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MiddletorU Defence: WHEREIN His Conduct during his late Vo v age For difcovering a Pafllige from nUDSON's-BJr to the SOUTH-SEA is impartially Ex a m i n ' d ; His Neglects and Omissions in that Affair fully Prov»d i The Fa L s I T I E s and Evasions in his Defenc£ Expos'd i The ERRORS of bis CHARTS laid open, AND His A C C O U N T S of C u r r e n t », S • r e i c u t s» and Rivers, Confuted ; Whereby it will appear, with the highefl Probability, That there isfucb a Fassage as he went in fear ch of WITH An APPENDIX of ORIGINAL PAPERS, and a M//P of the In-land and Sea-Coall of North- America in and abouc Hud/on % Bay. By ARTHUR D O B B S, Efq; LONDON: Printed by the A U T H O R 's Appointment, and Sold by J A c o B Robinson, at the Golden Lien in Ludgate-Jireety m dcc xliv. / 7 u u Mi! ir i wm ;■•':, .-.j.^-i.^J; T O T H E RIGHT HONOURABLE The Lords Commissioners OF THE Admiralty of Great Britain. My Lords, TH E Favour you did me in communicating the Defence Captain M'lddkton publifhed againft the Qiieries and Objections I laid before Your Lordfhips to his Con- dudi in the Voyage to Hudfons Bajyy in Search of a Paflage from thence in- to the Weftern Ocean of u.d?ri erica, and the Honour done mc by Your fb rea- dily examining into his Condudl:, and hearing the Proofs I brought to fup- port my Charge againft him, lay me under particular Obligations to Your Lordftiips. Thefe, together with the * Duty '( - 1 1 ■ I ii n II ii (■'■ D E D I C A T I O iV. Duty I owe the Public as a Member of Society, indifp/enfibly obliges me to fcmtlnize ftriflly into his Conduci:, and examine into the Nature and Weight of his Defence. I beg leave therefore to lay before Your Lordlhips thefc R E M A R K S upon his written Defence (which Your Lordiliips favoured nie with the Pe- iiiial of) by which, I am perfuaded, you Avill find that liis Defence is only made up of Faliitics and Evalions, art- fully blended together to dilguife the Truth; and that all I have given in Charge againft him is fully proved, from his Orio;inal LoG:-book in the Fnr'fjiicCj from his fournal, the Evi- dence of his Olliccrs and People, and irom his oun original Letters \ where- by it nill evidently appear, i. at he has wilfully mi.^bchaved, by neglec9:ing to look into tliofe Places where he had Reafon to expcii a Pailage, by falfify- ino* I "t iV. Member ^cs inc to idiicl:, and i Weight ay before [ARK S lich Your . the Pc- )erfuaded, ce is only dions, art- iguife the given in proved, in the the Evi- )plc, and ; vvhere- i." at he e".le63:ino: [c he had y falfify- D E n I C AT I \\ ing Fails, by making Currents and Udes contrary to Truth, and by fori?- ins a large Frozen Strcio;ht to brinif in a Tide and Whales, in order to fup- port the Scheme he had 1 1 to con- ceal the Pallagc : And that, to induce / Your LordlLips to believe that he has followed his Infl:ru6iions, he has made frefh Water Rivers and a continuous :^ Coaft" or Continent, \vherc there arc noble Straits and Inlets, with ialt Wa- ter PalTa.o-es, and nothin(>; but broken Land and Iflands. I fubmlt the Whole to Your Lord- fliips Confideratlon, and am, with the ,| higheil Refpe61-, Mj LORDS, Toar Lordfrj'ips Mojl Obciuoit^ and Mojl h/{}}ihk Servant^ Artiiuji Dobbs. ) : \■^,iil;V1jf.' THE PREFACE. \APTAIN Middleton haviiiQ- been appointed^ at my Injlance and Re- commendation^ Commander of the Furnace, upon the late Attempt to difcover the North-weji P^jJ'age to the Weflern Ocean 0/ America, and having difguifed and con- cealed from me^ upon his Return, many material Cricumjiances of the Difcovery, and mentioned feveral Things as Fa5fs concer^iing Currents, Streights, Rivers, &c. which appeared to mc in a quite different Light when T had perufed his Journal, he affrmhg large Streights to be frejh Water Rivers, and broken Coafts to the main hand, in his Letters, and that he had fearched narrowly the whole Coajl, which after- wards M P R E F A C E. wards, by his Journal, / foimd he had not fearched at all, but pajfed great Part of it in the Night, and was at a great Dijiajice from it in the Day-time, only ftanding in with fome of the Head-lands, which were known to be ljla?tds by others who were there before him : And afterwards finding by fome Gentlemen who had been the Voyage with him, that he had dif- guifed his Charts and Currents, in order to jlijle the Difcovery, 1 thought it my Duty to fcrti- tinize into his Behaviour, and therefore gave in a Set of ^eries againfl his CondiiB to the Lords of the Admiralty, to be anfivered by feve- ral of his Officers -, and thofe ^eries, with the Anfwers to the?n, were given to him by their Lordfjips, in order to his anjwering them, and making his Defence. i'hc qui him him COVi dill: Dij defi 7ne his \\ Captain Middleton accordingly has made the heft Defence in his Fewer to the Charge laid a^ gainft him, and has appealed to the Publick, by printing his Defence ; wherein he has advanced many Falfities, falfe Reafonings, Evafions, and intimidating Accounts, to prevent any farther Attempt. He has likcwifc publiped Jeveral Let- ters which J wrote to him, in order to fiipport bis Allegations, as far as he could, /)• : A P TA 1 N Middkton having appeal^ ed to the Public, by publifliing his Defence to the Objedions made to his Condudl in his Voyage to find out a Paflage Northweft, puts me under a Neccflity of taking the fame Method hy publifhing Remarks upon his De- fence, that the Falfities, falfe Reafonings, and Eva- fions, which make up the Bulk of his Defence, may not be impoled upon the Public for Truth ; nor his intimidating Accounts deter or prevent the Government from perfefling a Difcovery of fo be- neficial a Pafllige to tlie Weftern Ocean of America, which, I may lay, is now laid open to the View, and only wants its being profecuted to be thorough- »y known. B In I 1 11 1 ^ I t ' (2) In oivlcr to do this in the moft conciTe Manner, J mud follow Captain Mhldleton, in any Points ma-, tcrial to the Dilcovcry, Paragraph by Paragraph; and at the fame 'T'ime anfwer fuch Infinuations and Charges he is pleas'd to bring againft me by way of Recrimination, for attempting to fcrutinize into liis Condud:, referring to the Pages in his printed Defence. In his Letter to their Lordfliips, introducing his Dei'cnce, he (Iiys, Mr. Dobbs hai cajt his Reflexions together in fo confujed and incoherent a Manner, without Order or Method, that he was at a Lofs how be might mahe his Anfivers clear and dijlin£f ; and at iajl had no other IFay but to anfwer Paragraph by Pa- ragriipb^ and where he met Repetitions to refer back to his Anfwcrs. The Occafion of this was, thai the Paper he an- fwered, was not intended to be given him, until he had anfwered and difproved the feveral Queries referred to him by the Lords of the Admiralty, which had been already anfwered by the Lieutenant, Mafler.^ Surgeon, and Clerk ; and after he had given in his Anlwer to them, which were the- chief Things objeded to in his Condud, they were to confider whether he had fully anfwered to the Charge fup- ported by their Aniwers ; for as to his having been adually corrupted by the Hudfon*s E.iy Company, that could only have been colleded from his Omijfions and Negle£ls upon the Difcovery, and upon the Proof, whether he had been guilty of Fraud in laving down Charts with falfe Currents or Tides, making Streights where there were none, or Rivers where Streights, and making main Land where there was no Proof of it, but the ftrongeft Prefumptions to the contrary. Having left this Paper in the Admi- ralty as further Reafons of my own, but not then given as a Charge againll him, a noble Lordkfmg, that in this Paper there was a Charge, infinuating, that I 4 '■I ;iTe Manner, Points ma^ Paragraph ; Illations and me by way :rutinize into his printed reducing his his Reflexions '. a Manner, It a Lofs how Ilin6l', and at agrnph by Pa- to refer back Paper he an- 1 him, until veral Queries ; Admiralty, e Lieutenant, he had given chief Things to confjder Ciiarge fup- having been "Company, that his Omijftons upon the ud in laying !e?, making Ri'jers where ere there was Tumptions to n the Admi- but not then Z. •llM ( 6.) Summer, when they were all upon the Voynge, and my AlVairs calling {nc to Frelandy I took no further Steps in it till Spring 1734-5, when Biifinefs call*d mc again to Lor.don. 1 then confidering that the Company had a Charter from the Crown, it might be improper to embark the Public in an Attempt to difcover a PalTage and Trade, which might per- haps redound only to the Advantage of the Hudfon's Bay Company ; I therefore defired Col. Bladen to allow me to pcrufc their Charter in the Plan- tation-Office, that I might know their Right and Power, and judge whether it was proper to embark them or the Public in the Attempt. This he readily complied with ; and I, upon Pcrufal of the Charter, found by that they were invelled with vafl: Powers and Privileges-, and, as far as a Charter could grant if, with a Monopoly of all the Trade not only in the Bay, but in all the Countries they (hould dif- cover thro' the Pafliigc, not poflefsM by any Chri- ilian Power, with the Property of all the Lands and Rights of Sovereignty, as making Peace or War, raifing Troops and fitting out Ships of War, toits, ^c. to maintain their PoflefTions. Thefe Powers and Privileges furprized me-, and I thought if they were to have all the Profit of the Difcovery, they were the proper Perfbns to apply to, to make the Difcoveries. Upon this I again apply *d to Colonel Bladen for a 1 ^etter to Sir Bilfye I/ike, who I found was perpetual Governor of the Com- pany, to introduce mc to him, which he imme- tliately gave me, and 1 carried my Manufcript to liim ; and told him, as I had Reafon to believe there was a Pafiage, and found the whole Profit would redound to the Company upon a Difcovery, I defired he would perufe my Reafons for it ; and if he thought there was any Weight in them, that he would Jay it before the Company, and iiop*d they would fend out fome Sloops to attempt the Difcovery. ling 11^;: \ :■ I. ? Voyngp, and )olc no tiirther Bufinefs call*d ■ring that the )\vn, it might in Attempt to h might per- :)f the Hudfon's i Col. Bladen in the Plan- L'ir Right and iper to embark rhis he readily 3f the Charier, th vaft Powers ter could grant e not only in ,ey (hould dif- I by any Chri- all the Lands king Peace or Ships of War, fTions. Thefe and I thought the Difcovery, apply to, to again apply*d ir Bil>ye I/ike^ of the Com- lich he imme- iManufcript to ion to believe whole Profit a Difcovery, s for it i and |in them, that y, and bop'd attempt the Difcovery. (7 ) Difcovery. He told mc, as before, that the Com- pany iiad been at confidcrable Kxpencc in attempt- ing it under Barloiv^ when tlicy loft two Ships; but he would look over my Manufcript, and then judge of it. Upon this we parted j and upon waiting upon him fome Time atter, he told me he had con- fidered it, and found I had been at a good deal of Trouble in it ♦, that he had mentioned it to the Company, but they having loft 7 or 8000 /. in their Ship and Cargoes under Barlow, they were unwil- ling again to be at the Expcnce. I told him I was not defirous to put them to any great Expence : I only defired that they would order one or two fmall Sloops from Churchill to go to Ne Ultray and try the Height and Direftion of the Tides ; that this being not above 140 Leagues from Churchill, which might be fail'd to in four or five Days with a fair Wind, would be done for a fmall Expence ; and if they found there any Pafiage or Sea going Weftward, and a free Paflage from Ice, they might go fifty or fixty Leagues farther ; and if they met a Tide of Flood, they might immediately return, and fend a Duplicate of their Journal to the Company, for that would determine the PaiFage. Tliis he faid was fo trifling an Expence, that he believed the Company would do it, if it were only to fatisfy my Curiofity ; but at the fame Time faid, he hop*d I would not take it amifs if they dclay*d it for fome Time •, for at prefcnt they apprehended a French- War, {Franc eht\}[\^ then at War with the Emperor) and they were making ufe of all their Men and Money they could fpare in eredting a ftrong Stone Fort at Churchil ; for they were fure that the French would attack their Settlements the Moment a War was declared. I told him I thought it was very reafonable that they Ihould fecure their prefent Fadlorics before they made the Attempt ; but hoped when the Fort was built, or the Apprehen- fions ^il I I , iii (8) fions of a War were blown over, that they would tiK-n give proper Directions to their Sloops to pro- ceed upon the Difcovcry : This he promifed me, and fo we parted. After having fix'd this, I thought it would be proptr to find out as much as I could of the At- tf-nipt made by Barlow^ and whether any later Difcoveries had been made in the Bay, which, ap- prehending that the Company were in earneft in at- tempting the Paflage, fince ir would be fo much to their Honour and Profit, I thought might be eafily and properly done by applying to fome of their Captains who had ufed the Trade, and recollefting that I had read in the Tranfadions of the Royal So- ciety, fome Remarks upon the Variation of the Needle, ^c. in Hudfon^s Bay, communicated by one Capt. Middleton^ who commanded one of their Ships ; it naturally occurred to me, that he would be a pi'^per Pefrfon to be acquainted with, in order to get a jufl: Information of the Bay and late At- tempts made there, which I was quite a Stranger to, except what had been mentioned to me by Sir B i bye Lake anA Jones : I therefore defired Mr. Jllan, a Merchant in the City, a Friend of mine, to en- quire where he might be foMnd, and finding the Cof- lee-houle he frequented was a Coffee-houfe, in T'hames-Jlrcet^ near Billingfgate^ I went with Mr. ylllan^ and met him there. — Upon Mr. Aliunde, tel- ling him who 1 was, and the Reafon of my defiring to be acquainted with him ; I told him what Hopes 1 had of a PafHigc through Hudfo7i\ Bay to the We- itern Ocean, and what Steps I had taken towards t'lc Difcovery, by engaging the Company to under- take it, and how far they had promifed me ; and flioukl be pleall'd if he would communicate to me what he knew in relation to it, particularly as to Bdrlo'^i, Attempt, and the Sloop which went to en- quiie after him •, upon this he opened hinifelf free- ?. ly that they would r Sloops to pro- le promifed me, rht it would be luld of the At- hether any later Bay, which, ap- in earned in at- j be fo much to t might be eafily fome of their and recollefting of the Royal So- Variation of the ommunicated by ided one of their le, that he would ;d with, in order lay and late At- 1 quite a Stranger led to me by Sir efired Mr. Jllan^ of mine, to en- finding the Cof- Coffee-houfe, in went with Mr. n Mr. Allan'':^ tel- Dn of my defiring him what Hopes 3 Bay to the We- taken towards impany to under- omifed me -, and municate to me )articularly as to ^hich went to en- ncd himfelf free- ly (y ) Jy to mc, and faid when he fird engaged in iht limlfon^s Bay Service, it was pretty nuR-h with a \'icw of being able to make out ilie Pafliigc, having feen moil of the AccoLints publiflicd of thofe who attempred it, and particularly he mentioned Fox^ and toki mc it was one ^croggs who was Mafter of tiie Sloop who went to enquire about Baylo-jo\ Ships ; tliat lie wintered that Year in ChnrchV.l^ and was to have gone with Scroggs upon the Difcovery, T,vd to know what was become of the Ships •, but whc.i the Time fur going out was come, ^croggs wouki not kc him go with him ; and the Governour, be- ing a good-natur'd Man, did nor oblige him to take huu, lo he (laid until his Return. He alfo faid Si'roggs was no way qualified for fuch a Difcovery, flaid out but a fhort time, and fjme of his Hands defiling to return with the Ships that Year to Eng- land, was the Pretence for his coming back fo foon. He had not then feen the Journal, which the Com- pany gave him to perufe fome Years afterwards, when I found they had chican*d with me, and I had told *em I would Hnd others who wouki make the Attempt. He likcwife told me, that Knizbth^d. been one of their Governors, I think of Churchill, foon after tiie French gave up Fore Bourbon to them j and that he having had Notice from xht Indians to the North- ward of a fine Mine, and a Paifage to the Wcftern Ocean, thought it was a Gold Mine, and having a great Share in the Comp-uiy*s Stock, he defired Leave to return hoine, and then prelled the Com- pany, to give him two Ships lo go upon the Dif- covery and Trade, and had (Irong Chefts made to hold the Gold he was to bring home. The Com- pany were againll his going ; but as he was opini- aire, they durft not difoblige him, left he fliould apply clfcvvhere : Tiiis was the principal Part of our hrllDifcourle: and as I acfted then, as I thought, in Concert \\\\\\ the Company, and for their Ad- C vantape ,7-IB" . 1 > i -■'- iil 1 1 1 ; 1 l' ' 1 ( 10 ) vantage, I defired him that lie would communicate to me ail he could inform himfelt' of upon his next Voyage, which he promifcd me he woulil do. I be- lieve I law him once or twice again before he went his Voyage, tho' nothing material pafs*d •, but that upon his Return he faiil he would inform me of all he could in relation to the Paflage, v/hich he would do from time to time j and thus our Acquaintance and I-'riendfhip began. How inconfiitent this is with his luccinCt Account of our firft Acquaintance feven or eight Years ago, may be eafily fecn i or hovv 1 could then defirc him to quit the Company's Service, and often made flrong Applications to him for that Purpole, when I wasat thatTimeadling in Concert with the Company, and did not know but they vvere in earncll: until the Year 1737, when they pretended tliey had fent out their Sloops -, and it was from his own Iniimation by his Letter upon his Return that Year, that he let me know they had trifled with me, and did not defign to make any Dilcovery, Vide /Ippendix N^. Vill. and by his fevcral Letters it will appear, that inftead of my prefling him to quit their Service, that he preilcd me to get him appointed, and defired, in the mean time, that I Ihould conceal it from the Company, left he fhould lofe his Bread before he (ecured a Ship under the Government, which I ftri6lly complied with, even to cutting out his Name from his firft Let- ter, and covering over , another that his Name might not be mentioned to his Prejudice. But as the whole Detail of this would fwell thefe Remarks to a great Bulk, I ftiall refer to the Appen- diXf where I have inlerted all his Corrcfpondcnce %v'ith me, except fuch of his Letters as he himfelf has publiftied with mine in his Appendix, to which I refer, that thofe who have Curiofity enough to read them may find them there. Having thus given a Hiftory of our firft Corre- fpondeiice =1 ■! I communicate upon his next )uKl do. I be- ef ore he went fs'd ; but that orm me of all 'hich he would Acquaintance ifiilent this is : Acquaintance eafily fccn j or ;he Company's applications to latTimeadling i not know but '737^ when ir Sloops ; and is Letter upon know they had to make any d by his fevcral )f my prefling preilcd me to ;he mean time, npany, left he d a Ship under omplied with, his firft Let- hat his Name id ice. uld fwell thefe r to the Appen- "orrcfponddnce as he himfelf iix^ to which l enough to read ur Hrft Corre- fpondence fpondence, being very different from his Account to their Lordfhips, fupportcd by his own Letters, I fliall now remark upon the Anlwers given in by him Paragraph by Paragraph, where they arc any way material, and then fum up his Proofs by his Sea-Jownals^ Anjwers and Affidavits, and fliew thar they are throughout /i'/.^' or ^■v^zt ; and^hat the Proofs brought againft him of OmilTion and Ne- gleft, are agreeable to Facts, even laid down in his Journal, and to Reafon ; and that there are levcral Frauds and Falfities impofed by him upon the Pub- lick, in order to his making our, that there is m PalTage to prevent any future Attempt, and that there is a ftrong Prcfumption that he has been de- luded or corrupted by the Hudfon's Bay Company, fince no Body can, or will al.'edge, that thefe falfe Currents, frozen Streights, large frefli Rivers, and Continents (where no llich Things were) were af- firmed and laid down by him as Fads, through Ig- norance. But to begin : His firfl: Paragraph in his Manu- fcript, in the fifth Page of his printed Defence, is all falfe. See my Narrative, fupported by bis own Letters, and Sir Byb^'e Lakes^ upon the Return of the Sloop-, for until after 1737 I ailed, as I thought, in concert with the Company. He himfelf firlt informed me, that the Company trifled with me, and oflered his Service. See his Letters. Appendix ^"^ Ml. VIII. and XII. Fie once afked me, if I zvonld go myfetf. I faid, If I was younger, and my Bufwefs iL'ould have permit- ted, I be!i£V*d I fhouldgo •, hut as I ivasjituated, I could 7wt. Page 6. in the printed Copy, my pro- mifin" him a royal Grant is fal'b and abfurd ; for it was his own Defire to be employed -, nor did he give the Company r.iiy Notice, that I ever heard of, until he was fixed in the Furnace ; and then he told me he went and gave up their Commiflion, for he C 2 prefbM ■•\ ; !' \i /U| m.\ f V \ 1 '(li i ii! 1 1 ^ 1 1 J ■ t I ■ ( >2 ) prefsVi to have every thing fix'cd, bccaiife the Time was apprcachin?^ ichcn he muji again engage "^i^h the Company. See App. N". XXI. I made him no alluring Pycviffes., when he prf iVd to be made a Poll-Cap- tain, to take Rank in the Navy, in order to have his Chance of being, an Admiral, which Sir Charles Wager feidwasallhe could mean by it. He told him in could not be done, but he would make him Com- mander cf both Ships, v/ithoiit a Purfer, fincc his Compliment in the Furnace did not exceed fixty Men ; and I told him, as I hop*d Things would fuccced well, he muft, of courfe, be gratified upon his Return. lie lays, I had the modelling of his hiJiru5iions, vjhcre there ijnas no Mention of f earthing any Coafi or Tide J or at templing a Dif cover y South of Whale bo ne- Poinr, in Gn, Dcg. As to my modelling his Inftruftions, all I could then know was from Fox and Scroggs, and therefore believed the Welcome at Whalebone-Pointy near 65 Deg. the mod probable Place ; I then knew of no Opining near Fy'hale Cove in 62 Deg. 30', nor near Aiarble-JJland, and could only give Inftrudtions as far as 1 knew : But he, who knew there were O- pcnings there, from Lovegrove and others at Church- bill, and from ihe Lieutenant ^t Marble-I/land ; and he himlelf, in Council at Cape Frigid, owned that all the Coafl, from Cape Dobhs to Brook Cobham, was broken Land and Iflands, with llrong Tides *, how came he not to follow that Part of his Inftrue- tions, viz. That upon any unforcfeen Emergency he Jldoidd advife with his Officers, and aSl for the befi of the Service in which he was employed. He, in Page 7, lays a great Strefs upon mv being convinced that there was no Fajjage from the Extract he fcnt me. As I then believed him a Man of Integrity, when he afiirnied the Wager to be a va^ frejh iVater River i on caufe the Time 'ngage with the lim no alluring ie a Poft-Cap- order to have ich Sir Charles I. He told him lake him Com- irfer, fmcc his Dt exceed fixty Things would ; gratified upon his InJlru£lions, 3 ) River, and all to be main Land, from Brook Cob- ham to Repulfe Bay j how could I then fay other- wife ? Or could I fay any thing clfe in my Letter of the 14th of O£iober, until I had fome Realbn to doubt his Veracity, when he affirmed, that there was undoubtedly no Paffage from Churchill to Cape Frigid ? Page 9, he fays. Soon of ter I commenced his bitter Enemy. After I had got his Journal at large, I found he had concealed, in his Letters, material Parts of the Difcovery from me, and had flighted all the Coaft where the Paffage was mofi promifing ; and, foon after, having an Account from fome who were on board him, that he had falfified Fadls, had made a large frozen Streight, in order to bring in his Tide, and Whales, where was only a fmall Arm of the Sea frozen over, round an Ifland \ and that Paffage filled with Iflands, the whole not three Leagues wide, and laid down Currents and l^ides from thence contrary to Truth ; was it not incum- bent upon me to find out the Truth ? Could that be done by apprizing him of it, to give him Time to take off the Evidence ? as it is plain he did in the Inlfance of the Mafler, who now contradi6ls or evades many of the Fad:s he voluntarily told me ; and even in his written Anfwer, which was much ^- hove his Capacity, and was wrote in Concert with the Captain, he anfwered to Fadls he denied he knew any Thing of, when he was examined before the Lords of the Admiralty, and refufed anfwering to the 2d Qjery, which he had anfwered before the Lords, and confirmed every material Article of the Direction and Breadth of Wager Streight, its being free from Ice, and the Water brackiih as far as he went; tho' he palliated all he could : But in his written Anfwer he referred to his Report, which was not before the Admiralty then, nor was it to the Purpofe if it had been there. He m rm\: il? I I I i I ( M.) ITc then abdracfls my Letter of 2 2d January^ letting him know I had found out from his Journal, that he had been in the Pajjage^ &c. to which, he fays, he foon returned me an Anfwer at large. Moft of that Anfwer was abfolutely falfe, or eva- five, contrary to his former Letters, and the Lie*u- tcna?it*Sy Surgeon's, and Clerk* s Anfwers, and to what the Majier owned before the Lords of the Ad- miralty. Page 10, what he mentions of Mr. Samuel Smith is fall'e, nor was he an Agent of mine. See bis own Jccount. App. N*^. XLII. The Affair of my meeting the Lieutenant, Sur- geon and Clerk, is falfely related, as mofl other Things are by him ; and my endeavouring to find out the Truth is no uncandid Treatment: The Faft is this ; as MefTrs. Thompfon and Wigate had, on the 21ft of January, informed me, by an anonymous Letter, in Ireland, that the Publick and I had been grofly impofed upon, and hoodwink*d by Captain M n, by impofing falfe Fa5ls, and concealing the Difcoveries ; thefe Gentlemen finding him re- folvcd to ftifle the Difcoveries, by difguifing and al- tering his Charts, making out frozen Streights where there were none, and cloftng up Str eights, and mak- ing Rivers and Main-Land, where there were O- penings and broken Land, and altering the Direc- tion oT the Tides and Currents, to anfwer the End he defign'd ; they having had Reafon to fufpeft his Conc1u6l upon the Voyage, thought it fcandalous and unjufl to the Publick to conceal what they kne'.v j and as they were acquainted with my Correfpon- dence with him, the Clerk having been employed in writing his Anlwers to mc, by which they found how he endeavoured to fal/ify Fads, and thinking it unjuft to have me impoied upon fo fcandaloufly, af- ter all the Pains I had been at in promoting fo be- neficial a Difcovery, they thought it a Piece of Ju- 11 ice 2 2d January^ m his Journal, to which, he at large, r falfe, or eya- fwers, and to )rds of the Ad- r. Samuel Smith e. See his oivn jeutemnt, Sur- as moft other vouring to find lent : The Faft 7rt/^had, on the ^ an anonymous and I had been ik'd by Captain y, and concealing finding him re- difguifing and aU I Streights where ighfs^ and mak- re there were O- :ering the Direc- anfwer the End Ton to fufpea his ffht it fcandalous ,vhat they kne*.v •, my Correfpon- been employed ;hich they found , and thinking it fcandaloudy, af- ^romoting fo be- it a Piece of Ju- fticc ( 15 ) ftice to the Publick, and to mc, to acquaint me v/ith his Views, and put me upon a Scrutiny into his Conducl ; accordingly wrote me a Letter. See JfidaviLN"" .XLl.Thcy Jcfir'd n^tlodin'^noMeJrs. Brook ajjd Cobham, ai the Chapter Coffee-houie, St, P.xuVs Churchyard, thry promifing to fend me fome Queries upon the Voyage. I anfwered the Abetter, not knowing whetlier it was genuine or not, but told them, if it was genuine, and they fent me over fuch Qiieries as riiey mentioned, that upon the Receipt of their Letters I would come over X.0 London^ and give them all the Affiftance in my Power to make another Attempt. Accordingly I got an Anfv/er from them, with fome Queries, referring me for farther Particulars until we met. See App. N^. XXXVIII, Upon my coming to London I wrote them a Note ; they appointed a Meeting in the City, and there they convinced me that the Captain had faljified his Chart and Currents, i^c. Upon this I thought it the bed way to fpeak with the Lieutenant^ betbre I fhould meet with the Cap- tain, and they acquainting me where he lived, I wrote to him to come and dine with me, and de- fir*d that the Surgeon and Clerk f>;Ould come with him j the Lieutenant came before them, and I afk*d him fome Queftions abou: the Weft End of Wager River, and what he obferved there, and found him a little fl^y in giving any dired or full Anfwer ; for I gave him no Light into what I had in View, only aiking general Queftions. When the others came, the Difcourfe became more general about the Voyage ; and Mr. fVigale mentioned the Converfa- tion the Captain had at Churchill, and aflced the Lieutenant if he did not remember it j for they had often talk*d it over together-, which the Lieute- nant did not deny, and by Degrees owned feveral of the Particulars of the Voyage -, of his being car- ried out fouthward of Wager River with the Ebb. This n. I fi . M' iU I I I; ( i6 ^ This was all that pafsM at that Time, out of which the Captain is to build or frame a Confj^iracy in us againft him. Upon his hearing of this, he delennined to pay me a Vi/tt, Page ii. What followed, as near as I can recoiled, was in thcfe Terms : He taxed me with not iceiiig him as foon as I came to London, and yet Iceing his OfFjcers-, I told him I was obliged to pay Compliments upon my coming to Town, and that I wanted to be latisfied about fume Favfts from his Officers before I faw him \ but that my princi- pal View at that Time was opening the Trade to the Bay, and fettling that Part of America and the Lakes. He faid he would ajftjl me in that, and gave me an unfinifhed Chart of the whole Bay, which he was then engraving, and faid he could get me a Ma- nufcript of the Hiftory ot the Iroquefe, wliich he lent me next Day; I told him that his Correfpon- dence and Familiarity with the Company, made me think that he had too great a Regard for them ; he (liid I had no Reafon to think To, for before he went abroad, he had told me of the Offer they had made him of 5000 /. which he had alfo mentioned to Sir Charles IVager and others ; and if he had ta- ken any thing from them, that he would noc have told it i but he faid that the Company, by Sir Bibye Lake, had promifed him two Years Salary of 120 /. per annum not to hurt their I'rade, and 1 could not blame him for endeavouring to get that Money ; but now Sir Bii^ye denied he had made him any fuch Promife. He then defired that I would recom- men '.im to the Lords of the Admiralty. I told him I was quite a Stranger to their Lordfhips ; but promifed to call upon him when I went into the City. CJpon his going away he faid, he hop*d if I could be of no Service to him with the Admiralty, I would be of no Diflervice to him. I told him I would not any farther than this, that as I apprehended there 2 was for ;, out of whicl\ ionlpiracy in us nined to pay me as near as I can taxed me with to London, and [ was obliged to to 1 own, and JlllC T?, rv- that my princi- o- the Trade to dmerica and the I that, and gave e Bay, which he lid get me a Ma- oquefe, which he t his Correfpon- npany, made me d for them i he for before he e Offer they had alfo mentioned nd if he had ta- would noc have ny, by Sir Bibye Salary of 120/. and I could not ^et that Money 1 ,de him any fuch would recom- miralry. I told Lordfhips; but nt into the City, lop'd if I could . iralty, I would him 1 would not rprehendcd there was ('7) was a Paflige, I would have tliat AlFair fairly laid before tlitm -, and thus we parted What Jmmy Smith pretended to inform him of, I know not : He was a Youth, who had been an Ap- prentice in Dublin, and wliorc 1 atlicr vvai niy Fi icud ; he bcuig a little wild, wanted to go to Sea ; fo I rctcommendcd him to the Cap/ain to take him the Voyage. I faw him but once or twice, and had no Convcrfation with him upon the Vovapr. onlvnflc- ing him if he had been up irager River, lie faid he was not fuffer'd to go afhorc, except once, when he went to an Ifland with the fuk Men -, fo that the Scheme he mentions, for invalidatir.g his J 'ournaly ^vhiih I drofd, was an Embrio of his own Brain ; for it was from his own Journal that I fupported my Charge againft him. He tiien fays in his Manufcript to the Admiralty, 7/7/ now I had only felt a Concern for Mr. Dobbs, ivho had fo fbamefully departed from his Integrity \ bur, lA his printed Defence, he has changed it to, "joho had behaved to me in fo ungenteel a Manner, but this In- telligence warned him to take Care of his own Reput'.i- tion, fo had a Meeting with Rankin, and Wilfon thj Mafter, to compare their Logg-Books, and then figned them with Jemmy Smith. At the fame time he fays in the Manufcript, that Rankin and Wilfon both declared an Abhorrence of mypra^ifing with them j this, in his printed Defence, he has again changed in- to, declared an entire Diflike of my praSlifing with them, and then refers to IVilfon^s Affidavit. As to Wilfon (the Majler) I never faw him but the Day after he landed from Holland, except at the Admiralty : I did indeed think it very material, to hear what he could fay before the Captain had tu- tor*dhim -, and underftanding he was in Holland, and that the Captain had wrote to him, I defir'd the5;^r- 'geon and Clerk to bring him re me as foon as he landed, before he could fee the Captain, which ac- D cordingly I. ! 1 1 li! ;l I i !•; 'i ! ! 1 i i ■ t i ■ ( i8) corduij^ly ihcy vliJ. When he came, 1 did not im- portune him to let down any Thing in Writing, as mentioned in his All'idavit, nor did lie rcfufe to an- fwtT, or refer to his Log and Journal, as he there fvve.irs. 1 at once told him openly and candidly what I was about, which was to have the full Kiiuv\Icdgc of v.'l'.at Dircovpfips were made, to lay before the Admiralty •, for I wanted to have nothing but the Truth appear; and as he and the Lieutenant liad ^ow. the farthcff up fi^'ager River^ as I found by their Report, I defired he would give me an Ac- count of all he obferved when at the N. W. Bluff, which he freely and openly did in near the follow- ing Words, which 1 minuted down the Moment he left the Room, viz. That another Man and he went higher up the Mountain than the Lieutenant, where they kill'd a Deer -, that he ovcrlookM all the iriands to the northward, which were between the Branch they were in and the main Channel, and i;iw beyond them a fair open Channel, four or five Leagues wide, the Courfe running S. W. betwixt high broken Lands •, that he faw between the Jflands and the Mountains he was upon, near the Shore, about a L.eague from the Bear, a Current or Fail oi "Water, and upon his getting to the Boat, told the Lieutenant, that he wanted to go further to try the Current and Streigbt he faw •, but the Lieutenant faid his Provifions were ipent, and he had exceeded his "Warrant in going fo far, and flaying fo long, and duril tranfgrefs no further. To which he anfwered, To ivhat Purpofe are isje come fo far, if it be not to make a Difcovay of t' e PaJ/age ? He faid farther, that the "Whales he faw near Deer Sound were as large, true, black Whales as any in Greenland^ and that they mull: have come from the weflward, and never came in at the Eafi Lntrance of the /?/wr Wager Uom the Welcome, or they would have been ii.{:.vi below j and faid, that the Water there was qi 2 /^// i c, I did not im- r in Writing, as i he rcfure toan- •nal, as he there ly and candidly o have the full ere made, to lay ,1 to have nothing ,nu the Lieutenant iiver, as 1 found d give me an Ac- theN.W. Bluff, [1 near the follow- n the Moment he ther Man and he in the Lieutenant, he overlook' d all hich wer<' between nain Channel, and mnel, four or five ing S. W. betwixt xtween the I Hands 1, near the Shore, Current or Fall ol the Boat, told iht further to try the ; the Lieutenant faid e had exceeded his ying fo long, and vhich he anfwered, far, if it be not to He laid farther, ^eer Sound were as in Greenland^ and the weflward, and ranee of the River y would have been Water there was ai fdi ( 19 ) Jals as any he liad tafled in thofc Seas ; and that tlicrc was no L-e near Deer Sound to prevent their RiHage, nor any to the weftward of the BliilF tliey were at, but all was an open Sea. And u[X)n enquiring about the Tide at the Mouth of the River IFager, he fiiid, that he was carried upon the lee by the Tide of Ebb clofe to the Rocks, South about Cape Viobhs: He faid farther, that from the Oblei vation he had made of the Tides near Brook Cobham, than there were great Hopes of a Paflage there •, for he had obferved, by Marks on Shore, that there had been very high I'ides, and afla-d Leave of the Captain to go alhore again to obfcrve them; but th. Cap- tain, under Pretence that he had rtaid too lotui, be- fore, faid he fliould not go alhore whilll he llaid there, and accordingly fent others. See this Alimite in the Appendix, N°. XXXV. Upon this 1 told him his Account was very material, and dciired he would reduce it into Writing, and fign it, that Mr. Wigatc would afllft him in doing it \ and then we parted, he going away with the Surgeon and Clerk, who were prefent, I was afterwards told that Captain Middleton, who was upon the Watch for him, carried him home in a Coach the next Evening, and prevailed upon him to write nothing, but to appeal to his Journal and Report ; and when Mr. IFigate went to get him to reduce into Writing what he had de- 'clar'd to me, he faid he would come near me no more •, for he ivoiiki be the Ruin of no Man, he won la beg his "Bread firjl. See App. N^ XXXVI. Upon his Examination before the Lords of the Admiralty, he was a very unwilling Vi^itnefs, denying part of what '^he had owned to me, faying the Streight went W. iS. W. inftead of S. W. and was about four Leagues ^ wide inftead of five -, but owned it was free from Ice ; jrhe faid the Water was brackifh, but not fo filt as he \ before had told me, and faid it wai TiOt taken up in the i D 2 main l''l \\l\ m I iiti 11! ( I I ' !•) * ( 20 ) main Channel, but near the Sliorc, below the Cur- rent or Fall of Water, and laid lie bilievttl the Whales might conic In by tlu' Mouth of the River, and that the Tide Inirry'd hini out as tar as Cape Dohbs^ but ilid not c.iny hini round it. In Jiis writ- ten Anfvvcr, whicli he figned, lie varied much from \vh It he gavr in I'.vidence before the Lords, not anfwering (omn material Points that he had before anfvvered, referring to iiis Journal and Hcport, whieli waj) iiuL iu ilic Tuint, and was not th"n be- fore them \ and gave dired falfe Anfwers to Fads he told the Lords he knew nodiing of, i)articularly about the fiozcn Slyeigbt ;ind Tiile there, and all fiom Lleai lay, in the Captain's own Words j his wiiulc Ani\vv.i ieciulii^ lu be iorm'd or reviled by the Captain. I need not here enter into a JuQification of my Aftions about my jhann fully departing from my hitc- gy'ity^ nor at their ikclarhig an Abhorrence of my pratiifmg ivilh tbnu^ and endeavouring co make the I.icutcnmn\'i Jl'ifc refcnt his threatening to cane hm^ or from encering into a Confpiracy againfl: him, and enliflhig the Surgeon and Clerk in my Service, by promiiing them all ComvitincU and Eniploynicnts. The Captain Ipeaks here a little inco/ifdlently about iiis Clerk i for he iiiys, be liflcd in my Service, upon tie- count that be bad not made biiii a Purfer, and yet at the fame rime owns he NJiVER ask'd it ; but as thefe Accuiiuions are only the Cobwebs of his own Brain, without i^roof, if I can Ihew his Defence to be made up of Falfities, Art and Evafions, and that his Affidavit-Men fwear nothing to his Purpofe, all very indeterminately, nioll by Hearfay, and to Fadts, either without, or beyond, theirKnowledge, or without Proof for their Aflcrtions (great Part being taken from the Veracity of tlie Captain) where they cither were not prefent, or were not capable of judging )U(I At C( <( below the Ciir- lic belie veil the h of the River, It as tar as Cape it. Im his writ- ricd nuicli from the Lords, noc Lt he had before U and Report, ^nCwers to lads ; of, particularly e there, and all N\\ Words i his *d or reviica by iftification of my ing from my hik- Ihborycme of my iring to make the ning to cam bim^ .(^ainfl: liim, and my Service, by Zmi'loymcnts. Tlie illently about his \Scrvke, upon ac- \irf'.r^ and yet at Isk'd it •, but as vvebs of his own w his Defence to vafions, and that his Purpofe, all learfay, and to eirKnovvledge, or |(great Part being ain) where they not capable oi judging (21 ) juilging of h\\Bs^ Curretits^ &cc. then all this grand Accufation will fall to the Ground 'Loilb its Autbor. He lays be oui^bi not to forget Air. Lanrick*, the* his Quotation from him is no way material in his Defcnc: mly that I recommended liini, and he was civil to him •, ami yet this lame Lanrick lays, in his Letter to me (which feems in great part to have been revis'd by the Captain, as it is almoll a Tranfc ript of his, with only this fingle Addition) that tbe Ice 'ixjiii jufi licaKift^ up -wmn ibcy t/titr u irjt ivivcr, ami that they at lajl got to the frelh Water Stream. But alter all is over about the Voyage, lie adds, " Sir, *' this Account I would have lent you much foon- *' er ; but the Captain, fnr Rcnfmif tn l-iimiMf l-.*>0: " known, defircd that none of us fhould fay any thing •' relating to the Difcovery for a little." As to my contriving that my Scheme fhould not take Air until his Men were difperfed \ I reckon it my Misfortune that they were dilperfed before he fent me his Journal, which he delay'd, I believe, with a View that they Jliould not appear againlt him ; for I was obliged to enquire after the proper Per- Ibns who knew molt : The Lieutenant^ Surgeon and Clcrk^ were in London^ but the Mafier was in Hol- land^ the Carpenter gone, no Body knew where, who was a material Evidence about the frozen Str eight. Axa^ the Gunner^ was at Liverpool^ who was wrote to, and lent his Anfwer and Draught to a Lord of the Admiralty, which is full againft his frozen Str eight, [SecApp. N°.XXX1X.] and his Tide and Whales coming through it. It was but three Leagues wide, and full of Iflands, furrounding the Ifland they flood upon. Thofe who ftaid with the Boat were not to be had, nor the Man who was with the Mafier above the High Bluff; thefe were the molt material as to the chief Fads. Having thus obferved upon his Narrative of our firft Acquaintance, and the Intercourle and Corre- fpondencc I < . ]* '• . ill iit! M !l ;iii |!:> ( 22 ) ipondence betwixt u', •, 1 fliall now make fome Ob- lervations upon hi:i Anfwers to the Objections I made to his Conduft in tht Voyage fo far as relates to the Difcovery of the Pajfage. As to the Obfervation made about a ^/n^Tide at tlie head Laml near Brook Cohha?n^ in wli'-:.!! he can't guef's my Meaning, and refers to his Journal and Majler\ Anfwer, I alfo refer to the Lieutenant*^ Surgeon's and Clerk\ Anfwers to Qiiery X. and alfo to the Aft of Council fign'd by him, the Ma- Jler, &c. at Cape Frigid, Aug. 8, 1742, wherein they agreed to make farther Obfervations between 64 and 63 Deg. on the North-fide of the Welcome, hav- ing feen large Openings, broken Land, and Iflands, zvith llrong Tides, hut had no Opportutiity of trying from whence the Hood came in their Pajfage thither ; and yet here he can't tell what I mean by a Stri^l or Strong Tide. To the next Obfervation about PFhales not be- ing feen in the Streight«; of Hudfon, or any part of the 5m', but on the North-weft Shore, He fiys, in the Manufcript Copy, that he has feen JVhales 20 or 30 Leagues up the Streigbts -, but, in his printed Defence, he Aiys, he has feen them fifty or fixty Leagues up the Str eights, and has traded for frefli Bone in all Parts of the Str eight and Bay, as far down the Bay as 56 Deg. Now, this is falfe, fiom his own Letter of the 27th of November, 1742. Set" his /Appendix. N^.XIV. Where he owns he never faw M'^hales in Hudfon*s Streights higher than tweniyLengucs from the Entrance, and there only fays, that ke traded for Whale- finn and Oil at Nottingham and Digg's-Kles, and fays, he cannot think that they came round Cary*s Swan's Neft, but thro* H]?^ frozen Strait. Now he is pinch'd, he fays, ke has feen them fixty Leagues up., and traded for Whale-fin n in all Parts of the Streights and Bay: Is he to be believed in this, where he contradic5ls him- fcU ? Here he forgets what he wrote to me in January Tiake lome Ob- bjeclions I made • as relates to the )ut a Stri£l Tide w;, in wli'-h he rs to his Journal ) the Lieutenant*s Qiiery X. and Dy him^ the Ma- 1742, wherein itions between 64 e Welcome, hav- and, and Iflands, ^ortunityof Hying r P.ajfage thither ; mean by a StrUi Whales not be- »7, or any part of •e. He i^iys, in the Whales 20 or 30 printed t)cfence, 'ty Leagues up the one in all Parts cf le Bay as 56 Deg. tter of the 27th N\XIV.Where Lidfon's Streights ilrance, and there inn and Oil at fays, he cannot Swan's Neft, kit pinch'd, he fays, cwd traded for ghts and Bay : Is contradifts him- wrocc to me in January ( 23 ) January 1737-8, wliere he fiys : They all agree that a great many Whales are feen in the Welcome, whereas I don't rememkr to have feen any in the other Parts of Hud ion *s Bay, and I ha've been in all Parts of it, except the Welcome, which are all favourable Cir- cumjlances (for a Palfage). See Jpp.^°.VlU. And in his Letter of November 1739, he acquainted me the Company had fent out two Sloops (by my Solici- tation) upon the Difcovery ; they profecuted their Voyage no farther than 62^'. 15' North, and returned without "diking any new or ufcful Difcovery, fo far as I can learn : ^hey found a great many IJlands, Abun- dance of Black Whales, but no wry great Tides, the highefl about two Fathoms, the Flood coming from the Northward, See his Letter. Appendix, N^ XIII. As to his Obfervation of the Finn breaking off from the Mouth of the Whale in a fliort Time, we mud, it feem?, believe it, becaufe 7;?^ fays fo ; but fuppofing it were true, the Finn might have been long taken, tho* it lookW frefh, and 'tis known that the FJkimaux Indians have fome very large Boats, chiefly made of Bone, wherein they often crofs the Bay. See the French Accounts. f lis Anfwer to my next Obfervation (to prove that Wager is a Streight, anti not a frefJj Water River) is all evafive or falfe ; and his Reafons, to fupport his Conclufions, no way fatisfaclory. The Tides flowing from the Ealhvard, llnce it was a Streight, is no Rcafon at all -, witnefs Magellan Streights, the Channel betwixt England and France, Ihidfon*^ Streights, &c. The Tides leflening the higher it flow'd, not conclufive, fuppofing the Fait^ be true, as by Narborough\ Account of Magellan Streights, Hudfon's Streights, Sec. The Waters being brackilh above Deer Sounds taken up upon the Surface among Ice, no Rcafon ; efpecially fince it wa:. fait or braekifli fifteen Leag, higher up ; nor is the Water-fall he mentions, which brought ihc Boat to a Grapnel, tho* a League froin iti. ■■'i -I !■ I . 'Hi • h ( 24 ) it : For, by the Lieutenant*s firfl:, and moft ge- nuine Report, before it was alter*d to be made more palatable to the Captain, he fays, the Current or Frefh turned Juddenly againji him, which fliews it to be a Tide and not a Fall of frejh Water, as he would infinuate. The Words are thefe : In running up a Branch of the main River, they had fifty Fa- thoms, and running between the IJlands and the Ocean on the JVefi Side of that Branch, the Tide or Freflies fuddenly turned againfi us, t \ e Boat altering the Land very much before. Sounded near the TJland, and found no Ground at 6S Fathoms. Does this Account make it a Fall of freJh IVater ? Ought it not rather to be efteemed a llrong Ripling, thro* a narrow Pafllige, betwixt the Iflands and the fuppofed Main they were on ? Plis next Anfwer, about the Depth and Breadth, is fallacious and evafive, and no way pa- rallel ; there being no River io wide or deep, or any I'hing like it, either in Sweden or Norway -, and it is known that Trees and Shrubs grow upon frefh Water Rivers in more northerly Latitudes ; above Borneo at the Flead of the Bothnic Gulph ; thro' the greatell Part of Lapland ; at Petzora, among the Samoyedes \ on the Oby, Jenifca, Lena, &c. The Account, he fays, he had from Norton, I have Rcafon to believe is a Fiction, formed in his own Brain to anfwer his Purpofe, otherwife Norton would no: have told him that he believed there was a Paffage near Whalebone Point j and therefore wants much better Vouchers : For there are feveral Perfbns, now living, who know the exaft Time of Norton's fetting out upon his Travels, and the T'me of his Return, who all agree, that Norton was a poor Boy, taken an Apprentice by the Hudfon*s Bay Company, and fent over to one of their Fadlories in Hudfon's Bay. After he had ferv*d three Years of his Time, he became a tolerable Linguift for the Languages oi" thofe Nations that traJ<-d with the Hudfon's Bay Company's , and moft ge- :*d to be made fays, the Current which fliews it <;Jh Water^ as he ihefe : In running hey had fifty Fa- ids and the Ocean ' Tide or Freflies altering the hand bnd, and found no Lccount make it a not rather to be narrow Pafiiige, >oled Main they It the Depth and and no way pa- le or deep, or any or Norway ; and grow upon frefii Latitudes-, above Gulph i thro' the zora^ among the na^ &c. im Norton^ I have d in his own Brain Norton would nor lere was a Paflfage "ore wants much feveral Perfbns, rime of Norton s the T'me of his n was a poor Boy, 7*s Bay Company, :ories in Hudfon^i ears of his Time, the Languages the Hudfons Bay Company's ( 25) Company's Faclors.---When Norton was about fe- venrctn Years of Age, a Faflory was firfl: begun to Ijc fcf tied near C/^Wti*;// River, in order to enlarge ilie Company's Trade ; and Norton was pitc'i'd up- on, tho' a Youth, to go in queft of a Naiion of Nortlicr-i Indians^ (he fpeaking their Language) to acquaint them there was a Fadlory fettled at Cbur- chi!^ for promoting a Commerce between that Na- tion and the Company. Norton {^ii out in his Ca- noe, with a Northern Indian^ the Middle of July, 17 17, and went no farther to tlie Northward than the Latitude of 60 Dv-g. He there left his Canoe, and travelled in-land in queft of this Northern Nacion, took a great Sweep to the Southward of the Weft, and found them returning to their Win- ter Quarters. Fie engag'd fome of thofe People to travel with him to Churchill^ where they all ar- rival about Chrijlmas the fame Year, after having endur'd a great many Hardfliips. — How does this Relation, which is well known to be Matter of Faft, tally with Captain Middletonh Story of the Indian''?^ and Norton*s travelling by Land to 68**. their feeing the Sun running round the Horizon for feveral Days together, efpecially Norton, who muft have inverted the Order of Nature, by feeing the Sun above the Horizon for feveral Days together in Winter-time, when in 68°. But this is of a Piece with his Account of the Tides, Frozen Streight,£r?r. ■ As for his elaborate Calculation for meafuring the Diftance between Churchill and Latit. 68^. upon the Arch of a great Circle, he might have faved him- felf that Trouble, as well as his Reafoning after, wards, fince his firft Principle is falfe to a Demon- ftration. Mr. Frojl, who was the Company's Lin- guift, and many Years in their Service, and had travelled a great Way North-weft of Churchill, in- formed me that near the Shore to the Northward the Trees were fmall and low •, that within Land, E at !■ ■(.' !i>! f i • ij ^ii f i ' ' i Ij > 1 1 1 ( 2.6 ) at ibmc Dilbnce lioiii the Shore, there vva-; nothing but Mols tor tifty or lixty Miles; but beyond tliat the//////iz;;.f told them there were large Woods. SeeSur.^ geon'o /hxount in the Appendix, and Clerk's. N^.XL. His Anfwcr about the Whales being above Deer Sound, when none were belo'w or without the River, is referred to his Log and Affidavits. I d<^P.re alio that the Lieutenant*^ firft Report may be look'd inco, wherein he lays, there is a great Pro- lability cf an Openi7ig on the Wcfi-ftde by the coming in of the IVhales \ and again, in coming down, i^c faw "eery large black Whales playing about the Boat^ and in Shore ; the Reafon they were not leen farther JVrJi than a little above Deer Sound, may be, that either being but once up, and Haying too fljort a ^ime, tliey might not fee any; or being in a rapid Tide and narrow Paflage betwixt the Iflands and S. W. Mi'in, it mighc be no proper Place for their Feeding, the main Channel being to the northward of them, beyond the Iflands. Befides, it is very probable that they go flill eaftward as far as the Ice will allow them, until they get into the Bay ; for the Sea-Spiders, which they feed upon, are al- vays near the Ice, and in (hallow Water, near the Shore. See the Account of the Whale-Fifhing in Green- Jand. His Reference to the Log-book mull be ei- ther his Pocket Log-book, or that of the Difcovery^ whcrp he mifiht enter or alter what he pieafcd. Tlie large Log-book belonging to the Furnace, which I J'-lr at ihe Admiralty, I carefully perufed, and found no fuch thing as Whales feen without Wager River. As to tiie Affidavits of 'Towns, &c. they were all of Men on board the Difeovery ; and two of them fwcar they faw two or three black Whales, but perhaps their View of them might have betji like the Captain's ; for upon his telling me he had feen two or three as he came out of Wager River. and my anfwering him it was no? iiiinuted tjither in 2 Log- kzv^ lere wa^^ nothing but beyond tliat : Woods. See Sur... Clerk's. N^XL. being ac^oue Deer vithout the River, • . firft Report niay ^re is a great Pro- 1-fide hy the coming oming down, ive fig about the Boat^ re not I'een farther idy may be, that [laying too Jhort a »r being in a rapid the Iflands and S. per Place for their r to the northward Befides, it is very vard as far as the get into the Bay ; feed upon, are al- / Water, near the le-FiJhing in Green- ;-book mull be ei- : of the Difcovery, It he pleafcd. The Furnace, which I .Illy perufed, and eeyi without Wager 2''owHS^ &c. they ifiovery ; and two iree black Whales, might have been telling me he had It of IVager River. p minuted tjither in Lpg- ( 27 ) Log-book or Journal, but cxpreQy fcc down, in go- ing up to the Ice, near Wager Rivcr^ hitherto ccv have fcen no Whales, hut only one zvhiie Whale, as big as a Grampus, and three or four Seals \ and none whom I had converfed with, who had been on board, had feen or heard of any. He replied, I am fare I heard one or two blow -, and now by the Affi^iavits they were only ((^tn from the Difcovery. Buc in his Letter to me of the fifth of February, lie txpredy fays, they had feen Whales without Wager River af- ter they came out, and before they went in ; lu^.d now his Whole Proof amounts to no more th.in three feen (if true) after they came out, lb that he proves his former Letter falfe j but fuppofing it was fo, ic won't anfwer his Purpofe ; for there being no Ice in Wager River to prevent their failing out, \_fee his Council held the eighth of Augufi at Cape Frigid] wherein it is faid. Unmoored the third of /\'jgurt-, end failed out of Wager River, that River and Strait being pretty clear of Ice, in purfc't of our Dif- covery. Might not then the Whale:i fcen near Deer Sound have followed the Ice to the Welcome, and have been itan at the Mouth of the River? Or what could prevent Whales from coming therefrom Whalebone Point, where fo many were fr'n by Scroggs and Norton^ So his Proof can be of lO Service to him in this Point, but the revcrfc, as it proves the ralfity of his former Letter. As to the Stages where the EJkimaux hid been, near Savage Sound, the Lieutenant law the like at the Weft Bluff, which made him hafte back to the Boat, and not go up fo high on the Mountain as the Mafier did. What Part of the Country they refide in, is all conjedural, and quite evafive. As to the Sea-Horfes rnd Seals, I had it from t\\tMafi;er, Wilfon •, for the Journal faying, there zvere piany Whales and other Filh above, and none feen be- kzVf I afk*d him w/X-?/ kind of Fifb they were 5 who- E 2 thcr irlil 1 ) ( 2R ) ther fait or frejh Water Fiji:) ? He laid he faw ncm beftdes the Whales, except Sea-Hcrffs and Seals. His Anfwer, in Page 19, about the large Collec- tion of Water to the iveflivard^ is fallacioi?'-- and c va- il ve beyond ExprelHon, and calculated , ..oily with a Defign to deceive, fince he Taw the Lisutenani'i firft Report, and miift have known the Truth boti\ from Lieutenant and Mafier ; for the Mafler, on his Parole Evidence before the Admiralty, exprefiy faid, that beyond the IJlauds was a Streigbt four Leagues tvide, going W. S. W. as well as the Lieut c- ijant^ and both laid, they ivere in a By-channel, be- tzvixt the JJlands and the S. W. Main. Now, in the Face of Truth, he would have it to be believed that there was a rapid Fall of Water from fomc great in- land Lake, and that thro* this Fall was the only Way Ships or Boats could get to it \ is not this too glaring an Impofition, contrary to Fa6t and Evidence, calcu- lated only todeceive,evade,and prevent theTruth from being known; when it appears that the mainChanncl went round the Iflands, and that this was only a ra- pid Tide in a Narrow between the Iflands and South- weft Side where they were ? As to his trying the Southweft Side, I fay it was noi tried at all •, for his crolTing over oppofite to, or below Savage Cove, near the Mouth of the Ri- ver, was nothing ro the Purpofe. Where he ought to have pafled, was oppofite to Deer Sound, which might have been pafled much fooner, as will be feen when I come to obferve upon the Lieutenant's Report, which he fays elfewhere is Jo dark and un- intelligible. Page 20, in his Anfwer to the Charge againft him, of his not fearching the Weft Side of the Wel- come at all, he affirms he fearched it exaSlly as far c.i the Rocks and JJlands would permit him to do it with Safety, and refers to his Log-books, Journals, and Affidavits. Perhaps ''ii laid he faw ncm fes and Seals. It the large Collec- llaciou" and c va- cated > ..oily with w the Listitenani\ m the Truth both )r the Mfljler, on dmiralty, expreP.y 's a Streight four well as the Lieute- ? a By-channel^ be- in. Now, in the to be believed that om fomc great in- was the only Way not this too glaring nd Evidence, calcu- i^enttheTruthfrom It the mainChanncI this was only a ra- i Iflands and South- Side, I fay it was 5 over oppolite to, Mouth of the Ri- Where he ought Deer Sound., which boner, as will be ion the Lieutenant^ e is Jo dark and un- the Charge againft ft Side of the Wei- i it exaElly as far c.i it him to do it wilh oks, Journals, and Perhaps ( 29) Perhaps it was his Pocket Log-hook ; the great Ix)g-b()ok I faw proves otherwifc. See the Courfe by Log. App. N^. XXX. He was by Log and Journal, fix Leagues Eaft, true Courfe, o[\ Cape Dobbs., at four in the Afternoon, ylug. 9. He kept on his Courfe until four next Morning, the 10th, an'' was then five Leagues o^Cape lnillerion,or Cape in 64^. 10', which is all broken Lands and Iflands. Cape Dobbs is in 6^^ . 10', Cape Fullerton in 64^. 10', and from its be- ing two or three Degrees Difference in Longitude it can't be lels than thirty Leagues from the other. He had but four Hours Light, and yet he fays he did not pafs that great Bay in the Night. He did not fail ten Leagues of it with Day Light, and was fix Leagues diftant from the Head Land -, and IVhale- bone Point being in 64 Deg. ^^'., was at Jeaft fevcn Leagues from Cape Dobbs -, fo that all the Opening which Norton faw from thence to Cape Fullerton was pafled in the Night. The Journal fays, the IFel- ■ come, at Cape Fullerton., is fixteen or eighteen Leagues wide, the S.E. Shore was in Sight next Day, at fixer feven Leagues Diftance •, take that from the Breadth of fixteen or feventeen Leagues, and they were then nine or ten Leagues from the Weft Shore. The eleventh, at four in the Morning, they were in 64 Deg. four or five Leagues from the Head Landy which was North of them ; fo that it is plain they ;: could fee nothing (from CapeDobbs to Cape Fullerton.^ " or Cape in 64 Deg. 10') of the Opening or Bay within. Then, as per Journal, they fay the'- ftood along until four in the Afternoon, when they haul'd off to deepen the Water •, but by the Log ic ap- • pears that they were eight Leagues off the Shore in Part of that Courfe ; they lay by afterwards in the - Night, and were next Morning five or fix Leagues .' from the true Brook Cebham (the Head Land., North i of Marble JJland) and then they ftood in with the Head Land into nine Fathoms, within two Leagues of ^ ■ I'l I / I 1 1 ) I I ( 30 ) oF the Shore, v Iiere iliey faw the Wh;ilos ; does it not appear by this that he always Hood in to the Head Lamis, but never fearched the Bays within them for Inlets or Openings, or ever once attempt- ed to fend his Boatafhore? Could he exped to find Openings by (landing in upon Head Lands, cither at Cape Fullerton, or where he faw the Wliales ? To what Purpofe does he perfuade Men to make Affi- davits exprefly againft Reafon, and his liOg and Journal ? For by them it was impofllble they could fee any thing between PVhakbone Point and Cape Fullerton, Are fuch indeterminate loofe Affidavits to be believed againft Reafon, and the Lieuiefiani\ Surgeon* s and CIerk*s Evidence, who laid, ihey could only fee the Tops of Mountains at a Dijiance, here and there^ as it were, in the Clouds ? May not wide PalTages appear at Sea as quite lockM up by the Head Lands over-locking one another, when, by failing into them, they open, and appear very large ? Can tiiis be faid to be a narrow Search ? Or is the whole mere Evafion ? See Log in Appendix. N ^.XXX. As to Fox and Scroggs, who, he fays, are pro- foundly unintelligible; I think Fox is both intelligi- ble and confident, and Scroggs otherwife, only where he wants to difguife the Difcovery, in order to pleafe the Company, his Mafters. The Reaibn he gives for not fending his Boat aihore was, upon account of Want of Hands, and refers to the Mafter*s Anfwer to Query XIII, and two Affidavits. We have juft now leen what kind of loofe Affidavits thefe Men were brought into ; and the Captain depends much upon his Majier's written Anfwers, which it is plain he penn'd him- felf, finre they were very different from what he gave in Parole Evidence before the Admiralty •, but to (hew that his Anfwer here is falfe and evafive, it appears by Journal, and all the An(wers, that he liad, on the third of dugufl, Hands enough to row both 'J Whalos •, does it i Hood in to the the Bays within tx once attempt- he expedt to find Lands, cither at he Whales? To n to make Affi- nd his Log and kfijble they could Point and Cape : loofe AfBdavits the Lieutenant\ \o laid, ihey could a Dijiance, here ? May not wide iock'd up by the )ther, when, by ppear very large ? earch ? Or is the he fays, are pro- is both inteliigi- otherwife, only [covery, in order •s. fending his Boat t of Hands, and Query XIII, and leen what kind •e brought into-, ipon his Majler's \\ he penn'd him- t from what he . Admiralty •, but ■alfe and evafive, JAnfwers, that he ,s enough 10 row both ( 31 ) both Ships •, and, with two Boats a-head, to tow the Ships out of PVager River. A Day or two af- terwards at the Low Beach^ when he lent the Lieu- tenant afhorc to try the Tide, and repenting it in half an Hour, recalled liim •, the Reafon he gives was, he had no fpare Hands for the Boat. On the 8 th again he could Ipare the Boat, and was near twelve Hours afliore himfelf, to make ouc his frozen Streight \ and trufted the Ship to the Lieutenant in a ftrong Tide, among much Ice : But the 9th, loth, nth, and izth, his Men were all fick again, and no Boat durfl be trufted alhore, altho' it was fine Weather and not hazy, as he affirgis, and no Ice on the Shore. Is not this all Sham, EvaH"''. and Tricks to inipofe upon Mankind ? Tiie Men were to be fpared or not, juft as it was to anlwer his Purpofe. Was there any Hazard on the 12th and i^th, when they water*d their Ships at Marble IJland? Did he not then fpare the Boars, but could not to look out for an Inlet j and did not the Sur- geon clear up that Point at the Admiralty, by pro- ducing from his Books, that out of Hfty-thrce Men then aboard the Furnace^ there were but eight unferviceable. Is not his Defence here glaring Im- pudence ? Is not his Anfwer alfo, about his Obfervatlon of the Tides ."ind Currents aboard better than afliore, glaring and evafive ? Every Body knows that when once the Time of the Tide is fixM alhore, and it is known which is Flood and which Ebb, that then by the Slacks it may be eafily known aboard which is Flood. But is this the Cafe here.? Was it not declared in Council, that they had no Opportunity iof knowing at the PFelcome when they came our, which was the Flood Current ; and was not that the Realon why they were to fearch that Coall again ? Would he fuffer any Perfon to go afhore at any Place to try the Flgod ? It will appear imme- diat(,^ly,, ^i / ! ' '^ I ' )P. H .1 I, 1 ( 32 ) cliatclj', that lu- liad ciifguifed the Tide at Cape Fri^^idy and called the L'.bb Flood, and that with Dclign. By tiiat Error once laid t.own, he im- poled upon i.is Crew for the future, who could not be undeceived aj;ain without going afliore. Does not this in a ma'iner prove that he knew the Tide lie gave out was not the true Tide ? But that the Flood came from the S. W. inllead of the N. E. and that he had adcd againrt his Inltruflions in following, inf^ead of meeting the Tide •, or, could he pretend to know the Height of the Tide on Board, without the Ship's being at Anchor ; fo that his whole i^nfwer to this l\)int i;i fallb or cvafive. How does it appear that he try'd the Tide at IVhakCrtve ';' Was he ever there ? Does Log or Jour- nal ever once mention it ? He lays, he did not quit the Difcovery till the i ^th of Augufi:. Was not the Difcovery quitted when he left fVa^er Strait on the third of Augtijt^ an open bold Pafiage leading South- weft, the only Courfe we wifli'd for ? Was his going North-caft to look for ir, prol'ccuting the Difcovery ? Or was his rc- turriuig from Cape Frigid, without fearchingany In- let, to water at Marble IJland^ profecuting the Dif- covery ? When he was informed there of a fairOpen- ing and :\jircng Tide of Flood coming from the Well- ward, would he let it be try'd .? If he h;u1, I fliouid not have laid that he quitted the Difcovery lo ibon. He fays, he was afraid of being frozen up upon his Return, as one of the Company* s Ships was at Manfell's Illand in September. This was no Ob- jeftion, when he was employed in the Company's Service, for then he returned everyTear in September. He lays, all to South^u^ard of 6^ Deg. has been care- fully fought, and to no purpofe, thefe \ 00 Tears (for ^^00 is a Mifprinc.) None were there but Bultou FoXy and Scroggs, from whom we have any Ac- count i how then has it been fought by many others? Neither ^irr^^^J nor ilze Company's trading Sloop ^w. e Tide at Cape , ;\nd that with down, he im- , who could not g afliore. Does "^knew the Tide le ? But that the ad of the N. E. s Inllruftions in Tide-, or, could of the Tide on Anchor ; fo that f;ilfc or cvafive. ly'd the Tide at )oes Log or Jour- o'very till the 1 5/^ cry quitted when )f Augiijl^ an open the only Courfe Jorth-caft to look ' ? Or was his re- fearchingany In- ^fecuting the Dif- lereof a tairOpen- ng from theWell- he had, I fl\ould )ircovery fo loon. ng frozen up upon nfs Ships was at This was no Ob- in the Company's ^Tear in September, Dcg. has been care- cfe \oo Tears (for there but Butlc)u ,ve have any Ac- fought by many :ompany's trading Sloop ( 33 ) Sloops at IFbaleCove going to make any Difcovery, but rather to conceal if. As to the Dilcovcries within Land, they are all in his own Brain 1 lor Norton would never have toki him there zuas on open Sea^ ami that be believed there ivas a P^jTa;re. S. \\'. /rcw; Whalebone Point, if he had traveilcil bvyond the Polar Circle, and found it Hill a Continent. He lays, none of the Journals mention that the Ice was but jttfl breaking up in Wager River, zvhen they entend it. Lanrick\ Ixtrer ex[)relsly fays lb, wrote by his Privity; and tho' I agree witli him that it was broke up, yet the Jixirnai lays : — The Lieute- nant returned the 1 7th •, he had been up as high as the fee zcould permit,, it being fajl above front Side to Side. In Common Senfe that fliould mean not broke up. I allow to him, tiiat Rivers having their Couric Northwards, that the Ice breaks up fooner more foutlierly ; but I much doubt if they do where they run from the Northward from aiiv Dillance within the Polar Circle, wiiich was the Cafe here if it was a River. He endeavours to prove the Weaknefs of iry Conjecflure from the Dilproportion there is between the Ice and \V Liter, fo as that the Ice Hiould make it brackijh,, in call* it were a Strait ; but it is not a very weak Conjedure, that Ice above eight or fm Foot thick, when (Jifi()lved, fliould make the Sur- face of the Water braekiffj •, frefh floater being light- er than fait IValer,, will lie above th.e otlier for lome •Time, lo as to be only brackiflj. It has been taken up at Sea upon the Surficc many Leagues without the River, when it was Salt below, as at the River jf^mazons,, about 30 Leatiues out at Sea. 1 allow his Conciulion to be right, tnat in frefli Rivers the 'i'idc lelTens the higher it goe.% until it comes to nothing at lall •, but it does not follow that therefore it miift be a frejh Kiver^ be- caufe v/cfind in Streights it lelfens nlfo until it comes t . ■ F to S ," 'I! t I (34) to the Middle of the S freights^ which he allows to be true in Magellan'^ Streights, &cc. which may be the only parallel Inftancc ive at prefcnt know : But there is no rcafon that Magellan*^ Streight fliould be BRACKISH, becaufe there was no Ice there, it being in Lat. 53 Deg. Befides, I believe no In- ftance can be given ot a River, with a narrow En- trance, that was brackiPj 30 Leagues up the River •, and it appears this was Jalt, or undeniably brackijh, at leatt lb far. In the lalt Parngraph, Page 27, he owns, they Jaw no IFhales at Repulle Bay, or at Cape Frigid, tho' he was within fix Miles of the Cod of the Bay^ and afmre a whole Day at Cape Frigid. I'he feeing Sea-Horfes and Seals are no Symptoms of JVhales \ for many are fecn where there are no Whales, as at Sca-IIorfe Pointy Cheny Jfland, &c and Seals in Abun. dance almoft every where in the Bay, 2it Port N el- fon, Danijh River, tiie Moofe, Rupert's River, &c. His Anfwer, Page 28, about his frozen Strait and Tide, is all falle, and calculated to impofe upon the Public an erroneous Tide and Current, in order to make it be believed, that he followed his In- ilriidions by meeting the Tide, which, tho* a Part of his Inftrudions, did not order him to go north- (raftcrly to find it; and to bring Whales to the N. W. of the Bay, and to raifc fuch high Tides as he found there, for (they being fo much leffened at Cary*i, Swan's Neji and Manfcll Ifland) without fome other Tide to be found out from the Eaftward, he xnuft of courfe allow they were occafioned by the Influx of a Weftern Ocean j and therefore he is in the Right to labour this Point : For without thii Tide and Streight he muj} allow of the PafTage ; and of courfe prove that he has fcandaloufly impofed up- on the Public in concealing the Difcovcry. But this c;\n't be allo-wed him upon his bare Affertion j or laying, / may as well fay that Hudlon's Screight » an M i ch he allows to which may be fcnt know : But Slreight fliould no Ice there, it believe no In- ,th a mrroio En- s up the River •, ndeniably brackijh, J, he owns, they at Cape Frigid, e Cod of the Bay, igid. The feeing itoms of IVhales \ no IVhaleSy as at and Seals in Abun. Bay, at Port JSel- pert*s River, &c. his frozen Strait 'd to impofe upon Current, in order followed his In- hich, tho' a Part him to go north- ng Whales to the |h high Tides as he much leiTened at b??d} without fome the Eaftward, he occafioned by the id therefore he is Fur zvithout this the Padage j and loufly impofed up- )ikovery. But this lare Affertionj or jdlon's Screight/i m (.^5 ) an imaginary one; when it is contrary to A7/^r Evidence, and Rcafon, founded upon Fads, which can't he-, for his Log- Book and liis Majier^s hear-Jhy yJnfwers, with his indeterminate AlHdavits, won't cllabhfh this Title and Scrcight. The Majhr, before the Admiralty, denyM he knew any Thing of it, he being on Board with the Lieutenant •, yet he afterwartls gavt; a full Anfwer by Hear-fay upon the Faith ot the Captain ; but by comparing the Clerk's Anfwer with the Account and Draught fcnt up by y/v.v the Gunner, to one of the Lords of the Admiralty, againlt the Account he has fct down in his Log and Journal, his Ipa- cious frozen Sireight, an huntlred Fathoms dcc[), is a mere Fidion, and is dwindled inro an Arm of the Sea three Leagues wide, full of Illands, which furroundeil the Illand they flood upon, and fepa- ratetl it from the L/)'W Beach, as appears froni the Gunner^s Draught of it, which exa(itly agrees with tht Clerk's Account; and by comparing their Ac- counts with the Journal it appears to be fo : For, tho' the lintry in die Log and Journal was made by ihc Captaifi, and it was call'c' broader therein it to anfwer his Purpofe, making it four or five Leagues where narrowefl, and fix or feven where broadefi:, and fixteen or eighteen Leagues long, yet the Journal owns that it itretch'd S. E. round to the South and Wcftward, almoll full of large and fmall Iflands, and full of Ice not broke up, all fall to both Shores and Illands ; fo that by its turning "Weftward, it mufl: needs come in between them and the Low Beach Point, over-againft Cape Hope. See App. N«.XXX. But if this be not fufficient iEvidence againft his Streight, we fliall fee how it ilands as to the Tide and Current. The Captain lays he left the Ship betwixt nine and ten, and got ^adiore at eleven, when (if he is to be believed) it iwas ebbing Water, tho', by his own Coiifcflion, it t F 2 flowed i %m- ■ f •' ■> ill ( 36 ) flowed until one, it being Low-water at levcn at Night *, lor vviiicb he now begs Pardon, and afl^s Leave to retract it ; but it is too late, and too ma- terial a Point to be given up, he having own'd it before a Gentleman of Charader I carried with me on Purpofe. He therefore docs not deny ir, as he do'.'s the Bribe offered to him by one of the Hudfon^ B(iy Diredors, no Body having been by when he lold it to me •, rho' he has forgot that he told it to others who will fupport what I have faid. But this of the Tide was no Surprize upon hiri, tho* he fays ';e had not h\s Metnorandum Book at Hand ; for he gave me his Pocket Log-Book to look into, the only Time I vifited him, with a View to deter- mine this Point about the Tide. In carelefsly turn- ing to that Part of the Voyage about his frozen S:f\'ight^ I faid, I ray. Captain, do you rememky •ivbat Time it zva^ Lcw-ivater, when you were ajhorc at Cape Frigid ? Fie paufcd a-whilc, and faid, Tes^ it ivas Low-water about fix 0'' Clock \ and after a little Ilecollei^tion he fiid, it was jujl about Sun fet. i faid, as it was then the Sth of Auguft, the Sun fet about feven •, fo that it was then Low-water about feven : Therefore he could not be furpriz'd into tnis Aniwer. But he did not at once confider what the Confequence would be in owning the Truth. After a little more indifferent Chat we parted ; and after going out, I defired Mr. Allan to minute down this Concefilon, for a great deal depended upon it. But if he had not made this Conceffion, Fads can't lie. He lays he got afliore at eleven, and the Clerk fays he returned to the Shore at feven at Nighr, when it was about Low-water, He fays here in his Defence, that he returned at Half an Hour after four, when it had flow'd four Feet ; now let us confider which of thefe is the Truth. H?^ as well as the Clcrk^ fays, he travell'd from twelve to fi (I Wiitcr at icvcn at Pardon, and afl^s late, and too ma- : having own'd it I carried with me not deny it, as he Dne of the Hudfon\ been by when he that he told it to ave faid. But this pon hiPi, tho' he Hook at Hand ; for to Jook into, the a View to deter- In carelcfsly turn- e about his frozen , do you remember hen you were ajhorc lile, and laid, Tes^ k \ and after a little } about Sun fet. I Vuguft, the Sun fet 1 Low- water about be fiirpriz'd into once confider what )wning the Truth, at we parted ; and ^iian to minute eat deal depended dc this Conceflion, /•en, and the Clerk at leven at Nighr, He fays here in at Half an Hour four Feet ; now is the Truth. Ht\ ivell'd from twelve to (37) to fifteen Miles, to the Top of the higheft Mountain that overlooked the Streight, and the Gunner and Carpenter went a Mile or two far- ther. It is not eafy to be believed that he could walk from twenty four to thirty Miles in five Hours and a Half, that would be walking upon rough Ground at leaft five Miles an Hour-, was it not ve- ry great walking it in eight Hours, v/jrhout waiting to make Obfcrvations ? Cai it be fuppofed he could do it in lefs .? If it was then feveii when he returned, and High-water at eight, how then could he find by a Pole that it had twelve Feet to flow ? It appears alfo that it was Half an Hour after nine at Nighc when he got abor;rd, tho' the Ship flood in near the Shore to take him in ; what was he then doing for near (wt Hours after his tak'ng the Height of the Tide ? Or why needed he to afk of the Boaanen which way the Tide flowed, fince he dviid himfcif upon Shore until it was High-water by his Account } Thus Truth muft appear, it is in vain to conceal it; for to make out one Falfhood, many others are required to fupport it. He here argues, that there was no Opening to- ward tiie If.and between it and the Loiv Beach, be- caul'e they obferved no Tide there ; this rather fup- por's what I have faid, and (hews there was no Strtight to caufe a ftrong Tide •, and by his Lieu- tamnt's, Obfervation (^See App. N^. XLIII.) that at ten in the Moorning a ftrong Tide forced the Ship to the jwrthzvard, here it is plainly proved it was then flowing Water, and by fetting them northward, ic did not force tlv.m into the Streight North oi' Cape Frigid, but only the Tide from the S. W. flow- ing into Repulfe Bay j and this was confirmed by the Anfwer of the Boatmen, who told him, the . Flood zvent to the northward, which he contradidlcd, , and faid, it could not be fo. He durrt not fay, // : (hculd not be fo, tho' that was what he meant. i I After mm Hi r I! in H t III ;.|j I ! ! ( ^8 ). After llruggiing very hard for this Tide at feven, and finding it won't do, he iays, what 'uuould it avail me if he granted it to me ? and io wants to raife Scruples, and make Difficulties about Tides in other Places. I fay it will prove a great deal, and what he inftances about the Time of the Tide from Re- foliition to Biggs^ 130 Leagues, flowing that Di- ftance in five Points from E. S. E. to S. by E. or in three Hours and forty eight Minutes, and being but one Point in flowing down to Albany, 250 Leagues, or forty eight Minutes in Time, where a South Moon makes high Water, I fuppofe this to be Fa6t, and fhall then fliew his Error, or the Ealhicy he would impofe upon the Public in this Poilulate. All, who know any thing of Tides, are fenfiblc, that if a South Moon makes high Water, a North Moon, the oppofite Point, does fo too ; now fince there is a Striil or ftrong Tide in HudfQn*s Streight, and it is five Hours in running 140 Leagues, which is the Length of the Streigbt, and as the Tide in the Bay is fpent, and conlequently lefs rapid, it mull, in Reafon, be longer in flowing 250 Leagues •> and the Cafe is plain, it is fo -, for it is feventeen Points in flowing down to Albany, and a North Moon makes high Water there ; yet he would impofe this Fallacy upon us, that it flowed in forty eight Minutes, inllead of twelve Hours and forty eight Minutes-, fo this great Difliculty va- nifhes. As to his Quotation from the learned Dr. Halley, it is here nothing to the Purpofe, only to fhew that he has read it, and applies it without Judgment. His Anfwer to my Remark of the Current of Floods going flowly N. N. E. on the fixth of July off the Head Land, in 63 Dog. 20', faying, here I ftri^Uy keep to Rules aud Theory, and fhewing that I'ides and Currents vary from Winds blowing at reat Dilbnces from it, is only prauncing and evad- in<. D ' m is Tide at feven, bat vuould it avail io wants to raife It Tides in other ; deal, and what 2 Tide from Re- flowing that Di- i. to S. by E. or lUtes, and being to Albany^ 250 in Time, where r, I fuppofe this is Error, or the le Public in this ng of Tides, arc kes high Water, It, does fo too i Tide in Hudfon*s in running 140 the Slreight, and ^nd consequently longer in flowing in, it is fo ; for down to Albany y Vater there ; yet us, that it flowed vvelve Hours and t Difficulty va- the learned Dr. Lirpofe, only to .iplies it without the Current of :he fixth of July faying, here I nd fhewing that inds blowing at ncing and evad- ing ( 39 ) ing -, for at that Sealbn of the Year they had no ftormy Weather, probably, within the Bay, and the Eaftern Ocean could not afFeft it. As to my Miftake he mentions in calling the Current two Knots two Fathoms, inftcad of two Fathoms, I own I took it to be a Miftake in copying the Jour- nal •, for a Current fo flow as two Fathoms in Half a Minute (not one Fourth of a Mile in an Hour) I could fcarce call a Current at all ; and fince in Council at Cape Frigid they allowed there were 7?^o»^ Tides and Currents at this Head-land^ that caufed my Miftake, tho' it be not a material one; [See Lieutenant^ s Account in yf/>/».N^.XLIII.] nor taking fix for five o'clock, fince he lowered the Boat at five to try the Tide. But he wants to catch at Straws like a finking Man. Page 34, he fays, / have mifreprefented the Affair cf the Boat's being carried out of the River by the Ebb Current. I lay I have not mifreprefented it; the Lieutenant faid exprefly before the Ailmiralry, that he was carried out by the Tide of Ebb, dole by the Rocks, four or five Ixagues out of the River S. W. round Cape Dobbs, and iays the fame in hia written Anfwer, and chat could not be an eddy Tide of Ebb from the S. W. The Clerk fays, this the Lieutenant and Majler has often affirmed for Truth, tho* now the Majler prevaricates, for fear of being any Man*s Ruin. The Majier gave a different Anfwer in Writing from what he had affirmed to me before the Surgeon and Clerk ; for he told me, be was carried by the Ebb quite round Cape Dobbs to the S. IV. and when it flowed they got back again, and fo got over to the North Shore ':::ith the Flood i but before the Admiralty he only owned, that it carried him out S. E. by S. tcivards Cape Dobbs (until they met the Channel Ebb from W. by S. by Compafs) the Words in his written Anfwer. But :S8 j„«**- t ■I , il ■I;i 'i^- 11: H ? ■ I (40 ) But fince the Captain refers to the Lieute}iani*s Report the 27th of Jtily^ fo do I. It is plain from it, that a Weft Moon made high Water at the Hn- trance of IVager River. It mentions, that at Half an Hour after four in the Morning, the 26th, they were drove out of PFager River, along the South Shore, five Leagues off C^,pe Bobbs^ and when the Tide of Flood made, he got through the Ice, and failed to the North Shore ; now if the Tide had flowed from the N. E. and fo by Cape Bobbs S. W. the Courfe of the Welcome, when the Ebb flacked, how could the Flood help him to get to the North Shore ? Would not both Tide and Ice have carried him fouthweflward, the Courfe o^ .he Welcome ? So that this Report, to which he refers, is manifeftly and abfolutely againft his Current and Tide of Floods coming from the northward. Fie fays he tried the Current there a Day before Full-moon, and it run only five ^-^nots, when I fay from fix to nine Knots. I own ' vas told fo ; bu' fee his own Letter from the Orkneys, where he owns it ran from five to fix Knots ; now fince it is known that the Spring-tides are not at higheft until three Days after the Full, my Information may not have been wrong, if the Current was between fix and nine at Spring-tides. Page 36, where I Hiy he Jlood out of Wager Ri- ver N. E. with Sails, Oars, and two Boats a Head, to avoid being forced up the River by the Return of tk Tide ', which Fafl was fupported by the Lieutenant% Surgeon's, and Clerk*?, Anfwers, and only evaded by the Mafter*s. This he do-^-s not deny ; but would have it believed he went out ordy eaflward-, but al- ledges I was of Opinion, that after he had got out ai far as Cape Dobbs, he fhould have flood in again W. S. W. the Wind being S. Had I hinted any fuch thing it would have been ablurd ', what I faid was, that when he was plying out with Sails and Oars, when it ) the Lieutenant* s It is plain from Water at the En- )ns, that at Half ;, the 26th, they along the South ^j, and when the lUgh the Ice, and r if the Tide had CapeDobbsS.^. the Ebb flacked, get to the North \ Ice have carried .he JVekome ? So ^ers, is manifeftly nt and Tide of •d. lere a Day before "nots, when I fay vas told fo ; buf IS, where he owns r fince it is known lighefl: until three ion may not have between fix and out of Wager Ri- two Boats a Head, the Return of the y the Lieut enant% i only evaded by leny j but would eajiward ; but al- r he had got out as flood in again W. I hinted any fuch what I faid was, lils and Oars, when it C4O it was ahnoji calm, being afraid of being forced in cgiUi with the rapid Tide of Flood, if the Flood had come from the N. H. from Caj^c Fiigid, as he al- kdges, he ought not (to have avoided that Tide) to have f lied out N. E. in the dircSl H'ay of the Current, but to have plied then towards Cape Dobbs, to have. ZPt into the eddy Tide, in order to be out of the Current Iry the Return of ihe Flood -, and fince no Body doubts his Capacity or Prudence in failing his Ship, it con- firms my O[)inion that he knew the Flood came ffom the S. W. altho* he durll not own it. As he refers to his former Anfwer about this fro- zen Streight, fo do I, and fiiall only farther add, that the Current he mentions, was the Tide of Flood from S. W. flowing into Reprlfe Bay;2ir[d 'tis plain, firom his Caution in calling the Lieutenant back in Jialf an Hour after he had ordered him afhore at Ijie Low Beach ti :ry the Tide, even before he &>uld reach the Shore, that he was afraid of his difcovering the true Tide 5 for v;hen the Lieutenant fcturn'd, and told him he was fo near the Shore that he plainly fiw it was falling Water, and had Ebb'd Two Feet ; the Captain put it fo in the J '.rnal, fign'd by himfelf, which he fcnt me i yet he has now altered R in his printed Log- Book, [See his Log-Book, Aug. 6.] and calls it there flowing Water, and that it came from the Eaftward, tho* the Lieutenayit told hin Othcrwife, and faid the Ebb had like to Live carryM him S. W. round the Low Beach Point, [See App. i*J°. XLIV.] and is alfo evident from his checking the Boatmen at Cape Frigid, when they told him the Flood went northward. The Clerk likewife fays, that when he went afliore he ftopp'd a little to make feme Obfervation of the Tide, upon which the Captain call'd him off^ from viewing it •, fo that by his whole Condu(5l he was afraid any fliould know the true Tide. As to my denying a Pafl'age for the Tide, by (lopping up the Streight with Iflands, fee ^ G l.og ■vlf i'i 11 I I IN Ir; I i: l:l iliU ' I 1 i) I I 'l! ( 42 ) ho^and Journal, which fiys, the Streight ijuas a/mcjt /nil of large and fmall IJlands. See alfo the Giinner'j Draught and Account y as well as the ClerkV, Appen- dix, N^ XXXIX. The Captain* s Anfwer to my Objeftion (from there being no Current or Tide in the Cod of Re- ptilfe Bay, fince by his Draught it would have been in the very Diredion of his Tide thro* the Streight) and his Solution for it, is faUe Reafoning in this In- ftance : Repulfe Bay is very deep and wide ; and, according to his Draught, the Tide would flow up N. W. fo that it would fet round the Bay, and come out again by Cape Hope^ where would be a itrong Tide. Here again he thinks to prove an Inconfiflency in me, infinuating that I would have it that IVager River, which is at the Entrance but /even Miles zvide, bids fairer for filling the Welcome, and all tkok Baysy than the Frozen Streight, which he would have to be as many Leagues wide, and much nearer the Eafiern Ocean. I defy him to fliew that I ever hinted any Thing lik? it ; nay, I faid that I be- lieved there was a South-weftern Tide, that flowed thro' the broken Lands and Illunds between JVaga River and IVhale Cove, and flowed up the Eail Entrance of JVager Streight until it would meet a contrary Tide •, which probably may be fome where above Deer Sound. Page 38, when I prefs him with there having been a ftricl I'ide near Brook Cobbam, which is al* lowed in his Cape Frigid Council, his Anfwer is, that at full Moon it ran two Knots, and he found it run more between Churchill and Tork Fort j and then quits it to Ihew how ftrong the Tides riiii farther North. But does this Anfwer ag'-ee with what they allowed in Council, and is afiirmed by the Lieutenant, Surgeon and Clerk, to be as rapid aJ aiiy they have is&n ? [See tbi LicuLeoAnt'^ Paper in ik -*.. ""1^ • -vMslJ 'ii r r iy. l! reighl was almcjt alfo the Giinner'j Clerk'j, Appen- Objedion (from the Cod of Re- would have been [iro* the Streight) foning in this In- and wide •, and, ie would flow up ind the Bay, and here would be a : an Inconfiftency lave it that IVager t feven Miles wide, ime, and all thoft which he would >, and much nearer fo fliew that I ever I faid that I be- Tide, that flowed ids between JVaga Dwed up the Eaft 1 it would meet i nay be fome where with there having \bbam^ which is al* .11, his Anfwer is, nots, and he found nd Tork Fort j and )ng the Tides rin Anfwer ag'-ee with and is affirmed by k^ to be as rapid aJ .icuieaant's T'apir w tk ( 43 ) the Appendix N°. XLIV. fign'd aljo by Icvrral of the Men on board, as to the Current there, which broke a jirong deep-fea Line, and thereby loji a decp-fea Lead of fifty Pounds weight, the Tide running fcvcral Knots, injiead of two Fathoms, as here he mentions.'] Or does it agree with what the Lieutenant obferved at Marble ^and, v/hen he took the Drauglit of a fine Cove there, where he found it to flow fo llrongly from the Wefl-North-Wefl: by Compafs, that the Boatmen were up to their Middle in Water before they could get a Bear they had killM into the Boat ? But fince this Tide, and the Opening the Lieute- nant (aw to the Wefiward, is a very material Point of the Difcovery, and is not taken notice of in any Part of the Captain* s Defence i tho* it is plain he had the Lieutenant*s Draught and Account of it, by his fixing the Original Draught in the Appendix «if the Manufcript delivered in to the Admiralty, ^> which he gives there a very flight Anfwer, lay- ing it is dark and unintelligible, it may be proper in this Place to obferve upon it, and refer to the original Account in his Appendix. The Captain difparages rhe fine Cove the Lieutenant found, by Inlying // was all Pebble-Stones at Bottom; and all the yfdvantage the Lieutenant could make of it, was for Ships to come from England to load Pebble -Stones there. But is this to be taken upon his Word ? For the Lieutenant fays no fuch Thing. Fie fays it is d^rk and unintelligible, like his other Reports : If f^, it is only fo to him •, for, to me, this, as well as the others, is very plain and intelligible ; and his en- deavouring to explain away his Meaning, by fay- * jg, if he meant that the Tide came round the W. Side of the Ifland, it proceeded from a great ly between two Head-lands, one in S^''. 20', and ie other on the Wefl: Side of the Ifland -, and the ind being in the Tide's way, it would come round )th Sides of it, anu this being the Courfe of the G 2 Tide, ti ij'* '. (' I • ( 44 ) Tide, made him apprehend it came out of fome Inlet from the WeOcrn Ocean. As tlie IHand lay W. N. W. and E. S. E. by Compafs, which is nearly Wcfl, Variation allowM, it is very plain that he meant it came from the Opening in the luppofed Main to the Weftvvard; lb how is he unintelligible ? Now his fuppofing it to have come round the Ifland from a Bay N. W. of the lOand, might have been a plaufible Evafion, tho* not true, in cafe his frozen Streight was in bc- mcr, and a great Tide flow'd down the IPehome from ir. B It his vStrtight and Tide are both vanilhcd Ycf, if it vvere true, he ha?, by his Draught, owr.'J that the F.allcrn Tide by Qiry\ Sivaffs Neji nuet^ the other at the llcndhnid North of Marble IJland; and this would have caufed the Current of Flod South of the liland to go frcMii the Eaftward intj that Inlet or Opening Kd'ikn faw, and not to come from it. So that he would explain away the Lieu- tenant's Mtaninsi, and have it to be believed it camj round the Ifland, without any Foundation or Kca- fon ; but thar he wa<^ pinch'd, and had nothing better to fay for it. I am mightily plcafed to fim! that he allows there was fueh a Tide and Opening; I was afraid he wcuki have deny*d the v^hole : Bi;t Jiere he model! ly fays the Lieu! enmt unjujlly c.ccuja him of hindering him from examining this Opening, find refers to his Anlwer to Query XX. where he fays, the Captain did not difcournge him from making any Difcovery [in PFager \iivcr.] The Surgeon alfo faw the Opening from the Top-maft-head, but no- thing could move the Captain to let it be try'd. But if it had come round the Weft End of the IHand, what would that make for him .^ It could could only be inferr'd from thence, that there were Inlets to the N. W. of the Ifland, as well as Ran- ki-n*s Openings from whence the Tide alfo flow'd, and 'tis very rational that ic fhould be fo 5 and that ic ■> i'' m came cut of fome and E. S. E. by Variation allow'd, it came from the to the Weftward; w his fuppofing it from a Bay N. W. 2 plaufible Evafion, Str eight was in bc- n the li^ekome from arc both vanilhcd his Draught, ownVi Sivan's Neji meet? h of Marble I/Iru(ftions were to go to Whalebone Point, and keep either to the Eaflward or Weftward of that point, according as he could get a PaJJage ; and to meet the Tide of Floods whether it came from S. W. or N. W. [See his Orders in his Appendix y N*^. I. p. ICO.] but thofe Orders did not command him to go Eajlward to meet it •, and yer, that he might ave a Sort of Pretence to go out of the Way, he has fram'd a Tide of his own. His Inftruftions were, upon every Emergency, to confult his Officers, and a^ for the good of the Service he went upon -, fo that he had Latitude enough to have fearch'd any Place Southward of Whalebone Point, where he had any Account or Hopes of an Inlet or Paflage. Here he goes on with a learned Differtaiion from Fadfs of his own framing, which muft be taken upon his Word, in which there is very little Truth j he af- firming Fafts contrary to his former Letters to me, and therefore is not to be credited. His Account from the Indians and Norton is fidfe. See his Obfervations upon Scrogg*j Journal, the Sur- geon and Clerk*s Report, and his Letter to me in Oftober, 1739, wherein he fays : I wa* this Tear at Churchill Faflory, where Norton is Governor j be was with Scroggs in 1722 ; and he feems conf' dent, from a View he took from a Promontory afhore, that there mujl be a clear Pajfage -, the Land is very high, and falls off to the Southward of the JVcfl, This Tear fame of the Natives, who came down to trade at Churchill, and had never been before at any of our Englifh Settlements, informed him they frequently traded with Europeans on the JVeJi Side of America, near thd Latitude of Churchill, by their Account, 2, ' rj^'hick '^Si I ( I ••I ' . ' ;r i!iiir^;!|l!!( 1 ! 1 i 1 1 '! 1 , i \ \ i 1 f ; a i 1 i 4« ) whifh films to confirm that the tzvo Seas muji meet. Sec Appendix^ N^. XVI. ami XL. After this will any believe him, when he lays Norton had travelled by Land to 68 Dcg. without feeing any Sea, Tree, or Shrub ? Sure he thinks he deals with blind People, or Children ! But it tan he made appear that Norton laid otherwile. See M^ffieurs Thonipfoa and Wigate'j A count in Appendix^ N^. XL. Afrt r tills Difl'crtation in Fol, 4;^ and 44, he iias inftrtcd a great deal, which is not in the Manuftript tlelivered in to the Admiralty, whn h is all calcu- lated to intimidate any from making any iurthcr Attempt, and to evade the Truth. And fince Capt. Middleton has laid down fome Particulars for me 10 confuU r of before another Voyap,e is attempted, I fliall, that the Public may not l)e impofcd u[K)n by a form.\l Set of Falfities, or intimidated by invented Dangers, give a true Defcription of the N'oyage thro' lludjon^i^ Sireighl to the IVekome, where the Paflage is fuppofed to lie, and defire the Reader will compare my Ac- count with his, whereby his flagrant Falfitics, Eva- fions, and Intimidations, will be made evident. Hudfoii'i, Streight is twelve or thirteen Leagues wide at the Entrance, the Tide running W. S. W. and E. N. E. crols the Mouth of the Streight, lb that you are let over from Side to Side in one Tide's Time. The North Side is very bold and fteep to, the South Side dangerous and rocky near the Shore. It flows E. S. E. at Refolulion^ and from that Place to Cape Diggs is 140 Leagues, which is the Length of that Streight, Cape Diggs bearing W, 12". N. from the Idsind oi Refoiution. Be fure keep within a Mile or two of the north Shore in your Outward-bound Paflage, if you have any Thing of a leading Gale ^ for the Ice lets wholly over to the Southward. When you are Half-way up the Scf eight, malvc a Slant over towards Cape Charles, which iO Seas mujl meet. After this will 'ton had travelled g any Sea, Tree, deals with blind he made appear ^leurs Thonipfon N^.XL. ^3 and 44, he has in the; Manullript vhii h is all calcu- ikmg any turthcr t laid dowi\ fomc 3t' before another Lt the Public; may \\ Set of Falfities, igcrs, give a true :* Hudjon'i^ Sireighi ge is fuppofed to compare; my Ac- •ant Falfitics, Eva- made evident, thirteen Leagues unning W. S. W. :)f the Strcight, fo .1^ to Side in one is very bold and »us and rocky near efolulion^ and from Leagues, which is Diggs bearing W, ition. Be fure keep th Shore in your have any Thing of wholly over to the 4alf-way up the vards Cape Charles, which (4y ) wliiclj h a iii^h, bokl Lund, and then keep be- tween Noitmgbam and lValfi*igb..m^ un'els you have )i Mm J cj prove the Tiw!c bttwi.cn Su''jhry and l^otiDighiVhy which, if you Ivive Tune and t.jir Weather, will fitiify you of the Tides fiom tiic Northward, ami prove the Reality of Capr. Mid" iiztoH\ Frozen Streighr, if there is any llich Filing. Two of th annual Ships belonging ro the lludfon^ $cy Ccfhpcr ^ have been loil among Ice witiiin theHi thirty Years, but let rot that iiuimidate you •, a good Look-out is the bcft Pilot among Ice, toge- iher with a diligent Attendance on the Flelm and iiils. After you pafj Capd Diggs^ take care of Mansfield*^ I/Iand^ which is a low flat Land, twenty Leagues long and three broad, the north End of" if is thirteen Leagues VV. by S. by true Compafs from Cape Diggs ; the Water Ihoals off from tlie jk)uth End to a great Diflance. When you are found Mansfield*^ Jjland fliape your Courfc for Cary\ S%van*s N^Ji^ or Cape Southampt';n, keeping a good Offing, becaufe in fome Phces on that Coait the Water Ihoals fudJenly •, and after you are the Length of Cape Souihamp:orty you may fteer away N. VV. or more or lefs northerly, for any Part of the weft: Side of the IVelcomc, v/here there arc gCKjd Soundings : However, keep the Lead going. Captain MiddUton once pafTcd Hudfon^i Streight by the 5th of July \ and as for his being detainM in fce tor fix Weeks, it is true ; but then it was at the Bottom of the Bay near Albany •, for a N. W. Wind drives the Ice from the JVekome into Hudfon's Bay, which makes thtPFelcome pretty clear by the Middle of July, when you may attempt any Dilrovery on the VVeft Side. As to crofTing the Bay, it is an In- timidation of his, becaufe there is no NecefTity for It in going to the Norihweftwards upon Difcove- ijes. Indeed if you winter at Churchill, au he did, § ou muft then crofs the Bay i but you have not any ^ H Rcafon ..'j^ In ^ [m f •fi I i\ :•, I ^•^^ ill ii- I ! !i i ( JO ) Kcalbri \o btiicvc that he was never able to arrive a: the Fud-ory before the 20th o^ JuguJIy above liv, or fix TiuK'S in three and twenty Voyages, wiidi his M.ijcrty's Ship f«r;7^iY, which let out L'lter b". a Month than any ot the Iludfon's Bay Sinpfs e^■L•, ciid, arrived at Ckurchill the ninth of Augufly ant, might have got there much fooner, had flie no been obhgpu to keep Company with the Tender, %vhich was a very dull Sailer. And it was winta- ing there that broke the Spirits of the Men, 7"h- had, by the b.-it Accounts, a mod miferabJe tlav;II l^ifc ; the Carpenters he obliged to repair three o' the Hudfoii's 5^^- Sloops-, the Armourer and his Mai. to work for that Company, the Joiners employ.-: within the Fort, {^c. This he did under the G lour of an Order he received from their LordOiif of the Admiralty, requiring him, Whenever (.';;. Opporiunities offered to be ferviceable to the Compair. See his Appendix, p. 103. Yet, at his Return ti England^ the Men who were neccflitated to taL up any Cloths or Goods of the Company's Fadu: there, was obliged to pay for the lame out of thei: Wages at the Rate of 300 per Cent, and the Cap- tain brought a Bill upon the Company of abov; 1 30 /. for their "Work, and his own Overfecrfhi^', for which he charg'd 10 s. per Bay. Others wer: employed all the Winter in the Woods in cuttir down and fawing Timber, their Work amountini to fomc thoufands of Feet of Deals, I^lank, thid Stuff, Beams, ^c. necelTary for fitting the Ships i: the Spring ; for which, and other Labour done ^ the Men, he has charg'd the Government, an been paid above 200 /. without his difburfing or Shilling to thfi poor Fellows who did the Slavery fo that both thele Sums are entirely cleared into h: own Pocket •, For notwithftanding he affirms 1;; was obliged to make confiderablc Prefents to tli Governor for Favours, yet I am very credibly ii torniu for zK'Ci able to arrive a; )f Jugujfy above liv, cnty Voyages, wIkti lich lit out later b;. ifon's Bay Si»ipther Labour done ^ \z Government, an. ut his difburfing or rho did the Slavery itircly cleared into ii inding he affirms 1:; rablc Prefents to tlr ,\m very credibly i: form:«. J ( 51 ) K>rm\] the Returns lie received from th:it Pe:f(;n much exceeded the V^ilue of the Trifles lie prefent- ed. Now let us fee the Account he gives me i;i a Letter dated ISovanhcr ij^ 1742, wherein he lays, therr zvill he a great deal of Dificuliy to procure am J^econipcncc for his Lofs of thfe iivo Surmters m lemming the i Iudfon*s Biy Service^ where he f.'OuU have X400I, in the 7ime then he has acquire J but 160 i. in the Governments. See his Appendix, p. 126. It is certain that his Pay, together with the two Sums before-mentioned, will amount to 600/. bc- fides other very confiderable Perquifites not ac- counted for, which, if ad tied to the two Years Sa- lary promifed him by the Company, vvill amount to mCN'e than 1400/. How lie makes out that Sum for two Years Service in the lludfon\ Biy Ships I am at a Lofs to know, fince his Pay there was not lltore than 120/. per Annum. But to return, '"When the Spring approached the Men were in- ccflantly labouring to dig the Ships out of the Ice, many of them lying on their Bellies upon the Sur- face of the Ice for Hours together cutting them loofe J and this Fatigue lafted from the Beginning of April to the latter End of May, to the grea: Pity and Amazement of the Factory's People, who never meddle with their Vefiels till the Ice is broke up in the River, which always happens by the 14th oif Ju-ie or looner, and then Nature does in a lew Days all that thofe poor Fellows had been labouring at nigh three Months, which Captain Middleton confeifes was of no Service in forwarding them. The only Reafon I can give, why tliofe People underwent llich hard I'afks is, that it might frighten them from ever undertaking fuch a Voyage again •, and by the dilmal Stories of their Ilardlhips, in- timidate others. Scroggs, fo of:en mentioned, got loaded and failed out of Churchill River by the ^- U 2 20th '4 II l! % : .■■« 1 f '.' 11 .Ji ;J i /I tr •1 I ■ ( 52 ) 2ot!i of Ju>it\ and the Furnace might have failf'd out of it by the '25th, had it not been for contrary ^Vinds. When they got out, the Bay was all clear fronn Ice, except a few (Iragling Pieces not worth men- tioning •, othctwife the Slonp belonging to the Fac- tory (wiiich failed at the fame Time with the Fur- tw.cCy and was bound for JVJ:a!e Cove in Latitude Ci*^. 30'. to trade with the EJkimaux mdians for Whalebone and Blublx-r) would not have venrured in Shore among lOands .t ! Openings. Captain Mic^dktonS being fail in Ice \n lI"flfon^% Streights, for fome Days in Scptcmb.i\ is another intimidating Kvafion. The Cafe is this: 11 it falls calm in Sep- tember^ the Surface of that Strcight is every Night <)verf[)itad with a thin Covering of Ice, a Qjarter of an Inch thick, and confcquently furrounds the Ship; yet the lead Breath of Wind occafions the Ship's progreffive Motion to break all to Pieces without any feniible Ilmdrance to the Ship's Paf- iage. He likewile, in the fame Page, fills all the Bay and Openings to the Northward of 61^. with Ice impafiable til! the Middle of Jugujl, nay fome- times for the w!io!e Year, and, like his frozen Screighr, all of his own Creation. He then tells you, that r'( u!i the Sloops the Company fent almoft every Year upon 1 rade or Difcovery, none but ^'ersrgs could ever get beyond the Tatitue of 64". for Ice, and many of them not beyond 62'^, id. yet in Page 40 he fpeaks of no iefs than feven Perfons, bcfides ScmggSy who, be fays^ have fearch- ^A the well Side of the IFelcome from 59^. to B^*^. and adds, that if there had been a Pafl'age between thofe two Latitude.*^, they certainly would have found it long ago. In his Jail Paragraph, p. 44, he fiys, if there was no Ice to prevent a Ship's pafTing, about the latter End of Augufty yet the (iales of Wine! and drifting Snow would put it out of have failf^d for contrary 11 clear from worth men- g to the Fac- vith the Fur- in Latitude V vidians ior lave ventured gs. Captain w's Streights, r intimidating calm in Sep- 5 every Night :c, a Qjarter furrounds the occafions the all to Pieces le Ship's Paf- t, fills all the of 6i^. with ', nay fome- :e his frozen [e then tells ly fent almoft -y, none but titue of 64". I ( 53 ) of all human Power to handle a Sail or keep the Deck : Yet look on the other Side of the fame Leaf, and you will find he tells you, that many Years Ships cannot pals lludfofi'i Streight outward- bound belorc the latter End of /lugufi. Upon the whole, I think no two Pages, ever printed, can match thefe two of his, p. 43 and 44, there being no lefs than fifteen Falfitics, Evafions and Incohe- rences in the Compals of Fifty -eight fuccefllve Lines. To my Obje6lion of his not enquiring after, or looking into the Opening the Lhitcnant Tiw near Deer Sounds he falls foul, as ufual, with the Lieute- nant's Report, which he fays is beyond his Comprc- henfion, and begs Leave to fubmit it to their Lord- Ihips, as it is a lample of his other Reports. I'his Report of Rankings of the 16th July 1742. which is fo very wilntelligibk to him, does not feeni fo to me, for I think 1 underftand it i it is plain he had not then been in the main Channel of JVagcr Streight, but between the Iflands and the N. E. Coalf, above Savage Sound, where he had a Chan- nel three or four Miles broad, with very good Soundings, as alfo through the Illands between that and the main Channel ; there he got into a clean Bay or Cove, where the Ships afterwards lay, and the Tide, it is plain, did not come along the Chan- nel between the Iflands and the N. E. Shore \ but came from the main Channel, through the IQands, from the fouthward,and flowed thirteen Feet. The mod northerly Iflands (Variation allowed) bore from that Cove N. W. four or five Miles, with very good Soundings •, above thefe Iflands the Streight was twelve or thirteen Leagues wide, and the Land from thence, if the Captain fpeaks true, as to the Courfe of the River, runs N. W. by VV. and the Lieute- nant fpeaks afterward of the true Courfe^ Variation allowed. Above that he found a larger and better Bay I'Htfi ''I m ■'si m 1* ■'1 ■ i. t K '"i :.^! I II I. i lih ( 54 ) Bay or Cove, with deeper Soundings, quite free from Ice (above the Point on this Side of the Bluff he then faw) and clean Ground. Here he again, fpeaks, without Variation^ and fays the Tide came from the fouthward, and flowed thirteen Feet and a Half, and the Streight was ftill twelve or thirteen Leagues wide. He there went upon the highefi: Land on the N. E. Side, and fet the Land, and he fays there was a Bluff upon the South Shore, with three Iflands off ir, and a low Point at the Back of it, that is, eajlward of it, which bore S. by E. from him, (he fpeaks ftill of the true Bearing) and a low floping Point, which bore S. by W. from him, with that Opening in the middle ; that is, \.\\t Opening appeared between thefe two Points, and the Land went away from that N. W, a higTi mountainous Land, which Opening runs down with a bluff Point, and fo to the other low Point, and thence it is again a high mountainous Land. He again confirms this, as feen by him from the high Land he was then up- on, and then fays, it being Quarter Flood, by the Tide that came in at fFager River •, he faw the Ice begin to move, and fet round the Point he was up- on, againft that Tide of Flood in the Middle of the main Channel, fo that it could be no eddy Tide ; and on the fixteenih in the Morning the main Chan- nel was almofl clear of Ice, and was nine or ten Leagues broad. Now upon the Lieutenant's giving the true Bearings, which it is plain he does by the Courfe of the Streight, it is very intelligible and confident, and it appears plainly that the main Chan- nel was free from Ice at that time, and that there was a counter Tide, from the Tide of Flood, which flow*d in at the Entrance of IVager River, and yet this Tide and Opening was never farther enquired into. As to the PafTage out of Wager Streight to the wcftward^ he refers to the joint Report of the Lieu- tenant ,w. P- "f: quite free 3f the Bluff re he again Tide came Feet and a or thirteen the higheft and, and he Shore, with the Back of re S. by E. karing^ and ^ from him, , the Opening id the Land mountainous . bluff Point, ice it is again onfirms this, was then up- lood, by the I faw the Ice X he was up- /liddle of the eddy Tide *, e main Chan- s nine or ten 'nant*s, giving ; does by the telligiblc and e main Chan- md that there Flood, which Uver^ and yet ther enquired Ureight to the t of the Lieu- tenant % hi ( SJ ) t€)iant and Majler, when it was mp.de to anfwer his Purpole, by faying there was a Fall of Water, and the Opening, they believed, was on the Eaft Side, by which they believed the Whales came in. But I refer to the Lieutenant*s original Report, where he fays the Tide turn*d againft them, that there was a fair Str eight leading W. S. W. and that he believed there zcas a Pajfage wejlzvard. In his Anfwer here he wants to intimidate, for there is no Danger of Ice in the Sea to interrupt their Faflage until the Beginning of 05lcber, or latter End of September at fooneft i and fince the Ice was ftill diflblving, he muft have got out eafier than he got in. Page 46, what he he here denies of the 3000 /. being offered to him, may be falfe, tho* the Pre- fumptions be ftrong that it is not fb ; but it is true that he told me they offered it to him, and he told others fo as well as me, in order to make it a Merit in him for having refufed it -, and tuo' the latter Part be all Trumpery, yet it is ftich as he told ; and, as I remember, the Offer was made him about the time he carried them a Letter from the Admiralty, to defire that they might give him all the Affiftance they could in the Difcovery, by letting him winter in their Faftories, and to fupply him with any thing he wanted, which the Ac .niralty promifed to repay them upon his Return. The Difcouric they had with him, as he related it, was nearly in thefe Terms j " That the Voyage he had engaged in, would probably bring them into a Laiv-fuit with the Croun about the Rights of their Charter, which might coft them perhaps 5000 / •, and a<; he knew all the Secrets of their Trade, it would be better for them to give him fo much Money, than to throw it away at Law •, fo that if he would quit the King's Service, and come back to theirs, or go to Davis*?, Streightj or any other Place, to find the Paffage, (but where he was ** ordered) (C (C (( tc <( cc 1( *' Goi " Hioi " real *' hi " b lis rory (■1 ma I Paj and dij as he not in Proof His he wo ever \ any , ^., fuch as he pleafcd in his Log-Book, he fays thrr *' ivas no fuch Order ^ and the J.og-Book rather almirJr' ' than is defective in Particulars. I don't lay thcK^ij; ; were Orders given about it, that v/ould have been too flagrant ; but yet he might minute down wha: he thought proper for his Scheme in it himfelf, ami: let others mark down only the common Occur- rences of the Voyage; and I (han't fay but that; the Log-Book abounds with common Occurrences! yet has very little relating to the Difcovery. ver. the far Deey to tJ thei] The beinj did ;''havioiir, ho blame hhnfelf '\i\\ me lohen which I made :ntcd of that n anu-nt^s; fo ciimftances n Scheme undc'i- Lillicc fay that GW>-, which ')tain's Reqvifft, ay Chillier, with n ir, as to their gave his Opi- exch'five 'Trade, m equal Rish^ ^' ihe ludinm is not qin alTerts; but ?q-, or at leaft dc- Icrchants of their . the Cap'.ain of-* I would take my me back, alter a | ahowed me upon ave had in if, was] t making Fntries ook, he fays thri\ ''iook rather nlmnJil I don'c fay there] c would have been ninute down wha: e in it himfelf, an '. - common Occur- han't fay but tha: nmon Occurrences, ; Dilcovery. V. (6i ) He denies the Fa<5l of his threat nbi^ to break up Boxe: and take their Books and Papers from them ivho kept Journals •, and refers to tiie Lieutenant^ s and Alajter's Anlwers. No Body pretends that he liuril hinder the Lieutenant and Majler from kcepin<; Journals, it is great Part of their Duty. But fee the Surgeon's and Clerk's /Infivers in his /Ippendis^ p. 1 86, 187, and 191. For it was //^'.j/t' he kilpeded of keeping Journals and making Obfervations^ and it was no Part of their Duty to keep any. He fays he never difcountenanced any frcm talk- ing about there heing a Poffage. It was only the Lieu- tenant^ Surgeon and Clerk, who gave theii- Opinion that there was a PaJJage. The Lieutenant laid, that when the Threats WcT^ made, he and the Wldihr were down the Rivers and upon their Return, the Captain thought proper to fend them to Deer Sound '0 make "trials of the Tides as by Order. None taxes the Captain about his not inflru^ting or improving his Men in the navigating Part, his Capacity is not in Quellion, it is liis Integrity is doubted, from his being blinded by the Company. To which the A'^a- fiers Anfwer was all Evafion, and rather the Cap- taints Defence, wrote down and figned by the Ma- fier, quite difFcrent from what he owned upon Ex- amination before the Admiralty, and therefore it has no Weight. — He fays it is a mere Fiftion, there being any Whales at the Weft End of IVager Ri- ver. I efteem Deer Sound, and all above it, to be the Weft End o^ IFager River or Streight, it being far above Savage Sound, and the Whales were above Deer Sound. The Words double-tongued Rafals, Sec. was told to the Surgeon and Clerk, which they mention iti their Anlwers -, probably no other Perlbn heard it. The Lieutenant and Mafier could not hear it, they being down the River ; the others, who fwcar they did not hear ir, were aboard the Difcovery, and muft have n xl m n KM I I i' I. M ;il (62 ) /;rti;^ had long Ears. 11 ii Fears, in the next l*ani- gr.ipli, about being doled up with Ice is all Cant,, ihere was no Ice then to tlillurb them, nor any Danger ot* any (or ftx fVeeks at leaft. He lays, the limiting them to go no farther than Deer Sound, was a Blunder of his Clerk'* s. It was well he had the Cierh to faddle with his Blunder. But why then did iir fign a Blunder ? Could he nor, when it was known, have given them a fuller written Order ? lie knjw a I'trbal Order could be no Warrant againft a written Order. He again fays, /'/ iz^as contrary to his hfiru^ions to fearcii for a Parage in Wager River againll an Ebb. Tho' the Ebb made out eaflerly below the Ships, yet in a Streight, a iveflern Tide might have met tliem farther lVefl\ lor the Lieutenant^ as men- tioned already, near Deer Sound, Jaw a Counter Current or Tide in the main Chinnel, which forced the Ice againll the Flood from the JVelcome ^ii^^l^ar- ter Hood; and if he had had 'Time fufficieni, beyond the N. W. Bluff, to have trjcd the -I'lde., probably thn Tide which fuddcnly turned againft them, might have been that •u:eftern Flood', but they durft not ftay to try it. Since I wrote the foregoing Paragraph, I receiv- ed the following additional Account from the LieU' tenant, which (I think) puts the Affair out of Dil- pute, and proves that the IVager is undeniably a Streight, and no frefli Water River *, and that the Captain knowing it flow'd fix Foot nigh the pre- tended Water-fall, mud have been told at the lame Time, that it was a Flood Tide from the W. S,W. that brought the Boat to a Grapnel. Mr. Rankin's Words are as follows : " In my Report of the 29th of July, 1742, I ** gave an Account that when I was lent up fp''age>- " River, and running in between fome Iflan'!? and " r " r " li " t -' h ** w " F, 4( a it cu " of " bv " M " foi " I V " Bo " fin " the " ver In fays. Inlet, about up', a| upon ready! brackii ivas a it the fl- ; next Para- e is (ill Cant, m, nor any farther than idle with his 1 a Blunder .^ : given them a / Order could r. his Inftru£l'ms rer againll an low the Ships* Tht have met w«/, as men- iiiw a Counter , which forced 'elcome at .Qi/^r- ifficient, beyond ^//f/^, probably againft them, but they durft rraph, 1 receiv- from the Lieu-^ fair out of Dil- ls undeniably a , and that the )t nigh the pre- told at the lame ,mtheW.S.W. Mr. Rankin's " the fuppofed Mam on the Wril Sliie of tlic " Branch, the Bo.it \v:is in, the Tide or Frefhcs " iiuldcnly turned aj^iinfl us, the Boat altering " the Land very min h bi.fore. Now I fliould '* have added, rliar linding the Bo.it fell a-lU'rn, ** notwiihlhinding we liad a good Breeze of Wind ** we were obliged to come to a Grapnel in twelve " I'iitiiom Water. I then lantled, and went upon " a Mountain, from whence I fiw a large and I'pa- " cious Srreight, leading away to the Southward " of tile Welt, or W. S. W. or more foutherly " by Compals. I flaid fome Hours upon the " Mountains ; and when I returnetl to the Boat, I " found the Water had tlow'd fix Foot i lo that " I was convinced that the Tide wliich llop'd the. " Boat, and brought her to a Grapnel, was ti " (Irony; Flood Tide from the W. N. W. beir.f " the Courfe we ftcei'd up that Branch of the Ri- " ver or Streight. John- Hankin'. In his Anfwer, about the Bottle of JFater^ he fays, // no where appears it was taken up near a tVefli Inlet, and depends murli upon the Mailer's Anfwer about the IVater? being frefher the farther he went up\ and the others Affidavit';, three of which were upon Mear-fay ; to which (if it be true) I have al- ready given a full Anfwer to account for its being brackifh upon the dijfolving of the Ice. He fay !',',« ( 66 ) '24 . and from thence it runs up N. W. how iheri could he ice it Soiiihivard of the ll^cjl from JVhalc- honc Point /' Otherwile he will have it to be a frcJJj l.dke^ ami yet it was a dear open Sea from Whale- hone Pdiit. Thefc Anfwcrs are wrote with pro- pund Judgment. Nartons and his huiians Land \\)yage, us be calls it, is all bis O'-jjn, and therefore not tu be believed. The Keafon he gives for not looking out for any Inlet or Opening betwixt Churchill and Whalebone Point was, becaufe, by his fnjlr unions, he was to jliil N. W. from Cary*s Suwt's Neft to Whalebone Point. That was very true, and proper, when he fniWl from England^ becaufe he was to pafs Caryh S'IU('.h\( N(ji ', but he, upon coufnlting his Officers, did not follow ir, but went away ftrait for Churchill^ becaufe ir was for the good of the Service he went upon, in v.'hich he fo far followed his Inflru£liom. But the Situation was quite different, when he went jrom Churchill., for he had all this Coaft to pais, beli;rc he could get to Whalebone Pointy and the Ice not dijfoked to the Northward, fo that he had "Time cmugh to make this Search, and he knew there v^cre Inlets and broken Lands North of Whak Cove, from Lovegrovc at Churchill \ but here he mult flick clofe to the Letter of his Inftruftions, and would not confult with his Officers for the Good or the Service, as his Inflruclions dire^ied him. Why : Becaufe it did not anfwer /vj Purpofe ; and fays. it would not have been fife for him in depardw^ from his Inflruclions to have fearched that Coall. Ilis Kxcufe for keeping his Ships in Savage C^: ' is trifling •, for there was a finer Harbour near Du Sound, free from Ice, and from thence he coiiM have gone wcftwa^d wiih{.)Ut Ice i it was only in the Narrow bilow vear the Entrance, where the Tide was flionc:, chat tlicrc wa? li.iy Danger from th-; h I. how iheri rom JVbale- to be a frep from PVhale- e with pi'o- ndians Land and therefore g out for any nd Whalebone IS, he was to to IVhakbone ;)per, ivhen he to pafs Carf^ HS Officers, did for Churchill, rvice he went ^/j Inp'uSltons. , i£;;^^« /; Governor to leave them near IVhak Coj: or Brook Cohham. But before I entjr upon this Melancholy Subject, I muft here c • ! >/e, that by his pretending to an- fwer this Papei i had left with the Admiralty, Ri ragraph by Paragraph, which was not the Charge againlt him, but only fome Reafons to fupport the Charge, he has ncgleded to anfwer the Charge brought againit him in the Queries \ and by this Means evaded anlVeriiig fomc of the 7ncjl materiii Articles agiinll him •, particularly the XVIIth ami XVIIIth Qiicrics, are entirely neglcfted in h:i Defcnc . r»r' fweai univii terwi not J. u :-M.M ; ' ' W.is not hi': the Kin^ Xi'?..m:c '.hty I liis Subf^:-- his fnlutin^^ It is plain he to the Coir- ■ve ihenn, that mpany. '^'■'^ dcr tiom th' e.s out \ and he J Complailanc i/V^ of the Ser- tlcny that the he lead of the kI 6. 1 IX-g. or It iiotl'. the Sur- infivcr to i^ierj :L. He next dc- le /«iiirt«^ ^ deli- st excules hlm- he made to the near JVhale Co:: •lancholy SLibjcct, pretending to an- i ( ^ ) Dcf'/nce, and therefore I 'tiuO here- inlert tliofe two QuLr^cs, nnd refer at large to r.hc Anfivers which ^rr, fi'M a^.iinft him, and are ot an extraordinary ]\'ature, to which lie has made no Defence or Re- ply. Query XVII. IVhcthcr frora the Rapid Tides near Brook Cobham, and from the Number of IFhales feen there, they did 7iot apprehend there might have been a Pafliige thereabouts •, and whether, by the bejl Accounts they could get from the Indians, by the In- terpreter they had, they did not intimate that the Strcight and Copper Mine they had been at, where ibey faw a great many large black F:Jh, was fome- whi'TC thercahouts, before they fell in with the Ice \ and whether the Captain did not threaten the Surgeon, upon account of his being fo intimate and corrrfpond- ing with the Indians, and for his attempting to come at the Knowledge of that Strcight and Paflage from them. Query XVIII. IFhether the two Northern In- dians were not deftrous of coming to England, and were not, contrary to their Inclinations, put afhore on an Ifland in 6 ^ Deg. fome Leagues from the Main, in an indifferent Boat, which they could not rightly ma- vage, their Enemies being upon the Coajt^ and they far from their ozvn Country. Part of the XVIIth he denies, and has not at all anfwered to the latter Part of iti and to the XVIIIth he has given no Anfwer, only his Pro- mife to the Governor, referring to the Majier*s An- fwer, which is nothing to the Piirpofe, and to three Affidavits of Towns, Grant and Cooper. Now Towns and Grant were aboard the Difcovcry, and therefore fwear by Hcarfay -, the Majter fays one of them was unwilling to go, and fo Cooper fwears ; but that af- terwards they were willing -, that is, when they could not help it. But I refer to the Lieutenants, and par- '^ ill' '' \h 1 ■) if'i i ^ • :i ■I ] ( 7° ) particular /y to the Surgeon's and Clerk's Evidence, in Anfwcr to thell* Qiierics, which are very full ; and to thefe the Captain has reply'd nothing, but made a vain Attempt to invahdatc their Teftimony by fVifon^s rnd Macbeth'^ Affidavit, tho' nothing to the Purpofe. See alfo the Appendix^ N^. XL. By looking into the Surgeofi's and Clerk's Anfwers, it will appear, that the Captain at firfl agreed to bring them to England-, but afterwards altered his Opinion, and dcfired that tbey might w/ know it; and that one of them parted with the Surgeon in "Tenrs^ and faid he could not tell what would become of them, at Juch a Dijlance from their Country, among their Enemies, fVinter coming on, Sec. But the Captain laid tbey would, when they came to fpcak Englifli, he talking of the Copper-Mine, and Paf- lage, and would put the Government to more Expence in attempting it again. But if lie was not afraid of their making a Difcovery, which would prejudice the Scheme he had entered into with the Company^ why did he threaten to take off the Surgeon's Ears for corfoerfing with them, and endeavouring to make a Vo- cabulary to learn their Language and teach them Eng- lifh, which they fecfued very fond of ; fo that after- wards he durit not converfe with them but by Stealth? Page 64, being a fummary of feveral Charges againll him, he fays is a Repetition, of being offered 5O00 /. and accepting two Tears Salary, all which k has already anfwered ; and lie thinks to carry all off with a ^Jaunt and a Sneer, and end his Defence with a Coup de Mai f re. But now, fayj lie, the Snake in the Grafs begins to fjew I'ifelf, for he funis up all with this ^uT\i\ Lorn- [-•iaint i that, upon this I gave an Order, under fe- vere Penalties, that none of my Crew JIjouLI have the Icifi Intercourfe cr I'rade with the Natives. A/y tcmpfl in tht nying undcil I. ELvidence, in yr full i and to but made a ftimony by nothing to sjo. XL. By Anfwers, it It agreed to Js altered his not know it ; le Surgeon in would become Zountry^ amon)^ ic. But the caffje to fpcak ine, and Pai- ) more Expence 5 not afraid of i prejudice tlie Company, why eon's Ears for }g to make a Vo- uch them Eng- fo that aftcr- them but by feveral Charges of king offered T, all which he to carry all otf IS Defence with ' Grafs begins to 'his grand Com- )rder^ under It'- I fljould have the e Nciiivcs. My ( 7' ) Lords, I have already faid 1 was bound in Duty and Gratitude to do this, zvhether the Company rewarded me or not. Permit me here, my Lords, to recritninate in my Turn \ and fo he goes on with a Rant, infi- nuating tiiat I bad been difappointed of w;v private Gain, and upon that Account would load him with ferving the Company at the Expence of the Piiblick i tho^ I have already fully anfwered this Point in a for- mer Article, yet here I mud add, thar if he liad done his Duty in the main Fart of his Voyage, none would have blamed him for his too great Friendlhip for the Company ; but if it be plain that he neglected the Difcovery, when pointed out to him in feveral Places', that he has made falfe Charts, laid down falfe Currents and Tides, and that he has formally laid down ". large frozen Streight, for his Tide to flow in at, and his JVhales to come through it, which he has made an hundred Fathoms deep, where there was jjo fuch Streight, but only a fmall Arm of the Sea furrounding an Ifland, which was but three Leagues wide, full of Iflands, and faft frozen from Side to Side ; and yet here pretends to be ftridly jufl and careful of his Old Maflers Interefts, then the Snake in the Grafs is retorted back upon him, and the Sting and Odium will lie at his Door ; and it will bz eafily be- lieved that he did not do this for nothing. As for my Part, I fhall ever be for breaking the Compa- ny's Charter, for the Benefit of Britain •■, for they have no legal Right to their darling Monopoly, and have, in many hiftances^ forfeited their other Rights as Proprietors of the Country, not only in not at- tempting the Paflage, which was the chief Prayer in their Petition for the Charter, but in their de- nying to undertake it, [^See Sir Bibye Lakc*s Letter, N^. VI.] and in difcouraging any others from Sec their Letters tQ their Governor undertaking it. a: M 'VI -I Jxl ' tr.1 Wm »I4: H :* i!'* i I'iil! •I .4. ^ ^", which he ftyte^""' ,,au.rcWli, May '.J- ■74 j «'^^ ^, »/'^^°"S^ ^ina the Countries withmthw ^^;,^;„^ ^ut p"|r««r, have don.c fj^.^'\^ ,ike the Dog m C if allow no o,hcrs.o ^J^J-^, have loft aeon- I',d" li/ .1-" - iXe o"eTlh'd/f Go;f. Qnurh of the Bay •, and thereiorc ^^^^^^^^ . ^Xould have thloglu «"°'-°V^£Tt would have but would not, becavl= 1 T ^of the Difcovety „ en them off from the P«r/« r as to his cv-:;: e large Orh;!'!:'- , which I Uiv,-. an''. ■i and left in the Admiralty, in wliicfi f oblervo lu:nr few Things to diftl-r from the Pod-et T/'^Dook^ he Jias printed ; and tioni his oivfijoiinhzl kcp: in the Furnace, a Copy of whicli he figneil antl fent to mc'i tho* at tiic fame Time it will be allowed mc, that where any Thing ajipjars to be minutjd down from the C( om tne Laptain s hngular evidence and Allertion contrary to what appears u''>on proper Evidence, and from Reafon, it cannot be a 'I'ell for liim ; yet: Fadls muft be allowed to lie good EvUkme againil him, wlierc fufficicnt Evidence lii[)ports them. Now moll of the Affidavits \v: has ptoduced feem cliieny defigncd to take off the Weight of MenVs. Thcvip- fon and lV}grJc\ Evidence againll the Captain, ic being too Jlrong to be contradidled •, and therefore from fome loofe FjcjTefTions they maJe ufc of in his Affidavit-men's hearinrr, they would alledge there was Malice and Piq'te in tiieir Behaviour to the Cap- tain. All that is attempted to invalidate their Evi- dence is from JVilJon*^ and Alacbeth^s Aflidavits ', ibr Dcwilde's is nothing to the Purpofc. IVilfan the Majler, who only feems to puHi that Matter, and who fwears nothing upon any material Article, fwears in very indeterminate and loofe Words, that Thompfon and IVigate only wanted him to corn- pleat a certain Purpofe ; that he might ex peel to he employed in Captain Mi dd Ic ton V Place ; and fo brought hir.i to me. Was there any Crime in this, it llridly irue ? They wanted him to declare the Truth againfl: the Captain, who they "joere fare had mifbehaved j for if any Thing more had been faid, Jic proved a very willing Evidence for the Captain, and would certainly here have fworn it againll them. Accordingly he came, and I have already declar'd, which I lliall do upon Oath when required, that he faid the Water, as far as he had been, was fa!t -, that tL'cre ivcs a fair Channel four or five Li gues broad be- L 2 yond 1 >1 Km v.- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 & 4^ ■i^. i/j 1.0 I.I £ us 1110 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ■• 6" ► V] <^ /a '^A 1^ w /: °% o' V M Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 o 1^ ? ■■: k ,\i ' 11' iili yond the IJlcims rumiiiig S, If. as fur a< he could Jri\ bcfvi'ccn very high broken Lands, quite free from Ice \ and that be was fure, from that, and the W halts feen, ivhich be faid niujl have come from the IVtft- ward, for they never come in from the Eall Entrance cf Wager River, olher-wifc they mtifl have feen them belczi', that there -'juas a Paffage. This, with feveral o- ther Fads, he w////7/^n/y declared to me, upon my tel- ling him all the Intercll I had in it was to have tbs Truthknowi), and have the IF/jole appear j which, up- on my defiring it, hepromifed to reduce into JVriting zndfign it, and Mr. IVigatc was to affifl him in putting it intoForm, which was the Occafion of Mti^vsWigaic and Thompfon''?> waiting upon him again to have it rcGviced into Writing ; nor is it likely, if, as he fwears, he Jliould rcfufe to put it into Writing when I defircd him, but only referred to his Jour- nal, that IVigate and 'Thcmpfon would go to him again to afiift him in putting it down in Writing, Upon his leaving me, the Captain gets him to his JLodgings, and there tutors iiim and prevails upon him, either by Fromifes, or out of Cmipaffion to him, not to come near me to give F.vidence, but to refer to his Journal and Report. Now it is iv) Way furprizing that Mr. Thompfon and IVigatc upoi feeing him again, fliould be concerned and angry ac finding him ffouffie and fay he would reduce nothr- into IVriting, nor come near me any more, for h. would be the Ruin c^ no Man, he would beo; lii^ Bread frjl •, nor is it wonderful that I fhould ex- prefs a Surprize at the Mafl:er*sa6l:ing a Part lb con- trary to what he had voluntarily owned to me ; and I believe I might fay, what, has the Captain goi him ? It was very lucky that he came here before thi Captain faw him, othcrwife he would not have oivif^i zvhat be did ! Now, was their bringing him to me, or endea- vouiirg mc cor in{ non to the apj Pe hej n otll val n( thi cal OiJ ( he could /.'I'l fyce from Ice ; / the WivAic- '■om the IVcji- \ Eall Entrance \ have feen them '. with feveral 0- e, upon my tel- vas to have tk ear; which, up- ue into IVritini ift him in putting gain to have it ikcly, if, ^^ l^e t into Wriung red to his Jour- xild go to him own in Writing, gets him to his ,nd prevails upon of Onnpaffion to ;t FA'idence, bur Now it IS no and^/;^^^'''^ip'^^ :ned and angry iu uld reduce 7iothi)\^ any more, for Ij. he icoiild beg y that I Ihould a- ting a Part lb con- iwned to me -, aiiu as the Captain got ame here before ihi^ mid not have oivn'i to me, or endea- vouiinS (77) vouring to get him to own the Trutii, criniiml In them, when they were adting for the public Good, in detecting the Captain's Frauds, NeglncI, and perhaps Corruption ? Ouglu they not, by all proper Methods, to procure Evidence to fupport iheir own ? Nay, if they had given him Hopes of being employed^ in cafe he told the Truth, is that any ivay criminal? Or was their fpeaking in hard Terms againil the Captain, if he has milLehaved in lb Jhameful a Manner, a Crime, by fliying they zuoidd lave him broke, &c. fo that his principal Evidence has fliiled in proving any Thing againft them •, and Mac- beath\ Evidence is much lels to the Purpofe. As to Mr. lVigate'*i> boaiVing that he zvould do the Captain's Riifinefs, and that he expected to be made a Purfer, ic is very natural for him to have faid or thought fo, when he knew the Captain's Frauds and Mifcon- du5l, dec. and that he would deferve a Reward in deteding him ; nor are his Exprefllons about his Letters from me any way material, fuppofing them tru-'i for upon their informing me by an anony- mous Letter, that there was a PafiTage, (which was concealed by the Captain, thro* Roguery, by mak- ing Tides and frozen Streights where tliere were none, which they ivould Jland to, and were willing to rifque their Lives in another Attempt) I anfwered their Letter, dircdting to a feigned Name, as they appointed me, and told them if they were .real Perfons, and made good what they wrote, upon hearing from them again, I would come llrait to London, and afTill them with all my Interefl: in an- other Attempt. Now how can thefe Affidavits in- validate their Evidence? On the contrary, have they not, by proper Evidence and Reafon, proved that there hno frozen Streight or Tide from ir, luch as can anfwer his Purpofe, which being prov'd, makes out every other Faft, and proves that the Tide in the ». i i 'Si i '<■ \ I'|!:- ': i' i!; !! ri" ^! ;i. 1 :i ,,; ( 78 ) the Welcome comes from a [Vejlern Ocean^ and all the Whales from thence according to his own Let- ters. As to Dezvi!de*s Affidavit, what docs it fignify ? When the Lieutenant^ Surgeon and Clerk had fully proved \.\\(iCaptahi\ Mifbehaviour to thcSatisfa^lion of the LiOrds of dn Admiralty, I recommended them ; and told them ihcy would be taken care of until the Seafon (jiTered for undertakfng another Voyage, when they would be employed. Thefe Affidavits are like Men, drowning, catching at Straws, and fhew a very bad Caufe ; for he found their Evidence was ftrong againft him. The other Affidavits of To'ivns, Van Sobriek, and Grant, aboard the Difcovery, cannot be evidence of what happened aboard the Furnace, and are all Hearfay as to the Salt Water ; only Van Sobriek*s, who was near Deer Sound ; but the Majler, who went farther, would not fwear it, nor could he give fuch Evidence before the Admiralty •, he only faid it was brackijh, which is a very loofe Word ; but the Captain, in his written Anfwer, got him to fay that it was frcfljer the farther they went up. As to Whales, without Wager River, he has not got one in the Furnace to fwear they faw any -, fo that if any were fcen, it was from aboard the Difco- very ; but if that Fact be true, what is it to his Purpofe? H\si Frozen Streight h gone, thro' which they were to have come : He believes they did not come round Cary*s Swanks Neji ; none are in other Parts of the Bay, but from thence to Whale Cove, nor are there any which come thvo* Hudfon''s Streight; from whence muft thefc have come.? No where but from the Wejlward-, and as they had little or no Ice in Wager River when they came out of it, the Whales mieht have come out much about the Hurie Time from Deer Sounds or from Whalehn: Point, by 1 ^^^ 1 whe i '^^'^' i ^in 1 <^f 1 Sav i ^^^^ 1 £r/ H: :' I. iilf '! ]• aiif and all is own Lct- 1 It fignify ? k had fully atisfa5tion of ndcd them ; ;ire of until her Voyage, /Iffid'avits are ^s, and Ihew Evidence was Van Sohriek, t be evidence and are all ^an Sobriek*s, Majlcr^ who could he give y •, he only loofe Word ; got him to went tip. As has not got J any -, fo that ird the Difco- It is it to his , thro' which s they did not I are in other IVhale Cove, idfon^Str eight \ No where but id little or no out of it, the about the (lime ''halebonc Pointy by ( 79 ) by Cape Dohhs\ {o that, without hh frozen St reis;l>t, it won't answer his Putpofe. But has he attempted to bring ^»y Proof that he faw Whales there before he entered IFagcr River ? And yet he affirmed he did in his Anfwer to mine of the 22d of January. So that all Fai^b make againft him. 'Towns and Van Sobriek alfo fwear that the Flood came from the Eajlward from the Frozen Straight ; yet this they muft take from the Failb of the Cap- tain, for they were never afliore to know, and what he was pleafed to call Flood, that they believed to W. U\ J lis Affidavits to prove that the Indians went willinu,ly affiore at Brook Cobham are all taken from Men who were aboard the Difcovcry. Wtlfon and Cooper., who were in the Furnace, own that one of ihem was unwilling, but he afterwards feemed wil- ling i how could he help it ? he knew he muji obey, lb went off without Regret ! and yet the Majler docs not fwear this in his Affidavit, which would have been more material, wlien he was Swearing, So that upon the whole, his Affidavits find Evidence are inlignifirant, and all the Fa5is^ Logs and Jour- nals are againft him, and fupport the Charge of his Mifcondu(5l, I muft onlyobferve one Thing more, which is the loofe, inccrreSf Way fomc of his Creatures have fworn to in fhe Affidu " s. Towns and Gr<^;z/ were both aboard the Difcovery. Towns fwears he was aboard the Difcovery in Deer Sound, the 2othof y«/y, 1742, when Capt.;'n Middleton and Moor returned from Savage Sound -, and Grant fwears he was at the fame Time aboard the Difcovery in Savage Sound, when Captain Middleto:. and Moor returned from above Savage Sound. Mad this Inconjijlency been only in the printed Defence, I fhould have taken it for an Error in the Printing, but as it is the lame in his Manufcript 'i it^i It;! I !:■ llll !■ ( 80 ) Mamifc/-ipt delivered in to the Admiralty, I mud prefume it is the Hirne in the Original Affidavits ; lb that they juft fwore them as the Captain brought them prepared for them. From thefe Neglects^ OmifflonSy falfe Currents^ I'ides^ Streights, and Rivers, which, by the Weak- nefs of his Defence, are now fully proved againfl: him, fince his Treatment of the Indians, and the Difcouragcment given to thofc who look'd into the main Point of his Voyage, his Complaifance, Defe- rence, and Refpe^l to the Company, to the Prejudice of the Difcovery, are all jirong Proofs againft his Condu(5t. 1 may boldly affirm, that both the Com- pany and he know there is a Paffage, or all this Ar- tifice in clofing up Inlets and Streights, and opening others, contrary to Truth, would net have been publiflied in lo glaring a manner by him ; but in hopes to prevent all future Attempts, from the Opi- nion they had, that his Capacity in making the Trial, and \i\%CharacJer, "^'ovXfSJilence all further En- quiry about it ; upon which they gave out that he had not only not found the Pafllige, but fhewcd that it was impra5licabie to make any farther Attempt to find it. I think therefore I may boldly affirm that fronn Whale Cove in 62^. 30'. to Wager River, it is ali broken Lands and Iflands, by what Lovegrove faw Weflward of Whale Cove, Rankin from Marhic I/land J Fox, Norton, and Scrcggs, as far as Whale- hone Point ; and Rankin and Wilfon from the Weil Bluff in Wager Streight. This is proved from the high and rapid Tides all along that Coaft, as far as Cape Frigid, which, from the Time of the Tide, and Courfe, is now proved to come from ihtWc" Jiern Ocean, and confirmed by their Height and Ra- pidity. For the Tide, inftead of being later the iarther from hh pretended Frozen Streight, is earlier Z AS ■A figej accol veral abrc ir, \\| I. ■! Ifl I 1' ity, I mud Affidavits ; 'ain brought Ife Currents, \f the JVeak- Dved againft ans, and the )k'd into the lifance, Defe- the Prejudice 's againft his )Oth the Com- r all this Ar- ?, and opening ct have been f him-, but in from the Opi- 1 malting the ill farther Kn- ve out that he )Lit (lie wed that fbcr Attempt to rm that from River, it is ali Lovegrove faw from Marble far as IVhnlc'- from the Weil roved from the Coaft, as far me of the Tide, from the/f^- Height and Ra- being kter the rei^bt, is earlitr ns ( Si ) as flir as IFhak Cove ; for he owns from Ki'Ifty, as alfo the Sloops who were at IVkile Cove in 1737, that a W. S. W. Moon made High-water rhere, it is now proved that a Welt Moon makes High-wa- ter troni Marble IJlaml 10 the Entrance of IVagcr Streight •, and at Cape Frigid a N. W. Moon makes Hij.;h-water : This proves that JVhale Cove is near- eft the i{'''t'Jtcrn OceaK, and the Tide flowing from the Welt at Marble IJland^ is alfo a conHrmative Proof. He alfo owns, in 6Vr(7^tf^*s Journal, that the Flood in the lyelcome forced him upon the Eafc Coa(i:, which proves that it came through thofc broken Lands on the Weft of the IVelcome\ the Number of Whales, ictw all along that broken Coaft, confirms the whole, vvliich is alfo attefted by the feveral Northern Indians. He alfo owns thif: the Eakern Tide is fpent at Manfellh [fie antl Cary*6 Swan*s Neji ; and alio North of Mill Ifles^ and that no Whales came thro* Hiidfon\ Streight., or round Cary\ Swanks NeJi ; fo that bis frozen Streight being a Chuncra of his own, all Circum- ftances coincide in making out the Pajjage. Since then from Captain Middleton*s publi filing his Defence, and thereby laying me under an Ob- ligation to anfwer ir, the feveral Steps taken in making out this Difcovery are made public to all the Trading Nations in Europe, which I hitherto have endeavoured to conceal from Foreigners, until we ftioiild have been able to have brouQ-ht it to Per- feclion •, and lince a very great Benefit muft accrue to Britain by cur being the Difioverers and fr/} Po[JL'ffors of the Countries and 'IVadc thro* the Paf- fage, which will give us a Right preferable to others, according to the fettled Maxims laid down by the fe- veral Nations in Europe^ upon their fixing Colonies abroad, I am humbly of Opinion that all whoconflder ir, will think ir a j^rudentSrep in the Governm'jnt to M pro- It j fl'r;' t,M^ ■V ;i(V m ■^ 'lai .1111 111. ( «2 ) .,. r,mn as the Stafon w crown the Undertaking. p O S T C R I P T. ^APT. MOOR '-f;— '" S - C icrty's lH,k '''^.^.'J-i^^^om the Lords ol t„e Aamirulty Imce 1 '"''.'^"Xb" roper to nUcrt I'.ocrs to Vrel?, 1 tlimk it will be pr y ^ ,^i^ _fcj.,,, ro ">""', ^"ii^ihe Materials for coiTiing (he .•;/,•.««..;■•, «';,"*y tnuieion's Behaviour during his Vovagc, and tht y #«?/ ^^^^^^ J.ies pubhiva, m rdat^n to J- ;^„,, f,,iy ex?laln'd Cair^-;^-5, ^t'"' ' 1 l-v romuarin" the different ^«- to the Reader, «'" 'V ""en the Truth : There- Ac,,, sv.ll uiore re.rd|ly ic ' ^^^^^ „„, obferve, ^,,e, to ^vhat 1 '■:'v^;-;»-^.'' V "^ ; R,,at;on'to Capt. ■I hat, tl^^'-n-''^'""," 'uat in all his .*- hdklou, ana has ^h™ shout n^ a^ ^ r«.r-S dealt as tenderly .t^hnt ^,^j 'as the Ke.v.nd to is "«» "^ ' ,,e has, i» »«• mmck JuHUe «''"'\l-™\'^rKelation's Conduft, ,i»,^ »K:m"I, Jl'l"'''\l ' ,, ' „ has laid down in h» or Ihcw'a that Capt. MuUeun Diauglits I i • Scafon is ions from our IVe- ■ Ncg,lc6l •, ine Protec- Succefs will P T. N ^'i of His Ma- , having an- il the Lords of the foregoing roper to infcrt leir ^icries and . at the End of rials for coming ehaviour during Draughts he has ; Strait^ "tides, e fully explain'd ■he dififeient An- Trudi: Therc- luftonlyobferve, •elation to Capr. in all his Ji- ^ricnd's Character ir, Integrity and vet he has, m no- eUuion's Condui^c, s laid down in bi^ Draughts I i ( «3 ) Diaughts, or dcfcribM in hi^ \Vriiinp;<;, any tUins^ of the I'ides, Currents, Stivights, tifc. wi:h tJiac i'ixadtners the Nature of the Scrvia.- lie was ordi.T'd upon requii'd ; but, on the contrary, Capr. iMo.or has confirm'd the moft material Articles I liave ob- jeftcd to in Capt, Middleton\ Conduct relating to the Publick Iritji repos'd in him by thcl-ords of che Ad.- miralty. T. Capt. A/ocT allows that tlie Tide, in the n;iddle of Hudfon''?> Streightj loofes half the Pbrce it Jias a: the Entrance -, and that at the Well: ImuI of the Streighf, from Salijltiry to the North Main^ ic is but four or five Leagues wide •, and tliat No'tin^^hani is not more from ihe North Main than [even or ei^ht Leagues : Yet Capt. Middlcton h;is laid it down \\\ his Draughts, much zvider, in order to carry a Tide to H J s Frozen Str eight. II. Capt. Moor allows there was no Ice to prevent their lool'ing into any Openings or Inlets, until tiicy came to 63°. 40'. nor any until they get into the Welcome, except what they call Sailing Ice. III. He owns that Middlcton hoifted ancho'-inf;!; C'> lours in 63". 20', and had fipf^ Weather, and linooth Water, but did not anchor, tho' it would have been very proper, and of Service, to have known tho Tide there-, that, by his Trial, he thinks tiicTidc ran there more than three Knots, but could not tell whether it was Flood or Ebb. IV. He fays that it would have been right to have fearch'd the Coaft South of the lVeko',m\ and pardcularly where Scoggs found fuch great Tides ; but endeavours to excufe him, by iaying his In- ftru6lions were to pafs IVhalebone Point, which would have been right in going from England, but was not for the Good of the Service in going from Churchill, and therefore he Ihould have confuitcd his Officers, and done for the be't ol the Service. M 2 V Me .(H, i; .11 1' <, [ m : m \ ..% 1' ( S4 ) V. lie owns the Tide in ll^a^cr River ran above fcvcn Knots, iliu' the Cipiain taxM mc with fay- iii^^, it ran IkIwccm fix and nine Kiiol<;. VI. When he was with the Captain above Deer SoimJy he lays, about a Quarter of a Mile from the Shore^ the Men that tailed the Water in theirHands, iaid It was not very lalt. '1 hey atterwards went aix)ve a Qjarter of the Way to the Mid-channel, and then returned. He fiys he believes Mtddldon intended going over when he left the Tent. There was /cc driving with the Tide, but none to prevent their pafling. VII. He acknowledges when the Lieutenant brought back three Bottles ot Water from different Places, when he was beyond the Well Bluff, he was preient when the Captain tailed each, and owned that the Bottle which was taken up iarthell Welt was the faltetl. VIII. Me fays he law no Whales but above Deer Sound, and at Brook Ccbbani, near Marble IJland. IX. He fays he faw plainly the Opening or Strclght between Cape Frigid and the Lo-w Beacl.\ which was not above three Miles wide ; that he knew nothing of a fro7'.cn Sireighr, but what lie had from Captain j\I:ddleUf?, and the reil that were there; but there was no fueh Tide there (although lo narrow) as in Jl^'ager River. X. He lays he had no Opportunity of trying the Tides in the I'^ekcme upon, his Return, being ob- liged to crowd all the Sad he could to keep up with the Fur.iacc ; and was feldom near enough to know whether it was main Land or Ifjands. XL That the Boat the Indians were put in was very indifferent, nor did they know how to ma- nage ir, and their Enemies the EJkimaux were very numerous upon the Coatf. XI [. That he heard the Captain fay, more than once, that he ^jjouldhc iihk to make the Voyage, mid no Hi T ran above K' with fay- above Deer lile from the I thi-irH.iiids, •rwards went Mid-channel, vcs Aliddleton Tent. There nc to prevent le Lieutenant from different 'ell Bluff, he .'d each, and en up farthell ut above Beer irble IJland. z Opening or le Low Beach, ide i that he 3ut what lie reff that were lere (although ( ^5) ■,:one on Board fiwuld be cblc to know 'CohtUher ibor ivas a Pqlfl^e r nol -, and that he zvould he a letter J-ricnd to ih Company than ever. From tiiefc Anfwcrs, which arc wrote down with all the Tendcrnefs he could flicw to the Captain (conhlltnt with public Ju(lice) it plainly appears that Ifis Frefh-water River jyager, his great l-Vozcn Streight, and vaft Tide running through it, his Whales coming under ir, and North-ealtern Flood, are all falfe, and that he never thoroughly examined any Part of the Wcff Side of the lt'''clcomc\ and that his Tides there were more rapid than he has allowed, yet would not come to an Anchor to make any Obfervations, tho' it was Hue Weather and fmooth Water. I need fay no more upon the whole, but refer to Captain Mcor*s Anfwers, and alfo the Lieutenant'' s Paper figned by him and fe- veral Men on Board, which are in the Jppendi.\\ N^ XLIII. I Id of trying the jrn, being ob- keep up with ough to know e put nn was how to ma- niHx were very ay more thiiin I be Voyage, and A P P E N- }.S\ m (^7) APPENDIX. ^735. Captain MiddletonV firfi Letter to me. N?. I. Sir, London, January 16, I Had the Honour to receive your Leitcr dated from Dublin the 23d ult. the Contents whereof 1 communicated immediately to Sir Bibye Lake^ who allows me the Liberty to inform you, that the Company did, by the Ships which failed hence lall Year, tranfmit your Directions to their Agent at Churchill, for preparing a Sloop, and I'uch other Matters as fhould be neceflary to prolccute the Dif- covery you mention; about which they defign to give their farther Inftruiftions next Seai^jn. I was not at Churchill myfelf lalt Summer, as you feem to think, but ^t Albany \ and I could not there receive any new Information about the Pro- bability of aPalFage. I am. Sir, Tour moft obedient Servant, Chrirto. Middlcton. A rough Draught of my Letter to Sir Bibye Lake :'';; April, 1736. N°. II. Sir, By a Letter I had from Captain IvJiddleton laft Wincer, which he had communicated to you, i had you were i"o good as to give proper Direc- tions ■m !' im / ;il',i ,' i !'i ( 88 ) tions to your Governor of Churchill, to fit out a Sloop to attempt the Paflage at Ne Ultra •, and that you would continue your Inftrudlions to the fame Purpofe next Spring by the Ships you fend into the Bay* The Hurry I have been in of late prevented my making my proper Acknowledgments to you and the Company, for your lb readily promoting a fartlicr Attempt of that Padlige after your for- mer Difappointments, upon the Keafons I laid be- fore you, which were the Foundation of my firm Belief that there muft be an eafy Paffage fi-om Ne Ultra. Since you were [)leafed to approve of the Rea- fons I offered, why a frcfh Attempt (hould be made to difcover that Pafliige, I lliall beg leave to offcT my Thoughts of the manner in which the Attcm.pt may be made, with mod Certainty and lead Ex- pence, and what Oblcrvations the Mailers of the Sloops ought to make and fend you, in order to your forming your Judgment, whether they have! taken the proper Mctliod and Courfe to find the PalTage •, in order to your pr()fecuting it, in cafe their Accounts be farisfaCtory, with Advantage to your Company, and Benefit of England. I think two Sloops would be neccfiary •, and they ought to he no larger than is requifite to protect them from the Natives (in cafe any fiiould appear) in the Creeks, into which they put from time to time, as they coafl alonj?: the Shore ; and they ought not to draw above toui I'eeL Water. They ought each to keep a particular Journal of their Courfe, in cafe they at any Time feparate from each other, which (if pofiible) they ought to avoid. The ear- lier in Summer thev fail from Lburch'ill the better, before the Ice breaks wp in the Bay ; for fincc thL7 draw little Water, they may fail along the Shore within the Ice. They ought to make the bell of their Way, until they come to the Latitude 64^. I without ^ ■;(r i 1 to fit out a Ira •, and that to the fame fend into the late prevented men IS to you ily promoting iter your for- Ibns I laid be- )n of my firm .ffage from Ne ve of the Rea- hould be made leave to cficr :h the Attcm.pt and leaft F.x- VIa(lers of the 111, in order to ther they have irfe to find the :ing if, in cafe Advantage to md. ' flary •, and they jifite to p.-otect ' ftiould appear) t from time to •and tliey ought They ought )f tht'ir Courle, om each other, void. Tliecar- chill the better, •, for fince they long the Shore ;\ke^ the belt ot Latitude 64^. without ( ^9 ) v.'itlinut being inouifitive about the Harbours or Creeks from Cbtinhill to tliat Latitude, unlef; blow- ing Weather or contrary Winds make them take fhelter in their PalTage •, and then they ought to lake the Soundhigs and Bearings of tlie I ,ands, the letting and rifing of the "^"ides, and Bokincfs or Height of the Coafl. V aen they con'.e to 64''. riiey mufl" Le very exacft about the Tides, vhether they meet the Flood coming from the W. or N. V/. as the LandG lie, and whether it flows halt 'i'idc i:i the Offing, whether it be earker upon the fouihing of the Moon than at CburchiV^ and whethtT it riles higher •, and alfo obferve the Variation, and wh? • ili-'r the Coafc bt: bolder, or whether there be more or k:fs Ice than farther down in the Bay ; and what Fifh appear, whetiier Whales or other Fifli ; and as ihcy fiil along nordierly 01 vvefte»-ly, if the Coaft falls off, as it is expefted, they mu(t obferve to look our for a Creek or Harbour, in cafe they lliould take Harbour, and whether any Signs of Inhabitant'^, and mult endeavour to keep m with the Weftern Coafb -, and if tlx^y find an open Sea to Vv"ell:ward, after they pafs Gc^'^. and the Land fliould fail away to WcRward, and the Tide of Flood meets them, and an earlier Moon make full Sea, then the Pafflige is gained ; and they may only iail 50 or 100 Leagues farther Weilvvard, and look out for an Harbour for Ships, which may go next •Seafon, and then return to Cburclvll for fear of any Dilalfer, and fend over a Journal to the Company of their Obf rvations. By proceeding after this Manner, a Difcovery may be made for a trilling Expcnce ; and one Sum- mer may afccrtain .vhethcr therj is a PaOage or not. Copies of their Journals ihould be kept at Cburchil', iiFid the Original fliould be brought over fur i\\t Company's Satisfaiftion. N Thefe, % T'li ,^."'H m M !'( ■ ''•*] 1 r.m. jif:; III 9 Iji ■if I ft Pi II { 'P) '1 lidV, Sir, I ih'uik arc! fome of the IndruJlioiis which m.iy be given, which I fubmit to your Judg- ment ; to which may be added fuch farther Direc- lions as the Governor i)^ Churdvll and the Captains trading to the Bay think proper. 1 flioukl be infmircly obliged to you if you woukl favour me with an Account of what Steps you take in profecuting this Diicovery •» and at the Return -, Kii the Ships, to let me know what Attempts have been made, and what Oblervations are returned to you, for it would be the grcateft Pleafure to me to Lear that you had fuccccded in the Attemp^ I wilh you Succefs in all your Affairs, and am, ^c. hi Summer (1737) / ii'as in London, and waited ti^ry; Sir Bibye Lake, "lv/jo then told me they had or- dered the Sloops to try the Pajfage that Summer. Captain Middleton was then upon his Voyage^ fo 1 had i]0 farther Correfpondence with him, until the ^'h/ps returned in October, when I had the following Lcucr from him : of N^ III. •S' I .J ,! 1 'I, ' I r% :iil :; ;'i Sir, London, Nov. 5, 1737. I Am now (tliank God) liifely arrived from Hud- fy/i^s Bay, and thought proper to inform you that the Company fent two Sk)ops upon the Difcovery this laft Summer-, but, in my Opinion, the Pto- j-ile on board vverc not duly qualified for fuch an Undertaking. They proiecuted their Voyage no farther than the Larir. 62^. ~ North, and returned without making any new or ufcful Diicovery, fo far as lean karn. They found a great many lOands, Abun- wiance of Black Whale, but no very great Tides, ihc higheit about two Fathoms, the Flood com- ir.g from the Northward. If the Expedition was undertai\en in good carncil, and proper Perlons employed. I for th to th I been /hort ever, th^T there thro' twoJF . your Judg- irther Direc- the Captains if you would tcps you take : the Return .ttempts have e returned to fure to me to 5, and am, ^<^. )V\y and "ivaited n'e they had or- Summer. his Voyage, fi himj nntil the id the following \ ( 9^ ^ employed, with fuitable F.ncourar^emcnt, it v\oukI loon determine what Snccefs might be expeftcd ; and it fcems not impofTiblc but a Pafllige would bt^ found. If you fhould be in Loudon this Winter or next Spring, I fhall be extremely glad of tiie Ho- nour to wait upon you, and tender my Service im any Thing that may be in my Power. \\\ the mcun Time you'll be pleafed to do me the Favour of fignifying the Receipt of this Letter, and {o good as to conceal any Intelligence I may have an Opportunity to give you from Time to Time of this Affair. Be pleafed to diredt for me in London Street, near Ratclfff Crofs, and believe me to be, with the higheit Efleem, Sir, Tour mcji obedient Servant, Chrift. Middleton. ^his I atifwered in the latter End of November, of which the following is a rough Draught j and at the fame time wrote to Sir Bibye Lake : m N^ IV. ov. 5, 1737- ived from Hud- nfurm you that the Difcovery mion, the Peo- fied for fuch an leir Voyage no h, and returned fcovery, Ibfaras ly Klands, Abuii- :iy great Tides, he Flood com- F^xpedition was proper Perions employed. Sir, I Had the Favour of yours of the 5th Inflant Yefferday, and am exceedingly obliged to you for the Information you have given me in relation to the late Attempt for the N. W. Difcovery. I muff join with you that they feem not to have been duly qualified, or they would not have ftop'd ihortat 62". ^ N. and rciurned before they got to 64*. 10', where Foxawd Button had been: Flow- ever, it is Co far an Enconra!;fment, as it confirms the Tide's flowing from the iVorth, and theWhales there mufl come from that Side, none coming thro' Hudfonh Streight. The Tide there, tho' only two Fathom, is much higher than in the Bottom N 2 of ■■ k j'i it|i ■ -li*! I'll i ii m 'I ; \h i 1.1 (92) of the B.iy, and confcqucntly can*t com? in thro' the Str(;ii2;hrs. I am, from the Confirmation of :hcfc Paffii and noth mc, convinced 01 is wanting but a f^crfon of Judgment and Capacity to make a thorough Difcovcry. I'm forry 1 can't be over next Spring, having only returned irorn London three Months ago ; but even from licnce can promote its being cficdually fet on Foot by Sir CbarL's PVagcr^ v\ cife the Company fhould not I'canily engage in if; anil you may be aflured, whatever farther Light you can give me in it, fliall not i)c difcovered by me, but juil fo far as you will give me Leave, nor your Name mentioned. Ho-.v- i.ver I hope for a more particular Account, if you can, of their Journal. Lafl Summer, when I was over, I viraited upon Sir Bibye Lake, and he told me they had given In- fuUiflions to their Commander at Churchill River to fit out Sloops for the Di{( overy ; fo I fhall wri'p to liim by this Poft, as if I had heard nothing, but only to defire him, fmce I hear their Ships are re- turned, to let m,e know what Accounts they have had •, and if any Thing has been done, that ht^ would fend me an Extract, of their Journal for my Animadvcrfions, that I may form a Judgment of it i and by his Anfv.'er I fliall judge whether tluy are in earncft in profecuting the Difcovery, and can form my Meafurcs accordingly. And if I knew your Inclinations as to your own attempting it, or any of your Friends, I would promote ir, with Sir R, V/. in caie tjie Company don't efll'c- tually fet about it ; f-^r whoever will efFe6l it, will certainly defcrve a Reward from the Public. I am, The fcUovnng is the :'Qiigb Draught of mine to Sir B'.bye L.ii'ie, '//'-:• fa:ih' Pyt, N^ V. I ,'■ '■'*< % I 113 in thro* iriTiation of .nd nothin^i; nd Capacity brry 1 can't :uinf:d irom m licnce can Foot by Sh r {liould not J be aft u red, ne in ir, fhall ar as you will 3ned. Ho'.v- count, if yo^! : waited upon had given In- 'hurchill River fo 1 Ihall wri'e d nothing, but ir Ships are rc- amts they have done, that ho JoLirnal for my a Judgment of I whether tky ^iCcovery, and y. And if I )wn attenipting Id promote it, iny don't efTcc- effea it, will Pubhc. I am, ht of r.:ine to ^^'f 1 N^ V. I ( 93 ) N°. V. Sir, HAVING an Account in the Pui)llc Papers that your Ships are returned from HudJon\ Bay^ it would be a great PJtafure to me, to know if the Sloops had made any Progrefs in the Difcovery of the N. W. Paflage by Ne Ultra, according to the Inftrudions that were fent them from London, of which you were pleafed to inform me laft Summer. If they were fent our, and made any Progrefs, I fliould be much obhged to you for an Extrad of their Journals, and the Obfervations they made, that 1 might form a Judgment of their Abilities, and how far they confirm or contradidl thofe who went before them, and from thence form a Judg- ment of the Probability of the PafTage. I fhiall trouble you no more, hut wifli you Suc- cefs in ail your Undertakings, and am with great Eiteem, ^c. In Anfwer to this I had the following Letter, N». VI. Sir, London, Dec. i6, 1737. I Have received your Favour of the 20th pafl, and fhould be very glad t!ie great Care and Charge the Company have been at would have furnifliedme with an Anfwer more to your Satisfa6tion. The Sloops, according to the Company's Orders, fet out from Churchill very early in the Spring, well provided with every Thing which could be thought necellary to make all poffible Difcovery, and mann'd with the ableft Hands ws could procure ; but they could not find any Rivers or Inlets on the Weftern Coaftto the North of C/^«rf^i//, nor any the Jeaft 2 ^ Ap- % '•■I ; III !■; m % If s, . « i I ! r' ( 94) Appearance of a PafTage, altlio' they remained out till the 2 2d of Auguji. I have prevailed with the Company to make this Attempt in Compliance >vith your prciring Impor- tunity, which i aflure you has bucn attended with the utmoft Danger of oui Veilels and Mens Lives, and in which we loft one of our Governors in Hud- fen*s Bay ; and our Captains, who have been old Northwefters, have fo terrible an Opinion of go- ing to the Northward, that it was with great Dif- ficulty we prevailed upon one of them to under- take to go and fee what was become of the Sloops, and what Scccefs they had met with. In this Si- tuation I hope you will excufe me from running the Company into any farther Danger or Expence, for I am already blamed a good deal for that I have already perfuaded them to undertake in this Mat- ter. I am. Sir, with great Efteem and fincere good Wil'hes for your Health and Happinefs. Tour moji humble Servan'^ Bibye Lake. ^his I anfivercd, of which the following is a rough "Draught : N^'. VH. Sir, I Had the Favour of yours in relation to your Attempt laft Summer by two Sloops- to find out ihe N. W. Pafiagi% and am very-much obliged to you alone. Sir, for what you have done, though without Succefs, but can't- fa^ the fame for the Company; bccaufe I mud beg Leave to fay, by the Manner of -comiminicating it, to me, without- their fending me a Journal of die- Sloops Proceed^ ings, and their- Ohier-v'ationv ^or my aniirrad ver- ting, il'l! maincd out o mak^ this Tiiig Impor- tendcd with Mens Lives, nors in Hud- ve been old (inion of go- h great Dif- m to under- f the Sloops, . In this Si- rom running or Expence, )r that I have in this Mat- i and fincere ippinefs. ^Ue Servant^ Bibye Lake. nng IS a rough -;nc ition to your J)psto find out [eh obliged to ione, though I fame for the re to fay, by me, without- jops Proceed-' [y aniimdveir- ting, ( 95 ) ting upon, (which I dare fay from your Goodncfs you would have donp, liad it been agreeable to the Company that I fliould have fcen it) that they were not inclinable that a Difcovcry fhould be mad«', tho' the whole Tenor of their Charter flicws, that the gicat Powers and Royalties granted to them was in order to their making that Difcovery. Since then thv.y don't think proper to let me know how far the Sloops proceeded, and what Ob- rtaclcs they met with, or Obfervations they made, purfuant to the Inftru(5lions you gave them (for I dare fliy you gave thofe I fent you to give, or at lead others more particular) you muft give me leave to animadvert upon fo much as you think proper to acquaint me with. Were they mann*d by Sailors capable of keep- ing any Journals, or in the Icaft knowing the Art of Navigation ? Was it probable, if they behaved as they ought to do, that they fliould have been out early in the Spring, and continue out until the 2 2d of Augufi, and in that Time not be able to fail two \. '.ndred Leagues ? For it is not fo far from Churchill to Ne Ultra, the Difference of I^atitude not being more than fix Degrees j if they trifled away their Time in looking out for Inlets or a Paf- fage to Southv/ard of it, they did not know their Buflnefs, nor follow their Inftrudlions, or they were unv/illing to find out whether there was a Paf- i'age or not. Had they been as far as 65^. N-. and had met with a/iy Thing to obftrud their PaflTage, by being land-lock*d, or meeting with Ice,they would have produced their Journals, and acquainted the Company with it, which not having done, other- wife you would have acquainted me with it, ic is plain to a Demonft:ration, that they have been idle or faulty, or thought it might pleafe the Company that no PaflTage fliould be found : For to fay that they were afraid to go to 66**. Latit. '.vlien they have f;:ii: i iii ■1 : ■■iA I ■m I ;,» i, j^ Iji : lijJ Miii .1!) Miti ( 96) luvc :in open So.i, and no Ice in that Senft^n to obdrudl them, when the Whale Fiflicrs, both at SpKzlwrj^ and in Baffens B.iy, iail every Year to y'S'^. and So°. is Irarcc crjclibL'. As to your mentioning the Lol^: of one of your Governors in the Attempt, which I nippofe xra?, in the former Attempt, and not this made laR- Summer, and aUb the fendinr^ out a Captain 1:0 kno.v w!iat was come of the Sloops, which I iipprehend was alfo before, fince the Sioops came bur !>: in good Time, it is only by v/ay of Difcoumr'jement, to prevent any farther Attempt. II{jwcver, fmce your Company is un- v/iHing to make the Attempt, I iliall be far from dcfiring then to do ir. As for my own Part, I, am not only convinced that it 's practicable, but alfo that It is cafy, and no way dangerous, after paffing Iladf'jH^s Scrciglit, I only apply'd fo them as I thought it roL only their Intcreft that they IJhnuId find if, Ijut ihat it was alfo expedcd from them, by their Chaittri yet fince they arc plcaftd to negled and defpifc ir, I fliall now apply myfelf to others who I believe will undertake it chearfully, as they are convinced it will be a national Benefit : For, as I am willing that Efiglani fliould reap the Benefit of it, I fnall not pubhfh to the V/orld the full Proof 1 have of a PafTage, bccaufj I know other Nations would attempt it before us, ti^>at they might fet up a Right to the Trade thro' it, as die lirlt Difeovcrers. Thus, Sir, I have raken the Liberty of animad- verting upon fo much as your Company are pleafed tc conimup.icate i:> me by you, being fally con- vinced that yc'.i would have communicated the Journals to me if it h.id been agr j/.ible to them ; but for tliC future I Inall not dcfire to pJt them to any Trouble or farther Expence to gratify my Cu- riofuy, but liope to let them fee the PafTage m.iy Ix found out v/ithout giving them farther Trouble. 1 fliail 4, to obftrudl ,t S[itzhor\r , y8^. and tioning the I Attempt, tempt, and [he fendins me of tlio K'ibrc, fmce ic is only by any farchcr ip:\ny is un- be tar from own Part, I, .aicable, but geroLis, after y'd to them eft that they xpe6tcd from ;y arc plcaftd apply my felt it chearlully, ional Benefit : ,ukl reap the Ihe World the aiif'j I know us, ti\at they ,vro' it, as the Ity of animad- |ny are pleafed .ig fully con- hunicattd the jle to them ; pj.t them to ratify my Cu- Ic PaiHigt- may ther Trouble. I Ihall ( 97 ) I fliall always own myfclf obliged to you for tho Favour you Jiave done me, and wifli you Health and Profperity, i^c. Sir Ribye*s Letter and this Anfivcr 1 jent a Co^y of to Captain Middleton i but itfjre be received it he fent mt^ an Anfwer to my former Letter in the ful- lowing M'^ords : N«. VIII. Sir, London^ Jan. 21, 1737. IHave the Honoir of yonrs of the 20th oi No- vember, and am forry that it is not in my Power to anfwcr your Rcquelf, of giving you a more particular Accovnt from the Journals ol thofe who were fent lad Year upon the Difcovety •, the Com- pany alone can give you that Satisfattion, and no doubt will tranfmit them to you, by which you will be able to judge of the Skill and Conduct of thofe who were employed in that Affair, and may alio form fome Judgment, whether the Company are defirous of pro fecu ting it in earneft. However, it is my Opinion, that nothing will be done in it to any Purpofe, unlcfs die Govern- ment will give a fufricient Encouragement to fcme Ferfons of known Abilities to undertake it, and then I fliould not defp.iir but ihe whole might be accompliflied by palFing two whole Winters at Churchill, and proceeding on the Difcovery with Refolution during the Summer: For my own Parr, I contels I rtiould be ambicious of attaining the Fionourot fuch aDifeovL*dJon\ Bay, and I have been in all Tans o\ ir, except the IVelcomc, all which arc favourable Cii cum (lances. I fhall be glad at all Turies to cunrribute what I can to your Informa- iion, and beg you'll believe me to be, Sir, 1 'our moft obedient^ Humble Servant.^ Chrill. Middletoii. U^lcn I fer.t him the Copy of Sir Bibye LakcV m Letter, and r^y Anf::.(i\ / g(jt ihe fodowing Jvp''' from him, N'. h\': V; iM\ ( 99 ) tcntion of ac- ,ch Ucalon to ifcard tnf, l"o ,wn to them, lvulgi't\ to my ompany think n forward new orld -, and for ^ of our JoLir- itimation I am Ic more with x than ever the ty with a foinh- c is little or no kvan's Nefl, nor ill JJlcs in that wt', which can- )ccan. Alio m .2, he mentions cbb'd Bve I^^ ch Way or from ^ all agree that cen in the ll^^l- :o have feen any d I have been in nc, all which arc I be glad ^^t ai! to your laforir.a- ) be, Sir, (I obedient^ 'iiimhk Servant, :hiilh Middletun. Sir Bibye Lake" i N^ IX. IR, ,^;a:7;/ /. ^E I ' 7.?7- y Am honoured with yi)\w Letter of the :.2d In- X Itant, wherein you are lb gtjod as to coinmuni- cite to me S>\': Hihyc Lake^^f, Letier and your Ar.fvvcr, for which Favour I am very much obliged to you. The Remarks you ni.ike on the Procec(iin^;s and Conduft of the IVrfons lL;nt lad Year to make the Difcovery are exceedingly jull and proper ; and jhid they been really in earned, as well as duly qualilicd to unJercake ir, tluy iiad certainly a line Opportunity of turniniino; better Oblervat'or.s and prolccuting their V^oyiiiie iarther and to more .Vd- vantagc than any that 'Aei\c belore iliem. What the Company intend to do hereafter I am entirely a Stranger to, as tiiey keep every Thing a Secret j and trom I'ome Qjefiions I have been lately afl '737-8. ;r of the 20th ifrht that the 10 have any Frade in thole th what they able Profit by rcnded, which Dlfcovcry was id a navigable night probably pLirs might be aht in Hudfon's ^ntage to their Pafi^ige, as you ihe Flood com- itration •, what n can't be forc- into the Soiuh Meld, and very merce •, but the 1 never lb well, Account in it. others from cx- ing any Thing blic i but a Spi- n afleep for nia- prevfinted, in Thoughts Irom conicls I have ^s ( «oi ) myfclf had Thoughts of that kind, and cfpcciaily fince I read your Manufcript of a Probabihty of a N. W. Paflagc to tiie South Sea, but I have lound but very few that were willing to bellow any Thoughts about ir. I remember Lord Granard and I have talk*d about it Ibmetimes, but it was but Talk, other Things ami Bufinefs nearer Home has employed our Time and Thoughts to:). 1 think the beft Way to undertake fuch a Dilcovcry, is to have, as you propol'e, two proper VefTe Is to go at a proper Time of the Year, and to winter there, it it was found neceflary, and to carry with them a Cargo, not a great one, of Goods proper to trade with any Indians they may meet with ; and capable and honeft People to be employed in the Expe- dition, if fuch are to be found in the World, which I dcubt ; and ten or a dozen Perfons, or more if thought proper, engaged in it, who would advance Money fufficient to carry it on, who may in Time, if it fhould fucceed, be better intiiled to the Name of the N. W. or South Sea Company, than the prefent South Sea Company has to that Name, who are not permitted to trade in any one Place within the Limits of their Charter, which made fuch an Kclat at the firft ellablifliing it. If this fliould be once agreed on, and proper Perlons be found to join in ir, it may then be confidered what Autho- rity may be proper to obtain from the Crown, that the firlt that go and fucceed, may not only beat the Bufh, and others come afterwards to catch the Hare. For tho* I do not much like exclufivc Companies, where it is not abfolutely necelTary, yet I would not have the Advantages that may be found by fome, be given away to others. As to Vellels being fent at the Public Expciice, tho* it would not be great, yet the Parliament may think, cfpecially at this Time, that we ought not to play With the Money they give us, for other and par- ticular )' ■'. m .\ u i. i ( 102 ) ticular Services. However, if Sir Robert IValpole^ or other proper Perfons, Ihould think that the Go- vernment fhould attempt it at the Public Experice, I fhall not be againft it. I am, Sir, Your mojl humlle Strvant^ Charles Wager. I acquainted Capialn Middleton with my writing to thefe Gentlemen^ and fent him a Copy of the above Anfwer from Sir Charles Wager, to which I bad the following Anfwer : i'i; N^. XI. Sir, London, JprilS, '73^- I Am honoured with yours of the 20th f///. and obferve, that altho' the uneafy Situation of Af- fairs may have rendered your Application in Be- half of the Difcovery fruitlefs at this Time, yet you intend to pufh the Attempt next Seafon, M'^hen you come to England-, and then I hope you will find the Circumllances of the Times more favour- able, I return you many Thanks for the kind Af- furances of your Friendfhip and Intereft in recom- mending me as a proper Perlbn to be employed in fo gr'?at an Undertaking, and fliall, according to your Requeft, make all fuch farther Enquiries and Obfervations this Voyage as may lie in my Power. I am particulai ly obliged to you for the Favour of your communicating to me a Copy of Sir Charles JVager^s Letter j and if I can make any Judgment from the Tenor of it, he fecms not to have any hearty Inclination for the Enterprize : For tho* he acknowledges the Probability of a Pafifage, yet he v/rites with fo much Indifference about it; and, in my Opinion, his whole Anfwer is very fuper- ficial, and his Objeclions not very weighty. That 1 of I J is whi of Cal thre of 1 to riHl §■' >ert Walpole^ that the Go- lie Experice, vant^ arles Wager. h mivriting of the above which J had tprin. 173^- 20th (7/^ and nation of At- ication in Be- ns Time, yet Seafon, when lope you will more favour- : the kind Af- :reft in recom- le employed in , according to Enquiries and in my Power, or the Favour y of Sir Charles any Judgment It to have any ; : For tho' he 'affage, yet he ibout if, and, is very fuper- weighty. lh:it 01 4 ( ,03 ) of the ufual ill Fate of the firfl: Projedlors is a com- mon Topic, and not their Fault, but their Mis- fortune in r»ot finding due Encouragement. I hope he entertains too ill an Opinion of the World, bad as it is, when he doubts whether any capable and honeft People are to be found for undertaking the Expedition. 1 believe indeed he is very much in the right as to the Hudforis Bay Company's being content with what they have, and their not caring to extend their Trade any farther. I know not whether, from an intimate Acquaintance with fomc of the Diredors, Sir Charles IVager may not be a little attached to their Interelt ; tor tho* he lays, if Sir Robert Walpole thinks that the Government fhould attempt it at the public Expcnce, he Ihall not be againft it ; yet this feems to be faid in a very flight Manner, and not with that Heartinefs I could wilh. What you propofe, that the Government fhould allow a fufficient Premium for the Dilcovery, in cafe of Succefs, and that they ihould think fit to allow a free Trade through it, muft be thought Very reafonable -, efpecially as Companies with ex- clufive Privileges are fo generally diflik'd. Whe- ther it would be needful to apply to Parliament for a Relumption of io much of the Grant to the Hud- fo}is Bay Compjiny as intitles them to the Benefit of the Trade, 1 am under fome Doubt, becaufe I know not whether they dciivc that Privilege by A(^ of Parliament, or only by a Grant from tho Crown i if it be from the latter, I apprehi^nd then: is an Ad made in the Reign of Kinij; James I. which has abridg'd the Prerogative in their Power of granting cxclufive Privileges j and if that be the Cafe, 1 believe it would not be difficult to find three or four Pcrfons who would be at the Charge of fitting out two Sloops to winter there, in order to ptolecute riie Difcuvtry, provided tluy might have \ "i 11 ■ JBIJ mm ^11 1 ( JC4 ) have the Liberty of trading in the Bay, without being called to an Account for it. It is not poflible to pafs the Winter to Northward of Churchill, nei- ther is there any Hopes of a gainful Trade at pre- fenc with the Northern Indians •, fo that I fhould be glad to know whether the Company have an Act of Parliament to confirm their Charter or not -, and if you hear from H. JValpole or Col. Bladen in Favour of the Attempt, I (hall be much obliged to you, if you pleafe to acquaint me of it. I reckon we fhall fail about the 20th of next Month. And am, with the greateft Regard, Sir, Tour obliged humble Servant^ Chrift. Middleton. ^his I anfwered the i ph, to "jjbich I had the fol- lozving Reply : I I 'ir ! I N°. XIT. Sir, London, May \c^, '73^^. I Have the Favour of yours dated from Lijburn, April I J, and am convinced that the Situation of our public Affairs is fuch at prefent, that no Propofal could be propv^rly made to the Miniftry about the Dilcovery at this Time : However, I make no queftion but you may be able to influence Sir Charles fVager and others to give Encourage- ment for it, when the Circumftances of the Times alter for the better. Mean while I fliall continue making all fuch Obferviitions as may tend to promote the LJndertaking i and before I received your hft Letter, I had propofcd fomcthing of that kind to the Company, but they took no notice of it, which fhews they have no Defign of profecuting that Dc- fign at all, even where it would be no Dctrimc!;!: S rogM that, I am '1; I ;'"nii ay, without i not polTible burchitl, nei- "rade at pre- that I Hiould ,any have an .arter or not •, :ol. Bladen in ch obliged to jt, I reckon Month. And rvant, ft. Middleton. / had the fol- May 15, 173^- ' from Lijburn, It the Situation ■efent, that no the Miniftry However, I ble to influence ive Encourage- es of the Times fliall continue ,end to promote eived your Uft of that kind to ticc of it, which cuting that Dc- no Uctrinic'.'.t or ( »°5) or Delay to our Voyage. In four or five Days we iliall fail from hence, and if it pleafe God to grant me a fafe Return, you ihail hear from me on our Arrival, and from what you wrote before I h(jpe for the Honour of feeing you next Sprinjr. In the Interim I wilh you all iiealrh and Prolpc. ity, and am, with tiie greateft Regard, Si»-, Tour obliged humble Servant^ Chrift. Middleton. P. S. I am now ordered by the Company to go to the Soutli Parts of the Bay, which, in fome Re- fpedl, may difappoint me of making the Obl'er- vations I propofed to them. Upon his Return I had the follozving Letter from him : N". XIII. vSiR, London^ O£foher ig, '73^- I Have the Pleafure to acquaint you of our fate Arrival from Hudfon's Baj^ and wifli it had been in my Power to communicate to you any Thing that might give new Liglit towards a firther Difcovery ; but as I was ordered to the Southern Part of the Bay, I had no Opportunity of making any Obfervations myfelf ; and tho' the Company fent a Sloop to the Northward this Summer from Char- chilly yet (he returned, in about ten Days, without making any one ufeful Difcovery. When you find it proper to profecue your Defign, I fhall be glad rogive any AfiKlanci- in my Power, and alTure you rhat, on all Occafioi^s, I Ihall be ready to fliew that I am, with the grti-.ieft Refp^-d, Sir, 2'our mcjl obedient humble Servant^ Chrift. Middleton, ms '. IS MFi -':'&, \l' '\-t\ III 'J m il ''I ( io6 ) 77.v'j I atif-jvcreJ^ fioezving him that there was no Profpecl of attempting it this Seafon by the Publick. 1q which I received the following Anfwer : N". XIV. Sir, London, Dec. i8, 1738. I Am honoured with your Letter of the i8th Ult. and am cncirdy of the fame Opinion with you, that the prefent Pofture of Affairs is not {"o jtttlcd as to give Hopes that the Government would embark in the Difcovcry next Seafon •, but v.'hen- cver a proper Opportunity may offer itfelf, I ap- prehe'-d the moll likely and feafible of thc^ fevera! Methods you are picalcd to mention will be to en- o;as;e the Government to o;ive Infirucflions to the Admiralty to purfue the Difcovery in fuch a Man- ner as fliail be judo'd convenient, for I fear it would be very difficult to obtain any Encouragement in a parlianiv-ntary Way, fo many Oppofitions gene- rally arifmg upon Debates for executing any Schemes that have the Appearance of Projeds ; not but a parliamentary Sanation would certainly be the heft, if it could he procured •, and that you will be able to form a much better Judgment than I can, when you are over next Summer, and have the Oppor- tunity of dilcourfing upon it with fuch Gendeaien as may have a gre.it InHuence and Inclination to promote it. As to the South Sc'a Company, they have hitherto had fo Ji.tle Succefs in every Branch of Trade they have been entitled to carry on, that the Proprietors would hardly be willing to expend any Moikv of the Comuanv's in ftrikino; out anew one, IJovvLver, when you are in London, and have Leifurc to pufli it, I am lure your Prudence and Experience will fuggcft to you much better Mi-'- tlujds and Expedients for removing any Difficulties that may attciiJ tiic Execution than I can pretend 19 llurr) Ion, I fo ordl undert Meanj fon CO Concer our M he. In ten taking, jwhenev mean perity, here i^(^s ^° ^ the Public^- r ; ec. 18, 173S. of the 18th ; Opinion with fliirs is not ^0 srnment would ,n •, but v.'hen- ;r itlelf, I '^p- e of thct feveral will be to cn- rudlions to the in (uch a Man- r I fear it would icouragement in npofitions genc- ing any Schemes \et\s i not but a mly be the beft, L^ou will be able ; lan I can, when " have the Oppor- fuch Genika^en id Inclination to Company, they in every Branch to carry on, that viUing to expeno h-iking out a new London, and have ,ur Prudence and much better U^' ■:, p- any Difficulties ; ::,n I can pretend u I ■J ( 107 ) toofTeri and therefore I cm only afTure you that ^fo far as lies in my Power) I fliall '^'.^ willing and ready to promote it to the utnioll, being, with molt fincere Regard, Sir, Tour mojl obedient humhk Servant, Chrill. MiddJeion. Thus Things Jlood till J zvent over in April, 17;:? 9, ivhen we met ; hut finding it 7wt a proper Time in pu(J.) it, he tvas only to contimie to make proprr Ob- J'ervations, and get what Accounts he could in the Bay ; and upon his going out he wrote we the fol- hiving Letter : N°. XV. Sir, Tarmouth, May 1:^, ^739' AS I am now upon my Departure from Eng' land, and had not an Opportunity, thro* the Hurry of my Bufinefs, to wait upon you in Per- fon, I thought proper to aflfurc you, that I have fo ordered my Affairs as to be ready next Year to undertake the Dilcovery, in cafe you fliould iind Means to have it put in Execution, when the Sea- foa comes on, tho' I am doubtful our national Concerns are not fo thoroughly fettled as to give our Minirtry Leifurc to think of it : However that: he, you may depend upon the Sincerity of my Intentions, and Readinels to promote the Under- taking, (if it pleafe God to blcfs mc with Health) j whenever Matters fhall be ripe for it. In the jmean Time I heartily wifli you Health and Prol- jpcrity, and am, Sir, 2^our faithful hu?nble Servant, Chrilf. Middieton. P 2 Upon '■"■ -fV. iii /•■■.:.| hi ( 'oS ) Vpon his Reiurn I had the following Letter from im 'I 1 ll IS ' r' *li M' ■i I ll; ;' I; I ;li N^ XVI. Honoured Sir, London, Ocioh. 18, 17-? 9. I Think it my Duty to embrace the firft Oppor- tunity of acquainting you with our fate Arri'^al, and of returning you my Thanks for the Refpeft you were pJeafcd to fhew me before my Departure. I (hould have been extremely glad to have feen you at London at this Jundure, where I find our Pre- parations for War more vigorous than ever, and confequently all Thoughts of Application about tlie former Defign fruitlcfs, till a more convenient Sea- fon : But as fo great a Number of Men of War have been already fitted out, as to take almofl all our old Officers into CommifTion, and feveral Twenty-Gua Ships are now building, I fliould not doubt but \ mis;ht obtain the Command of one of them, thro* your Interefl in my B.half, if you f fliould think me dcferving of fo great a Favour, j and you are not under any Pie-cngagemcnts. I am very well acquainted with the Navigation on the Coafls of both New and Old Spain, having been many Years in thole Parts before I engaged with the Hudfon*5 Bay Company, and was in leveral Let- ter of Marque Ships in Queen Anne^s War at my firfl: letting out as a Sailor. I am perfonally known to Sir Jacob Ackworth, Sir John Norris, and all the elder Brothers of the I'rinity-Honfes and I believe none of them would objeft to my Qualiiication, provided I fhould have any Friend of Weight that would think it proper to folicit .n my Behalf j and tho' I have the Ho- nour but of a very late Acquaintance with yourfelf, yet I hope you'll excufe the Freedom of this Ad- drefs in an Affair whicii I judge to happen oppor- tune'v Letter from oh. 18, 1739' e firft Oppor- r fate Arri^'al, or the Refpe6t my Departure. ► have feen you [ find our Prc- han ever, and aiion about the convenient Sea- f Men ot War take almoft all )n, and feveral ng, 1 fliould not imand of one ot" B^'half, if you great a Favour, [agenients. I am ^ Lvigation on the :?;>/, having been j I engaged with f 'as in leveralLct- | tne's, War at my ' Jacob Achwoytk Brothers of the of them would led 1 rtionld have i think it propei I have the Ho- nce with yourfelt, dom of this Ad- to happen oppor- tunely ( 109 ) umely to my Advantage •, and if I Hioiild have th.c good Fortune to fucceed, might taciliLatc my be- ing employed hereafter when it may be thought pro- per to undertake the Difcovery. It you flionld think fit 10 do mj the Honour of your Recom- mendation to any of the Lords of the Admiralty, or others, on this Occafion, my future Behaviour (I hope) will fhew me not altogether unworthy of lo high a Truft, nor ungrateful to my Benefaiftor. I wuS this Voyage at Churchill Factory, where Mr. Norton is Governor. He was along with Scroggs in 1722, and remembers very well that when thty came to an Anchor in the IVekome^ near the La- titude 6^°. they had twelve Fatlioms at High-water, and but fevcn at Low-water ; and he leems conli- dent, from a View that he took from a Promon- tary afhore, that there muft be a clear Paflage-, tlie Land is very high, and falls off to the Southward of the Weft. This Year fome of the Natives, who came down to trade at Churchill, and had never bet 1 before a- any of our Englifh Settlements, in- foriii'. ! !ii,n tliey fr<.quently traded with Europeans on -hi: V^ cil Side ot" America, near the Latitude oi: C/.'urcb;i/ by tit'ir Account, which feems to con» firm that the two Seas muft unite. I remain 2'our moft obedient humble Servant, Chrift. Middleton. / anfwered this the .^oth, and inclofed to him Let- ters of Recommendation to Sir Robert Walpole, Lord Conway, and Sir Charles Wager, of which I need only give a Copy of . what I wrote to Sir Charles Wager, viz. N' V^'^m ! ; ;* Ml 1 1 m ■ m I ill! ( iio ) N^ XVII. Sir, I Find, by Captain MiMeton, who is returned fafe from Cbuvchill in Hudfoits Bay, that the Accounts he has had there this Year confirm there being a fate PalTage at the IVelcome. Here I recited the hfl paragraph of the above Letter. Since thefe Fa6ls confirm the former Accounts, and demonlhate a PafTage, I am humbly of Opi- nion, that if we have a War with Spain^ it would be highly advantageous to attempt it next Sum- mer. If we difcover it, and the War fhouid con- tinue the following Year, we might intercept their Acapulco Ships, and make manyPri^es iromCatifoiyiia to Panama, before they would fufpedl our being upon their Coarts •, and when they fliould know that we had found the PaflTage, our being capable of attacking them in the Sourh Sea in fo eafy a Manner, would foon humble them, and make them value our Friendfliip. I therefore beg leave to recommend Captain Middleton to you, as a Perfon capable, from his Knowledge of Sea-Affairs, particularly in Hudfon*s Bay, of being of great Service to Great-Britain; and even if it fnould not be judged proper to attempt it this Seafon, hope you will think him worthy of a Command under his Majefty, that he may be ready to attempt it whenever it may be thought proper. I am told fevcral Twenty-Gun Ships are now fitting, and I believe all the old Captains who"^ can ferve are employed ; as he is an experienced Captain, and fcrved in Ships of Force in Queen Jnm*^ War, I hope you will think it doing the Nation 3, I Sir greai findi Robei of tI Lettd defiri woulj Acc( condl ■•*> is returned ;, that the nfirm there r the above ;r Accounts, bly of Opi- ■fj, it would next Sum- ■ (hould con- itercept their ^ our being [hould know Dcing capable in lb eafy a d make them ( HI ) Nation Service to employ him, and have him ready in the King's Service for this Dilcovery ; and two Sloops may be prepared, fitting for the Navigation to liudfon*s Streights^ under his Diredion, rime enough before next Seafon. 1 lis Character you may have from Sir John Narris, and Sir Jacob Ack- worlhy who perfonally know him. I hope, Sir, you will pardon the Earneflnefs of my Sollicitation in his Favour •, but as you know I have the Difcovcry much at Heart, you will the more eafily forgive me. I havf wrote to Sir Ro- beri fValpole upon the Hime Subjed, and if other more important Affairs don't take up his Thoughts, he may probably fpeak to you upon this Subjedt. I wifh you Happinefs and Succefs in all your Undertakings, and am, with the mod fincere Re- fpedt, Sir, ^c. To thefe I had the following Anfwer from Captain Middleton : N6 ) fmrc the 9tli Inflant, and fteered out S. E. by Com- pals for two Miles, and then S. W. by ditto about tour or five Miles more. Here he founded in 45 Fathom, and continued failing to the South-wert Quarter. ' 7"^y ^3^-^h obferved the Latitude at Noon to be 64*^. 39', and had 40 or 50 Fathom Water. The next Day J4th, rerurning Home, he found the La- titude by Obfervation to be 64^. 20'. and the Sound- ings 60 to 70 Fathoms. Thefe Sounding he called the Mid-channel. In Lat. 64°. 13'. by Obfervation nt Noon, on the South or rather Eaft Side of the IVelcome^ the Flood came on ^o ftrong, and hove them fo near the faid South or EaQ: Shore, that he was obliged to come to an Ancb.or in ten Fathom, Lie does not fay from whence the Flood came, nor dees he ever give his Opinion of it during his whole Voyage in his Journal •, but being fet on the Fait Side, it mull: come from the Northward, ac- cording; to the Courfe of the PFelcome. July the i^rh, he croifcd the JVdcome in feventy fathoms, and obferved the Latitude to be 64°, 15'. He makes the JVelcome to be 15 or 20 Lei^gues broad in this Lit, from Side to Side, by computing the Dillance from his Log-book. He faw many Whales in Lit. 64". 8'. Governor Keljcy, in his Journal 1720, takes No- tice, that in Lat. 63^. on the Weft Side of the IVeliome^ the I'ide comes ftrong trom the N, E. which is n..%ar the Couife of the Welcome, He calls it a ibking Tide, and lays it Rows neap and Spring 'I'ides from \i to 17 Feet. Laft Winter the Utr-fons Bdy Company fent me the Jt)urnals of Scrcg^^s and his Mate to examine, in order to have iny Opinion of the Paflage. I gave them an Account much the fime as the foregoing, and incurred the Difpleafure ot tome of thoie Gen- tlemen, S. E. byCom- by ditto about founded in 45 the South-wert at Noon to be n Water. The e found the La- .and thcSoiind- nding he called by Obfervation Eaft Side of the rong, and hove 1 Shore, that he ■ in ten Fathom. Flood came, nor »f it during his being fet on the Northward, ac- me. ^elcome in feventy le to be 64°. 15'. or 20 Le:.g"es le, by computing He faw many 1720, takes No- /cfk Side of the trom the N, E. 'ekome. He calls neap and Spring .ompany fent mc; /late to examine, \c Paflage. I gave as the toregoing, ne of thoie Gen- dcmcn, ( "7 ) tiemen, for declaring my Opinion fo freely for a PalTage. 'Tis what they are not defirous of difco- vering, left any (hould interfere with their Trade. I offered to undertake it for them, but they cared not to come into the Prcpofal. I was at Churchill when Scrcggs went out, and wintered there at the Umie Time with him, being then Mate to one of the Company's Ships. It was propoled that I fliould go with Scroggs on the Difcovcry to draw the Land and make Obfervations i but when the Time for undertaking the Voyage came on, Scroggs would not fuffer me to go with him, for what Reafon I know not. The Governor at Churchill was a good- natured eafy Man, and would not ufe his Authority to oblige him to carry me againft his Will. When they returned, which was in a Months Time or thereabouts, I examined the Officers and Men, fe- veral of them having been my Scholars in the Winter to learn Navigation. They told me they faw nothing, at thofe Times they were on Shore, to hinder their going farther ; for when they were eight or ten Miles from the Point he nam'd If^hale Point, which bore E. N. E, from them, they iaw an open Sea, and the Land trenchM away to the Southward of the Weft. This they faid to Scyoggs\ Face, as foon as they were got on board our Siiip at Churchill, tho* while they were under liis Com- mand they diflcmbled it, and faid what he pleaied to have them. From this, and all other Accounts, it appears there muft be a Pallage for the Tides from the great Ocean. This zvns fhe Copy he inclofed to me, mentio?ied in his Letter. In that Paper he gave the Company^ which he fays was much to the fame Purpofe, he ivas olliged to conceal great Part of his Otinicn, for fear of dif- cbligiug them •, but one Point he ojjirms in it, which ij \-cry material, that isj the 'i:me of High-water in ?ilc .P|l;' % ,1:1' m ( "8) in WhaL* Cove. He fays in it : Captain Kelfcy, and likewife the Sloops that went lajl Tear^ found the 'Tides near the fame Latitude (he was talking of the Tides at Gary's Swan's Nell) about thirty or forty League to the PFeJiward in Whale Cove, to flo'uj but Ten Feet in common Tides, and a W. S. W. Moon tnakes a full Sea. His next, dated London, January 22, 1739. N^. XXI. Sir, AS the Seafon is fo far advanced, I thoughc proper to write a fev/ Lines to Sir Charles IVager, and delivered them into his own Hand, not having an Opportunity of difcourfing him in private upon the Subjedl of the Difcovery. I fend you a Copy of my Letter inclofed. He read it while I was prelcnt, and told me that for his own Fart, he was entirely for undertaking it this Spring; hut he was afraid he fliould not be able to put it in Lxcrution, and that the Thoughts of it mufl: be di^fcrrM tiil next Year. As a fecond Letter from vo'irfclf to Sir Charles or Sir Robert IVaipole may W a Means to encourage their executing it this Sea- Jon, I Ihall leave it to your Judgment to make fuch farther Application about it as you think conve- ni'^nt i bccaule it will be neceflliry for me to en- o,agc again with the Company in a very fhort Time, unlcfs Sir Charles fliould be pleafed to give fome Encouragement to the other Part of my Propofil, when he has confidered it. I am, with the grear- c.ll. Reipect, Sir, Tour mofl obedient. And mojl humble Servant, Chrill. Middleton. Ths Copy of his Letter to Sir Charles Wager : to the whi wh Anc of a J« [Celfey, fifui nd the tides f the Tides )rty Leagues rjo hut "Ten Moon makes 1739- , I tlioiight Sir Charles own Hand, fing him in ■ery. I lend He read it : for his own t this Spring; t to put it in f it muft: be Letter from IVaipole may g it this Sca- to make fuch think conve- )r me to en- (hort Time, :o give fome my Propofil, th the gre.u- ervarit, t. Middleton. Wager : ( 119) N^'. XXII. Honoured Sir, Janua}\ /» »/i Q. AS the Uudfon'*s> Bay Company have iuft given us Orders to get our Ships ready tor (ailing X Month fooner than ufu.il, I beg Leave to acquaint you therewith, and with great Submiffion to offer a few Thoughts relating to the Exp.^dition Mr. Dobbs pro])oled, that in cafe you fliould judge it not expedient to undertake it this Year in fuch a manner as to go through the Difcovery, by winter- ing there-, yet fome Preparation may be made to- vvards it, and at the fame 71me an Advantage be gain'd of the Spaniards, when they lead expecf ir. The Bifcaycrs every Year lend ten or twelve Ships to fifh for Whaks behind Refolution, and thefe might be taken as Prizes with great Eafe, together with the Fifli they catch, by a Twenty-guii Ship, carrying a few Men more than ordinary to befpared for manning fuch VelTels as we might have the good Fortune to take in thofj Farts, together with a Ten- der about ninety Tuns. I propofe a Ship of twenty or thirty Guns, as the fittelt in all Refpeifls, bccaulc they draw but httle Water, and befides have a Number of Oars, which will be extremely ufeful in getting thro* the Ice, and coming up with the Spaniards. We fliould alfo have Time enough to lai! up the IFclcome witli the Ship and Tender, in order to make more certain Obfervations of tiie Courfe and Strength of the Tides, the Bearings of the Coall, &c. than have been yet tranfmi ted us, which would mightily faciiitate the Difcovery, whenever it Ihould hereafter be put in Execution. Another great \j(c of the Tender would be in cafe of any bad Accident in the Ice, which is fometimes unavoidable, notwiihfhnding the greateft Care. . i In 4 N^ I ( I20 ) In cafe you fliould be pleafed to approve this Propofinon, and entrufl: me with the Command oi Juch a Veffel this Spring for the Purpofe above- mentioned, I do adiire you tliat I will difcharge my Duty with fuch Care, Fidelity, and Refolution, as I hope will be for the Service and Satisfaction of the Public, as well as to give you no Caufe to re- pent aflifting me with your Recommendation and Encouragement. If this fhould find your Approbation, I wilJ fet down fuch farther Memorandums as may be pro- per relating to this Undertaking, and the Prepa- ration neceflary for it. I hope. Sir, you will excufe the Freedom of this Addrefs ; and in cafe what I have offered be impro- per at this Junflurc, you'll be pleafed to let me know it, becaufe the Time is at hand that I mull engage again with the Company, or relinquifli their Service. I am, with the greatcft Regard, honour- ed Sir, Tour mojl obliged. And moji obedient humble Servant, Chrift. Middleton, Afy Letter to Sir C. Wager, Jan. 23, 1739-40. Sir, N\ XXIII. IT is with great Pleafure I hear from Captain M^ddleton, that he has been to wait upon you, and has laid all the larell Accounts and Journals relating to the N. W. Paffage before you, which, I am per- fuadcd you will agree with me, almoft amount to .1 Dcmonllration of tlierc being an eafy Paffage irtc from Ice, fince the IVclcomc is the mod nor- therly Part of the Paflagc. Since ( >2' ) Since this Dilcovcry mu.'l: be wf great Ad- vantage either in Peace or War, I'm perlljaded you'Jl give your AfTiftance in having it made this Scafon, for by delaying ir, I'm afraid left Frame flioiild get the Scent, and anticipate our Difcovery. I have wrote by this Poll to Sir R. IValpoJe upon ir, and beh'eve he will mention it to you, having re- ferred to you in my Letter. Lord Cornvny has my Manufcripc, which you may fend to him for, if it be neceflary. I depend upon your Fricndihip in pufliing on this Attempt, which I have much at jlcart. Since you agree with me it will be of great Advantage to the Public, and if any Thing can be done this next Summer, this is the proper Lime to prepare for it. I wifli you Happinels in all you are concerned in public and private, and am, with the grcatefl: Refpcc% i^c. •''' ^he Cnpahi's next Letter : N^ XXIV. Sir, I 'iicfon, Fchr. 14, 17.^9. SINCE my laft I am fivoured with yours of thic 23d oi January^ r.nd am highly obliged to yoa for writing a fecond Time to Sir R. IValpole and Sk Charles fVager. I have waited upon both ihefe Gendemen and Lord Conivay fevcral Times ; and when I had not an Opportunity of feeing them I was willing to put them in Mind by Letters, the Copies whereof are underwritten. Yefterday I had the Honour to fpeak to Sir Robert U^alpolc for the firll Time at his Levee j and he anfwered me with fome Earneftnefs, repeating it twice or thrive, that the Affaii v/as not his Bufinefs, and that I mull aj)- ply myfelf to Sir Charles IVager. I waited of Sir Charles immediately after, to whom I have generally a Free Accefs, and told him what Sir Robert fairi. R He ( 122 ) He fliook his llciu', and faid «'^.c Time for it was coming on apace, ami that h^. ./ould get it done it" he pollibly could; tor my own Part, I fhall conti- nue to ibllicit Sir Charles ll^ager about it a little while longer, and then muft give it up for this Sealbn, it' nothing be done to put it in Execution very foon. I fear Sir R. JValpole has now fo much Bulinels on his Hand, that he can't fpare Time to think about it •, and therefore fhifted it off to Sir C. IVager^ who yet I believe will do nothing in it without his Content and Advice. I remain, with the greatelt Refpeft, Sir, I'our mojl ojuged^^ Aid mojl humble Servant, Chrifto. Middleton. Sir, him This I anfwered, and had the following Letter fr on :h N\ XXV. Sir, London, M/irch 2<^, 1740, I Was duly favoured with your obliging Letter, together with a Copy of Sir C. JVagcrh, for which I return you many Thanks. I have had the Honour to difcourfe with Sir Charles feveral Tiiws and he has got the Copy of your Papers at Length, but he tells me *tis impofllble to proceed in the Un- dertaking this Sealbn. I am now in a very great Hurry in preparing our Veficl for a Voyage lo/zW fan's Bay, the Company having ordered me thii Year to go to y^lbany and Moofe River. At my Re-j turn (pleafe God) I hope to have the Honour toj fee you in London, being fully of Opinion that youfj Pretence here would much facilitate the Atfair, andl your Interell procure the Undertaking to be kto^f Koot next Year. In the mean Time I widi yo\^H ne for it was get it tionc if , 1 (hall conti- joiit it a little it up for this it in Execution IS now fo much t fpare Time to ted it off to Sir lo nothing in it I remain, with t Servdnt, irifto. MickUeton, Vdiing Letter fm M/irch 29, 174c. T obliging Letter, ir C. migcr\ to: ;. I have had tli: Hes feveral Tiiws • Papers at Length, proceed in the I'n- ,w in a very great )r a Voyage lo/iV g ordered me this River. AtmyR^- ive the Honour" :f Opinion that you: tate the Affair, and , taking to befetoo Timelwiai yotiH ( 123 ) Health and Happinefs, and am, wiih the greateft Regard and Eftcem, Sir, Tour mojl ohliged. And obcdkfit h'whlc Scrvmit, ChriH:. Middlcton. His next Letter was dated London, May i, 1 740. N°. XXVI. Sir, AS we fhall depart in a few Drys fiom hence on our Voyage to Ihdfon's Bny, I thought it pro- per to afTure you, that 1 continue my Intentions of promoting the Difcovery, and making fuch Obllr- vations as may be ufeful towards ir, to the utmod of my Power. At my Return (which I fear will not be till November^ as we muft go and come by the Orkneys^ and mull there wait for Orders) I hope U) have the Happinefs to fee you in London, and in the mean Time, wifli you Health and Profperity, b(ing with the utmoft Sincerity and Refpedl:,- Sir, Tour mojl obliged. And mojl humble Se7'vanf, Chrifto. Middleton. P. S. Since I wrote the few Lines above, I had ; iiie Honour to fee Sir Charles IVager, .♦.id he tells me jhe perufed your Manufcript carefully, and fpoke in jKehalf of the Expedition to the King; and his efty feemed to approve it very well, and faid Ithe Expence was fuch a Trifle, that it fhould not The obftrucled on that Account ; fo that Sir Charles J^ of Opinion that it will be put in Execution nexc ^ear without much Difficulty, efpecially if you louid be in London to make fuitable and timely Ap- plication in that Bufmefs. R 2 Upon % '■ I ii:y.i ( '24 ) upon JAs ReUirn he fent me the follo'u:lng Letter .' N:\ XXVII. Six^, London^ Novcm. 7, 1740. I Take the firll: Opportunity of acquainting you with my Arrival here-, after a long and dange- rous Voyage. Saturday ?\ight Jail we had a moll: terrible Storm in Tarmontb Rondy where I had the Misfortune to lofe my Malls, and a great many Colliers and other Ships were entirely loft. As I was ordered to the Southennort Settlements, and detained a great many Weeks in the Ice in my out- ward-bound Pafiage, I have no particular Obferva- tions to communicafe. 1 am in Hopes to have the Honour to fee you in Loidon this Winter-, and then, if it fliould ap[)car to be a proper Seafoii for undertaking the Expedition, I lliall be ready to concur in any Meafures that may be needful ; and in the mean Time beg kavc to allure you, thtirlam moil finccrely. Sir, 2''our moji chliged. And iuojl obedient kjnlle Servant, Chrifto. Middleton, This I anfi^ered, and had the foUo'u.nng Reply : Sir, N°. XXVIII. I Am favoured with yours of the 29th of Ks- vember, and am obliged to you for the Concern you exprels on Account of the Danger of the Voyage. I am likewiie to acknowledge the Re- ceipt of yours, which came in May, after my De- parture. We had a fivourablc Paffige through the Straits of about four or five Days, 'and there never could have 1 (1 = 5) have hern a finer Scalbn for attempting tlio Dif- covcry, bccauie we met there wirh very little Ice, and all up to the Northward in the Bay was quite open and tree in the Beginning of July; but k happened otherwill- to the SouthwarJ, for iheSiiovv that had hVilen and was congealed, with northerly Winds fetting it to the Southward, incrcafed it there, and retarded our Paflage down the Bay. As you are loon to be in Lc7hion^ and that I hope for' the Pleafure to fee you, I fliall now only add that I am with the greatell Sincerity and Relpecfr, Sir, Lon^o,., Oao. '^OUY moft obedient, ' leri'^, 1740. And very humble Servant, Chrillo. ^^iddleton. P. S. This Afternoon I waited of SirC. Wdgcr, and acquainted him with your Purpof; of being in London next Month, to follicic the AfEiir. He faid ypu would come in a very proper Time, and made no Doubt it might be accomplilhed. ^his finijhes our Correfpondence until he went the Voyage, I foon after going to London, and no mate- rial Letters pajfing betiveen us when I was there, only the following one, which fhews the good Opinion he had of Mr. Thompfon the Surgeon'' s Capacity \ tho* now he would ftigmatize him, upon Account of his difcovering his Frauds and Mijcondml upon the Voyage, ill Sir, N''. XXIX. THE Bearer Edward Thompfon has ferved his Time feven Years to a Surgeon, and four or five Years a Journeyman in London, has been a Mate two Years in the Navy, and was the lafb three Years Surgeon ac Moofe River iii the Com- 2 pany's ra « I >i tifl li vl- ;» ' I !, IP ( iz6 ) ^uny's Soivicc. He palTccl at >.7;;^(;i;;;;'j //r///, when he came 1 loinc witii me lafc Winter, for a third Ratt: Mate. I Iiavii-.L^ promilcd to carry him Sur- geon iilon^, with me, tor liiis Tvvcivemoiith palt, prevented ,iis going (jovcrnor, which they liavc fc- veral Timts oli'ered him (ince my leaving the Com- pany's Service. He refilled it all along, depending on the Certiainty of going with me. The Com- pany, we beiieve, have ufed Means to hinder the Surgeons of the 1 1 ill from giving him a Qualifica- tion. 'I'hey examined him laft Week ; he anfwer- cd all their Qiiellions, but had no Certificate to the Navy-Oilice. The CommifTioners of the Navy I have apply'd to for a Warrant for him, but they fay they can't do it without the B.irber Surgeons. Mr. Gajhrcc wrote dovvn in his Behalf, but told mc Yederday, that he could not go without the Qua- lification from the Hall. Sir Charles laid, in Mr. Cajhrees hearing, he believed it was not material his palling there. Sir, I will alibre you that, as I am not a Stran- ger to Surgery or Medicines, I can venture to re- commend him to be a Perfon as well qualified for Surgeon as the major Part of thofe in the Navy -, he alio may be of great Service to us in cafe we iliould winter, for he will be the only Perfon on Board who knows any Thing of the /W/rt« Tongue, likewifc knowing the Dillempers that that Country is fubje(fl: to ; and as wc have broke through all the Rules (as they lay) in die Navy, we muiV ftretch one Point here, and I mull infilt upon his going if Sir Charles can't do it, but I believe he will. We mull apply to Sir R. IValpole^ for the Company fhall not baulk us in this or anv other Thing. I am, Sir, 2''cur niojl obedient humhk Servant^ Chrift. Middleton. Ratciilf- Cro/s, /'pa 23, 171 1 I'he^s ■4. I ( 127 ) There. hr'Dig ^ nmleriai Difffirc the Reader y with t. is previous Notice^ to compare both. N\ XXX. M 1 ti'ii Hours. Daily Occu p. 11 e nce?. Ai 8 10 12 At 4 in the Morning, a fmall Breeze and liazey, failing among Ice : Sounded 55 Fathoms. Cape Hope bore NN E dillant 5 Leagues. At half an Hour after 5 weTack'd, and found by our Sounuings from 5^ to 40 Fathoms. Much Ice to the Eaflward. [Our Courfe \L N EJ. Tack'd. Fir'd a Gun, or Signal, for the Tender^ Cape Hope N by W half W. dillant 6 Leagues : Lov: Beach bore S W 4 or 5 Leagues didant : The Middle Opening bore S R by E. dillant 4 [Courfe SS'W^] A frcHi Gale. At half a^i Hour pafl 8 handed both Top-gallant-fails: Sounded and found from 58 to ^6 Fathoms. Standing in for an Opening. [Courfe S W half W]. Ac 10 the Capt. went on Shore, with th? fix-oar'd Boat, to fee if there was any fuch thing as to go in with the Ship, and to try the Ebbing and Flowing of the Tide. At half an Hour pad 11. lay too for the Boat j ^ne Reef in each Topfail. At 1 2 Cape Hope bore N by E half E 7 or 8 Leagues. The Beach W ^j.'S 4 or 5 Leagues. Tlie Largeft Opening bore Eaft 2 Leagues. LvinLi; ;i f 1! M !}h I, Huun. 6 8 10 2 4 8 lo 12 ( '28 ) J)a I L Y OCCL' R R F NCi:«. Aug. 9. Lying to for the Boat, up S of S W. [CoLirfc S S W. E N E.J At 2 made fail, and Hood in Shore. Sounded ;^j, jo, 30, 30, 27 Fathoms. At 3 tackM. At 4 Capa //(7^iinded y\) [o 6S Ruiu^n',. Land in figtic on Ibutli Side lies E by S. to S, Lyin liji 'li •'■> -1 j'l. II: :>5' ( 130 ) Hours. Daily Occurrences. Aug. ii 2, Lying too S E off to S S E. Sounded •■ ^6 Fathoms. Wore rhe Ship, and lay with her Head to Northward. Sounded 45 to 43. The extreme Part of the South Shore bears fouth and S E by E. Neareft Diftance S E by 3 9 or 10 Leagues. ^^ A Frefh Gale and hazy. Sounded 60 to 70 ^ Fathoms. Q At 7 moderate Weather. Made fail and flood to the Northward. At 8 faw the Land on both Sides of the Welcome. The Extreme in ilght or N Side N half E, Diftance 12 or 1:3 Leagues. Sounded 60 Fathoms. Moderate Weather. Standing over to the N. *- ^ 1 Shore, founded 47, 46, 45 Fathoms. 1 2^ Lay to with her Head to the Northward. j Sounded 45, 43 Fathoms. I WEDNESDAY, Jug. 11. /-» Moderate and clear. Sounded 47 to 55 Fa- ! thorns. Lay to under a Fore-fail. A Wore Ship. Sounded 45 1035 Fathoms. Land ^j \i\ fight on North Shore from N E to { N N W. ncarcll Did. N 5 or 6 Leagues. Dirto Weather. Sounded 42 Fathoms. At 5 bore away, and Hood as per Log (W.j Sounded 45 Fathoms. Frclh Gales and hazy. Sounded 40, 39, 36, 37 Fathoms. Co'jrfe N W. The Land on N Side the VVeftermoll Parr in Sight bore N half E. the Fallcrmoft E by N. Hauling off and on. Sounded 29, 24, 22, 26, 25, 26, 29, ^'4, 34, 35 Fathom.s, Rocks ?sA ilony Ground. 6 8 10 X WW Moderate Weather. Sounded 15, 35^ 34, 3-1' Lowcr'd the Boa: at 11. Out tirlt Kecf ot Top-Iail, Courlo 25 ( '3' ) Houn. 2, 4 6 8 lO 12 2 4 6 8 lO Paily Occu r r.1 nces. Auc;. i:;. Lat. 6^<>. 56'. Courfe W S W.] Moderate and hazy. Sonnded 30, 34, ^6 Fathoms. Ditto Wcath-r. [Lowic W hy S.] Sounded 39, 34 Fathoms. A; 3 fet Fore-fail and Jib. [Courfe W S W.] Saw the Land all along thci N Shore, Diltance from it 7 or 8 Leagues. Sounded 34, 38 Fathoms. At 6 Itood more out to deepen the Water. [Courfe '"> W.] A frefli Gale. Sounded 29^ 35, 40 Fathoms. At S haul'd upFore-lail, and took both Reefs in each Top-lail, and lay to with Fore top-fail. Drive S by W. Sounded 52 Fathoms. Frefii Breeze and clear. Ditto Weather. Sounded 42,45 Fathoms. THURSDAY, Jug. 12. Ditto Weather. Sounded 60, 6^ Fathoms. Drive South. Ditto Weather. Sounded Gr^^ 65 Fathoms. Bore away, (landing in for the Land on North Side. At 4 made fail, and flood in for the Land N N \y. At 6 the Fxtremcs in Sight at Brook Ccbhmn bears from N by W. to N W by W. the high Land on it N W by N. dillant 8 or 9 Leagues. [Courfe N by W.] At 7 fet the Fore-fiil. At 8 Brook Cobhiim bore from N. to N W by W. The high Land upon ditto N W half N. Dillance 6 or 7 Lea'iUi.s. Sounded 60 to 43 Fathoms. [Courfe N N W.] Sounded from 49 to ^ Kfs 9 Fathoms 2 Leagues ofl' Shore, Saw fe- ' i veral black W.hales of the ri<;ht Kind. S 2 Latir. Hours. 12 6 8 lO 12 ( '32 ) Daily Occurrences. Aug, 13. Latit. S^''. 14'. Hauling off into deeper Wa- ter, At 12 Brook Cobham the Extreme from N W by W to N N W 3 Leagues off Shore. *Tis a Headland and not an liland, as Fox mentions. Another Head-land at the fame Time bears S W by S. Uiflance 8 or 9 Leagues. Sounded 20 Fathoms. FRIDAY, Aug, 13. [Courfe S W by W.] Moderate Weather and clear. Sounded 39, 30, 31, 23, 25, 3:, 27, Fathoms. Courie ditto. Ditto Weather. Sounekd 23, 20, 32, 38, 40, 40, 40, 45 Fathom. At four the South Part of the Illand bore W N W Dillance 4 Leagues. ^ ^ Ditto Weather. Sounded 38, 24, 25 Fathoms, Sounded 25, 35 Fathoms. Lay to. Try*d the Tide. It came from the Halt 3 Knots. Lying to off Marble JJland, Ijhali ( 133 ) • IJhall not give any Papers in this Appendix "Ji'hich Captain Middlcton has given true Accounts of in his, bui only fucb as he has not given, or where he has left out any material Article or Paragraph. The fir/i he has omitted is the Letter the Company garue to their Governor and Council at Churchill, ivben the Admiralty wrote to them to give him the life of their Harbours, and to ajjiji them with any Thing they fjjouhi zvant to promote the Difcovery, viz. N\ XXXI. Mr. James Ifliam and Council at Prince of Wales Fort, Churchill River. Hudfon's Bay Houfe, London, May 31, 1741. Gentlemen, NOtwithflanding our Orders to you, if Captain Middleton (who is fent abroad in the Govern- ment's Service to find out a Paflage N.W.) fhould by inevitable Neceflity be brought into real Di- ftrefs and Danger of Us Life or Lofs of his Ship, and by that Means forced to you** Factory, in fucli cafe you are then to give him the bell Afliftance and Relief you can. We remain Tour loving Friends, Bibyc Lake, Governor. William Klderton. J. Winter. At well Lake. John Anthony Merle. John Merry. TT TE do certify, that the above is a true Copy yV of the Original Letter direfted as above for Mr. James I/ham and Council at Prince of IVales Fort, Churchill River, and liibfcribed by Bibye Lake, Governor, IViUiam Klderton, J. IFtnter, AlwellLake, John ':V\\ ( 134 ) John Anthony Merle, and John M^rry ; as Witnefs our Hands, London^ May 27, 1741. Alexander Orr. Robert Allan. N\ that I v/as afraid of lofing her, the Seafon bein^ but too far d"^ /anced, and a great Probability of beating to Windward a long Time before we could reach Leith, and a Hazard of being Wind-bound there, I confultcd my Officers, who unanimoutly agreed it would be the mod proper Method to bear away for the Ifles of Orkney, where I fafely arrived this Day, and fliall (lay no longer than watering the Ships to pro- ceed when a Wind prefents -, but the Difcovery fails fo heavily, that it will be as much as we can do to get to Churchill this Year, and I wifli we may. The two Ships in the Company's Service Hiilcd from hence the 22d of hft Month, and as it is probable they have had fair Winds ever fince, they muft now be in Jludfon^s Bay. I (hall do what lies in my Power for tlie Service I am ordered upon, and am, with great Rcfnecl:, honourable Sir, I'our mcjl obedient humble Servant, Chrid. Middlctoti. Ikrc ilv'il!'. as Witnefs ier On. Man. of the Ifles 1 the Nore, many Calms very much \ to call at ^ to accom- /orked up as th\ but the the Difcovery /as afraid of Far a'^/anced, :o Windward L«7)&, and a I confukcd it would be y for the Ifles is Day, and Ships to pro- Difeovery fails ve can do to we may. The Hiilcd from it is probable ley muft now t lies in my )on, and am, \. Middlcton. ( 135 ) There being nolbing maierial in Mr. Lanrick's Let- ter of the fir Jt of November, 1742, except what I have mentioned in thefe Remarks already^ it being a kind of Journal^ I need not give it here. 'J'he Captain'' s Letters to me of November 1 7, from Orkney, and January 18, from London, bdng ex- oQly related in his printed Defence^ I jhall not give them here. But his Letter of the ^ih of February, being altered in feveral Parts, and the laji whole Pa- ragraph being artfully omitted^ it will be neccjjary for me to give the whole here^ viz. Sir, N». XXXIII. I Received yours of the 2 2d of January^ and faw the Letter you inclofed in Mr. Smith's to the Lord " concerning opening the Trade to the Bay. You fay I have made a much greater Progrefs in the Difcovery of a Pafiagc, than I imagined when there, and that from the Light you have got from my Journal, you can alir ft prove that ! was in the Paflage, and that Wager River is properly Wager Streighty and not a frtlli Water River ; and that the Way I entered it was one, tho' not tlie greateft and eafieftWay into the Strcight. You alfo obferve, that it there is a Communi- cation between tlie Bay and the Wellern American Ocean, or PalTage thro' I Hands or broken Lands, as in the Magellanic Strcight, the Tide will conti- nue to rife until wc gee half Way through, and then meet the Tide of the other Ocean. This I thought of v;hen there, made feveral Trials, and ordered my Officers to do the fame, not only near Dc'er Sound, but in tlieir Progrefs up the River as far as they wenr, and to take Notice of the Flux of the Tides their Diredion and Fleight, as you'll find 1- ; ' !' I m ( '36 ) nnd inclofed here. Now as by mine and their Ob- Jervations, it flowed at Savage Sound fifteen Feet, and tlie lame Day but ten Foot at Deer Sound, and iifteen Leagues above Deer Sounds on the W. Side, but fix Feet. The Tides kept their regular Courfc as high up as I was myfelf^ which was five Leagues above Deer Sounds about /even Hours Ebb and five Hours Flood, twenty Leagues up ; whereas, if there had been a Tide from the Weltward to have met this, it mult have railed the Tide higher, the farther we went up, as it does in Narhroughh Ac- count of the befoiementioned Streighf, but the Flood would not have run above two Hours, as he found it there. All thefe Obfervations confirmed me, that it could not be a Streight, as you feem to chink. The Whales we faw in the River JVager ceir^iniy come in at the Mouth of that River, where the Ships entered at ; for we faw feveral in the IVel- come, and fome off from Cape Dobbs, after wc came our, and before we went in. The high Land and deep Water gave me great Hopes before I try'd the abovementioned Tides. Brook Cchha?n was covered with Snow when we went our, hue in our Return Home rh-^re was none upon it. The Snow on the Land in the River IVa- ger was much walled before we got out of it, efpe- cially upon the Tops of the Mountains; but in the Valleys it lay very thick, and froze fo hard as to be able to bear Wa2;i2:ons and Horfes. As to any l^ilfage or broken Lands between the River IFagcr and 62°. 40'. I am certain that I Itarthed that Coall very narrowly, and flood into every Bay all along lb near, that the Indians I had on Board knew all the Coaft, and would have had nie to have fet them on Shore at Cape Fulierton, for they knew their Way to Churchill, and had that I W.\T \ their Ob- ftecn Feet, Sottrtd, and te W. Side, alar Courfc ivc Leagues ,bb and five whereas, if ard to have higher, the 7rough*& Ac- it •, but the -lours, as he IS confirmed you feem to iger cevrVmly r, where the in the PFel- hs, after we le high Land before I try'd ovv when we <^re was none le River IF^- of it, el'pe- |s •, but in the hard as to between thf* terrain that I id ftood into Indians I li^ul nild have had \FuUerton, for land had that ( ^37 ) Way travtllcd leveralTiincs in the Summer, which they could nor Jiave done had it cojililled ot Jllands or Rivers j for chcy have no Canoes, n( itlu-r is there any Wood to rale them over as the Imlians do, to tlie Sou til ward. The Copy of the Lieutenant and Mader's Re- port I have here incloled, and what is wantinp; in their Relation I fhali mention here. I'hel^iver, five Leagues above Deer Sound, is eight or ten liCagues broad ; the Channel is leventy or eighty Fathoms deep in the Middle, and lieth near N.W. by the true Chart, as far as they went up, and met with as much Ice or more than we did below where the Ships lay. I went feveral Times up the River mylelf, but all was fo choak'd with Ice, that I could but once eet over to the Well Shore-, io that it is my Opinion, that this River cannot be above one Week or two at moll clear of Ice in a Year, and many Years not clear at all. Ihere mull be Land to the Weftward, and a very great Trad of Land, from the Reafons I men- tioned in the Obfervations of the Effects of Cold. Whilfl: the Wind blows from the Northwell Quar- ter the Air is continually frozen, by the Winds pal- ling over Mountains perpetually covered with Snow. The Land from the Water-fide afcends gradually up into the Country, and is very high, as I law from otT Ibme very high.Mouncains above Deer Sound. This is all I have Time to think upon at prcfent, but I Ihould be heartily glad you could dilVolvc the Company, for they have ufed me and a!i my Men who were with me very iii •, and rhofe who volun- tarily entered with me at Cburebill, they refufe to pay their Wages due i neither can I gee any Mo- ney for my Servant, whom I formerly put in their •"^-rvice. TI\q:x are many other Things which T have ( 138 ) have been very fatiguing to me, and no doubt will be tirefonie to you, therefore beg leave you will conclude mc to be, as I really am, with great Ke- J'pe6V, Sir, Icuion, Fd. ^ '^«'' f"^fl obedient, <; , 1 74 ii . IJtim ble Servant, Chrift. Middlcton. '^'be Capt ant's IV arrant and the Lieutenant'' s and MajUr*i joint Report the Captain has puhlijhed, but the Li t'uic nam's Jirjl Report he did not, which is as folloivs : N°. XXXIV. JO'/.?" the 29th, 1742, 1 was ordered w'th the Mafler to take the fix-oar'd Boat, and to go up lavage Sound as high as Deer Sound, and try the 1'ides. I find that the Flood there comes from the River JFager^ it fiow'd there 10 Foot Water. VV'c then fail'd from Beer Sound for the High BlutrLand on the N. W. Side of the River JVager. The Courfe from the Ifiands off the Nortli Side of Deer Sound is N. W. and N. W. by N. by Compafs. AVe founded all the Way over, and had no Ground, with a Line of 68 Fathom, to the High Bluff Ldnd. We then run up a Branch of the main River, and iounded and found 50 Fathom one third over that Branch. I'here were feveral Ifiands in it. Sounded about a league off an Ifland on the North Side, and found 30 Fathom Water. In running between the Ifiands and the fuppofed Main, which was on the W^eft Side of that Branch, the Tide or Frelhes fud- denly turned againll us, the Boat altering the Land very much before. Sounded near fome of the Ifland'i, and had no Ground at 68 Fathoms. As we run up it we founded near a fmall Illand, and had twenty-nine l-'atlioins. We ffeer'd \N. N. W. between ( 139 ) between the Iflands and the wcil Land by Compafs, there being fcvcral Iflands in the fair Way, and no Ground in the Middle of the Channel at 6S Fa- thom. We went about 15 Leagues above Dctr Sound, and faw a Frefli or Kun ot Water coming againll us •, and the Wind being fair I was afniid to Hay any longer, for fear of hindering the Shii)s from going to Sea. There is a great ProbabiUty of an Opening on the welt Side by the coming in of the Whales, but I could not go higher up 10 try ic for the abovemention'd Reafon. We went to the lop ot" a high mountainous Land, from whence we faw a great Jvun or Fall of Water between the well Land and the lllands. Ic was very narrow, fecniingly not a Mile broad \ and at the fame Time faw a lair Channel or Streight to the Northwards of the lllands, with Land on both Sides as high as the Cape of Good HopCy running away to the wertward with many Bluff Points and broken Lands. In coming down we law feveral very large black Whales, playing about the Boat and in Shore. John Rankin. the Jirft of Augufl^ ly^i. The Minutes I fet down from the Majier, ivhen he came to mey the Moment he left the Room, N'. XXXV. ROBERt WILSON, the Mafter of the Fur- nace^ very candidly and openly owns, that he was drove out in the Boat with the Lieutenant by the Tide of Ebb, quite round Cape Dohbs to the Southward. That upon his Return, when he went up to Deer Sound and from thence to the Bluff on the Weft Side, he had an open Sea free from Ice, and no Soundings all the Way over at 68 Fathoms, 'i' 2 but ii; ( HO ) but near m Illand they IkrI 30 F;ithom5. I'liat hti law ;i y,rcar '•»T;iny l;ir^;c true hl.ick \Vli;ik*s as enin[5 or Strcight from the well- ward. He lays, that when he came to the Weft Bhift', thirty L,ea<;ucs up IVii^^rr River, that the Mid-chan- nel then layW'.S. W. tlie true Courle ; that lie tailed the Water there, whifh was as lalt as any he had found in thole Seas •, that the Fall about a ].eague from them, or rapid Current, he would tain have gone to, but does not know whether it was frelli Water or nor. Bit it was not in the main Channel, that lie and another Man went much higher up the Mountains than the Lieutenant, and killed two Deer •, that from thence he overlooked the Idands, v/hich Wi;re betwixt them and the main Channel, and faw a large Streight 4 or 5 Leagues wide, free from Ice, which run diredly S. W. with high mountainous Lands on both Sides, which he had a great Inclination to have gone to in the Boat, aiui mcn'd it to the Lieutenant •, but their Provi- lions being fpent, and having already gone fifteen Leagues beyond their Warrant which limited them, lie was unwilling to difobcy his Orders by going farther. L'poa which the Mafter laid, to what l\irpol'e did they go there, if it was not to make the Difcovery, Upon then* Return at Brook Cob- bam^ the Captain lent the Mafter aftiore to get W^ater, and laid he would fend him again j that he then obferved that there had been very high Tides, of which he acquainted the Captain upon his Return, and delired to go afliore again to make Ob* ( '41 ) Ohfervfitions ; but the Captain, upon Pretence that he had ibkl too Ion?, on Sliorc before, toici him he fhoukl not go on Shore again vvhiHl he was in tlie J3ay, and orderetl otliers to go., fo lie could make no iarthcr Obfervations thcie, from thence they bore away tor England^ 15th of AuguJ}. ■ ( Mr. Thompfon and WigateV Letter to me upon the Mafiefs Rcfufal to reduce the akve Account into H rlting : N^ XXXVI. Honoured Sir, iredncfday, April 20, 1 743. WE have, according to our Promife, vifited the late Mafler of the Furnace, whom we find to have been \o much temporized with by the Difcoverer, that he has abfolutely refufed to fay any Thing relating to his private Knowledge of the Voyage he wis ordered upon, by reafon he ivould not be the Ruin of any Man, (thefe were his exprefs Words) for he would rather beg his Bread. The Difcoverer came to him in PFapping laft Night, and fetch*d hini away, and carry'd him to his Lodg- ings in the Old Bailey in a Coach. The Difcoverer there remonflrated to him what he thought proper for his Purpofe, and fo altered the Malle/'s Defigns, that he declared he would fee you no more ; and we have feme Apprehenfions he may be fent out of the Way. We remember enough of his Words, which he fpoke to us in Company on Monday laO:, to confront him with upon Oath, provided he does rot declare the Truth upon Examination. We are heartily forry wc have faid fo mucli in Praife of an unfteady- ii '!li:r I<".1 ( 142 ) undcady-mindcd ^l.m, and only bc<^ you will cx- tufe us, and conclude we Are unalterably 2'our moft obedient humhk Servants.^ Rdward Thompfon. John Wigare. P. S. Wc nuagine the Lieutenant is under Do- cument, therefore wc beg leave to wait upon yoy Tomorrow Morning. The anonymous Letter fent to me from London, which gave me the firft Hint of the Captain^ s Roguery. N°. XXXMI. Sir, THIS Script is only to open your Eyes, which have been fealed or rlofed with too much (we can't fay Cunning) Artifice, fo that they have not been able to difcover our Difcoverer's Pranks. All Nature cries aloud there is a PaHage, and wc are fure there is one from Hudfon's Bay to Japan, Send a Letter dire(n:ed to Meffrs. Brook and Cobham, who are Gentlemen that have been the Voyage, and cannot bear fo glorious an Attempt fhould die un- der the Hands of mercenary Wretches, and they will give you fuch pungent Reafons as perhaps will awake all your Induftry. They defire it may be kept fecret fo long as they fhall think fit. They are willing to venture their Lives, their Fortunes, their All, in another Attempt 5 and they are no inconfiderable Perfons, but fuch as have had it much at Heart ever fince they faw the Rapidity of the Tides in the fVelcowe. The frozen Streights is all Chimera, and every Thing you have ever yet read or ( H.^, ) or fecn conccrninp; tluit Part of our Voy.igc. \\c fnall Unci you Ionic unanlwcrabk C^icrics. Direfl for us at t'le Chapler Coffee I loaf \ St. PaitCs Church-yard. January 2, 1742-3. 'his T mifii'cred upon receiving it, telling them if it Were genuine, ami they fent me ever proper f'^ucries, I would ^0 Jlrait over and affijl them, and puflj it for- "iVard with all the Interejl I could make. 'To which J had the following Anfwer : N°. XXXVIII. Si r. IT was with no little Plcafure we received your Letter, and you may depend upon our utmolt Anirtance towards the Difcovcry of the fo-Iong-de- fir*d Paflagc \ but muft beg leave to acquaint you, it is with no mercenary Views we undertake this un- grateful l^aflc, yet as we have engag'd fo far as to fend you a Letter, you may be afllired that nothing Ihall deter us from doing public Juftice, and only beg the Favour you would fuffer us to conceal our Names a little longer. V/e hope to fee you Face to Face ; and perhaps may not be quite unacquaint- ed to you, tho' we have been at Sea in no ungenteel Polls before this Expedition we are fpeaking of. OurQiieries are not fo v^ell digefted as we will have them 1 and therelore beg you will pleafe to difpenfc longer with them and us; yet as a Specimen of what we fhall and will do. Query, Why did not our Difcoverer give all the Encouragement poITible to the Northern Indians he employed, and why he ufed theni as Slaves ? Q^ Whether, if he had taken their Advice, he would not have made a Ihort Palllige to, i^c, before 2 he Fr ■| 111 ( H4 ) lie faw ll^ager River (or more jiiftly a Streight, the Tide running fo rapid) before he was embayM in the Ice. Q^ Whether he did not haul out of the Tide, to prevent our driving into the defir'd Pafliige ? Q^ If he did not facriHcc liie Indians^ left they lliouJd tell Talcs, being pretty forward in the Eng- VifJj Language ? . Tlie next or following Poft flialj bring you Que- ries ab origine ad fincm. We are ingenuoudy, ho- noured Sir, l^c. Mcjjrs. Brook and Cobham. P.S. Direcfl for us as before. Iionefl Man. Fo>i was an The Hudjon^s Bay Company are intending to fettle a Fac^lory on the Labrador Coalt in Iludfon^s Ba)\ in order to trade with Indians and KJkimaux^ and to iix the Settlement as nigh the Opening frorp, that. Bay and the Atlanlic Ocean. .'^^* | Here follows George Axx the Guf!''er*s LeUcrf- ivhich he fenl ivith his Draught of the frozen Streight near Cape Frigid, which is a Duplicate of what he fent to one of the Lords of the Adtniralty. •Mr. WIG ATE. Sir, XXXIX. Liverpool, April 15, 1745. f'P^HIS comes in Anfwer to your Letter, and I J[ have fent you the bed I know. And as for that Place where the Captain, ami you, and myfclf, and the Carpenter was, it is an Ifland, that I am fure of; and it was about three Leagues from this Ifland to the Main, and die Kland about feven Leagues long ; and as for the Height of the Land I cannot tell, but it was as high as any of the re(t as ever you ... ... -^ • fee ;hr, the ay*ci in 'ide, to L'fl: they he Eng- ui Quc- ny, ho- ^obham. V was an r to fettle ;, and to :om th.u "\ s \ r Letter^' 1 Streight \ •jhai l.»'\ 5. »743- :r, and I id as for Id myfclf, ll am ill re lliis Ifland Leagues I cannot ever you lie ( H5) lee any where about that PJace, and there is a Sketch of it. But as to that you muft excufe, becauic I can- not do it no otherwile, but that is it to my belt Opinion. Pray give my Duty to the Optain, and be lb good to let me know when he gets a Sliip, and what Ship j and in fo doing you will much oblige Tour humble Servant y George Axx. The Draught. References, in the Gunner's fVonh. The in md that Ton was Illinds in the Middle and Sides, upon with tlie Capt the Car- penter, and myfclf; it is about three Lc;'guLs from the N!ain. 2. This was a whole Body of Ice, frozen from Side to Side, with about thirty (traW and is about 7 Leagues long and 3 wide 3. This is the Main : Very high Land, 4. LoivBe^uh Point. 5 /^ Ch^ntiti running N K. U N^ ( 146) N^ XL. 'i WHereas it hath been reported by Capt. Mid- dleion, that Mr. Norton, late Governor of Churchill, travelled from IVbale Cove, in the I-ati- tude of 62°. odd 1065**. odd inland, without In- terruption of any Lakes, Rivers or Streights, and could perceive no fuch Thing as any Inlet or Open- ing to the South Sea, ^r. To confute this, it hu.^ been feveral Times re- ported by the faid Nor Ion, that To far as he travelled he faw nothing but broken Lands and Iflands from 60*^. to the Extent of his Journey ; and that the native Indians he had then with him gave him a very good Account of a Copper Mine upon the Side or Bank of a large River or Streight ; and that a Perlon might eafily go with a Ship or Sloop, and Jy clofe to the Side thereof, and fill their Veffel with the aforelaid Metal at Plealiire, t Likewile the two Northern Indians that we took in at Chitrchill, the one named Nabiana, the other J^zana (tho* upon the Ship's Books they are call'd Ciayhtdla and Cloydiddy) gave me a particular and more confirmative Account than Mr. Norion*s. They mark'd out upon my Table the Tradt of l^and or Confines of their Country, as fir as they knt w, togctlicr with the Courlc of fome remark- able frcfli Water Rivers ia their Country 5 but in particular tliey gave a very good and clear Account of a Copper Mint-, which they generally ufed to go to once in two Yearb ; and at this Copper Mine there is a large River or Streight, fait Water and ftrong 'I'idcs, Plenty of a large kind of black Fifh, which by their Dcfcription I imagine to be Whales; and that they were five Days in eroding that laic Water in their Canoes j and that this River or Streiii^iu was fo deep, that tlu^y could find no Bot- tom ( m ) torn with a Deer Skin cut into very fmalJ Thongs, and at leaft was an hundred Fathoms long ; that the Courfe of this River run towards the Sun at Noon- day, and this River appeared to me to be about the Latitude of 63^. or thereabouts •, for they leemed, in our Voyage, to have more Knowledge of the Land near that Latitude than in any other Part of our Difcovery ; and when we failed to the North- Ciiftward of that Latitude, they told us we were going from the Copper Mine, and the River they Ipoke of. The Country thefe Nations inliabit in Summer, upon account of their killing Deer, they told me was all barren, high and rocky, and that they go inland in the Winter to the Southward to catch Beaver and other Furrs. I had frequent Conference with thefe two Indians^ who feemed to be well af- feded towards me, and were never better pleafcd than when I was writing a Vocabulary of their Language ; by which I might be enabled to dif- courle with them more familiarly, and they were very eager of learning Englijh. The Captain frequently forbad me talking with diem, or coming near them, and threatned to cut my Ears off, and take my Papers from me ; fo that we were obliged to meet privately when Oppor- tunity ferved, otherwife I might have obtained a great deal more. Since the Captain's coming Home, he told Mr. Ellis of the Vidlualling-Office, that he could be Diredor of the Httdfon^s Bay Company wlienever he pleafcd, which ^ives Ibme Sufpicion, that he endeavoured to favour that Company too much. Given under our Hands this 9Lh Day of Jpril^ >743. Edward Thompfon. J ''-i/wi John Wigate. is U 2 Mr. i ( hS ) N^ XLI. Ivlcjfrs. Wigatc attd Thompson* s DepoJ!tms, taken he- fore WilliAiTi Calvert, Efq-y at his Houfe in Thames- itreet, London, April 25, 1743. THESE two Deponents Edward Thompfony late Surgeon of his Maje{ty*s Sloop Furnace, and John IVigate, Clerk of the faid Sloop, do, in the mod folcmn Manner make Oath, and hereby de- clare, that they, nor either of them, have any per- Ibnal Antipathy, private Animofity, or arc any Ways aflfefted with Parti^.lity, upon any Account whatever, againft Chrijiopher Middleton, late Com- mander of his Majefty*s Sloop Furnace ; and that what tljcy have wrote or faid concerning a Paflage from Hudfon^s Bay to Japan, China, and other Countries, is from the natural Occurrences they met with in the Voyage j and moreover declare, that tho' their Stations on Board that Sloop did not re- quire them to examine into the executive Part of na- vigating the Vefldl, yet they were incited by Words Capt. C. Middleton fpoke before the Chief-Faftor at Churchill, his Deputy, his Surgeon, the Lieutenant of the Furnace and themfelves, which Words were exprefsly thus, or to the fame Etfecl, That he would make the Voyage he was ordered upon, and that no Man but himfelf Jhould h able to know whether there was a Pajfageor not ; and that he would be a t?elter Friend to the Hudfon*s-Bay Company thc'i ever. Thelc Words were the principal Motives which induc'd the two abovementioned Deponents to be Siri^ Obfer- vers of the Occurrences of the Voyage, for the pub- lick Good of Great Britain and the Government, under whofe Pay they a(5lua11y were, and not other- wife. Given under their Mands this 25th Day of 4^-^A 1743- Edward Thompfon. John Wigate. Mr. jken he- 'hames- !}», late zee, and in the reby de- my per- arc any Account te Com- uid that I Paflage id other ices they :lare, that d not re- art of na- 3y Words lef-Fador lieutenant ords were t he would %t no Man )tre woj a Friend io — Theic duc'd the ri^ Obfer- thc pub- i-ernmenr, not other- h Day o! 'hompron. late. Mr. ( M9 ) 4 ,->. ... N^ XLII. Mr. Samuel Smith'j Account of the Trading Goods fent on board the Difcovery to be dtfpos'd of by his Bro- ther \ with an Anfiver to fome Charges brought againfi him by Capt. Middleton. Sir, London, Septem. 6. 1743. CAptain Middleton having mention*d my Name in his Defence, as an Agent of yours, t?f. and given the World a very falfe Account of the Converfations he had with me at different Times , I think it juft to fend you a Declaration of the Fadts and Circum (lances that came to m.y Knowledge in the Courfe of this Affair, and leave it to you to make what Ufe you think pro- per of it i affuring you ...at I fliail be ready at any Time to make an Affidavit of the Truth of the whole, or any Part, that Captain Middleton fhall objed: to. iC (« c« it (( cc « «( (( (( cc 7'(? Arthur Dobbs, Ef^\ in Dublin. I am^ Sir, Tour mofi humble Servant, Sam. Smith. THE firfl: Notice I had of Captain Middleton'^ Return from the Expediuon he went upon, was by Letters which the Captain wrote to the Se- cretary of the Iludfon's Bay Company, from the Orkneys and Tarmoutb Road. When i heard that the Ships were arrived in the River, I went down and met them below Galleon*s Reach. Upon my going on board the Furnace, I alk'd Captain Mid- dleton if I might congratulate him upon his finding the North-weft Paffage ? to which he replied, that it was not yet proper to be known, bccaufe he had fome Affairs to fettle with the Hudfon's3'7 Company, 1 told ( '50 ) I told him that I thought it very extraordinary he ihould conceal it from me, whom he knew to be a Friend of, and to correfpond with Mr. Doi'&'S. The Captain anfwer'd, that he had prepar'd a Let- ter for Mr. Dolfbs, which he gave me to read and forward : But after I had read it, I told him I could not judge by it whether there was a Paflhgc or nor, and afk*d him again, If there was a Paflage ? To which he replied, Mr. DoHs will underftand that Letter. Finding no Satisfa(5tion from the Cap- tain, I immediately apply 'd to others on boara, but they anfwerM me in the fame dark and ambi- guous Manner. The Converfation the Captain mentions to have had with me in Page lo of his Defence, is intirely falfe, viz. 'That I much importuned him to write to Mr. Dobbs, that there might be ftill Hopes left of a Pajfage, even t ho* he thoug'-^t otherwife\ furely it would have been ridiculous in me to have defir'd him to write that there might be ftill Hopes left of a Paflage, when at the fame time I knew he took great Pains to make the Publick believe there was no Pafllige. It is true that I was at Captain Mid- dleton's Lodgings feveral Times, and calk'd to him upon a Scheme Mr. Dolfh was defirous to proiecute, of opening and enlarging the Trade to Hudfon*s Bay, (upon the Prefumption that there was no Paflage Weftward through the Bay to the South Sea, which I then thought was put out of Difpute, becaufe the Captain in all his Letters to Mr. Dobbs, fince his Return, endeavour'd to make him believe that all to the Northward was a Main-land) ; but the Cap- tain difapprovM the Scheme, and mention'd fome Objcdlions, fuch as the Severity of the Climate, and the Dangers that Strangers v/ould be expos*d to f:om the Number of French that inhabited the Inland Country. However, I thought his Objefti- ons of little Weight, and prefs*d him not to be fo ftrenuous ftrenu more coura{ theG five S gaget plain!} ny ; their View \ inftead Merch Dobbs ■■ The fays X ty of t Bay, tJ Dobbs'i In c he in/in was dif which he, i. i he was Duty, ir)g the Jutcly genr. Fori ry he to be Vohhs. \ Let- a and him I 'aflage iflage? jrftmd eCap- boaitl, ambi- ro have intirely write to left of Lirety it defir'd pes kft he took lere was in NBd- to him •ofecute, li's Bay, Paffage ^ which aufe the Ince his that all he Cap- )V1 fome Climate, exposM (ited the Objeai- to be fo ftrenuous ( 15' ) ftrenuous in oppofing Mr. Dobbs\ Scheme. But the more I prefs'd, the more he endeavoured to dif- courage and divert it. Indeed he told me, that if the Gov srnment would give him the Command of five Ships, with fome Land Forces, he would en- gage to take Canada from the French : Which was plainly calculated to ferve the Hudfon*s Bay Compa- ny ; fmce the French then could not interfere in their Trade as they now do : So that his whole View was to fix the Hudfon^s Bay Company's Trade, inftead of laying it open for the Benefit of the Merchants in Britain, which was the Scheme Mr. Dobbs had in View. The confiderable Advantage that the Captain fays I expefted, was no other than the Opportuni- ty of entering earlier into the Trade to Hudfon^s Bay, than other People who were unappriz*d of Mr. Dobbs's Scheme to lay open that Trade. In other Places of Captain Middleton^s Defence he infinuates, and afterwards afferts, that Mr. Dolbs was difappointed of many Hundreds of Pounds, which he and his Agents might have gain'd, had he, /. e. Captain Middletcn, permitted it -, and that he was aecus'd by Mr. Dobbs of not having done his Duty, only becaiife he had prevented their obtain- ir^ the Advantages they aim'd at. This is abfo- Jutcly falfe, if he means that I was Mr. Dobbs*s A- genr, and Ihipp'd Goods on board on his Account : Fori now declare, that Mr. Dobbs did not fend, nor was he interefted in one Pennyworth of Goods that was fent by the Furnace or Difcovery^ to my Knowledge or Belief. What the Captain alludes to, muft be a fmall Adventure I fent with my Bro- ther fames Smith, who was on board the Furnace or Difcovery, which cofk me all Charges on board, L. 35 :. 12 : 3. This I had Captain Middleiotfs Confent tor, and it was lhipp*d with his Privity j nay he even proniisM, at my Requelt, to take Care of ( 152 ) of my Intcrefl:, in cafe of my Brother's Death on the Voyage •, and to prevent my making any Mi- llake, in fending improper Goods, he himfelf gave me a Lift of thofe Commodities the Company trade in ; tho* in his Defence he aflcrts, that he knew nothing of the Matter till he got to the Orkneys. The Strefs the Captain feems to lay upon my Brother's having figu*d the Journal, plainly Ihews, how low he was reduced to want a Teftimony ot his Skill and Honefty from a Youth of fixteen Years, who had never been at Sea before, but as a ?a0enger from Dublin to Park-gate, €' Beaton Street., 6cpt. 6. 1743. Sam. Smith. N^ XLIIIJ Lieut. Rankin's farther Anfwer to the Xlth Query, ni)hich he had omittedfigningy when before the Lords of the Admiralty. ".Yet I remember I was hauIM away to the NE " between 10 and 1 1 of the Clock, whether by the Flood or Ebb I knew not, but was oblig'd to fet the Jibb, Stay-fails and Top-gallant-fails to get clearof the NE. Shore. ^' John Hankin. (C <( PA PE RS delivered to Lieut. Rankin, fyAlex. Morrifon, John Armount, ^;/^ Abraham Humble, Petty Officers on board the Furnace, ftgn*d and at- teflcdby themfehes and others^ which relate to Part cf the Voyage. ■ X"^' '-'^ '-'"^ ;; WHEiV I, Alexander Morrifon y (whofe Name is undermentioned) was up the Wager Streights with the Lieutenant, I could not ice any Ice nigh the Opening oppofite to Beer Sound. We I faw ith on ' Mi- P gave npany lat he :o the >n my Ihcws, ony ot fixteen lilt as a Smith. Query, )e Lords heNE r by the to fet ^°:?'' Rankin. tyAlex. rlumble, and al- io pari fe Name : IVager t fee any Vid. We faw f '53 ) law a gre^t many black Whales, of the Whalebone Kind, come into D^^r ^^^w*/ every Tide. I cannot believe that thole Whales came in at the Mouth of Wager Strcights, as the Captain and feme other Creatures would willingly make People believe^ in order to anfwer to his own End -, for the itrong ra- pid Tide wc Hiw nigh Brcok Cobham^ (and a great many Whales of the right Whalebone Kind) where I well remember, that in bringing up the Ice-boat, to try the Tide, Mr. JViJhart^ the Mate, was in rlie Boat, the Tide broke the Deep-fea Tcad-line, and loft a Lead of 50 Pound Weight. The Cap- tain went into the Boat himfelf, in a very great Pal- fion, to try the Tide, when he fiw every body ftar- ing fo very eagerly at the Rapidncfs of it •, and at his Return on board faid it ran but 2 Miles 6 Fa- thoms. I was at the Cond the fame time, and an very certain the Tide ran above 6 Miles an Hou , and have heard the Officers fay fo many tim^is. The Number of Whales we faw there, and off Deer Sound, all of the right Whalebone Kind, gives me reafon to believe there is a Paffage thereabo' rs from fonie Weftern Ocean, and one that comes into Wa- ger Streights, oppofite to Deer Sound •, for the Ice was gone at that Opening oppofite Deer Sound long before it was in the Middle of the Streights. The 27th of July, when I was up the Streights with the Lieutenant, there was no Ice to be feen on that Op- ening oppofite to Deer Sound j nor fo much as one Piece ot Ice to be feen above the high Bluff Point, to the higheft we went up. The Streights is 1 1 or 12 Leagues broad i the Water was very fait all the Way up, and a^ftually fo within three Miles of the Fall or Ripiing we faw. As to Captain MidciIeion*s Affidavit-mens drinking trelh Water three League s above Deer Sounds among Ice, will fcarce prove it a frelh Water River i for Ham and Veel, with ftrong Beer, Flip and Punch, they cat ana drank, might X hurt I ', ii if 1 I If il (■54) I. art sind enfeeble their Memories, tho* iiulvted fevc- ral of them was never up tlie Strcights at all, and Iwcar by Hearfay. I have many times drank the Water where our Ship lay the Winter, within two Miles of the Sea, and many of our Men I have ieen (lu the fame, which plainly flicws that their Affida- vits is no reafon to prove fVa^er Strcights a frefh Water River, as Captain Middlclon would make the World believe. Augttjl the fixth, Ifteer'd the Boat with the Lieu- tenant to the Lcj} Beach Point, and the Tide I very well remember was falling, and had ebbed about 2 Foot by the Beach Point, and ki lb very ftrong about the Point to the S. W. that we were like to be drove round the Point, which the Lieutenant was very much vex'd with, and ilruck me becaufe I could not keep right againil the Tide, it run lb ve- ry llrong. He, as he laid, had no Viduals for him- fclf nor us, if we had been forced round the Point, as we had like to have been. When we got on board, I heard him tell the Captain that the Tide had ebbed about 2 Foot on the Point at three of the Clock, when they made a Signal for the Boat •, but the Captain, to anfwer his own End, fet it in the Logg-book, He found it to be the flood- tide, and it came from the Eq/lzvard, which is very falfe. I very well remember that we pafTed by what he called the Frozen Utrcights, within two or three Miles of the Iflands in the Mouth of it. Neither the Lieutenant nor any of the Boat's Crew could fee any Appear- ance of any Opening, yet the Captain has named that a frozen Streight, and JFagcr Streights, that is above three rimes broader, mulb pafs with him for a River, which fhews his Dcfign to impofc upon the l^ublick, and anfwer his own Ends. I never liiw a- ny Wh.ilc in the Streights nor Bay, nor ever heard ot any but lince we came home, but near Brook Cobham and Dicr Sounds and all of them of the right Wh.ile- fcvc- and ik the 1 two e ken L tVelh kc the Lieu- I very bout 2 ftrong like to Litenunt ^caufe I r» lb vc- or hinV- z Point, got on he Tide :e of the It •, but t in the and it I very ailed the s of the cutenant Appe^r- namcd that is lim for a upon the er faw a- er heard ijar Brook the right Wh.ile- ( ^5^ ) Whalebone: Kind, as I very well underdand them, having been a Whale filhing in (jn-enlami before in the Merchants Service. All tiiis I can make Affi- davit CO, to be real Faft, as well as fcveral more can do, befide us undermentioned, Witncfs Alesandcr Morrifon. John Anmunt. Ahrnham Humble. tv I r, "^ '', 5- MUnilpmcn on Ijoanl the P,ryrs Royr.l. JohnSeivard, ^ ^ • -^ \\ Another PAP E R Ji^Ji^d ly the TJcutauvrt^ and at - tcjlcd by others. THE Soundings up the Eafl Chnnncl b.-twccn the Ifland and the Eall Side or lllind is 45, 40, 30, and 25 Fathom, foft (Jround, in the Mid- dle of the Cliannel, and from it> to I'athoms within a Quarter of a Cable's Length to ibmc of the Illantis, and good Soundings thro' in many Channels between thofe Klands. The Dj|3th ot Water is 18 Fathoms, where I foinuied, and 7 or 8 Fathoms within half a Cable's Leui^th of the Itlands. The Channel between the IHands nnd the Eaft Side is three or four Miles broad. Wc went into a B.iy or Cove on the F'aft Side \ good clear Ground. Soundings from 30 to 5 Fatlioms. The Title came from the Southweftward of the Kland-^ and flowed 1 3 Foot. The Northcrnmolt Ifland bearing N. by W. Di- ftant 4 or 5 Miles. The Soundings from the Bay or Cove to the Northermoll Point on this Side the Bluff is 45, 40, 30, 20 F\ithoms, according to the Dillance we were off the Shore. Above the Iflandii from the Eaft Side to the S. W. Side is fix or (tvoin Leagues broad. The Land runs N. W. by W. I'he Tide ftow'd neareft N. W. by W. along Shore. We X a rai> ( '56 ) rin into a Biy or Cove at the North End of th? P(^int on this Side the high Bluff. The Soundings from 20 to 15, 12, 10, 8, 6 Fathoms*, good dear Ground, and cicr of the Ice. The Tide of Flood came from the Southward, and flow'd thirteen Feet and a half. The Sfrcights above the Iflands is 6 or 7 Leagues broad. I went lip the higheft Land on the Eafl Side, and fet the Lund by Compafs. There is a B!uf!" Point on the South Side, with thiec Jow Iflanus off it, and a low Point at the Back of it, that bore S. by E. by Com- pafs from us, and a low Hoping Point, that bore S. by W. with that Opening to us. The Land ran from the S. by W. to the N. W. a high moun- tainous Land. It ran down with a Bluff Point, and a low Point, at a Imall Di fiance from it j and then ran up to a very high mountainous Land, and round again to the high bluff Point. There ap- pearing to me from the high Land I was upon. It being about one Qiiarter FJoxi or more by the Tide tliat came through the Strcights. I faw the Ice break up, and fer round the Point I flood upon with fonic Force, that all the Ice was prtfently in Mo- tion in the Middle of the Channel againfl the Flood, and was almoft clear in the Middle this Morning. It is nine or ten Leagues broad, July lb, 1742. John Rankin. All this is Matter of Facl, for I was with the Lieutenant upon the high Land, and with a Per- Ipci'tive Glafs fet that Opening oppofite to Deer Point by Compafs, and found it to bear as here fee down. The next Time I was upon the faid high Land with the Lieutenant, we faw the Ice clear of the Opening, altho* there was much Ice driving in the Middle of the Channel, but none to inter- rupt the Boat in her PafTage up the Strcights. And I am very fyre the Water was falc as could be a- mong c in he haJ where I cefTity I ral F. cliarg'l Cai fays, defired\ books Part James every U'i tii cf my\ ( '57) nriong fo fnucli Ice, as was in the Streights at that Time, and Inch a Quantity of Snow as was melt- ing up the high Land. All this is true, as we are ready to make Affidavit of, if required, as witnefs my Hand, as well as thofe underwritten, this 2 2d Day of November^ '743* yllexander Morrifon. John ylrmount. Abraham Humble. Witneri Rob. Fijke. John Hewar/., >Midfhipmcn on Board the Pnncefs Royal. Ueut, Rankin's Anpwer to feveral Afpcyfiom caj't upon him by Caft. Middleton. c AFT. MiMeton, in his Account of what [he fays] pais*d between Mr.D and himfeif, endeavours to afperfe Mr. Ranking Charadler, not only by making a Scoff of al. his Journal, Reports, (^c. but bydefccnding to anunprcceCiCntedMeannefs, in doing his Utmoit to make the World have a mean Opinion of his Underflanding, by publifli- ing fome private Letters of the Lieutenant's, which he haa v-ioathed in a wretched kind of Burlefque, wherefore Mr. Rankin thinks himfelf under a Ne- cefllty to vindicate himfelf, by anfwering the feve- ral Falfities, which Captain Middleton has unjullly charg'd him with. Captain Middleton^ in Page 12 of his Vindication, fays, He fent to Mr. Rankin and Mr. Wilfon, and defired them that they would bring their original Log- books with them, which they did, and we paffedmoj} Part of the Day in comparing them with mine, Mr. James .Smith affifting us ; and finding them agree in every Thing of Conjequence, they teftified the fame in IP) ling, and fo did Mr, Smith in the firft blank Leaf of my Journal, Anf ( 'S8 ) Anf, 'Tis true I fign'd with tlit Mailer and Mr. Smith in the Afternoon, but that I brought my log- book is very falfe, as well as what he advances con- cerning my declaring an entire Diflike ioM.v.Dobbsh pracflifing with me ; and what he farther adds of Mr, Dohbs^s endeavouring to majve my Wife be- lieve that Middkton had threutncd to cane me, and perfuading her to influence me to rcvt-nge it one way or other, is a glaring Fahhood. T\\tt Lc^- book, which he has thought fit to print* is mucli altered from that I llgn'd, and differs froui that I took every Day out of the Ship*s Log-book. I find feveral Things in his Log-book that are not in mine, and a great deal in my Log-book that he has kept out, which (hews his uncandid Dealings, Page i^, Captain Middkton fays, That Mr, Wil- fonV Profeffwn of refey^nng Mr. Dobbs*j Proceedings was undoubtedly fincere, as zvi II appear to your Lord- Jhips front his Affidavit j biU I cannot fay the like of my Lieutenant, tho* he meant me honeftly at firft, elfe in a Letter under his own Hand, '•juhich I intnai your I^ordjhips to read, pro-ves him the worfi of Hypocrites ; but the fpccious Promife of a Command in another N. IV. Expedition, appears to have operated upon him^ and foon altered his Conduol. Anf Here Captain Middkton proves himfclf the mod deceitful and worlt of all Hypocrites •, for he fays, the fpecious Promile of a Command foon al- ter'd my Conduct, wliich is like the reft of the Kilflioods he has hatl recourfe ro, to fupport his ConduiH:, (as he calls It) for no fuch Thing was promiled to me except by himfelf •, for during the Voyage he often told me, he would get me a Com- mand as foon as he came home, which was leveral times repeated after our Arrival m the River of ^Thames. I was tiure promifed by liim, that he would get me tiie Command of the Royal Efcape to go upon a Survey with him of the Coaft of Scot^ land. IMr. Log- ; con- Ids of fe be- •, and it one Log- much that 1 I find mine, s kept •. Wil- •eedings r Lord- lih of y?, elfe at your oerites ; her N. huy and fclf the tbr he bon ill- ot the >oit his ijg was ing the a Com- leveral ,iver of that he ]fcape to of Scot" landy ( >59 ) land^ and that he would make it appear it was nc ceflary for two Ships to go upon the Survey, and we fhoukl winter at Shields or Stockton. Captain Middleton alfo promifed that he woukl get me a Purfe of Guineas for my Care in not let- ting the Men trade with the Natives in Iludfori^ Bay. And the Governor there laid to me, he was lure the Company would make me a Prefent worth my accepting. Page 38, lie refers to Logg-hooks and Journals for the Tide running 4 or 5 Allies an Hour., and in the fame Page he recants his former Words which he uled at Churchill^ That a N. /K ff^'ind made the high- efl Tide, and is confirmed by our Journals, May the 25th aid zSth, when he fent three Exprefles to me to get all our Iron, Ballafl: and Cables, on board, to keep the Ship from draining. We had not the Wind at N. W. two Hours upon the Flood, before it proved to be the higheftTide we had that Scafon, and flowed two Foot and a IrTalf above the Ship's Water-line, as the Carpenter wrote to the Captain. His Letters of that Day's Date I have by me. The Tide in two Hours Flood, with the Wind at N. W. flowed above three Foot higher than any Spring- tide I law from the 30th of March to the latter End of May. In Page 43, where he reprefents the Danger of the Ice, and ioofing Lives and Ships, and that he was never able to get to the Fai.'?lory but fix times in ■2 3 Years before the 20th Day of ^ingnjl^ cannot be true ; lor thofe two Years we were there the Hud- fen*?, Bay Ship got to Churchill the 15th of July. He likewife fays, there could be no entering thole Streights before the latter End of Augujt, which ap- pears to me to be a Fallliood, fince Loggbook and Journal (hew that there was no Ice to be Iccn until we p.iifcd Lat. 60". 53'. nor any to hinder our Paf- i'^^^fi. until we were in Lat. 64''. 51'. i He \ «''^ ( i6o) He has put down, in the Logg.book and Jour- nals, that I found it to be Flood-tide when I was at the Low Beach, and that it came from the Eaft* ward, which is falfe, as the Men who were in theBoat with me have teftified under their Hands, and that the Tide had ebbed about two Foot ; neverthelefs it mud be Flood with him, to anfwer his Ends. But why did not Captain Middle ton fend the Boat to that Opening I law off Marble TJland? I told him of it, and gave him a Draught and Soundings of a Cove, when he ordered me to look out for a fafe Place for the Ships, and that Cove, I am fure, is as fafe as the Balbn in Deptford Yard \ he may ob- je<5t that 'tis very narrow, but there is good an- choring between a Imall Ifland and that Cove for ieveral Sliips, and no Wind can hurt them but from the S. E. I can't but take Notice, that I have no Ac- count in the Logg-Book or Journals of any Whales lecn off the River IVager^s Mouth. I had the Watch from 4 in the Morning to 8, and am very iiire chat no Whale was feen by me or any of the Watch to blow. Nor did I hear of any till the Afternoon when I fign'd Captain Middleton's I^ogg- book and Journal, when he afk'd me if I faw any Whales blow off the River's Mouth ? I told him no i he faid he faw one, which has bred two more fince that Time, and in Page 6i) he fays, that Ie- veral V'ere feen Page 70, His faying, that that there was no going higher up^ is falfe ; for there was no Fall but one, and I told him I took it to be the Tide from the Wcilward. We were in a Sound three or four Miles broad between the Illands, and Weft Souther- ly Land, and the '""treightis about 8 or 10 Leagues broad ; there was not one Piece of Ice to be itcw above the high Bluff, as may be feen in the Report pjivcn me by John Armoimt and Alexander Morrijon Quarter- w 13 ^eagues ( i6i ) Quarter-M.ifters, and Abraham Humble BoatAvair.'i Yeoman, and likewilV in their Report about the Opening I fet oppofite to Deer Sound ; they were in the Boat with me, and law the Oj^ening wiJi my Perfpedlivc Giafs, as all of them own, and af- firm that wlicn Captain Middleton lent for them to make Affidavits they retufed to go to him. In Page 74, he fays, Befiles^ if there he no fttch Slreights, i^bena fljouid the ftroni:^ Tide of four Miles an Hour come^ 'njhich we met zvtth there. Surely he forgets the l\rong and rapid Tide we met with ia Lat. 6^'\ id. which broke the Dccp-lea Lead Line, and loll a Lead of 50 Pounds Weight. \\c went in the Boat himfelf, tried the Tide, and told me it How'd 2 Miics 6 Fathom, but artfully let down in the Logg-Book 2 Miles 2 Fathom, tho' all on board took it to run more than 6 IvliLa an Flour. But that ivouhl not anfiver his Eiuis. In Page yp^. Captain Middlcton'*<> Words arc thcfe. Does not this finiD that the PrGJei:ior of the Voya^^e had the Aivantnge of a clandejltne Trade at Hearty as much or wore than the publickUaliiy of a Difcoveyy .^ 'I'his bold AHertion kirprizes mc •, certainly he has forgot thofe who traded with what was not their own. In Page ^y^ Maftcr's AnfwiT, TVe rj^ere carried S. E. U. S. as the Courfe of Land lies by Conipafs from the River's Mouth to-:':jrds Cape Dobbs, un'il tvj Viet the Channel Ebb from the iV. b. S. by Compafs. It is very plain that what Ik- calls the Ebb from the W, b. S. wasaLtujlly the h'lood Tides •, lor the Ice opened and we got over to the Noiih Shore, as is mentioned in the Reports. I'hc Opening I lavv was near the Illand wiUiin the Rivci'i l\Iout!i» and wa') fi:!! of Ice. 11 ( i62 ) secretary CO R B K T T 'j T.etler to Wliliani Moor, late Ccmwamitr of his Majejiy's Pink 1'" ccvery, commaddifig his yinfiuers to cert din ^lueri.s. Sir, AJmiraliy- Office^ D-c. i ^, 174.3. I Am commanded by the Lords Commifi'ic?r.cTS of the Admiralty to fend you inclofed certain Qiie- ries relating to the late-attempted Difcovery ot a North-weil Paffage by Captain Middleton^ in his Majtily's Sloop the Furnace^ accompanied by tlie Difcovery Pink, of which you was Mailer , and I am ordcrM to fignify their Lordfliip's ftrict Di- redlion to you, carefully Vj examine the faid Que- ries, and to make impartial and particular Anfwers to every one of them i and then tranfmit the fame to me, in order to their being laid before their Lordfliijt's. I am, Sir, 2'our humble Servant^ Thoma:- Corbet t. I'o Mr. Moor, Mnfur of the V)\ko\"^vy Pink. ^hc follciving he Iter I reccii'^dfrom Secretary Corbett, together ^vith certnin f^hries anfwered by iVfr. Wil- liam Moor. *' foil " the " do( " fail " it t Sir, Almiralty- Office, Dec. 2^, ^74-3- MR. IFilliayn Moor, hue Mader of the Difco- very P. -, having made his Anfvvcrs to the Queries tr.mfn;. ccd hither in your Letter of the 1 2th Inil.iot, reLiting to tr.e late-attempted Difco- very oF a North- well Paifage, I am commanded by my Lords Commillioners of the Admiralty to ftnd you inciufed a C.'(>py rhrreof, for your Information, arid am. Sir, }\i lours, and we made all ready to anchor •■, but what his Reafon was for not anchoring I cannot telJ, it being then fine, clear Weather, and quite fmooth Water, and coiileqaently would have been of Ser- vice to have tried the Tide there, if Captain Mid' dleton had it la his Power. '* c « tl ** E " ci: Ay Tide Tide fmaJJ but it or t\\ not k « 1 " ligi " heai " hav. " iefsi '* clea " tain " with Anf. only i' that B Wind, I btlievi all that had J lis Q^U E R Y IX. ** How many Knots did the Tide run when *' you was off the Ikad-land, in Lat. 63°. 20'? Whether «( " I] run J Ls iin- boncr :n ne- re we ound. River, ig any .e ml- fearch- to the jt what Welcome. .d call*d ot hoift not pre- for not her you the Ser- mg Co- uc what tell, it Iniooth of Ser- in Mid- in when 13". 20' ? kvhcther (( ( >67) Whether you imagine that Tide fills Hudfon's Str eights and Bay^ or comes from a different Ocean than that which fupplies either or both thofe Places ? Whether it was poffible in your fliort Stay there to know the Flood from the Ebb, cfpecially as you did not come to an An- chor, or fend a Boat afliore ?" Anf I cannot juftly fay how many Knots the Tide runs off that Head-land, altho' I tried the Tide mylelf with the current Logg ; for wc had a fmall Breeze, fo I could not tell, to any Exadlnels ; but it was my Opinion that the Tide ran above t'vo or three Knots, but the Flood from the Ebb I did not know. Q_U E R Y X. " Whether it would not have been the mod e- ligible and proper Method, when you faw Ice a- head of you, to the Northward, in Lat. 64'. to have fearched the Weft Side of the IVclcome^ in " left Northern Latitudes, where the Shores were clear from Ice, and thereby to have got a Cer- tainty of the Height and Direclion of the Tides, with the exadl Time of high and low Water ?'* (( tc cc C( (C It Anf. In my humble Opinion it would have been the only Thing that we could have done to have fearched that Bay, where Scroggs drove into, in a Gale of Wind, and found the Tide to flow 5 Fathoms \ and I believe that Captain Middleton wcuki have fearched all that Shore, from Pf^lMie Cove to IVhaUbone Pointy had his Orders not been firft to double that Point. Q^U E R Y XI. *' How many Knotts did you hiiJ the Tide to *' run in IVagn liivcr at your nrll entering it?'* Aiif. (168) Aiif. The 1'iclc ran above 7 Knots in IVa^cr Ri" ver i for 1 hove the Logg, and the Ship run by it 6 Knots, 4 Fathom, at the fame time Ihc fell a-ftcrn by the Land. Q^ U E R Y XII. " When you, Ciptain Aliddleton^ and the Boat's Crew, went out from Deer Sound into IVa^er RiviT^ how far was you from the Shore, when the Men tailed the Water? In what manner did they talk if, their Opinion of it, and whether you was near the Mid-channel of that River? Whether there wasany Intention to !^o over to the South- well Side, or whether there was any Ice to prevent you r* Ik Anf. When I was in the Boat witli Captain Mid- dkton above Deer Sounds about a Quarter of a Mile troiu the Shore, the Men tafled the Water in their i lands, and faid it was not very liilf. Alter that we puil'd towards the Mid- channel, and got about one Quarter of the Way over, and then turn'd back, and landed on the Kail Side, about two or three Leagues above our Tent. Captain Midd/eion^^ Intentions were to 0:0 over when we left the lent. I believe there was Ice driving with the Tide, but not \'o much as to prevent us going over. Q^U E R Y XIII. *' Whether you was not prefent when the Lieu* " tenant of the Furmce brought three Bottles of *' Water into Captain Middkton's Cabbin, which " he had taken up at three tlifFerent Places, one of *' which was lilled ne;u- a Current or Water-tall; ** p.nd whether Captain Middkton, after having ta- " fled them all, did not declare that Water to be *' falteft, which was taken the farthtfl up the Ki- " ver?" A Furn the ] iiion, /alce( M '/ -<;^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 it i;^ 11^ tmlAi. U ill 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 87^4503 J. i^ w. (/J W If''* ' «i (( ( 170 ) from Baffin^s Bay and Hudfon*s Strait^ of which Jaft Strait your Opinion is defired, whether it " has not been much widened in his Draught, to " what it is in faft, to give Room for a Flood Tide *' through his frozen Strait ?'* Anf, As I was not afhore at Cape Frigid, I can fay no more concerning the frozen Straits, than what Captain Middleton, and the reft that were there told me : But this I know, that there is no fuch ttrong Tides run through between the low Beach and Cape Frigid, altho' confin'd to fuch a narrow PafTage as what mns in Wager River. Q^U E R Y XVII. Whether, after owning in Council, that you had iound ll^rong rapid Tides, broken J^inds, and deep Inlets and Bays, from Lat. 63°. 20'. in your Outward-bound PafTage, you did not ne- gle(ft to try that Part of the Welcome in your Re- turn, tho' it was agreed to fearch it. The Rea- fon why you did not, and whether you was near enough tije Shore to difcern it to be Mainland or Iflands ?" C( tc Anf, The Council that was held in Repulfe Bay, I had not the Opportunity to-be prefent at ; and for any Ncgledt in trying the Tides in our Return to Marble IJland, I know that I had no Opportuni- ty to try it, being obliged to crowd all the Sail we could to keep Company with the Furnace i we were leldom near enough the Shore to difcern whether it was Main-land or IQands. «{ Q^U E R Y XVIII. ** What Sort of a Boat was it that the Northern Indians were put into, when turn'd afhore ? The Boa; tc (( C( C( (C 4( ( 171 ) Boat being had from your Veflbl ; was it tight ? Did they know how to manage it ? Or if they got to the Main-land, was there not the greateft Probability of their falling into the Hands of their mod mortal Enemies the EJkimaux ? '* Anf, The Boat was a very indifferent one ; but it was made as tight as the Carpenter could make it. They knew no more how to manage ir, than what they had (cxn in going in the Boat in JFager River. The Efiimaux undoubtedly are ve- ry numerous there. FINIS.