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LABORATORY 
 
 or TBK 
 
 INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT 
 
 OTTAWA. CANADA 
 
 BULLETIN No. 350 
 
 FEED FLOUR 
 
 10478—1 
 
NOTES AND TOMMT ^S. 
 
 Under this heading, as occa8ion arises, the Bulletins issued by this Depart- 
 ment will contain, as an appendix, such comment as may seem necessary or 
 advisali upon matters relating to the work of the Department in connection 
 with the administration of the Adulterfttion Act, the Fertilizers Act, the Feeding 
 Stuffs Act or the Proprietary Medicines Act. 
 
 It frequently happens that correspondents ask information regarding the 
 
 above Aits, of such a nature that the matter in question possesses general 
 
 interest, and comment upon it would prove acceptable and useful to others 
 
 than the immediate questioner. In such cases the reply may find a place in 
 
 these columns. For convenience of reference these notes will be numbered in 
 
 Bcries. 
 
 A. McGILL, 
 
 Chief Anolysl. 
 
LABORATORY 
 
 OP THK 
 
 INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT 
 OTTAWA, CANADA 
 
 BULLETIN No. 350 
 
 FEED FLOUR 
 
 J. TJ. Vincent, Esq., 
 
 Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. 
 
 Ottawa, November 2, 1918. 
 
 Sn«, — I beg to hand you a report upon 170 camples of feeds, purchased under the 
 iiume of Feed Flour. 
 
 This inspection has been rendered necessury in consequence of certain features of 
 the oyeratibn of the Feeding Stuffs Act of 1909, These features were brought to your 
 notici in my introductory letter published with Bulletin No. 311 (April, 1916). Briefly, 
 tf V. , •* 1-ecapitulated as follows : — 
 
 > ch bear names of definite and distinctive character, are permitted to be 
 s . registration, because standards can be fixed for such feeds uiider Section 
 
 S6 u > / Jialteration Act. 
 
 The recognition of this class of feeds finds justification in the fact that all the 
 smaller mills possess local markets for Bran, Shorts and Chop, as defined under our Act, 
 and it is usual for farmers to buy direct from the mills. There is usually little or 
 no accumulation of these feeds at the mill, the whole output being sold as produced. 
 It would be an evident hardship were the miller required to keep distinct his product 
 from each shipment of grain, and to furnish a guarantee of value with the sale. Such 
 procedure would necessitate an increase in price to the consumer, end would not find 
 favour with the farming community in whose interest the Act is framed. Experience 
 gained since 1910 is decidedly favourable to recogrnition of a class of feeds of this kind ; 
 although the temM and standards fixed by Order in Council of May 1, 1911 (published 
 as Circular G. 90S) have been found to be unsatisfactory in several particulars. 
 
 Objections have been pointed out in Bulletins 254 and 311 — and consequent upon 
 these facts and others brought into notice through extended correepondenoe, it was 
 considered desirable to invite comment by all parties interested, with a view to such 
 amendment as might be found necessary. 
 
 In August of last year, a Circular (G. 1200) was e^ensively distributed through 
 the kindness of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, and through our own Food 
 Inspectors. 
 
 10478— 1 J 
 
Suggestions have been re<fived from several ot the larger tnilliug companies and 
 from a few of the smaller luillors, but, upon the whole, it is felt that the subject has 
 elicited lesn interest than its importance deaerret. 
 
 Unaer the name of Special Shorts, or Choice Shorts, or Feed Flour or Low Grade 
 Flour an article containing very nearly the same proteid and fat value as normal 
 •horts, but a decided'y lower percentage of fibre, is offered. This variety is richer In 
 starchy content than normal shorts, and is whiter in colour. Although ita nutritive 
 Take is but slightly, if at all, higher than that of normal shorte, it commands a higher 
 price, probably because of its appearance rather than for any other reason. 
 
 At a meeting of the Dominion Millers' Aasociation held in Toronto on February 
 84, 1916, the present standards for the class of feeds now under consideration were 
 discussed ; and, amoung other btisiness, a resolution was unanimously passed approving 
 of the practical equivalency of the terms Shorts and Middlings, and recognizing the 
 fairness of existing standards for this article. 
 
 It was however considered desirable and proper that an article generally known as 
 Feed Flour, should be distinguished from Shorts; and the general impression prevailed 
 that considerable latitude in the composition of this feed should be permitted. In order 
 to obtain data for defining feed flour it was agreed that a collection of samples sold 
 under this name should be made at an early date. 
 
 The samples herein reported were purchased in ^'tiy and June of this year, for the 
 purpose of establishing the nature of Feed Flour b» sold in Canada. 
 
 Of 170 samples collected by our inspectors, under the namo Feed Flour, 45 samples 
 practically meet requirements for Shorts (Middlings) and must be regarded as such. 
 The outstanding feature in the article known as Feed Flour is its low content of 
 fibre; and while frequently sold as Special Shorts or Choice Shorts, it is in reality a 
 low grade flour. It usually commands a higher price than shorts proper, and appears 
 to be regarded as superior to shorts, its superiority consisting in its whiter colour, its 
 fineness, and its flour-like appearance. It usually shows a lower fat content than shorts, 
 but its protein content is nearly equal to that of shorts. 
 
 It will be observed that I have excluded from the Feed Flour class all samples 
 giving a higher fibre content than 2 p<>r cent. From a large number of samples of 
 flour examined by the Bureau of Chemistry, Washington, and reported in Bulletin 13, 
 part 9, the following averages are taken : — 
 
 Patent Wheat flour (40 samples), crude fibre 0-21 percent. 
 
 Common Market flour (19 samples), crude fibre 0-28 " 
 
 Bakers' and family (14 samples), crude fibre 0-22 " 
 
 Mean 0-24 " 
 
 In whole wheat flour, ground from the grain inclusive of its husk (bran) the 
 crude fibre may amount to a little over 2 per cent; but all the samples now reported 
 were evidently ground from the grain after removal of the bran; or the bran had been 
 separatcl by bolting after grinding; and it is to a product closely resembling ordinary 
 flour that the term Feed Flour is evidently intended to apply. Of the 125 samples 
 now reported, 63 contain less than 1 per cent fibre; and 30 samples contain less than 
 0-5 per cent. 
 
 Fat Content. 
 
 Between 1 and 2 per cent fat 23 samples. 
 
 " 2 " 3 " ■47 " 
 
 « 3 « 4 " 44 " 
 
 Above 4 per cent 10 
 
^m 
 
 Protkin Content. 
 
 Above 18 per cent protein 6 sample*. 
 
 Between 17 and 18 per cent protein 6 " 
 
 " 16 « 17 " "si 
 
 " IB " 18 « ; 23 
 
 " 14 " 15 " 26 
 
 " 13 « 14 " 16 
 
 " 12 " 13 " 18 « 
 
 " 11 " 12 " 6 « 
 
 " 10 « 11 « 3 « 
 
 Below 10 per cent protein 1 « 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to add that no vital weed seeds were found in any of these 
 samples. The fineness of grinding precluded the possibility of this. 
 
 If it be rtsked whether in riew of the data now reported, the Department wouH be 
 justified in recognising Feed Flour as a distinct article from Shorts or Middlings, 
 I must confew to some hesitation in arriving at a decision. 
 
 If the point be conceded, it would seem reasonable to require Feed Flour to 
 approximate in composition to ordinary flour, in which case the subjoined sUndards 
 would apply : : 
 
 ^o>«t™e not to exioeed 136 percent. 
 
 "oteida « legg than 10-0 
 
 Fat " " j.o K 
 
 ^'^'*- • " more than 1-6 " 
 
 The suggested standards are based on the composition of flours of a low grade 
 such as might naturally be looked for in flour oflfered for sale as a cattle food. With 
 a single exception (No. 5725) all the samples reported would meet such a standard. 
 
 The alternative mode of treating these feeds would be to require Ihem to be 
 marketed as registered feed, and sold on the basis of guaranteed value. Manv of them 
 so considerably exceed the minimum values suggested as standards for Feed Flours, 
 that it would doubtless be to the advantage of the banufacturer to adopt this method, 
 and sell them as r^stered feeds. 
 
 Whether or not the convenience to manufacturer and to consumer would out- 
 weigh the loss to the manufacturer incurred by selling as feed flour an article greatly 
 exceeding suggested standard requirements for this article, is matter for the considera- 
 tion of both parties. 
 
 I beg to recommend publication of this report as Bulletin No. 350. 
 
 I have the honour to be, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 A. McGIU,, 
 
 Chief Analyti. 
 

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