CIHM Microfiche Series (l\/lonographs) I s ICIMH Collection de miciofiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. n n D D n n n Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur Covers damaged / Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicul^e Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps / Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material / Reli^ avec d'autres documents Only edition available / Seule Edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serr^ peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / Use peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film^s. Additional comments / Commentalres suppl^mentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6\6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-gtre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^tho- de normale de fllmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es D D D D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur^es et/ou pellicul^es Q Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages d^olor^s, tachet^es ou piques I I Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es I v/| Showthrough / Transparence I I Quality of print varies / Quality in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcles par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont ^t^ film^es d nouveau de fa9on h obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolouratlons are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont fiim^s deux fols afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. This Hem is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below / Ce document eat filmi au taux de rMuctlon indiqu4 ci-dessous. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x • 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x The copy filmtd h«ra has b««n r«produc«d than! • to tha ganaroaity of: Stauffer Library Queen's University Tha imagaa appaaring hara mr* tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacificationa. Original copias in printad papar covars ara fllmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with ^ printad or illustratad impraa- sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad imprasaion. Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol — ^ (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (maaning "END"), whichovar applias. Maps, platas, charts, ate. may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, laft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: L'axamplaira filmA fut raproduit grica i la gtnArositA da: Stauffer Library Queen's University Las imagas suivantas cmt «t« raproduitas avac la plus grand soin. compte tanu da la condition at da la nauat* da t'axamglaira film*, at %n conformit* avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Las axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura en papiar ast imprimia sont filmAs an commancant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darniAra paga qui comporta una ampreinte d'imprassion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont filmAs an commanpant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una ampreinte d'imprassion ou d'illustration at an terminant par la darniAra paga qui comporta una telle ampreinte. Un das symbolas suivants apparaitra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: la symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs i des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour itra reproduit en un seul clich«. il est film* A partir da Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche Jk droite, at de haut an bas, en pranant la nombra d'imagea nicessaira. Las diagrammes suivants lllustrant la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICIOCOTY iESOlUTION TEST CHAIT (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2| A >^PPLIED IM/IGE In 1653 East Uo.n Street f'ochester, Ne* York 14609 u^ {^'6) 462 - 0300 - Phone (716) 288 - 5989 - Fa« REPORT OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA PART N: The Crustacean Life of some Arctic Lagoons, Lakes and Ponds By Frits Johansen SOUTHERN PARTY— 1913-16 1.3 670 1913 C2t V. 007 pt .N c. .3 OTTAWA F. A. ACLAND PRINTER TO THE KINO'S MOST EXCELI.SNT UAiEBTT Inued Dee. 30, 19]2 Report of tin. Canadian Arctic Expedition. I.,n.,8 Vfk ■ ■..1. ... "" >"'''l>"r,lt,vn). „ ., iNTm.i.rrT„,v R,,.'";,'"'"'='vsrrTs Tart C: DIPTi:r!\ "' INM-CTs. by \„han Bank, (/»<.^../ ./„/, Kr,,',) ForP,tI„.se.tM.i„Hu.|inElni,i... ,w . ■, <'■<"'-/ .s„,,,w„t/., ,.,,3,. rnrt F: nrVI>T.i(V ''v J. '■ ■"'"■^"'■■"'. 'r IWt C: in M|:N(; pVflt \^ <'\u']n\ l"';""^'* •■.'.■.■ """;,' '^'•'■/"•'"•rlf. inin). JV-vMioi.^fi?^,:,,^^ ,; :;Ni,;^Au.s - c-'^y./. ;;.«;«!. I>,.r,H„„- Hyn,..n,„m.r,.. liv , 'I „rl.;VT ' /, „. '"'•^■'"'vray. [ia.-.pKiinil Hf.'s. liy I' u I ^11 '•"""•■-<• yUu-^. ]\y .V,„|,,,n H„„|.^ • P-.rt I: I EPI l"l|.'T'Kr! \'''u''Y' ^- ''''■""t'"Iin Port K: CiKXKIru oVisi.M/tlTuiv'.'''*':'' '"""I ./ar,u„r„ lu. imo). ' .^l,(,AE AM) I liK.-SHWATFK I)r\TO\r« n ,, {>rtIt:.MARIM:;Mf;\p „■,,-.. „, 'I' "'ATOMS. Ry ,.,,,He« w. ,,,„., Part C: Fl\r;[ nV , i,,!'r. ' ^- ^ "' ■■ r vMsi n V" '-' '■"'*"*'"V Part A: FL^HF... TU- F .,,,,,";' "'' "= "■'^'"•■"*- Tr.MCATK.S. ETC. »-»L. iJ} A. ti. Huntsman ., , 'I" prr,i,,rQhnn) I -U'.l \,.i; i„>„ , g ly. , Part A: FFrAFOD < R ISTA, F ^vl^'^f V'= <'«'-^TAtKA tr<-Vw.).-^^.,''\.^'-'.'-y '. li,,,l,l,,,n. .. f/„, , J ,„ Part .) FRE.-H W ATr:R l\ .PFP, u I'^'n ' V. ' r. ;, f-- Dwinht Mar.h. //■,";' '•^^"'"■'""".). liy F.'ih '„'^.*:■'^ ':"' ^.f'^ SOME AK(;TIC- lagoons; ■ LAKES' AXl."K^i;^"'- (/'I pnsi). REPORT OF THE k CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 / VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA PART N: The Crustacean Life of some Arctic Lagoons, Lakes and Ponds By Frits Johansen SOUTHERN PARTY-1913-16 OTTWVA F.A. ACLAND PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAIE.- . I The Crastacean I fe of some Arctic I. ftoonn, I/akcs ami "onUs |i\ I'm I- I'Mi \s-i I llhi.'lriil'd liij -"11 " i-l"!' -■ > In ,ln- ,■.■,..... --n- n„onn:.u - «-- :;'r;,,:lli:,,!"Nn ,;.1:xM,n,;;s |(»])itua. * LI' 1"* • I .«' NCIuiiif \ II. I. Tnhr. . I /■(>/..(. -I h.'li'k <>i till thi' iiiwii. .1 lii:ic'ki-li l>'>ii'l '"'" thr town. M hn.c'MMi i-.M'. .". ,,,,.,,, I,,., a .Ijt.h iii-i l..i''ls "I il"' „„«• :.ln..,«t ,l.«r,tr,| town. II..' t ,mr 1 '' '"''.'," ,;\,,.,, ,„,.. ,l„.„. 1„.,1.. . ,.,.,„ urv ..,• nmrr auu' thr lam. Uk. ' ,,„„„,tinM xviti. « i.antl.y .1 ;-,.,^ (.il.,l...n-. <\r.< inlial.ilmii l'. tl.M<- niania - \hv oruaiu-l.is uiiaiin-. -"■ u\\\ ., -w.m.p ii.-i Ulav- llv ..r N.n.lv ,;,,,„„., i-^-|;; -;,.;-;;;-,;:; :■■-;;' ; ';: ;;„.:-:;:';.!.My hlui... u.av.i n.i.o l)V liiuii'i- tuti.lra t'alliii'4 "If in " by liml..r tuti.ira vauu,v. . ., ... • - m, known, l.ut tn.nnny A.;:';,:r^t;;:f:it,t:S'ri; !;;;rv,;,. :.;« ■;,„;^., - mu.l uv Ki-av.l LuHnni (..•.•u|.i.s a lar^r part .. i tlic lakf. null ur lira vii iHU'iiMi tM-...i'» -•• '••■^' i i ;,. ,i,, i.,La IJcrnaiil haiLour im'i' 1>. 1*JN'. tlmiiuh IJ.Tnanl hailx.ur 'mt |>. i"-^ ■ "" ""r", , ' ..^ /.,,„,,,, :{„() {,.,■!! In a.iaition to in;™;i:.'^i'i';",:;.:;'™*:.':™'" j:;;;^;; r.:^!-; -■■■^ ' - ucif Mi'iinil in thf inamnaUvatrr lit tins lake. maiTHia! waln.l.ut an rvM ( imuix ' ''•'\ >-,.,.,., . ,„.„.i,; i, ,,, ,1,,. ,;„t,. and etc.. all an.un.l an.l it. it. Its watir wa> ai>tinrtly l.ra.'ki- — Ti„e PU,,. IV.. I •.„..„..,„ lor Tr„ll..,..'. cl..rt of h^l; H v.h.. .vrn..,vo. Par, 11 , „p. ^n-0 '. et,-. -13788—1", 4k Canadian Arctic Expeditiim, lOlS-HHS -Mr. ( '. \V. r.owi' rc|)(prt>' tliiit it contains many niaiinc as well as I'nsliwalff (iialoins. Its inviTtcliiatc animal life was unusually licli, hotli in^i'ci> ilicmip- Icia, iliplcra and colcoplcra ), worm-i (ulinucli'icta- ami tuilx'llaiia i, snails (Ajiiixn Iniiiniinnin. amphipods (Si/niu-ilhi JoIkiiisi m i and a Kirjit iiumKiT of (■ecured. The hrackish character of the lake and jiond may lie explained thus: — (!) The suiroundinn soil is a raised and auf?tnented sea-iieach still coii- taininj!; much saline matter: I'i) the |)ond and lake are sufhciently deep to allow the more salty and heavier water to remain lielow all the year icuind; and V.i) this hottcim wati'i- does not freeze at all and later in the summer (inidille or end of .lul> i most of the lueltinj; water in the -hallow places alxive e\aporates or runs otV through the swamj) to (Irantley liarlxiur. and so has little influence in freslienin>; the more salty walrr below. As the tnaxinium thickness of lake-ice alon(i; this coast is about seven feet we may suppose that the deepest part of the lake in rpK^stiou (sav more than nine fe<'t i does not freeze to th< bottom diirinj; the winter (though the ponds do); and thus the organisms found in this more salty bottom-water of the lake, c.iu live there all year round, supposing the life-cycle of each species allows it. The reason tin- surface-water in tiie lake apparentlv is fresli, but that in the |)oud brackish is probably bi i-e of the very limited extent of the latter, its lack of outlet, and the stronji inlluence of the saline soil surruundinn it, therefore more briny character of its water. The ])ou(ls on the hifiher tundra (see p. ;{) had tlie usual character of more shallow tundra ponds with rich vcfjetation of mosses. Canx. Eriophvruin, Hipinuis, I'lricultiria. etc., about and in them. The invertebrate lif(> was ver.v rich and consisted in addition to insects, etc. is(>e above) of the following Crustacea: lumdreils of d:irk brown, smaller ami)hipods {Sumirdla jobanscni), the most typical and conspicuous invertebrate in them; clailocera (Daphnia ■pulcx, and D. longispiiiii), and branehipods (female Pohiartemiella hazeni). Uegardinn the influence of the seasonal weather at Port Clarence we know from the narratives by Ca|)tain IJeechey of the "Hlofisoni" and others' that the ponds and lakes at I'ort Clarence freeze over during; Sef)tember: from November on they are froztui to the bottom and ti ■ piround is coverc'd with snow. Tlie snow and ice then befjin to melt away in May: and durinti the summer con- sideiablv more rain falls than on the coast north of Bering strait. I'lie ranpie of the averajje tcmiierature during the year is from about 2.')° to .")0° V. II. — Coast East of Point Barrow. Tlie first snow in the fall comes between the middle and einl of September, but on occasional mild d.iys it may melt away in the sun at noon, so that it is often October and later before^ the land is well covered with snow. The pround is frozen from the surface down from the middle or end of September; new ice covers the ponds and lagoons faboul one foot thick in 1 Report Cannd. Aret Expod., UiIS-lS, Vol. IV, Part .\. - See \'ol IX. Pari A. of lhi< ^ono- "f leporls. ^ riio 0-itrn('o(i!i sorured ilurinz tlic < ' in;i(li:in .Arntir Kxpe iition have not yot heon idwitifie 1. * A U. Brooks- (iooRMphv and (li->l"«y of .Mn^ka. Washington. 19U8 (I'rof. TaiH-r, .\'u. 13. I'.S OS.) Cncttdcean Lift n5 f,.,c/.(- ovri- iMth.T Mi.l.lnily he >c('II ""*;;„:;:;:;::r:;;r:::.-. .-r- """"" *h'^- I .1 till, iiiil i,i' .hllv' ;in(l all At M.,n. puiu, tiu. "7'-'''^;';-;:^:,Vu:;S .: ; i^, t-v v...-y .luiiow (niaxiimini 'I'M'tli "f r'^..'o '" ''"-'""-''. . .....i. .....iiv mn.l. ami many wtiiil sinallfr "i' t'nuii till' phylloixitla iKii' an> fouml til.' wav to the .Mai'kciizit' 1) slKiw'thtiii Ix'ltiT than by .liift- Millir of ,,■ los hrai-kish. The Martin l)oiiit ami in ;irc tvpii-al in ri^anl to ;;;;,xinu.n. .l..,.th ..f -\l}^fr\JZ.T JZuZV:. Ma..k. sandy n.u.l „f .V2° V. at ;} p.m. lair -VJ I'.l. "",•".■, -^„„', .„ .i ,vith ........Iv lyinj.': n.ass.'s of and va . . cnd.ola and small dil't'ia with the sfa at liitlli tid( ,....n tUan..,:.... al.a... H-. Tl. ----;;;;:;,;t;i: lal^a:' m nl;"r mlllMui-s, ,.„> anyO..,.^-« the usual coiu'pods (sec al..\( i i "o. ,. . ,; •xpcdilion. \ ol. Ml, puU.c of dilT.T.-nt si/.,.s <-''^l^''I'';'^''^^ ';:'',{, 'l'o,l< l.ri„^y.v th.y ^^'■'•'■, ''' iV • , d hticcdirn v.ai- l.n.o.l: all wn- thus probal.ly n.p.vM.n.n, '" ', ^.^ ,■ w,. ' als, fairv shrimp> ilirn„<-l.n- f.-malcs. Swimnuns; around in "'■/;':,',.' ../..niith; ' th.'V w.mv ."Xt.vm.ly .e/- ;m/.n>kl\ aiounu .uiu n. f- I fivlu'd for them. The females col.mrs than the paler n:al« s. Sinnlar shallow lagoons an,l l.eaeh l-"''' .,;;:;: ';'\;;r;;,,;Ki~h water, were hv >andln.r^ and partly dried up. V'' . i,!' i:'; ^; ' ! June, H 1. l>ut I found no s;:;n;:;ri:;: ■;;: th^tm ';i:.s!h: ''eoniaJ^^uii'ir ..d „. u^uai i t nfe ,.^„.,,„„l ,ip.' es^s'aml'had .nueh more hrilliant tlr stieam-olltlets ■ 1 tlii.l; ,1 il,-orv.ilinn> nt Cnllin-on piiint ' ,uVl in Hr.Kik-... i;«.2rul>hyii[l.l (.(■.•l"p "l -^.'"^l;" i : s (1 S ; l'lit..«UI- 1 On .Septcml ■- ^oe -il^' I'll „ai.«an..o'in .North.Tn Al,a«ka, W^;;""^'";'^ 'i;i','i ''I'ri'.f Vr.'„«.VNo "l«>,.' Ilivr U«u.n Northern Alask.i. ^'t^ Wv n.'.rip. io OIV,. n :il s In thisre|«.rl ■Heeimini; ota month l";/n. i ^^^^,,,1, ;; ;; i!v!"i'..' •. ■• :;l>ttn:llilh,:ll . Tar'm^^L .n*"ts see \ul HI of this «.r.« "t r-i^rl. s On''>r(t«!iv 'inadncurnia. .V 111 i.eihn'iwelh ( unnini! N„ 1()'> I .-"•■• ... Uhpni;ir.m..-h:irtymhhi.hen.y \U»' >ly at a certain distance particular place, because the> ''f':^^ " '"; ^ic^ r(.!)rcsent a transition stage nland. There are, however, *'f'''" ^^ ! o m^ umlra P<.nds; and such pomls between the beach ponds "F^.^lf ^ fn h rvt^r bo^^^^^^^^ iidand to contain ,ae winter, and are generally ''''^'''r I ^^;';.; /^j^^^^i a,^.. la the bc^nm")? of the wind has removed th.s from ^P^^^^J^^ OU the power of the sun on Mav (observations from Demarcation '* J'tU . tn 1 , 1&?'I.'S s^i'K! - "rtiS 'Sin IS- r^ "'S until the middle of the month of -^^«> ' f " Vs Jw^^^ anv signs of melting, nights, and none of the ( eeper PO^^s "r laUs ho ^e^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ On May IG there was only a ^Rht snow layer o. U - u ^^^^ ^^^^^^ shallow ponds were quite free of snovv "•;;"• ™',ii^ Their water communicating with the melting i^"?,^*";" ^^ ^;"/,°" ' "^Then followed several had a temperature of 30° F. at ' -^0 P-' ; J-^"^ ^^e melted ponds and snow days of colder weather, forming "^^ >'^« «"j awav™ Beskles the dipterous upon the tundra, which, ^owcv.t soon me ted ava^ ^. SnSTts-j^cr"^^^^ ()• Mav 20 the tundra was a.most 1"^--;^ J;/-;i'^. ^ " I^^.S^eS S though the vegetation and invertebrate a.nm 1 1 had ot > t K ^^^ ^^^^ in development, and the nve.s ^^•.''7,. ''•' ^^.'^ '^//.f \,, '' atio.i was far behind, month the tundra still looke. wm trj \ j;; *:;;' ° ^ bottoms for long The deeper ponds were "^^-^^Iv;"*;^ j;''; "\ i^ ^ t.r ro hing to the bottom, stretches or were partly covered ^ ''V ";,,'., '\",[rarv po..ls and streams, The overflow from the melted snow '\- '" ^ ' i^^^h 3v thVre were, however, while the higher parts of the undra sti I ''^ ^ ' ' Vuiider it v.-rv possible, large, bare stretches, f P"^'=' >: "^-'Jl^J, ^/'^ Iv an I b Ri.um.g of Jun.., 1914, that the cold and cloudy weather at the e ot .\ia> a k ^^^^ ^^^^^^^,_ delayed the arrival of. the spring f-;^" "^^^^^./^t^!:^/ po 1 s eVen if these were The vgetable and ammal life ot th. lrc™n\\ u r i number of only partly melted, however, ProRJ-^^^ ^"(^V "/' " '"'^^ '^"d C. vicinus) dipterous larvje and imagines, copepo.l-. {rijao,,, rsee I>l:.tc IV in Vol. HI. Part K of tl.c-e report.^ (wator about one inch deep) showed 55 3° F. at 5 v .... .orM.,v 21 the therraomBt.-r stuck into the mu.i of aj.hall.,»J»muw^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ _„ „,^ ,p,^, (Air ahout .i:,- 1 . ., which in.li.atc-i, no«- ^J'" ':""-' "- ' > Sm Vol. Vlll.. Part \. this aerie- ot reixirt>. 8x Camiilian Arctic Eji„iJiti„n, lOlSiyiS -J* (air alioiit ,{((" ]•.). ' '.hum hi .h i . ,it j ;i.iii. on .Juric Iin.ls il, ,v„v t„ ti„. ;., J, . Tit ' „ ,1 - " '"""'", ""■'""-■'' "'"'I' ."■ "'ill<'t= Icy .'ef' wh!::if!:;;;;:'j.:iii:;^;i,;.j;r' V''; "•"--•"''.>• -f .—-nnin. a ,.,. of point. Th.. m.f , r .. .I<" ,>"'"" ■^';"'*"' ""'"^ =""' I^""'an-ation ' IhJt ^'"' ■ •'•■'■' I- "'v-lroMs) iMhi.,se..o- of report. -3 1 Citislarinn Ufc lUMV pi'lllJip- N '.» 1- . M'Vi.ill' iifiv ni'iliMP- lit' (•(iii-iiliri'l ;i r;ii>t'. „„ ,!„■ st.-ep luirthcrt. m 1. ai. .. i < K ..Irvatic.: thry an' -"i"-'- M.utt.T.a..v.Tt ..isla..lln.n.tl.. .. t n^^^^^ . „_„ ,„. ,,,,, .f times .l.-op. an.l nu.stly ^' ''''V'' V' .^ ^; ' n-mi- tl ^ >>,« .H.itl> an-l -..ulh (■(.nx, //'/'/""•'■^■■.•"•'- ^ ^' "".....,;„.. lit-.. .,1 aoiiatic i.iM.cts, wat.r ni.fv ""■"'^ -^ -""'"■•■ "^ ':::t;ru;;!:::.i^ ri/h "lull' van..,! inv...n.i..an.^ nf. ... ■ • • -aud: water )>inl- vi-itin« it tn.ui .llictlliliv; In (1(1 Willi tlu-. liUti. Thf It was iiit(M<'>tii!H t(i the various ponds uiiou tins is liiiiiiT the Miinnier have peihap- so the main :ill(l III. Vkinily of li< I'll'"''! h'lilioiir. AMI .T. It is fortunate that we have for this ai • i :, ,letaili' '='';''■";. \ ,,, i,,,^,, ,,, rk (s.^e l.elow ,. 1 h.' parts of the two law lakes ui> the \='''''- "'\ ',;•'. .^.j ,,,,-. lu'twecti Chantry Ihrce largest lakes were sounaea, ;' ^ h-^,;;:' ! ;/, ',t tlie station to the t.ay i.lan.i una the ma.nlan. eoast, ft ...i '".,;'•,,,,.' „.uthea.t of the station in which the large "hshinu ereek about lou. reports: a few more are rei-roaueea here. " •^;' . ,, „„,„•„,„ ,,,.,,r When the warn, weather '•-■'- 'j'!;:'''';;^,;';^; .''p,:!:^i,L on th^ .now- is formea fro... the snow ana ^'''V'"''; ' "\ ^ .'^ "^a v <- the >ea or hel,>. to free part ..f the tuu.lra. >..o., the "'■' 'V . ', ,;;••,,.. .,f ,h,... melts from increase the size of the various poiia> a.. '' > • ' . ■ ^,,„„„ ,iu mia.lle he marKin out. The -mall, -hallow I'""'!; ' ' , . ^ ". „ , i,,^,., .n.cks have .,f.lu„.,a,ulinthefir - '>' ''''; ''''f 7; ' ,^' , ,'•' '„v th.' niiaai.. of .luly broken up, ana the er t-V" ;;;',. ..,,',,,' •,,. !,:. through tlwir eivek the i<'e uu the large . es haa ''■'■»;•'''' i'.'^,,, .y. ,he laiul wa< now ,.„,U.t<, or haa been '''-"'\;; ,^. " ,J . . f vater aown the ^lopohad pn.etieally fre,- ot ^""^^•, '>"'.' >, { I , f„, !>,.• overllow of the various stonpcl. which fact, coiiplea ^Mth the la(K '' ' ' 'V ihi- time of the year. ;.l,l ana lakes, makes the.. ';'';-;; Xm;:""".-'.--- >'> ^^T '•^^*''- ami decrease from now on, una ■ '.'"•'""''•"','',., ,.,„i i.,kr> depends very half of July and i.. August. ' V' ;;''''^;;«;: \^ ^ ^e s ■ perinaiu'iitly; -nie 1 .Summary Report Geol. Sur • See HlutuI, liB i • P-.irtir.ularlv crustft*?*^- • Plate VI. ..... » Except iDr a layer in their bolton C^ltliul;!, I'.'l). p. i3t). W "0 10 N Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 joar,. not until a month later DunnR the wint.r the fn-shwater ic-o inav attain a thekr.rss of almost ten frH, fron. wliich it follows that all the ponds and lake" shallower than that freeze to the hottom. (JwiuK to their size, currn ts n the R-nce of the winds the large deeper lakes ,lo not freeze over permanentl^ until a week <■• two after tlu- jK.n.ls. As the large er.'eks forn.ii.K the outle 8 should he renienil.ere.l however, that oeeasional lowten.peratures, irenerallv at quut MKh s of th.- lak.'s to I.e eovered with new ie.. which n.av, or n.av not actonling to sueeeediuK temperatures, melt away the ^ainc year." ♦ K„ 7"u""l"""V' *!•"'"■ P"r'""' '••■"':"-l<^ al.out tlie inlluene.. of the weather upon the freshwater l.o.lies Xh. following field ol.servations may he of interest -May 22, 1015, was clear and unusuallv warm (from 25° to 0''° D The meltiiiK snow formed temporary, stagnant, small pools, both on the 'sea ice where there were accumulations of sa.ui, a.i.l upon' land. The largest o these eet nir T.' /" ", '.''TT'''"", ""/"" "^ " ''"'''"'• '' '""' ^'■••« "'a" ^ «i^ ''V ♦wo c me t;..l ':. V " Y '"'''" '""'"' '''r "f '^^ ^t'^''"" ''«d the snow u,,on' their let melted a«a\ at many places, hut no water wa.s to he seen The different ponds at the harbour were all covered l.v snow on Ar.v°')'I !!!''"""'.'',''"*'' "'T* •'■''•■"■, th*- ■^Pri-'K ^^•a•'' niore a.lvance.l. Thus oil .\iav Zi th<' we.ather was clear and warm (max. temp. .-)!>'' F.). Thermometer -a="K'"« r/'*lT "''^"""''•"•"," (""■'"■'1 ^""v.-. dark bottom) on the tun.lra .howed swamn^ thi" "' •■'"■ '™' i'"''-' ^'^ -^ ' 'i'"""^- '-''"" "" ^^e h.wland (tundra or ^vamp) the snow was disapi.-anng fast; there wre many an.l extensive me ing ponds on top of the lake ice, an.l the latter was soft and wet. MuJh melting water was coming down in the bi^' creek, and also in smaller, temporary airei*uns. * •' \VK "^^"u ^^' ^''^^^' ^^''^■'^ ^'^'''"' "'■ '■''^'"Jy. "'th temi)eratures from 20° to 45° F \vnere there were.on land or on the sea ice, a(-cumuiations on top of the snow! the snow had nn.lted forming a hole with the san.l in the hottom; the snow protiudmg as an icy bnm over the north si.le of the hole, whil.. the .south side l^nVn'";/'" ^''"l'^' •^'<'l""K,""t«ards. At the bottom of such a hole upon the land the thermometer showed, when sheltered from the wind, 33-5° F., at noon o a ;.o ;VI"" T?' ^V'7- ')""' her stretch close by had the snow meltel a^^ to a < onsideral.le extent, so that the bare tundra was exposed, .showing stagnan't melting water pools m the depivssions. Tliis melting water had at noon a temperature of 48-8° F. (thermometer lying in the bottom), while the iLe ground around it (thermometer lying on the ground) was 50° F. On the last day of .May. KtlC, the land was all free of snow, except for patches upon th.^ slopes. All the ;: ,nds at the harbour were also free of ice (apart from new ice form..l .-.t ••h'.:\x) and snow, and h;id thdr maximum txtensioM, Ihe big lake in the valley west of the station w.as .still covered witli i.;e in Its southern nart, while the north part was open, with the water streaming -o the outlet, along which cakes of ice were .•arried .lown to the sea. On June IG, 1915, one of the ridges at the harbour was largelv free of .snow even upon its north side; aiul about lialf wav to the top a broad terrace showed melting water in the dopressions in the form of temporarv smaller ponds or w.ater-holes with gravel bottom. On the swamp below, south oi tnerulge afewof the true tun.lra i).,nds with detritus mud bottoms were open, and there was stagnant water in the other depressions. The swamp itself was now nujstly free of snow, but the mud ilats through which it merges into the sandy beach, only jiartly s(,. The ponds now drained off through several .smal t.'inporary streams to the bay. Two days later the snow was melting rapidly and the small streams coming down the slopes formed temporary pools here .yM here. an- -^-K:::;.::f,^t 2 n tt/sh.llow ..hou, on- in.h from its hiKh.-r north suU • ^JV'";. the air was 3.V' F. C I'.n'.i. '1 ln> pon.l S;:,.^;^;:;';^d::,'i:x:l;lm^iif ^:S^ its ..tton. eonMsts ot ...o. n ...... ^^^^^;?:,uStsi.;:fcn. ti. stati.. .i.. aay^ .at. it - ,— ir'.;!!'^^;;:;; t„ p.t !.a>l the many w.t.-r hole , I'O" ^ "X f,,,, .,f snow, only a little swampy tumlra. Th. S--;;^ .^^^^^ l' M ii «-) --.l on the lar^.r lak... still irmaininK upoti th.' ';'''*',;', V^'' ' '^ wholo low.r country was one which wtTc only parth •''"'''• ''■„,/ .^f J' ,„i„e ur stationary m-ltinK ^ast >wamp, with ^ '"'•"^(;;;f , ji "S *. .^ " ^^^^^^^ water, .•onnpc-tmuan.l extondinK til. '■''^ ' ' , ,, ^,.,,r,, all fro.- of ice, sn.,w. or ,li,«inK -^'^S^^Vho^ f "" n tl!;:;" I.otton.s, or th. i-.- still but the lar^.r ""^ l^'-^d/'^ \2' t, ;\, i^.^.s show.-.l no ope. wa .t ,ov,.,cmI their s.irfaro at "7' ;^"^. . ' '^ //^^..ui,^ ^o that •ipurt from ... lu..^ ,i„, l, punk, was " :,,t of fre.. n.arKi..al wat.T, -•^'•:;r '" '^ ^ ^j^f, f.ke h.. i..' was s.ill thi.'k. form...l. Apart fr.m. those i;la--;'^<^ 1^! s .^^ v. n.d l.v soft a..a ^vet snow> was Init had ...a..y eraeks; a...l \« \\''' ' ,^^ ' ^^^i •, ' pools ..p.... tl..^ surfa.'o. ho....v......l>.d (ruffled), ;''"! '=i^l J I "S v.- 1 . f the statio.. was fn- .-f ioo, i„ the n.i.l.llc ..f Ju y. m. t\\'V'''^) V t , 1 ii^^-r ere.ks had wai.r. the apart from a little i.. .ts ^^'^'^V . idr^an.l . Wo U^^^ izx ;r;s"-';VE; s.^:f U >^^-^ „ ,„, ,,,„. It will hv s.-en that the si.nng can-e '""-lur 1. in- ,,,,„,,;,„., .vhil. the big lake southwest of the ^ano..^ onlv along its shore, at the oa>t end, all tn ^ '^ . , ^ ,1^,^ tha.. in HH.-.. fre,^ ..f ioo 3-4 wo..ks later the same yc^^, ^J^fl^^^l^,,^,, p.„id. at the I„ ,he first w..ek of "^"f "^V,,. ,;^^ \al o w.'re much n..l..ee.l in s.ze, harbour l.a.l .lri..l up, an.l th- sm^^U" r '£" l'^^,,^ „„,,. ,,.,„tai..o.l wat.T .n £=:f^:.s^-i:.sur;Ni"a::;..;piae.^^ ^^'■^;sl';;oii-:;:;nApoaidae)...c^^^^^^^ unChantryisla...l.tairyshr....psw.Teo l heoy^^^^^^ .lauplii a..d n..tanau,,... of ''''\''''";" V' ' . ^I .'\l ', , f h.^ w..>t ...d ..f the island Tl.ev thr.;e these (ArU„n,n..is xtrfuns.onn I "'-'V .,; rthe stath.n. The ,..eta..auplu large po..ds^ ..n t.,p . . . y t of^^t^^^^^^ ^^_^^^ wore found here on Ju > 3. I.'l»>. ^y ' (...tob.T G in th.^ pre.'e.h..g year, observe.l ami cUectcd n. the -|"'''''';;'\;''it was ..bs.Tve.l to b.. ..,...,.. ..m, The ..therbran..hip<.Li lf>lS wiis not ul)-irv<'(| in the locality in (pii'stion from Sfptcinlicr to M:i\ im lu-ivc Till' Hl'owtli of /y/(/»i(7((Hf (7(1 /((//i«/').«'l from tlic liail|ilill- to tin' liialllli' mail' or female i^ sulljeicntly rapid (almiit a month) to allow tin' specie-, to i|i'po' similar to the other^' occurrinti all aloim the arctic coa-l the •mall. Iirackish poiiil on the suuth siile of the outlet of the lar^e creek just we-t of ill'' station |)rcsents -oine piculi.'ir iinil interotinn feature^. The poinl is situjiteil n.'i uravel ami sand tlat- at only a few feet elevation ami surrounded hy Vene'iliiCl composed almo-t exclusively of a minute <' of ,i deeper i up to one f.ithomi hole in the in. Idle. Iiottomed with a thick layer of Mack, slinking mud. and very shallow I a few inches deepi marijinal water. exti'nsi\i' in the early summer. Kut rai)idly diyinn uji under the intliience of the sun later. It contains a rich iinimal life, coiniiosed of llntomostraca (liniiirhnii rln piilitilosii. Dnjthiini jiubx and ci)|)i'poilsi. aipiatic insects, etc., more or less re-tricted to the masses of Kreen tilameiitous .'tlfjae found in the water. The hottom of the marginal w::ter area of the pond is covered with linht hrown detritus mud.' It lias been mentioned above, that the brackish nature of the water in this pond had lit tie influence upon its content of invertebrates; this is further emphasized by my finding the same Ilntomostraca.etc, (except Dnithiiia ptihx). in a much -mailer, shallow, brackish pool near the coast a little further west and eorth in the middle of .Inly. 1!H(». The saline nature of the water in this latter pool was shinvii by its taste and the presence of certain marine al^ae (Fain, rivaceae), besides the common Kfcen tilameiitous alsae. tyiiical of freshwater. In this case the distance from the beach was so insignificant, and the pool so small and shallow, that its formation is to be attributed to a sliyiht. and fairly recent, raisinK of the sea shore. The three larger lakes situated west .'iiid south of our winter ((uarters at Bernard harbour have alread.v been referred to. The two most westerly ones of these are the bijiKest. though only their east ends are shown on the detail map. The most northerly is situated about '.i't feet Jibove sea level some distance inland, and has an outlet to the sea through the larRe creek already mentioned. Another creek flows into the south side of the lake, carrying: the overflow from the lakes and ponds situated inl.'ind there, and probably also from the west end of the lar^e lake described just below. The iaiKe lake in ipiotioii may be considered merely a wideninn of the creek coniiiiR into and out from it, and is almost entirely surroiimled by swampy tundra, thus resting in an extensive valle.v, bounded hi're and there by low ridKi's. In the bejiiuniu}; of < )ctober. I'Jl"), I took a number of soundings from the !t-l(l incho thick fall ice across the middle of the lake, from the bin I'oulder near its sduth shore to a n''iissy point opposite, on the north shore. The result is K'veii in the followini>.>ru. Hottom brown ('riiftiici'iiii l-'f' N i:< iH) 17 iiiiln- \va («») 1'. il(t) -io " i\l) 30 .Hi(ll"iii urowii sanil Hutluin I'hick iHUcl. cuv.i- ,.,1 l,y iiliiWll -:illil. ■rii . |;„H.'. -I.nlh.w MK.'. ^^^^ ,,,,, ,,.,,.,,1 ,„;,,, „f H,.rn:.nl harhouv. 1/ ";;-;; ^ £/ „' .l.-v..,..,,- M...-U...W..1 aUv. and ,„ ,u,. law, -1>mI1.av lakr Mt '''>''• ' ,.,- f.,,, ;,ij,,,. ;„>.! m ll.r ^l-n.in „„lv s.rarat..a fn.n. It l.y a ^^M^.■1 i mIk; ■;'«:"|, j,; ' ,,., ,.,.,4 ,„,,„i.„„.,l l„.|„,v. t it< iiVi'ltliiW fonn a >an.ly '•<■='<■ '^v""" ^" 7 \V1 i ■ h- two otl.r lar«. lak..s at M.Tnanl ,„,,,,;„„, ,l„,,v (sec 1 laf III, fit^. 1 ■ , ,, „,i, „„, i, l,.,,tl.-^l.aiu-l. having ^, ,„„^, ai,„.,.t .•yl.nan.-aL ... •'iJ'- ,^" .^j,, ^,,,.„„ ,„i,i,vay a.-wn the lak.-. ., J.;; Sr:S ri loU:.!,; n...it .naxitnun. a,.p,h in .^^^^^^ "■'" ' . , , ^ Bottom stones ana san.l. ,1, i;;-"'«'^^;; •;. Bottom >anay. una. ,2) ,(, inehcsxvatu. ,Bott..mas Cii. <;i* 50 " Bottom as (li. 14) 41 •■ - .>• I tl.i.l Holed) was 'i.-) paces from the .out li shore .,.,„, i,,, ,vas 7 to -,) •"'•l'<- /'"•■\ "'>';.>.-, pae.-s apart. The next day 1,„U, ,4. 4.-. paces from north .h.. , >"U « ^^ - a _^^^__^, ,^_,^„ ^,,,,^^,4 I took another line of soun.hnKs ^ ■,,.,;,; ,^1,,. „„1 ,l.e shore at the east "^"f TVh'ir' '£ ;::::iu'i:^h:ws'!n.ixi.nn;:: aepth .,. itahcs. ^"""' 1-^3 itlhos water Bottom hrow.. ...y .mM (2) H7 ;; ;; '=i' !•''*• \\ "." Bottom lirown t;5i or dark- i4) IGO ^^ __ . jrfcen i4i. i')i- -aiiay ••">) !•"'" " "'. i mud with thin ice- '<>> 1''>1 '■ .. i laver ana nreci\ idjuae. (7) 148 '^1 __ ■ -j •^' JH*^ u •• ■ .stones and saiul (,9) 60 " 'Where the lake U deepc^^t. 14 N Canadian Arctic Expedition, 19 IS- 1918 Hcilt' 1 1) w.'is 25 j)!ir<'s from south fhorc; liolr {Uj the surnc ilistaiict; from iiortli shore; holes (\) to (:{| 2.") pnees apart; holes i;{) to (7) were 121 V-^''*"^ apart ; mid (7) to (il) were 2.") paee> apart. 'I"he (hstaiice from tliis hue of soiiiiihiiKs to the east shore of the hike was 47.'> paees. The iee was 7 to H inehe:i thick, hut only ;{ to i inches iieai' the north shore. Two ilays later I took a tliinl line of soiiiuliiiu^ airo^s the wiile western part referred to ahove, so far as I eould jildte, at the plai'c where the lake w.-i-. w''"St herealioul, aluiut halfway lietween the xiiuidiiiu-^ of Si ptetnlier 2'.^. I'M't, ..A till' \M'~t end of the lake. I fiiiind the fi>llo\sin|; deptiis iinaxirnilin depth in italie-i. The ice wa< (>'. to S] ineln ■- tl 'ek. at eertain pl,iee> onl\' ( in ■hi «. liottom stones and sand. ll) 1 1 ini'iii •> wati i2) .VH (.■{1 I'll S2 ! ."> 1 '.12 Mil 1 7 1 iSi 111(1 " 1(17 " ilOi I2(» " illi 1:1 1 " (12 1 12(1 (i:). iJoll.iiM a- '2i. Soundinsi^ 2.-) paees ajiari ; In ie I'l) 2.") ]»aee- fr. ni M.iith ?hoic; hole i2.'}) 2(t i)aees from north >h..re. It will he eeii from tliese three lines of sninidiiisis, that the 10 feel deep western part ot the lake is s(-p;irateil from the - !.■> feeti deepest eastern iiart liy il shoal (until tP, feet deep) at the narrow-. Sonn' iniiroseoi)ie entotnostraca (cladoeera. co|)epoda, and ostraeoil.a). etc., were obtained by vertical ha\ils with a plankton net in this hike on .iial life of atpiatic insects, sticklebacks, et<-., was of course also found. No tiuiit w(>re observed or secured in this lake, though fishiK't- were M't under the i"e in the fall of I'.il.V We now come to the third of the bin l.'ikes at liernard harbour. It i- .situated at l(j feet elevation about 700 feel south of the bay in which the large creek, fornierlv referred to. out. Its somewhat oval shape is wel! -howii on the detail maj). and it is about .'. mile long with a iiiaximuni width of Ic-s than h.alf of tii.'it. \ view of it is re|)roduced on p. (i. in \ol. \ II. Part H. of these reports, fn • which it will be seen, that it lies in an extensive valley-piain surroundcMl by swami)s or low tundra elevations. Only at the time of maxi- mum snow melting doi>s it have an outlet to the sea to the north of it; his otillri is nil! nearly ;-o well (h-fiia-i! a- iliat from tile other two large lakes men- tioiied. and lia< more thiM-haracter of depressions in the swamp between the middle of the north shore of the lake and the sea, than of a creek bod From .July on it i.s practically dried u]i. Crustacean Life •'•' '•' ^ , ^ V . OS 1U1-. I took twi; lint- iif *>« ,,.. .40 i'uhJ (20 f....../.h.. ".axi.n..n. ,1.,..!. luu,.l („ tl„- lak... „.,,, n , VS.S 2:> ,.a.-^ uon. .i. north .bo.-., a,.! j-^;' ;; .:;;r:,::'','::,:r.:;::' ■ tl.e low sf.nv point on the south >hon-. lloU- ' 1 "- '" " - • ,1„. ..ust part of the san..' hik-. al.ont (K) pa,M.> .a-lj^.t th H,n,,.nn„ .a Thi' rc-iilt follows (luaxiinum 'l.'pll' in italics). (I) 3|5in.'lw-wat,r ' 'i i5„ttoni brown san,ly )il 2; .. .. ■ .A l,lU.I,^vithafl■w^lolu^. (3) <- I (4) H.-) •• •• (5) '.•2 •• •• J (P) Itil" •' •• I ^'II't^.^j, :; ;; ...n.„t.„ni.ia.'knai.i. (9) 223 •' " (10) 113 " •' (II) (i'.t •• " ......■••■•• j !!?; S •• " : ■ :notton.as.i:,-^:.. (14) oT " " ■ ■ ■ 1 (1,-)) .">o " ■■ ■ I (10) :io " ■' ■> a,,.^.'S?fe^'. s,::i."':£;vr; i---''"^'""'" "^^ ' • the south than the north shore of the lake. iiiiiiiiiii ;;::;;::■;:: ;;; it:. •:,t. ,;^.. :.r ..... '^.^ Y'"Tz:':.;r:::v:.::!::« t." n i^^r ;;r;::;r;;:'M::;.';'s ';;;;:; 1:;:,.^; ...i...^ i.. ;-.;.; •■•;;--:;l;:',.;;;;i::;::,: :;;;;;■ ' - '::;:r;:r;-;::';l;::;:'f;:rni> /);:!:-:' ''.- -"' .i.v""'--vr 'it ITIIII-l llltd lis t\M) |M l.lL.i K'llll .l..^,.,,l„ll •IIU UUlll l.v >r. is;;;;'i::■;;;^;:;;■',r;;/;i;f=,::■^^i::;;^ ;^"; ^;l;:•;;- th.. .l.M.,,r>. part ol tlu. lak. ^In-v-'i '.'j;' '.'.';. '\, "';'',,,, ;.,,.,■« at t u h-.ttuiu wat.r w.'.uM, if it wr.. fr...!.. of .■..„,-.■ hr in .1,- fum. ..I ..... 1, i. .„, intrnwlintl fa..t that ...itl....- ihi- lak. .-.r tl..' .....' at l-Ur „„..'i.:i p. ;;;';:.■,. a^y p..nnan....t ..„., -.,;:;:,:,::/;:.!: ..;.'i:;;..i:;'''^r,.::;;; brutes iis.iallv foui.il HI tnit' lakrs. i i .. r - f.w.t ,,t i.... 'r''-''''^t:'i.;,:;r: '::;";;.:.« :.T;i,r;;''i.l'.;.,..l..i.- ,■,,.»....„,... ot mic "f th('~.'laK(^. .init i 'i'"" ,„„,,,. .,, «|.1I •i-- nia^M's ..f iiiiniatiuc of thMn.sl.wat..ra...,.lu,....l^«.-'""'- "'-'^ '--^ ' •' > ,,„„^, ,„,,., ,„ under th.' iee. l-ut .... r....t ^,:'\'!'''''' ;'"';',' H.'^n.^nl harl...ur .•on.es, an.l inland lake, fn.n, wh..!. th." hshmp ereek .■,.>i f J' ', [. '^ "*''^,^ ^,,,. .tnmaeh. in certain other lak.-s s.,n... <»•>'='!;- '-;;^, ;; ; , j ^ ;;„ Un.l h..wever of the fishes {< ri. in ;.ll ...r.H- l.ke,. ■Sei-Piirt K, Vol. VIII. »l theso rcpi.n Ciimlaoan Lift' s 17 lln' t\vi> iiilfif-liiiK • -■ :^:,,;;:i:%;?.x;£':i::;:'";::;:r';;;;:;'i;:u;:';:r;;,;r;: ;: fn.,.HlH.\imMlu.lak..i.M,u....unw.-a,Kj..M j..^ _ uhi..l, i- not f.mn.l it. I-o,.!-. l.u n,.lv '''. '^'\'V\ '. /; ,''^,. 'J V.n.l .h.lnn tm ) ro i"'CIf(l iriPIII MMS ..I ... ■■■■ • - .l,(n„^^nll \ 111. IV .1 l"lll ii:-;i;^;;-/v:;;;.;,rf^i'xr;H:^;v",i:'::n;:t^ ; .- liKKKllKNlKS. „;„.. iiivr ii.-si.m, N..r,i,...;.. .M»-i<;.,' 'V i;";;-;;;,'\,,V„:-: ,';,,,,,,,,, ,.,c. '■"'";:,!'';!ii^i,;::S;^;l™:"^;>>V;i:r^'?.^'^*srl,;,iK,,.....i. •• Ci Cai), Bathuist ami 'i'.u.ii: l".i..t. Noitlnxr-t l,r.n...i. • "^' InV's!^;^!;-..:;^' ;1 Itiriou ..K ana Wi..,a.i..i la..,l , V.,..o,-.. Ma...l): See Voluinc Xll, l'I>- ' •--'»• '" ''"'^ -"'"'■'• i«ee Piirt K. Vol. Ill, o! these reports. N«.-Th,- ,i. photo^apl- r.pro.Ju™.l in tl« report were .11 ..k,.n b> tl.e .mil.or. 4;i7SS -2 im '^^•:^ 4 i CnistovKiii I.iff N U» I'lvlt, 1. I i., 1 I „.r^. fr..M,«:,l,-rl..k,-n..;.r lvm.:,n.-MK. ( -..in.!.,, I.» , \I..-U. J.lv I. 1"1L Flo. .' run.iro i«"i'i "■■■■ icn"Mi »>i'li "•■ ur:^. I 3'..'. :in.l h-r,.,,.>.-r'.m on H.Ts,-h.'l i-l:in.l, V^.k-n IVrr.tnry, July 2'i. UI6. crss •_". .m*^^r, ('i-K^laanii Lifr N 21 I'LVTK II Fia ,_,•,.„,... ...i ..I. .-.,. , :,„., ,n..: .. I--|'-^- ■"■"""" ■-' ^-"^ ^•-■•' "'" " "■' "" 1 „. 2 -nrackisl. i«n.l at outW of creek at m-rnar.l harLour. July 15, l'.n5 r-:?M- 'F^«r!ifc- Criixlncrnti f.'ff N 23 in.MK III. Fl... 1 Ka-t onj of lone narrow, inUnJ laU s„a'hwost of IS.Ti-.ura i,arl..mr. Ii.ly 13, W15 Fio. 2-Cufting ice on the large, deep lake south of Bernard harboiir, September 28. 1915 Crustacean Life N 25 1\mk IV. e of 1 Sea Mile ,„^ »,"''" ill! 6D97f? GrmUev harbour \la.ka, fury..yod by CommMider Trollope.in 1854 Drawn (rom Admiralty Chart No. 593, Granuey '«''>°''^.-^|,^^iVer to Point Barrow, includinj Poring Strait . Soundings m fathoms. Crustacean / m^T^.t Cruataaan Life s 29 Pl»TK VI. Iletntri h-iri-oir. UolpUin .n.l Uni.Ki -tr.at. Northwe-t Tarntorio-, Survey, hy K. G. Chipniun unJ J. H. Cox. Soumliniss by r . Joriam-en. ■iwt^mms:-:. ^m^^'^m^' ^.-^ Cmstnram l.iff .; *» i /; s.i' Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18. VOIAMK VIII: MCMUSKS. W IIINOI) RMS. C OKLF.NTKUATKS. KTC Part A: MOI..ASKS, RKCENT ANU PLEISTOCENE. By William ";,J^'-'|'j ^.^^,,„,,,,, .4. ,^,,9^. Part B- CEPHAI.OPOnA AND PTEUOPODA. r,.|ili:ilo' .Kiu. l!y S. S. li'-rry. il„ p^,p,irir..n). Ptcrn|.(«l!i. liy \V. 1 .( : .P' . . .'. ..(/ssueJ ^pri(», l»;«t- P'lrt (■■ rCHlNODERMS Hy Austin H. CInrU ,„ j, , ,, . Part D: ! RVOZOA. Hy H. <". O.sburn . .'(/..u, i b. .■• m'-. r .;/. /;/■)). P,>rt E: ROTATOHIA. Hy H K. jlrtrnni: .. . -^ (,„ pr-pnrarf C H.V 'PIU RA. Hy U. U Uisil «•• ^ ^ ^ j„^^„ , .,,_ ,, ,, Part I- nvnU'lll'S. By C. NKI.'iiu Irtt-^T ...(In preparation). Part J: PORIFEUA. Uy A Dindy VOLIME IX: ANNKLIUS. PAKASITK W.JKMS. IKOTOZOANS. ETC. Part A:OU('.l)CHAETA. „ ,, , . .,, l.uiiilinrulidj'. By !■ rank J;'""!'- (hmml Scple'ther !0. ini:>) En'-I.ytrali,l...-. ''V ''"''', ^-^ 'i Vr; in Al-i^ued \uv mhn- ti.,1:'. 1 Part H: Pi>LY( HAETA. By Ralph \ . C Ininl.er.in ^/,-,,,M/ (W,™,-,, „/:-./ 1. Part C- HI' rniNKA. Bv I. 1'. M.";ri; ■ , , Ug.ned June 10. lOHI). Part D: < lEPH V KIA. By Ralpli \ t iiamhcrlm, ^^^ ......ihiutd .-Ipril 7. ll>m. Part E; ACA NTH' H EI'll AI.A. By H. J. \ an I .ea% f ^,^_ \,r,para:wny Part K' NEMATODA. By ^- -^ '.',':•'', ,,,,V ' V,^/ V i) (^oowr '. (is^ufd l-'^rwiry '„ /.'//i. PartC;-ll: TREMATODA AND ^l■.^IOIJA. By A. 11. C.oo[Kr (In vrrparalwn). Part 1: TIRBET.I.ARIA. By A. IlassoU Part J: (iORUEV'F.A. „ , , ,, ^u , <■. (In p"pi"-atmn\ P-irt K- NlMi;inTNE By R.ilpli V. Chamberlia (/„ ,,rr,«r.;(N.nV Part L: SVOKOZOA, By J. V -Mavor^. . .^^ • ■ y/ •(7js„jj Fi.6ru^rv «. '9?o). PartM: FORAMINIEERA. By J. A. Caslunan VOLIME X: I'l.ANKTON, IlVl)UO(;KAI'llY, TIDES. ETC. (In prep'iratinn). Part A: I>I-AXKT(>N. Jv •Ml"'''' ^ .'"'w n il,...' '•■■••■ (In pnparalnm). Part B: MARI N ^: 1 >! >] '.'M:, "V 'v^^^ RE-VlT-i ' Bv W. Boll Dawson (h.ueJiMobcr 1 . WS«). Part ('• TIDAI, ()BSEH\AlIONft ANUKtMi-i- i>> (I,, pripamhonh Part I): 11 VUROGRAPllY VOI.lMi: XI: t;E«>M)<;Y AM) <;i.O(iKAIMIV ,,.. A: THE <:EOT,OC1V OF T"}^ AJ^-T'C C'nAST OF r.VNAUA .EST Oi" TME^KENT. P.rt B:MA^^^S^.at:<'r;i/^^r'Wn-Elni CainiTon VOLIME XIII: TECIIXOLOGV OK THE COI'PEIl ESKIMOS Part A TECHNOLOGY OF THE COPPER E~KlMO< (r„>,e prepared). VOLIME XIV: ESKIMO FOLK-LOKE AXD LAX(il AiJE Part A ISiaMOMYTIlRANirr AOlTBO^SFIum ALASKA.THE MACKENZIE DEL^ Part A. 1 •^'l ^'^.j, coRONATKtN 'c^^-^^,l%ni^KM'V\ll^OV THE ESKIMO DIALECTS ^'-' «^ ^^Vi^^Vi^S^l'^^^M^^^^^Sdr^'.SU CORONATIONS ELF. By D. Jenncsa VOLIME XV: ESKIMO STRINO FKU RES A\0 SOXOS Part A- STRING FIGURES OF THE I>;KtMOS, By D. lo ..c- U. :.l, f.r pr. ... I'ln B; SONGS OF THE roPPEK ESK!MO>. „^ prcp.nUi.nK \}y Hvl-r, H. !iuht.Tti ant! O .li:.n. -•,... VOLIME XVI: ARCIIAEOLO(iY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF WESTERN ARCTIC AMERICA ttAS!afcjga>Lb^i>*m;A, j'.Maa»J,v"j;^WsJV>' ! aj^.a- -^ ' --Wj