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Tha following diagramt illuttrata tha mathod: Un daa tymbolat tuivantt tpparaitra tur la darnlAra imaga da chaqua microfiche, talon la cat: la tymboia -^ tignifia "A SUIVRE", la tymbola V tignifia "FIN". Laa cartaa. planchat, tableaux, etc.. peuvent itre filmat a dot taux da riduction diffArentt. Lortqua la document ett trop grand pour itre reproduit en un teul cliche, it ett filma a pertir de I'angia tupAriaur gauche, de gauche a droite, et de haut en bat. en prenant la nombre d'imagea nacaaaaire. Let diagrammet tuivantt illuatrant la mtthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I^U4H^ MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) A SEVENTEENTH CENTURY SURGEON AND HIS FEE The Honorable Wiluau Rkkwick RisDiLL, B.A., B.Sc, LI.B., L.H.D., F.B.S. (Edin.), TOKOIfTO^ OHT. Rtprinud (rem Ikt New Yofk Medical JoatnsI mcouoBATtva t«s FlUliiddpUA liidietl JoofloAl «ati Ths BUIcal N«wi March t, j^ir. Reprinlril I'r, the \nv Vi.rl.- Mcli.Ml lo Min-ch ,», /y/.j. A SI- \ EXTKK NTH rKXTCRV SfRGEoX AXD HIS FEE. liv Tin: Mr,\or,igli,, ,5w, by A. R. K|li„„ P„biisl,i„„ Comi.any. K.Jdill. .1 Sc:cnh\-ulh i .■«niry Ire. rclicion ovliich was a very live question in iho e da?" praisinK lUnrv VIII a. .1 his services m fhc iro.esmn,1ai.li. ami also s.xakin,^ '^^'^"^^ of tie clianne in creed l.y DiRby- are in line v,th h s -oiirse upon >he l.encli. He war, the only one of the .^^elv'e judges who ^ave an op.n.ou a,a n^ ,h. po».r .,f the kiuK to disj^nse «,'""^ '"';;, „f allegiance and su,,rcn,acy required ''Y •■- ^ ' Act upon appointment to office. Jhe king 'auies II had Krantc.l an otticc to Sir h.dward H<-lis a Rn, ,an ratholic. and therewith given a pa.e t o disiK-nsation relLvinj: hini fr-mi taking the oath- which a Ro. an Catholic could not conscientious y take Eleven nf the judges held that the king ha.l this i»wer. but Street dissented. \crv shortlv after, u was taken ,- gr..ntcd that he had asiunicd this position culh.sively. -o as o give an air of impartiality to the opinions 01 the ?,<^;.. .\nd the fact that James without hesita- ion"" i---"c,l a sutcr.u;U-as to any judge who (1-- Ssin him, and therebv removed him from the ench, indicates that this view of S.r-ts conduct was nell founded. Certainly King Williams ,id- vifers thought so. .,-11 (■,„,! iS-i in It W.1S not till 1S51, m England (and 1 85 J in Upper Cana.lal. that parties were allowe to give evidence in their own case. ni\Rr.I,- TO THE JCRY IX R.XNDAI.I- v SIR THOM.XS POWIS, K.ST., AT THF. r.ril.D. ll.M.l-, .'-I^V 4, l<»7, I' JA<^ "' StRKF.T. Knt,, JlMliF. OF TEIF C»MM"N- C'nllcii r« of the liiry: . ^Th;,,ai„..i.acl^u«..,-Mn,,^^^^ ^.1:7"^ S^oni;' ^l^r R H-ers and Si..c.,< o • %;in^" a companv ,1„1. foun, eH ^n''/,";"';"',J|'Sn-^; f Pirhamrnt in the ih rlv-fecimil year c, ll.e rciBn .0 ;L I, la o thp rrolcstam faitli. the late Mish an.l P,Y ?IH Tliii Jih-i->-lh ( n,li,r\ /.v. CHtato ami i,i!nil>, ari' tti-.' bvitcr rnmiTchend what it ts yc havt 10 tr>', f shall recount to yctu the variou-! facts as they have InHM made to appear l.y the witnesses 1 Ik' ikftn'lant, IntercfdniK betwixt two broiluTs of the hvvord. recvived ,4 dan«eroiis wuund throuKh the arm: by I he \ iiilcnt pain u hereof and other grieMJU-. accidents cun':oinit;int, he was suddenly dejected intu cMreiite de- bility and rlanuer. In this fortuni iihuht, lu- employed a surgeon who treated him in a manner recommended by his art and mystery with topical applications of which 1 vhidi ■'peake t" \oii again. The w..und did mtt improve. iiiid llie defcmlant, despairing to iiud ease ur benelit by the iriiii!e>->> C'lTit. nuance of this chirurRery, and fearing the !.pet(Jy iii\:i-i'.er- ;ind ntlier topical applications— and he washed the wound carefully from time tu time with fair clean uater, cowred it with a clean >nft. linen cldih, and -rleanscd it onoi- a day I'rum pus and other impurities The wound hath yotien well and the suryeon sues the Knight for his reward. .Vt)u were the plainiitT a physician h^- could not main- tain an action tnr his fees which are given not as tocatio :r! coiidiirHo but as iitiiiidaiii iKuinniriuin. not as salary or hire, lut as a mere gratuity which a physician cannot demand without doin* wrong tn his reputation. But sufLienrr^ are f an inferior deur-e amongst the profci-jrs <.f the heaumr art and like tlu vu'dici of an- cient Kumc to whom they corrr-:pond. they may demand their tee; as oi richt, while the fees of the physicians are by the laws of F^ngland hut honorary— which is indeed more fnr the credit and rank of thi« honourable hodv. But the defendant snith that lie should not be forced to pay lees tn a man who not only did him no benefit, but who did n-'t even proceed srcufuiiiiii arti'in. Aufi i mu«t tell you tliat n surgeon can recover his fees iiiily if ht- proi-eed in accordance with the {iracfice of hi^ m>>tery and ai't. This man. the defendant saith, did nauuhl and shr-n'd he naid naui?ht-tlir plaintilT conteuueth that he treated the Knight with judgement and skill and that ht hath hea'ed him, That the wound i< healed none can caiii>ay--but did the Chirurgeon treat the defendant properly ? Many learned surgeons have Iteen called and thev have litvon their npinioTr;, hacked up by the writings of mas- tcri . f undouljted i^ravity and authority. \\ e are told by the defendant's witnesses that there are !'ut twn m.^ihod*: of treatin'T wounds which have received !i i Niilfli-ll: .t Sevenlttttth Ccatary liW ihe anprcival of tin- lacultv one uhercol i> that wherein niHicanirnl. are applied to the «otin-l in topical tfeal- Mifiil, anil llie -ihtr is the mv of a vn'Mhelical pow'ler or of an loiiiicndiiii ormar'iiiri lyififalhrluHin. In till- lirsl «i- ar.' told thai mediramenta necejlary to the cure of noun.K are of throe liindv l, di«estive or puj-ex.-iiine; J. saro.'ic or 11. .li-fonnin;(. m'l .t. epulom^ or scar-inducina. I.xperiin.-e luith lansht us thai a ivounil niav Ix cured verv well hv a >.aro.li> alone or ii.or,- Irf- iiuentlv bv a (liBeslive alone llul 'n trulli. Ull-r and more irnain rmilf are to lie looked for uliere the l»o are u«ed touether. althouBh in lieshy pans diBestni* ap- plied «ilh .-oft pleue's mav Acll he employed without otlur iiu-dieanifnts. , -txt u ^ 'Ml,- .ic.s in the art (anions-t Ihrm the revered Walter ("harhl'ii. Doctor in I'hvsic and Physician to the late Kinil. lli« Maiesty. Charles the hir.l of I'lous "Y".or>. him «ho «a« so criielK- an tuMcH iiuit<'«' It i« sufViciint [<> I'lirt- tht \\iiiiiiil li ilu- -urKcoii liatli the skill nr kooiI (oriunc to t AtUe :i siilVunni 'iiiaii- tity of this latulabk jhin whiili m'Kic thvfrfui c c;ill licaltliy and liMii'^n pui. Su thr cininci'' surm.'H wli.i iir>t rrcatej llic delmitaiit, tells \nu tliat h* pplml a .1i,:(smm\ Hut lie was nut cutittnt i<> rt\\ u- tin i)ii- <\i-iiiiii{ nicflirament alone : l)Ut apptucl a tin jclcl'r;iunl>am nhirh sianr'n<(l by I'auUis i'>:\r!i(tt<, an afkni.wlcflutil niat-ttT i.i ilie ;tr' o( surgery- .iti'l this lialoani «as cninposcil of many inuri'ilirnt^. turpttiiine. «uin Halliai. v;uin eltuii anil lii-ijcrac. frankiiirvnM, «' n iiia''tu"Ii. nivrrli. aloe*, ualinval. cIiac", ciiiiianinn. niiti ;iii.i rul.il>'. Ancl tins ointment v.:\-. I...tli tlis" •"ii,^ <■ colic and tpnl.'tic — tor the tMrpentmc. n\\\n denu, fraiil^ I'lii'v and ma-'Mfti are diin'tiue, tin,- i;i!in yalhani, unni eUnii. myrrh alue^. cluvts au'l nutiiu-y; iiw >ariulu'. aivi aloes, myrrh and nia-*fii'h are aUn tpiilnth-. Me nave him nuireoxer to drink of lurl)'^ Innlcd in rt d uini' wirli suttar of the "hlti'st kind thertin added \'it n->t\\nhst.indinK' the :n';ihration nt tiii'* \nlii' i*ar> UHKuerU toiiically and upon the very wound, and uotwith- stanrlinfj the ainmdant dre«isin(f applied l>anda«e nver hauilayc and ni'twithsiandinir that the patient df..iiis i:al- Ions «i rcrj wine eaeh day, the wound dul iif>t heal. Tlic pii-i eanu: in lar;ie iinanlitit •*, hut i' pas>iiirby. who ih"uch nialii:nant« call h'ln tlu- very Plinv i.f hU ace for lyinc. \va« Kniuhted by that glorion-; Kiny. James the lirst, grandfather of hi- present Most Gracious Majesty— and he nobly and i:allantly fom;ht for his couniry :icaui>t the Trench and \'ciititan'i. the Dutch an of the vitriol-and bv a fresh dressing of the carter fi-;"'."";^ to time the sanation will proceed with =uch admirable success that within few days, there will remain on y a handsome cicatrice to witness there was i.nce a «onnd. .■\ kind of modification of this treatment is better known in foreign lands, but vet is recoi-'nized in I-.ngland by many of the wisest of the faculty. That is b> use oi a sym- pathetic vulnerary ointment. The unguent is made m va- rious wavs but the best approved is of these lULiredients^ Take two ounces of usnea which is the tungous and mossy growlb upon the skull of a criminal who liath been left hanging; half an ounce of mummy, real iiH.mmy which hath been brought from Egypt, two ounces oi hunian tat. half an ounce of human Mood, two dra,rbms oi linseed oil. and an ounce of bole which is a hnc compact unctu- ous reddish dav from far .Armenia, a natural .astMngent and styptic. But sometimes the fat of hulls or w ild boars, powdered earthworms and the like are used And the healing virtue of this also depends on the sym- pathy between the extravenated blood and that remaining within the veins, for the ointment is applied to tlie bloody weapon o- a piece of wood or the like dipped in the wound. ... ,1- EM We are told that the dead criminal or animal dies full of secret reluctancv and vindictive murmurs and with a high flame of revengeful feeling. This continueth after his death, and the posthumous character of reyeuL'e re- maineth firmly impressed upon the blood and lat in the uncvient The moment the Mood or weapon or splinter cometh in contact with this most malignant substance, it is roused to active evcitemenf. ?nd so ohtaineth full power to cure its fellow blood left behind in the wounded man; and this it doth bv sucking out the dolorous and exotic Riddel!: A Seventeenth Century Fee. impression from the wound. And that is in truth the most consist;:nt with all ue know concerning natural and magnetic sympathies; and in ver\ sooth it is exceeding simple like unto many other great truths. Neither this unguent nor the powder is applied to the wound, hut is allowed to have its perfect work apart. The weapon or splinter or garter is laid away in a cool place and the wound is carefully washed with fair clean water, covered with a clean, soft, linen doth, and cleansed once a day from pus ">"d other itnpurities. Xow the plaintitt did naught save wash and tend the wound; he used no sympathetic powder or sympathetic unguent— and he giveth his reason. He doth not indeed, give evidence in his own person before you. but ye need not to marvel thereat. For the law of England, the per- fection of human wisdom and the glory of all. doth not permit a party to a suit himself to give evidence, lest he should perjure his own smil Vain babl'lers there be who gainsay the wisdom of this law, but we may not heed those who would remove the ancient landmarks. The- plaintiff. yet, may and doth set forth liis suit by v.itnesscs whom he hai': called ttcfpre you. He saith through his witnesses that tliere is no influential operation of magnetical rem- edies but that the consolidation of wonnfIatIictio unguent or powder are grossly ascribing the whole arm of the enerp>- to that un- concerned principle which indeed hath not so much as a finger in the business. He saith that the pus whicli all otliers admire and de- sire as showing that Nature hath armed herself for the fight is not to be desired, but that it is itself an impuritv which should be avoided— that it hindreth the cure and contendeth against the vis mcdicatrix naturae. He hath even in his mind some crotchet that pus is engendered bv some smnll animal or plant, some bug or gnat or beettl'e or fungus belike, though he saith open;.- that he cannot prove the existence of such creatures. This however he contendeth is because his glasses do not magnify suf- ficiently to enable him to see tlicm. And he meane'th not the glasses or spectacles for weak or aged eves: but the microscope which hath a rare and admirable facultv of making small things appear large. Rut in sooth he were- not able to sec these imagined bugs were he to use even the compound nu"cro?cnpe ■\\itb concave mirrnr suLcrested to the Rnval Societv bv ^Tr. Newton, the T.ucnsian Pm- fcssor r.f rnmbridce. It mi?ht be well f'lr the plainlifT t. . take heed lest he be condemned bv HoK- Church, for we are told in the Scriptures that God created grass and the herb and the fruit tree, the moving creature and fowl to ^"aters hrouRh, forth ^^™''!'"''>;;,,17\ „;" k ^'ih-bm hn bugs and gnats and beetles. ^p^tiie sides of ^he ;^';;i,.;^; f, ^Sn.cnon Sl ^SS^-^'^Snt, Si:"lhe factor of putre- fac;"on bv the speciflcal counter violence oi ,"m. su ''"'^:"::^"i:at .here can„o. be doubt .ha. f.e >.^ S^lki^;=^.»^q.SJ"S^t^ impression acains. wnicn it cdrricm u..r-n,-^ Tris- \Ve cannot dispu.e .he great fP.h°"'™ .°' T'"^" ,;"^ megistus, Xalurae .roi.l ,«frf.ra(--,rfj^ \\ c alku her to Be Ihe pnme and proxime causatnx of all '»"?»•"■ ''™ ,?" medicaments no more than auxiliatory or ad.man. the modification of excessive P"'""''""' '!"" ■"% e o Sonoir ofher safety and -"q""' '°l"'Vr.'".m" ZIm i^ftSi"!i^.nf™r;a.,s^ar;™nn];^^or"ope;;;^i! proper o he s>°npa"l.etic Snguen.-for indeed syn.pa.het- S"ed°caments are allied unto c^'^^J''' '" ™,';"47/p"^''. mav transmit their spiritual encruv mito d.t Ti ' nate pa knts a" vast and inde.ermina.e dis.ances. We kn>.w .hat ho contadon of the small pox and placue is irequently Parted f?om one brother or ^l.ter ,o another a. a .hs.ance nf manv hundred leacucs hv invisible em -MOn- or pes "i cn"ra7a.o;ns without all excuse of ."«lb«en"; or mu- tual commerce hv inlcrvenien- messenccrs. as aUo ot tear and imacination: so immensely Ions is the arm ot s>m- 8 Ridiirll: .1 \crciilrciith Cenliiry l-t patliy. We know how a Tagliacotian nose,' enfeoffed with a coinniuniiy of vitality and vegetation by rJRht of trans- plantation upon the face of a gentleman at Bruxtls, hath grown cadaverous and dropt off at the instant of that porters death at Bononia out of whose arm it was first e.xecied. And how carefully good housewives avoid the bcilinit over of their milk lest the atoms thereof subtili- ated by ihe intense heat of fire should be attracted by the cow? udder ffor the source or fountain of every effusion acteth a magnetical part and draweth to itself the sub- divipinnt of that same effusion situate within the orb of its atticicncy) and so an inflammation be caused by the oppo*iii"n of the atoms of tire concomitant. An'! indeed he =ha!l find out of a bnok of great authority the true magnetical cure of most diseases as of the Dropsie, Gout, /aundiee. &c by including the warm blood nf the patient in the shell and white of an egg which exposed to a gen- tle heat and mixt with a bait of flesh ye shall give to- gether with the blood to a hungry dog or swine and the disease ^ball instantly pass from you into the dog and utterly leave \ou: no otherwise than the leprosie nf Naa- man did by the exsecrntion of the Prophet transmigrate into Geha/i. Xay is there not even now in France an Abbe who aireth fever of all kinds bv svmpathy? For he taketh but the patient's spittle and mingletb it with an egg and =o cnveth it unto a dog and ibe dog dieth and the ratient •■^ mndc whole. Anci or ruul thou intendest to prohibit that pastiness for tlic future, rlo but lay a red-hot iron upon the excre- ment and the immodest sloven '^hall in a verv short space grnw scabbv in his buttocks: the lire torrifying iht- ex- crement :.;ia by dorsal magnetism ciriving the acrimonv of tlir burning mtn his impudent anu';. So it i- vnin if not wicked of the ^ibintiff to denv the opcraii-n nt_ sympathetic powder or uneucnt— and be is wronL'ju bemtr pufTcd up in bis own conceit and setting bim^tlf above those who are older and wiser than him- self. > ', t Ik- -rn eth that his method of cure is one which is \vtlM,n.i.' n in the profession, though that i<; dcnird by ottier *uTL.'eons 'T.^VM.u-. !i,,n ^..-,■. .\ii i.M.f.-ilinii iitrtornc.] In tlu' no!oyrH-f ''iirppnn, Taclincnz7i ( I546-I59()1. who wsf<\ a flap t.iken from the rirm. hui !i'.t entirely spvering it until union ha.! taken place to fnrni n new nnse. RiddcU: A Sciciileeiith Cenlury Fee. That is the question ye are to try-and if y| f"^ ">»* h.« mode of cu.e is acknowlcdsed m his profession, ye nil! give him your verdict; and if otherwise, not And it is naught that the knight hath heeii cured. It ,„av he that the powerful medican -nts apphed liy "is first attendant but succeeded in making their po«er felt after the plaintiff was consulted. , ■ .„ ■ ,:„u, :„ uu Ye mav indeed think that if the plaintiff is right in his contention that it was btit llie unassisted ,V'^''''f''^<''"' „a,„rac which effected the^ ;re, all the credit f°; 'h'; ™.« should he given to Dame -Nature herself and the plaint^ descrveth none— having no credit, neither should he be given cash. i:\t,.:ct for the defendant-'^