
 26,193 
 
 80,787 
 
 8.197 
 
 62,791 
 
 1.399 
 
 55.992 
 
 
 53.893 
 
 
 38,000 
 
 
 23,962 
 
 
 5.732 
 
 Total. . . .$3,229,420 $3,813,349 $5.046,91 1 
 
 It will be noticed, first, that the annual instalments to 
 which we are committed have almost doubled between 1891 
 and 1898, and that the total amouiit the province has to pay 
 has been increased from $3,229,420 in 1891 to $5,046,911 in 
 1898. The process by which the debt has been augmented is 
 peculiar. When the Government finds that one of the annual 
 instalments is due it ta'.es into consideration the question 
 whether it will meet it out of the revenue, as originally in- 
 tended, or float new debt to cover it. Sometimes it pays out 
 of revenue. Frequently it incui» a new debt. Every time 
 new debt is created the amount of the annual payments makes 
 a jump forward. It will be observered, by the first column, 
 that in 1891 our instilment for 1898 was put down at $133,748.' 
 Now that 1898 is reached the figure— because in the mean- 
 
 k>i,.;«,i 
 
US 
 
 time we have been fVoatingnew debt instead of paying cash — 
 is $221,000, or $90,000 more. This year we ought to pay the 
 $221,000 that is due, but the Government will no doubt float 
 more annuities. This will raise the amounts we have to meet 
 every year. And so the process goes on, and will go on until 
 we shall find ourselves pledged to posssibly half a million 
 annually* 
 
 THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. 
 
 NO PART OF PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION \ 
 has given rise to greater dissatisfaction than the way 
 in which our educational interests have been manipulated and 
 mismanaged. There is an overwhelming popular feeling in 
 Ontario that the whole scheme of school education has been 
 transformed by the Minister until it neither corresponds with 
 the sound views that founded it, nor meets the requirements 
 of the time. The great body of teachers also are profoundly 
 dissatisfied with the administration of the school system, and 
 are well aware that political favoritism and other abuses 
 flourish apace. These two features of popular discontent with 
 the Minister's policy are manifested all over the Province. 
 
 Our Public Scho|>ls Should Come First. 
 
 I. The fundamental error of the Minister has been in 
 relegating the great Public Schools of Ontario to an inferior 
 place in the system, making them a mere stepping stone to 
 the High Schools^ abandoning the original plan with regard 
 to public school education so that it is dealt with as a sort of 
 "link in the educational chain." This is done in defiance of 
 the fact that about 95 pd? cent of Ontario public school 
 children begin and end their training in the public schools. 
 Thus, the public schools have been well termed the Univer- 
 sity of the Masses. They should, therefore, be the first 
 concern of any Minister of Education worthy the name. 
 
37 
 
 The Opposition policy on this question is to return to t'lC 
 first principles that governed the founding of our Public 
 School system ; to insist that a course of education should be 
 gi\ei to the pupils in public schools at once thorough 
 and complete, preparing the child for the requirements of 
 practical life. The Opposition desire to remodel the existing 
 methods so that a public school education shall be a distinc- 
 tion in itself, seeing that only about 5 per cent, of the 
 children carry their training any further. 
 
 ! 
 An Advisory Council Advocated. 
 
 2. The one-man power is a conspicuous evil in the present 
 policy of the Education Department. The arbitrary, caprici- 
 ous and frequent changes in the regulations, the political 
 favoritism shown in dealing with teachers, the excessive cost 
 of examinations and text books, the disregard of warnings 
 and advice given by experienced educators, are all fruits of 
 the Minister's thirst for power. 
 
 To do away with these abuses of personal authority, when 
 exercised by a party politician, the Opposition advocate the 
 creation of an Advisory Council to aid the Minister in the 
 administration of educational affairs. This body would 
 consist of experts representing all the teaching bodies and 
 interests of Ontario — the teachers of the Public and Separate 
 schools, the High schools, the Normal schools and the 
 Universities. This would be an effectual check upon one-man 
 power, without abolishing Ministerial responsibility to the 
 Legislature and the country. 
 
 The Cost of Text Books. 
 
 3. The high price of school books, partly due to the crea- 
 tion of monopolies, to the payment of royalties, and to the 
 practice of holding secret commissions of inquiry into prices, 
 is a burden which the parents of Ontario school children feel 
 and resent. The way in which many text books are prepared 
 and published accounts for the high prices charged. To have 
 
28 
 
 a compilation made by some friend of the Minister or by 
 some teacher, and then publish it as a text book, paying 
 royalties to the compiler or author, is one of the Minister's 
 favorite methods of issuing school books. The payment of 
 royalties keeps up the price and sh6uld be abolished, some 
 other means being found to pay the author or compiler for 
 his work. 
 
 To meet this criticism a Commission to inquire into the 
 price of text books was issued November I2th, 1897, and the 
 report of the Commission was laid before the House in the 
 closing days of the session. The Commission took the evi- 
 dence of a number of persons in secret. The evidence is not 
 published. The persons examined consisted of publishers, 
 publisher's employes, paper manufacturers, printers and 
 authors. All these persons, for good business reasons, are 
 interested in getting as high a price as possible for the mater- 
 ials they produce or the work they do. They could not 
 reasonably be expected to give evidence from the standpoint 
 of the parents of Ontario who have to pay for the text books. 
 The people of Ontario vvere not, therefore, adequately repre- 
 sented before the Commission. The authors who were 
 examined naturally favored the payment of royalties. But 
 even this Commission, taking evidence in secret and without 
 adequate representation of the people who buy the books, was 
 forced to concede in several instances the correctness of the 
 Opposition's contention that the price of school books is 
 unduly high. The Commission reported in favor of reducing 
 the price of the First Latin Book from $1. to 75c. after the close 
 of 1898 ; the High School Book Keeping from 65c to 60c after 
 the end of 1898 ; the public school Geography from 75c to 
 60c ; the Vertical Series of copy books from 7c to 6c, after the 
 close of 1899 ; the Primary Latin book from $r. to 75c. Are 
 not these enforced reductions proof that if a thorough investi- 
 gation were held, not behind closed doors, but with the book- 
 buying public represented, the Opposition claim would be 
 completely established ? 
 
99 
 
 Political Control of the University. 
 
 4. Another badly needed reform in the management of 
 Provincial Education is the removal of the University of 
 Toronto from political control. As matters stand now there 
 is conflict of authority among the various boards that ad- 
 minister University affairs and appointments to the University 
 can be, and sometimes are, made subject to polilical 
 influence. The result is injury to the University, and dis- 
 satisfaction among the University authorities. The proof 
 that the present mode of administration is cumbrous and 
 conflicting is shown by the existence of five different 
 authorities for administering or controlling affairs connected 
 with the University. These are : the Government ; the Uni- 
 versity Senate ; the University Council ; the College Council, 
 and the Board of Trustees. Proof that dissatisfaction exists is 
 found in the fact that the University authorities ask for the 
 creation of a Board of Patronage to recommend appointments 
 to the Government. As this would deprive the Minister of 
 Education and the Government of much power to meddle in 
 University affairs or to force undesired appointments upon 
 the University, the demand is not granted. , 
 
 The Opposition demand the removal of political control, in 
 such a way that University Federation would not be jeapor- 
 dized, as the federated colleges would take part in and be 
 protected by, a systematical scheme for separating party 
 political interference from higher education. 
 
 Number and Expenses of Examinations. 
 
 5. Another crying evil is the number and cost of examina- 
 tions. The whole system on this point needs overhauling : 
 there are too many examinations connected with the high 
 school course ; the fees are excessive and impose a heavy 
 burden on the parents ; the examinations are centralized far 
 beyond what is necessary. The Minister contends that he 
 has lessened the number of examinations and justifies the 
 
 \: 
 
 N 
 
•, <" 
 
 ■*■.* 1* 
 
 iV 
 
 
 ;C- 
 
 30 
 
 increased cost by the uniformity supposed to have been at- 
 tained by getting a large body of examining-teachers together 
 in Toronto each year. These arguments are utterly fallacious. 
 What the new regulations have actually done is to increase the 
 number of examinations Which a High School pupil must 
 take — must, because it becomes the interest of teachers to 
 urge him on, as the standing of the school is at stake, and be- 
 cause he gets a certificate supposed to be useful lator on in 
 life. Thus from being incidental to school life, examinations 
 have become the great feature of High School training, to the 
 injury of the pupil in the real aim and end of education. The 
 decentralization of the examination system, relegating some of 
 them to county boards is practicable and necessary. The exces- 
 sive charges for fees should be greatly reduced, thus relieving 
 the parent. 
 
 The Opposition are unalterably opposed to the centralized 
 and expensive system which the Minister has created. 
 They are in favor of lessening the high-pressure work now 
 practically forced upon High School pupils, so as to enable 
 them to assimilate the teaching they now get. 
 
 The Resolution in the Hou^e. 
 
 The Opposition policy is embodied in a resolution in- 
 troduced in the Legislature, January 14th, 1898, and now 
 entered in the official records. 
 
 Mr. Whitney moved, seconded by Mr. Matheson, " That 
 this House observes with anxiety the evidences of dissatis- 
 faction in the public mind with the working and result of the 
 educational system of the Province, and is of opinio/i that a 
 Scheme should be devised by which the sphere of the Public 
 school may be remodled, and, vfhere necessary, widened and 
 enlarged with the view of affording to those pupils, whose 
 education begins and ends in such schools, such further and 
 increased educational advantages as may be practicable. 
 
 " This House is also of opinion that, among other desir- 
 able changes, there should be created a consultative or advisory 
 
31 
 
 Council for the assistance of the Minister of Education, on 
 which Council should be represented all the teaching bodies in 
 the Province. 
 
 " And this House is also of opinion that steps should be 
 taken to reduce the price of school books and thua lessen 
 materially the burden now imposed upon and borne by the 
 people of the Province by reason of the large sums they are 
 compelled to pay for such books." , ,, 
 
 This motion, embodying several wise and necessary 
 reforms, was voted down on division. (Votes and Proceed- 
 ings, Ontario Legislature, Jan. 14th, 1898, page 306.) 
 
 The School Book Outrage. 
 
 By excessive profits allowed to the publishers and Royal- 
 ties to the authors the price of all the Ontario text. books has 
 been unduly increased, thus taking thousands of dollars 
 annually out of the pockets of the people. 
 
 In the first session of 1897, Mr. Robertson, one of the 
 authors of Robertson & Birchard's High School Algebra 
 was examined before the Public Accounts Committee (see 
 Journal), he stated that they received 15 per cent, on the 
 retail price as Royalty, equal to ii^ cents on each copy, 
 On being asked if he received $8uo a year for his half of 
 Royalty or $(600 for Mr. Birchard and himself he declined to 
 answer, and the majority ofths Committee, Messrs. Cleland 
 Davis, Harcourt, Haycock, Macnish and Middleton, voted to 
 sustain the ruling of the chairman, Mr. Charlton, that Mr. 
 Robertson need not answer the question on the ground that 
 " we have nothing to do with the private affairs of a 
 gentleman." 
 
 It is fair to assume that l^essrs. Robertson and Birchard 
 have been receiving $I,5CXD yearly for the past eleven years 
 for Royalty on this Algebra, or $16,500 for work that should 
 be done for $1,000. , v ., . ,. , ,. ,•,,;. 
 
 There are 25,000 pupils in the High Schools and Collegiate 
 
33 
 
 Institutes studying Algebra, and the annual sale is said to be 
 I3,(xoto 14,000 copies. 
 
 The secret commission of Mr. Ross reported on this Algebra 
 that, " The capital account has not yet been realized on this 
 book, the profit is not excessive, and the price cannot be 
 reasonably reduced." As it is fair to assume that 150,000 
 copies of the book have been sold, the worthlessness of the 
 report of the commission is apparent. 
 
 • The School Readers. 
 
 In 1895. on a division, the Government carried a renewal 
 of the contract for publishing the Readers for 10 years. The 
 Publishers paid $9,000 for a set of plates covering about 1,500 
 pages, and the immense profit can be worked out from the 
 following table of prices, pages in book, and number of pupils 
 using sanae : — 
 
 Pages Pupils Using Price 
 
 1st Reader, Part I.. . . . . 64 100,605 10 cents 
 
 " n 94 65,371 15 " 
 
 and Reader 184 84,048 20 " 
 
 3rd " ^280 91,527 30 " 
 
 4th •* 344 82,170 40 " 
 
 High School 512 25,000 50 " 
 
 The quantity of paper in the 64 page Reader would be 
 equal to that in the eight page Mail and Empire or Globe 
 (32 book pages to a sheet) selling for one cent. Allowing for 
 better paper, binding, and a fair profit to the Retailer it 
 should be sold for five cents. The Opposition have quoted 
 the Irish Readers as a contrast in price, but have never 
 advocated their introduction. Part I. of the Irish Sixth Reader 
 printed on good paper, 240 pag^es, sells for five pence sterling 
 or ten cents, and in proportion the Canadian 1st Reader 
 should sell for four cents. All of these books pay Royalties 
 and this first reader is a sample. $5,000 saved each year on one 
 book may be nothing to Mr. Ross, but it is something to the 
 public. 
 
33 
 The Examination Extortions. 
 
 In 1886 the amount received by the Education Depart- 
 ment for examination fees and appeals was $6,711. Since 
 that time and especially under the rule of Mr. Ross the process 
 of forcing nearly all the High School pupils to t?.ke the De- 
 partmental examinations has been so developed that in 1896 
 the amount received was $33,949. Under the criticism of the 
 Opposition the fees were slightly reduced, the maximum being 
 brought down from $7 to $5, and in 1897 the amount received 
 was $29,610. This however does not represent th? total 
 amount paid, as an almost equal amount goes to the Trustees, 
 and practically $6o,coo was taken from the pupils or their 
 parents far examination fees. 
 
 This tax is not however the greatest evil. The result has 
 been to make the passing of the Departmental examination 
 the sole end and object of the instruction in the High School, 
 in place of making the examination a mere incident to test the 
 progress of the pupil. Instead of education we have a process 
 of cramming which is not education. Mr. Ross says he has 
 lessened the number of examinations, (which may be doubted) 
 but he has certainly increased by thousands the number who 
 are compelled to take paid examinations. 
 
 In 1892 candidates to the number of 6,695 tried the De- 
 partmental and Matriculation Examinations. In 1896, four 
 years later, this number Increased to 1 3,220, or nearly doubled in 
 
 four years. 
 
 Schools of equal standing such as Upper Canada College 
 
 have examinations but they are not paid for, and there is no 
 
 necessity for the exaction of a very large proportion of the fees 
 
 now taken from the parents. A remedy for this state of things 
 
 would be one of the matters to be laid before the Advisory 
 
 Council of Education proposed to be formed by the Opposition, 
 
 and there is no doubt that they will in the reorganization of our 
 
 Educational system be able to supply the needed reform. 
 
 Outof 1 3,220 pupils who tried the Departmental and 
 
 Matriculation examinations in 1896, the Minister of Educations' 
 
34 
 Report shows that nearly 10,000, or to be exact 9,750, were 
 plucked and only 3,470 passed. Three out of four ; and these 
 plucked pupils paid over $40,000 in examination fees under the 
 belief that they had some chance of passing. Out of 1,021 who 
 paid an extra $2 for an appeal, only 182 passed, who are Included 
 in the 3,470. 
 
 THE TIMBER LICENSE QUESTION. 
 
 A COMPARISON of the Opposition and Government 
 policies upon the timber resources of Ontario affords 
 the strongest evidence that, after neglecting for many 
 years to follow the true course in this matter, the Ministers 
 are now simply trying to hoodwink the people. 
 
 I. The Opposition have consistently advocated, and pressed 
 upon the Government, the policy of manufacturing the log? 
 in Ontario. Previous to the general election of December, 
 1886, the then Opposition leader, in his address to the Lon- 
 don electors, said : 
 
 " Vast areas of the timber lands of the Province are placed 
 under license without the assent of the Assembly." 
 
 " No attempt has been made to prevent, by proper condi- 
 tions, the logs cut upon our timber lands from being exported, 
 instead of being manufactured in this country, and prac 
 tically nothing has been done looking to the development 
 of our mineral wealth or the husbanding of our timber 
 
 resources" 
 
 There was foresight in this policy, because the export of 
 Ontario logs to the United States at that date was only 
 378,000 feet, valued at $2,284. It would have been a simpler 
 course to have nipped the wholesale export movement in the 
 bud, but by neglecting to make manufacture at home an in. 
 dispensable condition at every timber limit sale the Govern- 
 ment allowed the tendency to develop until in 189^ 
 
35 
 211,745.000 feet were taken out of the country to be manu- 
 factured in a foreign land. In this way, over looo million 
 feet of Ontario logs have gone to the foreign mills, and our 
 own people deprived of that much work. 
 
 2. In 1893, the Opposition brought the matter up in the 
 Legislature, when Mr. Miscampbell, member for East Simcoe, 
 moved the following resolution (Legislative Assembly Jour- 
 nals, 1893, p. 148) : iM / • 
 
 " That this House disapproves of the policy of disposing 
 " of the timber reserve of the Province without its approval 
 " being first obtained, and is of opinion that the right to cut 
 " timber upon the present reserves should be sold under such 
 ** conditions as will insure the manufacture of the lumber cut 
 ** therefrom within the Province, and more effectually guard 
 ** against the unnecessary cutting and destruction of small 
 ** timber growing in such reserves." 
 
 This resolution the supporters of the Government voted 
 down. 
 
 Again in 1894 the Opposition pressed its policy upon the 
 the House. Mr. Miscampbell moved (Legislative Assembly 
 Journals, 1894, page 131): 
 
 " This House disapproves of the large expenditures which 
 " are made annually by the Crown Lands Department for 
 ** Surveys, amounting to upwards of $35,000 per annum, and 
 " of the sums paid by the Department to unnecessary Crown 
 " Lands agents, and it regrets that the Executive and the De- 
 " partment persist in the practice of disposing of the Crown 
 " Timber reserves of the Province without consulting or ob- 
 " taining the approval of the representatives of the people in 
 " this House, and wholly fail to take any adequate steps for 
 ** preserving the standing timber, and especially the smaller 
 " trees, from unnecessary waste and c^estruction ; and this 
 " House deplores the improvidence which characterizes the 
 ** management and disposal of the timber upon these reserves, 
 ** which has destroyed, in many parts of the the country, the 
 
3<5 
 
 saw milling industries, which flourished there, and has trans* 
 ferred the business which they formerly carried on to the 
 State of Michigan and other States of the neighboring 
 Republic, and is fast depriving the Province of its most 
 valuable asset, and one, if adequately and intelligently cared 
 for, safeguarded and managed, would continue to furnish a 
 large revenue to the Province for years to come, but which, 
 as now mismanaged, is rapidly disappearing." 
 
 The division was as follows : 
 
 Yeas: 
 
 J-) 
 
 'i •), 
 
 
 Messieurs 
 
 .'<i , 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Hudson, 
 
 Reid, 
 
 Campbell (Algoma), 
 
 , Kerns, 
 
 Rorke, 
 
 Campbell (Durham) 
 
 , McColl, 
 
 Ryerson, 
 
 Clancy, 
 
 Magwood, 
 
 Smith, (Frontenac), 
 
 Clarke (Toronto), 
 
 Marter, 
 
 Tooley, 
 
 Fell, 
 
 Meacham 
 
 White 
 
 Glendinning, 
 
 Meredith 
 
 Whitney, 
 
 Godwin, 
 
 Miscampbell, 
 
 Willoughby, 
 
 Hammell, 
 
 Monk, 
 
 Wood (Hastmgs),-29 
 
 Hiscott, 
 
 Preston 
 
 f 1 , 
 
 • ■■•,,■ ^ ' ■ . .1 
 
 • V 
 
 * * - , 
 
 Nays: 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 . , Messieurs 
 
 .-7'"'.* • ..■;-';■ ' ■ "' .,' 
 
 Allan, ,,,. ,^, 
 
 Dryden, . '^ ^ .;, 
 
 .,-.,11 ■ 
 
 McNaughton, . , , 
 
 ^^•■^y* ,< .!• ^ 
 
 Evanturel, j 
 
 Mack, 
 
 Balfour, 
 
 Ferguson, ;,' 
 
 Mackenzie, 
 
 Barr (Renfrew), 
 
 Field, ; • ' 
 
 Moore. 
 
S7 
 
 Baxter, 
 
 Garrow, 
 
 Mowat. 
 
 Biggar, 
 
 Gibson (Hamilton), O'Connor, 
 
 Bishop, 
 
 Gibson (Huron), 
 
 Paton, 
 
 Blezard, 
 
 Guthrie, 
 
 Robillard, 
 
 Bronson, 
 
 Harcourt, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 Hardy 
 
 Sharpe 
 
 Carpenter 
 
 Harty 
 
 Smith (Peel) 
 
 Charlton 
 
 Kirk wood 
 
 Snider 
 
 Clarke (Lanark) 
 
 Lockhart 
 
 Sprague 
 
 Cleland 
 
 Loughrin 
 
 Stratton 
 
 Conmee 
 
 McKay (Oxford) 
 
 Tait 
 
 Dack 
 
 McKay (Victoria) 
 
 Waters 
 
 Davis 
 
 McKechnie 
 
 Wood Brant)-5J 
 
 Dowling 
 
 McMahon 
 
 
 S—After the adoption of the Dingley Tariff by the U. 
 S. Congress (July 24th, 1897) with its higher duties on Canadian 
 lumber, public opinion in Ontario became aroused by the 
 continuance ofa policy here which favored the export of un- 
 manufactured logs free to a foreign country which was increas- 
 ing the duties on our manufactured lumber. 
 
 The Opposition leader, Mr. Whitney, during his tour 
 took early occasion to declare and emphasize the policy of the 
 Opposition to be, as before, the imposition of the restriction 
 compelling the sawing of the logs in Ontario. 
 
 What did the Gpy^f^mppf: jdp?^ They hesitated and 
 trifled with the question. The celebrated Sje^ref interview with 
 the deputation of Michigan lumbermen took place, and the 
 deputation went home with smiling facesl^'^Itife '*i6teM*^drthy 
 that one member of the Cabinet declared in the Hoiwe during 
 the past session that this interview took place at 11 o-Jdodkjirt 
 the morning, while another declared 2 o'clock in the afterttObW 
 to have been the hour ! Then, Sept. 21, the Govt, with a great 
 flourish, passed an Order in Council declaring that lumbermen's 
 supplies must be purchased in Canada and that only residents 
 
38 ' 
 
 of Canada were to be employed by the lumbermen. This was 
 put forward asapatriotic policy that would meet the emergency. 
 But it turned out that this was the very policy recommended by 
 the Michigan lumbermen themselves as one that would be quite 
 satisfactory to them. When the official report of this secret 
 conference was made public it contained the following clause : 
 
 " These gentlemen also represented that in their operations 
 they employed very few American labourers, and bought 
 their supplies almost exclusively in the Canadian markets, 
 and that regulations requiring them to employ Canadian 
 labour, and purchase Canadian supplies, would be quite 
 agreeable to them." 
 
 The Order-in-Council was, therefore, nothing more than a 
 
 barefaced attempt to hoodwink the people of Ontario. 
 
 4. — As public opinion continued to be unsatisfied, the 
 Legislatute was called avowedly to consult the representatives 
 of the province on the timber question. The Opposition, 
 having nothing to conceal, and having a consistent patriotic 
 policy to propound took an early opportunity to move it. 
 Mr. Miscampbell moved, as an amendment to the address in 
 reply to the speech from the throne, the following : — 
 
 "We join in the regret expressed by your Honour with 
 refererce to the increased duty imposed by the Government 
 of the .. -ted States on pine and other lumber imported into 
 the country, and also regret that the Government of the 
 Province has not taken steps to compel the manufacture into 
 lumber in Canada of all saw logs cut under licenses issued by 
 the Department of Crown Lands." 
 
 On this motion Mr. Hardy, the Attorney-General, and 
 Mr. Gibson, the Commissioner of Crown Lands, argued 
 earnestly and at length against the imposition of the re- 
 striction. They and their followers, paid marked attention 
 to a speech by Mr. W. A. Charlton, who was evidently put 
 up to speak by the Ministers, in which he declared that ther« 
 was timber enough in the Province to last 152 years ! 
 
39 
 
 After rejecting the motion, after speaking against the 
 poh'cy it embodied, after indicating in every possible way 
 that they did not believe in the wisdom or necessity of impos- 
 ing a restriction on the export of logs, the Government 
 brought in a Bill providing that all licenses or permits there- 
 after to be granted to cut pine timber should be subject to the 
 condition of being manufactured in Ontario. No Bill to effect 
 this was required. The Government had the power to do all 
 that was necessary by Order-in-Council. According to the law 
 respecting timber on Crown Lands (Revised Statutes of 
 Ontario, Chap. 28, Sect, i) timber limits are sold:— 
 
 " Subject to such conditions, regulations, and restrictions 
 "as may from time to time be established by the Lieut- 
 " Governor-in-Council, and of which notice may be given in 
 " the Ontario Gazette." The Government could have taken 
 instant action. But by passing an Act which does not come 
 into force until April 29, 1898, and may be disallowed by the 
 Dominion Government, while action by Order-in-Council could 
 not be interfered with by Federal authority, they tided the 
 question over the elections, which is another attempt to hood- 
 wink the electors. 
 
 On the 3rd reading of this bill, Mr. Whitney moved 
 (Votes and Proceedings, Legislative Assembly p. 303, January 
 14, 1898) that the manufacturing condition shall be imposed 
 on all existing timber licenses (except certain berths in 
 Algoma and Thunder Bay specially exempted in the Bill.) 
 
 And the Amendment, having been put, was lost on the fol- 
 lowing division : 
 
 ■' Yeas. - ' 
 
 ' ' !' . 
 
 Messieurs : 
 
 
 Beatty (Leeds), 
 Beatty (Parry Sound), 
 Brower, 
 Bush, 
 
 Miscott, 
 Kerns, 
 Kidd, 
 Langford, 
 
 Meacham, 
 
 Miscampbell, 
 
 Preston, 
 
 Reid (Addington), 
 
q40 
 
 CrawftrfcV-Ofi viavo ni prMftgwood, 
 FaiPiiaj to '(.ii«>'Ojyn lo niolMarter, 
 jGurdn:>/ox) sHj ,«^oI liMatheson, 
 
 }:)0>'5ooHliao;i .oiifiJnC NAYS. 
 
 ilii ob oJ Tjwoq oriJ bf>d 
 
 ■^rA'.>t\UM ^^(ubioooA .Vv Messieurs: 
 
 Barr 
 saxtpr. 
 
 Ryerson, 
 St. John, 
 Whitney, 
 Willoughby.— 25 
 
 :bk)<i 3Tr> 
 
 Uaxter, , , , , ., 
 •BSJettf ,'«' '^='''.' 
 
 fij-ns/cT aci '{firm 331 
 
 if,':?5*ovijd bh;oD i 
 Burt, , , , 
 
 CampjDdl, ,, ., 
 
 Carpenter, ,^ . 
 
 Caven, , 
 
 Cleland, 
 
 Conmeci 
 
 Craig, , , 
 
 Currie, 
 
 Daim. 
 
 Davis, 
 
 Dictc'ensoiiy 
 
 Dry den, 
 
 Dynes, 
 
 Farwell, 
 
 Ferguson, 
 
 Field, 
 
 Flatt, 
 
 Garrow, 
 
 German, 
 
 Gibson (Hamilton), 
 
 Gibson (Huron)i 
 
 Harcourt, 
 
 Hard:>^, 
 
 Haycock, 
 
 Hobbs, 
 
 Loughrin, 
 
 Macnish, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 McKay (Oxford), 
 
 McKay (Victoria), 
 
 McKee, 
 
 McLaren, 
 
 McLean, 
 
 Pairs. 
 
 Smith, 
 Hardy, 
 
 • • • • • • • 
 
 McNaughton, 
 
 McNeil, 
 
 McNicol,. 
 
 McPherson, 
 
 Middleton, 
 
 Moore, 
 
 Mutrie, 
 
 O'Keefe, 
 
 Pardo, 
 
 Paton, 
 
 PattuUo, 
 
 Richardson, 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 Robillard, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 Shore, 
 
 Stratton, 
 
 Taylor, 
 
 Truax, 
 
 Tucker. — 60. 
 
 . . McCallum. 
 Reid (Durham) 
 
 In the debate on the amendment Mr. Gibson, Commis- 
 sioner of Crown Lands, declared that the Government had 
 
made up their raMitfvJhgt^i^ic^CaaHo^Htilimber of weeks 
 before the House met ! ThiS-iaAa.amazing statement. Then, 
 the assertion about ^ummoning^ the Legislature to consult ^J±lJS 
 members on^'thfs^ i<M^i m 'htti^^iy^'pr^m^HnS ^UXn 
 Messrs. Gib§5ni^a^^ii^y^(n4T^f'(^^lia^6^rf%^ 
 to the addrfe;'%6'a'li^r4rW4^^^^ 
 of the restncHon^'tHey' ^pM dec^lvTag 'dhd<'h(kxiWinWhg 
 people, having'^aliready/ ace'(!)rcIiHg to 'Mfi^^^lb'sori, dfeCideid'tfal 
 impose the rWricyioti'bn ^liiiperi^^ aftet tK^ S^ih of April,' 
 1898. What a hiirnili^tirig;' pbki^lon' ^fte' GoVerrlMent occu|jies 
 on this iquesti^onl .fja^ml^c^^^^^ con^; 
 
 suit the me^mbers on tliis' "i^'ubSeidt; f he ' GoVertiml^t c6mhiat§ 
 with all ^s power tH^ isf^poyiiibh 'of 'Nfr. Whitrtey, to itfipose 
 the restriction ; several weeks after the sessiSri opened they 
 capitulated and adopted Mr. Whitney's policy, except as to 
 licenses in force for the current.year, thus turning into ridicule 
 their arguments and professions of a few weeks before, shame- 
 lessly asserting also that-ill 'th^''' time they were arguing 
 against fl]^^ jpri^^^sition of the restriction, they had already 
 decided" to.jjrippj^ it; anc^^'^fii^al^v^mposingr iylly^m wlif^^ 
 will give We Uominion GobernmenlJhe omorfUMiVW dtidltv^ 
 
 .ailloH 
 
 occupied by^,^^5^padian Goy^n^n|^nt 
 
 ^(mfifhuCI; ,bt-jH,i'no33n'EbbA)bb^ .biuO 
 
 ^S — ,>(df{sij0nt7/ 
 
 
 tii/steasU 4 
 
 .ifarrn'jH 
 
 ,r!na 
 
 (IbdcffnfiJ 
 
 4no?.no-rfI 
 
 ,9lq(|iif{'3 
 
 ,[tf)7£'J 
 
 ,3'.unnoD 
 
 .bfTfifsD 
 
 ,X91V/A 
 
42 
 
 THE FEE SYSTEM. 
 
 THE following resolution was moved on the 7th day of 
 March, i89S (See Journals, 1895, page 35) and sets forth 
 the Conservative Policy. Mr. Willoughby moved in amend- 
 ment, seconded by Mr. Kerns, "That in the opinior\ of this 
 House the present mode of paying Registrars of Deeds and 
 other County Officials is unsatisfactory ; that said officials 
 should be paid by salary, such salaries to be commensurate 
 with the duties performed, and the surplus fees if any, should 
 be funded for the benefit of the municipalities." 
 
 And the amendment, having been put, was lost on th« 
 following division : — 
 
 Yeas : 
 
 Beatty (Leeds), 
 
 Beatty (Parry Sound), 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Carnegie, 
 
 Crawford, 
 
 FoUis, 
 
 Gurd, 
 
 Ryerson, 
 
 Awrey, 
 Blezard, 
 Carpenter, 
 Charlton, 
 
 Messieurs 
 
 
 Hiscott, 
 
 Magwood, 
 
 ), Howland, 
 
 Marter, 
 
 Kerns, 
 
 Matheson, 
 
 Langford, 
 
 Meacham, 
 
 Little, 
 
 Miscampbell, 
 
 McCallum, 
 
 Preston, 
 
 Reid(Addir 
 
 igton),Reid, (Durham), 
 
 St. John, 
 
 Whitney, 
 
 
 Willoughby,— 25, 
 
 Nays : 
 
 
 , Messieurs 
 
 
 Barr, 
 
 Bennet, 
 
 Bronson, 
 
 Campbell, 
 
 Caven, 
 
 Chappie, 
 
 Cleland, 
 
 Conmee, 
 
 1 '■ 
 
Craig, 
 
 Davis, 
 
 Evauturel, 
 
 Field, 
 
 Garrow, 
 
 Gibson (Huron), 
 
 Hardy, 
 
 Hobbs, 
 
 McKay (Oxford), 
 
 McLaren, 
 
 McNeil, 
 
 Moore, 
 
 O'Keefe, 
 
 Richardson, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 Stratton, 
 
 43 
 
 Currie, 
 
 Dryden, 
 
 Farwell, 
 
 Flatt, 
 
 German, 
 
 Haggerty, 
 
 Harty, 
 
 Lough rin, 
 
 McKay (Victoria), 
 
 McLean, 
 
 McNichol, 
 
 Mowat, 
 
 Pardo, 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 Shore, 
 
 Taylor, 
 
 Dana, 
 
 Dynes, 
 
 Ferguson, 
 
 Gamey, 
 
 Gibson (Hamilton), 
 
 Harcourt, 
 
 Haycock, 
 
 McDonald, 
 
 McKee, 
 
 McNaughton, 
 
 McPherson, 
 
 Mutrie, 
 
 Paton, 
 
 Robillard, 
 
 Smith, 
 
 Truax, 
 
 Wood — 62. 
 
 On the 19th of March, 1895, Mr. Meacham moved in 
 amendment, seconded by Mr. Matheson : — 
 
 " That in the opinion of this House, the present mode of 
 appointing Registrars of Deeds and other county officials is 
 unsatisfactory and should be changed ; and that the appoint- 
 ment of all the said ofificials, whose salary or remuneration is 
 provided in whole or mainly by the localities for which they 
 are appointed, should not be vested in the Executive of the 
 Province, but in the people of the locality through their 
 municipal bodies." 
 
 This amendment was voted down by the Government 
 and their supporters. 
 
 On the loth of March, 1897, Mr. Little moved, seconded 
 by Mr. Brower, " That in the opinion of this House the 
 present mode of appointing Registrars of Deeds and other 
 county officials is unsatisfactory and should be changed, and 
 that the appointment of all the said officials whose salary or 
 remuneration is provided in whole or mainly by the localities 
 
 z' 
 
44 
 for which they are appointed should not be vested in the 
 Executive of the Province, but in the people of the locality 
 through their municipal bodies." 
 
 This motion was voted down by the Government and 
 their supporters. 
 
 COLONIZATION ROADS. 
 
 How the Money is Wasted. 
 
 IN THE construction of bridges out of ccolonization funds, 
 a very large proportion of the money expended goes to 
 pay bosses and overseers, while the amounts paid for labor 
 are correspondingly small. 
 
 The following figures taken from the official record show 
 the amounts expended in several instances for overseers and 
 labor respectively. 
 
 COMBERMERE BRIDGE. 
 Account of B. Wicket. 
 
 To amount of pay as overseer in charge of Comber- 
 mere bridge from nth February to 25th April, 
 both days inclusive, 74 days at $3 50 per day $259 00 
 
 To amount of pay lists of working parties 565 52 
 
 (See Journals of 189 1, page 103.) 
 
 COMMANDA CREEK BRIDGE. 
 Account of B. Wicket. 
 
 To amount of pay as overseer in charge of Commanda 
 Creek bridge from 23rd March to 5th June, both 
 days inclusive, 34 days at $3.50 per day 119 00 
 
 To amount of pay lists of working parties 123 84 
 
 (See Journals of 1891, page 97.) 
 
\ 45 
 
 EAST RIVER BRIDGE. 
 
 Account of B, Wickett. 
 
 To amount of pay as overseer in charge of East River 
 bridge from 24th Oct., to loth February, both 
 days inclusive, 56 days, at $3.50 per day. $196 00 
 
 To amount of p y lists of working parties 183 79 
 
 ' ' (See Journals 1 891, page 85.) , 
 
 STEPHENSON TOWN LINE BRIDGE. 
 Account of B. Wickett. 
 
 To amount of pay as overseer in charge of Stephen- 
 son Town Line bridge from June to 17th October, 
 both days inclusive, 68 days, at $3.50 per day. . .$238 00 
 
 To amount of pay lists of working parties 137 10 
 
 (See Journals 1891, page 91.) 
 
 DRAPER BRIDGE. 
 Account of Thos. Halliday, Overseer. 
 
 To amount of pay as overseer in charge of re-building 
 the Draper bridge from 4th August to 31st Oct., 
 both days inclusive, 69 days, at $3.50 per day $241 50 
 
 To amount of pay lists of working parties Nos. i to 3 .$312 27 
 (See Journals 1891, page 169.) 
 
 TROUT CREEK BRIDGE. 
 Account of B. Wickett, Overseer. 
 
 To amount of pay as overseer in charge of Trout Creek 
 bridge from 23rd Jur>e to 26th October, both days 
 inclusive, at $3.50 per day — 33 days actually en- 
 gaged framing, constructing and overseeing ; 5 
 days looking after timber and iron, and taking 
 measurements of Menzies' bridge $133 CO 
 
 To amount of pay lists of working parties 69 82 
 
 (See Journals 1891, page 165.) 
 
46 / 
 
 GURD BRIDGE. 
 
 Account of B. Wickett, Overseer. 
 
 To amount of pay as overseer in charge of Gurd 
 bridge repairs from 27th October to 2nd Novem- 
 ber, both days inclusive, 7 days at $3.50 per day $ 24 50 
 
 To amount of pay lists working parties 14 62 
 
 (See Journals i89i, page 155) 
 MUSQUOSH BRIDGE— 1890 
 
 Account of B. Wickett, Overseer. 
 
 To amount of pay as overseer in charge of Musquosh 
 bridge from 3rd of July to 6th of Sept., both days 
 inclusive, 40 days at 3.50 per day $f7l-50 
 
 To amount of pay lists of working parties Nos. i to 3 $ 92-93 
 
 (See Journals 1891, page 15 5) 
 
 SQUANDERING COLONIZATION ROAD MONEY. 
 
 During an investigation before the Public Accounts 
 Committee in 1892 it was shown that J. D. Simpson, a road 
 Inspector in the service of the Government drew $7 a day ; 
 that he was absent 195 days from his home at Sarnia ; that 
 during that time the gross amount paid Simpson was $1,418.- 
 50 ; a demand was made for his expense account ; he started 
 for Sarnia but until this day the account has never been torth 
 coming. 
 
 The following amounts paid Superintendents and Inspec- 
 tors clearly establishes how much red tape and sealing wax 
 there is about the present Government's management 
 
47 
 
 The Superintendent of Colonization Roads, Henry Smith, 
 receives a salary of $i,9CX).oo a year. 
 
 (See Pub. Ace, 1897, page 31.) 
 
 For 1894: 
 
 Henry Smith, Supt. of Colonization Roads..., . ..$1900.00 
 
 John Boyd, Inspector 876.43 
 
 M. Dwyer 1243.60 
 
 J. D. Simpson 1 2 1 7 . 90 
 
 M. Lounsbury 1477 • 40 
 
 C F. Aylesworth 1473 . 55 
 
 Other persons 1 1 . 00 
 
 Total $8199.88 
 
 (See Pub. Ace, 1894, page 323.) 
 For 1895 : 
 
 Henry Smith, Supt. of Colonization Roads $1900.00 
 
 J. D. Simpson, Inspector 1374.95 
 
 C. F. Aylesworth iS3i-40 
 
 M. Lounsbury - 1491 . oS 
 
 John Boyd 2017.85 
 
 M. Dwyer 1760.00 
 
 Other persons 218.00 
 
 Total $10293 . 25 
 
 (See Pub. Ace, 1895, page 325.) 
 For 1896: 
 
 Henry Smith, Supt. Colon. Roads $1900.00 
 
 J. D. Simpson, Insp. " " 1256.59 
 
 C. F. Aylesworth 1487 . 60 
 
 M. Lounsbury 1368.15 
 
 M. Dwyer 1559-85 
 
 John Boyd 1 503 . 75 
 
 Other persons 36.25 
 
 Total $9112.19 
 
48 
 
 (See Pub. Ace, 1896, page 371.) ' 
 
 For 1897: "' ' ■ '•"• ' '- ' 
 
 Henry Smith, Supt. of Col. Roads. $1900.00 
 
 M. Dwyer 1750.00 
 
 John Boyd 1350.00 
 
 J. D. Simpson 1250.00 
 
 C. F. Aylesworth 1600.95 
 
 M. Lounsbury 1429.80 
 
 Total $9280.75 
 
 Recapitulation. 
 
 1894 $ 8199.88 
 
 1895 10293.25 
 
 1896 9112.19 
 
 1897 9280.75 
 
 Total for four years $36,886.07 
 
 This large sum has been taken from the Public Funds of 
 Ontario to provide hungry followers with office. 
 
 The following resolution moved on the 21st of December, 
 1897, sets forth clearly the Conservative policy in regard to 
 the Expenditure of Colonization Road money. 
 
 Mr. Reid {Addington) moved in amendment, seconded by 
 Mr. Carnegie, 
 
 "That all the words of the Motion after the word " That " 
 be struck out and the following substituted " this House is of 
 th^ btjt^ifciilthAt rtibney^vdtfed^'f6/ Colonization Roads in 
 
49 
 Districts where Municipal Government exist, should, as far as 
 practicable, and under such inspection as may be necessary to 
 insure the application of such moneys to the purposes for which 
 they are voted, be expended by the Municipal authorities." 
 
 And the amendment, having been put, was lost on the 
 following division : — 
 
 Yeas. 
 
 
 Messieurs : 
 
 
 Beatty (Leeds) 
 
 Kerns 
 
 Meacham, 
 
 Brower, 
 
 Kidd, 
 
 Miscampbell, 
 
 Bush, 
 
 Langford, 
 
 Preston, 
 
 Carnegie, 
 
 Little, 
 
 Reid (Addington), 
 
 Crawford, 
 
 McCallum, 
 
 Reid (Durham), 
 
 Fallis, 
 
 Magwood, 
 
 St. John, 
 
 Haggerty, 
 
 Marter 
 
 Whitney, 
 
 Hiscott, 
 
 Matheson, 
 
 Willoughby — 24. 
 
 Nays. 
 
 I , Messieurs : 
 
 Auld, . Dryden, 
 
 Barr, Farwell, 
 
 Baxter, Ferguson, 
 
 Beatty(Parry So'nd)Flatt, 
 
 Bennett, Garrow, 
 
 Blezard, Gibson (Hamilton), 
 
 Burt, 1 , Gibson (Huron), 
 
 Campbell, Harcourt, 
 
 Carpenter, ,. Hardy, 
 
 McNeil, 
 
 McPherson, 
 
 Middleton, 
 
 Moore, 
 
 Mutrie, , 
 
 O'Kerfe,:" =?'"''""? 
 
 Pardo, ' '"^ '""'"'^t 
 
 „ ^ '10 Inuomn oni 
 
 Paton, t 
 
 P tt 11 ^ .eiJR'^x 
 
 ■' ;.'"(' 
 
50 
 
 Cavcn, 
 
 •» ' 
 
 Richardson, 
 
 Charlton, 
 
 Harty, 
 
 Robertson, 
 
 Cleland, 
 
 Loughrin, 
 
 Robillard, 
 
 Conmee, 
 
 Macnish, 
 
 Ross, 
 
 Currie, 
 
 McKay (Victoria), 
 
 Smith, 
 
 Dana, 
 
 McKee, 
 
 Taylor, 
 
 Davis, 
 
 McLean, 
 
 Truax 
 
 Dickenson, 
 
 McNaughton, 
 
 Tuckei— 51. 
 
 Pairs. 
 
 Biggar Dynes. 
 
 Hobbs ' Shore. 
 
 German Gurd. 
 
 (^raig McDonald. 
 
 Chappie McLaren. 
 
 Stratton Ryerson. 
 
 The nichlgan Lumber Steal. 
 
 The facts relating to the Moore Lumber Company affair 
 can be related in a few words. This Michigan corporation 
 had timber limits in Ontario, and it was its duty to preserve 
 an accurate report of its c\it, that the stumpage dues might be 
 levied according to law. One of its officers kept a double 
 record. In ono^record he gave the correct figures for the 
 guidance of the company. In another he entered fraudulent 
 figures for the use of the Government officials in calculating 
 the amount of the dues. This process continued during four 
 years, and as a result fifteen million feet of timber passed 
 from the Crowa Lands to the Michigan mills without pay- 
 
5» 
 mcnt of the tax. The law is that when such a fraud is 
 discovered the Government may fine the limit owner, or may 
 confiscate hi.s limit. According to the report and to the 
 declarations of Mr. Hardy, in the House, neither fine nor 
 confiscation was determined upon. Quite the contrary ; the 
 amount that ought to have been paid in the first instance was 
 calculated, and from this sum — $15.712 — an allowance of just 
 upon $5,000 was made on the ground that some of the timber 
 consisted of culls. The Michigan company paid its $10,861 — 
 the full sum, less the $5,000 discount — and got off scot free. 
 In Peterborough, the other day, Mr. John Green addressing 
 a public audience, contrasted the treatment accorded to the 
 Michigan firm with that meteu out to a Canadian some years 
 ago. "The late W. A. Scott, of Peterborough," he said, 
 "owing to the wrongdoing of an agent of the Government, 
 " had had his limits confiscated by the Government. A 
 " deputation of Peterborough citizens, Grits and Tories, pro- 
 " tested to the Government against the action. The Govern- 
 *' ment then imposed a fine of $26,000. The reason for this 
 " fine, the Government claimed, was that Mr. Scott had 
 " shipped out more lumber than had been accounted for to 
 "the Government ; but Mr. Scott's friends explained that 
 " this lumber had not all been taken off Government lands. 
 " A good deal of it came off Mr. Scott's own private lands." 
 So that there is one brand of justice for the Michigan man, 
 and another for the Canadian. The Michigan operator, when 
 found out, is permitted to go on payment of two-thirds of the 
 amount out of which his officers tried to defraud the country. 
 He saves a clear $5,000 by the deal. The Canadian, on the 
 other hand, although claiming thai: there has been no fraud, 
 is first condemned to suffer the confiscation of all his limits, 
 and is finally punished with a fine of $26,000. This sort of 
 thing ought surely to be changed. 
 
S3 
 
 THE LIQUOR LICENSE ADMINIS- 
 TRATION. 
 
 NO ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT are more 
 open to censure than those relating to the 
 administration of the liquor license law. In ever}- 
 district of the Province the working of the License 
 Act has been a lever in the hands of the friends of the 
 Government to assist in keeping the party in power. It 
 has been used most corruptly and most tj^'rannically to oppress 
 and coerce men engaged in the liquor business, and not to the 
 ^nd that temperance should be promoted, and the law enforced, 
 but that the candidates of the Grif party should be elected. 
 Inspectors and commissioners are chosen from the ranks of 
 the Grit party alone, in direct violation of the pledge given 
 by Mr. Mowat when the Act was introduced in 1876, and no 
 more active election agents and canvassers are to be found 
 during a campaign than these very inspectors and com- 
 missioners. In many parts of the Province a regular traffic in 
 licenses has been carried on through the agency of inspectors 
 and commissioners, and in scores of instances respectable men 
 have been forced out of the business and their houses closed 
 until a man of the right political stripe Wcis put in possession 
 of the place, when the license was re-granted. 
 
 That the Grit government prostituted the License Act 
 for the basest purposes, few will deny ; that they have used it 
 to maintain themselves in power is beyond a doubt ; and that 
 temperance men and liquor men have been used as the party 
 slaves and hirelings of a double-dealing administration, pretend- 
 ing at one time to favor prohibition and to enforce a proper 
 respect for the law, and at another time playing into the hands 
 of liquor men and licensees to secure their money, their in- 
 
53 
 fluence and their votes, is plain to any person who watches 
 carefully the movements of the government and its license 
 officials. 
 
 Besides using the Act for party purposes, it has also 
 made the granting of licenses a medium for securing campaign 
 funds and filling the depleted coffers of the treasury at the 
 expense of the municipalities. 
 
 The objections to the License Administration are these : 
 
 (i) The Licensing power is used by the Government as 
 a party machine to promote party interests. 
 
 (2) There is no appeal from the decision of the License 
 Board no matter how unfairly they may have treated an 
 applicant. 
 
 (3) The Inspectors and Commissioners are practically 
 their own pay-masters as there is no statement of their salaries 
 or expenses given in the Public Accounts of the Province. 
 
 (4) Though the number of Licenses has decreased the 
 expenses have largely increased as the following statement 
 will amply verify : — Take the last year before the Scott Act 
 came into force in many Ontario Counties, 1884-5 '• 
 
 The No. of Licenses issued was 3,970 
 
 The Salaries of Inspectors and Expenses of Com- 
 missioners was $49,972 
 
 In 1896-7 No. of Licenses .js.icd 3,096 
 
 Salaries of Inspectors and Commissioners Expenses. .$63,300 
 
 The number of Licenses was 874 less in 18957 than in 
 1884-5, but the salaries of Inspectors and expenses of Com- 
 missioners was $13,328 more. 
 
 (5) The Government has abandoned the pledges given on the 
 passage of the Crooks Act in 1876, that at laast one Conserva- 
 tive should be upon each Board of License Commissioners. 
 They are all Grits now I 
 
54 
 
 (6) The Government has constantly encroached upon the 
 municipal revenues, appropriating more of the License Funds 
 for itself and giving not a cent additional to the people to ard 
 in the payment of their local expenses. Here is a brief table 
 showing how the Government has grabbed: — 
 
 1876-7 — Total License Revenue $439,457 
 
 Allowed to the municipalities 381,243 
 
 Taken by the Government for its own use and the 
 payment of its officials 1 58,2 14 
 
 1884-5 — Total License Revenue $538,714 
 
 Allowed to the municipalities 283,589 
 
 Taken by the Government for itself and its 
 officials 355,125 
 
 The Government has increased its municipal allowance by 
 $5,200 and its own by $196,911. ' . 
 
 1889-90 — Total License Revenue $680,560 
 
 Allowed to in the Municipalities 297,353 
 
 Taken by the Government for itself and its 
 Officers 383,207 
 
 The Government here gave the Municipalities $14,000 
 more than in 1884-5 *nd allowed itself $128,082 more. 
 
 1892-3 — Total License Revenue $664,169 
 
 Allowed to Muncipalities 289,996 
 
 Taken by the Government for itself and its 
 Offfcers 574,173 
 
 Here the Government took $85,000 more than it gave to 
 the people. 
 
If, 
 
 ■; - ■ 55 .. ■ 
 
 1895-6 — Total License Revenue $615,290 
 
 Allowed to Municipalities 267 072 
 
 Taken by the Government for itself and its 
 Officers 348,218 
 
 It will be observed that whereas in 1876 the Municipali- 
 ties were allowed ;$i 23,000 more than the province seized, in 
 1896 the Government took $71,000 more than was allowed to 
 the people. 
 
 The Government has used the license system to get the 
 lion's share of the income and keep down municipal revenue 
 and to push up municipal taxes. 
 
 Our municipalities are so much in debt and so heavily 
 taxed because the Government takes their revenue. 
 It is time for a change. 
 
 f 
 
 * 
 
56 
 
 STARTLING NEPOTISM! 
 
 Public Office a Family Parquisiie 
 
 I 
 
 Here is Premier Hardy's Little List of 
 Relations Who Have Been Appointed 
 
 I. * 
 
 Ifcel Hardy, Father. Store Keeper, London .\sylum. 
 
 2. C. M. Hardy, Son, was a Clerk in the Crown Lands Dept. 
 
 3. Miss S. E. Hardy, Niece, position in Orillia Asylum. 
 
 4. H. R. Hardy, Cousin, Clerk Crown Lands Dept. 
 
 5. W. W. Jeffers, Nephew, Education Department. 
 
 6. C. S. Jones, Law Partner formerly, Registrar of the Crown 
 Lands Department. 
 
 7. Alex. H. Hardy, Brother, appointed Judge by the Domin- 
 ion Government. 
 
 Hon. A. S. Hardy, Attorney-General of Ontario, Salary.$7ooo 
 
 The Attorney-General of Quebec only receives 4000 
 
 The Attorney-General of New Brunswick receives 2100 
 
 The Attorney-General of Nova Scotia receives 1600 
 
 Boss Crocker and Tammany Hall are the only rivals in the 
 world to the Ontario Government. 
 
 *Since deceased 
 
•r 
 
 $7 
 
 Hon. John Dryden's List of Relations Who 
 Have not been Forgotten, 
 
 Hon. John Drydeni the Minister of Agriculture has not 
 
 forgotten his relations. Here are a few of his many relative* 
 
 placed in public positions. - 
 
 Frank Paxton, Cousin, Sheriff Co. of Ontario. 
 
 Geo. W. Dryden, Brother, Registar Co. of Ontario. 
 
 James Paxton, Cousin, Bailiff in Co. of Ontario. 
 
 Dr. Starr, Son-in-Law, temporarily employed by the Govern- 
 ment 
 
 Mr. Gilpin, Official Position Ontario County, Relation by 
 marriage. 
 
5> 
 
 How Can the Citizens of Ontario Expect 
 Liberal Representatives to Vote for 
 Good Measnres Wlien Tliey Are All 
 After Positions ? 
 
 PAST MASTERS OF POLITICAL ARTS I 
 
 Representatives of the People Who Have Either Joined th« 
 
 Great Army of Fee-Fed, or Who Have Recruited 
 
 their Relations. 
 
 NAME. MEMBER FOR OFFICE. 
 
 *^'^rcy S. Wentworth Refristrar, Wentworth 
 
 Bettes Muskoka Sheriflf 
 
 ♦Badgerow E. York .'.County Attorney 
 
 ^^"stie N. Wentworth Prison Inspector 
 
 Clarke N. Norfolk Sheriff, Thunder Bay 
 
 ^^f^^ C. Wellington Clerk of House 
 
 ** (son) Asylum Officer, Kingston 
 
 ^""'6 Weiland Registrar of Lincoln 
 
 C^,;sholra Peel Registrar 
 
 " (son-in, law )County Attorney 
 
 " (son) Insurance Department 
 
 Cascaden W. Elgin Mimico Reformatory 
 
 Chamberlain Dundas Charities Inspector 
 
 Dryden, Hon. John S. Ontario (cousin) Sheriflf 
 
 Drury, Hon. C E. Simcoe Sheriff 
 
 •since Deceased. 
 
59 
 
 Farewell S. Ontario (sob) County Crowa Attorney 
 
 Field, C. C W. Northumberland (brother) Registrar 
 
 " (son) Police Magistrate 
 
 *Fraser Brockville Inspector Registry Offices 
 
 ' * (brother-in-law) late Bursar Central Prigpn 
 
 Gibbons S. Huron Sheriff 
 
 Gould, J. H N, Ontario. . . (brother) Division Court Clerk 
 
 " (brother-in-law) Registry Office 
 
 •' (cousin) Registry Office 
 
 ♦Gow S. Wellington SheriflE 
 
 Graham E. Lambton Bursar 
 
 *Gillies N. Bruce Stipendiary Magistrate 
 
 . Hodgins W. Elgin Master Osgoode Hall 
 
 Hay N. Perth Registrar 
 
 Hagar Prescott Sheriff 
 
 Hawley Lennox Division Court 
 
 Lyon, R, A Algoma Registrar 
 
 ♦Lyon, W. D Halton Stipendiary Magistrate 
 
 *McKellar Bothwell Sheriff, Wentworth 
 
 McMahon Wentwerth Osgoode Hall 
 
 Wood Brant Registrar 
 
 Gilmour W. York Warden, Central Prison 
 
 Guthrie S. Wellington Inspector Registry Offices 
 
 McKim Dufferin (son of M.P.P.) Registrar 
 
 •• N. Wellington Sheriff 
 
 ♦Mack Stormont . .. (brother-in-law)License inspector 
 
 " " (sonin-law)Registrar 
 
 Massie S. Wellington Central Prison 
 
 McLaughlin W. Durham Registrar 
 
 Murray N. Renfrew Sheriff 
 
 McLaws W. Elgin Surrogate Clerk, etc. 
 
 McKenzie E. Middlesex Asylum Store-keeper 
 
 ♦Master S. Waterloo Registrar 
 
 Gibson, Alex Brother. Grit M.P.P., Registrar 
 
 Morin Welland Registrar 
 
 Mc Andrew S. Renfrew Taxing Officer Osgoode Hall 
 
 O'Donohue Ottawa Bureau of Statistics 
 
 O'Connor S. Bruce (brother) Sheriff 
 
 Paxton N. Ontario Sheriff 
 
 Perry N. Oxford Sheriff 
 
 Peck N. Victoria Stipendiary Magistrate 
 
 Phelps W. Simcoe Sheriff 
 
 *8il>C« dWMkMd. 
 
6o 
 
 Pacaud N. Essex License Inspector 
 
 Kobinson Kingston Division Court 
 
 Ross, Hon. A. M Huron County Court Clerk, Toronto 
 
 •• •* ......(son) Immigration Department 
 
 •• "** .... (son) Public Works Department 
 
 " *' (son) London Asylum 
 
 Ross, Hon. G. W W. Middlesex (had daughter)Normal School 
 
 " " (had niece) 
 
 Sinclair N. Bruce Registrar 
 
 Springer N. Waterloo Sheriff 
 
 Williams Hamilton Registrar 
 
 Widdifield N. York Sheriff 
 
 Waters N. Middlesex Rci^istrar 
 
 The following resigrned their seats In the Legislature to accept 
 office at the hands of the Qovernment. Did they not betray the 
 people's trust. 
 
 NAME. MEMBER FOR OFFICE. 
 
 Paxton N. Ontario Sheriff 
 
 K. Gibbons S. Huron Sheriff 
 
 R. Chisholm Peel Registrar 
 
 M. Springer Waterloo Sheriff 
 
 Perry Oxford Sheriff 
 
 These ha^ e been rejected of the people but rewarded by the 
 Qovernmont. They did not approve of the people's choice. 
 
 NAME. CONSTITUENCY. OFFICE. 
 
 Magee London County Crown Attorney 
 
 Dr. Day W. Hastings (Commons) Registrar 
 
 Dr. Hope Hastings Sheriff 
 
 Jas. Procter Cardwell Official Arbitrator 
 
 G. E. Henderson (Commons)Hastings County Crown Attorney 
 
 S. S. Cook Dundas Registrar 
 
 Thos. McDonald Dundas Registrar 
 
 Dr. Chamberlin Dundas Inspector of Prisons, etc. 
 
 J. H. Coyne W. Elgin Registrar 
 
 B. Allan N. Grey (Commons) .... Division Court Clerk 
 
 H. Elliot E. Durham Division Court Clerk 
 
 Jos. Jackson Norfolk (Commons) Sheriff 
 
 D. Mackeniie E. Middlsex London Asylum 
 
6i 
 
 J. Gildersleeve Kingston City RcRistrar 
 
 J. L. Whiting Kingston Clerk of ^he Peace 
 
 J. D. Thompson Kingston Registrar 
 
 J. Ferris W. Northumberland (brother) SheriflF 
 
 -,, „ nephew) Jailer 
 
 wna. Kerr W. Northumberland (Commons) 
 
 ..... (brother) County Crown Attorney 
 
 If the Representatives in the Legislature of the Liberal party in 
 Ontario have been possessed of the greed of place and power, of the lust 
 of office, of an insatiable appetite for public moneys ; must not the re- 
 •ponsibility be placed upon the shoulders of leaders, who, under the cloak 
 of purity, filled the public service with their relatives, and who, behind 
 the cry of patriotism, have practised the most outrageous Nepotism ? 
 
 -6W^{W)^- 
 
 ■»«>■> 
 
 -1 
 
 TORONTO. ' " * 
 
 W. 8. Johnston & Co'y, Printers and Book BiNDBxg. 
 34 Adelaide St West 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 A Few Considerations, etc 3 
 
 Centralization 5 
 
 The Government Appoint and the People Pay. ... 6 
 
 Increase in Representation. 
 
 Redistribution and Increase in Representation 7 
 
 The Gerrymander 8 
 
 $icx),ooo Wasted in Extra Representation 9 
 
 Finances of Ontario. 
 
 Extravagant and Reckless Expenditure 9 
 
 Increasing Expenditure 1 1 
 
 Deficits (1894, 189S, 1896) 12 
 
 •• 1897 15 
 
 Estimates for 1898 16 
 
 Increased Expenditure 16 
 
 Public Institutions 17 
 
 The Surplus 17 
 
 Receipts and Expenditures under Sandfield Mac- 
 
 donald Government 18 
 
 Receipts and Expenditures under Liberal Govern- 
 ment 18 
 
 Trust Funds 20 
 
 Common School Funds 21 
 
 '|- ' Railway Certificate and Annuity Debt 22 
 
 / Annuties 23 
 
 Provincial Debt ,.,• ? 24 
 
 Education Department. "■• 
 
 Public Schools Should Come First 26 
 
 * Advisory Council Advocated. 27 
 
 j \. Text Books, cost of 27 
 
 f ■ ■ 
 
'^;. 
 
 Education Department continued. 
 
 University, Political Control of 29 
 
 Examinations, Number and Expense of . . . . . . .' .* . . 29 
 
 Opposition Policy, Resolution in the House...'..*.' 30 
 
 School Book Outrage f . 
 
 School Readers 
 
 Examination Extortions ...'.. a » 
 
 Timber License Question. 
 
 A Comparison of Policies 
 
 Motions by Mr. Miscampbell 35 
 
 Opposition Policy Emphasized by Mr. Whi'tiiLy '. . . xy 
 
 The Government Trifled with the Question 37 
 
 Motion by Mr. Whitney / 
 
 Amazing Government Statement 4, 
 
 The Fee Syetem. 
 
 Resolution Setting Forth Conservative Policy 42 
 
 Opposition Resolutions 1895-1897 4, 
 
 Colonization Roads. 
 
 How the Money is Wasted 4. 
 
 Squandering Colonization Road Money 46 
 
 Resolution Setting Forth Conservative Policy. . . .' . 48 
 
 Michigan Lumber Steal. 
 
 The Moore Lumber Co. Affair qo 
 
 Case of the late W. A. Scott of Peterboro . . . . .... 51 
 
 The Liquor License Administration. 
 
 Actions of the Government Open to Censure 52 
 
 Objections to License Administration 53 
 
 How the Government Has Grabbed .' 54 
 
 5taKling: Nepotism. 
 
 Premier Hardy's Relations Appointed to Office c6 
 Hon. Mr. Dryden's List f - 
 
 Past Masters of Political Arts 58 
 
 . Hi