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Laa diagrammaa auivanta illustrant la mithode. - 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 m atoeon meumoM tht omit (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2) |U m |u ■ 2.2 ■■■ SI L& |2jO k u bbH 1 11.8 1.4 it 1.6 A ^^PPLIED IN/MGE Inc 1653 Edit Main 5tr««t Roch«tttr, H%m Yort U609 USA (718) ♦aZ - 0300 - Phofw (716) 2S8-»S9-Fax S OEOROE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 38a A. lots THE AGE AND GROWTH OF THE POLLOCK THE BAY OF FUNDY By Rofeisor JAMES W. MAVOE. Ph.D.. Union College. Schenectady. N.Y. (With One Diagram). OTTAWA J. IX LABROQCBRIE TACHI?; PRINTER TO THE KINGS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1918 J3:Jti5— lE a acoROE V SiSSIONAL PAPtn No iU A. t«tt I II III. IV V. VI. VM. VIII. IX. covTum. IiitriMluHM.il "'■ lit M '"iikU ..r McHNuriiitr Ki-h anil Stii.l.viiiK .S.hI,.* ,,| Till- Kiri.t Vi-HrV (irowtli Till- Sihi.ikI Vrar'n (imwtli The Tliiril V»iir'« liMwtli '''"■ '■''■"•'" •>■ "f «•"• T. >ipi 1 rill , 111. ".ll....k ...n.^h, ,„ .1... |,.,v .,f K.n.l, .l,.rin« ,1... .v...,r. 11.1:. ,.,..1 .4, A n- ...» M I.. ,,r.,.. > ...„.,,|1„,„ . r,.,...,t r..f..r. |..,r.i,.Ml..,l.v ,„ ,| 1.1.., ,.„||....k ..,• f„„„ r.. .. „x . , „. y,.„r. Kr..wtl,. n- .l..t..rn.i„..,| by thrir ,.„l..,. lUi.l,- «,.,ki„K out imiHT f.,r .•.m.|..,nM.M with .1... ,J.,tu .,l.t.,in..,l .„ IIM.-J nii.l lULi v..nnl ,''..lu:k"';.Vlr '"V^'r"'" •;- .• " •- •l.-t-mnn.-: < 1 ) tl». ,li.,ril.u,i..., „i ,h.. >.Hr-.j..) ,1,.. ,.|„tu.. fr. „..,v ..f „... .Iiff..n.„, ,...., . 1,.,„.. i.. ,,,.i... „,,.;„, hII. I » . ",'" 'iV *'." ""^'-"""■'' i" ....■uM.ri„„ „,„l takin;, tl... .-hI.- fr..,„ ivi..- in\:;:;:li;::..!:';i.:^;:n!;;rr:. '':,;:"• * ""■ '"" ' '-• - II.-MKT;|.iII« ok MKAHIHIV.l KISII AM. HTIIniN.i WXI.KS. .T, bv fl' Vk" '.'^ '" "" '" ""■ '""' "^ •»"• ^■•■^♦'■'""i '"'""'■' <.«-iiy dH..r- . » , \. f 7 *: »''".«"»"-^>- ■'■''.' '»'«/ ^<.,7'/. i. «..rr.l fn.„. th. tip ..f th.- P It Z Z •••«";""'« "< th,.«. i,.v..«ti«„,ion. f..r tiM- following r..««..Ms: ,ff«.«l bv . ""■"'.'«•'•"'■"«'•'> ;l't.-r.ni,M^ by th.- ..rdinary n...,h...l.. .2) it in „„t horrini ^bu ' t '*' " "".' "'''•.'■" '* '"" '•*"" *""'"' ''>' "J"'*' "' "- '•"- noHM r.. fro,,, th.- «,.t..rior .-...l .,f ,h.. (..n-toral ti.. u. ,h. ,.,.,| „f ,1... v.-rt^-bra ■ E,.n jm,. by tuk,,.^ the total b-.^h. Th. st«,.d«r,l b-.-^h .Jiff... fr..„. V by th bV.S ."' ^ >Hl le,.Ktl. ha. lHH.n ro<.opd..d for .•.unpariHo,, with th.- nu.aHun-n,o,.t. ..f th,- Kuronea,. llivoMtlKUtors who uw thi« l.',iKth. r-.iroiHa,. No. J. both the «tH,idard a,.d total b-t.KthH w..r,. m-ord-d, a,.d for .-at.-hes No 3 t.. A '1 r", , ♦*•''*'''"''"•' ''•""Ihs. I,. '»16 for r-afhes Xo. 1 to .Vo. 4<.. b,.th .tH,.danl and to al le,.gth, were recorded a..d ^ r eatche« X„. 41 to Xo. 02. the total le,.Kth o,.ly. of th :-7» .^ * t f^ "r •"'" "' '"""^ ••"'^•-^ ^'""' " "*'"" '""ke.1 by the e,;,l of the r.trht ,HH^oral f5n when ext.i.ded along the nide of the lK.,ly i„ a ,«.Htert»,r 111 112 DEPARTMENT OF THE XATAl SERVICE 8 GEORQE V, A. 191S direction. When the regiun had bet-ii injured either in capture or transport, the nearest uninjured region to this was used. The scales were stored in envelopes on which the length of the fish and tither data were written. For microscopic' study the scales were cleaned and flattened betwi-en two slides. In calculating the proportional iengtlis from the position of the winter rings, the poeitions of the outer edgM of the vinter rings were marked on strips of paper so placed that the edge of the paper coincided with the camera lucida image of the antero-imsterior diameter of the scale in its anterior part. These strips were then placed on the apparatus devised by Hjort and the proi^rtional lengths read off. For ench fish, at least two scales were examined in this way. ni. — TIIK KIRST VKAR's (iHoWTM. A number of small Pollock, shown by th«'ir M-ali-s to b«' in their first year of growth were obtained. The greater numl)er of these were caught in a shore seine about two fathoms in depth and twenty fiithoms in length. The hauls were made in two localities and were as follows: -4. — North of Wilr<<>u".>* beach, ('uni|M)bello island. Wilson!'^ beach is on the western side of C'anipobello isliiiid and faces a stretch of tidal water lying b«'twcen this island and the islands to the west of it. often called by the fishermen "The River". Tiie Western shore of CHnii)obello island descends somewhat abruptly, and. in conse- quence, the tidal current come* close to the shore. Tlic hauls were made at about tile time of low water on the morning of August 4, iit which time many small pollock ranging around 35 cm. in length were seen in schools inshore. The results of these five linuls I'll Kiadc within n mile or two of eadi other, are grouj>ed together and lab<'lled catch Xu. li). The sc'parate hauls arc given Ik-Iow. Haul No. 1. — The seine was set a considerable distance firim the shore so that the Corks went under. The catch consisted of four |N>lling set at about its own depth. The catch consisted of a few flounders and skulpins. Haul A'o. .'/. — This was a deep haul, the seine being set at about twice its own depth, the cork* lieing completely under, on a beach covertnl with kelp. The catch consisted of tiftinni pollock under 11 cm. total length, four skulpins, fse rings is from 4 to 10 In no ease were the rings of i)latea close together, indicating winter growth. In 19i:{ five small p,dh,ck were caught in the shore seine at Saudv Covc X S I'leir length froiuencies were as follows: IViUl Inngtha.. KrHqii«ncy . . . . > cm. 1 H cm. 1 9 cm. SUndard Iwitftha... 3 FrwiiiMicy 7 cm. N cm. 3 The measurements were made to th.' .■•■arest millimeter, and tl... mean total l.ngth was ,>>.2 cm. and the mean standard length 7-4 ami 4.- cm. total length. T« f these, spcimens X... (UK. an.l .\„ .l.ll iJ and .,2 cm. total length, show only a single winter ring in their s,-ales. The length.' of these hsh at the end of their first winter as .■alc„h,t..l from tlie positions of the winter rings in the scah's is shown in tahle :!. It is to he noted that these fish are prohal.ly large f.„- th..ir age heing eau.'ht in a shoal with large fish. They .•onstitute. however, th, ly data the writer ha- 1. , able to obtain on pollock in th.-ir s.uM.nd year's growth. It is h mI i„ f„ti re work to fill this unfortunate gap in the invcstiyations. V.~rilK Tllllin VKAU'.S c.lMW III. In all .seventy-three pollock in th.-ir third year were .-aught. Th.-v w.-r.- all .•aught in the shore sein? near Wilson's h.^ach. (■ 17 and 19. 'amiNihell.i island, and ari> included in catche 114 DEPAIfTyiiW Of THE XAVAL SKRVWB ;i 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Catcli 17 wus taken on the iiioriiiii(r of Auirust :.. IWlti, when numerous sehools of small iM.lloek were seen close inshore just north of Wilson's InMU-h, and the shore seine was set at low water. One haul yielded fifty-seven »|)eeiniens rantrins: between ••Ml em. iind 47 em. in total length. The seine was rapidly hauled in ov.-r a rocky bottom and the only other fish eaupht was one P»i>ndopleuroni'rten americanm 35 cni. in leiKfth. The scales of these pollock all show two winter r'n\\t*. The length fre- • lueneies are (jiven in table 4. The mean total length is ;»».!■. cm. antl the mean stan- dard lenjfth is .'{ft. 4 cm. ('at<'li \o. 1!» has already been described in a previous section. It inchuled sixteen j)ollock whose scales showed two wint<'r rint's. The total leuj{th> of these fish at the ends of their first and se<-ond winters, as calculated from their scales, are tC\\c\\ in table Xo. .I. The lengths jriven are, in each case, the iiverace of two measurements on different .scales. The mean total lenRths of two-y<.ar old fish of the catch are, nt the end of the first winter, l.n.4 cm. and at the end of the second winter, .-Jl-H cm. The mean lenjtth of the fish when caupht on August 4 was ;t!>.2 <'m. The mean increase in total length durinjr the second .vear. h. was 1('..4 rht on AufoiAt 4. .35-9 em. M.— TIIK KHKVI K\t V oK IIIK niKKKRKNT VK\H Cr.ASSKS IN TIIK VKAKS \W\\. VM', am, IOK;. From measurements nuide on 1,250 pollock cauKht in July, 1914, .Mr. Doutrlas Macalluni <-onstrueted a lenjtth fre<|uency curve, jtiven in the pa,)er already referred tc. This curve, as Mr. .Ma<'allum notwl, shows two modes, one at tW cm., and one at (Js^cm., the former beinjr the more i)r<)minent one. The mean length of (i-year old fish (6.8 em.) <-orresponds closely with th'e frciuency curve at KM cm., as sVale studies show, and the n)ean leufrth of 5-y,«r old fish (tW- cm.) with the mode at 02 t> er cent column. An examination of the scales of the fish from n typical catch, catch 2, was made in the I'VLIAWK l\ HAY Uf F( XUY 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 38a t..ll..w,nfr „u,„,„.r: Tlu- .nv..!.,,,..., ,,..•!, ......tni.m.K th.. smhs ..f n ^i,,,!.. tis|, wrr.. n rangcHi ,„ th. ordor of tho standard l.M.^thn of tho «sl.; the «•»!.. fro, every fout^. m.>'"P<- wen. ..xa„nm.d and th,. numher of rin^. eo,„,t.Kl. I,, this ««v. without e^n .. .n« ^oalos fron, all the fish, seales from a representative san.ple oi' the ..."'h Tr e standard length of the r-year old *^sh of the eh.ss of l-MO was .i:..-. en... and tha of the fl,vear-old hsh of the elass of ll„.!. was «7.4 e„,. The n.od, the 1! l" fr.. en -v 1. s of 1!.,,!,. ,.p ,h ,.,„„. „.,„,,, ^..,,.,. ^i^„ ,,, ,,^^, ___^_^^ pronnn.nt de in the 1014 tre,,uene.v enrv,. 1 lu- „,ean standar.l h^.^th of eatehes 1 1 , is .;:,.-, en. .,1 the ""•an total h-nK:th is 72. S em. • '" of ,Z^ZT'"f ^7!^^ ''"^^ "*' *'"" '"'"'"■'^ "'■ '*■"■'■ "'"^'"-^ "•"> "ver. in ll.lfl. eonsistod ne surenu.nts o tlnrty-two eateh.s nn.de near (^.n.,.,helh, ish.nd h,.,w,.e.. .I.,]vTo .md Oe ohor 1.,. The f,rst eleven of these .-afhes. Xos. -J to IS. were n.,.nM.re,l hv the iT:.^i\T T'"'' •""' ""■ '"/'•' '*■'""" '"'•■■"■' ""•"'•''■•• -"• -«•<■ ^'""pi- tail!: .on. uul. hsh. The re„,a.n.nK .'ateh.-s w.-re n,eas..red hy Capt. Sh.-ppard .Mitehell of tl" < ..t.-hes and the ..uinher of j-olloek th.y eo.,tai,.ed are jrJven in table !) 7" '""«"' treq.n-neies of these eatel.es have heen tahuh.ted and eatel.es Krou,.ed e ,rdM,K to the date ot eaptnre. Catehes ■> to 1. were n.ade hetwen .Inly 1.) and 4 lu..r .sta,.dard length fr..,ue.u.ies ar,. ^iven in table K. lun.ns I to X. Fron. eofum, an.l hS em. elasses are also larpe. Catehes 2 to 1>. which eontai,. .%«7 fish, have been -n.b,ned ... eolun.ns XVI a>.d XVII. whieh give the le,.^.th fr<..,ue..eies in "r ee nt '•' -' ". .s^sl.^rht.y „. «dvan..e of the mode of the 1!M.% eurve whieh is at (M; ,•„. In the eas«. of the remaini..^ eatehes, nun.bers 41 to H->. the total length i.nly was recorded^ The eatehes are Kronped ae.-ordin^ to the time of eapture. Julv.Au;, t firs 1. ^;';»""'r- '"""' '•.'''♦ "^ ^^.tember. a..d ()eto„er. In each of these groups the -...b.ned length frcp.enc.es of the separate ,.at..l.es. the ,H.r cent length freq^enev obta.n.d by rednu,.K the combi,.ed frequencies to ,H.r ce,.t of the total m.mbe^ f fish coneernod and the .n-r .«.t fr..,ue..ey i,. ,.l„s,s,.s of 2 .•ctirm-ter i,.tervals a ^ ve, The ^dlr'Th"'"" "' -'^h/btai-'d '..V «.ldinK two of the percentage of he r^;,!! coumn. They are entered op.K.site the lr,.^th of even ..umber altho..«k hcrreallv c ;rr spond to a lenjrth wh.eh ,s the mea.. of the len,nh of the two classe.s. 2 rJ. con ai^ .; wh.ch were added, e.,.. ... eolunu. IV the .K-r cent ,S... cor,espo„ds to a leS of • •.. en,. I he ,K.reentaKes .. ■> centin.eter classes are ^iven because thev .„. ke o ,ibL fi. .m. The mode for eatehes 41 to (;2 is at M) en,, and it will be noted that thfs is a,,pnjx,.„ately the n,ode of th,. s,.parate groups of eat. hes. The totallenS «0 en cr S :r *" """"""'"^ ..Pl-ximately to a standar.l length of «7/S x 80 em.' fi,ev^"""'' *'" """'""^'/f ''*'"• P"'l-k were scarce ar, ond Camin.bc.llo island but they became more plent.ful in the autumn. The catches 41 to .t2 .neasured bv Captain uW if ""';''":'"''' !;^-'^«' «■' — tvpioal. It is these measuron.ents wh cl have he clvJ^ L ^''""'r''-f "'"'"'* ^'T 1S>14 and l!.l.-. were of the sta..dard lenRth 7^ ,.m Th '. .' '"""f '" ♦*«\*''«'^''"' - that its a,.tual nK.,1,. at m ,•„,. eoiurat to Im' i^nsidered that thi ,'urvi. represents fish .'auffht later in tl that for standard lenprths. It is also ' y<.ar than those used 116 DEPARTMEXT OF THE SAVAL SERVICE 8 QEORQE V, A. 1918 for the 1914 and l»ir> curves, a fart which wouhl make the c«>rreti|ioii(liiit; iiiudal leiinth less than that shown. The numbers of winter rings have been counted for the scales of the fish of catclieii 3, 6 and 7, and the results are shown in table 12. The table shows that these catches, which had a mode at «7 era., were composed predominatel.v of fl-year-old fish. This being the case, the mode at "2 cm. of the curve for catches 41 to 02 shown in fig. 1. probabl.v corresiionds to the 7-year-old fish or the fish of the 19O0 .vcar class, the same which gave rise to the modes in the 1014 and 11)1.'> curves. VII. SIMMAHV. 1. It has been found that yuuiig ixillock showing in their scales no winter rings and therefore probably in their first .vear's growth occur in shallow tidal water on the western coast of the Bay of Funday. 2. Data as to the rate of growth during the first two years are given. 3. Evidence is given for believing that the 19(>» class has been the most abundant during the three years 19i4, 1913, and 191fi. vni. — TABI.KS. Tablk 1. — I^-iigth Freiiiiencies of Small PoUock ciiiight in shore seine in 191t>. A. standard Lengths — Numbers in columns represent number of siieclmens In centimeter groups. I 1 B. Total LenRths — Numbers In columns represent number of specimens In centimeter groups. Length C»tchl9 Catch 29-32 7 cm. 2 2 8 cm. 4 1 9 cm. 2 !) 10 cm. r> 5 Ilcm. 1 4 12 cm. 1 Total 5 .") I Tahi.k •>. — T.ciigtii Freiiucncies of Snuill Piill 1 7 11 H 40 6 41 2 42 2 43 2 44 4 4.5 46 3 2 47 1 T.XB..K :..-J.o„pths of I'olloc-k ,.f Catd. 10 ..t tl,e ..,,.1 of ..,,,.1. of their first two wi„tcr. as <•alculiit.fl from thi-ir scales and their lei.ptlH when catiRht. 662 663. K64. €». 666 ti67. 66S., 669. «70 671.. «72.. 673 . C74 . 675.. 676.. 677.. Specimen No. Mean. Stanilard Lentftli. Total Lenvtii. Int. Kinif. 191.-,, 12 12 14 IS 14 14 13 14 1.5 17 14 14 17 13 13 17 14 I 2iid. Kinir. ini(!. 27 29 28 31 29 28 32 31 32 31 32 :« 34 33 33 37 81 3 Kdff... 1916. 32 ;« :«i 3.5 35 3l'> 3t; 3li 36 36 36 S7 37 38 37 41 85-9 l"t. King. 1915. 13 13 15 14 15 15 14 16 16 19 15 15 19 14 14 19 2ii*»Mt«Miavr'n — « •s-aaass" iMrfin*4*iH 1i^ « 21 i W fa si" 1-= O-s •i's Ii £:i ►. 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J- U ' 'Xau^niMjj pAuiqoiuQ m • • '« 'W 'M '* • -n ;•» .» ;» ;j ;• •I- 'is »l '■" :' "» ' i»«»i«sii5So«»«i-f-'*i-."» ' .••■n — Mns ■n ft lO t^ f* f' ;ie ;«2 '^ * .^ ^ -■•"»i — rt*»tc»*pih.xft»«»«te»i pHMn^i^ne^vtSM^ g=»2«=8»|(S£l;- n I- •I '>> '•> n|a-ia.«B •> m i. an .'"» •«» ■« '« ^M i«e -i -n :^ ens 1- X .'x -s -b -b ■« '•« « 'is l]3Ilrf Ul / ~nse>»»K.xnisi- »" ^" •" ^< ^^^ i^f^ ^- F- W -• W p" ^N ^^ 5gSSSS8S5-Sa3SlS!55SSr:fJKReiSr:S£S5eai FOLVOOK IX BAJ Qt FVUDT 1t« SESSIONAL Phnn No. asa fk ' w» 'lit inv«t*<«t« ■» lit ;M 'la in -ia n«ttnM» KMMMMn e> t> ta « I* X •• It '9> ks e>*i««ie«9« X I 23365— 2e ft* DBfAKTMBSr Of TMK MAYAL MKMftOK • OIOROC V. A. t»lt •1, A aiiit 7, iirniii||t>d TaRLB 18. — Length fmiupiidn nf tin- Pitllitrk of pat ■ooordiug to aire and catch. }i 1 !U - »JI| Cktctil. No. ul wiBtor piogi. CalehS. No, of wlntor ring*. N'u. Ill wialar rinva. J« 4 5 • 4 5 6 4 A • SI 1 S 1 M U 54 ...... ■"« ' t 1 S I 1 4 9 ... . . 1 > .... 1 3 1 I I S t6 H ...... a t « 1 a t 1 1 3 1 t 1 1 ..... . " I ■ m • • ' y ' w N •0 ....... 1 4 1 M ts 1 3 4 8 3 a ■■■■9 1 1 1 M •6 '"i ' 3 S * 6 S S 1 s 1 I ....... ..... . M •7 W m n Ti.::.;:: 71 7» 74 76 . 1 76 n 78 79 go n .. . . " 1" 7 Toul... Meu tragtlM.. 88 87 7 30 l.^ 11 37 33 869 ««» 68« 99 9 638 IM3 S39 63 3 684 fOLuwK iM air or rvyor UMIONAL PkPtn N*. m il < ^ 9: - J S i: s s t! 9 — r w i"? •; 5Sf s =