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Traces of the Ordovican System ON THE ATLANTIC COAST AND Organic Remains of Little River Group, No. IV. BY G. F. MATTHEW, D. Sc. FOR SALE BY JOHN DURIE & SON, OTTAWA; THE COPP-CLARK CO., TORONTO BERNARD QUARITCH, LONDON, ENGLAND — J J MMmiM w^sm HHHHl HH Section IV., 1805. [283 ] Trans. R. S. C. ^lU. — Traces of the Ordovician System on (he Atlantic Const. By 0. v. Matthew, D.So. (Hfiwl May 25, 18(W.) In the oarly hi.tory of tho geology of the n.a.iti.n.. j.n.vinecs of ( »..n.la he ch.tnuf on botweei. tho clirterent grand divisions ol' tho I'lihoo- ZOIC rocks was not very ek'iiily drawn. This aiose partly" fro.n tho fact that tiu" ouHior geolo^.ists accuracy in the several divisions of the l-ahoo/oR. r..cks has also arisen from the scarceness of well proerved iomh, whereby these divisions a,.d their several parts could be distin- guished Iroiu each other. Latterly, and by slow degrees, group after group of the older Paheo- zoic nx-ks have been recognized, and the earlier cla-^siHcation improved J Rep. Prog. Geo). Surv, Can., 188.5, Rep. G, p. 25. 2B4 ROYAI, SOCIETY OF CANADA this locality, on the lino of Ntrikc of ihcw «liito8, in tlit" utatc of Mainu, gniptolitoH of tho ago of tho Llamloilo rocks were 8ul)Moquoiitly found, Nliowing tho cxtonnion of a band of Ordovician Hiatos Houthwont into tho Htato of Maino. Suiiscfiucntly tho nainr hand was tniood eastward throujfh NfW l{niiis\viok to llio Maio Chalour. Thus was ostuliiishod tho oxistonc'o of u holt of Ordovician rotka crossing northern Maino and Now Brunswick, soutliward of the belt of Silurian (Upper) rocks discovered by (resnor. ()r(h)vician strata wore next discovered in southern Now Brunswick at St. Jolin. whoro there are bods with Aronig grai)tolites infolded with the Cambrian rocks of that place. As those beds with graptolites are an integral portion of the upper division of the St. John Canihrian terrain, it is evident that there is here u second belt of Oidovician rocks in New Brunswick. But though we luivo been able to iccognizo two bands of these rocks in the province above named, no Ordovician strata have yet been de- termined in Xova Scotia. It is true that Dr. Jloneynum had cliiinied that the fossils of Wentworth Station were Lower Silurian, ))ut this view was contested by Mr. Billings, who could find hero nothing older than tho (-Union (J roup. On examining the fossils sent me by Mr. Howley from Newfound- land, and i-eforring to notes made some years ago on others collected in Oape Breton by the oftlcers of the (ieological Survey of Canada, it be- came evident to mo that still another belt of these rocks existed along the Atlantic coast. This bolt has remained unrecognized owing to the scarcity, and, in many cases, the bad condition of tho fossils. The fossils more recent than the (Cambrian in southea.st Newfound- land, are those of (Ireat Bell and Kelly's Islands in Conception Bay. Mr. Billings described some of those many years ago, but he left unde- termined the genera of his species which I describe below. Under modern methods of determining genera, it becomes necessary tc know something of the interiors of the BrachioiJods, and as these are not described nor figured by Billings for the species in question, 1 sought from Mr. Ilowley an opportunity to examine those in the museum at St. John's, and from Mr. Whiteaves, those at Ottawa. Tho declared age of the rocks containing these fossils has been governed by that of the adjoining and very characteristic Cambrian faunas (in Newfoundland, Lower Cambrian, in Cape Breton, Upper) and so the indications of these rare and obscure genera of PaUoozoic type later than the Cambrian, has been overlooked. In Newfoundland, the Ordo- vician or Silurian rocks are, in Kelly's Island, gray micaceous sandstones, and in (rreat Bell Island, pale gray, white-weathenng, coarser sandstones, dipping at a low angle ; while the Cambrian rocks of the mainland ad- joining are shales with limestone beds and dip at a higher angle. t' ol' Maine, Jiitly founil, est into the d ouHtward iililisht'd tlio no and Now iliscovurod Hrunswick foldod with iliteH II ro an ■ian terrain, c'Us in Now those rooks ot boon do- lad olaiuied lit this view f older than Newfound- •oliected in nada. it ho- isted along 'ing to the Newfound - ption Bay. left unde- der modern something ioribed noi- Ir. Ilowley , and from s has been Cambrian Jppor) and type later the Ordo- sandstones, sandstones, iinland ad- le. [MAiniKw j OKOOVICIAN SYSTEM ON TIIK ATLANTIC COAST 2B6 In the Island nt Capo Breton the mckn of the ^horo of Mras d'Or Lake, iioar HarroH.us ilr„uU. eonslHt of vnti..n> aller..ulin„s of Han-lstoneH Hlates and Hhalon.' Homo of the .hales, away Iro.u Iho- shore, on tlui HarroHoiM or MoLood Mrook. contain Ihctyonema flabelliforme, an.! are tl.erel,.n. I ppn- ( 'amhrian. The eoarser hods on the shore of Hras d'( )r Lake wh.eh .ontaiM the fossils .h.s.ri bed below are mor.' mo.iern, as will appear by the following review of their fossil contents. Im the follosving description tiie fos.Hi|s are arranged according to thcii" zoological standing. M\4J1MI».1<:. LINliULKLLA, Salter. In theeo||oetions.>.vcaminod there are two species that rtniv be referred to the above genus, altlmugh the inii-ressions of the sliding" nius.les are more external than Mr. Salter has declared to be the cas«. in the Welsh species, L. Davish. the type of the genus. The Cana.lian species were collected in Cape Breton and occur in u calcareous sandstone which has sutferod from dynamical movements, and the fossils are all con.siderably distorted : the Hgures of the species are adjusted for this distortion. Li.NOi.LEr.LA Selwyni, n. sp„ i'l. 1., l-'igs. la an.) b. The form is sub-ovate, broadly rounded in front, but having nearly straight sides in the posterior half ; the beak of the ventral valve^is rem- hirly pointed and that of the donsal bluntly rounded. * The ventral valve in its interior, exhibits two largo, triangular .scars whore the central muscles wore attached, one on each side of the rhombic- pit in the posterior third of the valve. The postenor adductors appear on each side of the hinge area, and there are sliding muscles exterior to and in f, out of them. In front of the posterior adductor muscle, on each side of the valvo, then« is a low ridge oxten.Ung forward as far as the scars of the central mi» 1 ,: at and in f.onl of these ridges the imprint of the mam vascular trunks is visible, extending forward toward the median hne. The interior of the dorsal valve has a broad scar (posterior adductor ?) just in front of the striated hinge area, and on each side of the hinge are impressions of sliding muscles. The central muscles are indicated by a group of small pits near the centre of the valvo; of those the anterior adductors are oval and somewhat apart at the mid-length of the valvo • the anterior adju.stor8 are indicated by a pair of smalf rounder pits, a httle in advance of those last named and closer together. A faint line (indicating the border of the sp lanchn occele ?) incl udes these scars and ' Geo). Surv. Can. Rep. Pre g , 1875-6 (Fletcher's Report), p. 389. ~^ fiee HOYAL HOCIETY OF CANADA niiiN hiKk lowani llu- poHd-rior pail of tlie vulvo. Kxteiuliiii^ fonvftrd from noar tl anlinal aiva on ,-acli si.lo aro tlir latoral n(I^.M an.l tlir irnpiiiil oCllif varHcular tniiiUs. as in the voiitnil valv.., hm |„.,v „iorr •liKtiiKt aixi U-arinK a luimlwr of hraiiclu-rt dirootixl, somo iiuvar-l and Monif outward. .SVM//;^/re.— TIm' .•xfcnial ^*nr»act' of il,,- valve of tl.i.sHpf(,ioH Ih marked l.y Hnc fonwiitru- lines, ami faintor radiatin/^ iim-s; (here gr aUo at interval .•onirnlrie growth lines, ami lesH dlHtinct undulati(mM of the Hhcil. railiafin;; fnun the umbo. S/^6'.— Dorsal valve. I.en^'th and Invadth, each alM.nl 11 mm. The ventral valve is about 1 ;') mm. lon^^er. Lora[ih,.-yU-hWs Point, (Juorgo i{iver, Cape Hreton, eolleote,! by Measi-H. Weston and Robert, of th.' ( 'anadian (Jeologjcal Survey. 'I'be plan of the museular n.-ars of this spe.ies i.s very n.-arly that of Oholm quemtedti ..f A. .Mielnvil/.. fmnd in lO^thonia, ffu.ssia,' ami as we t.nd a Hhell in the Lower Cambria., of the St. .Job., (l.-oup whieh poH.seHs..s all the essential < ba.-aete.-s of an Obol.iH, but ditloi-n from this Hhell we lully ug.r,. with MeHH,-s. Hall a.id ("la.-ke. that 0. (Mnstedti voxM. with propriety, be exel.ided fnnn Obolus; whether it should -o into Lingulella w.ll be bettor k.iown whe.i the internal features of tbe»pedes L. Davisii, the tyjx! of that geT.ns aic more fully dese.jbed. LlNOtJLELLA iioBKiiTl. ... sp., p|. |., Kij^s. 2a and h. Bi-oadly ovale, the vent. -a! valve acuminate, bavi.ig a low mesian .'.dge in th,. po.sterior third, and «lightly upturned at the beak. The dorsal valve tum.d poste.-ioi-ly. with a narrow hinge-ma,-gin, the valve has a mesian g.-ove in the posten,.r quartei-. and is Matl<-ned towa.-d the front In the ventral valve the i.mer su.faee ot the thickened posterior part of the valve carries two pairs of ,liverging ridgi^, the inner pair termin- ating at the scars of the anterior adductors, the outer i.air of about equal length but continuous with impressions of the curving vascular trunks. The dorsal valve al.so has in its interior four diverging ridges ; with- in the two outer ones at the back of the shell is the impression of the ])Osterior adductor muscle ; and within the two inner ones, one-third from their ends, are the oval pits of the anterior adductors ; between these scai-8, and extending backward in the valve, is a faintly marked mesian ridge, placed about one-third from the posterior end of the valve The pitsoftheantei-ior adductors diverge somewhat at their anterior ends and a short distance in f.-ont of them are two small, round pits near to- gether, which mark the points of attachment of the anterior adjustors. Sculpture.— Thin consists of irregular concentric stria; which inoscu- late with one another, producing a surface of broken ridgelets, si mi lar to ' Genera of Palii'ozoic Brachiopods, Hall and Clark.-, p. ;«7, flgs. 3« and »). xtoiuiiiiir tunviinl ■al ri(|jr»w ami t lie «'. 1)111 Ik'it iiKin OHSCH8«'S m tliis HJiell, we ite' loun,..| n... for ,..>nipari«on VMth the LinguleUas ot the Or.lovician .,f the Atlantic coast, examples of a J.ing.,l.,i.l shell fn.m M.,verly, Ontario. Some of thes,- shells show the .nterior surface of the valve, and are .lescribe.l an.l ligur,..! t., show the .l.stmelness between the genera Lingul..|la and JJngulepis in the position ol th.. muscular imprints, etc. LINGULEIMS, ilall. LiNoiLKi'is ACUMINATA, Coura.l. I'l. II.. H^rs. 5.J and b. Lingula acuminata was originally descrilK.,| by T. A Com-id from specimens found in bouldi^rs from the ..aiciferous .san.l r.,ck ' <,f the State of Xew York The specimens, however, are very much smaller than the !T.,lf ""' ""'"'"^ ^" (li'^ribe, and .liffer considerably in form • 8 Hi Mr. Walott appeal.^ to recognize Conrad'H si-'cies as i.lenti. -il with the species from the Upper Cambrian near Saratoga, .les.ribed bv him 8ome e.xaraple8 of which are represented as attaining th,. ^ixe of thJ Canadian form; and further he compares the .S ratoga form with L pimuform,s, which evidently is congeneric with the ( "ana.lian form The western species, however, is more prolonged at the beak than the ex- amples of L. ^ttenmta Hgui-ed by Dr. HalL or than those of the ( "anadian lorra. It is chiefly the internal characters of the ( 'anadian shell that will be descnbed : The ventral valve appears to have no area, but ^hiishes with a rim Bimilar to that of other parts of the shell. Near the umbo there is a narrow extension of the visceral callus upon which is a small scar of the eardinal muscle. Extending forward on each side of the narrow part of the callus are bands along which the later al muscles travelled during the ' PalH>ontology of New York, vol. i., p. U, !!«. at bottom of the page. Sec. IV., 1895. 17. 2B8 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA growth of the shell : they are three in number, and perhaps are only the outer laterals, for on the inner band (transmedians ?) no scars have been detected. The central muscles (anterior adductors, etc.) rest on a quadrangular shield, considerably in advance of the laterals : each set is included in a somewhat pear-shaped area, which has an elliptical scar in front, and a deep, narrow scar on the inner side. The front of the visceral' cavity p; jbably is indicated by an isolated scar hal f way between the central scars and the anterior margin. The vascular trunks on this valve have not been observed. The dorsal valve is obovate and has broad, flat, lateral margins, that were partly external to the edges of the ventral valve.' A visceral callus of the shell at a young stage shows lobed divisions, produced by the advance of the central and lateral muscles as in Lingulepis pinna;formis : outside of these we see the lines of progression of the same muscles over a shell surface from which the visceral callus has been exfoliated ; on this surface are jxhibited the imprints of the central (anterior adductor) and interior lateral (transmedian ?) musolos : the position of the anterior adjustors is indicated at the point of the impression of the visceral callus in front of the centrals. The vascular trunks sweep fo.rward from the sides of the shell, with a slight curve toward the front, and are separated by a space marked with vascular lines ; no branches were observed. The anterior parts of both valves are abundantly marked by the fimbriated edges of the mantle margin. Sculpture.— Externally the valves of this species appear to be smooth, except for the numerous concentric raised lines of growth ; these are particularly numerous on the convex posterior portion of the ventral valve. A lens of half-inch focus exhibits a minutely cancellated surface on the lateral slopes of the valves. Size.— Length of ventral valve, 18 mm. ; width, 14 mm. The dorsal is 2 or 2 J mm. shorter. Horizon and Locality.— Pale brown sandstone from Beverly, Ont. This speiues exhibits affinities to Lingula rather than Lingulella ; as witness the absence of an area on the ventral valve, and the transverse position of the anterior adductor muscles of the dorsal valve. Among species whose interiors have been figured, that of Lingulepis pinmeformis, Hall, closely resembles that of the Beverly form. The course of the vascular trunks and the attitude of the muscu- lar scars of the central group easily distinguish this genus from Lingu- r".a. I The features of this valve are described from several diflferent specimens no sinsle valve having been found in which all were visible. -4 DA ind perhaps are only the ms ?) no scars have been ) rest on a quadrangular each set is included in a cal scar in front, and a t of the visceral cavity between the central scars on this valve have not lat, lateral margins, that i^alve." A visceral callus sions, produced by the Lingulepis pinnasformis : f the same muscles over been exfoliated ; on this i-al (anterior adductor) ; position of the anterior on of the visceral callus ?eep fo.rward from the front, and are separated lies were observed, idantly marked by the iies appear to be smooth, 1 of growth ; these are portion of the ventral ely cancellated surface th, 14 mm. The dorsal ne from Beverly, Ont. ler than Lingulella ; as Ive, and the transverse * dorsal valve. Among Lingulepis pinnieformis, attitude of the muscu- his genus from Lingu- al different specimens, no tMAPTHBw] ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM ON THE ATLANTIC COAST 259 LlNGtTLA, Bruguiere. ' LiNGULA HowLKvi, n. sp., PI. I„ Figg, 3a and b. pecult:2p^^ ^"'' '-''' "-' '' '''■ ^^-'^y ^- « '-^- ^'".-1^^ Of (I eneral form quadrate, with obtu.se cardinal slopes, apical angleabout 105 S^des nearly parallel, spreading .slightly toward the front anterior angles obtusely x^unded, and having the front, for half its length,;^^ Ihe su.-face of the valves for nearly one-quarter of their wiSth on each side, IS flattened— concave. ' descemll Ittur fifll! f " ' "^^f '*'""'^' '''^' ''"'^''^ *^« -'^dle, which descends at four-fifths fmm the front of the valve, somewhat abru ,tly to the front edge ; the lateral thirds are concave, especially toward thl be;k bTutttrdT"^^^ ''''' -'- -' ^-^own^orinvolute?;e'x Some features of the interior appear on the abraded surface of the ttLT'rt ,^: '^'T' '^-^^"^-^^ -^^- «P-d from the umb fro" of J r f K*'"' ""'^ '^'"-" "^«'-« *^- halfway to the f.on of the valve, and about one-eighth of the width of the valve from its edge About m.dway of the valve a rhombic area is outlined at tl^ Zll " ' '" "^' ''''' "^"'^ '^ *^^ P^^«^ «^ *h« anterior adductor The dorcal valve has the same outline as the ventral, but the edges of hen tT'b T T.' ""'?' '^'™"^' ^ ^^^^""«^ «« '"^^ -t-de o^f the hell at ts back^ The raised central part of the valve is wider in front than that part of the ventral valve. of tlf "" ''^?'^"^ 'T^'" ""^ '^'' ^"^^' ^^''^^ ''"I'^^^^^t traces of the pit« o'thn: o^rL^rx;" " ''- '^^-^' — ^' -^ - ^--- Smtpture.~Oaly small fmgmenu of the outer surface of the shell have been preserved ; these show that the surf.eo was ornamented wi h ap, Z to T :•, "'""'I ""«" ' »"" "»="=■• » ='-"« '"- «■« -f- appears to be mmuteiy granular. 'Sj^e.— Length, 35 mm. ; width, 22 mm. Bnv^^''''f^"~,f "?'""' ^'™^ sandstones of Kelly's Island, Conception Bay, Newfoundland, m company with Lingula Billingsiana, Whiteaves. This shell changed Its form -onsiderably during growth. When it attained the s,.e of 8x11 mm, it was of a regular oval form, hke L. ««.6.« and several others of its genus, but then began to grow quad- i . w three-quarte.^ of its full length it was more rectangular than matSr ""'' '""''""'"^ *' ^'"^ "'''' '^"'''™'' ""*" •* '''''^'^ We know of no Cambrian Lingula to which this Newfoundland 260 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA I »pecu,8. ^. quebecensis, another lamo snecies of thn n...k group (Arenig horizon), is reffularlvovnl 4^ ■ t l- ^''^^'' form appears to be nearer onr «n ■ 7k 'P''''' ""^''''^ '" '*« S«"^'^a' This islind to beire?hat IXrrh ;; '"^^'r " ^^ ^^"''■^"' ««- ' it has similar obtuse elteZ^^^^^ ^^owfouncnand species, but indications .Hvon Z L ffnZ ■ Pf'^''""^^'''^^- ^^ollowing the biological not be olde.nh:u/;ie 0.^:^^^^;^^^^^^^^ ^^^f „'* ^ ^-nd L- fbr there is no spfecies thu n o. ^ ^"* '*'« l^^'^^ably even younger, Lingula than L. Le^ tl Z T'^ ""'"^''^■^ '''' ^^'^^ I«'^nd and upper par of the' li Winn T^^ '" ^^e middle resomwlng i^ ies L^J.^^^^T^'^ l"" *'^ ^''' ^^ ^^"^'^-d. This variation 1 a quad -^t t-m Id " ""^T' '!'" "^''^ ^^^'^''^'^^ ^^^ English shell. ' ""^ ^' P''*^P« ^""3' «« "modern as the This species is named in honour of T P tt^ i (Zoological Survey of Xewfoundland ' ^''"^''^' '"'^^*'^^ «^ ^^^^ 'rRIMEKEI.I,lB^. Among the Brachiopods received from Mr TTn,„i. thick shelled s.iecies eKamnlP« nf ^ J^u ^^^ '''^'■'' '«'»« '^'»-ge by E. Billings'and Vh^^h ?W auth"" . . " "'''' ''' '^^^^ '^^^-''^^^ referred to Linfrulela' Th ' 7 "^ l"'«^i«'«»^"y. but doubtfully, species of Ling"de la "nd Ih- T "'^""Z"' '''^'^"- ^^'^^ ^^« ^^--« the umbo and'othe^r; at^ apprtT rT '"''If"' ^'"'"^^^"^ '° but it does not seem possible ^X thl ^ll^^^^^r ""» ' WNGULOBOLUS, o. gen. NADA : 8ize is unpurallelled among he Ordovician time do we ever, agree witii L. Howleyi h less rectangular, and its 3 found in the middle and rovinces of Russia appeare quivalent to the Llandeilo Ison K. beds in Anticosti is I wider, and has a cancel- )f northern Newfoundland t it is longer and narrower go species of the Quebec jpecies which in its general other is L. Lewisii, Sow.' ewfoundland species, but Following the biological n which it is found can- is probably even younger, mbles the Kelly's Island 38 is found in the middle i west of England. This even more strongly the fully as modern as the Howley, director of the lowley were some large 'hich had been described sionally, but doubtfully, bicker than the known s, incipient partitions in em to the Trimerellidas ; described genus. is thickened around the >f successive plates, bat ' the thickened part of ege, N. Y. , for copies of Mr. fHATTHKw] ORDOVrCIAN SYSTEM ON THE ATLANTIC COAST the shell. 261 -ptum. aC Jim t ?oTo''' ''"'r'' ""' ''''''' '« " "-^•- P'«te or within the del idiaU \ nd .""7 ^'" """"' ''^' '"""'^ ''' '''' «'-" arrangement ^'2^2^^'^:^^''' ^7' '^'''''- ^^'^^ Lingulella, of the laterals like Tr^e'^^^^ '"" 7'\'« '"^^ 'hat of position of those of Lingula T^Tno ation \ '"T"' *'""^'' ''""^" ''>^' of this and of the foil o wSg specie! is ' t of" D "T '""?"^' '''' ^"'^^ Trimerellida- The tvne of f hi f I>avuls,m and King for the Ihe tjpe of the genus is Lingulella (?) affinis, Hillings. LmauLOBoiars afflvis, Bill., sp., pj. x.^ ^^-^^ ^^ ^^^, ^ Linoulella (.) aM.is, BUUn.s, Pai.o.. Fossils. vo>. ii., pt. i., p. „. ,,. ,,. Mr. Bilhngss description of this species is as follows • angi::^^^^.riS:C,n;ll^ Apical the^idth of a ine T i sllsTf " 'T^^*"'""' ^*™^' ^'^-^^ *«" - ventral valve above %ured X . T *'" ""^'^ •^P^^""^" ^' " in the middle, leavW o„K the outr' ''' 7""""'' '^ '"''''''' ^'^^ ^^^^ been, when perfect ^gen I Iv^^^T^ '" ''*^ ^*""" ^* ^'l^^^^^'^ 'o have «emi-cyiindrical. Ln^th 'about 1' . T*'"' P"'"" "^^^^ '^e beak, dorsal valve has not bet identided'"" "^ "^'^' "'"^ ""^^^ T''^' Among the sijecimens from (rreat R^ii loi j Howley are some examples of a L^T Lf wlit'thou^lT ifrr" ''"• proportions from Billings's figure of Z ? nJ xx , ^ ''**'''^ '" '^^ . for while he speaks of' f h« ? , ^^"'^' ^ ''^''^^'*^ t*^ "^^ *!»« species, drawn, 55=. Se "^ sn cimT "f ' ^ '""^ ''°^ '* ^^ -^'.ally a internal markingro^tirhTs^nTet^^^^^ '^' ^^ ^^^ that whether this shell is or i. no L fL f'^'^^ ^^' ^'' '" ^^^" «''«^"' These internal markings are as follts .'^'"'' " ""''^^ of description. n.a:^ :ttr :?r n:;:r r ir •: ^^ ^^ t^^- ^-^ ^^ ^'- ^« *^^^ pair of lateral muscles ■ TL scars hf '• '' *^' "''^' ^^^^'^ «^ ^ '«-«« tend forward to a po nttXLr;t\P""V'' ^"*'"'^'' '"''«' ^"^' ^^- hinge-line; in front'of the e 1- i at ."^ T' ^'^ ^''^" ^'•'^^ '^^ (muscle sea. .) extending half wa^ hf i;! „t"o? l'" "^ 'T'^'^^^^^" on each side of the valv^ the anteLr end of t ' 'J'^'''^"''"^ muscles form a group of scars Lf b 1. 7., '"'''""'• ^^^ ^^^^'''^l are two large Tateii'lr: ■'; up " 'h- distant from the laterals as thes! a Vom ^^ oTh " "'""„''""* '' gi-oup is resolvable into four little scars h! T ' '"" ''"*™' and parallel , the two anterior ap^lie^ t^e^^^r^^lir A 262 s • ROYAL SOCIETY OF CN^B^ P«'rofn,i„„fer«.,f ^"^^'^-'^ OF CANADA the valve ami « ,""«»- about six branr.K. **ng'ing n^vui-d • f ""'"erou« erenulatiol o r '"'^^'' «^ ^'^^ outer 'f^'"'' ^^« «dges ^ The ventra] valve is '"'"''r '^''-^ed out. ^ -d '*'' ''' '''^^<^dhy «wpJe8 has a wido / 1 , '"'' elongated than th «Pe^v „,a,-k8 the poItirV't '^'^' ^'«'^'e oxtendt '^""'^^"^ «^« ;hree s,„all oval scars eonsH;!'™'' ^'"^ ^* *>•« o.^rto ''^ ^' *^« t""' Platfo™. Tt, ™;s Of the v„,ve, „,. ™' ""^ o„ each aWe „f .Jf^ ^«ongtheer. , ' ■'•' *'&«■ 4c and rf. ventral valve whTlT'^ ^" *^« ^"«eu,n at Ot. scopes and is more u^ , ^* ^^ '» deeper sfiAii , *^^ ^o^m and th. ;Wch .he ^eThl' r/:'"/" ™"™ a« ^h ' L™" T'^ "'™o"°t« sides off I, '""«ele-scarof fj,- ^^**' »* th^ left dof M ' P'^"'^«-Platform aroh ^'""^ ^'««no, ,, double scare and tb/^. «»tvvard, thelar^. " "-"'^ • rhe *^^« typical form! A dfsHn : ^'" ''^'^'^^^ morl'S?^';?'-*^ "muscles have 'n Lzngula. Th^ ^'«tinct parietal band v, decidedly shown tbnn 3A ^o»t haJf miv K.. ,enfr«i -^ between entraj group. I')' ^«^«ra] seai^, ft,. \"^J">g inwuixl • from -^-are.?rL7C ;;«;Und in ,on,e ex- ,« the deJtidial area two-fifth«fron.the ^h« back of the tri- •^'^••"er is a group of «"Poftheci.escent ''^"PofnauscJosU- '"^^Kandoneacr the vascular lines ?f*^;«0 are about hf Mr. BUlings ach side of this a 'I ^^ the p.'seudo- * a parietal band »d in which the *f<'«8m Davidson ' example of a form and the abrupt lateral a mould from 'e oxa deltidial >8 undivided, '■« small : the niuscles have hownthanin ™''ar to that "^ fun groivn this species 'hell of the that genus; [MATTHBw] ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM ON THE ATLANTIC COAST 263 thj^re isan incipient calcification and thickening ,f tin- cdgos and a median scribfrw Rn'r^^Vyf"'' ^^•"""^"tation of longitudinal stria^ is as de- scribed by B hngs, but transverse growth lines also are present, and give the surface of the sliell a cancellated appearance. ^ ^«^e.-In Ihe specimens sent from Newfoundland the length is as given by Mr. Billings, but the width is greater. Length of thf ventral va^e 27 mm., w.dth 25 mm. The dorsal valve is aboift 3 mm shorte An example ot the ventral valve in the nxuseum at Ottawa has a length dLen« "■ ' *; r^'' "' ''• ^^^^'^ approximately 3 mm.' These dimensions exceed those of any Lingulella known to me, but are such as would be looked fur in shells of the Trimerellidiu Island 7 w;;;-^^',/'^ ''f ' ^^"t^erlng sandstones of Great Bell island, Conception Bay, Newfoundland bilunan (Upper) m Ontario, Sweden, etc. S.PHJ3R0B0LUS, n. gen. (provisional.) RilHn^^'' ""I'^A'"'^' T"^^" '' '^ ^'^^^^"* ^™'« the preceding (if Mr. the ventr .' T'^T "T ''''"^*'^ '"*"'P^^^^ ^^^^l-^ ^efcribed as Icid r ^"A f '"'"'' respectively of this species) that it must be Wks and th T ^T"-. "^'^ ""^"^"^^ distinctness of the vascular P^ttn of f^r r7 " '" ''' '"PP^^^^ ^'^°*^^^ ^"'^^«' the advanced • Z vl« r ''" f ""^ '^ ™""^'^^ ^'^ ^'^''^ ^^^'^'«' «°d the rarity of o wle thert^f ' T "' "''^""^'' ^^^^ ^"'^^ «^-« '^'^'^ht to i.main as Sr B mnl IT ' T*'"'- ^"' '' '' ^"^^^"tly the valve which itht ft ^ 'T? '"^ '''' ''"*^'''* "' ^'^^^ «P^«*«'^- -Regarded in thi. light the genus finds us nearest relative in Dinobolus of Dr. Hall, which has valves of similar form; the resemblance to the Newfoundland ZZ:Z^r'' ^" ''' '-'--' ^"^ '^ '-- -' ^" ^^« P'-^-m at a^nelitM^f '"'k T^' 'l*^^' ^''™' '^^^^'^^^^ '" ^he dorsal valve, appeax-s to have had spaces between the layers (now filled by a powden^ mhceous deposit) that compare with the cavities in the umbones Yf Pnmerella and other brachiopods ; bnt we do not observe any vault or excavation beneath the thickened visceral part Of the valves. The type of the genus is LingukUa (?) spisaa, Bill. Sph^^robolus spissus, pi. I., Figs. ba-c. Lingulella ? spLssa, Billings, Paheoz. Fossils, vol. li., pt. i., p. ee, flg«. ;«a to c. Mr. Billings's description of this species is as follows • "Shell subpentagonal or subovate, length and width about equal Hometimes strongly ventrico se. Dorsal valve with th e front margin » Measurements by Dr. Ami of the Geological Survey. .j 264 'Sometimes ulmosf u,.'^f^^- This valve L''''^"«*'«ngJo which "^^"P^'J- elevate i'TT""''^"^"'' ^'^« out Le on^'"":'^"-^' ^er, ^onv , ««'o»r. Surface with ' ""'^ ''"•n'^times when ir '"^'«*'-"^t"re,dark Ti'« mould of the ,• . ■ """^ ^^«*"r«« The central «ears as •!" 1 * '"'^^^«:^' of its lenttK ''"' ' ^^^^^in the «f *he,se the laferaul ^ "^ ^'' '" fro"t of th? .. " * '^'"^'^ ^^'^J scar ^•«^-e ; the cemru : '' "'' ^'i^^di.tant /oL f, "i;"'"^'^ ^^ ^^^ va ve . ^-^euJar trunks eZoT/ '" '"^ *^^ '"«dian line off'' '''"^'*^^^' -iddle aln.o.st to theVront" '"'"'^ «" ^-^ side of th ^"'^"• bmnche. fc„,„ in^dT''"^^''' ^om these tt^. V'«^^'«' f^om the •^-chesoutwardTo Jd;:r ^'^ ^^'--^ ^ v,^ td '^"* '^^^'^ « ^-n The ventral valve a so "^'"^^^^--aive"^' ''" """^«'-«- f;;!<^-«. b"t a s,nall rhotb^-f"'"^ ^^^cle-scars The • '"d'^-^te a pedicle-pit rh7'1.^'"^^«"d'-nginto'thf^? '' "o pedicJe- <^«''"inal .nuHcle ?) ^ ' ^'^"'^ '^^^ on each side J. ^'^"^^'^^ ^"-^^ may , The lateral L,,,, ,, ^,. ^" ^""^^ -- (of the of the doi^al and th ^^'"^ ^'^'^e are mn. « sigmoid curve and at ^'^"''*''^ ''^^ the oJlt; tw T^'-^^'^^^l scar ' "-<^'es the laa-ge paired T ""*'^^* ^' ^^^-enl T t''''' "^'^'^^ «>r^ ^«^^t''- than fhose r/tlTr^V-^^^-, «»' in t^^ !"*-' ^-up o"f ^-al valve, and ^weeTtL^^r ^^ ^ "u> a median ^ he width in the ^'ftly convex and ' \'»gth from the ^>tU8ean^.Jewhioh y very convex ^l ^'«^ i« rather ^01- a short spnce '« front margin les in length and «f this species is extending fro^ ^Sr'e appears to ■structure, dark fan ashy gray ^^th, and with '^^'"ng features '«avy muscle- iiiscar; from of the valve ; within the SO oval scar, f the valve ; front of the inarters the '"' elongated, 'aJve. '> from the a'f adozen numerous f^o pedicle- area may '8 (of the lan those *' scar is ieb form rroup of 8 closer median [MATiiiBw] ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM ON THE ATLANTIC COAST 268 ridge, divided lengthwise by a nai-row septum, which extends from the middle of the valve half way to the front. The imprint of the vascular trunks in this valve begin about one- third from the back and extend well forward on each side toward the front margin ; there are about five branches turning inward towaixl the visceral cavity and numerous branches turned outward. As indicated by Billings's name the valves of this shell are thick ; they consist of four to six layers which are separated by a pulverulent substance ; the spaces are perhaps cavities filled by infiltration subsequent to the entombment of the shells ; the thickening of the shell is mostly posterior to the central muscles, thoui^h the margins of the pseudo-platform out- side of these muscles are thickened. The shell, by its massiveness and the arrangement of the muscle- scai-s, shows atfinities with the Trimerellida', though we cannot refer it to any particular genus of that family. Its general form is that of Dino- bolus and of the Binoboli figured by Messrs. Hall and Clarke, it appears to be nearest to 1). Cunradi,^ but it ilitters from all these by the oval form of the main scars of the centi'al group, which are thus more like the central soars of Lingulella, so far as in that genus the dorsal valve is concerned. The orbicular form, narrow mantle margins and heavy lateral muscles, give this shell a superficial resemblance to the Obolidie, but the arrangement of the muscles, especially those of the ventral valve, is quite different. Sculpture.— Thare is nothing to be added to Mr. Billings's description of the external features or surface markings of this shell. /Si2e.— Length of the doreal valve 32 mm. Width 33 mm. The ventral valve is about 2 mm. longer than the dorsal. Locality. — Great Bell Island in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, wiih the preceding. This species is distinguished from the preceding by the advanced position of the muscle-scars and by having much narrower mantle margins, as well as by its general form. The genus Dinobolus, to which this is allied, is found both in the Ordovician and Silurian systems. Dinobolus Conradi belongs to the Nia- gara group. In endeavouring to determine the geological horizon of the sandstones in the islands of Conception Bay one is left in uncertainty by the few- species found there and the small collectionsof fossils obtained from those islands. The fossils were formerly referred to the Potsdam sandstone, as they were thought to have a Primordeal aspect. But Cruziana and Eophyton, which occur there, are tracks or trails of animals, and the Op, c?f. PI. Iv. B., flgs. 13 to iA. «OYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA see «p„-« ,,,„, , ""•" "F CANADA 4'n/kIi= „„,| T,.,„,,„,„|,, 'P- ™« remiifn, „f „„i„„,. ,''""»" (Ulipoi-) but Jittle convev nm TJ^ 'i ^«'"dinaJ border v I ^ «'n"ou«, a„j inclined aJn^oJ^ ll 7"' ' ^'^''^ ^-% marllT .- ^'""'^ "''^'^' *»^roe times iess eleva od h'' "f'*^^ ^H^erul eZt t""'' ""' "^ ^-'^ "^ the middJe a t^lTf ,"" ''^^ «''«^* «f the doS r "''^ '"^ *^o ^r *h« deltidiun, Of thf !'■ ^"^' ^'^«-d by a co veTc^i^''-^^'^ ^^'^^' ^as f^rm of a Jip i., tomXl i *^ ^'^^ «-^t«rior. uX.K .T^"'"""* ^'O'"' tooth and t vo « ^M ? '" *^^i^^«^«dingsnecie8 m 7 ' ^''"^'"'" "^ the ;"«J"ned like the^.rea o ,1 "''" ' ^^'«' ^igh and a l H ' '' ^^* "'^^' i the lateral edges • hTSJy^'''^^' ^^alve, about 60° e '''""'«''' '« i^^ular s,if is\: r trr^^' ""^ ^'^o- no vert:, If-^''^": ^^' The surface of the two v.u ■ ''"^'^ ^^ the sum Jftf ""'• ^^« several times dioho. *"' '' ^«^«red with rnw; ? '"'"" '^^° to 40° ™«y count about 12 1 l^ '''''^^^ " «t 10 mi]lim2l 'T^^'^^'S in their I ^^•^"ulated. and a^l i^, ''' '^'^ '^i^««« of Tmrn f ^'^^ '^'"^ '^"« I in steps. "'^ ^nterru,,t«d by thz-ee or f^rW '^ '^P'^^' ^ ^^ttle I . "^"theinterioronoob. "^ *^«— rings raised I valve a kind of shie 7^ "''"' ""^'^»' the beak of th . I "but against he f ''^'"' ^^ ^^bich rise to ,K ''^'•'^'*' f^^ntral] I ordinarily sees hi ir" ^'"'"* '» the form of ! '^'^'' ^'^ *^"^^n- ■ '« straps, irr^l;^"^^"^ '^^ the Cranias. tZVL ?^' ^"^^ "« one I ^■rom the'ed^?;^^,^-' ^^'i^^ted by a ve.^ p:"^" '' *^« -"Ive is cut I S > Which IS narrow and striated"^' ^ '''^'""»* interior border I ,-,i?S-*;,-,^*.-^,i.^ '"■•'hed nnd pH,.eiJe| ;"^" '-'^'n /bund at "«Sdunan (Upper) '«t""ily found, Lin- novvu a,ml„gu«, i„ ^'oviciaii am, •' ^'- ii-, Figs, la '. pi. 10. '• '''• vii., flg. 28. I species: "Shell 'lot sinuous, and »' [doi-salj valve \«s, and au area "s area is two or tmJJ valve, has "n, which meets apparent com- 'eltidimn in the ^exa] a median «'ve is flat and Je recurved, is ^ the piane of al striu'. The 'm 30° to 40°. *, fine, equal, «^ng in their the boak one P^'ar a Jittle ' rings raised 'al [ventral] border, and ' 18 termin- "eh as one s^alve is cut "or border [MATTnBw] ORDOVICIAN SY8TKM ON THE ATLANTIC CX)AST 267 '' var. RETRoFi.EXA." do Vorneuil, PI. I]., figs. la~c. Gonambonites retroHexa, Pander, Beltr. zurKeogn. Russl., p. 77, pi. 25, Hgs. 1 & 2. " Tills variety figured by Mr. Pander under the name of Gonambonites retroflexa is i-eoognized by the e.xtrenie height of the dorsal [venti-al] area, by the miniiteness on the contrary of the ventral [doi-sal] ari>M. reduced to the degree that it is not more than the fifth of the fiixt, by its cardinal angle more pointed, and finally by the length of the shell. The greatest width is not at the cardinal border, but beyond the middle of the sliell. and the dorsal [ventral ?] valve is much more tumid than the ventral [dorsal ?]. All these ditterences are softened by insensible transitions. The same modification of the ventral area, which is so striking in this variety, is not there constant, and exists sometimes, on the contrary, in the type species. Without particular attention this variety might be taken for a distinct species.'' The variety found at Cape Breton would agree with retroflexa rather than the type, but for the remark as to the relative tumidity of the valves ; this excludes it unless there has been a transposition of the terms doi-sal and ventral in this part of the description. Certain features of the dorsal valve not described by de Verneuil are the following : A mould of the dorsal valve shows that there was a median groove running from the umbo, nearly two-thirds of the length of the shell ; and on each side of the groove appear three radiating vascular ridges (furrows of the interior surface ?). At the hinge line are the moulds of two short lateral plates, and at the centre of this line a group of three pits due to the crura; and the cardinal process ; this, the central pit, which is due to the cardinal process, is larger than the otlujrs. «.— Length of the ventral valve 16 mm. Width 20 mm. Locality.— Gray sandstones of McFee's Point, near George Eiver, Cape Breton, in company with Lingu'ella Selwyni, collected by Messrs'. Weston and Eobert. HYOLITHES, Eichwald. Hyolithes cf. TENuiSTRiATOs, Linrs., PI. II., figs. 2a and b. A large species of this genus occui-s in company with Lingulella Selwyni in the gray sandstones of McFee's Point, which is neariy related to the above Swedish species. It also resembles the Bohemian H. maximus, Barr., and the American iT. /?nnce;)s, Bill., but appears to be a later species than any of these. Apical angle about 12°. No grooves were observed within the margins on the dorsal side and no furrow at the median line on the ventral side. This side somewhat flattened on the sides but much more r N 868 ^iOYAL .SOCIETY OF CANADA convex than t) i "-^i^a -Ilicun4r|,,s|,etvvt.,.n H„wr , ^ at HiJorture 8 nin, t . ^''*' "Pertm-o 14 mm «Jk . HOLASAPH(JS,n.gon. K^, II. gon. HoLASAPHus CENTBOPvn. i ^fel^'Um. Middle piece of th^v. . ^ ' ^'- ^^v ^g^- 4a and i. -d\rt\?eS^:r"* '^--^^^^'"^^ i'rc^x'' '-■ -'^'^^ ^^^-^ each of the Xn. f ""^' ""^ ^^ree obseui-e on.^ ^^^'' ^'^ Prominent edge The ^?"* ""^« ^« furnished with l,, ^' '^' ^"^^ of these • ' ^^-'d^ lobe. Of the Pygidiu t eZ c*" ""^^ "* *^^ ^-^^ «^efouico8ta. and sometimes a ""'^ '»"'•« «or.vox, but ' "•'»•• «'a<-h end i, H croHMiug over to tl.o dorsal Ni.le boloi.^s "•e«l'»n., l^^,H.c,•^|I^. [MATTHEW] ORDOVICIAN 8Y8TKM 0\ THE ATLANTIC COAST 260 cui-vfd. «'- 'tna., but n„ |„„^ ' »'nl d(H;« not Mlnrw Shorter diumoter ^»< 50 mm. or more. ilobil.. related to Buthyurus, Bill., hoad-shield, and "»«• B'""-- by the from Proty|)»8, I the prolonged MegaluNpis-liko by having only by its .shorter, >bed pygidium. and b. •gin with a dis. lit one-quarter vided from the Ht the back on B than half of 3jelobe, meet- t eyelobes, no shallow, lished behind is prominent *k of these ; at the back sometimes a tilth rih \H 01 cm-ely nhown ; the furrowH of the Hide lob«w are Mtraight and tlioHt towaiil the L lek are directed moiv ami more backward. Sculpture — This coi;.. spine 9 mm., length of spine 3 mm., width 14 mm. Locality. — McFee's I'oiut near (Jeorge River, Cape Breton. The mat«^nal on which the above description is based contains only the |»arvs figured, and a large free cheek, which ap|)oai-M to In-long to another species ; it is similarto the cheek of an Angelina (PI. II., tig. b.) The rock in which this fossil occurs is distorted liy pressure and the figures are an average of several e.\amples collected for the distortion. Dr. Jules Ifergeron has decribetl a Megalaspis from the Lower Arenig beds of the s(mth of Franco, wlio.se pygidium is similar to that of our species, but of whieh the head is unknown ; his pygidium. however, is moi-e exactly that of a Megalaspis.' Mr. Walcott has described a pygidium from the Pogonip group of Eureka, Col., Baihi/urus comjeneris, with a broken spine which is like ours, but it lacks the border- fold.-' Bathyurus caudatus, Hill., from the G-A beds of the (Quebec group in Northern Newfoundland, based on a pygidiun^ only, resembles our species in the number of segments in the pygidium and in possessing a lerminal spine, but it has no furrow within the border.' In the fragments of rock which contain the above s|)ecies are a broken head-shield of a trilobite resembling a Ilomalonotus and the massive genal spine above referred to. This may have belonged to a species like Bathyurellus formosus, Bill. • Massif Aiicieii au sud du Ptateau Central, p. 340, PI. iv., flg«. 3 and 4. « Paljpontolgy of Eureka District. PI. viii., figs. Sand 8a. •' Palaeozoic Fossils, p. 261, flg. 245. (i 270 ROYAL HOCIKTY OF CANADA PiK. I. IJXP'li A ^viTro.V OF ITMTR, *^A»l» I. 8. l-niyul,/!,, Seluyni, „. m,,. Mhu PttKoann. *'• •"«^- »"<'' fro.., M.Fet.N Point. Mop " """ '*"l'^'"n. ce.„,nil K..o„J ' 7n , ''" '""■' '»««•"'«'• rLlgen t'lK. 3. P!k. 4.- «h..wl..K tl.e-,llve,-Kl.„ rldKc'-s ,.':,, .Hl^'?;"''"' r'"^"' "»»-«„,„ k,.||v- , . ''""""«•' '"'fineH. the front '•""'• «eo pa«. afl„. ''• "^ " '"''""'. Conception Hay, NewfoZ Linaumolu, ajfinis, Hin., ,,p. j^ 6. Dorwil vftlve, mould of h» ^- " I iiiuuiu or. Heo pa^o aei Ventral valve mouM d ■'<'<' PHKe ad 1. "louiu or. a. deltidiutn tf. lozejif^e '. median plate m, median Hears n, anterior scars o. lateral scars P- post-median scars y. crown ) '■• "'''o f crescent ". end j '• fi^aoNverse scars «• archlet v. X, y- central scars sub-card iiial scars lunbo-lateral sears parietal scars »■•'. vascular trunks c. Variety nineata, n. var M«n- a xr . same, showing crescent, scarTof" m.. ^°*'*^'''"' «« «bove. d. Side view of Great Bel. Island. Conce^ alylrw^^rdl "T'^''"' ^"^- ^" "o" Notation as in precedinK'speciesT it "," \^"'™' ^*'^«' '"""'d of- notation otherwise as af^^ve ! Settlon n, .k"'"' '' ^"^""^l callosities' convexity. All from Great BelVlfS" tfi:;:^^^^^ *<> «''0- th^' FlK. 1- Plate II, (Part) l-Chtambomtes (Gonambonites) plana P«nH valve, mould of. showing deltldium' s^Umi;'"' ^''^^^ ^^ "• ^-^ral like radiating grooves, and crenuh^Ln ""■ *** ^^"^ »'n»>o. strap- of. showing low hinge area ;"dl deltllir'"- "^ "°''^*' ^alve.'mouTd crural p ates, dorsal furrow, Lul vLu t /r' '"''*"'"'' P'''^^*'''- -•'•"'•«S -v.ves. in profile. AH from McFerpi c- "« '^ ^^'^"'^" "' "'«^ ^^o . ^omt. Cape Breton. See page 206. ^Ami 'e, Interior nhowln^ wwuliir tnuikji, ate, NOiuw, cciitrBlKroup cFff's |'„|,it. . H,.,. . NiK.vviriK v From McFoi-'fi 1' Uit, (iiornf Hivt-r, ('ii|k' Hrutuii Moo FIk. 3.— Moviihlc clu'ck of ft tilloblte. .Vh«. aiie. Wain' locality. Hon pmko aflO. KIr. 4. JloUtMiphtiM irnfn^/ii/i/i-. n. geii., et m|). Mag. (. <(. MI.iil«. IoI^k «h()iild liavt' orit> furrow li'MN. Ki'oiii McKfc's i'oint, near GeurKf river, Oitid Hri ton. Hoe |»M|ft< UOH. Ki«. 5.— /,t'n(AM/»-/>/» acM»M'naf«, Conrad * Mag. J. a. Ventral valvt>, hIiowWik thu poMltion of tlu' p<)Mt«rlor addni'or, the lateral and the ccnlial miiHcleH. '*. Dornal valve, sIiowIiik the poxlerior adduclitr and the lateral and oik pair if the eenlral innseUm, aH well a.s (he courMe of thp vaHctilftr trunk*. i5aiid*tone, Beverly, Ont. Heo iihko Un7. ahraded <-xampl«, at dim-rent .NtageN I'lK pitN of lateral ore showH the area he Krowth of the "iHineH, the front 1 Hay, Newfoiind- vnlve mould of vldson and King ■scars dinal Mcars ateral .scars I scars r trunks d. Side view of iMind. All from ' Patre 262. Ive, mould of; llnal callosities.' es to show the ?• a. Ventral e umbo, strap- 1 valve, mould rocess, crurw, ilon of tlie two ee page 206. m 'I iii / |(IV/» BRACHIOPODA Tpan*. FiS.C. iaiJ5. Plate I >'i ^^^g- w« BRACHIOPOOA. CRUSTACEA fi INSECTEA. TfHns. R.S.C. IfllJJ. plaf^. |i ]h 5« l]&^^ ^i;;"^; Section IV., 1895. [273 1 Trans. R. S.C. XIV. — Organic Remains of the Little River Group, No. 1 V. By G. F. Matthe-'v, D.Sc. (Read May lOth, 1895.) THYSAMIJRA. It is somewhat remarkable that among the many fossi' insects that liave been desciibed, the Thysanura have few or no representatives. Since there is a considerable number of species extant in the modern world, one mi^ht reasonably expect thnt the study of the extinct faunas would give to science at least a few species of this order.* In fact, in a type so primitive as to have the three somites of the thorax separate from each other, we would naturally look tor a larger proportionate representation among the insects of the ancient world. It is clear, how- ever, that such a larger proportion has not yet been found. These con- siderations add special interest to a discovery in the plant beds at St. John, of the remains of an insect that appears to belong to this order. PODURITES, n. gen. PODURITES SALTATOR, n. sp., PI. II., Fig. 10. Body cylindro-fusiform. Head oblately oval, slightly extended be- hind, and showing traces of antenna) and eyes. Thorax one-fifth longer than wide, of three separate segments, which are about twice as wide as long ; the anterior angles of the first segment are rounded in toward the head and the posterior angles of the third segment has lobes projecting backward on each side of the abdomen. The abdomen is fusiform, rapidly tapering in the posterior third, composed of about seven rings, and terminated by a spring (elater), the root of which appears to have been attached to the penultimate segment, and was fluted on the sides. 8ize. — Length of the body, exclusive of the appendages, 20 mm. ; width 3 mm. Length of the head 2 mm., of the thorax 4 mm., and of the abdomen 8 mm. Horizon and Locality. — Plant Bed No. 2, Lower Cordaite Shales, Little River Group, St. John, N.B. Rare. ' A very peculiar acephalous insect found at Florissant has been referred to this order by Dr. Scudder, and an imperfect Lepisma was found at the same locality. Sec. IV,, 1895, 18. 274 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA This little creature is clearly a hexapod and can best bo referred to the Thysanura. as the three segments of the thorax are separate ; there is a 8])ring (elater) to the abdomen, and there are no traces of wings. It has not the compactness of body of the modern Springtail, but in its el.mguted form it approaches the species of Jjepisma or Bristletails ; however, these have more numerous segments to the abdomen than Podurites ; and the strong stylet or spring of the latter is a distinguish- ing feature, that precludes us from placing it in Lcpisma: the form and seg- mentation of the abdomen is thus intermediate between Podura and Lepisma, but sufficiently distinct from either to warrant the establish- ment of a new family for which I would suggest the name I'oduritida'.' AKACHMIDA. According to Dr. S. H. Scudder (1&81) two hundred and tifty species of Arachnids have been described from the Tertiary deposits. Of these one hundred and ninety are true spiders, while the remainder are Acarina (mites). Ophilionos (11 species), Chernitidu' ( species). Of these insects nine-tenths (1886) have been preserved in amber, leaving only a quarter of a hundred species from other sources as representatives of this great division of the ancient insect world when Dr. Scudder commenced his studies on the insect fauna of Flori8,sant. This fauna is contained in lacustrine clays, and the result of Dr. Scudder's study of the insect re- mains contained in it — if we omit from consideration the Arachnids of the Ruropean amber — more than doubled the number of Arachnids known as fossils up to that time. While this was the relative number of the European and American Tertiary spiders up to this time, important additions were also being made to our knowledge of the Pahvozoic Arachnids, for in the succeeding decade spider-like animals began to be found in the coal measures and among tliem several peculiar types, differing from any known in the later ages. Among these were the Anthracomarti of Karsch, differing widely from modern spiders, an-' established as a separate order by that author. 1 Since the above paper was written anotlicr Tliysanuran has been found, more remarlcable than Podurites— that is, more difficult of comparison with any other modern form. While exhibiting the separate segments which are found 'n the thoraces of the Thysanurans, its head can only he compared with that -of Scudder's genus Planocephalus, from the Oligocene beds of Plorissant, or with certain suctorial Hemiptera. Perhaps it might be said that the existence of such a form as Plano- cephalus, best explains the peculiar structure of the new type, for it can be referred to the Thysanuran.s only on the same general considerations as have governed Dr. Scudder in so referring that genus. [MATiHEw] ORGANIC REMAINS OF LITTLE RIVER GROUP 273 The following Humiuury of the foswil Arachnida is coiidensod from Br. Scudder's review of these forms givon in Bulletin iil of the United States Geological Survey.' , Acari (Mites), Tertiary 36 species. Chelouetlii (Fseudoscorpions), Tertiary 9 " Anthraconiarti (extinct order>, Carboniferous 1(J " Pedipalpi (Spider Scorpion.s), Carlwniferoun 2 " Scorpione.s (Scorpions), 3 Silurian, 8 Carboniferous, 1 Tertiary 12 " Ophiliones (Spider Mites), Tertiary 13 " Aranea; (Spiders)— 2 Carbonif., 1 .Jurass., 220 Tertiary 229 " It is chiefly v?ith the extinct order of Anthraconiarti that we are at present interested, and this from tlie fact that Arachnids allied to this order have been found in the plant bods at St. John. I EUEYMAETUS, n. gen. EURYMARTUS LATUS, n. Sp., PI. 11., Fig. 7. Body oval, angulated in front at the sides. No distinction of widlh between the cephalothorax and the abdomen. Cephalothoi-ax bounded by a narrow raised border or rim. The cephalon has traces of organs in front which are probably antennas ; and centrally has a curved row of six (or eight) small scars, in a position where the eyes might be look-ed for. The cephalon is divided from the thorax by a narrow, low border. The thoracic segment is sub-quadinlateral, more than three times as long as wide, sides slightly contracted at the back where it joins the tii-st abdominal segment. The thorax is inclosed by a narrow raised rim, an(i has protective spines at the anterior and posterior corners on each side, the anterior spines directed outward and the posterior backward. On each side of the thorax is a row of about eight scars ; these rows are inclined towards each other anteriorly, but are as far a])art in front as the cephalothorax is long. At the front edge of the thorax in a line with the row of scars on each side, is a small elon- gated scar which may mark the point of attachment of a palpus ; also at the back of the thorax, outside the posterior scars on each side of the thorax, is a small round scar, perhaps indicating a spiracle. Th> abdomen of seven joints, is about as long as wide. It is divided longitudinally in three regions, a central one or rachis, inclosed by a sloping pleural region, and the whole bordered by a slightly raised, rather broad, marginal band. The first two rings of the abdomen are armed on each side with anterior and posterior .spines, directed backward, the five posterior segments are arched more and more at the sides as they ' Systematic review of our present knowledge of fossil insects, U.S. Geol. Survey, Bulletin No. 3L 276 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA approach the posterior extremity ; the last joint i8 broadly lenticular obscurely outlined and contains the anus. The suture at the back of the thorax and the sutures between the hreehrstjomts of the abdomen are of equal prominence, but those of the posterior segments of the abdomen b, come more an are arranged in two distant rows converging forward. It would appear then [mattiiew] OROANIC REMAINS OF LITTLE RIVER GROUP 277 that thi« typo boloiigN to another order for which the name Eurymurti Is proposed. Tfie following are its distinctive features : Order EURYiMARTI. Body depressed. Cephalothorax and abdomen of equal widtli, not clearly divideil. Coxh' crowded in two rows distant from mch other, converging forward. Abdomen forming a single rmm of seven to nine segments sub-equal in width. Family Elrymartid.e. Distinguished I'rom Architarboida-as follows : Cephabythorax less than half of the length of the abdomen. Coxto spreading from a broad trapezoidal space on the thorax. Abdomen oval, segments sub-equal in width. From the genus Anthracomartus, its nearest ally, Eurymartus, is dis- tinguished by its smaller but broad cephalothorax, obtusely triangular in front. Also by its oval abdomen nearly uniform in outline with the cephalothorax. EURY.MARTUS, Sp. ? PI. H., F'ig. 8. This very defective fossil is refer -ed to the Arachnida on account of its resemblance to the abdomen of Eurymartus. It consists of .seven or more cemented segments. Of these the two anterior are separated by a stronger line of demarkation from the others, than the lines of division between these latter. The first segment is narrow (longitudinally) and is terminated at each end by a spine pro- jecting backward ; it has on the front edges a facet about half its length, apparently tor the articulation of the cephalothorax. The remaining rings of the abdomen are apparently of about equal width. The second, third and fourth rings have lateral spines directed backward ; those on the thiril ring are heavier than those on the rings in front. The rings behind the fourth do not show spines, but this may be due to the imper- fect preservation of the fossil, as the po.sterior part of the al ,nen is broken away. The sixth ring has a tubercle on the median line. Sculpture. —The surfixce has a fine granulation, just visible t(j the naked eye. Size.— Jjongth of the part preserved 4 mm. Width 1 mm. Horizon and Locality.— Dark shale of Plant Bed No. 8, Lower Cor- daite Shales, Little River Group, St. John, N.B. Bare. - This peculiar fossil has some resemblance to the pleon of an Isopod, but differs in the following respects : The number of segments is in excess of those in that part of an Isopod, and they are narrower than such seg- ments ; they are .alHo jinchylosed, for the divisioau! linos are obscure. i 278 ROYAL SOCIETY OF r'ANADA AMl'HII'ELTrs I'AIIADOXUS, HultiT, PJ. H., |.'ig. (;. Quart. Jour. Geol. 8oc., Feb. 186;^ Acad. Geol., 2nd Ed., p. 523. ' J W^t^'r'- "^' ?'" ^''•"^'"'•"""' ''«"«'-il>-l -n,e thirty yoars u^n, l,v Mr J. W. hultor, 18 not now nvailuhlo f*. m.. ■ i