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Un dee symbolee suivsnts spperaitra sur la damiAre image de cheque microfiche, seion le caa: le symfcoie -♦• signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole ▼ signifie "FIN". Lee cartee, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAe A dee taux de rMuction diffArents. Lorsque le document ost trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul ciichA. II est filmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de geuche A droite. et da haut it baa. tt prenant le nombre d'Imegea nAcaaaaira. Las -liagrammea suivsnts illustrent la mAthode. D 32 X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 S 6 A] ST PI PV ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEG GE BULLETIN XCIL DISEASES AFFECTING THE GRAPE By J. H. Pantox, M.A, F.G.8.. Profks History and Geology. SOB OF Natural ALSO SPECIAL BULLETINS. APPLES By D. W. Beadle, Toronto. STRAWBERRIES ... By w W Hn «n„ t • By G. W. Oline, Winona. FRUIT STATISTICS. Bureau ok Ikdustrxes. PVnUSHEn BY THE O^TAMo UEPARTMK^^ o, AOmc Bt CULTURE. ToBONTO, Marcli 26th, 1894. TORONTO; Phintfj) by Warwick Bnos. & Rittrb. MINI8TBB OF AOQICmLTUBB Hon. John Dryden, Toronto. Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Guelph, under control of the Minister of Agriculture. jAMnMiLLS, M.A., LL.D Proaident. Wm. Rkvnib F»rm Superintendent. A. E. Shuttliwobth, B.A. So Professor of Ohemistry. J. H. Panton, M.A., F.G.S. . . Profesaor of N»turftl History and Geology. J. H. Rbbd, V.S. . . Professor of Veterinary Soienoe. H. H. Dean, B.S.A. Professor of Dairy Husbandry. O. A. Zavitz, B S.A .. Experimentalist. 6. E. Day, B.S.A ;. .. Lecturer on Agriculture, H. L. HuTT, B.S.A Lecturer on Horticulture. J. B. Rbtnolds, B.A. Assistant Resident Master. Captain Waltkb Glabkb Instruc'-or in DriU and Gymnastics. A. MoOalluh Bursar. ADVISORY BOARD. O. 0. Jaubs, M.A., Secretary John I. Hobson, Chairman Deputy Minister of Agrrioulture, Toronto. . Mosborough, Oounty of WeUington. u DISEASES AFFECTING THE GRAPE to present a summary ofXe ren ,"«« '*»«,«"•»?«. the writer is able pprtune. give a description of four of Hf' *" *^* *'•"" » "^^ ^P" As to varietipR nmof i;„ii \. r^«ex ou per cent, Roger.- hySlssToU ra^cZt !'«r™'»"''™'' -P«' and 12 Del.war». ' '""""• "" Niagara, 16 Brighton, i^' «r^S'„&l'^ j;'::^,:» - .He »ea«,n he„ .he.e been on the increase since n«nf ^'® ®''*®°*' *'»<1 they have portance and neces^^trof fi^h^ ^^7 *'' *""''^"''^« '° *h« »«- the fact that of those in ?nm«*^ ■ ^- ^°''' ** ™«y ^ seen from reply to the circular above Sr.dT'^Jo''''*^ '''« Department^ Bordeaux mixture, 1 2 cZe7 t'hat^; m ''^''' "^'°« «"'P»^«'*. ^5 copper sulphate, and 3 eSSce « ^^'''"^hl ammoniacal solution of that favorable results followed the „- «' *t ^°i!»«"«»« ot opinion is eapecially in the case o7thTCr;:L\t:'°^^ "*"^ '""«'^'^-' favor rd7vei:prn\7rhU'VuntTd'°"^ — to excellent f . rtilizer for the grape v"T ^' ' ^*"^ ^°** ^^«« *» PUNOOID PksTS. The grape being a plant that produces a l«r„^ and fruit, it is not a matter of suWise that kT TT^ °^ ^°"»«« of enemies amoni? insects an,i «alf ■*• , '' ^^°"'^ ^ave a number wish to direct thf S^^of ^reSl° A"^^' /^ *»»» B"»etin we affecting the grape injuriously rderivit fe P'*"'? ?** *^« ^^"'^d as parasites upon its leaves, cines andZlt "^""'^'"^"t from it iishm^erorx^eSntttLrThlT^^^^^ '^^ -'^b- no investigations have been mo,L „!r^^.*' " '*"^*^ ^^e fungi, and those which have C fXwed to ale'?'' ^" »^'»«««'»J results than fnr «io«* j: wiiowea to ascertain the nahiva o»,fi j ^...ooveredana i. n,a/iprrl47J?L,rL'^:t,rffi >i,^»fw* concemiDK the life hlitory of these peaU, moat of them beinc exceed- ingly minute. General Characteristics op the FuNor. The fungi include raost of these parasites, that oommenoe life from a spore which to som*; extent corre8))onds to a seed the starting point for the higher forms of plant life, as the grape,' etc Spores are exceedingly small, most of them microscopic, have a very thin covering, germinate from no particular point, and have no em- bryo. Thus you will perceive they differ very materially from a seed, which IB visible, has a well defined covering, germinates from a par- *.i3ular point, and contains an embryo, that develpps into a plant capable of producing flowers and seeds. The fungi also differ from other plants in having no green color- ing matter (Chlorophyll) in them, and thus cannot elaborate food from inorganic material ; they must derive their food from material elaborated by plants that do possess Chlorophyll. They therefore hvn on organic matter, some on deadi such as mushrooms, others on living, such as mildews, smuts, etc. The latter are true parasites, and are very injurious by sapping the vitality from the plants upon which they are found. Among these fungi we find four frequently parasitic upon the grape. Before discussing these specific forms, it may be of service to the reader to outline the usual development of a parasitic fungus from the germination of spore till spores are again produced. Spores being exceedingly small are readily transported by the wind, and soon reach a suitable place for germination upon some plant, which is terme" trouble into that mi^Jtbe .unZTJof h^Z hi '^f''^^*"* ''*^^'' «'<'•' When The shoota aw att^h.JTS T 7']'^'' 'P^"^ "PO" t^em -lightly depreteVTut ^t .0 d^r^^^^^^^ ^«ark colored .pot. Affected fruit faila to develon T^ t ., H *'"* °' Anthracnose. brown. (See 6^ o) Heno J^Vi T''"'^ '^ *^"°"'«" ^**»>«'-«d and di-tingui-i it tJ'Burn^^ 'T hrTa';^^^";!^^"''' '^ very n,uch wrinkled and dried up. (Co«pte iguts A^n^T" "" f«n^. ^SL'''^^^^^^ Bliir V'^'lL^'r '«--Wance to the O.A^. Report for 1886 A* ' described by the writer in the plante tVrS?nLetLe o„ion «r' ""^^ "^"«*»'*" «^ different Tn the oHer ?>i::r^XTi>t&hetCri3r^^ ^^ ^-^^- and''rXr7aiwte''(t?1:rr"'"T'^P^^ ^"•P'''^*^ — - Bun«Hn\ K-o • i ® "°"®' concluBiona at the end of thia 1 f t F I ISiH: "-oci.ted7i;^\'n'j'.„'3'.-^^^^^^^^ i. often circular reddiah briwn •pot* of liE 'n^ .'"June, in the form of more distinct on the up^ s« ace of t^/ 1" ?" ^ *'"• ^hey are Around these di-eased part, minute i^w*''/ ^'^f" °» the lower, •een Thete show the var Lu. Xe. in tK ''^'^^^Pi'^Ple- can be which we Bhall describe vJhllJt^- " ^^^ «''°*^**' ot the funeua On the shoots ih:%:j^\':^zZnVi' ^ depressed. It is not in the atSdc u Jn '^^i. T" '^^' -omewhat ipuch damage is sustained! W whe^the f '' ''*"* ""' "^^o*" '^at The be„i.. are attacJced shortly Ihlr t /""«"«,''««<'»'«. the fruit, of the disease. The trouble Xnshow«.'u''' "*'°'' '^« Pr««nc» -pot on the surface, near the stem Pn7 A^" *".' ""*" »'«>''««»» cover, the whole surface chan„Tn!? ' '^"' ^'^.^^^''^ -P'«*ds and Wack and the berry eventiallv w? S? '°'°r' ''" '' ^'^^O'"^- quite condition. (See figs A "^'j B shnJ^""'"*/ '^••^' "^"^^^^d up fru'M An examination of the '.urf^J"? ""f ^*''*^ ""^ effected pimples in which the funaus can hTt. /7^*l' "^^^^ "»"*" bla.k seen by the eye. but "eSs of fL '*'*!^ ' '^""^ P"«'"'«« can be many intorestini stages rthelffeWsUv"^^^ ""'''"^^^^ -I'O'' Its thread-like structure Jifi. I ?..^ °^ ""* parasite. only grow between the celirtr[rLr'^"""«'*^^«^°P'"^ Among the tissues of the .hri'ven«V^ •"* '*"*" penetrate them, in which .pore, .re developer Tt^"'"' ?• °"*^ "•^'*'«- »'« «•«» each other, but contarenretdm^^^^^ ^avjtie. may be quite near four kinds connected with the Lread >i .h? ?' °' 'P^'"'' ^°'' ^« ^^^ the .pore. e.cape throuah min?^! • " '""«""• ^^^en mature pimple, referred to ^ '""'^ °P''°'"«» °» the surface of ?he Vi., I - -a •■ Among the most important germ, in spreading the fungus during 8 Mmner are the Stylo»por«$, oval in outline and borne on verv tmall lUlki attnched to the walli of certain cavities, (pyenidia.) Ai soon ai maturo they separate from (heaUlks and pass out of an openine on the top of a pimple. (See fig. 3.) Other cavities {,p^nu^onia) give rise to still smaller and more elongated spores (•p«rma/wi) which mature and also pass out through an opening. Aieopore», oval in outline, are not developed till the "rot" has been fully matured, and may be seen upon diseased benies in the ■P™* , J»«y •"^« ^'nter ■pore* and are concerned in the perpetua- tion of the fungus from season to season. On this account it i« very important to destroy them as far as possible. The cavities (perithe. CM) containing these are largely occupied by flaskshaped oraans {Asei\ (See fig. 4) in each of which are eight of these oval spores • these on reaching maturity escape from the cstvitiea to find knew starting point on the plant. Conidia, a fourth form of spore, are not so common as the others and are more usually found growing ;upon the surface of the pimples, than in cavities in^de; they are oval and appear at the ends of «talks. showing well-marked divisions, from which they drop off when mature. The Stylospores and Ancotpores are the most import- ant in the propagation of " Black Rot." -*»^*if f**'" . ^' ®°?® **'''® succeeded in preserving the fruit from attack by enclosing the bunches in paper bags, as soon as the flowers are fertilized. 2 Spraying with Bordeaux Mixture (see conclusions) 18 a very successful fungicide against " Black Rot." Powdery Mildkw. (UncintUa $piralis.) This fungus is quite different from either of the precedbg in its form and habit ; it prefers a dry atmosphere and confines its attack largely €A^ to All til d( ■p ot mi ni; 1 *Jg. S. thre bodi tinu R mild the; Mix C< whic the ( wmm 9 to the external DortioM uf the afTected parta It ai>Dear> »h«n» «J i .ummer inthef^orm of grayi.h white patch^ on th'^^^t lo? oi the leave. «,met.me« on the .hoot, and even borrieJ ^Aftor it hL Fig. 6. S'l^'iJfZ'Jrr"'""*- Within th«e, in. m.11 ll„k.,h.p«l Anthraohosb (Sphaohma am/itHmm). the can. iUr, it Vpp..;.:^ ?Sr b^^wn' ^Zr-hiZ^r^'i ^^mmm^- -10 ^^{^^r:^^ ^P-« the cntres of which not extend deeply into the tiasuef alfl, \«*r'"« ^"°S"« do«« depressed; but the affecterpar'^' t tJS *^' """""^^ *^«» '« ^ mpture and spores are produced mmute bro.nhh ,p„ts o< lighter cL, ^ .*^° '™"' " P™<"»«» borders surrounding the wLl? '" "" "»"»" •"* ""iwd .pS'wit::t" o'r TJ *eS; '^.r'""*r """ " •"•««"■ become gray, .„„ .».rcL?„T Ws sl.,^ "■" ''°*"'" "' «•«• ™* .ppe„s .U, . dsrk borderd'„°:sr :? U. "ffi'^^^i^ :^ig. «. eeem to live dnring the winterSmfn tft- ^^ '^'^ »' 'bis leave, or shoots. '"'' ""^ <''«Med portions of fmit, R»l«Diits. Sulphur has irivpn .««j ....,,.- „ . .. great .u.pr„ven.ent to spray th^ ^ni'tut. solSJiit-T'o'ep'^? • of which logus does al area is produced Tm new produce* i raised blackish >f these ]ous red presents Rot," lo not ' and ikled, this fruity be a pper 11 plants discussed P°° ^^^ S*"*?^' ^y the four parasitic Conclusions. leaves^tra^dt^Lr '^^ ^" '^-'^' --^^' -=H as diseased (1 'b. fnlSVat ttr ^'"' "^^' ' ^°^"- •' °^ -PP- -^P^^ate uBing^BoTdf:uri,?:rr:rr °i:Lr %n'^'°^« '•^^ -- »>'--. application as soon as Zleaves^ij,ri;'^'^^^^^ ^^'^^ the first blooming. ^*''®^ *PP*^»'^ a°d the second just before atLe^rla^'omCirSr lij/the ^ "'^'^^ ^-^^^^ «^PP"-^-- The coloring of the LrrS Z J. Bordeaux mixture. using in the^ast apXatL * '" '"'^ ^ °^'''°'"^ ^^ carbonate (see below^ or ?? «mmoniacal solution of copper fruitinasUtionofiiieL^^ ^^^ dipping^ and then rinsing it in cJZ water ' '^''''^"' *" ^^ «*"°^« ^^'e^) (j)copp\?s:U^"ef/t ?n?rr 'tV'T'^ of the grape are (6) Bordeaux mixture 6 lb of in *^u' ^°' ^^''^^ treatment: 45 gals, of water. In ' makt/thTs^l'I '""^^^^^L * ^^- ^^^^^ «•«« and dissolve it in a f^w tafs of w!^! ^Tu *t' °°PP«' ^^^P^ate 6 gals, of water ; after collifg strain 1?[hrn*^t **"' ^''^' ^^*^ ^^°«* into the barrel that conSf !t through some coarse sacking it well, adding the r^tTth.' °°PP«^ ""'Phate solution and stif "fixture ; (c) fau ceSe 2 lb Z ' ""^rT'^ ^ "'ake up the soda. 2;inteammontandyL^?''/"'P^*Jf' ^J lb. washing sulphate in 2 gals, of wafer t^ivl r**'' ^P'^<>^^^the coppef vesselofwaterfmixJLrlndwhA ••T^^'?« ^^* ^° a°°t£er 2 pints of ammonia Summr.:!^?'?'?^*'''^" ^'^ ceased add 02. copper carbonate T^f^'^^^^acal solution copper carbonate • 3 the 3L'.ofXper;arbCeb^^^^^^^^^ ^-o^- about tousedilStewith25glirlarr Of *thr't' *2^ "^^"^ mixture is likely to rank first ®^® *^® Bordeaux Kn-pT„^ck%'"'''*^"'^' '!? ^-^ ^PP"^'' '^ith great effi.;«„«„ k„ .,.:_. 13 THE FARMER^S APPLE ORCHARD. By D. W. Beadle, Toronto.. Unt. Pruning. take off a large Hmb?the betteT plan Ts to -.^ " '' ? "'''''"'^ *^ VAmETIES. upL^ISli" rS^^^^^^^^^ tch"^^>n.^^'" depend>.ewhat the planter is plS Tt fs rdvisabt Lff^*^-^- °"^''''^^^ ^" ^^^^^^^ to examine the bealg orcha^dTof th« v? -f""^ T"" '^^ ^'^^«> among those that do weuTn «rmJl„. ■^ '''''''^' """^ "^^^^ ^^oice „ Thf foUowing^llT^'l IreTatd ^^^^1!;! ^^P-ture. 14 A selection c^^'b^rdf^rtheU^f'J'T'' ^''"^'^ «»•"'' part of the Province adapted ^ . very considerable Wealthy, BlenhLXpinSpki„,m„rS ■'''S?'"' ^'f^-^ Golden Russet, Onta,.^, RoXv RusTet I ^'"""■'•N'"'">«™ Spjr, field, Seekno-further. When n^nS.' O"*.";'" g and West- impojtant to.- ,id a -»l«pUc\?':r KieTTd' ve? J^t?"? ". " verylarce number of anv nt tuJf^u vi»rieiies, ana yet not to plant a forilhefeason that the7are self f^^^^^^^^ ^\l'^^^ themselves, fertilize its own blossoms r™^^ ' 5f* '"', *^^ P°"«^ ^o^^ not Spy. Red AstrLhan Zxbur^E^ ^"^^'^'^^ sterile The Baldwin^a^^R^l^S will be ourbestmarket andfnnt^Lf -If ^^^-^^^ ^or often that there will sell in aiy market theln' •'°'"'"*?^ ^ ^'^^ P"'^^ grown, free from scab fl^dS.fi- ^^"^'ng varieties when well 'ell g;aded honestly and nea? ly'Sd ''' r^ "^^"''"S worms, high price. ^ ^ ^^''^^^' ^'" ^'^ays command a has'^p^t^SsihJi^''^^^^^^^^ r"^- -^ »^'- ^t there in prime condition ' T^next in^«T'^^-^"??^^' '^"^ *"ives and it coUands the v^y highest p fee next' the Sa^i ?T"««'-'^. and close upon it the RibHtnn P,..^;^ t'- u . ® ^*"*^ Lawrence, tor over twenty S^Zi^'^^ ^it^ "^^e C ^" V'^^ rivals the Ribaton in nricB tLo!; . a ne Blenheim Pippin always sell there at higr^res Hither JT^p',/'^-^" ?"«"« ^"1 profitable apple to '^d'Z^e'^^.t tlt^Z^^^^^^^ especially when hiffh colored V^f if ; maricet, and sells well, it will maintain itfposWon belaLl p T^ ,**T"°°*^^« ^»»«ther The Rhode Island oSr; is Slfni' 'M^ "^ ^'«^ ^«*%- outstrip the Baldwin S'e^onf To'mp^^^^^^ maiagt.ir to ed and sells at high figures. The NorZrn i^'''^!^ """^^ esteem- is also much estefmed in its season ^^^ *^'^ '^^" 8^°^^ Spraying. The fungus that causes the apple-scab has bflro- ^ «« ant and so widely diffused that S i« imn^.? f? " ^° "'^'"^ *^"nd- andpersistently intheuiof thel«7.ffl -"V^ ^'' ^'^ergetically ing it from gotten, in iri^M^!; S.^^'urssThtlsd'" ^'^ ' shareof many c f ou^r very valuable apples will of en i unfif f ' * 'r^' Thepomt to be aimed at in this warLrel 1 kTlUhe fn- ™*'^'^ -- a-izi t.ie luugus spores 15 before they have commenced to gvow A» af most efficient means of doin«thi8i«;^"». at present advised the once before the buds burst fnd!^-,-^!;*^ ""^ ""««« >° 'he sprin/ and before the Aowera open wTh 1"'^^ '^'^ ^««'^ ^ «3; blossoms have fallen to Bl^ay^^em tZf^LT f"""' ''^''' ^^e* which Paris green has bee./added in the n-n ^fr^««^,"»^"^'«*'-^ to gallons of the mixture. If the weather .-JT^'''"" .°^ * ^*>- *<> 50 days to two weeks may iatervenrw \'*'*^' *'' ''^^erval of ten the blossoms appear anVblrwrn^tlTaTtef^^^^^^^^ ^^^ore but If It 18 rainy it will be necessarv to -n ^^^'"''^'^ ^ave fallen ; ing a spraying every week mltf ^ Tu ^P"^*^ °^*'«»e'-. even to giv- *'T /tV'^' ^-^'--ix'ut^nte^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^-'«' -d .^orf(/?erf caw ce^e«^e is made bv ^^If * ^'^®^°- sulphate (blue-stone, blue viL^^.^'^'toT^'r ^""^^^^ ^^ ^PP^^ Do not use an iron or zinc velse A .n **^'"' '^^ ^«^<> gallons, he blue stone into a water tight barrti T^'''^'''' ^^ ^^" ^f to put It, and stir with a stick occfsla, ^ «nJi1 T' '^^ ^^'^^^^r upon another vessel, no matter of what i^ T 1 '^*'' dissolved. In and a half of carbonate of soda L '"*'*^' '''''^l^® o^e pound gallonof water.coldorhotas l^ T°" '"^'^^^S «oda). in say a these have become whoiryd?ssciveT ''''T'''''' ^^^^ bo7of barrel containing the «Stforoftlue' Wt^d^ ^he action which will now ensue has cI^Lh ^^^'^ *^« chemical quart of ammonia of the strength otTfi' ' ^T'.- °'°u *^" ^*"«1 ^ne short time there will be a cllr u ' f ""^ ®'''' ^'^^ 1^9"^^. In a water to bring the whole upto thi ftw^o "air ""rT '^^ ^^^J use rain water it is preferable "''^^ ''^^ g*"o»«- If convenient to ^if^^^ Of copper sul. blue-stone, and strain the tLnwhirwar^''^'^^ the solution of done add enough water to hrin^ fK u*?** ^""^^ *'• When this is cost of this wilf noTexceed one^ndVS "^ t° '°"^ ^'^^-^^ The necessary to add the lime in order to vreylT'fu ^^ «^"°^- ^^ " from injuring the foliage. '^ '^®''*^ "'^ copper sulphate poison the worms. Th'e^t on X^7a^ ^f- ^*"« ^^««^ 'o one pound of Paris green to twnh!; ".'^V^®'^ '^ at the rate of would require six and^^t^ fif tL :'«"« ^f'p^^" °' "^^^^^ ^h^s to the forty gallons of Bordeaux mTxtar«i- ^''"^ '° ^« *d<^ed will be found to be sufficient Bv/h.« l-""- °"^*'««' ^^^^ever. Paris green with the copper sul nW«' ^^'^bjning the poisonou^ with one stone ; to prevent the f«n!aB^'^ *'' t^^' '° ^'" *^° birds aad the young worms of thecodt^f^^HC;^^^ ■■'"■*' -^?w?^S5 J8 mixture, or with SorZ ?/ • Y " 'P'"*^'"^ "'^^ **»« Bordeaux constantly strrred s^tLuhe limo an7r^°''**^* *° ^^P *»^« ^^^^^^ .hr^o!.8h^tL"d^?;hr.Sd'Lr■^thor' ^t^. ^'r -*- working p„„ andoause gre.Uro„blf °" "'" ''"^"' » «■» Some Injurious Insects Becked caterpillar, Atana Z7sL .^"^^ ^Tf '«''^« i the yellow- (Edemasia concinna • all suchTJntl ' • ^^f ^"™Ped caterpillar, with Paris green ln^watPrrn7i,P°''°'i'''^y «I''*y^°« < he trees Cltsiocan^pce Americana, are lore easHv dS 'JV caterpillars, them when they are in'the^r tent Sre theT ^^ '"P'""?^ in the early morniiur atmid H«v,'f fL u- f^ *'® ^"''e to be iBg. The fall wRorm Sl?.^^^^^^ until it has nearly atTaS h!fnZZfi Z'^l'V ^^*^'^ ^*« ^«»> captured at any Le of dav sl J«^^^ and therefore can be easily cLocampa sylaUclt'ls ouH Ss^'VCiresT^^^^^^^^ 17 wry to have .iMtigae, for ss than two }s in length, irking parts stion of the le Bordeaux p the liquid lot 8et«^le at »mall pipe, B bottom of 3p the lime ded in the le writer is 2zle. It is >y pressing belruction, umb is re- d does not ler nozzlea fteen feet, e of forty Vormorel ear water len in the 11 ch as the e yellow- iterpillar, the trees i of Paris tprpillars, capturing re to be i at even- » its web be easily terpillar, t usually y spray- Benefits of Spbayino, The efficacy of the means herein mentioned for preventing injury to our apple trees and apples from the apple scab, the codhng moth worm, and leaf-eating caterpillars is no longer open to question. They have been most thoroughly and frequently tested not by one person only, or in but one locality, but by very many persons, in very many places and under a great variety of circumstances ; all testifying to decidedly beneficial results which abundantly compensate for all cost of labor and material. The results obtained by spraying an orchard of Tompkins King last season, 1893, as stated by Mr. E. G. Loderaan, are here given as one of many instances that might be mentioned. The material used was the Bordeaux mixture. Some of the trees were sprayed only twice, namely May 19th and June 8th; others four times, April 26th, May 19th. June 8th, and June 22nd ; and yet othe-i sii times, April 26th, May 19th, June 8th and 22nd, July 13th and August 1st. On April 26th the buds were swollen almost ready to burst, on May 19th a few blossoms still remained on the trees, on June 22nd the young apples were set. At this date Paris greeu was added to the Bordeaux mixture, and used in this and all sub- sequent sprayings. The proportion of Paris green was equivalent to one pound m two hundred and fifty six gallons of water, or two and a half ounces to the fourty gallons of Bordeaux mixture. The apples weie gathered about the middle ot September, the fruit from each tree piled by itself, and divided into three grades ; the first of entirely fancy fruit, only strictly first class apples put into it • the second of symmetrical and even large apples of good color, if several even small, spots could be found on their surfaces ; the third averaged as good as the ordinary barrelling apples of the country. From the trees sprayed only twice, 55 per cent, were first grade, 43 per cent second, and 2 per cent, third ; with 11 per cent, wormy. It will be remembered that the trees sprayed only twice received their spray- ings before the codling moth would have laid many, if any, eeaa The trees sprayed four times gave 53 per cent, firs't grade, 46 per cent, second, 1 per cent, third, with 6 per cent, wormy. Those sprayed six times yielded 76 per cent, first grade, 19 per cent, second and 5 per cent third, with 4 per c( nt. wormy. The trees left with- out spraying, for the sake of comparison, gave 25 per cent, first grade 50 per cent, second, 19 per cent, third, with 9 per cent, wormy' The gam from two spr«vings was 120 per cent , from four was 112 per cent., from six 2'^ ^r cent, of strictly first class fancy fruit. The apples were subsequently sold, consisting of 65 barrels the buyer graded them thus : 59 barrels firsts, 4^ seconds, and U thirds • that IS, he made 91 per cent, firsts, 7 per cent, seconds, and 2 per cent, thirds; whereas Mr. Lodeiaan makes his highest percentage g«d«l^ l.y the buyer, mdicte. the high sUndard of Mr. Ldemk„" of ™SeZ''o?'wh'ioh"°Zt° of'^'h '"°? '"°'""" "■' "" -""'P'W'y petent person to prepare the maS 1 ,1, ' """i . "•«»«"'« a com- the machinerr The .m„«L ^^r 'j ° ""! V»}"»K. "<• "are for an orchard onarJeannkTL '?,""' '"^""^ '" »«'™»''y ^"7 ^tre,; .e„ ^VnTbrLtoirto" IraK™? 'Ztt""-'"^' thor^gh,, ,p a. , J, oL°f'„nSX'"„: . re^Tn'adt '"""• "» .taXwr, r.;rt::r^t%o'Xr '°,?"^ -"Sethefmu hJve been aUowS Vr^neh^eLriT ZXftr^"?« '"'™ .pple.«ab f„„g„a spoils the appleTbut by it^Zt ."ntrft"' S" leaves weakens the trees, so that the frnit„f^ >njiiry to the scabby, does not attain iti Ml S*e Nor 7. .r^*.,-'""'"" ^"^ only insect i,^uriou8 to the orcWd ZfZ "^W worm the tu.»ck o.oth,^he yellow-nXtd ,^]t 'KTerSrs S" canker-worms, the leaf-rollpr fi,« i «* ij ^ ,. °**®'P"lars, the tZ than the facfS-^t iTclTno' "XVrSwaliL tu^^^ r'f "'; SDrav our unnle orch'-i«d- ->- * nrsc-ciaas fruit if we do not while .•'i 19 STRAWBERRY CULTURE By W. W. Hilborn. Leamington, Ont. It is doubtful whether there is a farm in Hn^o • berries cannot be grown Drofitablv fnr f ", *"° T ''^'''^ "^'aw. thousands of farn,f rs thaf do Srow hern^ T'-^^ ^"" '^^^ "^e case, as they can be grown with L H^Ti! f V. ^'"V^°"'d not be the berries ripen during thrhelt of eil v - '° """? ^''P^"'"- ^''*^- enclosure this is true All thlLlPu^^V"!'"'. ^^^^ ^^ » ga'-den or at a tinie when thr^rt s^busy wi h tle'r "'^ '"'^l' ""^^^^^ farm he cannot attend to the st^wSy patch *^'^^^^^^ T'^'r *^« able place for the strawberry plTntatS lu^h ^""u^^T °^ * «"''' success or failure of it. e7pS f r^h/i? *"" ^"''V^ ^° "^'^^ *he has but little help, and caSafford SL r'"^ 7'*^*^* '*'^'°«' t^** care. This class ot farmer are v«,l *'°'® *° «'^« ^^^"^ P'-oper of this paper to mrkMTe leth J 7 °"?«''°"« ^'^d it is the purport many 45 do not now groTthe strlwhll"'' so easy and simp^le fhat at least enough for family use ''"''^'"y ''^^ ^e induced to. grow Soil. for^Z:trt'>^A?a'^^^^^^^^^^^ answer loam. Avoid if possible a ^HffL *°, ^^ Preferred, next, a sandy will be experiencK makini a Wvvt^ "• "^"^^ '"^''^ ^'ffi<=«'ty any land that has beenTn sol or ni? ^°""°"l '°"- ^'^^ «void white grub is the most destr'^clive L^^ * ''""^*''' °* y«»^«- The growing the atmwberry ' It t usJaUy fo'^nT 7k ^*"« *« ^^'^^ '^ bers in the soil that ha^ recently Cn^ ^ '"^ ^^® «''®»*e8* »"«»■ clover sod that has W bTone^r^uIro^;^r^^ '" ^°f ^ soil 18 not naturally rich it will no w^^ • "^'^ answer. If the yard manure or commerc !l fe rtS™ ^^'^^ /^ «!> ^i'h either bam- either naturally or byXSrainint """'^ ^'*^°«'* Location. Select some convenient ay to cultivate, T7A ^ J place where you will • So„„ „ „- -, . ■ 20 in a few minutes when you have been cultivatinj and oaitivator .^ « »«„ unuuboa wueu you nave oeen cuttivatiuff corn, potatoes or other vegetables and never miss the time ; while if they were planted in some out of the waj place they would often ao without cultivation until the weeds got such a start that they could afterwards be cleaned out and cared for only with great difficulty. This IS often the cause of failure. It is preferable to select a piece of land sufficiently large *o admit of future plantings along one side. Prkpabation of the Soil. If a clay or sandy loam or a one year old clover sod, it should be well ploughed in the autumn. If a light sandy loam, plough in early spring. After ploughing, top work the spil thoroughly in the spring as Roon as the weather and the condition of the soil will permit. Cultivate deep with a two-horse cultivator and harrow down smooth. If the soil requires manure, apply well rotted barn- yard nianure just before cultivating and harrowing. The manure should be well mixed with the top soil but not plowed under. A stiff, heavy loam may have an application of coarse barn-yard man- ure in tli() fall before plowing. If the soil is stiff or heavy, it should be trenched up m the autumn by turning two furrows together forming a sharp ridge as when prepared for carrots or other roots! When thus exposed to the action of the frost a comparatively heavy soil Will work down fine and mellow in the spring and give good results. Oare must be taken, however, never to stir such soil when wet, either with plow, hoe or cultivator. Surface drains should be made to take off surplus water quickly. Planting. This should be done as early in the spring as the soil can be prepared as directed above. Mark off the rows with a corn marker about four feet apart. If a marker is not at hand stretch a cord to plant by Take pains to have the rows straight and of equal distance apart. It adds to the appearance of the plot, and time is saved in 5? <;"^VT*^^°"- ^'•ocure plants of the previous year's growth, trim off- all old runners and dead leaves and shorten the roots to about four inches. Keep the plants moist and where the wind cannot reach them while out of the ground. This can easily be done by placing them in a pail or box and covering slightly with soil and taking them out only as fast as required for planting. When planting make a hole with h spade crosswise of the mark and deep enouirh to admit the roots without doubling them up. This is quickly done bv •hoving the spade straight down and pushing it backward two or three inches. Take the plant in the left hand, spread out the roots fan shaped, place the crown on a level with the surrounding soil fill in and work the soil well in among the roots and press so firmly that by firivmsr a quick ierk on a l«af if. w'H V»r««>i' nF '"ifi-M-f --- ^« plant. * luUivating ; while if d often go ;hey could difficulty, a piece of ue aide. should be plough in ily in the soil will I harrow ted barn- ) manure nder. A ard man- it should together, er roots, ly heavy :ive good oil when bould be 1 can be marker t cord to distance saved in th, trim out four Dt reach placing I taking planting lOugh to done by two or be roots soil, fill aly that ^iug the ■■ 21 Cultivation. As soon as the weed seeds start to grow and appear above ground, cultivation should begin. A fine-toothed cultivator is the best, atir the soil frequently to a depth of about two inches, especially during the early part of the season. Oare must be taken not to atir the soil immediately around the plant or injury will result. Cut oft all the blossoms and first runners until the plants have sufficient strength to send out several strong runners at once, (which is usually m July) when these may be allowed to take root. The soil between u ?i*u^* "^ ^^^ ""^^ ^^^^ cannot be worked with the cultivator should be hoed oat as soon as the weed seeds start to grow. At this time a steel garden rake will often do the work better and more quickly than a hoe. If the weeds are allowed to grow until they are two or three inches high before hoeing more than double the labor will, be required, and the results will not be so good. Mulching. As soon as the ground freezes in the autumn sufficiently hard to prevent horses and waggon from breaking through the c.ust, a mulch should be applied. This may consist of coarse manure, wheat or rye straw or marsh hay. Most of the material should be placed between the rows with just enough immediately over the plants to nearly coyer them from sight. In early spring, as soon as growth begins, rake the mulch from off the plants and leave it between the rows. If the mulch is left on the plants for a time after they becin to grow. It causes a soft weakly growth of plant that will not produce Kkepino up the Plantation. This is often the most difficult problem to solve in strawberry cul- ture on the farm. The usual practice has been to plant out a plot and give good care the first season ; result, a fine crop of fruit, with a promise that the strawberry patch shall be cleaned out and cultivated aa soon as the fruit is off. This, however is rarely done ; after the Jruit ha^ been gathered we do not expect any more until next season. Ibe ground gets too dry to cultivate and the haying and harvesting fw •? ^ ,f "®"f ^'i *?• The strawberry patch thea gets a promise that It s^ball be cleaned out early the following spring. When spring fuT-1 *;"® »'^°,° *,"*^ ''■^'■'"^ "*^'® ^"<^^ * strong liold among the plants that It 18 usually decided to let them go without any attention. With this treatment, at the end of the third season the plants will gener- ally be so exhausted that but little fruit is produced and the young plants seldom possess that vigor required for starting another planti^ tion successfully. *^ ■"^*»-"*saw«si«,»: 22 .nd :!:^zz:::^z:::'^^xi^ or .0. ,on,. .., .,„•„, average family, and if a .electinn Z ^f » "I'Jicient supply for an theseasonof rpeninin^ay beexLnlT.'^V''*'''^ ""^ lHt«\arietie. planution can be pu* ouf every InH" ^'"' °'"-' '''""' "^ "^"^ time than would bS required tn T ^ ""'^ f ''^^ 'o"" ^'^^ much leag method a supply of 8^^ h«luK ''. °"^ ^^' °'^ °"«- With thi. replanting-rVo.fimpTrtfnf Sin^r^ can always be had for A plantation can h^lo^ttoZl^^^^^^^^'^'^"'^^^^ cultivation, you will obtain\h«l i- \^r*'°"^ '«*«°" without any in • /avoible smon nui^'^a 1 '*' *'"'^. ^""o™ '^is old plot, and objection to allow.W thrptntatlTto^"*"" -^ ,°' ''• The'^greatest that it so often ha,.,* ns that * „! ? T '"?"" '*"• » "^^'ond crop is. old one is left for 1 'second crop ThlT'"'''' '' ""t' ^* °"'' ^^ ^^^e ^r a future supply of l"th ffi knd plan'r* '" *''"^'°" '««*«"^ SblkCTION op VARIETfRS. '^t'^e^^r^Z:ZT.Z^^^ 'i^'' -">d - believe seldom do we find oha n?K ' l^. ^'J"®' *" o**>«'' ^^inds. But how ja valuable L alrof Vh;r';eW^'*^^ varieties that proved have a local reputatL and nrTi '^f^t^'''^'- J^*«/of them localities suited to rheTrwint^ It i/;;r^'' Z'^^ '^'"''^^ ^•'^ in varieties that will do Tqually well in all ^^Vr' ^f ^« » "«* ^^ neighbor that succeeds with ceTta n tini *''^'''. " ^^^ ^'^^^ » own, it is usu Jly safer to olant Vb« * ""^ """'^ «"iJ *<> 70ur givebetterresult^sttnt^trttLw^^^^^^^^ ?.*»"-■" 8«°-a»y have been laud.d by the dissemTnltlr n ' °"*Jf^''**°'^ """^^ tb >/ new sorts in a small way but ?hT«!^ Occasionally it is well to tj, afford to experiment. '"°'"^ ^^ ^"'^ *« those who cau *'ore:ri;'3Z':d?Bt^^^ -er a large area and latefkbaclTpT Wi llSn ,B?W ' f ''^'•'^^ ^^^ ^ ^'o' ' ^^^^ I^vett (B.). Will- iVfi \ TK ^' Woolverton B), Saunders (B ) feet floier/ng vaL:\ ^^hos^'rot^t 1^'^ ^" ^'T-^ ^ P- are marked thus^ i^ - 4 ,1, 7on P'*^'""« o*" "«perfect blossoms tliree or four roi.. ,! - a ' 'L!?; fT,?^ **»« ^0'''n«r with every attentionof farmer. ^.,ZT>X„w^^^''"® ^^^"^ properly. The to this fact. MTny or our Zf^u -^ ^'^r" " «P««»»J directed •narked P.) have on?y rnerffo^hT'^^ ^''"^"^'^"^^^••^^berries^those fruit they^must^t: Z^^riuT^;^ tl!^- ^^^ ^o p/oduc" a •— « "iciii, or near by, other 28 "oin.of tho other plants ^ P^"*"" ^'^ ^*'*' imperfect hloi- Tfc. V c.n be .ciied upon fofei hert.^r* '"^ ''^"^ '■°"'- ^""'»P»rt- i^'ibarh baa aiv«n »l , "^ *^''"«V>'"»e use or market. ^'rst early on liaht >oil and cLoJ^T^ ."^ " ?«»•''»?« t»>e bent, and Saunder. fuoceed^'Tt onTrrn/rieb '"^T'* ^T'""- ^^^^'verton vat,on win give a crop of fru." tut fa diLn '/"^ ^'^^ «°°^ «"''*- of fruit or quantity. The f,uit J^ .V .i ?'.' ^^ *"1'"*' ^'''^^r ^^ size good qualit) and ^uitetnlZ:; Ur^. ttJt''' "*""" °°'°^' «' Phocl'bino Plants. Procure plants from your own vioinif» if ties. If not. send to some reliable firm^ti.r". '*" «"' ""'^^^'^ ^»rie- plants to pay for good and careful na?w; 'n*'*'' '"°"«'> 'o"" ^h«r any price and ..suflly result !n fljll Jre '^^ ^°"' »^'*^^ »••« d^*^' at Growino for Local Market. would pay some farmer in the Sitv t. "''.^^ '/ '^^ °*«« >* luarket. Beirin in a sm^ I » ^'cinity to grow them for the local to the conditfons an5 wants ^JTb^fJ^;;" ^^ "^''^^^ "^^^^ "^dapM the field will always brrj^ra hit • ^'^^i Strawberries fresh fVom shipped in by trai^ Tblre 1 L^^^^^^^^ cannot be grown in suffcientlanW. -.''''"' **•«''« strawberries proper methods of culth^rn^^ 7^^^^^^ «"PP'^ ^^e demand, if *> i 25 PLUM CULTURE' By G. W. Cline, Winona, Ont. iJrlZ 7t& Vovinr wr?H *°° °'^^? ^•^^^'^^'^^^ '^ ^^« apple, the plum can be Lwn ^^ exception of pe.baps the other fruitTTL ad va„ti.«r .^7 '*'"^ «"^ ^^^^P^^ than any fold : In the first place C f f ^^'"'""5 ^^ ^»^""« Pl»"^« «re two^ benefit from the use^lf the frurji^,'*"? ^'''7. ^'^ P'«««"r« -°d fall, and also whrcaLned t p^^^^^^^^^^ in summer and and spring. In anv of th^^J f I } S*" °^ "^®^ »» ^ nter palata'bleLd wVZol^t tr^^ In"*tU" "T ?^^^«^°*' plun is one of the most profiteble fZ?*'. t ? '^''°°? P'**^®' *^« small consioeration FoMhet rl!? °' T"^^*' ^"^^ ^^^« " "« plum orchard, smaH or We at hT^Tr •"'^ ^^''^'' ^'^^"^^ »»*^« » , uj«u or large, as fais experience may suggest. Soil, Preparation and Planting. Any good, dry soil will grow nlums Tf nn^ a,„ j • ., , with tile or stone at least 2A or i fctf a ^'^•' **'"*''' *^« ^a»»d slab will do in case the othti^af • , ^^^^' ^^ P'°« P°^«« ^ith a will do well on all 80^^^ thrr l^! "*^^»^»"*We. Plums clays, by plantinfthe prXt; var'eLs* a'' T^".''' *^/ ^^"^^''^ is better than low land as the^rll- f " u****®,"" ^^®^**®^ situation likely to be afffecled by ll snr nlf r°^ ^ •^'^^^^^ «''« ^"^ «o ing. if the soil a heavy clay sod TS l.\ T^r^^ ^°' P^'^^*' ridges in August and to SrrowrelHnl/'- '° ^Ir ^^ ^^^^^ the ridge with the plow deeDTnrl f f!-""^' ^*^®^ ^P®'^ o«t bottom of the furrow aLnlowthp^^-.K' f "'°« °"fc. P'ant in the rotting sod will h dp t^fce so^^^ *h« soil, where the land will no? hill 1? ° ^- ,^°'' sa^^y-or loamy is ti plow and leave 7he furrow usi'wL?/ P^°"'°^' '^' ""''' ^^^ trees, and plant as abnv« T ik- ^ ^^^ '^^'^^ ^^ur row of number of tU'ra t^.^a'^^p '.t ,T°'pr.l» f? «.'"«« cultivated there should be no loi if if. T ■* ??''?"??« •■'■I drouth muloh with ooawe, strawy manure b„tdT ? ""=""«' "> down by the roots, a, that washes^hTsT^r tt Z.'^:! ZZ • 26 more harm than sooii n^t !«ake a thin u, or far of fine Zf °^«* '^' ^°"»? ^^^es it is well to jn order to keep them moTst do not r'^K^^^l ^^ '^' ^^2 Tnto it to the sun or win,i t i ' ^°'' keep the fibrnno ««^4. "^""» they .hould be inolme/toZf the ""^ ""'' "P ''"ight, Ind « Md pres8 them over. WIim 1.^ 7'°?^ "«? bank up with e.rt l! ^ -H they cannot be h™.,ht bioTt'-at'L; t' a^^t i*xI6 18 better. Amonif these itff!^ • ^°''® spreading growers plenty ot roL, Z^^^^ ^2 S;.' '' »"■" ^^^ «'" 'tS OOIT,VAT,ON OP THE 0«OHA,„. account of the trees not fruiting '^^ *' ^*"^ ^^^^ ^^'^her troubTe o^^ Varieties. wmnnf .^ ^^®'^'"'**''Je to your own snf^ o i ^^^''* ^"'^ moat will not be disappointed aaa e "'^".^O" and conditions Ami ^^, fL'^l,''?"' "'° ™'»™ along art^^l'?' °° ''°' "k" the .dv^! of fr«.t. Do not buy morl t4~ .tr^'ort:"? """"'« ™"«S % list of plum, for my „„„ T T. ""'' "•"' ™™'y- """.ern p„t of the ProSL°?nd'r^ifV.trth "" """«' nortfieru portion, tl a! f€ it fe ^f^^H i is well to ots into it, ts exposed ke prevail - ht. and if 'ith earth very hard )ver with a upright (ot most growers Seedling, Victoria, ve them >es, and Br when o grass ley are :ain or ivation ble on 98 are most dyou r, but vary ''here ating ivice such sent Buy- 3ties J^- the ion, 27 P-S: tS^J^^^^^^^ Niagara, Duanne's Superb, McLaughlin. Lombard & ^""^r ' ^'•'^*°«' H^l^ng's Quackenbos, Yellow E^GermAnP ^f^h^ft Glass's Seedlinir The above are for cW t ZT,?;^' 7\f'^' ^'*"^« ^e Bavery. good bearers. For a Tandy soil wW^ht a" are good growers and best for plunks, I would su^ DuaniL P TT'^^^^ *« *he Washington, Huling's Supib McLaS t^'^I^' ^""P^"*' ^age, ling, Reine Claude de Baveryknd te P i'/^'^^*''''' ^^^««'« Seed- to the above are many morj wortS trvin° r ^l"^' ^^ '"'^^^'^^^ experiment with varieties, su^h as C^uL n^^^'^'l ""^^ ^*^« *« Gage. Genii, Jefferson, Fellembur^ ShL ?'"^' .?"*^'-'« ^^"ow Bamson, Grand Duke. SaratolF^Iu ^r-^J^^f^ ^"^^^ Shropshire of Wales, Red Egg Ws^n^f n u ' J''^°"*' ^^'^- ^and. Prince Bingham, St. La^Lt. Kro, £ C^'/^r^'^ ^«"°^ C! Agen and Abundance. ' ''""'°^ Egg, Canada, Orleans, Prune de The Use of Fertilizers. tha/soltrJSstuTdtSi^r^^^^ *^« «-*-* -stance of the nitrogen it contains. irp?Sbabiv ^hlYT k™"^""*^' on account meal are generally required when tffi u ^^?'' ^"' *'h«« and bone dition, and these^ m2y each brannlief ^f ^^^^^ ^^ ^"" ^^^^'^g °on pounds an acre. Some soils sucW- f *?® '*'® °^ »bout 200 full of potash, and con e^^nUy r'^^lTn'f ' -P^^ "^*«^«' ^^e phate(or bone), and to use ashes T If .^n 7 nitrogen and phos- throwing them away Butin?h« such land would be simple there is plenty of sorrel grow n, the' IT^' ?^ ^f'^ «°"«' ^^^ ashes should be applied toTw^etf; it pfZ'^ '' ?" "*««' ^'^^ <^»»e to bear well under neglect, but that 11 V"^'' t*^" ^«^ ^^^^^^ .rich and there was no blaok tw ^as where the new soil was all this is changed and r'o' ^n^^Tr/r 'T'''"'' '^«"'- ^"- do not neglect to give the best If c!re t f }i:.'\P'^^'^}>^- orchard, or otherwise black-knot, bark sun^S iT^tTZt^^ilZ^'' Black-knot. was going'^io b^e^niy^^^^^^^^ "'^Z ^'^'r *8° *^** ^ ^^^^o^ght 1 the knot and burnina TtLpH^'^'"' ^ ^'^'^'^^nced cutting off and February or ^ h--w^went tU/^^^^^ ''"^^' ^^P^^-^^^r ^^^^.•^'^«d it well with nitrogen :?lpfe«'^._*^« °!«hard, and also revivea where nearly dead'^and'' J fK^ «"« and potash. Trees few cases of black A an/they tf haJSTLt' ' '*^^ '"* 28 The Rot. iJ1orsoL%::jJ «T7„<^--e, and it has been increase mixture and sulpC;and I \Tso'pl"ko&''^,^^ ? "^^'^ «-<^"^"" them or burying them deep in the fi-ronnf f ',?*'«« ^ruit. scalding jemedy but I ^ould like tVhave 8t« 1 al/h ^'^'''' *^'« " ^^^^ best finally deciding. My plan of on! Jf u *?®' '®*«°°« t"al before arnmoniacal solution^before theT*Jr ^"' ^'"^ "« ^°"°^« = Apply bh«8om. Bordeaux mixture two o" thTr °"' ''^ ^!'^' *'^^°' ^^^e^ phur in the trees about the time of r pe^ L'"°'^V'^^^ *^'°^'"g ««1- think plum rot is caused by a worm Tn^« ^"^ "^ «°™« ^^o true, as the plum is first stuL r^the o^r f-^'^'l? extent this is fungus being at hand, the root attacks fbrf'' '.*^ «P°^^« ^^ ^he rot has fully developed the worm hi I IT*' *°^ ^^ *^^« "^e the and is taken as the^ cause Tf tL 't I w 'l.'^'I .'"*° *^« P'""^* plums to closely look after aJl rot Jnd Ir^^ *^'> S'^''^'' ^^ fast as they can be found rotting and inThl""^"'^ ^^''''^ P'""" ^ only for that season, but make ^' b«?fl?f .^^ '*^« ^^^ «^op not ceeding year. ^® '* ^^"^r for the orchard in the suc- Insect Enemies. it ajptr rbra^^^^^^^^ S: ^-^-J^^^'^^ --.and ounces to 40 gallons of waTer sprnve^^on^'^J'^^" ^""« S''^^"' » blossoms are all gone. Do not sp?I7befor« ^i ^ .' ' "'"'' *^*^^ ^^'^ be of no use whatever. After th^^JZ ^^^ ^'^^' «*« '^ ^i" then ^tervaJIs of a week or tenllys if no considl^Kr''^^ 'P^-^^ ««*« ** fellen, but if heavy rain occura Inrar^f* *^^^*'"°"°' °^ rain has often as six times duriLre8"asonith'''''i. ^ ^"^^^ «P^Ved aj trees or foliage. When^comingTthrbottr^ ^f1 resulting to the sometimes found that the solutln ^! .T °^ **»« '^^"«J ^e have of the leaves have beerscorched b^ne^t ^''^^^ *«^ *»"»* «ome age the tree for future beaX Bec!Z^''^T''%''' ^ ^' da*"- «reen. 2)o not guess, as somf men mor« « ^"^ • n''«^ ^^"^ P«»"8 mchned to do. Few men-have an accurate idefoT"^ ''"P'"^^^^' ^^« battling with the curculio Paris gr" en hi "!f ^^ ^'S'^*- ^^ with me, and far ahead of the old S^ /^ • ^'^'"''^^ '"^^t elective tried both methods, but fL twe ve^^ears hr""^*' ' ''''' ^ ^^^' the arsenite. The canker-worm is InoSi \"*'i ^r'^' »>"* used by Paris green when sprS L ?K ^'t ^^'""^ " al«o killed injurious worms are alsoSSrCS S th^''"""^' ^""^ ""^^^ ^'^er aphis, howflvp.. ;a uj. . "^s^royed m the same way. Tho „-„.- •V . . "terras are also destrovfld in fi,» ' ""*°J' oi^ner aphis, howflvp,. ;auj. . "^s^royed m the same way. The "-aa„ ;<.7. 1, fi . ' '" '^^v^niM very bad an if io u j / --'"s'^jen ita habit 18 to work on the under side of IL i V^ J^ P* **' "^«« and largely proteofi, if. w^- °u7. ^''^® °J *^e ^eaf, which curls over emulsion, and protects I> 29 • ' whenever it touches them they are kill«rl t ^ power sprayer on Ihem last season but wH. / "f.^ ""^^^ *^« ^^^^ barrel on the stone-boat thi? c„ " *'7 ^'^e knapsack or a trees and thus get all of thet covered" '" '' '' ''' close ^underth^ MABKBTtNG. alJ^ste^ I have IB, all that are finely colored but n-^ ^1"'^^*'^*' ^'^ "pe ; that ^^'^f/J'ome prefer 8-quartbasketranH V ^^'^ ^^^ ^^'quart should be arranged ahead as mS as nliS'^ to o^j ^^^.^^ same trees for from three to six davs !Z ^' ^"^ ^''^ ^^ ^he best to market. Many growers 2k tU^ ""T^ '"^^ '^^^ ^ut the of ripening, and pick all^at oTce^nutt nr ^^T' ' ^«^^ ^^^^^ nothing but a miserable apologT^oi-^a nZ ..'^'* '^.^'^'' ^^^^ " not fit to eat. It is a shame, fnd certaSv 'a 1' f'"'' ^^^°« '"^^"^ business point of view, to pit nlumTon fi, ^'^*.* °^''*»^« f'-o™ a condition as to be unfit toCuse? Yo„ "^^^k^t /n so green a well if you pick them too green if I " h?""°' '"".^''"^ ?>"«»« customers to take your plums aend /h« f ? '^°"''^^ "° »-«g"lar mission man (and there are ^a^y^f them? T '" * ^«»*bie com- upon to do the very best for an^Tuafl/abletu^s t^er'^ '^'^'^'^ -X — - — ~:'^V'^' 30 FRUIT STATISTICS of Industries.) ^ *''^ Department of AgriculfcureXBareau Apple Treks. Lake Erie Lake Huron Georgian Bay...." West Midland..,." Lake Ontario !*• f j?)l^^?°<'^ "n'l Ottawa -tiast Midland ... Northern Districts The Province. Pear Trees. 1,296,335 800,837 500,747 1,164,110 1,993,891 786,100 373,917 17,426 409,771 249,856 242,374 292,200 447,905 316,937 153,799 31,839 6,933,363 2.144,681 "^7;^ Lake Erie Lake Huron '. Georgian Bay West Midland....".' Lake Ontario ' * St. Lawrence and Ottawa.' East Midland Northern Districts. .'..'. The Pro\ ince . PtOM Trees. 134,047 16,975 22,486 72,803 211,702 20,830 12,071 838 Lake Erie Lake Huron '.',"] Georgian Bay "West Midland .■.'.■■■"' Lake Ontario * " ' " _" St. Lawrence and Ottawa" East Midland . Northern Districts " ' The Province. 84.617 27,246 33,253 48,625 294,560 16,877 9,834 1,153 521,752 56.230 82,400 66,617 37,766 85,502 80,002 I'aI^ 22,414 ___M77^ 7,589 682.561 I 680^ 1,264,495 751,637 450,135 1,097,843 1,961,607 750,621 346,407 15,235 121,224 45,216 17,474 61,929 205,976 19,199 14,045 213 48,538 59,129 93,962 62,943 225,181 130,732 30,041 8,933 669,464~ 459,296 254,074 223,953 308,063 460,617 309,334 162,896 32,711 2,200,944 92,918 28,137 32,566 46,045 273,788 14,383 10,992 ''85,276 499,612 79,291 40,306 85,120 74,317 332,743 38,970 24,864 7,814 683^415" #?■ 31 FRUIT STATISTW8.^Continue