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L'exemplaire iilm^ fut reproduit grace d la 
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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART 
 
 I ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 21 
 
 jd APPLIED IM^GE I 
 
 ^^% 'fe-i East Mq.i St'e*-' 
 
 S^S '^ochestf. New 'c- ■tt09 jSA 
 
 ""^ t^'61 «8; ~ 030C PHonp 
 
 ^S (""^i ^88 - 5989 - Tg. 
 
FERTILIZER ECONOMY 
 
 WAR TIME 
 
 Commercial Fertilizers 
 
 JUDICIOUSLY USED THEY MAY GREATLY INCREASE CROP PRODUCTION. 
 THEY ARE SUPPLEMENTS TO, NOT SUBSTITUTES FOR MANURE. 
 
 THEIR MOST PROFITABLE USE 
 WILL BE FOUND IN ASSOCIATION WITH THOROUGH CULTIVATION 
 
 ON SOILS 
 PLENTIFULLY PROVIDED WITH HUMUS. 
 
 THE INCREASE IN VALUE OF FARM PRODUCE IS 
 
 PROPORTIONATELY GREATER 
 
 THAN THE ADVANCE IN THE COST OF FERTILIZERS. 
 
 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 
 SPECIAL CIRCULAR NO. 14. 
 
 H. GRISDALE, B. A0II.1 
 OIRECTOR. 
 
 B. LESLIE EMSLIE. F.C.S. 
 
 SUPERVISOR. 
 INVESTIGATIONAL WORK WITH FCRTILIZKm,. 
 
 oivisioN OP CMnaiSTirr. 
 
Fertilizer Economy in War-time 
 
 Economy— by no means Parsimony— should characterize our effort 
 towards the attainment of greater crop production, the necessity for which 
 was never more insistent than now. 
 
 A reasonable degree of caution is commendable, but lack of enterprise 
 
 '^ "^^ Efficient ^Economy involves the Conservation of our Resources 
 and the Concentration of our Forces. 
 
 From the fertilizer standpoint, our resources are represented chieHy 
 bv the manures produced on the farm and the fertilizers of commerce, 
 which may- be employed to reinforce the manure and permit its more 
 economic distribution. . • j- • ., 
 
 The concentration of our forces may be interpreted as a judicious 
 choice of rational means at our disposal and their opportune, systematic 
 application to the particular matter in hand. . .• • *u 
 
 Economy in Fertilizing may sometimes imply a reduction in the 
 ner acre ratio which it has hitherto been customary to apply, for the fact 
 is incontestable that many employ fertilizers greatly in exc^ of immediate 
 crop requirements. Some are prompted to do so through the erroneous 
 belief that crop yields may be increased in direct proportion to the quan- 
 tities of fertilizers applied. But, on the other hand, fertilizer economy 
 may mean increased rates of application, or a readjustment of the habitual 
 proportions in which the various components bave formerly been used. 
 
 The object to be attained is the Maximum Crop Yield which will 
 bring the maximum profit. 
 
 ..REASE IN VALUE OF FARM PRODUCE GREATER THAN 
 ADVANCE IN COST OF FERTILIZERS. 
 
 Except in the form of wood ashes, commercial potash has practically 
 disappeared from our markets and, likewise as a result of war conditions, 
 the onces of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers have advanced tremend- 
 ously This fact might prompt the objection that the armer cannot 
 afford to use fertilizers as liberally as formerly, but we will endeavour to 
 show that the increase in value of farm produce is proportionally greater 
 than the advance in cost of fertilizers. 
 
 FERTILIZERS ARE SUPPLEMENTS TO, NOT SUBSTITUTES 
 
 FOR MANURE. 
 
 Fertilizers are no panacea for all agricultural ills; they cannot be 
 deoended on to remedy the effects of inadequate drainage or poor tillage. 
 Thev should be regarded primarily as supplements to manure, finding their 
 most profitable employment, in association with thorough cultivation, on 
 soils plentifully furnished with vegetable matter or humus. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF FERTILITY CONSIDERED IN FERTILIZING. 
 
 Of the twelve, or more, essential plant food substances in the soil, th( 
 available supply of three (nitrogen phosphoric acid and potash) tends t<, 
 become depleted by the growth and removal of crops. The maiutenancr 
 of soil fertility demands their return in some form. Manure and fertilizer 
 are the cTiief means employed in their restoration. 
 
SOURCES OF NITROGEN. PHOSPHORIC ACID AND POTASH. 
 
 The nrinciml nitrogenous fertilizers c.u the nuirket ijre nitrate of soda, 
 
 seaweed are valuable sources of potash. 
 
 POTASH IN SOIL RENDERED AVAILABLE BY USE OF NITRATE 
 POTAbH iiN »^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^jP PHOSPHATE. 
 
 It U a fact worthy of note that both nitrate of soda and acid phosphate 
 
 soils. 
 
 PROFITABLE RETURNS FROM A COMBINATION OF NITRATE 
 PROMlAtlLl. ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ PHOSPHATE. 
 
 stations (Charlottetown included a pot that received (in 1915 only) m> 
 Cap f°"F'..^^?gysodVand 570 pounds of acid phosphate per acre. No 
 Ct^w^Sven Tt crip rot'Ition consisted of potato^, oats, hay, 
 TdTe reT^Sior^^^st ^^^^^:-^r;:;,^^-^.^ plots, 
 
 Sato.Jri9lJ 5 72 b^hels'of grain (oats) and 448 pounds of straw, per 
 acre, ir. 1916. 
 
 PROFITS FROM FERTILIZERS IN PRE-WAR TIMES. 
 
 Vsumine that in normal times potatoes were worth 50 cents per 
 K V '^1 n.Tfo cents per bushel and straw $4.00 per ton, then the ^;alue of 
 bushel, oats -^^ c^nts per m .amount to 8:?6.30 per acre. T'lking 
 
 the in^'^^^e fo'^^/S:^ nrmd SphoVph^ite (containing 16 per cent ava. able 
 nitrateof sodaa ?3.00.md^icidpho,pa^^^^ ^^^ ^s^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 ftSr'?vn:i5S\ol!^^^ 
 
 deXcted from the value of the incre'a.se, leaves a profit of $22.60 per acre. 
 
 PROFITS FROM FERTILIZERS IN PRESENT TIMES. 
 
 u,^ ,-oi.ioa nntitnes are worth at least $1.00, and oats 
 
 S6.00 and acid P^^o/Pf^tVls ner^rcre Ld th^^^^^^ 
 '^rious commodities were valued at normal, pre-war prices. 
 
 FACTORS WHICH MAY INFLUENCE CROP YIELDS. 
 
 c^ il 
 
. .TllTll" the experiment cited, may invarial.Iy be cl.>pende.I on U 
 ,r'::;.f„.:""^'^'L.*:'^J-™^>' '^"^./'•??"<-"t'y 'lo prove the limiting 
 
 to brini; 
 Iroufsht, 
 
 ;u.Kir to''"* ^ '-diiy ^«i^abiv^-„'^K f^od^Si:^ jr wm 
 
 comlitions "*"■'' '■^'"'^'''' ^™" °' withstand adverse weather 
 
 SUGGESTIONS FOR FERTILIZING FARM CROPS. 
 
 f, u- ^/'KK^^tions (modified by present circumstances) for the fertilizing of 
 f"w of the more important farn crops are made, as follows:— 
 
 With Mimurc. 
 
 'llTATOES, MaMIKI.S. ( ', 
 
 Acid pliDspliute . , 
 
 TuHMHH — 
 
 Nitrat<^ of wkIh 
 Acid ph(>Hph:itr. 
 
 Ghain — 
 
 N'itrafc of .-umIh. , 
 Acid phospliato. 
 
 Lbs. per aire. 
 
 100 to irx) 
 230 to 3.W 
 
 75 to 125 
 400 to 600 
 
 Without Munnrt. 
 
 Hay- 
 
 Nitmtc of soda. 
 Acid phospliiitc. 
 
 (Chiffly 
 Timothy) 
 100 to 1.50 
 200 to 250 
 
 Lbs. per acre. 
 
 1.50 to 250 
 330 to .500 
 
 100 to 150 
 800 to 800 
 
 75 to 125 
 175 to 2.50 
 (Chiefly 
 
 CIoVfT) 
 
 50 to 75 
 250 to 350 
 
 The foregoing recommendations are necessarily arbitrarv 
 
 for m pracice we rarely find two soils which exhibit eLctiy^iZll 
 characteristics. The individual farmer must be his own experimenter 
 in determining the peculiar deficiencies of his soil, but ma?, nevertSss 
 be guided by these suggestions. ^ "evcnneiess, 
 
 The high solubility of nitrate of soda renders it generallv advisable 
 to apply one-half the prescribed qu^mtity of this material w? h 4e phos! 
 phatic fertilizer dunng the final light cultivation of the lantl preparatory 
 to seeding, th, remainder-mixed with a quantity of soil to fStatl 
 umform distribution-being given as a topdressing shortly after the 
 crop appears above ground. ^ ^°^ 
 
 CROPS FOR WHICH WOODASHES ARE PARTICULARLY 
 
 SUITABLE. 
 
 Unleached wood ashes-already referred to as a source of potash- 
 may contain from 4 to G p..r cent of potash, about 2 per cent of phosphoric 
 aci.l and from 20 to 30 per cent of lime. Fur crops such as closer!' CZ 
 peas and other legumes, which respond particulariv to appliAtion f 
 .me and potash, wood ashes should prove a most valuable^ 1 amend- 
 beiScia?resSs.'" ' "''''""-' '^'''' ""'' '' ^'^'^^ "' ''' '^"""^^^ ''-^ very 
 
 To avoid delay and disappointment from freight traffic conges- 
 tion and other causes, orders for fertilizers should be placed at 
 the earliest possible opportunity.