IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) A i^/ 1.0 I.I ilM lilM as, 20 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 *4 6" — ► V2 ^ /} ^: (TA /a // y /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY 14580 (716) 872-4503 mp. w- CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reprodnite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. D D D D D n Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur r~l Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur6e et/ou pellicul6e □ Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes giiographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int6rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont pas dtd filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires sup'~'6mentaires; D D n D D D D D Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d^colordes, tachetdes ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence r~7 Quality of print varies/ Quality in6gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplementaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmdes d nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film^ au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X SOX >/ 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X ails du idifier une nage The copy filmed here hatt been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Library Dalhousie Univenity The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire film^ fut reproduit grflce d la gin^rositd de: Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Library Dalhousie University Les images suivantes ont 6x6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire i\\m6. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last oage with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. Ail other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim^e sont filmis en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmis en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les dia^rammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rata telure, I d 3 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^5,:,'7%v^^ ■ V •"!•• ISTORIGAL SKETCH OP THE (Bt&tt tfl tto f 0W «t ^mfwm. AN ADDRE 1)KUVEKK1> AT TKK Fortieth Annual Sqssijpn OF THE NATIONAL DIVIHION, Held at HALIFAX, N.S,, in' July, I8a4. BY SAMlJtLF. GARY, SEJJItMl F.M.W.V, HAUJPAX, H.S, : AV 'fHR\KATQ».l'ftl5*TKB. 171 BARI«n6t<^N BTREBST, . ■ -, _ , 1884. » Ml,. V ^" ^SWjX- > •• > <«■ ^^■■•- ■• J 1 'iS HISTORICAL SKETCH OF TUE (^t&tx 0f tht f 0ns 0f ^m^ttrntt AN ADDRESS DELIVERKD AT THK Fortieth Annual Session OF THE NATIONAL DIVISION, Held at HALIFAX, N. S., in July, 1884. ^^:^'-Mf/jiu m^^MA^ BY CAMUEL F. GARY, 8EN10K I'.M.W.l'. -?SC£f£S HALIFAX, N.S. : W. THEAKSTON, PRINTER, 171 BARRINOTON STREET, 1884. i EXTRACT FROM THE .TOURNAI, OF NATIONAL DIVISION. " K.-p. P. Monaj,'luni, of Nova Scotia, iiiov-^oOo— < , Our most worthy brother, Sir Leonard Tii.lky, was expected ■ ,•? tohave overnmentof tlie Dom- inion of Canada, prevent his attendance, and that a substitute was necessary. So rapid is the flii^ht of time, and so gradual, yet so certai'i, the changes in liuman aflaii-s, that it is dithcult to realize that more than a generation has passed since our Order had a Nationul cxi^•tence. Very few are living who witnessed its birth, and its present membership know little of its early history. A satisfac- tory record of its struggles, trials, and achievements would till a large volume. I cannot hope to do more than to give a brief #-, sketch, a mere outline, of its origin and progress, its changes and c, modifications, its successes and reverses. The Order of the Sons ok Temperance originated in the necessities of the hour. The various eras of the temperance reform had one aftt^r another spent their vitality ami energy. The " Washingtojiian" movement had swept over our land like a moral tornado, giving sight to the blind, healing to the broken-hearted, deliverance to the captives, a year of .lubilee. Mirac'es of healing had been wrought, and many hoped that the millennium had dawned ! But the storm spent its force, a calm succeeded, and tens of thousands who had resolved upon a better life returned to their old habits. Tlie tide of j-j ' • ' '"^anlifiU its full flow and began to ebb. There wa place of refuge. The widespread a{ perance who had taken the pledge inquiry Philanthropy made of all 1 shall we go up ?" The Order of th tricolored Ibig, with the inscrip Fidelity" glittering upon its fold. ,._ me !" A glance at its rise and pro On the 20th September, 18-1 ,. . ._ v.. cradle. These fortunate n)en \ Oliver, W. B. Tompkins, James Oliver, Thos. Edgerly. Geo. Uch Swenarton, F. W. Wolfe, J. H. HoLMAN, Hknby Lloyd, and Ep ■/ C/v a 3 •-^^^S» 4 HIHTOKICAL HKRTCII OF TUB they have dreamed of the future of the infant in that cradle ! New York Division, No. 1, Sons of Temperance, w«8 organised, a constitution and by-laws were adopted,and a committee appointed to re(K)rt a suitable ceremonial. Several preliminary meetings were held, and on Friday evening, October 7, the Division was formally organized. The officers elected and installed were : Danl. H. Sands, Patnarvh. Ephm. L. Snow, Amx-inte. John W. Oliver, Jiecordhif/ Scribe. Jamks Bale, FinancUil Saihe. Geo. McKiUBEN, Trmmrer. TH08. ElKJERLY, Umdurtor, Thos. Swenarton, Sentinel. The Order was now equipped for service. At the next meetinc: eleven were initiated, and eleven others proposed for membership. This Division constituted itself the " Fountain Head," and assumed the power of granting charters until a Grand Division could be organized. On the 2nd of December following, a circular, calling the attention of the friends of temperance to the new organization, was issued through the temperance press. This address set forth the pla'i and objects of the Order, and invited the sympathy and co-operation of all who loved the cause and who desired to see its success jittsured. It announced the objects of the new Order to be 1st. " To shield its members from the evils of intemperance ;" 2nd. *' Afford mutual assistance in case of sickness ; ' 3rd. " To elevate their characters as men." Five men were chosen by the New York Division, No. 1, who, with the Patriarch and Associr^e, were to organize the (Jrand Division of New York and exercise the functions of the "Foun- tain Head," grant charters, organize Divisions, install officers, etc. This Grand Division was instituted December 10, 1842. Daniel H. Sands was elected and installed Grand Patriarch. NATIONAL DIVISION. Charters were granted to organize Subordinate and Grand Divisions in other States. The Order was thus planted in New Jersey, Mary'iand, Pennsylvania, Connecticut and Massachusetts, and on the 17th June, 1844. the Grand Patriarchs and Grand Associates of these Grand Divisions met in New York City and organized the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of Nt»RTii America. Daniel H. Sands, who had been Chairman of the committee cf sixteen, the first Patriarch, the first Grand Patriarch, was elect- ed and installed Supreme Patriarch. This branch of the Order -was organized with a jurisdiction of six Grand Divisions, seventy- one Subordinate Jivisions, and about six thousand members. It is worliiy of a passing remark, that an application for Newark Division, No. 1, of New Jersey, was made before the New York Divi- sion was a month old. January 8, 1844, the Grand Division of New Jersey received its Charter and was duly instituted, January 25. Manh 5 the Grand Division of Maryland was instituted ; April 26 the Grand Division of Pennsylvania ; May 10 the Grand y-pivision of Connecticut, and June 10 the Grand Division of 9^ q ^ .- '-ri O O 5* 05 »il ^ ■" •• J OUItKB OF THE SONS 0¥ TKMPKKANCE. ManiinchuBetts. All these Divisions wee organized by Bro. John W. Oliver, of New York, except that of MacHnchuaettH, which wiis instituted by Samuel Ellin, of MnsHachuRetts. Charters had been crtinted for Grand Divisions in Virginia and District of Columbia, but they had not been fully constituted at the time uf the organi- zation of the National Division. From the beginning of the Order the qualifications for repre- sentativi'M to the Grand Divisions were the same Jis now. The Grand Worthy Patriarchs and (irand Worthy Associates only were eligible fo- nU'ificn to the National Division. At the fourteenth Ses^i<»n, held in Providence, R. I., in 18.")!, }icting(irand Scribes were made eligible,»nd at that S, lb8'J. The second Session of tbe National Division was held in the city of New Y'ork, .lune 11, 184r>. Four new Grand Divisions were reported, making len in all. Tliese were tiiose of Virginia, Ohio, Disslriutol 0»liunb-a, and Maine There were 1*.>4 Subordinate Divisions and i7,()(H) member^. The titles of the orticers of the National Divisioji were changed from '• Supreme" to " Most Worthy." The third Sefsion of the National Division was held in New York City, .June 10, 184<'». Tbree more Grand Divisions were repuiied : DeJawari!, Irnliina, and Tennessee. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 14 Grand Divii-ion'i.OoO Subordinate Divisions, and 4<),000 members. A grand public procession, with music and biUlner^i, in wbieii over lt> (KKi .-^(ins of Temperance in their beauti- ful legaiia pariicipaietl, wa.s lia I ill the City of New York on the t»th .June, it was indei-d n. national jul)ilee, and no such spectacle had evur been wiinestied in cttniiection with the temperance reform. A giaiut national salute was fired on the battery, the bells ol the city of New Yui k and Brooklyn were rung in concert. It was saiil tbat tnis ili.-Tilay was tbe ni'st powerful temperance seinion ev»'r ilelivered up to ttiat time. At this session, Piiir.i.iP S. Whitk, of Pennsylvania, was chosen Most Worthy Patriarch. 'Jhe fourth Session of the National Division was held in Phila- delphia, .lune 1(5, 18-17. Nine more Grand Divisions were rei)orled, as follows : North Carolina, Kentucky, Georgia, Illinois, Rhode iHland, Michigan, Mi.ssouri, New Hampshire and Louisiana, making 2'2 Grand Divisions, 1,300 Subordinate Divisions, and 1(K»,000 members. At this Session it was declared that the " true intent and meaning of the pledge was to prohibit the manufacture, sale and use of all alcoholic or intoxicating liquors as a beverage, whether enumerated by name in the pledge or not." This interpre- tation has never since been modified. The fifth Annual Session was held in Baltimore, June 20, 1848,. Eight more Grand Divisions were reported, viz : South Carolina, Alabama, New Brunswick, Mississippi, Iowa, Wisconsin, Nova IScotia, and Vermont making in all 30 Grand Divisions, 2,G54. d 6 III8TOKICAL MKKTC^II OF THE Subordinpte Divisions, and 140,372 members. It is noticeable tbat .at thJH SeHHJon the HritiHh Provinces united their destinies with the States, and resolved to march under the same banner, Inxuid tctgether witli the same triple cord of Love, Purity and Fidelity. From tliat}{uod hour the most perfect cordiality of sentiment and unity of action have exiHted. Every member, true to his own nationality nnd loyal to his own civil government, has been also loyal to the same national jurindiclicm of our Order. Not one cir- cumstance has occurred to even suggest a wish to separate and form independent jurisdictions. So may it ever be. is the deep sentiment of every brother, on both sides of the national bouiul- aries. We cheei fully share with each other in the discharge of the duties of the Order and in enjoying the honors awarded for faithful service. At this Session, S. F. Caky, of Ohio, was elected M.W.P. The sixth Annual Session was held at Cincinnati, on the J loth May, 184!>. Five more Grand Divisions were reported, as |r^f follows : Texas, Arkansas, Prince Edward Island, Florida, and ' Canada West. There were then reported 35 Grand I)ivisioDB, 4,;j*.>8 , Subordinate Divisions, 221,478 membere. j The seventh Session was held in Boston June 11, 1850. The M- W. S. reported 39 Grand Divisions, 5.5G3 Subordinate Divisions, aiid 232,233 members. They also reported that the Grand Division of Great Britian had been instituted. John W. Olivkr, of New York, was installed M.W. P. The eighth Session was held in Toronto June 11, 1851. On account of some unpleasant feeling it waa thought best to divide the jurisdiction of >ew York into two parts. Accordingly charters were granted to Eastern New York and Western New York, both bearing date of the original charter. The territory was satisfac- torily divided. This added another Division, making 36 Grand Divisions, 6,097 Subordinale Divisions, and 238,903 members. This was the zenith of the Order, so far as members are concerned. The ninth Annual Session was held at Richmond, Va., June 3, 1852. Grand Divisions had been organized in Newfoundland, California, and Canada East. The M. W. S reported 40 Grand Divisions, 5,946 Subordinate Divisions and 221,056 members. The Hon. John Belton O'Neall, of South Carolina, was elected Most Worthy Patriarch. The tenth Session was held in Chicago, June 8, 1853. New Grand Divisions were enrolled from Minnesota and the Cherokee Nation. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 42 Grand Divisions, i,808 Subordinate Divisions, and a membership of 198,985. As the World's Temperance Convention was to be held in September of this year a special session of the National Division was provided for, to be held in New York at that time. Every mem- ber of the National Division was appointed a delegate to that con- rention. The eleventh Session was held iu St. John, New Brunswick, June 15, 1854. The Grand Division of Eastern Tennessee was enrolled. 43 Grand Divisions, 4,222 Subordinate Divsions, and 152,- 090 members were reported. An application was made and granted for the establishment of OKDER OF THE H0N8 OF TEMPKUANCE. 1 a National Division in Great Britain. By the terniM of tlie agree- ment of Hcparation it wan mutually agreed tliat thu National Division of Great Britain should have u perfect iniiepundence, except that the pass words and cards should be oommonr and sup- plied by the National DivJHion of North Anuirioa. It was further stipulated tliat the pledge nhould never be changed. This National Division was instituted April 20, ISTtd. S. L. Tillky, of New Brunswick, was elected and installed Most Worthy Patriarch. The twelfth Session was held in Charleston, S. C, Juno 0» ISoo. The Grand Division of Minnesota had been dropped from the list. 41 Grand Divisions, 3,543 Subordinate Divisions, and 134,17(5 members were reported. The tliirteenth Session was held in Lexington, Ky., .fune 4, 1856. The Most Worthy Patriarch being absent, Charles Eginton, ' , Most Worthy Associate, of Kentucky, occupied the chair. The V" Most Worthy Scribe reported 41 Grand Divisions, 2,057 Subor- dinate Divisions, and 1M>,172 members. M. D. McHenry, of Ken- tucky, was chosen Most Worthy Patriarch. The fourteenth Annual Session was held in Providence, R. I., June 8, 1857. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 41 Grand Divi- sions, 1^,051 Subordinate Divisions, and 71,233 members, The fifteenth Session was held in Indianapolis, June 0, 1858. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 41 Grand Divisions, 1081 Subor- dinate, an 1 04,508 m ambers. Six (rrand Divisions failed to make returns. Benjamin D. Townsknd, of South Carolina, waa installed Most Worthy Patriarch. The sixteenth Session was held at Philadelphia, June 1, 1859. Vhe Most Worthy Scribe reported il Grand Divisions, 1,085 Subor- p- dinate Divisions and 76,422 members. Most Worthy Patriarch Bro. Townsend, gave an interesting sketch of the Order, and alluded to the causes of decline. The seventeenth Session was held in Portland, Me., June 7, 1860. 41 Grand Divisions, 2,308 Subordinate Divisions, 04,213 members were reported. The Most Worthy Patriarch of the National Division of England and Ireland, Joseph Thomas, was in attendance at tl.is Session, and wa» most cordially welcomed. He reported 50 Subordinate Divisions, two Grand Divisions, and a National Division in good condition. Most Worthy Patriarch Townsend in his message showed that in the 12 years just preceding, there had been initiated 755,847 members. That the Subordinate Divisions had collected during; the same time $5,084,477, and that they paid out in benetits $1,415,465. That no other philanthropic or benevolent institution had collected as much money, or could exhibit such results. That even the American Bible Society, sustained by all religious denominations, with its agencies and vast printing establishment, had collected a million of dollars less in the twelve years. Silas L. Condict, of New Jersey, was chosen Most Worthy Patriarch at this Session. The eighteenth Session was to have been held in Nashville* Tenn,, in 1^1, but it was found impracticable on account of the civil war. Most Worthy Patriarch Condict, upon full conference with 8 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE members of the National Division, designated Hamilton, Canada, as the place, and June 18, 1862 as the time for holding the 18th Seosion. At this Session, 42 Grand Divisions, 2,013 Subordinate Divisions, and 89,862 members, were reported. Samuel L. Carleton, of Maine, was elected Most Worthy Patriarch. The nineteenth Session was held in Halifax, N. S., June 11> 1863, (twe ty-one years and one month ago.) The Most Worthy Scribe reported 28 GrandDivisions, 1409 Subordinate Divisions, and 55,788 members. Of course not a single State ravaged by war made any report. Regimental Divisions were organized in the army, and many brothers were thus enabled to withstand the temp- tKtions incident to thoir situation. The twentieth Spwion was held at Cleveland, Ohio., June 16, 1864. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 30 Grand Divisions, 1,358 Subordinate Divisions and 55,736 members. J. J. Bradford, of Kentucky, was chosen Most Worthy Patriarch. It is proper to say that the 29th of September, 1863, the 21st anniversay of the birth of the Order, was appropriately celebrated by a great gathering in Cooper Union, New York. Bro. Stearns gave nn interesting sketch of its birth and the years of its minority. ,' The twenty-first Session was held at New Haven, Conn., June 14, 18<)5. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 31 Grand Divisions, 1223 Subordinate Divisions, and 57,207 members. At this Session a charter was granted for the establishment of a National Division in Australia on the same terms and basis as that formed in Great Britain. Seven members of the National Division were appointed to represent the Order in the Temperance Convention to be held at Saratoga Springs, August 1, 1865. The twenty-second Annual Session was held at Montreal, June 21, 1866. 35 Urand Divisions, 1,096 Subordinate Divisions, and 54,762 members were reported. John N. Stearns, of Eastern New Ycak, was installed Most Worthy Patriarch. The twentv-third Session was held in Wilmington, Del., June 19, 1867. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 37 Grand Divisions, 1,467 Subordinate Divisions, and 72,375 members. The twenty-fourth Session w»s held in Nashville, Tenn. , May 20th, 1868. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 35 Grand Divisions, 1,753 Subordinate Divisions, and 92,646 members. R. M. Foust, of Pennsylvania, was installed Most Worthy Patriarch. The twenty-fifth Session was held in Washington, D. C, June 9, 1869. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 39 Grand Divisions, 1,968 Subordinate Divisions, and 96,673 members. The twenty-sixth Session was held in Newark, N. J., June 20, 1870. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 40 Grand Divisions, 1,970 Subordinate Divisions, and 91,814 members. Stephen B. Ransom, of New Jersey, was elected Most Worthy Patriarch. The twenty-r veoth Session was held in Boston, September 6, 1871. 43 Grand Divisions, 1,969 Subordinate Divisions, and %,964 members were reported. h^'-<: ORDER OP THE SONS OF TBlkTPERANCE. ft tr^^:;^ The twenty-eighth Session was held in Chicago, June 10, 1872. The Most Worthy Scrihe reported 34 Grand Divisions, 1960 Subor- dinate Divisions, and 93 877 members. Oscar D. Wetmore, of New Brunswick, was chosen Most Worthy Patriarch. The twenty-ninth Session was held in New York City, June 18, 1873. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 86 Grand Divisions, 1753 Subordinate Divisions, 8i.',721> members. The thirtieth Session was held in Ottawa, Canada, June 17, 1874. 36 Grand Divisions, 1836 Subordinate Divisionj*. ami 8i,299 members were reported. F. M. Bradley, of the Diftiict ol Colum- bia, was chosen Most Worthy Patriarch. The thirty-first Session was held at Providence, K. I., July 14, 1875. 39 Grand Divisions, 1976 Subordinate Divi.siunt^, and 88,102 members were reported. The thirty-second Session was held at Philadelphia, June 14, 1876. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 39 Grand Division^, 1985, Subordinate Divisions, and 89,319 members. Loris VVacjnkr, of Pciaisylvania, was chosen Most Worthy Patriarch. The thirty-third Sessioii was held in Detroit, Mii'l>., June 20, 1877. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 42 Grand Divisions, 1905 Subordinate i ivisions, and 77,088 members. The thirty-tourth Session was held at BulFalo, X. Y., June 18, 1878. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 39 Grand DivisiunH, 1685 Subordinate Divisions, and 71,501 members. Geoi:ge VV. Koss, of Ontario, was chosen Most Worthy Patriarch. Thethirv'' -fifth session was held in Washington City, June 17, 1879. 37 Grand Divisions, 1,505 Subordinate Divisions, ami 01,916 members were reported. The thirty-sixth Session was held in Cincinnati, June 15, 1880. Most Worthy Scribe reported 37 Grand Divisions, l,3'.'3Snl)or(linate Divisions, and 52,408 members. Evan. J. Morris, of Ohio, was elected Most Worthy Patriarch. The thirty -seventh Session was held at Saratoga, June 23, 1881. 30 Grand Divisions, 1,156 Subordinate Divisions, and 47,715 members were reported — the greatest declension ever attained. The thirty-eighth Session was held at Concord. N, H., July 12, 1882. TheMost Worthy Scribe reported 38 Grand DiviMuns. 1,149 Subordinate Divisions, and 49,732 members. Benjamin' K. Jewell, of Massachusetts, was elected Most Worthy Patriarch. The thirty-ninth Session was held iit Ocean Grove, X. J., July 11, 1883. The Most Worthy Scribe reported 38 Grand Divisions, 1,286 Subordinate Divisions and 55,880 members. At this the fortieth Session we have under our jurisdiction 88 Grand Divisions, about 1,400 Subordinate Divi8it>ns,and a mem- bership of 73,000, showing a gratifying increase the past year. It may be confidently claimed that the Order i^ one of the Institutions* which has con^e to stay. EARLY ACTIVE WORKERS GONE. Not a member of the three first Sessions now ocupies a seat in. this Tiody, and I am the only representative of the fourth Session* 10 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE which met in Philadelphia in 1847 present at this fortieth Session. Most of them have rested from their labors. It has been my good fortune to participate in the deliberations of twenty-two Sessions of the National Division. Bro. Thos. Chubhuck was initiated into this branch of the Order as a representative from Vermont (now of Maesachusetts) at the fifth Session held in Baltimore in 1848, and has attended twenty-four Sessions since. Bko. Saml. W. Hodges became a member at the special session in New York City in 1853, and has attended nearly all of its Sessions since. Eighteen years he officiated as Most Worthy Scribe. There are several others who have attended a large number of Sessions, but I have not had time to examine their record. NECROLOGY. Of the twenty-two who have occupied the highest office not one has died in office, and fourteen of the number still survive. Six have completed their labors and have passed to their reward, viz :— Danl. H. Sands in 1853, O'Neall in 1863, Condict in 1864, White in 1866. Bradford in 1878, and Foust in 1881. Two of the whole number lost their connection with the Order. John W. Oliver, one of the illustrious sixteen who stood over its .radle and was most zealous and active in the early days of the Order, and its fifth Most Worthy Patriarch, has dropped out of the Order, but has remained true to his pledge. Philip S. White, the second Most Worthy Patriarch, was a lawyer of great ability, and a brilliant orator. He had been quite intemperate. After he became a Son of Temperance he devoted much of his time, for several years, to its interests. He labored extensively through the South and West and in the British Provin- ces. As an oratori he had few equals, and by his persuasive eloquence he contributed largely to the increase of our member- ship. In an evil hour he yielded to temptation, and fell before the power of the destroyer. " Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall." Danl. H. Sands, Chairman of the sixteen, the first officer in every branch of our Order, was a plain man, a mechanic, unosten- tatious, retiring in his disposition, full of love for his fellow-men. He died in 1853, after seeing the Order he loved in successful operation. The Hon. John Belton O'Neall, the fifth Most Worthy Patriarch, had been for many years a conspicuous advocate of temperance in South Carolina, his native State. He was Chief Jus- tice of South Carolina when elected Most Worthy Patriarch, and had been for nearly thirty years, and continued in that high posi- tion until his death in 1863. He died full of years and of honors, in the darkest hour of the civil war. His demise was hastened by the calamity which befel his country which he loved so well. In his inaugural address, when installed as Most Worthy Patriarch, he used this language : " I love our common countrv. North as well as South of Mason and Dixon's line, and I trust the sun that now shines upon these United States as one people, and upon our neighbors, the British, as our friends, will never be darkened by disunion amongst us, or of enmity against them." ORDER OF THE SONS OF TEMPERANCE. 11 ' ' -vJ . Bros. Condict, Bradford, and FooST, who have gone hence, made brilliant records in their lives of usefulness, and their works follow them. Their virtues will be cherished, and when the record of the world's moral heroes is made up their names will be found therein. most worthy scrihe. This is the most important office in the Order. Much depends upon the faithfulness and efficiency of this officer. The National Division and the whole Order have been fortunate in havinp; the office ably filled, as is evidenced by the fact that only three persons have filled that chair in forty year?.. Bro. F. A. Fickardt, of Penn- sylvania, served sixteen years ; Bro. Sanil. W. Hodges, of Massa- chusetts, eighteen years ; and Bro; H. S. McCoUum, of Canada, the present incumbent, completes his fourth year at this Session. constitution and by laws. These have undergone great and radical changes, from time to time, with the exception of Art. 2, which contains the pledge of total abstinence. This has never been altered in a single word. BENEFITS. The beneficial feature of the Order was regarded by its founders as second only in importance to the pledge itself. N>»ne were admitted under eighteen years of age, and, as any member ivas liable to become a beneficiary, infirmity and old age were dis- qualifications. This beneficial feature, so prominent at first, soon became a source of embarrassment. Unworthy persons, who cared nothing for temperance, sought admission, with no other motive than to avail themselves of ica pecuniary advantages. Much of the time of the Divisions was taken up in discussing and settling claims upon its funds. The weekly dues required were found to be insufficient to meet the demands upon the treasuries. Many who had entered the Order on account of its supposed efficiency in pro- moting temperance, finding the time wholly occupied with monetary afifairs, became discouraged and disgusted, and dropped out of the Order. Those who had joined from selfish motives, when they found their treasuries bankrupt, lost their interest and disap- peared. In my annual message at the sixth Session (in 1849) I urged the abolishment of the beneficial system, and the leaving of the needy and unfortunate to be relieved by the generosity of Divisions. The receipts of the previous year had been nearly one million of dollars. This money had been largely squandered upon idlers and worthless men, who were a burden to the Order. I suggested that one third of that sum would have kept one hundred and fifty lecturers in the field at a salary of $1,000 each, and would have printed and circulated one hundred million pages of temperance tracts. At that Session the Constitution was so amended as to leave the whole subject of benefits to each Grand Division respec- tively. Thi^ finally resulted in a general abolishment of the system, and in a very large increase in membership for the succeed- ing two or three years. MEMBERSHIP. After the beneficial system was changed there was ft growing U2 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE disposition to enlarge the boundaries of membership, and admit younger persons and both sexes. The admission of women to the Order was agitated in the early years of its history. At the eleventh Session, held in St. John, It was determined to admit wonifn over sixteen years of age to Subordinate Divisions as visitors, by a two-third vote of the member!', at such times as may be deemed appropriate, upon being proposed, bal lotted for, and taking a prescribed pledge. They were not allowed lo vote or hold uflice. At the thirteenth Session, the age of sixteen w»-s stricken out and the words ''over fourteen" inserted. At the four- teenth Session, ladies were admitted to the National and Grand Divisions as visitors, provided they sustained the relations of either mother, wile, daughter or sister of a member present. The subject of admittnig women to full membership was discussed at almost every Session. A ritual for their admission as visitors was adopted, which provided for the ladies participating in the initiation of other ladies. So from time to time the relations of the ladies to the Order became more and more enlarged, until finally, at the twenty -second Session, the ladies were admitted to full membership, and equally entitled to share in its ofiices and honors. Lady visitors, however, are still admitted in some jurisdic- tion. COLORED MEMBERSHIP. The question of admitting persons of color to the Order was mooted quite early in our history. It was difficult to keep it out of any organization, either social, political or religious. In IS-ll an application was made to the Grand Division of New York Un- the formation ot a new Division to be composed ot colored persons It was made, not to promote the cause of temperance among poisons of color, but to force the question of social equality upon the Order. The granting of the charter was refused. The Grand Division of Ohio admitted a colored person into that body in 1849, lor the same object. A committee of the Grand Division of Ohio reported " that it was contrary to the original intention of the founders of our Order, socially wrong, to compel the whites to associate with the blacks, contrary to the higher interests of the Order, and at war with its harmony and prosperity." This report was adopted, and the decision was appealed from to the National Division. The Nationa' Division, by a vote of seventy-four to six, sustained the action of the Grand Division of Ohio. The subject was not intro- duced out of sympathy for the colored race, but to agitatt;. After the colored people were allowed to organize independently and to have our ritual, there was no longer much opportunity to agitate and disturb the harmony of the Order. We now have two Grand Divisions of colored members, and a large number of subordinate Divisions. Since the changed condi- tion of the colored race and their elevation to citizenship in the Republic, the prejudices against color are gradually disappearing, and the fact that they are politically equal and have the rights of citizens should influence us to be especially anxious to enlist them in the work of the Order. Most Divisions initiate them, recognizing, no distinction on account of color. Their Repi esentatives occupy aeats in several Grand Divisions, and in the National Division. u ( ORDER OF THE SONS OF TEMPERANCE. 13 The subject of degrees was discussed before the National Division was organized, and while the Grand Division of New York was acting as the "Grand Fountain Head/' but no action was taken. At the third Session, the brothers from Maryland urged the subject upon the consideration of the National Division. It was declared inexpedient to legislate upon the subject, or in any way interfere with the severe simplicity of the Order. At sulwe- quent Sessions it was discussed, and with the same result. So persistent and determined were the brethren of Maryland, that the Grand Division of that State in 1853, resolved that if the National Division did not authorize the establishment of degrees, that it would institute them in its jurisdiction. At the tenth annual Ses- sion, authoiity was given to the Grand Division of Maryland to institute three degrees, and submit them to the National Division at its next Session. At the eleventh Session, the degree ritual of Maryland was submitted, and after making some amendments, it was approved and permission given to each Grand Division to in- troduce them into its jurisdiction at, its option, and if so introduced that each Subordinate Division might use them if o voted. In many of the jurisdictions the degrees were introduced. At the thirteenth Session, Most Worthy Patriarch McHenry in hia annual message saiJ : " The instilutiun of degrees has not met with general favor, or at all answered the expectations of its friends," and that "even in Maryland the Order had lost half of its membership in the three years it had been using them." The degree ritual giadually fell mto disuse. A second edition was never printed, and in a few years the whole subject became a theme of the past. REGALIA AND RITUAL. • Tlie regalia and emblems of the Order remain the same as when first adopted, y The ritual first adopted by the Grand Division of New York, prepared by Mr. Nack, a deaf-and-dumb man, was nof. changed by the National Division. Its language and style were peculiar, with no pretentions to great literary merit. It, however, was a great favorite, and by its frequent repetition in the initiation of hundreds of thousands, the language becam*^ familiar to the active members, and the officers repeated their parts without cards or books. "When the excitement began to die out and the interest began to wane, it was thought a new ritual would infuse new life and give a new impetus to the onward march of the Order. At the seventh Session, held in Boston it w s resolved that the question of the desirableness of a new ritual be submitted to Grand Divisions. At the next session, held in Toronto, a majority of the Grand Divisions reported in favor of a new ritual. A commit- tee was appointed on new ritual, and a prize of S500 offered for the best new ritual, as determined by the committee. The committee reported at the ninth session : that no satisfac- tory one had been submitted. A prize of $1,000 was offered and Oliver, Gary and Eginton were appointed, with full authority to adopt any new ritual, or to select portions of those presented, and divide the prize equitably among the contesting autnors. ^j I 14 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE A number of works were presented to the committee. After a protracted session they determined to make selections from each and prepare portions themselves. They had a losv copies printed and distributed in the different jurisdictions for trial, pn J reported their action to the eleventh Session in ISoS. This ritual was, with great unanimity .adopted. Many Subor- dinate Divisions attached to the old ritual with which they had been so pleasantly familiar were dissatisfied, and at several sub.je- fjuent Sessions of the National Division efforts were made to restore the old ritual, or permit Divisions to use either. At the thirteenth Session the whole ritual question was referred to a committee consisting? of Bros. Fickardt, Gary and Eginton. to report at the next annual seasion. At the fourteenth Session, held in Providence, R. l.,the committee reported a revised and amended ceremonial of initiation, embracing parts ot both the old and the now, and this was unanimously adopted. Subsequently other changes and modi- fications were made, and so revised as to be more appropriate for the initiation of both sexes. TEMI'LE OF HONOR. From the inception of the Order to the present, those who have guided its destinies liave kept constantly in view the great purpose of its institution, viz : The advancement of the cause of Temperance. When the beneficial feature absorbed too much of the attention of the membershio, it was modified, then abolished. The . implicity, beauty, and impressiveness of its ceremonies have been jealously guarded. Efforts from time to time to establish degrees and captivate lovers of literary difiplay, have signally failed. It has however, kept pace with the progress of tlie age and the demands of the hour, as is evidenced by the enlargement of its borders so as to admit women to full membership and to participa- tion in its duties and honors. As early in our history as 184"), some good members of the Order conceived the idea of establishing a hieber and more advanced organization called the " Temple of Honor." None were eligible to membership but those who had been Sons of Temperance in good standing for one year. An elaborate ritual was adopted, remarkable for its ornate and classic language. Signs, grips and passwords were incorporated. It was designed as a select adjunct of the Order. For years the Templars sought the recognition of the National Division as an advanced branch of the Order. Intent upon preserving the Democratic principle, and recognizing every member as the equal of every other, all efforts to engraft the "Temple of Honor " upon the Order of the Sons of Temperance fail-i^d. When it wsis settled that it could not be annexed it became an indej)endent Order, and no longer demanded as a qualification for membersliip a year's probation as a Son of Temperance. It entered upon the work of proselyting, and in some instances so weakened the nunurical strength of Divisions that they were compelled to disband, and give place to this new candidate for popular favor. The era of its prosperity was brief, but long enougli to obliterate many Divisions of the Sons of Temperance. This Ordei is still in existence, but is small in numbers yet infiuential for good. ORDER OF THE SONS OF TEMPERANCE. 15- * flOOn TEMPLARS. Another out growth front) oar Order was the (rood Templar organization. Ma)'y proniineni Sons of Temperance were very active and energetic in their efforts to build up this new orgauiza- tion. They believed that it would re-enlist many who had grown cold in the cause of Temperance und had dropped out of the Order of the Sons. Naturally and necessarily there was a divided interest with those who belonged to both Orders. In many cases we«.k Divisions were swallowed up, and in some localities the twoorgnii- zations destroyed each other. Without impeaching the motives of the founders and supporters of the new ( )rder, and fully recognizing the great and good work accomplished by it, it is a gravo question whether its establishment was not a mistake. The Gran' I Lodge ot Good Templars was instituted in 1855. It is very certai.i that this new Order greatly reduced the number of Divisions and of mem- bers of our Order, and impaired its usefulness and efliciency. Having the same great philanthropic object in view, if the older Order was deficient in its methods or plans they could have been easily remedied or supplied. It is true that the field is large enough, and the work to be done is of sufficient magnitude, to employ a hundred more of such agencies, yet it may be doubted whether a solid column under a single leadership would not be more effective than a guerilla warfare with divided counsel. Whether well or ill advised, we must accept the situation, gird on our armor nnew, and move steadily forward until our purpose is accomplished — ' a sober world." We need not care by what agencies the end is accomplished, and we only allude to the (Jood Templar organiza- tion as one of the causes of our diminished numbers. ADVENTITIOUS AID. With the view of rendering the membership in the Order ♦more stable, and extending its usefulness, pronainent members procured a charter \n 187l>, and organized " The Sons of Temp- rance Mutual Kelief Society," with an office in W'ashington City. The object was and is to insure the lives of members of the Order, who remain true to the pledge, upon a basis similar to organizations related to Masons, Oddfellows, Knights of Honor, etc. While the National Division fully sympathizes with this movement, and has given its approval by recommending it to the favorable consideration of the membership, it has not in any way become respon.dble for its management. . » CAUSES OF DKCLINE. It has been the experience of all associations of men having for their object the elevation of society, to have periods of success and of decline, it will not be pretended that our organization is perfect, or that its methods have nlways been wise, but it is claimed that its deficiences and mistakes may be supplied and corrected. We have already alluded incidentally to some of the causes which have crippled our usefulness and retarded our progress. They may be briefly summarized as follows : 1st. The vice against which our Order proclaimed an insur- rection had been for ages entrenched in the habits and customs of the people, and fostered, cherished and protected in both Church and State. 2nd. Some good and earnest temperance workers had their -■*;■,'►•■ 16 HISTORi ,AL SKETCH OF TUB conscientious scruples against secret societies, and would not be- come members of the Order 3rd. Its too rapid growth in its early year.i ; all ranks a.id pro- fessions poured their contributions into our Divuion rooms, and many unworthy membenj necessarily found their way in. 4th. The beneficial feature of tho Order increased its members at first, but impaired its efficiency, and subsequently depleted its membership. 5th. The introduction of rival organizations, dividing our in- fluence pnd weakening our strength. 6th. The introduction of the question whether colored men should be admitted to inemb«irship, gave rise to bitter discussion, engendeied bad feelings, and produced alienation. 7th. The neglect of Divisions in their days of prosperity and full treasuries to provide their own permanent places of meeting and the establiahmeht of libraries. Often-times they rented rooms and fitted them at large expense — rooms which their depleted treasuries compelled them to relinquish. 8th. Ttie Civil war between the North and the South opened afresh the Hood-gates of intemperance and immorality all over the Republic. It brought brothers face to face in deadly conflict, and literally wiped out the Order in the country desolated by hostile armies. 9th. The absorbing interest among members of the Order to secure legislation against the liquor traffic made many desert their Division rooms, and give their whole time and energies to the subject of prohibition. The large majority of our mem^'ership are warmly in favor of prohibitory laws, but to be for or against license or prohibition has never been made a test of membership. THE FUTURE. None of these hinf^rP'^^*^ are ingurmountable inherent in the Order itsel f. And th ere are n<^ good ro.ason g wb y we 8hO Uld"have ou r COntiJence in nU.jpfiat.ft anpppga iKi;>aJff»nftH ^ft Christian religion, wnictijembracefiTiii its scop e the intert^ata of this and'a iuto rejife. hMl5een_gT6w an d fitful in its progress . After nearly nineteen "ceiilunes 6T struggle and sacrifice the Sun of Righteousness only gilds a few hill tops, while all around and beneath are darkness and gloom. I n all the terjrible conflicts with evil a . few niuBt bear the brunt ,oC, the battle. These are the worlds moral heroes, arid they riiust Wait patiently for their reward. Forty years have passed since this branch of our Order was organized. It has established itself as a power for good not only in the United States and British Provinces, but Subordinate, Grand and National Divisions exist in Great Britian and Australia. Without any, p.hflngr g in for m or in s ubstance, our Order i^ ^f^apt^rl in py^jy condition of soci ety and ever y fnTi^nfj^j\]jrf^vtivnrni^nt. -Wherever tEe^ 6ur8g_o]rmtemperance e xists, there T He rd.e£ -Of _Uie- j^pns 0^ Tempfiraace ah'nni d be welco med and established as a saving power. T his Institution began in fee bleness, an d, thus far susta ined amidfit-prejudice And i^>po3itidHri^j^~lTop5^ffiaj_J3ic0mfi_likfiIllio Banyan tree of India. Springing oiUJaia.aoiI^tAl-JM»4i€li£a'!,a^ take r oot, and under its shade the kindred ofjbhe^ arth ma j jne^ose. f^ ^y i* i «E^- .1 \ ■ :,■