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They are not intended to supersede minute and thorough questioning by the teacher, "but to suggest topics of chief importance. Sufficient information to ans-ver nearly all the questions will be found in the ordinary text-hooks on Geography. In cases where direct answers are not found, a little reflec^ tion will enable the intelligent student to solve the difficulty. J. F. T. WoLFviLLE, April, 1875. i«wiiiii wiii « m PART I. Lesson I. INTRODUCTION. 1. What is the exact shape of the earth] Give ovidcnces of its rotunility. 2. Give the diameter and circumference of the earth in miles. 3. How many motions has the earth, and what phenomena are connected with them 1 Account for the change of the seasons. 4. What are the equinoxes and solstices, and when do they occur 1 5. With what velocity does a point on the equator move in consequence of the earth's revolution on its axis 1 DEFINITIONS. 1. Define axis, poles, equator, parallels, meridians, tropics, polar circles, ecliptic. 2. Define latitude, longitude, zoi s. Name the zones, and give their width in degrees. 3. Define continent, isthmus, mountain system, mountain chain, plain, plateau. Mention specific names for plains in different parts of the world. 4 Define ocean, sea, gulf, bay, lagoon, river, creek. 5. Define river basin, river system, water shed, delta, medi- terranean, border sea, lake. 6. Account for the names Tropics of Cancer, Capricorn, Artie Circle. r ? "f - ?%- 5'==«,'V 7. What is iiu^ant by climate] by profile of a country 1 Ly n'Ymn by liorizoii ? 8. Define gop, pass, gorge, steppe, heath, desert, oasis, snow- line. THE ^WOI^T^D. Lesson II. T. THE LAND. 1. Name the continents, arrange them in pnirs, and show how the southern members are coniiected -with the northern. 2. Bound tach continent, and name its chief indentations and projections. 3. Which continent has the most coast line in proportion to iis area 1 4. In what d 'Section do the peninsulas of the world gener- ally extend 1 Name exceptions. 5. Specify points of resemblance between the southern parts of the difi'erent continents 1 6. What is the difference between a continent and an island 1 Name the principal islands in each ocean, and state whether they are continental or pelagic. 7. Classify islands as to their origin. 8. Name a few volcanic islands in each ocean. Point out several coral islands, and describe the conditions and varieties of coralline formations. 9. Name the principal mountain systems and river basins in each continent, and tell what zone they are in. 10. Iklention peninsulas and islands that contain mountains, and name the mountains. 11. '\Vl\at. iiiiportiint part do mountains play in the economy of nature] 12. What is the difrercnco between a plateau and a plain 1 In what regions will plateaux he found 'i 13. Describe the principal plains in each continent. Which of them slope to >vard3 the north 1 Mention plains that are uninhabitable, and give the reasona for tlieir conditi'. U. Would vlu. earth be more or less valun^^^o toman, if there were no mountains on its surface 1 15. From W' it sourc.es does the earth derive its heat? Lesson III. II. THE WATER. 1. What portion of the earth's surface is covered with water ] Xame the divisions into which the water is commonly separated. 2. Bound each ocean, and give tho a^, roximate length and breadtlu 3. If the continents formed a compact mans in one hemi- sphere, leaving tlie water one vast individual ocean, would the earth better subserve the purposes of man ] If not, why ] 4. If th. water occupied the polar regions, leaving the equatoriid for the Lmd, wo:ild that he an improve- ment'? r>. Of wliat utility cU-e the oceans in the economy of nature 1 6. Rivers are constantly pouring water into tlifi ocean ; is it therefore becoming deeper] Wliy not] 7. In what ways are the waters of the oceans agii^atcd I What beneficial purpose h subserved by these movo- nienis ] m mimii 8 8. In the case of -waves and tides is there a forward motion of the particles of water ? How do you account for the change of place of a floating body 1 9. Explain the cause of the tides. Suppose at new moon we shor.ld have high tide at mid-day, why would our antipodes have high tide at the same hourl 10. What are the principal causes of ocean currents? De- scribe the currents in each ocei^n. 11, What are the chief agents in the production of raini What regitns have constant, periodical or variable rains respectively] Where are rainless regions found 1 Lesson IV. m ILL THE ATMOSPHEEE. 1, The atmospheie is invisible : What proof is there that it exists'? 2. To what height does it extend 1 a What pressure does it exeit on a square foot of the earth's surtaoe 1 4. What causes pin^duce the winds? How do you account for their directions 1 5. Namo the regions in which the winds are constant, periodical, ov variable; and account for the phenomena. 6. If the atmosphere remained in a state of equilibrium for one year, how would it affect the distribution of rain 1 7. Why does a West wind bring iis fine weather, while tho AVest and South bring storms? Would ihe case be the same in England oi- British Columbia ? 8. Why docs it take a ship longer to sail from Liverpool to New York than from New York to Liverpool ? <%i ^ks £^ PART XL THE CONTIlSrENTS. •jrjtKe Western Hejaaispliei-e, Lesson V. I. NORTH AMERICA. 1. Describe the three sections into whieii North America may be divided physically. Name the iiiountaia ranges, river basi is and principal rivers in each. 2. Bound and describe the basine of Mississippi, St. Law- rence, McKenzie, Columbia, and Yukoa. Tell what zone or part of tlie zone they are in. 3. Name the highest mountain peaks in North America, and tell where they may he found. Which of Lhem are volcanoes? 4 Bound the political divisions of North America, and give a physical description of each, naming the prin- cipal lakes, rivers, and mountains. 5. What can you say of the climate and products of North America] (Answer this by countries, sections, or fitatciS, as may be necessary.) 6. Point out the chief commercial centres of North Amer- ica. Show the advantages of their positions, and statital and chief cities in ea«h province. What are the advantages of thei-r location ? What are the leading industries of those cities 1 3. What is the population of Canada ? What are the chief exports 1 Name the colleges in the Dominion. 4. Describe the government of the I>ominion of Canada. Compare its legislative, executive, and judicial organs With those of the United States, in respect to appoint- ment, extent of power, and duration of term of office. ■5. Would Canada be colder if a mountain chain skirted the shores of the Arctic ? Lesson VIII. MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA. L Bound these countries. Name tlieir coast waters, capitals, and chief cities. 2. What can you say about the climate, people, and products of these states 1 tmm m MM*. 12 ^. What volcanoes are found in these regions 1 4. What are the fani^s of goVcmiiient ? AVhat nation ownla Buliz« 1 fllE IBLAN0S. 1. What 19 trtmvn aljoitt Greenland and Icetf.ntt,— their cli- mrtte, phy&ical feati^res, i'esoiirce», inhabitanta, and chief cities 1 2. Name tlic most important islands arid £p:oi1p3 of islands south-east of the l/nited States, and state to what powetis they belong.' 3. What can yoit say of the goverhmewt, population, and exports of these islands ? 'Lesson I^.- g^eneral questionsf, 1. What rivers flow into Hudson Bay? Long tslaiid Soundt Chesapeake Bay 1 Gitlf of Mexico 1 2. Describe the following rivers,— their sources, courses, feat- ures of country through which they flow, and tell into what body of water th«y fall : Yukon, Nelson, St. Lawrence, Mississippi, Ohio, Columbia, Colorado, Eia Grande, Potomac, Hudson, Connecticut, Mackenzie. Give the approximate length of each. 3. Draw a profile of North America, from Boston to San Francisco j from Cape I^thurst to Mobile. 4. Name the principal seaports on the Atlantic and Pacific^ coasts of North America. i -^mmmff 1 b. Kame the principal cities on the St. Lawrertce and tlid great lakes. Name those on the Gulf of Mexico. 6. Coal, iron, gold, silver, copper, are found in North America. Ncirne the regions \there they are found. 7. Where and near what cities does the Tropic of Cancef cross North America 1 What cities on or near the 40th degree of latitude ] B. Describe the Pacific and Atlantic highlands, and name the rivers in each* \ II y Lesson ^< ll. SOUTH AMERICA. 1. Bound South America; describe its physical features < give the names of the extreme northern,- eastern, and southern points. 2. Describe the mountain chains. Bound the three prin- cipal river basins. What zones are they in 1 5. Where do the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn cross South America 1 4. What volcanoes are in the Andes? 5. Why are all the large rivers east of the Andes 1 Ho^V does the annual rain-fall on the Atlantic slope compare with that on the Pacific 1 Account for the difiference. 6. What cities at or near the mouths of the rivers Amazon and La Plata 1 7. Name the States of South America, giving the capital and chief cities in each. What are the chief cities on the Pacific coast 1 What on the Atlantic coast 1 8. What are the chief exports of South America 1 ■M MMlii 14 9. l)escribe the Plateaux of Bolivia and Brazil. Describe the lakes of South America. lO. Draw a profile from Para to Guayaquil ; from Bahia to Callao ; from Caracas to Montevideo. U. What can you say of the government and people 1 Where were the Spanish, where the Portuguese pos sessions '? 12. What islands near the coast 1 13. What can you say of Brazil, — the name, its climate and productions, its mineral and agricultural resources, its chief cities, and its government 1 14. Name and give the location of each of the Spanish States of South America. What are the occupations and productions of each 1 What the forms of govern- ment ] 15. In what direction do the ocean currents flow nxsar the coast of South America 1 16. What is said about Guiana,— its climate, vegetable pro- ducts, government, &c. 1 17. How does South America compare with North America in respect to the manufacturing interests, the develop- ment of natural resources, and the social and indus- trial condition of the people generally? Can you account for the difference ? Lesson XI. General Questions. 1. Draw an outline of the coast of South America. Name the capes, bays, river mouths, and chief cities, as you pass them. 1 .^.^ 15 2. Compare the hi^'hlands of Soutli Aniorica with the high lands of North America. 3. Compare the central plain of South America with that of North America. Which is the more uniform ] 4. Where are the Pampas, Selvas, Llanos'? Account for the names. Which is best adapte-i to grazing? 5. Cut the Isthmus of Panama, and suppose South An^erica to float due cast across the Atlantic, where would Capo St. Eoque strike Africa '? C. What compensation has South America for the want of gulfs and hays? 7. Suppose the earth to commence revolving on its axis from east to west, how would it affect tlie physical condition of South America 1 f ■agMillll PART III, THE CONTINENTS. (Continued.) 'JPlie Eastern Heminpliere, Lesson XII, III. AFRICA. 1. Bouud Africa. In what zone or zones does it liet Where do the equator and tropics cross it ? 2. Describe the surface of the -'.ontinent. What parts have not yet been explored 1 3. Describe the lakes and river systems of Africa, and men- tion any peculiarities connected with the latter. 4. What can you say of the climate of Africa, the distribu- tion of rain, the vegetation in different parts, the animals, the products ] 5. In what part of Africa dwell the Berbers, Moors, Kaffirs, and Hottentots? What is their mode of life? C. AVhat States and cities on the north of Africa 1 What on the we«t and east { What European powers have possessions in Africa 1 Name such possessions. 7. Show t)ie advantage of the positions of Cairo, Algiers, Timbuctoo, Cape Town, Zanzibar, and Murzuk. What livikha are exported imn eacj> ? 8 9 IC 11 17 8. In what direction do the oceanic currents flow near the coast of Africa] 9. How does Africa, as a tropical continent, differ from South America ] 10. IIow do you account for the fertility of Egypt nnd Nubia, since they lie in the rainless region 1 11. What islands lie near the coast of Africa, and ^.o what powers do they belong 1 Lesson XIII. General Questions. 1. IIow does the coast of Africa compare with that of South America 1 With that of North America ] 2. Draw the coast of Africa, naming the countries, cities, rivers, and the coast waters as they are reached. 3. Describe the inland waters of Africa. What does their position indicate as to the climate of different parts of the continent? 4. Where is Ashantee, Dahomey, Liberia, Morocco, Tchad Kenia, Kilima Njaro] 6. Would Africa be more or less valuable if its area was diminished by numerous inlets of the Sea. 6. How would Africa be affected if the eaith should revolve on its axis in the opposite direction 1 7. How do you account for the rainless region of the Sahara 1 riUh, nS£ 18 Lksson XIV. IV. EUKOPE. 1. Bound Europe. Describe its coast, naming '.ho penin- sulas and coast waters. In what zone is Europe ] 2. Name the mountain chains of Europe. Give a physical description rf High Europe. What is its water-shed ] Pescrihe Low Europe in the same manner, naming its most prominent features. 3. What rivers of Europe flow into th? Caspian, Black, and Mediterranean Seas? What into the Atlantic, the North Sea, and the Baltic 1 Name them in order, Giving their sources and directions. 4. Describe and name the mountains and rivers of Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Prussia, Austria, Russia, and Turkey. 5. How do the climate and vegetation of Europe compare with these of North America'? How is the difference accounted for] Ho v is the difference between the climate of High and Low Europe accounted for ] C. What part of North America has the same latitude as the Valley of tlie Pol Compare the climate and vegetation of the two regions, and account for the difference. 7. Of what races are the people of Europe 1 Asiatic peo- ple occupy what parts of Europe'? 8. What countries are included in Low Europe 1 What are the resources of this region, and the occupations of the people. 9. Name 'die chief cities, and account for their location. tiL^MKtimt' 19 What triwlo ia carried on in Aatrachan, Nijni Novgorod Riga, Archangel, Odessa, and Kiev ] Lesson XV. — (Europe conthincd.) 10. Wliat can you say of the climato and resources of Scan- dinavia] W hat are the exports 1 Name the chief cities. 11. Name the countries contained in High Europe. How do you account for the great number of States In High Europe, while Low Europe contains so few ? 12. Give a description of Austria. What are her most important industries'? Iler people represent what racesi 13. What seaports has Austria 1 What an her exports and imports ] Name the capital and chief cities. Show the advantage oi" che location of Vienna, Prague, Trieste, arJ Pesth, U. What States constituted the North German Confeder- ation] When was the kingdom of Prussia formed out of them ] Give the date of each conquest by Prussia. 15. Name the rivers of Germany; give their sources and directions. 16. Name a city at the mouth of each river. 17. The people of Prussia belong to what race? What are their occupations and exports ? 18. Where and for what noted are Berlin, Danzig, Dresden, Cologne, Frankfort, Hamburg, Stuttgart, and Munich? 19. Name the smaller German States. How are they gov- erned 1 20. Give a physical description of Holland. Name the capital and chief cities. How extensive in lier com- merce? What arc her exports? What foreign pos- sessions has she ? alMiMMMb «Mt»> jMiM* mmm 20 32. Lesson XVI.— ( Europe continued.) 21. Boura France. Describe its pliysical features, naming mountains, rivers, &c. What are her leading indus- tries 1 What her exports and imports'? 22. Where and for what noted are Paris, Lyons, Marseilles, Bordeaux, Brest. Orleans, Rheims 1 23. How do the French and Germans differ as to racci 24. Describe physically Belgium and Switzerland. What are the leading occupations of these States] 25. Name the principal cities, describing their location. Le- scribe the lakes of Switzerland. 26. The British Isles include what countries'* Describe each country physically, — naming the mountains, rivei's, lakes, bays, capes, coast islands, &c. 27. How does the climate compare with that of other coun- tries having the same latitude 1 Account for the dif- ference. 28. What are the leading industries ot Great Britain 1 Where and of what kind arc the mines 1 What are the ex ports and imports'? 29 At what places iii Ireland do steamers from this side the Atlantic calH Name and give the location of the most important cities in England, Ireland, and Scot- land. Describe the principal lines of railroad in England. 30. Name the British possessions outside of the British Isles % 31. AVhat universities has Great Britain, and where are they % Describe the government of Great Britain. \. vidmma r -iiHNHM)MM0liNiWlH mmU^ 21 32, Wlifiro auil for what noted aro Liverpool, Qnccnstown, Leeds, Mancliester, Birniinglir.in, 81it'f»i*ld, (Jliusgow, and London? Lesson XVIL General Question-s. 1. Name the p('ni^suia^ iu Southern Euro|x», and j^ivc a physical description of encli, naming tho mountains and rivera. 2. What can you say of the t liniate and resources of Por- tugil and Spain 1 Name the cliief cities, and tell Inhere they aje located. Name the exporcs of each. 3. "What foreign pc ^sessions have Spain and Portugal 1 Compare the colonial policy oi: Spain with that of England. What is the form cf governmen*^ in these Statesi 4. What can you say of the climate and resources of Italy and Sicily] What are the chief employments and products ? 5. Describe the following cities : Rome, Naples, Venice, Pisa, Palermo, Leghorn, Florence, Genoa. 6. What is the form of governmert of Italy, and who is king at the present time 1 7. Give a physical description of Greece. What arc its resources? Of what importance is it commercially and politically 1 8. Bound the Ottoman Empire, and name the countrieg included. Describe r,he power of the Sultan. 0. Name the provli, "ps in Turkey. XO. Name the live great powers of Europe. Name the second-rate powers. 22 11. Wliat are the religious opinions of the Celt, the Teuton, and the Slave respect^lly ? Where are these raees found ] Lesson XVIIL V- ASIA. -naming 1. Bound Asia; give a physical description of it, its mountain ranges, rivers, lakes, peninsulas, coast waters, and capes. 2. It what zones does it lie 1 Where do the Arctic Circle and Tropic of Cancer cross Asia] In climate and fertility, how does it compare with Europe 1 Name the deserts. 3. Beginning in Asia Minor and ending at Behring Strait, name all the mountain chains in order, stating what country they are in, and mentioning the highest peaks. 4. Beginning at the Ohi River and ending with the Eu- phrates, name the rivers in regular order, telling their sources, and directions, describing the countries through which they How, and naming any cities on or near them. Name the political divisions of Asia. Bound China, Persia, India, &c. Name the British and Russian possessions in Asia. Where are Thibet, Mongolia, the Peccan, Indo-China, Siberia Farther India, Plateau of Iran, Armenia] What can you say of the climate, vegetation, and animals of each of the above regions] What are the chief exports and imports ] 8. Describe the people of the above countries, and their forms of government. 5. 7. 11. .!r jua iWM ta i 9. llTamc the principal cities in each of those divisions, shoW the advantages of theit location j and mention the lead- ing industries. 10. Name and describe the islands off the east coast, in the order in which thsy occitr, beginning at the north; and mention any thing remarkable connected with them. 11. Kame the principal islands of Malaysia and their capitals, and tell to what nations they belong ? 12. Describe the ocean currents flowing near the coast of Asio, and tell in what direction they are moving. Lesson XIX. VI. AUSTEALIA. 1. Bound Australia. In what zone does it lie 1 Describe it physically, naming its mountains, rivers, coast waters, peninsulas, capes, &c. 2. Name the islands lying near it. 6. What can you say of the climate, vegetation, and atii- mals of Australia 1 Of the occupation of the people, and their exports 1 4. To whom does the continenii belong ? I^ame the colonies, and the chief cities iii eath. 5. Describe its forests and animals* 6. Is Australia likely to become a populous country. 7. Describe the coralline formation on the eastern coast. VII. MANKIND. 1. Give the geographical position of the different races of mankind. 2. Compare the degree of civilization of each, and describe their governments and religions. 3. How does climate affect animal and vegetable life ? HoW the civilization of man ? I I^^iBWSt^«>«>'a! tAUT IV. [Lesson XX. ASTl^ONOMICAL aEOGKAPHY. 1. What is meant "by the solat system'? What by thd iinivefse i 2i Name the planets in the ottler of their distance from the sun, and describe their motionsi How many motions has the earth 1 5. How do yon account for the change of seasons 1 4. How are difTerences of climate in the same latitudes accounted fori 6. If the earth were a cylinder instead of a sphere, what would be the climate 1 6. What are the equinoxes 1 How do yotl account for thci variation in the length of day and night 1 How much does the longest dq,y at the Arctic Circle differ from that at the Equator 1 f. How long does it take a point on the Equator to revolvd through one degree in the earth's daily revolution oil ius a.iis 1 8. A and B are at opposite ends of a telegraph. A's time is 12 M. at Greenwich. At the same instant B's timd is 4h. 30m. r.M. Is B east or west from A, and how many degrees 1 1 iJtaiiiiMiiiiiiii! mmMn hat by the 25 U. TliG 1. .ngitiule of Edinburgh is V AV. When it is noon at i:dinburgh, Avhat time is it at Lima, 77' W.I at Can- ton, 118° E.1 at Kio Janeiro, 43° W.I at Mecca, 40° E. 'i 10. T\w lititnde of London is 51° 30' N. In what zone is it, and liow far from the tropic 1 11. The longitude of Calcutta is 88° 17' E., and of the Barba- dos, 59° 45' W. Which is the shorter way to Barbados from Calcutta, — east or west 1 I '2. Suppose a rod should be run through the centre of the earth from Boston, what would be the latitude and longitude of the opposite end where it issued from the surface 1 ice from tha my motions ns? me latitude phere, what cunt for thd How much fer from that )r to revolvd 3voliition oil . A's time ant B'a timet A, and how Lesson XXL (Jkner.vl (^Hjestions. 1. \\\wA'e do the meri'liaus of Washington and Greenwich pass through South America and Africa respectively ? Wliat countries would l)e crossed by the meridians 180' from these 1 2. What cities on or near the parallels of 40°, 45°, 50", and 55°, north latitude 1 3. How do Quebec and London compare in latitude and Climate? Compare lioston and Rome ; Xew York and Xiiples ; Glasgo>v and ]Moscow, in the same manner. 4. A V(!ssel sailing from Riga to l^mama Avould pass through what waters'! A Y(?ssel sailing from Canton to A spin- wall, i'rom Cairo to Calcutta, from Liverpool to Zan- zibar, or from Adelaide to Algiers, might sail through what waters'? V.^iiTTiT-TTfiHii^ifWirTflrin'" ■'■ ^y^^^K^-a^i^^x^k^tl^^m^i LtE'M.ldW^Wr i^if.f^AiH^M 26 5. Naiiio the capitals of eacli province in the Dominion of Canada; of each State in the United States; ot each State in Central and Sonth America ; and of each Country in Europe. 6. Give the position of the follmving mountain peaks . Shasta, Elhurus, Kasbek, Savlat; Ben 2s^evis, Snow- don, Pichincha, Culima, Izalco, Chiniborazo, Sorata, ]\[auna Loa, Teneritfe, Everest, and Kenia. 7. AVhere are the following islands : Trinidad, Perim, Heli- goland, Galapagos, South Slietland, Faroe, Azores, Alan ', Caroline, Lipari, Bourbon, and Xicobar? Lesson XXII. — (Genera/. Questions continued.) 8. Give the position of the following countries or states : Balize, Leon, Khiva, Lapland, Ashantee, 1 Bulgaria, Savoy, Georgia, Costa Rica, Khorasan, Brittany, Ro- mania, and the Levant. 9. Where are the following cities : Singapore, Sarawak, Goa, Smyrna, Callao, Colombo, ^Eocha, Tunis, Rasle, San Diego, Matamoras, Vera Cruz, Manilla, Oporto, Hamburg, leghorn, and Ottawa? 10. Describe the trarle-winds and monsoons ; state their causes and effects. 11. "Wliere are salt lakes found, and why are they salt? 12. "NVill South America ever become a wheat-produ'^nng country I Where is that grain found 1 1'^. In Avliat parts of the oceans are vast areas of sta-weed found? \v are they accounted for"? 14. Suppose a cask were thrown from a vessel off Cape Horn, where might it be carried by the ocean ci'.rrents 1 aMo^c::^ ■HI 27 15. AVhat arc the chief exports of Calcutta, Buenos Ayres, New Orleans, Kio Janeiro, Cliicaf:jo, Itif,'a, and Batavia] 16. How does a hemisphere map of the world differ from a jSIercator's map ? 17. Which way would a body float, if thrown into the water at the mouth of tlie Red Sea in June? Which way in January 1 18. 19. 20. 21. O') 23. 24. Lesson XXIII. — (General Qaestlou,i nnitlnued.) If a boat were set adrift in Baffin's Bay, which way Avould it tloat ? If near Cape of Good Hope which way would it move ; and if it ever returned to place of depiirture, how far would it have gone ? The surface-ice of Baffin's liay may be drifting south, and at the same time icebergs in the bay are drifting to the north : ean you account for the fact 1 If Newfoundland could be taken up and depo.sited in the same latitude on the west coast of North America, would the change he beneficial to the Newfoundlanders'? What three nations ptjssess nearly all Asia? Will Asiatic Russia evt-r b(.' as valuable as British India ? Why not ?- Why is the p'assage fnjm Australia to Liverpool or New York made da Cape Horn, rather than Cape Good Hope? If th" soil of the Dominion of Canade were like the desert of Sahara, woulil it ever receive any rain ? Should navigators crossing the Atlantic nil in the same latitudes in flune as in January? 1. )t, why not? Why do not the Trade Winds blow from West U) East 20. - i . I'S. •J 9. ao. 31. o2. 28 fiF.SSON' XXIV, — ( (rCI/ei'df (iin\'li' in vegctaMe aiul animal life — ('xcei)t man — iis you advance from the poles towards tlie eijuator \ In what latitudes has man attained the highest develop- ment ? Of what value are winds in the economy of naturt'l Describe their agency as mediator between sea and land. Why is the West side of X''orth America wanut.T than the Kast? If the eartii were Mat and always presenteil tlie same side to the sun, how Avould its climate be aifected I . .*• 'r. wim ik 1