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COPIES or REPORTS MADE TO THE GOVERNORS AND COUNCILS OF CANADA, NEW BRUNSWICK, AND NEW SOUTH WALES, BY THE EMIGRATION AGENTS OF THOSE COLONIES. Ordered to be printed SOtli March I8t<3. (7L) ( H ) SCHEDULE. No. Piffht Honourable Sir Charles Begot to Lord Stanley. CANADA. Date. Subjict. I'aob 86 Jan 1049 Tranimitting Annual Report of the Clilef Agent of Eniigmtion of the Province of Canada for the Year IMS • -I LIST of EMCLOiuaB* In the Report of the Agent of Emigration. (A.)— Report • • ... . . . . (B.) No. I.— Statement ihowing the Weekly Arrivals of Emigranit it Quebec and Montreal, during the Year 1842. ipecifying the Number of Adulta, Males and Femalei; alio the Male and Female Children under Fourteen and Seven, ai well a* the Number of Voluntary Emigranti, and thoie that received Parochial Aid .... (B.) No. 2.— Return of the Number of Emigrant* Embarked, with the Number of Ueathi and Births during the Voyase and in Quarantine, (bowing the Total Number I^ndeil in the Colony, disimguithing Male* from Females, and Adults fVoni Children, with the Number of Vessels and Average Pusage ...... (B.) No. 9. — Names of Ports from which Emigrants came during thv< Year 1842 - (B.) No. 4.— Comparative Ststement of the Number of Emigrants arrived at Quebec since the Year 1829. inclusive .... .. (B.) No. 5. — Return of the Number of Smigranis admitted at the Quarantine Hoepital from the 1st of May to the Clo«e of the Navigation, 1842 ... . . (B.) No. 6. — Distribution of Emigrants arrived at Quebec in the Year 1842, as near as can be ascertained ..... (B.) No. 7. — The following List shows the Total Number of Paupers «nd others who received the Means to Emigrate during the Year 1842 .... (B.) No. 8.— Abstract of Average Leng'.h of Patsages made by Veuels with Emigrants Troni the United Kingdom to Quebec, during the Year 1842 .... (B.) No. 9. — Extracu from the several Weekly Reports made to the tiovernor-General by the Chief Agent for Emigrants at Quebec ..... (B.) No. 10. — Letter from Emigration Agent, reporting Loss of the Emigrant Ship "Jane Black" ..... ... (B.) No. 11. — Letter from Emigration Agent, enclosina Affidavit relative to a Breach of Con- tract, sworn to by three Passengers of the Brig ''Lively " • - - (B.) No. 12.— Extract of a Report received from A. B. Hawke, Esq., dated Kingston, 7 December 1842 • - • - .... (C) — Letter from the same, dated 21 December 1842 ..... (D.) — Letter from Medical Superintendent, transmitting Returns relative to sick Emigrants • (E.) — Letter of Emigration Agent, commenting on the above - ... 10 11 II • 12 14 14 is 24 25 26 2H 2. Sir W. M. O. Colebrooke to Lord Stanley. NEW BRUNSWICK. , - so Jan. 1843 Transmiu Reports of the KmigrationAgetit* at St. Joliii's and Fredericton, Province of New Brunswick - - - S3 NEW SOUTH WALES. 3. .Sir George Gippt to Lord 23 May IS42 Transmits Annual lieport of the Kmigration Stanley. Agent at Sydney, New South Wales - 3H LIST of ENCLosuats in Report of the Emigration Agent of .N'ew South Wales : (A.)— Rctuni of the Number of Bounty Inunierants who arrived in the Colony during the Year 1841, with the Total Costs of their Introduction • - . . . i% (B.) — Return of the Native Counties of Bounty Immigrants who arrived in the ('olony in 1841, showing the Number from each County, the Aggregate Number from each ot the Sub- diviiiont of England, .Scotland, and Ireland • . . . ■ • 4<> (C)— Return . I K ,— 1 1 mi l ! > ■ » ■».. ( iil ) (C.)— Rtlurn of th« Agi , Native Countrin, ltcli|{ion, Education, Ac. of the Bounty Immigrantt who arrived in the Ctlony during the Year IH41 • • . . (D.) — Return of the Nun.jer of Deaths and Birihi on hoard Emi(frani Shipi whng ; thowing the Number of each Calling, and the Average Hate of Waget given during the latl Quarter of the Year .... (F.)— A Return nf the Total Number of Immigranti of all Claatei, who arrived in the Colony during the Year 1841 ......... (O.) — A Comparative Hiatcment of the Yearly Amount of Immigration during the levernl Yean, flrom Ut January I8S8 to Sift December 1841 . . . . 46 48 48 49 49 No. Datb. 4. Sir Oeorge Uippa to Lord 80 Sept. 1848 Stanley. SUBJICT. Transmita the Anniml Keport of the Com- mittee of the Legislative Council of New South Wales on tlie Subject of Immi- gration - • • - - 40 LIST of Emclosvmbs, and nf the Appendix to the Report of the Committee on Immigration : Enclosure, No. 1.— Report of the Committee, and Appendix • - • . . 50 (A.)— Return of Persons who arrived at Sydney, in Private Ships, on Bounty, from lit July 1841 to 90lh June 184S ... ... 57 (B.)— Return of Persons who arrived at Port Phillip, in IVivate Ships, on Bounty,*IVom 1st July 1841 10 SOth June 1848 . . ,;H (C.)— Return showing the Amount of Bounty Refused, and the Cause uf such Refusal, during the Year ending SOth June 184i2 • - - - • - 59 (C.a^— Return of the Number of Surgeon* and Offlcrrs of Immigrant Ships, from whom Gratuities have been wholly or parliuHy withheld, during the Period from 1st July 1841 to aoth June 184*2 • - • . • . . - 60 (D.) — Return of the Number of Persons who arrived in the Colony of New South Wales, from 1st July 1841 to SOth June 1842; distinguishing those brought out on Bounty from those who defVayed the Cost of their own Passage • - - - • - 60 (B.) — Extracts from Reports from the Immigration Board - • . .60 (F.)— Return showing the Number of Families, Single Males, and Single Females, who arrived at Sydney, on Bounty, during the Year ending SOth June 1842 ; with the Number received into Barracks at the Expiration of the 1'ime allowed for their Stay on board Ship, and the Number remaining in Barracks on the last Day of each Month . . - • 6H (F. a.)— Maximum Numbers of Immigrants at the Charge of or Employed by Government fur each Month, since July 1841 -• •• ...68 (G.)— Return of the Trades or Callings to which the Bounty Immigrants who arrived between lit July 1841 and SOth June 1842, professed to belong ; snowing the Number of each Calling, and the Average Rate of Wages given > . . . . ■ 7u (H.)— A Return of Crown Lands sold under the Regulations of 1st Auguit 1831, Ac, between lit July 1840 and SOth June 1842 • - ... .71 (ll.a.) — A Return of Town Allotments nold under the Regulations ol' lit August 18St, between 1st July 1840 and SOth June 1842 • - • • ■ - - 71 (H.b.)— Abstract of the Revftnue arising from Crown Lands, from lat January to SOth June 1842 . - - . . . . . -'2 (H.c.)— Abstract of the Revenue arising from Crown Landu, from 1st July to Slit December 1841, being a continuation uf a Return furnished to the Committee on Immigration in July 1841 - - . • - - . .72 (H.d. 1.)— Abstract of the Revenue arising fl-om Crown Lands, from lat July 1841 to SOth June 1842, with the probable Charges thereon during the same Period . -73 (H.d. 2.) — Return of the Revenue arising from the Sale ol Crown I.iindi, and of the Amount faid for Immigration, and for other Services chargeable thereon, for the Period from It January I8S2 to SOth June 1842 : specifying alio the Number of Immigrants brought out at the Public Expense during the same Period - • • • • 7:1 (I.)— Resolution adopted at a Meeting of the Immigration Committee, 1 Itli .August 1842 . 74 (K.) — Circular Letter ad'iressed by tht- Colonial Secrelsiy to Holders of Conditional Bounty Orders .. - - - -•---71' (K.a.) — Return showing Number of Permissions to import Immigrants on Bounty, granted in the several Quarters of Years between that whicn ended 31st December 1837, and the Quarter ended SOth June 1840, which Permissions respectively expired in the several Quarters between that which ended on Slst December ISSUand SOth June 18t'2; shuwinu also what Proportion of those Permissions was acted on, and the Proportion not acted on . - - - • ...74. (L.)— Despatch from Lord Stanley to Governor Sir G. (iipps, respecting Emigration on Bounty Orders -. - • . ... -75 (M.)— Letter from C. J. Latrobe, Esq., to the Clerk of the Council at Sydney, relative to the Demands of the Colonists of Melbourne and the surrounding Districts for Labour - 75 (N.) — Letter from Messrs. Patterson and Lonsdale to C. J. Latrube, Esq., relative to the Demand for Labourers in Melbourne and the surrounding Districts '• - - 77 AS (O.)— Statement ( i» ) Pkf* (0.>— fliaitiiMiil of lh« Poru (Vom •hich VtMcl* MlUd wUh EminrMit Aw Ntw Seulh Walt*, bttwecn lit July IR41 ind 90lh Jun« IN4S i thowlsf lb* Number of BoMntjr Immlgronii, cliMilloii M'coriling la llicir lUligioui Ptrtuaiiona - • . . -79 (P.)— Rtturn • lowing ih* Number, clNuiAmt ■ccnr«lin| to tlitir RtH||io«u PVnuMioni, uf Bouniy InimiRranit lamitti at 8)rdn«y and I'orl Phillip rMpoclively, btiwatn lit July 1841 and cation, the Population, the Extent of Land under Cultivation, and the Number and Description of Live Slock - • • - • - 84 (Z.) — Minutes of Evidence taken before the Immigration Committee • • -85 Enclosure, No. 8.— Resolutions of the Legislative Council ...... I49 Enclosure, No. S. — Speech of His Excellency Sir Ueorgc Gipps, in Council, on Friday 0th September 1848, on the Resolutions propoaed by the Colonial Secretary, in approval of the Report of the Committee on Immigration • • • • • - • -144 Note (A.)— Comparative Statement of the Quantity of Specie in the Colony of New South Wales, in the First Quarter of the Year 1841, and in the Second Quarter of 1848 - • I5f> Return of the Amount of Deposiu in the Banks of the Colony (collectively), during the First Quarter of the Year 1841, and the Second Quarter of 1848 • -1.56 Note (B.)— Return of Land sold in the Colony of New South Wales, in the Years 1838, 1890, and 1840 ........... is: Note(C.)— Rcceipu and Expenditure of the Land Fund of New South Wales, from 1898 to 184g 157 Colonial Offce, Downing Street, 84th .March 1849. lf!^t«tf«^f9>^««(|i!W(V'«l^J^#aMM!Mmll^^ ( 1 ) COPirS OF REPORTS, &c. CANADA. No. 1. (No. 16.) ^ Extracts of a Despatch fVom Governor the Right Honourable Sir Charles Baoot, G.C.B., to Lord Stanlit. Government Homc, Kinnlon, S6tli Juuurjr I84S. I HAVE the honour herewith to transmit the Annual Report of the Chief Agent of Emigration for the past year, together with the Appendix thereto. As these documents only reached me yesterday, I am unable to offer any observations upon the general subjects to which they relate. As a valuable appendix to these Reports, I have the honour to transmit a copy of a communication from Mr. Hawke, which describes the mode of con- ducting the business of his agency, and furnishes valuable information with regard to the expense of forwarding emigrants. 1 further add the Report of the Medical Superintendent at the Grosse Isle Quarantine station, with Mr. Buchanan's Report thereupon, which will complete le view of the emigration transactions of last season. CANADA. No. I. Sir C, B«got to Lord Sl«nle?, 20tli Jin. 1843. Enclosures in No. 1. ■ "■';'-'"'- . . (A.) Offlre of Her M^wtTlt Chief Agent for the Superintendence of Emigration to Csnada, .Sir, Qucbee, SI at December 1842. I HAVE the honour to lay before your Excellency, for the inrormallon of Her Mojetty'i Ciovcriiment, tlie following Report of the emigration to this province during the seaion of 1849. It ia gratifying to me to be enabled to state, that the eipectationt which, nt the date of the taut similar report made to ynur Excellency, I lind found reason to form, have been very fully realised; and that the numlier of emigrants from the United Kingdom to Canada in the year 1848 has exceeded that of any previous year, with the exception, only, ns of 1831 and 1 838. On reference to Puper No. 1. of the Appendix to this Report, it will be found ihnt the total number of emigrants landetl at this port during the post season is 44,374, 014 of them coming within the description of cabin passiengers. A comparison of this aggregate with that ihown by the returns of the year 1841 will present an increase in favour of the past season, amounting to 16,888 persons, 'Hie paper here referred to presents a tabular view of (he immigration of the season, divided into weekly periods. It distinguishes the adultii, the children between 14 and 7 vears of age, and those under seven, as well as the males iiiul females ; and it shows, further, the proportion of the whole who were ascertained to have received parochiol or other assistance, in aid of their removal from the United Kingdom to tliis country. Paper No. 8. of the Appendix is an abstract of the records of this department, and allows the total number of emigrant vessels arrived, with an average of their passages from )H>rt to |Mirt— the number of steerage passengers embarkeil — the deaths in course of the pusixge, and in quarantine — and the number lantled; distinguishing, in every case, the liduit persons, the children between 14 and 7, and those under seven years old; and also the male from the female adults and children. Pnper No. 3. furnishes a list of the sea ports in the United Kingdom, and the Lower Provinces whence the immigrants were received, showing at the some time the number embarked at these p. I Paper Na 4. is a comparative statement of the emigration into this province from the year 1880 to IB42, both mcliisive. The total number arrived within this period of 14 years IS 366,181 ; of whom had sailed — From ports of England and Wales .... 9(i,S24 Ireland .... . 882,415 Scotland - .... 48,484 Nova Scotia and ports on the Continent of Europe 5,018 866,181 I am under the necessity of referring' to o disaster attending the emigration of the early |)art of the season ; ht>t it is subject of sincere gratification to me that the year has closed without loss of life by Khipwrcck, or other casualty, connected with the voyage from Europe. By the violence of a gale niid snow-storm, which occurred when they had reoched the entrance of the St. Lawrence, on the night of 9th-lflth May, two vessels bound for Quebec were strandeard of this ship at the time of her being wrecked was 417; but although the loss of a considerable portion of llii-ir luggage was entailed upon these unfortunate people by the casualty, their lives were pre- served ; they were landetl and placee owing that dit. country has had r(K>Mi to congratulate itself on the occurrence of so C(m)pnratively small a numl)er of casualties, simi- lar to that of the Shamrock's explosion. The horror which was produced by this iiccidetit in all minds brought to reflect on its circumstances, has given rise to a general dis|N)t>ilioii to see steam-engines of all een comparatively ligiitly affected by their sea voyage and cliiiiige <)l climate. Several eas<>s of scvi-ri' sickness on the voyage have occurred, and, as 1 havt- liiul occasion fully to detail, in my wcek'y ie|x)rls, one or two instances of extensive mortality. On the other hand, the favourable passages which a large pro|K>rti(>ii of t!ie passenger-ves.sc Is cx|>crienced, nnd |>nrticn!arly those which arrived in the eiirly part of July, securetl to the passengers a great share of comfort and convenience, und nn almost complete exemption from disease. The deaths at sea in the cinn-se of the season have amounted to 864 ; those in quarentinc to 54; nnd the nunilier of those which occurretl amongst immigrant patients, udinilled into the Marine Hospital of this cily, widiin n short |HMi(Ml irf llieir arrival in the CDUiilry, OS will appear on reference to I'ajx-r No. !). of the Ap|>endix, amounted to 38, nmkin;; a totaluf .t.'iO. Conipored with the aggregate emigration of the season, the proportion of deaths will appear to eunts to 0.12, or considerably less than 1-ninth per cent., showing an improvement in the results of the hospital treatment, even over the year ]84l, and admitting a most favourable comparison with everv previous season. At the Marine Hospital the patients admittetl have been 312, of wliom the cured and conva- lescent amounted to 280; the deaths being ns 10.25 to 100. By a reference to Dr. Dou- glas's abstract of admissions to hospital at Grosse Isle, appended to his report, it will be found that the proportion of cases comprehendeu within the various types of fever has been very large, including almost all the cases of disease affecting adult persons. Amongst children, small-pox and measles appear to have been the most extensively active forms of disease ; and these had, doubtless, been the chief causea of the numerous deaths which occurre» Thin-so. Exile - - - „ Belfast. Springhill - 9f Donegal. Dumfriesshire - », Belfast. Independence - Lont Seaton „ Ditto. 1, Sligo. Dromahuir - - „ Ditto. B a Tht REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. CANADA. No. I. Sir C Bagot to Lord SUitlev, ■26th Jan. 1843. The mattm of eight of Umm vMnb wera Mvmllv coovictad in tli« poMltjr of 8M sMrlina. The ca« in which tiM Uu finir «ianwntM in lh« liM an intWTcd, owins to legal (l^fioiiltiM^ anoounttrad in their proaccution, and which hava been already iully reported to your Exoellwieyi remain vet nndMided. Tin maitcn of the br^ Totieiuiam and L«s the former from Raaa^ the latter from Wnfordi I procared to be fined under the prorindal enactment, which randcrt it penal in the maiter of the veme! to iwnoTe the berthing of hie pamennn previooely to arrival in End. (A.) in No. I. port; and under the mme enactment, i n > matter of the (hip Mountaineer, from _^,____ Liverpool, wat, on broaecution, fined in the turn of A*, currency m each of 86 catcs of removal of the bertning of paawnBen in hit vemel, the amount of theae penalties has been duly accounted fur to the collector of Her Majesty's customs at this port. The master of the Mountaineer was further p r ose cu ted, upon the ehaiges of having issued impure and unwholesome water to his passengers, and of having exacted exorbitant prices 'for the provisiant told by him to them in the course of the voyage t and Uie court, upon the evidence adduced, thoi^t fit to award penalties for eacli iniVaction of the Inw. The Mountaineer wm reported by me on the VTth Aumist as haviiu| landcl he: large number of passengers in tiie worst omidition, from the joint efiecta or disease wnd acarcily of foasnips exhibit improve* ment in their management ; and numerous instances of considerate attention and humane conduct in their commanders hove come under my immediate observation. Among the coses of protection siTorded by the department in my charge to immigrants subjected to wrong on the part of die owners of passenger ships, I h»vr. particularly to notice that of the brig Lively, from Galwny, with 192 passengers. Theae people hod engaged (heir possoges to St. John's, New Brunswick, ond were brought to this port in open violation of their agreement. Immediotely on obtaining a knowledge of the circum" siancef , and ascertaining the correctness of the statements of those interested, I caused the institution of proceedings against the vessel ; and I am required in justice to aiUI, that the master, wlio, it appeared, hod been appointed to llie oommond within a few days only of her soiling, and who was consequently not involvetl in the imposition, showed imniitdiate willingness to indemnify those of tlie passengers who wero contented to remain at this port, and every alacrity in tlie procuring of meons of conveyance for those persevering in iheir originni intention. 1 am happy to be enabled to any, that although cases of this deiicription of fraui* ore known to hove occurred numerously in former years, the penalties to which the parties concerned hove been with some difficulty made liable have had tlie eilect of nearly altogether deterring such attempts; tlie insunce of the Lively being the only one to which I have now to allude. The tiarticulars of this coi > wiii iie foumi in detail with o copy of the aflkiavits upon which I become required to take proceedings, in Paper No. II., page H of the Appendix. The gienerol circumtunces of a very considerable portion of the immigrants of tlie season may be reported to have been such as to secure them from all distress on their passage to this port, as well as from oil difficulty in tlieir progress hence to tlieir sevcrol places of destination. Indeed a reference to the deuils comprehemled in the weekly reports, which 1 hove bod the honour, from time to time, to submit for your Excellency's information, will show that monv persons of extensive properly have renclietl the country, with the intention of becoming settlers or uf estoMishing themselves in Irnde. 'Ilie possengrrs by (he Uloiiile and Forania from Glasgow, the Marquis Wrileslry from Dublin, some f)f those by the Catliarine and die Minstrel from Liverpool, tlie Chieftain from Lome, the Jone Diiffis and Gttsellc from Donegal, brought with them very considerable sums of money, as copitnl for investment, diiefly in land ; and I became aware, in the course sf the season, of numerous instonces of the arrival of families in the possession of extensive wealth. A still larger clots of this year's immigration has consisted in respectable yumcn and mechanics, liaving sums of money in their hands, vcryiiig from 80/. tu 200/. s(eri..ig ; and with these may be properly included tlie higher description of ogricultural labourers, wliose frugality Imd saved, or whose good conduct and character hod procured as aid, sums amply sufficient to meet the necessities arising in the course of their progress, either to land or situations of |K>rmanent employmenl. Uut umler the circumstances of a greatly extemlcd immigration, induced, ur conipclicil, by extreme distress affecting the lower grades of operatives, in al'iiost every description of manufacture in the United Kingdom, it was to be anticipated tlioi jHiviriy would accompany a large proportion of those arriving in Cunoda. A coinnnrn- tivcly snmil expense is involvvJ in the rcmovel of o family from a Urilish |iort to the .shores of the St. I^wrence ; ond the facilities in the provision of passages, and for embarkation, which (lie interest of the owners and charterers of shipping employed in tlie trade of this country leads tlieoi to offer, even to the least intelligent, have, for many years pout, led to Caiinila, rather than any other colony of the empire, o great tliore of (he most dc«(i(u(c of (hose REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. thaw wboM Uwoghtt tend lowarda emigration. So long a* limtler omws iImII operate^ the same result must be experlsnced ; and your Exosllenoy is therafere, doobtlcM^ prapared to learn, that although the province hat been the resort in the coarse of the ijnst season of such a number of immigrantt of property and superior intelligence as oonaidembly to exceed the acoeasiona of the preTious year, the increased number which the returns now trrasmilted show, as the anregate arrivals, may be aHumrd to arisen chiefly, if not alto* Bether, fnim an increase in the numbers of the poorest and most destitute classes. It is on Uiis description of persons that deception may oe most easily practised previously to their embarkation ; and it is these, who from their deficient education, and careless habits, may be permitted, by negligent superintendence, to suiter the most fetally on their voyaoe. Their limited means raray extend to the provision of all that their immigration demands, and it 's to them, and to their wants, therefore, that attention is nMst frequently required to be.paid, as well on their landing at this port, as in their attemptt to reach sources of per- manent subsistence. I regret to say, that of the poorer classes of the year's immigration, a small proportion only Mve been exempt from suffering and privation on their voyage ; and I have reason to know that it has been only througn the assistance aflbrded them by this department, under your Excellency's instructions, ttiat continued distress and discou- ragement have been prevented from attending their course subsequently to arrival ivithin the province. The passengers by the ships Bowling, Wexford, Harper, and Kcnftvwahire, from Glasgow, 946 in numiwr, were of the class of manufiicturing operatives, and having embarketl under circumstances of extreme poverty, had probably evaded the law prescribing the stock of provisions which shall be taken on board for the Quebec voyage; for before the expiration of their passage, in no case exceeding M days, they were already under privation from the exhaustion of their stores; and on arrival here it became necessary to supply them with food tor their immediate support. The brig Pkrciva), from Cork, occupied only 55 days on the voyage to Quebec, yet tlie stores of the passengers, 149 in number, had been some time licfore wlioily exhausted, and the vesst-l compelled to put into Sydney, Cape Breton, for n renewed snpply. The r «engers by the Compton, from Liverpool, in a passage of 63 days, and the Ayr- shire, t. I Newry and Dublin, in 51 days, were likewise short of provisions previously to arrival ; i^ul it is probable that in many cases which, from the natural desire of the parties to conceal their own evasion of the law or their want of economy, did not come so plainly before me, there had been short supplies lakl in for the voyage, and consequent exposure to distress. The opeiation of the New Passenser Act of the Imperial Legislature, I have every confidence will wholly remove the possibility of a recurrence of similar cases; for the clause which enac Jiat tlie ship shall provide and issue a supply of bread, or its substitutes (sufficient alone to obviate want), promises to be found capal)le of enforcement by the iniigraiiort agents at the ports of embarkation, without the practical difficulties that must have been attendant on ewery attempt lo carry out die terms of the former law. Paper No. 8. of the Appendix alfords an abstract return of dia voyages performed by the pusseiiger-ships which have arrived from Britr«h and Irish ports, in tlie St. Lawrence, in the course of the season. It is divided into semi^^nonthly pcrkids, which very plainly show shorter averages for the early portion of the season than for the months of July and August. The vessels sailing after this latter period appear to have had passages equal lo those of ib-> spring ; but as the autumn is the lenst favourable time of the year for (he orrival of the immigrant on these shores, whether his employment or his health be the subject considered, it is between the spring and tloth sections of the province, ^X the distribution of the emigrants of the yenr. It is unnecessary for me to remark, in reference to this statement, that the means of lieing strictly accurate have not existed within my reach ; I may, however, add, (hat I have no reason to doubt the general correctness of all (he returns on which it is founded, or the justness of (he result which it presents. The great liotly of the immigrants, it is gratifyiug to find, have remained inhabitants of the province, and settled in the Western Section ; the numlwr of (hose ascertained to have rcsortetl to the United States, together with an addi(ion (o cover probable defect in the return, being not more than 8,500. On the other hand, nhhough (he immigration which (his country ha« received, through the Unite\r C. Bagot to Lord SlanUr, 26lh Jitn. 1843. End. (A.) in No. I I tioiu had recently received ; and the public worki of the province were, at an early period^ fully iupplicd with experienced Old-countiy labourer* coming from the United Slatee. When tlM proapect of extenaive employmmit, therefore, which had been held forth in the proeecation of the worka of the St. Lawrence Canal, and other provincial undertaking*, wMi, from this circumstance, in great part removed, there was room to apprehend that tome diitrew might be experienced by the immigranii newly arrived by the route of Quebec. This may have been the case to a small extent; but although the wage* of ordinary labourers have suffered a reduction of one^fth to two-Aftli* of their previous average amount ; and although some of the immigrants of the aeasoA may have remained fur a cunsiderable period unemployed, the very great abundance of provisions and necessaries of all kinds and the unprecedenily low prices which they have borne in every pert of llie province, have maintained the employed in circumstances quite equal to those of former yean, nflPording superior wngvs, and very generally relieved those not supplied with situations uf profit, from every apprehension of want It is to the reduction experienced in the labuitrer's demands, and the moderate rates of all agricultural produce also, that I attribute tlie circumstance of comparatively few existing cases of dutreas among emigrants, 2ven a: the present tr}ing time of the year. From reports which reach roe from all paru of the province, I have reason to think that few of the industriously disposed of the population remain without employment ; and that none who have proceeded to the country districts can want the means of support. Paper Na 7. of the Appendix contains an abstract of my weekly reports, made up with a view to show the number of immigrants whose removal to this country has taken place through the intervention of parisli authorities in England, or by the aid of landlords and charitable societies in Ireland and Scotland. Of these 831 persons, as shown by the abstract, received, under my inspection, the amount of aid promised to be furnished them on landing in this country, vis. 1^ sterling for each adult, and for children in proportion. The remainder of the families brought within this classification appeared, to the i>xt«nt of the greater number, to have received, on departure from Great Britain, some assistance in addition to the cost of their passage and provisions. Hut the best information 1 could obtain lef\ it doubtful whether theic were not many who had received nothing beyond thu means of transport to this place. The .Scottish immigrants included in the list, are those already alluded tu as constituting two or three societies for the purpose of mutual relief. These societies had received some aid from cliaritably disposed persons in Scotland ; yet with this and their joint means, the members were landed under circumstances of much distress; and having literally nothing that coultl be converted into means of support, were necessarily early claimants for relief from this department. I may refer, for a detailed account of the situation of these parties severally, at the lime of tlieir arrival, to the weekly reports furnuhed throughout the season. The provincial law imposing a duty of A*, currency on each adult immigrant arriving in this province, came into force on the 1st Ma: :h last. The amount rcceive«l under this enactment, at the ports of Montreal and Que'oec, appears from the returns of the customs department, to have been 8,556/. 15«. lOd. Halifax currency. The grant of the Imperial Lesislutiire, made in the course of its last Seaiioii, for the purpose of affording relief to destuute immigrants on arrival in this country, was 5,000/. sterling; and a further appropriation, by the same authority, has made available, for meeting the expenses of the agencies of the emigrant department, a sum of 1,500/. sterling. These together constitute a sum of 7,282/. 4«. id. Halifax currency, and make the total fund avail- able for the purpose of imniigrnnt superintendence and assistance, in 1848, li,1H9L Oj. Sd Halifax currency. The arrangement wliicli your Excelienc}', on the llih April last, was pleased to direct should be carried into effect respecting the management of the accounts of the emigration cicpartmcnl, and their control by the chief agent, enables me to slate, in a coudenseu form, the result of the operations of the year throughout the entire province, and to bring into unc view th£ total expenses that have been incurred. The expenditure involved in the assistance, through donations of provisions and neces- saries, and the transport inland of the more tiestitute classes of the year's immigration, has amounted, in the aggregate, to ll.SIOil lis. 2d. currency. This sum, liowever, includes nlso nil the expenses of the me^iical care of such immigrants as may have required it in every p;irt of the province, exclusive of Quelicc. Itie amount rxpemlcd in tlie purchase of provisions supplied at all the points at whicli agencies exist, is 1,785/. 7t. td.; the amount paid for transport, chiefly on the main line of interior communication, has lieen 8,434/. Is. 3d.; und the charges for mcdic.-il assistance Iwve been 1,151/. 5«. M. In the course of the past season have been erected varioiu buildings for the lodging of iifwiy-arrive'l immigrants, and as liospitals fur the sick, at Montreal, Kingston, and Toronto, involving a contingent ex|)ensc amounting to 78S/L 5s. I !f this increased cxpendiliirr. Mot REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. Not only hu the immigration or the preaent exoeedisd that of the put leaion bv upwanh of one-half, but the number of cases in which the agents of the department have been compelled to admit clnims for relief, has extended very much beyond the proportion which all former experience could have anticioated. Tliere have been forwarded from tnis port to Montreal, and the intermediate places of debarkation, at the charge of the emigrant fund, 9,802 persons ; 13,880 have been fur> nished with passages upwards, from Montreal to Bytown and Kinfiston ; 8,766 from Kingston to Toronto^ Hamilton, and other places on Lake Ontario ; while 0,837 have been j conveyed from one intermediate point to another; upwards of 1,800 persons have received the advantage of medical attendance at the different agencies ; and lastly, the aggregate of the applications for relief from temporary distress, admitted by the agenU of the department within their several districts, are found to amount to 46,010. Following an abstract of the expenditure of the past year, I may properly offer such suggestions as I may have it in my power to furnish, with reference to the prospects of the ensuing season's immigration, and the contingencies connected with it, against which it appears necessary to provide. The state of the lower classes of the population of the United Kingdom has continued to be exceedingly depressed ; and although ot the present moment somewhat more extensive employment may be offered them, a general redundancy of labour seems to afford to the most industriously disposed operatives, slight prospects only of future permanent improve- ment in their condition. The consequence will doubtless be a continued universal dispo- sition to emii^rate ; and when it is reflectetl that this colony has been widely published as the field of certain success in settlement, and that its circumstances render it easily and inexpensively accessible, there is no reason to doubt that an extensive immigration of the poorer and worst provided chisses will take place in the ensuing season, 'fhe enact- ments of the new Passenger Bill, inasmuch as they tend in some degree to increase the expenve of the outward passage, and the depression in the timlwr trade of this country, which threatens still further to reduce the number of vessels resorting to the port of Quebec, may be foinid to interrupt the plans of those whose means are of the most limited extent ; but, on the other Iwnd, tlie discouragement which is offered to emigration to the United States, will turn additional numbers towaitis this country ; and although tlie charge for passage may become slightly increased, the low price of every description of provision will proboiily make the total expense of removal no greater than it has been hitherto. I am led, therefore, to anticipate that the next season's immigraiion will equal or exceed that of the last; and that the lower and more destitute class will bear even a larger pro- portion to the whole. As it is this description of persons that entail the largest amount of expenditure in their nssir'^nce, and as I am unuble at present to discover room for the practice of stricter economy in the application of the relief fund to this purpose, the estimate of the amount likely to be requirea in the course of the ensuing year, under arrangements similar to those hitherto in force, must be based, I conceive, upon the past season's expenditure: this amounted to 13,7644. lis. lit/.; and being les!iened by the amount of disbursement incurred in the employment of a steamer, in the case of the wreck of a passenger-ship (a contingency which, from the circumstance of a properly constructed sea-going boat l)eing now mninlained at this port, can scarcely recur), iiOU/., and by the difference between the cost of the permanent buildings erected in 1842, 782^ 5s. lid, and the estimate for necessary repairs in the ensuing seoson, 182^ 5«. lid, 600/,, will show a sum of about 12,660/., Halifax currency, which I would respectfully submit to your Excellency's con- sideration US the expense to which this depnrtmciit mny be subjecteil up to the close of 1843. 'llie cniigrn".: um, which, under the continued operation of the Act, may lie expected to be collcctetl in the course of the season, must bear a similar proportion to the numbers of the iinnilgration, as hitherto. If this resource, therefore, be set down at a probable amount of M,500/., tliere will remain a sum of about 4,000iL unprovided for ; and ai the balance remaining of the last year's approprintion is comparatively trifling, while there is reason to feur that the estimuteil llmils of the next season's liabilities may prove to have l)een 100 much curtailed, I am led to hope that the grant of the Imperial Legislature, which will tie ninde in lieu of the payments originally contemplated in the pasMige of the Emigrant Tax Bill, will not be less thiin the amount voted last year, viz. 5,000/. sterling. I am indebted to Her Majesty's Consul at New York for the means inigration ftom the United States The porta of Philadelphia and Bostoo, at well aa rariout othart oa the Atlantic coait, have poMb^ been the pointi of departure of a further latgi number of penona; and, ai I liave had occaaion to Mate ehewhere, fhe number* who have prooaedail to Canadai either immediately on arrival at the Amrncan port, or rfter a reridenoe of a greater or len duration, have equalled thoee ahown to have aaiied from New York. Even from Michigan. Illinois, and other hitherto moet bvoored aectiona, the return of Britiah actdera to the weatern diitrictt of the province, haa been of extenaive oocvnvnce ; and it ia not to be won* derad at, that while the native American aettler ia the anflercr fmm redundant production, he ahould lay himaelf open to the charge of evincing an inimical feeling to thoae of foreign origin who crowd on hia (botatepa. In approaching the cloae of thia report, I feel called upon to allude to the proepecta whicii the province aeema to afford to the emigrant from the United Kingdom who ahall resort to It m the oourae of the ensuing season. I have already offered to your KKceilcncy the conaiderationa under which I have wen led to anticipate the arrival of many ill iMtivided and even deatitute peraona, the aaaiatanoe and direction of whom muat involve eonaiderable expense, and demand (he utmost exertiona of thia departBMnt. llie proniae of employ- ment for (hia class is, I regret to say, by no meant ex(ended since the ckiae of the latt year. The influx of labouring emigranU from the United Statet, owina to the utter impotaibillty of procuring employment there, has continued up to a late period, and the public worka in prngreaa remain aupplied, to a great extent, from thia aouree, and by labourer* already residents of (he country. The rates of wages cundnue deprmaed, even beyond (he pro* portion generally admi((ed in (he win(er aeaaon. Bu( I have reaaon (o think, that although apeculative under(aklng* are, and muat condnne (o be, plainly diaoouraged by (he aUeied Gircuins(ance« of (he coun(ry ; and although the point to which the enlerpriae and activity of (lie commercial in(eres(* Imvc forced (heir operationa cannot be for (he presen( advanced, there is no groumi for apprehending (liat (here will not be employment, to a considerable extent, open to labourers of all desaipUons, nor any room to fear (ha( (he reduction in their wage* will be such as in anr degree to curtail their comforts. It ia probable, indeed, that M soon as the eatablishment of the necessary new rebtions between its varioua intereats ahall \k |ierccptlble, the country will evince a renewed induatrial energy, and discover ye( unattcinptcd objects of enterpriac. In aucfa case, tlie demand for labour may extend ao fnr aa materially to increase the rate* of wages, or even (o mtora them (o tbeir former limits. In the meantime, as I have already explained, the labourer i* now, notwidwtanding hi* dlininishcme small resources, and who are accordingly in a condition to support temporary yineni on the roads or canals of the province, funds have been saved for (liis purpose, or depa*i(ed in die savings hanks. But 1 am rrquireil {lointedly to remark, (hat it is manual labour chiefly which, in this countri', obtains sufivrior reniuneriidon. There are tome dracripiion* of persons who cannot benefit themselves by rpM>rtiiig to it, at least at the preaent time ; and many, nui&t, in so doing, change their coiMlitioii materially for the wor*e. Active and intelligent mcclmnics, iiuliistriou* farmers, niid farm servants, well-ctmdncteil domestic scrvRiiu, and ablvbodied labourers are tliotc who will ftiul themselves improveil in coiuli* tion by emigraiiun. Ilui clerks niid accountant!', persons aspiring to be factors or overseers, oikI many others indisposed or iiiounipetciit to devote diemselves to bodily labour, expe- ritiicc much distress anil (li*ap|>oiiitn viduals, offer lands for sale on liberal and advantageous terms, and their agencies are establidied at all the principal towns, for the readv reference of persons desirous of pur- chasing. The Crown also offers for sale extensive tracts in both sections of the province ; those in Canada West at 8<. per acre, those in Canada East at 4s. and 6f. per acre, accord- ins to situation. The dwtricu which have been opened by roods of access, and placed under a svstem which offers to each efficient settler a free grant of 60 acres of land, continue to hold out to immigrants of enterprise a further resource on their arrival in this country. The class of the immigrants who possess the means of support for the period which must necessarily intervene between their esuiblishroent and the realiiation of their returns, but who have not perhaps sufficient funds to meet, at the same time, the payment of the price of land, must niul material advantages under these arrangements, which leave their entire resources to be devoted to the purposes of their settlement. Having thus brought before your Excellency every matter connected with this depart- ment which has appeared to be worthy of notice during the past season, I have the honour to conclude by requesting your Excellency will be pleased to transmit this Report to Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, for the infermation of Her Mijesly's Government I have, &C. Tlie Right Hon. Sir C. Bagol, (signed) A. C. Buchanan, &C. &c. &c. Chief Agent. CANADA. No. I. Sir C. Boiot to Lord iiunlav, 26lh Jan. 1843. Buol. (A.) in No. I. (B.) No. 1. The followiag Statsmbnt shows the Weekly Arrival* of EmaiAMTs at Quibec and Momtibal, during the Year 1842, specifying the Number of Adult*. Males and FcmaliM: also the Male and Femais Children under Fourteen and Seven, a* well a* the Number of Voluntary Emigrants, and those that rcceired Parochial Aid. (In this Return the Deaths ou the Voyage and in Uospiul are dedueted.) Encl.(B.)inNo.l. Adnli*. WKEK ENDING From 9th lo SOU) Hajr — SIM le SSUi Majr 4Ui JuiM llih - l«Ui - SMb - Sd July Mh - . 8Sd - . 3IK - IS4 370 407 3A« 999 161 99 19,388 Under 14 Ymt*. 80 958 907 S79 917 168 338 449 71 40 81 56 94 117 83 91 66 14 61 950 987 301 149 153 S97 453 51 39 80 40 81 98 81 77 50 II 9,909 , 9,589 Undtr 7 T**n. 139 480 577 690 875 988 490 674 71 57 197 67 116 136 197 99 78 II 88 486 517 468 995 954 556 709 63 48 114 67 193 149 133 109 7i 10 4,598 4,187 FbroehU Aid. 959 95 119 735 397 308 477 38 63 15 89 60 7 15 Voluo. t»ry. 901 4,645 5,977 4,480 9,460 9,994 5,940 6,710 783 864 699 1,313 1,316 1,103 985 637 147 9,599 41,331 .(•■)•. Cabin PitiMgcri ToTAt • ToMi tMh Wok. 1,159 4,670 5,889 5,915 8,787 9,994 5,548 7,187 891 747 864 699 1,398 1,405 1,163 999 659 147 43,760 614 44,374 Emigrant Department, Qtiebcc, \ 3l»t December 1842. S (71.) A.C. Bi;ciiahav, Chief Agent, 10 BEPORTS RELATING TO EMIO RATION. CANADA. NaT. 8ir C. Bagel M Lord SUnlajr, aSlh 3m. IMS. End. (B.)iiiNu. I. 6 •5 8 r. 3 t- O i 5 X o u o I < J'J Im i I Q U M M n X u M M a I 3 ■*tanj (Suuv I ■"•ms JO "<»<"»N I s i I 8 I fs S S iS S Si n 3 s 9 n 3 i ' Z •3 5i is s « ;« e 3 S CO ) 8 : 3' 5 s A at •a S 5 ^ S i d •4 I P REPORTS toLATINO TO EllIORATION. II (B.) No. 3. Namri of PoRTt (\rom which EMioRANn came during the Yeer 1848, ENGLAND. Aberjitwith liriiiul Uidcford Bridiiiwiitcr CuwM Vowty Fulnioiith Gloucetttr Hull Lnnrion Lirerpuol LMDciiter Ncwcutle Ptdtiow PUroouth Poole Peniitiic* Scirbro' Stockton • St. Irn SwaoMn Varnioulh Cabin piMeng«n IRELAND. UiilljrtlianDon Buliimore Bflfutt Cork Donrgal Dublin tiiilwNjr Killala Larne Liiii«rick Loiiiluiiderrjp Nurobtr from Meh Port. 107 835 142 98 2S8 333 199 94 S78 1,03a fi.823 32 I 1.173 1,207 IS 7 39 101 90 4 24 312 12.191 34 198 4,636 I.87S 871 2,081 409 392 277 4,021 2,200 UlLAMO— CMKHMM/. Newport Naw Rom Nawry Sligo TraUe Waaiport Waxford Watarford Yougbai Cabin paaaengara SCOTLAND. Aberdeen Allua Barwick • Carmarthen Dundee Glaagow Grungenioutli Greenock Leith Stornawajr Thurto Skeye, Isle of Cabin paisengeri LOWER PORTa New Brunawick, Mimmicki, and ports in tlie Gulf of St. Lawrence Cabin |Wtaenger« • - • CANADA. NeTi. Sir C. Begot - to Lord Steolejr, Hiunb.r 28th Jan. 1843. froia —m ___ •^ End. (B.) in No. I. «I4 mi 1,S47 3,807 498 898 344 1,291 34 03 25,532 499 37 S3 39 104 3,707 3 S4« 150 193 442 13 208 6,095 524 32 556 F.niigrani Departoicnt, Quebec, 1 3 1 It Oerembar 1842. J A. C. Ht;CHANAN, Chief Agent. (B.)No.4. CuMPAiATivE Statimkmt of the Number of Emigrants arrired at Quebec lince the Year 1829, inclusive. Plwn of Dtparlurt. IBM. IS90. iSSI. I83S. 1839. 1834. 1835 1836. 1837. 1838. 1839. 1840. 1841. 1849. Toul. Englind and Walo XS6i 6,7B9 10,349 17,181 5,198 6,799 3,067 13,188 5,580 990 1,586 4,567 5,970 19,191 96,334 IreUiid . . .f 9.6 1 4 18,300 ^4,133 88,304 18,013 19,106 7,108 19,590 14,538 1,456 5,113 16,991 18,317 95,532 982,415 S(Oll«nd 9,649 «,450 5,354 5.500 4,196 4.591 9,127 9,394 1,509 (.•47 485 1,144 3,559 6,095 43,424 N«w Brunftwtck and Kova SoolU, and puru oo the Ri»cr 8l. Ijiirmiw ISS 451 484 546 345 339 995 935 174 973 955 338 340 556 4,518 CaiillnraUl |XNrU • - - • - - - 15 ■ • • • 485 • • _ m - - - • 500 . 15,945 rflfeo 50,854 51,746 81,759 30,935 19,597 97.779 91,901 3,966 7,439 99,934 asfise 44,374 366,181 Emigrant Department, Quebec, 1 Slit December 1842. J (710 A. C. Buchanan, Chief Agent. C 2 It REPORTS RELATING TO EIIIORATION. H 1 ; i CANADA. NoTi. (B.) No. A. SirCIUget 10 RiTViiM of Um Number of Emioramti admilMd at tht QuanniiiM Hoipiul from ih« •jShk'!l^lil4!l. lit of Maj to iIm doM of the NiTigatioo 184S. Baol.(B.)inNo.l. Mm Women CMMrea } AteiHoL 4W 494 54 EMioRAMTt admitted to the Marine Hoapilal in Qvuic during the tame Peri«.-<. Mm • • . ■ •% Women I Children . . . . J Atmiuut. 313 280 DM. 32 Emigrant Depertmeni, Quebec. 1 3ltlDceemb*r 1842. J A. CBVCHAKAM, Cliief Agent. (B.) No. 6. DiiTMiuTioM of Emiommtc arrived at Qdbmc in the Year 1848, ai near ai can be aacertained. »1 C*«AOA, Eait; City and district of Quebec • • . . . Dittrict of Three Riven end St. Prancit, Ineluding the caitern lownehipt CiiT and district of Montreal, ioeludiog Beeabamois, St. Aodrewe, and GrenTille - • • -• • •• Cakada, WiiT : Ottawa and Batbunt districts, and along tbe line of the Rideais Caaal, including Bytown - • ... Tbe Eastern and Johnstown dbtricts, and abng the route of the Si. Lawrence ........ Tbe Midknd, Victoria and Prince Edward's bland districts, and up the Bay of Quiote, and in the ricinitv of Kinplon ... Landed at Cubourg, Port Ho|>e, M^ndsor, &riiagton, and settled in tbe Newcastle dittrict ...... Landed at Toronto, and settled in the Home and Oore Districts Niagara districr, including St. Catherine's and along the Wclland Canal The Huron tract and in the London district ... Went to New Brunswick and Prince Edward's IsUnd, and to ports of the tiulf of the St. Lawrence Supposed to have gone to tbe United States ... Ketunied to the United Kingdom • . • . Diatribuiioo unknown • ■ « * . T4b Emigrant Departoacnt. Quebec, l 3ltt December 1843. J A.C.BucaAHA«, Chief Agenu REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. It (D.) No. 7. Tut following LiiT ihowi tht Total Numsbr of Paopkm aiKl othcn who rwiivad the Meant to emigrata during the Year IMS. Wbttt Aam. Dal* of Arrivd. EoglWi. Irfak. ...Ma. VawliNHM. FMrU. Conmlfc •iMMTh PirWi «i4l>rifMt ruMh. UmHoidi udPrival* PlUMk MMlotlMT fuadfi. JohD B«ll New Roea • Ilthllay • • 19 ,^ Tuueabiin • Ditto 2(hh — • aa 30 ... Prince George • London 30th — 319 — — — Belle Pwidow • 34th — 19 — — EdwenI • • . I'iymoutb . 38th — — — Viitorie Fowey 301 b — 14 — — R.Ad«Uide Ditto 39ili ~- — — Plymouth 39th — 16 — — EmnMnud Briatol . 3 lac — 19 — -. Lord CenMrbury Ditto • 2d June 54 — — Bowlin 01- )gow • «th — ■ ■ - 130 Harper > • • Ditto • 9tli — ■ * • • 39 Rciirrewthire • Ditto lOih — • • • 568 Voluna Paditow • 7th — 8 — . — Uryen Abbi - Limerick • 12th — a m 104 — Irrine • • • Briatol I6ih — 32 '— — PuMy Hill - Cowea • ISth — 171 — — — Minttnil Liverpool • I0ih — 30 — — Dependent • Bridgwater • 37th — 53 — — — Ajrrtbire Newrv and Dublin 30th — • * 02 — Orbit London • Itt July 194 — — — Travrller • Dublin Sth — - 51 — Sapphire Limerirk - 5th — - 43 — Arcturui • London 5th — 48 — — — Weiford Olatgowft Greenock 6th — ■ • • * ISO Independence • Belfaat - 6tb — • • 158 — Hope - Limerick 9tb — - 47 — Jofeph Oreeo • TburK • 17th — • • • * 38 Mery London 3lit — 12 — — PMStoltll Glasgow 3d Aug. ■ « • 51 £uphroi>jn« Briatol 3Stb — IS — — City of Waierford Liverpool 28ih — 5 — — PrinctM Ro)al Carmarthen • 29th — 4 '- — Sumo • . . London - 3d Sept. 80 — — — Eliza • Ditto 17th — 60 — — — Roieberry • Ditto 26th — 7 _. — — Adelaide • Liverpool • 12th Oct. ■ • 8 — ~ John and Mary • Padttow - I2tb — « • 7 — — 831 248 504 946 ^ ^ CANADA. nTT. sir C. Begot to Lord Sunlev, 2«th Jan. IH43. Toul Emigrant Department, Quebec, : 3lat December 1842. (71.) 2,529 A. C. Buchanan, Chief Agenu cs REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. CANADA. nIT. Sit C. Hagnl 10 Mik Jkn. IM3. (B.) No. 8. Amtkact of AvKBAoc Lbniith of Pamaiibi mada by VmnU wiih KmigranU from iha Unittil Kingilom to Qucaac, during llie Yaar IH4fl. Cncl. (H.)inNa. I. - li UMaTalltag Nmi*w ihotlOTt Lnn|M Artnm Inm Uw UbImI KlHiiMk •rVawh. Vmmt,. ISmt IWp Mirili 98lh toSlit • S 4i &4 4(4 April Itt to lAlh • • • M 33 61 47 April 16th to SOlh 49 40 70 J?J Mtj Ut to l^lh 41 3?ir friend* in Nhiuion, eastern town»hi|n. The John liell and Totlcnhnm iirrivvd from New llots with 480 pauengrn ; these nre chiefly l.ilKiurers anil farmers, many of the former very poor and depending on immetliutc employment lur their support; the farmers generally appear to possras money, and with few exceptions are procectling to their frii-iMis in Canaila West. On my boarding the Tottenluim to inspect the vessel, 1 found tliat the niastcr had rcmovetl nil the berthing and nccommorge from Ix>ndon nre 208 in number, and, with the excels tioi) of 40, are piiu|>ers, sent out under the sanction of the Pour Law Commissioners, chiefly from Kent; tliiy landetl in gixxl health, and received a free tuuHage tu Monlienl, with two doys provinion, and 80s. sterling to cacli adult on lenving tlie ship. They arc, with few exceptions proceeding to their friends in the Newcastle, Home, and tiore districts. Two liimilies, cabin passengers, who are in |x>ss<.Mion of consitleruhle means, i have induced to settle on the Lambion itoad ; they have taken 50 acres each, and intend, tut soon as they have made the retpiisitc improvements, to purchase ii further <|uaiiiity of lund Irom Government. M'eek eiHling 88th May. KmigrantA arrived during the past week all landed in good health, and consi>t of far- iners, mechanics, and labourers ; many of them are in gootl circumstances ; their dastina- tion is principally tu Canada West, some to join their friands, and other* to obtain land or employ menu , , . REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION; 15 Th« fUMnfftn from ih« porit of I'Mblow, Olacicr, 8t. Ivm, Ptjrmouib, Hull, mmI Ab«r< iImii am of lh« \teutt claa of emigmnto, ami all iippMr Ut potMM mMiu i manv of ik«m hava frifnili MitlMi in (iiffcrcni iMiidna of lk« pruvlneaj ami otiwn, particularljr from Fatlttow, are inintn and nMcliankf in warch of tinplovment. Tli<* Iriih vmlgtania wer« not Mnarall^ «> writ on | a coniiiWrabIa number of ikam are «try ptMir ; iIuim with larm familUM wrre aiaiitetl to prixMil to ihair friond*, and whrro thrv would mrat with fmplojrmant. Muny of tlwni are, however, in good circunMlaneea, and have brought out a goiMl ileal of property ; llirir dettinalion ii, with few nxcfptiotin, to llie weeleni part of the province. Among the arrivals lliie week are 4IT iMtnenmn brought up by the ilcamer Lumlwr Meri-hant from the wreck of the thip Jane lllack, from Limerick, ImI on tb« niglit of the Vtli iiwiani lit Point det Monia, 800 mile* ImIuw ihia port) the poor people were encamped for Hi dayi, and on a short allowance of food, before the lUianier readied them t they Mvetl but lillle of their luggage; and many of ihem who left their home* in comtbrtabvi circumiitanctMi loat every thing thev hail. Captain (Wman itairtl that a large number of hii iMMi'MKcD l)roii){lit out a contiderabic amount of mtmry among iliem ; they were i*ro> teslanii, uiul inttfiided lo settle in the western section of the provinre. Owing to the ills- iressed slate in wliiih these people arrivert ; the passengers saved the greater part of their fHi'cis, and were able to delray iheir own expenies from this port. Much credit is due to Captain Simpson for his kind and hiiniaiio conduct to these people during their slay in hi* ship. They slate that several vessels had jNissed previously, but rcfuseil lo lake ihciii off ihu wr<>ck. Captain Simpson supplied them with provision* at his own expense until ihrir arrival at this port. I fined Captain of the I.«o, from WexTord, 5/. for the infringement of the 4th clause of the Froviiiciul Pussciiger Act, which be |Mid to avoid the costs of prosecution ; tliK amount I haiitlvd over lo Mr. Jess4>pp, collector of customs. CANADA. No. I. 8ir t. Uafel in Lord lilanUy, '.'Olb Jsn. |N4:i Kiiei.(H.)lnNu. I. •I Week ending 4lh June. The emigrants arrived during the past week consist of farmers, mechanics, and liibon<'ers, a Inrno portion of whom are in search of employment. There arc however n numlxr of rnmilies in goiMl cirrumstances, who arc with few exceptions proceeding lo Canada Went, where ninny have friends, and others with the intention of Killing. 1 have l>cen umler the necessity of extending relief to a considerable number of families during the past week, owing to the difflcnlly of procuring lalxiur fur them in this section of the province. Among the passengers arrived arc 14 families in the Carlvlon, from (ilasgow ; these people are members of the North Quarter Cilosgow Society ; they landed here in good licallh, but without a shilling in their |H>ckets, and consist of mechanics oiid lalxiurers ; all upiiear anxious and desirous of obtaining employmuni, and as many of them Imvc relations in the upper province, I assisted those with large families to proceed thither. Masons are at present required at the Government works in this city, and mechanics of this class find ready employment ni gooti wages, 5«, per day ; all other description of employ- ment is, I rrgi-et to say, scarce ; this is to be attributeil solely to the depressed slate of iroile, and the small number of vessels arrived lo this date. The timlier coves, which in former years furnished employment to a large number of labourers on their first arrival here, are this season not employing a single man, and lliu number of resident labourers thrown out of cinploynient completely absorb the work which formerly was open to the emigrant. Among the passengers in the Lord Canterbury from llrislol were eiaht families, 54 in numlier, who were assisteeriod there have been but few coses of com- plaint ngninst masters of vessels ; the acconimudntions have been very good, and passengers generally well supplied with provisions. In the ships Bowlin, Harper, and Renfrewshire, from (71.) C4 Ghisgow, If REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. ( ANADA. Glasgow, were 727 pauengcra, mcinlwrs of the (liffercnt emigration locietiet ; these people ' all landed very poor, and owing to tlieir long passage, the average bting 67 days, arrived No. I. here short of provisions; the passengers by the two former ships proceeded direct to vSirC. Bsgot Montreal, ?nd I was under the necessity of furnishing them with a supply of oatmeal and tu biscuit to e.iable them to reach that port. Lord Stanic)-, Those by the Uenfrewsliire landed here, without provisions or the means of paying their Jtiih J«P. 1643. transport up ihe country ; arid as they principally coniiisteil of persons with large families, ~~r for whom employiiicni could not be obtained here, I was under the necessity of assisting the End. (B.) in No. I. ^,.^3,^, portion of them to proceed to the western section of the province; some to join their ~~~~~~ friends, or others in search of employment. I regret to remark that the members of the Glasgow emigration societies arrived hiere both this and last year in a more destitute condition than liny other emigrants from the United Kingdom ; they leave their homes with barely sufficient to pay their passage and to procure '* vranty supply of prciisions; and unless they have a favourable passage, land here in a state of great di»tress. The passengers, al'hough much within the period allowed by law for a voyage to this port, were out of provisioiu some di.vs before their arrival at quarantine. The emigrants from England are from Padntow, Hidefoni, and Alicrystwith ; they are all able to pay their way to tlieir destinations, and many of them have brought out a good deal of phoney. Tney all emigrated on their own account, with the exception of one family, eight in number, sent out in the Voluna from I'adstow, by parish relief. A number of families hnve landed during the week, with the intention of proceeiling to the United States; they have in many instances been sent for by their friends, and all nave a fixed destination in view. 4S : \ Week ending 18th June. The emigrants arrivehi|)s, the rest to Canadc West. One hundred and five |>assengers arrived in the Queen of the Isles from Glasgow ; are mechanics and lalwurers, and all appear to have sufficient means to convey them to their destinations. In the C'atwtia and Minstrel, from Liverpool, are 408 piiss<-ngers ; a few English farmers have brought out goo*! menus with ihcni ; the chief part iirc labourers, and a few mechanics, who are proceeiling to difTerent sections uf the province to their friends. The latter vessel left nine in lii»pital, ami a few of the families wrre short of provisions ; one family, seven in number, and several young men and wtmien were assisted by the iNirish ; about SO of them are gone to their frieiiils in the Uiii'eil Stuli-s. The puhi>engen from H>ill uml llristul, 102 in number, pre ail in good circumstances, among whimi are several furniers with capital. Ill ihe Irvine, from Bristol, were four ruiiiiiies, 32 in numl>er, sent out by their parish ; 171 p.'issengers in the I'usey Ilalj, from l^iiidoii and Cowes, were M'lit out under the sanc- tion of llie Poor Law C'oniniissioiiers. They were well supplieil iluring the voyage, and llie sum of WaL 10s. sterling was paid to then) on landing, with a free piuisagu to Montreal. Two luimlred and forty-lour pusseiigers in the brigs Samuel and Hannah, from Killala, are very poor; tliey all taiidetl in gotnl lieallh. A nunilK-r of the young men 1 Imvedirerted to llie Oosford Uuad fur etnploynieiit, and those with families I auisted to proceed ur> •!;» country. The |>ttwiengen. in the brig I'ercival, I4i> in nunilM>r, were .'>5 days on ihe voyage ; they Wert short of provisiiMis, niul obligeil to put into .Sydniy fur a supply. Tliosc from Scar Ixirough are re.-.|Hftal)le farmers, and all up|M.-ar to |x>si,e*s means. In the Onyx, from Duliliii, are a nuniljer of re<>[)eclHble furr-iers wiili money, llie remain- der are labourers and niieiianics proceeding to dillereiit sections of t'e province ; 13 of her poksengers were left at Cirosse Isle. In the (hiefUiin, from Lome, with 261 passengers there are -i veral farmers with their families, who huvc- brought mil capital, varying from 200/. to «00(. ; they are proceeding to settle in Conatla West. Tlie leinainder aie lariii servunts and labourers, who have emigrated in search of einpli>yment, I regret to say that em|>loymenl continues very scarce, l>oth in this neighbourhood and in Montreal ; and Irom rejxiris received from Mr. Iluwke, 1 regret to find Uie Mime complaint exists in that quarter, and wdl I fear continue so until ilie Iwrvesl commences. lil REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 17 Week ending 85th June. CANADA. No. I. Sir C. B«got to Lord Stanley, 'Jfith Jan. 1843. The emigrnntt arrived during the past week have landed, with the exception ofthoM in a few ve«ael«, in good health, and among them are a considerable number of respectable families with capital. In the Gazelle and June Duffis, from Donegal, are 470 passengers, among whom arc a number of respectable farmers, who have brought out a large amount of property ; the capital in these two vessels (from the information I have been able to collect) amounts to from 8,000/. to 10,000/. 'I heir destination is Canada West, principally to the Home and End. (B.) in Nu. I. Gore districts. The Hunry, from Killnlu, with 148 passengers, arrived in good heolth ; a few families are in guoiirers; a numl>e'- arc going to their friends in the Unitcil States, and utla'i-s are in search of employment. Ill the brig Ann M(Hire, from Limerick, were 182 piissengers. There was, I regret to say, a great deal of sickness in this vessel ; she left ,^t9 of her passengers at Grosse Isle, 37 of whom were sent to hospital. A passenger by this vessel, named Patrick Qnincey, jumped overlxjnrd diiriii;^ the night while the ship was at anchor at Grosse Isle, and was drowned, leav'iig a wife and eight children, who were sent to hospital with fever: he has left 40 sovereigns in gohl, which were taken charge of by the medical superintendent until his wife recovers. The passengers in the Prince of 'Vales, 103 in number, from Gidway, landed in gooerfi('ial space between decks ' fouiul slic had only space for Idii adults whereas she had IHOj on board, being an excess of 1.")^ paswiigers ; the iieciiwary iiif.>rniatioii was iiiimnliati'ly plac<-d in the hands of the Crown officer, to prostculc the master for the iiifringemt'iit of the second clause of the Imperial 1'a.ssengers .\ct. The dreadful condition in which this vcssij arrived may in a great inensuro, in my opinion, he attribtUed to the crowdt'd state of the vi-ssci, and to her having a cargo of salt in the lower liohl, which was 'iill up to the platform which the passengers occupieil. One hundred and ninety-foar passengers in tiie Orbit from Londiin and (iravesentl. were sent out under the direction and siiperiiitcndeiice of lliu I'oor I-iiw Commissioners; there were (ive dt atlis dii the voyage, tine an old man, the others chiidnn, and left a liuml>er o( cases at (irosse Isle: these |)eople were fiiruardid to Montreal at liie ship's exiH-nse, and received 2«». slerlin-^ eaeh iidiill o-i landing here. The passengers in the Kmli, from Cork, antl Jane fnmi Tralee, are chiefly lahoiirei-s and widi very limited inenns ; a large nuiiilH-r in the Itiith »»ire very desliinte, and as eniplov- nient in llii.4 district is very liiuiled, I had to forward a coiisidiruble luimber of thcin up the country. 'i wo huiidre«l and fifty-three passengers in the Devereux, Ironi Liver|Miol, and 18(1 in the Mary Alice, from New|H)rl, Ireiaiui, are very jHKtr, and prineipuiiy de|M-ii(iing on einplov- lenl for their siipport. Notwithstanding the nassige to Montreal is only Is :W, each, nieni . iNotwitlistaniling tlie passige to .Moi itv of forwardinu a very farire proiMirtioi 1 wiu under the nrcesiiity of forwarding a very large pro|>.-<^' with employment. Those wlio arrived here in ihu most distress, were 35 families, 156 perwns in the ship Independence, from Belfast; and 22 families, ISO persons, in the Wexford, from Glasgow; these fumiiii-s hnil formed tlivmselves into societies, and collected subscriptions, which barely enalilcd tlieni to procure a possiige and provisions for the voyage, and arrived here destitute of both money and provisions. I whs under the necessity of giving these people a supply of provision?, nnd forwarded them up to the country, there being no employment available lor them in this district. The other emigrants who received assistance to emigrate were from Dublin and Limerick, 18i in numl)er; tlity all ri'ceived a sum of money on landing here to enable them to pro- ceed to llifir friends, and were also well supplied during the voyage; those from Limerick are mostly Colonel Wyndlmm's tcniintry ; they are proceeding to their friends in the Newcastlu district; 1 families, 48 in number, in the Arcturus, are paupers sent out by their parishes, under tlie superintendence of the Poor Law Commis.sioners ; they all received sufficient means to carry them to their destinations. A cnso of grns.s infringement of the Imperial Passenger Act occurred this week in the brig Lively, Captain , from Gulway, with 192 p.issengers ; about 130 of these people state that they had engaged their passage with Mr. , in this vessel, to proceed to iSt. .'<)lin's. New Brunswick ; but, contrary to their ogreement, they were brougnt to this port. 1 immediately took ;iroceedinus aguinjt Captain to oblige him to fulfil the contract between these |)eople and Mr. , which he, to avoid pr'osecution, im- mediately complied with, and furnished those who were desirous of proceeding to St. John's wid: a conveyance, there being fortunately a schooner about to sail for that port ; a report of the particulars of the case, with the affidavits of the passengers, I forward sepa- rate. It is but justice to the master to state that he appears in no way to blame, ha\'ig joined the vcs.sel only a few days previous to her sailing, and he used every exertion to remedy the evil on arrival here. I have also had occasion to place information in the hands of the C'l own officer to prosecute the following vessels for the infringement of the Imperial Act, in not having sufficient superficial space for the accommodation of their passcn;;ers; viz. the Jane Melvaiii, from Ltmdonderry ; Inde|)endence, from Belfast; Lord ijeaton and Dromaliuir, fioin Sligo; Bruce, from Newport, and the Lively, from r' - Oalwny ; llie Harmony, from Watcrford ; the Britannia and Warrior, from Westport, were fined by the collector of customs for uii excess of passengers over their tonnage ; these vessels have each iiaid the penalty. There are still, 1 regret to say, n good inuiiy hands unemployed at the different agencies t'iroughout the province, but as the harvest is now approaching, I anticipate but little diffi- culty ill being aliiu to dispose of them all to advantage. Mr. Mawke ruport.s, that the crops look most promising, and thiit throughout Canada West there is every appearance of a l>ountil'ul harvest ; this in connexion with the large additional number of hands which will shortly be ri'(|iiired on (he St. Lawrence improvements in this section of the province, will more lliaii aUsurti those at present seeking employment, and also furnish il for those who may arrive. Week ending 23d July. Thf! nnigrniiis orrived during the post week all landed in gooti health, and consist of mechanics. furnier>--, aiul a few lalioiirers, generally in gootl circumstances. The passengers per tlic Amazon, from Hull, consist of eight families and a few young men, chiefly ineelianics, the greater part of them intend proceeding to join their friends settled ill the slate of Oliio, and all ap|H-ar to possess gixxl means. Two families, farmert, are procceilinsi to settle in the iieighlMuuhood of Toronto. One hundred and seventy-seven pas-sengers in the Kxile from Belfast, are a respectable looking people, chiefly farmers; a considerable number of them have their friends in the western set. ion of the province; this vessel hud an excess of 18 passengers over her complement, occording to the superficial measurement of her passengers' deck, and I have token the necessary proceedings against the inoster to enforce the penalty. The barque .Joseph Green arrived from Thurso with 239 passengers, who landed in good health; this vessel also had un excess of 261- passengers over her cotnplement, according to measurement, particulars of which I have placed in the hanils of the Crown officer for prosecution. These |)eople arc, with the exception of a few families, all in good circumstances, and able to pay tlicir way to their destinations, which are to the Oathurst, Home, and Gore (71.) D 2 districte, REPORTS RELA'iiNO TO EMlGRATIOff. (ANADA. No. I. Sir C. Bagot to Lord Sunlny, 26tli .)»n. 1843. Encl.(B.)inNo. I ^1 tlittrictt. The 108 patsensere in the brig Truant, from Sli^, are a healthy let of people, and contiit of farmen and labourer*, many of whom have friends in the western part of the province. Thi* veMel waa ascertained, on checking her list of passangen, to have an excess uf lOf odults over lier complement, according to tonnage, for which excew the master wos fined in the penally of 90/. sterling, although, according to the extent of lier superficial space, she migiit have carried from 18 to 14 poaoengers more. Passengers per the Coris- brooke, from Liverpool, and Baltic, fn>m Yarmouth, ar- chiefly farmers and labourers ; soma respectable families in the former vessel are proceeding to settle in the eastern townships. I am happy to report that during the post month I have succeeded in directing a very coiiMderabie number of families to that section of the province ; and, by the reports I have since receivetl, they liovc all succeetled in getting employment, with the exception of some few young men, who were disuttisfied with the wages oftared, via. 2«. per day, with board. The following extract of a report received from A. B. Hawke, Esq., cnief agent for Canada West, dated 20th instant, con/eys most gratifying intelligence of the increased demand for labourers, and that the number of the unemployed, which 1 have had occasion to allude to in my former Reportx, ure rapidly decreasing : — "The accounts which I have received fram Cobourg, Toronto, and Hamilton, since I wrote you lost, state that the near approach of harvest has increased the demand for labour, and that the number of unemployed mrsons was rapidly diminishing ; but few emigranu so far have obtained employment on the public words. When we consider how few canal labourers settle and become good farmers, it is a subject of congratulation that so many have found employment in the rural districts; and unless we have a very extensive emigrn- tion late this fall, there is every prospect that all the immigrants will be comforlably settled before the winter sets in." In the schooner Defiance, from Miramichi, were 108 passengers, 10 of whom landed there this season ; the others were old residents, chiefly farmers and labourers. Employment being very scarce, they have come on here seeking ii. The greater part intend proceeding up the countr)'. • Week ending 6th August. The emigranis arrived at this port since the 24th ultimo consist chiefly of farmen and labourers, and all Inndetl in good health. In the Troubadour, from Glasgow, were 224 passensers, consisting of farmers and me- chanics, many of whom are in gcod circumstances. Tnev are all proceeding to the western section of the province to settle, where many of them have friends. They proceeded to Montreal in the vessel. One hundred and thirty-three passengers in the St. Andrew, from Stornaway, are principally Inlmurers and a few farmers, anil all very poor. They all intend settling in the eastern townships, in Hurry and Linwick. Their means being »ery limited, I was under the necessity of assisting them with a conveyance for the women and children AS far as Sherbrook. In the Mnrcarct Balfour, from Belfast, were some very respectable emigrants, with good means; (hey nil went to the western section of the province for settlement and employ- ment. Two families, 12 in number, in the Mary, from London, are proceeding to their relatives at Guclph ; they were assisted to emigrate by their parish. I'uo other emigrants by this vessel appear in comfortable circumstances, aner day. 1 find great ilitliculty in inducing any of tliur the voyage. The passengers per tiie Koval Bride, from Dundee, are rcs|)eet- " ' able ''^rms»3^ REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. «1 able farman, and all have friends and relntivet wtlled in the province ; they all appear to poMCM means. One hun imw undergoing legal investigation, which when closed wdl be duly reported. A large niiiiiber of these people are procceer, ail landed in good health; among them are man) respectable tarmers, who have brought out capital with them ; a large number have relatives settled in the pro- vince, and they are proceeding to them in the Ikithurst, Johnstown, Home, and London districts. Kniployinent of nil kiiulu is now very difficult to be obtained in the neighbourhoo3 days. Owing to their ioiii; [wssage and detention at Helfust, their supply of provisions ran short, and they wfro undi-r the necessity of purchasing from ihc master, and conse- quently many landed here vtry |, hji-, and unable to pay llieir passage up the country to their fiiends ; I was llu-rjfore olili^'vtl to extend relief to upwards of 00 fai. ilics. The pss- seofjcrs per Marjjaret Wilkie, tui.n Greenock, 111 in mnntier, are res|H-ctul)le farmers, and all appear to |>ossess nu-ans; liicy, with the exception of thrre young men who are going to Cape Hretoii, ail procetilfd ilirecl to Montreal in the vessel, on their route to the western sectioi\ r.C tint province. The Knglish emigrants from Padstow, Hull, and I'lymouth, are all in g(HHl circunislanccs, and, with the exception of two families going to Ohio, arc all proceeding to settle in Canada NN'est, principally in the Newcastle, Home, and Gore Disnicls. In the Kliza were CO psissengers sent out by their res[>ecti»e parishes ; they were well supplied during the voya^je, and each adult received 20«. sterling on landing here. The pavsengers in the Moha»k, from Glasgow, are all r»|H-ctuble farmers; they intend Milling in the neiglilM)Uili- ceeding to join llieir friends in Cunadu West. This vessel landed 350 passengers at Sydney. REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 88 Week ending Iftth Ootolier. Nothing wortliv of remnrk hm occurred during this poit fortnight > the arrival of emt grants hus been limited, and chiefly consist of familieH coming out to join their friends and rejoiioiis airciuly settled in the province ; all landed in gooermit, engaged some Indians (whom he was fortunate enough to meet there, and who were of great service in making fires and assisting the passengers to build their camps) to take him over to the south shore, in oriler to proceed with as little delay as possible for assist- ance. On his route up he endeavoured to procure schooners, but without success ; and, by travelling day and night, he arrived here, as stated above, on the sixth day after the wreck. Immctliiitely on his arrival I took, in connexion with Captain Boxer, the nece&sary steps to send relief to the unfortunate sufferers; and with the sanctio i of the Trinity Board, despatched their yacht, which had arrived only that morning from below, with a supply of provisions; but looking to the uncertainty of the schooner's arrival, and the fatal effects of the delay wlilcli might occur, in the event of her having to beat down to the wreck against one of tliose easterly gales so prevalent at this season ; and considering also the very des- titute and helpless condition of^ the unfortunate sufferers, encamped in the midst of ice and snow, on a (lesolate coast, and by that time without provisions ; 1 deemed it my duty to procure, if possible, the service of a steamer for their relief. 1 applied accordingly, without delay, to the different owners of steamers, for that purpose, and finding that no other could be procured for less than (tOO/., accepted Mr. James M'Keiizie's offer to send his steamer, the Lumber Merchant, with a supply of provisions, to bring up all the passengers fur .500/. A few hours neccssaiily elapsed after this arrange- meiil was conclude«(, and while the steamer was lx:ing provided with the requisite supply of fuel for her unexpected voyage; but at II o'clock on the same night (Monday), I had the satisfarliou to know that she had started for the wnxk, with Captain Gorman on board; and I confidently look for her return to-morrow, if the weather should continue favourable. 1 liAve prepared a building to afford shelter to tliose who may require it, for a few days alter their arrival here ll.iving thus done all that it was iiiciiniliciit on niu to do, for the relief of the unfortunate sulferers it only remains for nie to hope that my conduct will meet with his Excellency's iqiproviil. Nothing, I conceive, but the extreme urgency of the case, could have justified me in incurring the respiiisibility of so great an expenditure ; and I should certainly not have ventured to incur it if the wreck had taken place on an inhabited coast, or under any clrcum- stAiices eiiuliliiig the passengers to await without danger, the more tardy relief to be afforded by sailing vessels. Four stliooiiers woiilil have sufficed to bring them up, and could have been procured for 40/. each ; but, lt>r the reasons aUive slateil, 1 did nut think it prudent to trust to tlieni in the present emergency. '1 he einploymcnt of the Trinity yacht, I may observe, is altogether unattended with ex|M!nse ; and in case of any accident occurring to the steamer, she may prove of essential service to the poor sufferers. When the steamer returns I shall not fail to acquaint you, fur the information of his Excellency, with the result of these measures. I have, \c. T. VV. C. Murdoch, Esq. (signed) A. C. Buchanan, Chief .Secretarv. Chief Agent. (71.) D 4. M REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 1 I CANAO^ No. I. Sir C. Btgot to Lord Stanley, 38lh Jan. 1843. End. (B.) in No. I (B.) No. 11. Sir, RiiiigrBni OAm, QiitlMr, 30th July 1842. I HAVB the honour to endow vou the aflidavit aworn to by three iMuaengcra who arrived here in the brig Lively, , M.aU'r, from Galway, on the Hth inaunt. II will appear Trom the affidaviit of thrae people, whoae autement waa fully oonArmad by the re»t of the paMen((era, that tht y had engMml tlieir puMge with a Mr. , agent for Mr. , ownA of the Lively, for St. Joiin'a, New Ilruiiawick, and were iioliAed to ba in Oalway by a certain day, vi*. 80th uf April, or elie forfeit their depoail ; and iImI the veaael wax ailvertiied to tail for Sl.Jolin\ New Oruiitwick, by hanilbilli and placardi, one of which if attached to the nflklavit. Out of I US iwweni^ens about 130 appear to have engaged their (Nuaiage for St. John'*; and it aim appears that they underatooti the «eiael wouItT call and land them there, and iil\i'rwiirds pr«)cee ■ I'rovince of Canada, " Quebec to wit. Bench, in and fur the ()i.strict of Quebec, in that part of the province of Canada called lA>wer Canada, Kichard Morley, of the purikh of Killimore, in the county of Galway, in that part of the United Kiiigth)m of Circat Britain and Ireland culleil Ireland, sltoemoker ; Thomas I..arkin, of the some place, shocniuker; and Denis Nevin, of the same place, latmurer ; who, being severally duly sworn ii|ium the Holy Evangelists depose ami say that they came passengers in the !>liip or vcKsrl called (he Lively, of which one was and is muster, and which ship or vessel sailed Irum the port uf Ualway, in il.at part of the Unitetl Kingdom of Great Britain luid Ireland ciillcil Ireland, un or abuut the Sti day of June lost, and arrived ut the port uf (JucIm-c^ in the said province uf Canada, un ur uliuut the 7th day uf July Inst. And the said deponents further suy, ihut the suid ship or vessel culled the Lively, lung previous tu her Nailing fi-oni the ix)rt uf Gulway as aforesaid, was advertised as about tu sjiil t'rum the said port o." Ciulway lur the City uf St. Julin's, in the province ol New Brun.swick, un the cuntiiiunt u( Norlfi America, un the lOlh day uf May in the pre- sent year uf uur I.ord iH-t-'^; and that tiumeruus printed notices Kimilar to the prinletl notice liereutito annexed, itiul niiirkcd A , were |>uiited up ut the churclud(Mir and utiier public places in l!.e suid puri>h uf Killiinuie, during the niunlh uf April, in this present year of uiir Lurd 1848. And tliesc «lej)unent!. I'tirtlier suy, that iiileiuling tu lake passage by the Miid ship or vessel culled the Lively, fruin Ciulway ulurcMiid, tu the City uf Si. Juliu's ill New Brunswick ntoresuid, they, the suid depuneiits, suinc time in the niunlli ol April ur the beginning uf May lust, puid lu , uf I.«um uf 3». lur Mary I^irkiii, his wife ; and ln>, the said Denis Nevin, 5«. lur himself ; and that each uf lliem, the said depuiietils, gut from the said utknowledgmenis in writing Ibr the said ilejKJsit iiiuney as and for a passage from Galway tu .St. John's, us uturcsuitl. And llie said de|>uneiits further xuy, and each lor himself suilh, that being pour, niid unwilling tu be detained lunger in the port of Golway than was alisolulely nicessarv, they opplieosit money so given as aforesaid; and thereupon they received respectively orders to be receiveen the passengers on board the said ship or vessel and the master and crew thereof, the said deponents believe, that out of about I H(> passengers embarked on l)oard the said ship or vessel on the voyage aforesaid, not less than 130 nad engaged passages from Galway to St. John's, New Brunswick, as aforesaid. And the said Thomas Larkin hath signed, and the said Uichard Morley and Denis Nevin have made their marks, declaring respectively that they cannot write or sign their names. Sworn at the city of Quebec, this 12th day of July 1842, before me, (signed) Philip Panet, T. B. R. (signed) Thomat Larkin, his J . , Jlichard + Movley, murk, his Denis + Nevin, mark. (A true Copy), CANADA. No. I, Sir C. l%ot to Lord Stanley, 2(itli Jun. 1813. :ncl.(lt.)inNo. I (B.) No. 12. Extract of a Repoht rereived from A. B. Hawkf. Esq., dated Kingston, 7th I>ccember \Si-2. TiiK ellcH't of 80 large a nuiiil)er of settlers as have been added to the population of Canixla during the current year, either with nference to themselves or the colony, can- not In- very correctly ftseertaiiied at present. I estimate the total lunnbor at ;">0,0()0 ; say 41,0(10 by way of (Juehec, and fi,000 by way of the neighbouring states. Nearly 40,000 liavesi'itled in Canada West, and the remainder it is to be presumed have, with very few exceptions, settled in the eastern division of 'he province. With reference to those who have settle' in the upper section of the province, I have much pleasure in being able tq state that nine-tenths have succeeded in obtaining employ- ment, although at a lower rate of wa<;es than wait given to the same class last year. The settlement of the immigrants has been greatly accelerated in consequence of the (71.) E ' gi-fat M REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. •| \yi CANADA. No. I. .>>ir ( . Ikgiit to Lord Suiilfjr, .'(iilt Jiin. IN I.I. Eni-l.(H.)inN.-. I. f(ri>at minority of thrm having romr mil for tW rvprn* ptir|MM« of joining ihrir frientls ami relatioiii tetthHi in llie provincr. Wlt«n w« tiik(> into con*itl«rnlion liint llirr* fourthi uf the imniigrantt bvlonu lo llie Ubouring cUm, and thai tli« piililio works now in progma itre chiefly aiippliod wiih labonrrrt from ihv Ciiiiril Stale*, a* well ai the iJeprv«teiiH\chaiiici, viz. inch »>; whovlwrighls, ulackiinitht, car- |M-nti'r», inaiioiiis nhoeniakers niid iiiilom ; [lerHint of thii Jewription can liardly fail of iurce»* if indiittrinui and prudciii. Tlicri' it another elau of |K-rMiiiii to whom Canada nt prrieiit lioldt out great inducement*, I mean |M>rion( |ioue«iiiiig small iiicomet, who find il difficult to educate and bring up llicir riiinilioi at home; the low price of provisioiia in our markettt tlie trifling amount of our taxes and the cheap rrtte at which a good education ran be obtainrii, renders this country a very desirable ri'tiiii-iice for |HT«oMt no ciroiiiiitaiicttl. Our tocial condition cannot of cout-se boiiit of the refinement mid luxury of an older country; but to n man who i» nalinfietl with u plentiful supply of the comfurit and neceiH itar'wi of life, and the iiicani of bringing up a f.iniily, and afterwards iiliicating them fur proffssioiis or trades, in which with coiiimon industry they can M-arcely fail of success, ii nImiMt sure to bi-come n useful and happy niemlM-r of society. I do not say that tlioae who immigrate to this comilrv, even uiiilir I'ircumsUincrs do favoiiriible, will Im> likely lu acipiire fortunes, or that they will meet with nothing to regret in their new |HMitiuii; but, with a wclUcontcnted mind and iiidiislriouii habits, the- 'ill find iheir condition' substantially »in<-liorate. I. (Extracts ) (C.) Kmigrant Office, Kinfrtton.'ilsl DecMibar 184V. DiniNo the current year nearly 34,000 immigrants have bitn landed at this agency ; thcv generally arrivi-d in |>artie« mimlieriiig from 50 to .100 or 400 |K'nmiii. 'hie course adopted at this oflice with refere ice to their distribution, and the relief which i« ocra'tionally aflbnied, has been lu follows : We will assume that u |)arty of aoo immigrants are lo be iliKpossd of; the names of the heads of familieu and their occu|)nt;oii are first ascertained, as well as tln-ir destination, if ihey havi- left home with the intention of settling in any |»arliculor |>arl of the province. We will supiKise that 7.'j wish to pro, :_\Vheii did yo;i leave Montreal •' Diil _\oii apply to or riteive any relief Iroin the ai^eiil at that port.' If iliese (|iieslioiis Jiie answered in the aHirmative, the Monlrtal li>t i* relerreil lo, ami if it contirnH liis slateiiu ill. Ins reasuii^ for tti^hing to pnH-eeil to any par- tieiilar place are deiiiaml.-d. The rea-on generally a»si;{iiecliiies, his claim is rejecte«l; at all events, until further iiupiiry can In- made. .V* soon as the whole of the parly have liien examined, the free lists for the dilTeient ports are made out, an well as another li,t showinj. the amoiinl of foo«l which eocli family it to lecelve. 'J'he parly is then taken to the Uikery, and from thence to the steam-lioal. I he •.'.") iiniiiigriiiiis for the Hay of gnime undergo a similar exaniiiiHlion. As the steom- Iwiils for the ports on llie Uiy leave at nine o'clock in the morning, the imiiiigranli are >ent 10 llie shedi and supplied with fwxl for li.e night, if necessary. I he 7.^ who have no particular dotiimtioii. and who want eniiiloy iiieiil, ii-m.iin to he di^pOK-d ul. Thev REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. «. d. 'i 6 currency 6 3 — 4 — 3 9 — 7 6 — 3 9 — 3 9 — Tliry ar« mnerally *ciit to the ilifKli for the night, »uil ordered to bo at the ofBco early on the Ibllowing morning. 'I'hry undergo ilie uinie exantinatioii at their comradei. The upplicationt to tlK> office for farm tervantt, laboiirert, &c. are examined) and luch of the immigrant! at will probably luit the unplicantt, are M-nt forward. If the lupply of lalMuren exceed the dmnaiid, wiiich it frequently die cate, the overplui it diatributed through tliote diilririt which are moat likely lo require their u-rvicei. The immigrantt thui tent are furniihertoni retiding in the [>art of the diatrict lu which they are directed, with a rcnuest tliat they will have the goodiieii to tend the inunigrantt to any pertont in the vicmity who are in want of labourer*. Hut if they are tent lo Torento, or Hamilton, (hit duty devolve* upon the agenti ttationed at thete porti. A* to the extent of the relief which in aflurded to indigent immigrantt at thit and the other agencie* in Canada We*t, it i* confined to me — Toronto to Hamilton ... — — — to Niagara ... — Being 33 per cent, under the citablithed charge*. ' ^ Tranaport by land it of courte more expen*ive than by water. Tlie average expen*e may lie *tated at \d. per niilo for each adult. The *upply of fooound loaf of bread, the co«t of which average* at>out 7ifore and after the dates above mentioned, are disposed of without any ossittance from the out agents. Upwards of 3,600 emigrants landed at Kingston thit year wlio came from the United Statei. A large pro- |)ortion of them came in as early at Marcli and April. I rendered them very little aasitt- iince, und that little wai, I fear, in some instances granted to improper objects, being aware that ataittance wa* only granted to immigrantt of the current leoson, many of them pretended that they had recently landed at New York, although their language, as well at the quality of their clothing, proved a much longer reiidence in the United States. The correspondence of the office is necessarily extensive, and embrace* a great variety of subjects. Besides corres|)onding with the agentt and influential persons in different |Mru uf the province, we are called upon to write letter* for the emigrants to their rclativcK at home, and occasionally to remit fund* to enable them to emigrate. The accounts of the sieum-boat proprietors, forwarding merchantt, and for the ditburse- mciiu at the different agenciet, are generally rendered in December, and after examination, they are brought into one account current, and transmitted for intpectioii and audit. 'llie hospital establithm '^•t at Bytown, Kingston, and Hamilton, for the reception of lick indigent emigrantt belong to the emigration department, and the physiciant who superintended Uiem, are paid out of the emigration fund. At Toronto, the indigent sick are sent to the general hospital, and \t. per day is paid for each patient during the time lie is an inmate of the institution, and the amount charged to this office. Between the months of May and November, 1 occasionally visit all the ports to which immigro'.itii are forwarded, in order to distribute any of them who cannot get into the interior without assistance, and to procure work for the unemployed. All the agents and plivsicians arc required to make monthly returns; these returns ore sent to Mr. Buchonaii, chief agent, Quebec, to enable him to report to the Government. I hare endeavoured tu ittate, generally, the duties of my office ; but it is impossible to enuMU'rote the particular services which I am colled u|M)n to render, or the difficulties I bare often to contend with. I have, &c. CANADA. No. I. Sir C. |{ii||ot lu Liird Slitnlty, '^Oili.ran. IM:t.' Kiicl. (C.)io No. I. RawBcn W. Rawson, Esq. Chief Secretary, kc. &c. &c. (signed) A. B. Hawke, Chiel Emigration Agent, W. D. (71.) E 2 M REPORTS RELATING TO EMIORATIOV. I I CANAD.«. No. I. htr ('. Htgot lo Lnril SlanI*'', .{6th Jan. I8i;i. Kncl. (D.)inNn. I (I).) Sir, Qutbfc, Itl Dccfmbrr \H4'2. I HA»« ih* honour to itibmir, for ilio inrormaiioii of hit Excrllcnry llip (iovrrnor-KFtM-ralt (hp M.'C(>iiipanyiiiK tabiilnr Kflurn (A.) of lirk nni^runK lulmitlcii, iliirluirgcil, •lul (JkhI at tlif qiinrantiiio lioapitnl, (»ro«»e l«l«', for llif ioim)!! fiulint| (Viober illil, On com|Mrin^ the Minr with ilie iiiliniiiiioni, Sc. nl' prcvioua yisri (H), il will b« tvn that iIm> proporiioii 1)1' lick In Ihc niimbrr o( (■niif brrn lumpwliat grratt-r ihit year ilian lait. Tlif moruliry (if jNinM-ngi-r* on llw »oynge lia» not, liowovrr, Ufii >o uroat ; wjiilo iIm> nunibrr of ilontlm on iliiji-Uwnl lait year wa» VW*J out of !/M,OflO fniigranii, or 0-7» |M'r oi'iit. J ilio niiMiUr tliit yi'iir lia« liwn :M)'J out of 44.&H4, or «cfl7 p«-r iinl. ; ai in lornirr y«'ar«, thi' groat nuijority of tluto lU-iitlit wi-re inl'antt at the brcaii, yiiun){ children, ami iigiil |K'r!ion». Tlio lots of infant life on ehi- iMumgi* it vrry groat ovi-ry voar, and ii readily Btioiiiitftl for from ilio f irrunuluncf of the niolhir*, ii|M)n whom thi- rliildrcn dt'|>rncl for iiu|>|H>rt, Ix'ing pinri'il undor ciri-inntlancit in crcry way ino«t iinfuvoiirahic lo afl'urding it. She it ill nioti indHiirrn fiom tlu- country, ncniiionuHl lo r<'«jiiro [um- air, and lo iiiku_ ui-tivc vxcrciu'i from lhi» ilau- »lio it irannli'in-d lo tin- hold o( a vpmoI, when- ilif •nll'cr* from Ma-iiikniMM, ii anxioii* and uli«rmint, or lliow in urcoiid childhood, arc obnoxioun to llio same cauxi*, and MulVcr in pro|>ortion. A ({rcalcr number of the violent, as lo oblige the emigrant vivseli ex|M«*ed lo il lo keep ibeir hutclies battenertion of sickiiesi and d.-alhs than those nol ex|K>ted to the fury of the gule. ritii M'UHoii, as in former years, wherever measles and smalUpox broke out on board of crowool, among whoso passengers both these dis<-iuet ragel, I'J out o( 'fi9. In the Minstrel, ' from Liver|H>ol, 10 out of I BO. On board of all the«e vesseU lM>th measles and small-pox prcvuiloil extensively, and liad the usual ofTect of vitiating tlie alinosphere of the hold, and cauniiig fever amongst those of the adult iMUsoiigers who were nol obnoxious lo the conli^ gion of these siH^ilic ilis«-asef. The number of vessels on Ixiard of which typlms fever ap|)eareU has not been so great al in former years; aggravated coses of ihU dreadful iH-slilenco occurreiver|iool as com- nieloly to fill the lower hold; the remaining s|iace (le<-hnic.cific sum to u passenger broker, \ '-. put into it '2\A souls, with their baggage and stores (these last, in emigrant vesiels, being uskally slowed in the lower hold), riie master, unaccustomed to thi- |>a>senger trnth*, and having made no contracts with the emigrants individually, did not consider himself bound lo enforce cloanlineu or good order in the part of the vessel occupioee.ine station. When I vinited the vessel, ami put the usual i|Ue»tions lo the matter, I leariil that five adults had diee worse; ventilation (at all times djfTicult from the construction of the vessel and the sujM'rior gravity of foul air) wai ulicily iiegl<-cle passengers, out of which it was foutul neceswry IlRPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. •71) |Mr lurnirr 11. uiid readily rid for ding it, lo ittke_ nil lien >ad and hiiiriit, iioxioiM plaff lilt of nltTfd iili III ■|i tlicir M^r wilt kI llu'Jr of bill. U.-atli» nrrruary to mid A I raie* to hoipital, including the miuter and tliree of the crew ; and rrom xhpf Inttvr, 'H\ caton of (vver nut of UK) |NWM'tigpn. In both thtte caan th« diieaae wai hriiiiutit on liy iIm* rxponurf and fatigue of the iMwtcngori in icvrre lempitluoui weather, wliicli iifler diniendiiiK Hgaiiut for two wiflm, tliey liud to return to the |M)rt in Ireland troiii wluiicv ilicy nailed, where they were landed and iilacwi in ihedi during the time the iiiergoing repaira. On coiiiniencing their voyage again, fever broke out '-' From (he bark Sarah Siewurl, I H caM'i of fever were admitted to hospital ''"'^'' C.\NAD.\. No. I . Sir ( Ht|(Ut li' I.iiril Stuiilcy JuniiHry Ih-t.'t, veiit'U were undergoing repaira. among iheni out oi' 'Jill iiaAiteniieri. Aiiinnu thi ndmimioiiit to hoii|iiial were I A I'aiei of fever from the „ , ,," , .. , ImiK Lord ( anterbury, Iroiii liristol; eight ol tlieie imaiengerii died on the voyage; ^.^^____ diaeiwe uiiioiig thi'ae |M-o|ile wa« brouuht on by their extreme •ufleringi from cold, wel, and ^^^— — • fatigue at the piiiiiiw, the veaael having had tliu miafurlunu to itriko the ice three week« pi'cvioui to her arrival at (iriMie lale, and won only kept afloat by the rontiniicd exertions of the crew and |iaiiarni;er«, who worked the pumpa and bailed with bucketa night and ■lav. Aa olfering a favourable contrast to the nlmve-reviled Initancrs of lufltTJiig and dealhi, . I beg lo allude to the riwe of !t<) |mMengcr veatela that arrtveiid only aix lo hoapital, niid but i5 deaths liad taken place on ill)' Voyage, 'I'liin comparative abaeiice of sickness ond ileathi, in so large a body of |)cople III' all ages, was owing entirely to the extremely favourable weather cxperienciKl on their ininait to this country. 'I'he piiaMige of these vesiels did not on an average exceed 'M days, during the whole of which time the weather was never such as lo prevent the |ias8eligers Ix'iiig on deck. Some of ihe ahipmiMtera declared they might have made the passage in ail open boat, the aca waa ho smooth and the wind ho light ; during the 10 years of my official euiinexion with the (|uaranline department of the province, I liave never witnessed s'j large II Ixxly of emigrantH arrive in such gmxl health. The numlier of births of emigrants on the voyage out, and at the c|uai°iintine station, amounted tliia year to 117 ; two of these cose* were twins; in the great majority of these cases both mother and child did well ; two deaths in child-birth tiMik place. (treat advantage has iH'cn exp«ut wooden stretchers, uliich it wiu louiid impoasible to keep in repair, or free from vermin; though these two iinpri'veineiilH, together with aomeolher extraordinary disbursements, caused the expenditure of till' (|uai'autine atalion ihia year :o excee'X|HMidiiure of the hospital deiiartmtnt has U'en only a trifle iiore in proportion to il>e number of sick this year tiian last, as may be seen by reference to the following kiatemeni, taken from a document furnialuHl by Mr. Cary, deputy inspector-general of accounts, iOtli Nuvi-mber : 1841: 1842: ints - jf ». ,1. \S7 3 Hi £ : ,1. 282 15 llj ■ ■29 11 4 01 10 25 £ 216 15 a^ .174 15 2i To Martin Hay, Sundries for Kmigrantit Milk and Firewood fur ditto • The number of tick emigrants In 1841 having been 290, gives a fraction less than I5«, •IS the average cost for each patient. The number this season having been 488, gives I5.<. 4iit. UH tlie average for each patient, being a dilTerencc of only 44'/. each; aniT this trifling increase was owing to the greater average length of time that patients remained in bu-ipital this BciiMiii, owing to the many cases of relapse from fever. The same fri^quency (if rt lapse has been noticed in the fever cases of emigrants treated in the hospital of this citv. 'I'he ()uui'aiitine department austainetl n great loss this season by the melancholy death ul'tlie llev. I'Abbi' Forlier, the Iloman-catliolic missionary attached to the hospital tor these laat two ceasuna; the unremitting kindness, zeal, and devotion of this gentleman to the sick uus Ih'VoiuI all praise ; he fell a victim to typhus fever, contracted at a time when the hospital was crowded with bad cases of that dreadful disease. I cannot conclude this report without again bringing under the notice of his Excellency ihe (jovernor-general the urgent necessity that exists for causing a wharf or landing-place to be constructed on that |«rt of the island where the sick are landed ; much suffering it every year caused from the want of such accommodation, I have, &c. Uawson V>. Hawson, Eiq. (signed) G. M. Douglas, m.o. 9(c. &c. &c. Medical Superintendent (71.) E 3 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. CANADA. No. 1. iiir C. Uagot to I 1840 • S!i,065 Ml 1-34 41 0^19 - • 483 913 eo ] 017 1« 007 3«l IMl . mfito S90 l«3 38 013 ■ . 184 0«3 39 1 0-11 • Ot)9 990 1842 . 44.374 488 I09 34 Ola " 340 ! 1 0-76 36 19 74 16 488 «99,I3J 3,834 • • 3«4 ■ - a,6fH . 414 - • 3<,i ■ 3,»54 1 ! Cbu. M. I>aii seaMtn. From thi« n-jwrl it i« gratifying to find, that notwitlutanding the large number of »ick which, i ' tlw «iriy part of the ^-asoii, crowded the hoapital, the \tn centage of death hat been leas than last y!?«r. ITh- cause of thi" great tuffering in thi- caw of the |vu«pnger« by the brig Maryt, Rcd- |)aih ma*U>r, from Liver|>ool, to which you drew my |tanicular attention, ia, I am ha{>py to »UU', one of comparaiirely rare occum-n^e. In my w»fkly re|K>rt to hit Excellency ol the 2d Julv, I alluded to the vc.y dittmaed condition i'l whi<:li the patscngert by thit vet»el arrived, in ttie followinit wordi : — •' III .« REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 81 >e Hofpital, Emiorant* 'P li > 0-si 1 no 043 »U o« las 0!»4 4H 0'H9i'iigers ; on arrival here, she was fuunu to have 32 on board whose names were not on ilie list; she was also exceedingly crowded, the {lassengers being obliged to keep all their luggage and provisions between decks, there Iwing no room in the lower hold; it (with the exception of a small space for water and fuel) was full of salt On measuring tlie superficial space between decks, I found she had only space for 165 adults, whereas she had 180^, fawing an excess of ISf passengers. The necessary information was immediately placed in the hands of the Crown officer, to prosecute the master for the infringement of the second clause of the Imperial Punxenger Act. " The dreadful condition in which this vessel arrived may, in my opinion, be in a great measure attributed to the crowded state of the vessel, and to her having a cargo of salt in the lower hold, which was full up to the platform or deck occupied by the passengers." A peiwlty of 20/. sterling, the only one I could enforce, against Captain Iledpath was duly awarcled by the Court of Vice-Admiralty, and paid. He afterwards petitioned his Excellency for a remission uf the fine, which Mr. Chief Secretary Murdoch referred to me, a report of which 1 had the hononr to forward under date of the 2l3t July, recommending that his prayer should not be granted. In the case of the Mountaineer, from the same port, also alluded to by Dr. Douglass, I beg to state tliat, owing to the complaints made by many of the passengers in this vessel as to the deficiency and impurity of the water furnished them during a part of the voyage, and also the exorbitant prices charged by the master for provisions, he having bought up the surplus stuck of some of the passengers, and resold to those in need at a large profit. On inquiring into these stateni- .''s, i found sufficient evidence to justify my placing the ■natter in the hands of the Crown oliicer, who accordingly entered proceedings in the Conrt of Vice-Admiralty, and ul>tained judgment for a mitigated pentdty of 5/. each in both charges. I also prt^secuted him before the magistrates, under the Provincial Act, for removing the bertliing of '25 of the [mssengers previous to her arrival at quarantine, for which he was fined 5*. currency for each berth removed. On arrival at Orosse Isle, many of the passengers were so much reduced from want of food, that Dr. Douglass was obliged to have them landed and detained a fow days on the island, in order to recruit. As these people had neither food, nor the means of procuring it, I authorized Dr. Douglass to distribute some oatmeal amongst them. The very sickly state ni which the {mssengers by both these vessels arrived, as well as many others alluded to by Dr. Douglass, I attribute to the inattention paid to their proper ventilation and cleanliness, and to the want of wholesome food. I trust, however, that the salutary provisions of the new Imperial Act will provide a reminly in some degree for these evils. Sickness in the Marys may have been further increased front her lower hold being full of salt, whi<;h may, by keeping the place occupied by the passengers damp and cold, have caused the disease to generate more rapidly. I beg to remark with reference to the comparative advantages of a steamer and a sailing- vessel, as u nu>an8 of communication with Grossi' Isle, that tliuugh the distance is only 27 miles from Quebec, yet when a schooner was employed to perform this service, two, and in some cases, three diiys were occupied in ninking the voyage to town ; during which time, as the uecumninuations were ni>ct'ssarily limited, the convalescents from hospital were exposed to nnicli hardships iiiul suflering. l?v inoiiiis of a steamer the trip m no case occupies more than from three to four hours ; and I learn from the medical superiiiteiident that this year, since the employment of a steamer, he hiii» been enabled to ned, however, that the s|k>i was injudiciously chosen, and the work so slightly |H'rformed, that the ice carrieersona! knowledge of the island, and from the opinion of iiractical tnen, among whom I would mention Captain Itoxer, ii.n., who visited and sounile<{ th.it ]mrt of the island where a wharf can be made at a com|>aralivo small cost, at which vessels of any si/c could lay, and land, or take otf their imssengers and iMtggai^' at all times; and, owing to the low price at which the necessary timber and labour c-.ii now be procured, I have no doubt it could be built in the course of the ensuing sunmior, on very advantageous terms. l-'rom the many improvements that have Ihh'u made each year in the liospital buildings, and jMissengors sheds, the only oxjR'nso now necessary to render this useful establishment comple'e, is the erection of this wliarf or landing place. I have, ct8 of demand (for a time at least) for immigrant labourers. When, how- ever, the reaction in business at home shall have realized steps of permanent improvement (n<;'.v so aiispiciotislv l>egun), then, and not till then, will its beneficial effects be sensibly felt amongst all industrial classes here ; for we cannot conceal from ourselves that such has l)et>n the extent of exhaustion in the monetary and other resources of the many, that it luukt l)e a v-'k of some time to redeem their condition. In the present state of depression and distress here, the debt of thankfulness of immigration and humanity is dun to his Excellency Sir William Colebrooke, for it is to his timeous intervention with the Right honourable the Colonial .Secretary of State, that an accumulating torrent of emigration was stayed at home. Had they reached this province, it could only have been to augment the body of misfortune now heavily pressing on the community. These expressions are, you will ocrceive. Sir, inapplicable to another cla.ss of immigrants whom it is most desirable to hove ill the country ; 1 mean a rural )K)pulution composeti of solvent yeomanry and small • furmers with bufficient means to make permanent settlements. The rates of wages and prices of provisions for the post quarter, are indicated in the quarterly abstract U)r the provincial secretary's office. It is a source of deep regret that there is no Board of Works to employ immigrants. I have, &c. (signed) A. Wedi>erdl'kn, G. E. A. Alfreil Keade, Esq., !kc. &c. &c. (71.) F REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW URUNSWICK. No. 2. Sir W.M.G.Colebrooke to Lord Stanley, :lilth Jin. Id43. Kncl. I. ill No. '.'. Abstract Kituiin of Immioratiok to the Frovinre of Niw Bivnswick, balween Ut Janunrv mil 3l>t December 1842. Where Arrived. M«n. Wutntn. Children. Total. Rbmairi. St. John - Miraniichi St. Andrew's n«_v Verte Kichibucto ... Ualhunt Ddlbouile ... Sliedrac ... 3.277 151 195 2,794 94 129 1,494 87 99 7,565 332 423 ^ Cnmparailtreljr Tew cMci >of •icitiiew or ciiualtieii ; J deaths, 9 ; 5 drowned. None direct from the rr,iic\l Kingdnm. Kmi^'snls join their friends riif St. John. Several fMmilies arrived Troni IVince Edward Island. Desultory itninif^raiion aiises chiefly from casuidlie* to nhipping from the United Kini^dom ; but the mign- tiiiii from the United State'* to this Province is spontaneouii. 3.623 3.017 1,680 8,320 Emigiant Otiire, Si. John, New Urunswick, 1 2d JiiniMrv 1843. J (signed) A. WrDDERBUaN, U. £. A. Kncl. J. in No. 2. Total arrivals, 8.320 souls. Divisory Sc.ile : Adiills : Males • 3,62;i FemiUs - 3,017 .Minor'. - l.CSU Total f<,320 Mule of the ciuin- iry at )iresent uf- feciing iinmigiant I ibour. I'ublic works, anil t migrant employ- IligliUnd Society. Agricultural Society. Asst-ciate svsKm. Enclosure ^ in No. ^. Government Emigrant Office, St. John, Sir, New DruiMwick, January 1R4S. In obixlience to the commands fornivriy received, I traiismitteJ to the prov'iicial tecie* lary's office the abstract account of immigration here for >84S, fur the infornwtion of the Kiglit lionourable the Colonial Secretary of State ; and 1 have now the further honour to submit to his Excellency the Lieutenatit-Governor a communication recently made lo the Commissiotiers for Colonial Latiil and Emigration, being extendeort which I had the honour to submit on the 16th July last, nothing has occurred in the general iui|H>ct of aflliirs in the province to warrant me in holding out atiy more riatlering prosiiects (for a time at least) of demand for immigrant labour. Whenever the reaction in bii.siness shall have attaiiie.o|ieration un In'lialf of immigranls from our recently established Highland Jyx-iety; and 1 am enabled to acquaint the Lieuleiianl-t^overiior that the In-sI feeling manifests itself amongst the memlK'rs of the .\gri('ollural .SocmcIV here towards the humlile settlers, and that on thf liinileil I'undK adniitiiiig, it is inicndtH.) lo reward the deserving and industrious by donations of suitable seeds, to enable them lo p'osecnte tin ir labours with advantage. I 111- associate system of settlement orgaiiiieiun nrisft lallie* to Unitcil Suiei to nUneuu*. prove of much advantage to immigrant settlers in the country. The original avocations of the parties constituting the associations, and their practical experience and knowledge of the work in the woods, guided by their general intelligence, render them good examples and able schoolmasters in tho bush to subsequent settlements in ihe neighbourhood. I Imve, &c. Alfred Keade, Esq. (signed) Alexander Wedderburn, G. E. A. &c. &c. 8(c. NEW BHUNSWICK. No. 2. Sir W.M.G.Colebrooke to Lord Stanler, 30th Jan. 1843. End. 2. in Nc . 2. ' • - Enclosure 3. in No. 2. To his ExLcllency Sir William M'Bean GEonoE Colebrooke, K. H., Lieutenant- Governor and Commander-in-Chief, &c. &c. &c. May it please your Excellency, In making a report for the i>a8t year, as emigrant agent at Fredericlon, I beg leave to End. 3. in Ni<. 2. call your Excellency's attention to the provincial statute, page 587 — 8, under which the funds that maybe obtained from emigrants arriving in the province arc directed to be applied, and under which I am satisfied a sum is collected suiBcient, if properly expended, ' to meet its object, which is tho relieving destitute and diseased passengers and emigrants, and in assisting them to reach their places of destination within the province. But, unfortunately, the Act further provides that sums so received shall be applied from time to time by grants uf the legislature ; and as that body does not meet till the season has Itnssed away when posseuger-ships arrive, andas the Lieutenant-governor for the time being las no authority to apportion any pan of the sums so obtained to assist emigrants in distress, or aid them on their arrival in this country, tho result is they are thrown upon the commu- nity as |)aupers, to be provided for by the commissioners of the poor, who subsequently apply to the legislature for remuneration, whore their claims are frequently reduced. Hence a stigmu is attached to persons thus unfortunately situated, which attaches to them and their families in after life. I know an instance myself whore the descendants of a person who came to Halifax, Nova Scotia, several years since, in a very humble situation in life, have by their prudence and integrity raised theniaelvos to seats in the Council of that ond another colony ; and yet under the system pursued in this province, had he obtained some trifling assistance, which probably he would afterwards have repaid, it must have been doled out to him by the com- missioners of the poor, and would not nave been forgotten by those malignant persons with whom every comnnmity abounds. There is also some little allowance to be made for the feelings and habits of those poor i>eoplo who leave the country of their nativity to seek in a strange land another home. For instance, the Irish, and I believe the remark applies to the Scotch and English emigrants, never Iwving been accustomed to eating Indian meal, they dislike it; in fact in some instances they cannot eat it, although it is a wholesome and excellent description of food, without experiencing ill eil'ects. Hut oatmeal they will gindly take. Vet in every instance that has come uiulor iny observation, the commissioners of the ])oor give Indian meal; and those who endeavour to obtain oatmeal are considered as improperly fastidious. To reniody the difficulty that arises from the interference of the commissioners, and to relieve thorn from a disagreoable duty, as also to secure an economical and proper expendi- ture of the Knilgrant Fund, I would suggest that it should be placed ut the disposal of the Lioutenant-govornor to be applied for the relief and assistance of emigrants, under his Kxcellonoy's immediate directions, by persons who act as emigrant agents, or others Vho may perform that duty whore numbers of emigrants annually arrive ; a detailed account to be rendered to the legislature at tho close of each year. 'i'liore is iinothor pr.>L'oodiiig attending the passage of emigrants that materially affects their comfort during such passage, and their circumstances on their subsequent arrival in tho colony, 10 which I bog leave to call your Excellency's attention, for the purpose of bringing it under the notice of Her Majesty's GoverninenL The oinlgi'iiiiis on loaving Groat Ilrilain generally provide for themselves and families as they conceivo, a suffii-ient supply of food to last during theeiilire [tassage; but owing to the prevuliiico t>( adverse winds, aiul I fear, in some instances, tho cupidity of the masters of the vossols, the passages are protracted to an unusual length ; and the poor people havinir con- sumed their provisitjiis, are at the mercy of these men, who sell supplies to them, as I have understood iof)eatedly from emigrants who have come to my office in a destitute condition, at an exorliilaiit rate, so that when the voyage is en Jed, individuals with families, who when tlioy eniharkeil had funds that would have materially assisted them, on their arrival in the province are roduced to abject poverty, and have been compelled to dispose of their clothing to sup))ort nature on their lieing landed after the termination of their voyage. This would bo obviated if the masters of vessels taking passengers were compclle<' to have at least two months' supply of provisions for both passengers and crew, and thai a fixed (71.) F 2 price NEW BRUNSWICK. to Lord SUnlcv, 30th J«n. 1843. End. 3. in No. 2. \ ' M REPORTS RELATING TO £MIGRATION. price should bepn^ribed tor adulu and children, anti the articles constituting a ration, and their quality and quantity, also detinei) the owners and masters of vessels ; Sir i,ut the price of a ration might so be fixed as to repiy them for their outlay; and when it is W.M.U.Colvbrooke i^^ollected that the conveyance of passengers is a in to business transaction, and that cre- dulous and ignorant people are continually impost d upon by the cupidity of iiersons in command of emigrant ships, it will be found to be a -ourse consistent with justice as well as humanity. With reference to the description of emiiiranls that should resort to this province, I would beg leave to remark that in the alisence ul anv greai public undertaking, a sufficient influx of the labouring class will find their way hither, t'lrough the representations of interested persons, or owing to the recommendations of their friends and acquaintances, and as many as can well l>ccome annually merged in the population of the province. 'Da-re i», howc/er, a class of settlers wanting in this province, and to whom it offt-rspro- babiy as great inducements as can be found elsewaere ; and that is persons of limited means, say |)ossessing from ;)U0/. to 500/. Owing to tlif; great loss that attends lumbering pursuits, there arc numbers of farms throughout tlie prcvinct> which have become mortgaged to the merchants, who have ndvniu-cd supplies and money to pay for their licences, and which would be dii'posed of at a cheap rale if purchasers wit S menus could l>e foumi ; and there are Inruc quantities of cleared land througliout the province which are entirely neglecteerluips a clergyman, not only would their condition be permanently improveerior information and attainments, and they would form ior themselves very happy communities. The settlement of the boundc.ry question will oiien up a fine country for the reception of emigrants; and I look upon it ns an object of im|>ortance, that an English or Scotcn popu- lation should inhabit the up|>er j.nrt of the county of C^irlcton, between the River St. John and the Grand Falls, as they would be diverted from those animosities and prejudices which might liuvf a tendency tn disturb that trnnquillily which is so desirable should be esta- blished uikI rultivate. .ivatettlemeiils could be made; and there are also large tracts of wilderness lands beyond that owntnl by al)sentees, and belonging to the Crown, which should no longer be luckitl up. These are at present held by alwentees or other [x-rsoiis, to whom grants have lH>en made between the Medurmkek, which empties into the St. John's at Woodstock ; and the Grand Falls, '.2U,000 acres, and the vacant or ungninted land in tliat quarter, com- prises about 'J5,U00 acres more. The soil, as far as I am acquainted with it, nnd from the Ik-si information I can obtain, is of a superior quality, and the cliuuite is remarkably fine. There is also abuiuknce of goort themselves and families till the cro|>s of the first and second yearc would meet their requirements ; and if the subsequent lilt- of each individual should be marki-d by industry and prudence, it would be one ol constantly increasing comfort and independ.eiice. riuTe is a fine tract ufland commencing about 10 miles from Fredericton, called the ItuMigonis settlement, which, owing lo the lumbering purHuit* of the inhabitants of that |>art of the province, has been much neglirled ; it cxtcnils Ironi the Maryland settlement towards llic Orunuicio Kiver. The land, generally Hpcakiiig, is gooassengers, - », i ■ or REfORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 37 or by the lale of articlet of clothing in St. John's, and were consequently in destitute cir- cumstances. I gave these people such advice as my knowledge of the country enabled me to afford, and passed them on to different parts of the province. In some few instances, when nothing else could be done, I sent them back to St John's in the steamers, incurring thereby an expense of some 3^ or 4/., which I hope will meet with your Excellency's approbation. Those of them who are apt, and calculated to make themselves useful, however, have, with few exceptions, succeeded in obtaining employment. With a slight exception (there being probably ten or a dozen English people, among whom were two shipwrights, whom I forwarded up the river in December), the emigrants who came to me were all Irish; and there is this difficulty about this description of persons, that they will often apply for and receive aid when they are in possession of sufficient funds uf their own ; and it is almost impossible to determine between cases of real poverty and affected want. The Scotch seldom or never beg ; and I do not recollect an instance of a l>erson of tluit nation applying for charitable relief under ordinary circumstances. On their arrival they generally |)enetrate into the country, and procure employment ; but the Irish will hang about towns while a farthing remains in their pockets, and then, when necessity compels them to resort to the country, will demand wages far beyond what they can earn, or farmers can afford to give. I feel much gratified, however, in stating that the Irish iminigriuits who have arrived out during the last two years in particular, were remarkable for sobriety ; and I never saw an instance of inebriety, either among those who applied at my office or in the street. Whatever may be the determination of Her Majesty's Government with reference to emi- gration, I cannot conclude this report without remarking, that this province seems hitherto to have been singularly unfortunate in this particular. Possessing abundance of land of the finest quality, intersected by numerous rivers of considerable extent, many of which abound with salmon and other fish, with a salubrious climate, at no great distance from the mother country, which may be reached in a fortnight, it offers every inducement to a J>erti()n desirous of emigrating and possessing property, who, with moderate means, can live lere in independence. Those who can commana funds to support them during the first year uf their residence are sure to succeed ; and there are numerous instances where per- sons, without any means whatever beyond their own labour and industry, have cleared away the wilderness around their dwellings, and have converted it into profitable and fertile farms, who ore now living in the enjoyment of every comfort which the bulk of a community can anywhere obtain. I have, &c. ■ ' ■ (signed) Edmond Wari>, ' - y:f. Fredericton, 24th January 1843. Assistant Emigrant Agent. NEW BRUNSWICK. No. !2. Sir W.M.G.Colebrook« to Lord StsDJey, 30tli Jqii. 1843. End. 3. in No. ^. (71.) F3 .— — w». REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW SOI'TH WALES. NEW SOUTH WALES. Hf, No. .1. Sir George Gipps 10 Lnril Sttnlcy, •23d May I84'J. Kor Loril S|iiiilc)'» Despaicli, Hill (id. Nil. 10, ri/f C'lirrc- npuiidence res|icrl- inj; Einigrmion, iirdfred by I'liu ilouwurC'omiiioiis In be prioleil, 7ib June 18^2, No. 30 1, p. 1. No. 3. . , ■ . No. 95. ' . Copy of a Dksi'atch from Governor Sir George Gipp.i to Lord Stanley. M^' Lord, Oovemnicnt Housi', Sydiiry, 35il M>v IN4V. I HAVE till' honour lifrowitli to encloso lliree copies of a Report recently made to me hy the immigration agentof thin colony, which, though nominally only for the year 1841, contains* a general notice of the progress of immigration up to the arrival of the la.st of the emtgr»nt8 who left England previous to the 1st November 1811. On comparing this Report with my own despatch. No. 88., of the It-th May 181-'2, and ti.e memorandum which accompanied it, your Lordship will |)erceive that but little (iift'erence of opinion exists between myself and the immigration agent — the principal, perhaps, being, that whilst 1 have recommended that in any future emigration the selection of the emigrants should be left to the agents ot the parties contracting to bring them to this country, Mr. Merewether recommends that they shouUI be selecteil by the agents t»f government. Your Lordship will perceive that Mr. Alerewether has given all the intorma- tion in his power respecting the way in which the inmiigrants, dining the last 18 months, have been distributed in the colony; and 1 desire particularly to request attention to those paragraphs in page 3<) of his Report, which relate to this matter, as in your Lonlship's despatcii, No. l(i., of the litli Uctober 1841, I was desired to aObrd information on iliis subject. Of tiie large encampment of emigrants which was to lie seen in .Sydney a few weeks ago, all the tents, with the exception of five, have now, 1 am happy to say, disappeared. At Port I'hillip the number of unemployed inunigrants is still considerable ; but this is in great part to be accounted tor l)y the long detention in (pianintine of the ship Maidius. Male imn)igrants at Melbourne, not able to make better engagements, are still employed by government, though their wages have been reduced from '20*. to 18*. per week. There were 3(iiJ men .so employed on the 1st of the present month ; and about '2.70 women and children were at that time .still receiving assistance from the goveriunent. I have, &c. (signed) Geo. Gipps. K EiK'l. ill Nu. 3. Appendix (A } Enclosure in No. 3. llEroRT on iMMKiRATios for till' Yrar lM4l, by Fkancis L. .S. Mkreuktiieh, I-jfj., Ageiil for Kniigriiiion ; willi an .\|)|M'n(ivi-mnirnt Imnii)(riitiun Oliirc, SyUni-y, litli May \HV2. I IX) inysclf tli«- lidiioiir to iraiiiiinit to your Kxcclli-ncy my Itc'port un iinniigratiuii lo iliis colony for till' year Ih4I, tufit-tlit-r uitli a Kt-rics uf ri'tnrnit illu»lrativf of the tubjirt. In tUi-M- (locunicnt.i 1 have t-ndfavourcd, in accorduncc with the instructions inidvr wliicli lliiit Hcjiort In inadi', to c-nil>o(l) all Midi ! " i-iti Government or (o tlie coloniul or lirititli public' ly otilce enable lier Majesty's Tlie Hetiirn mark«l (A.) i>re)u-iili a detaileort. From this return it un|N-arg, that out of 22,t)35 souls (including children, amongst whom the greater mmilx'r of ueutlis occun'ee in each hundred |)ersons. Return (K.) shows the trades or callings of the bounty immigrants who arrived during the yen r 1841, according to their own statements when examineenilix to my Report which I cannot rtiibinit ns an accurate statistical document. 'I'he immigrants linving been rapidly hired on board the vessels in which they arrived, 1 have been unable to obtain any satisfactory record o*' their engagements, by means of which to classify them, according to their actual employ- inent in the colony, instead of according to their own representations of themselves. This return will, therefore, be found to give a very imperfect account of the distribution of Jie labour which arrive<)rtion in which the demand for these two descriptions of labour existed and was supplied. It is, however, in the number of these two classes only that inaccuracy exists to any considerable extent. The numliers assigned to the other callings may be considered as very nearly correct. Tlioiiffh I have not been able to show with such accuracy as I could wish the manner in which the labour imported during the year 1841 has \k*"a distributed, yet that it has been di8tril)uli'pendix ((i.) oFpenont from timr In time n>ccivr« . - . • - 900 SiuKlr I'fiiialei .-•--• -I7'i '. 'Hie number lodgint in the Imrracki on the lit of January IH43 wa«, Married men with faniiliti . . • • . 01 Single r>'niaUi ...---- M So that out of 3,m»7 adidt men, anil I,7(t0 adidt ningle women, or 4,007 working hand*, who arrived ut Sydney diiriim the last hulf of tlu- year, IKII, i\7'J only failed to obtain t'lnployment within III dayii iiTtiT tlicir nrrivul in Sydney, and 46 only remaiiiGd without emulovment on the fiml day of the |ir<'scnt year. At Von l'hili|i it wut found mveMtiiry to make ainiilur provinion for the immigrant* who did not find immedinle fm|iioyment ; ami I'nini returnn furniihe,) 1.5 ndidt male*, and \,'itt9 adult aiiu^le lemale*, or :I,4I4 working hamlH, landctalemeiiti render utinereMary any comment et'n exiH-rienced. The rale* of wag*-* in<>erle diatricti. The pr<>sent rates of wages are aomewhat lower than those given in ihia Table, but the reduction is *o inconsideruhle as tu aflbrd in itM>lf a *atiifactory proof that the lulniur market is aiill much iindemliH'ked. Keturn (F.) nhowa liiat the total immignlion lo tliecoloivy during the year 1841, including {lersons who arrive principally rom|M>serior class to that of domestic and faim iM-rvants (whitli is now the only class acbnissible on bounty), or of an age above that pri-scribed by tlie regulations, or of notoriously bad characters, but princi> |>ally of young feniHles, not under the protwtion of marrii-d couples, in the manner con- templated by the regulations. 'I'lie disallowance of Ixuinlies, made on tlii« ground, has U-en large, and in some instances, |M'rliap>, the rigid adherence to the principle of the regulations, which has In-en touiid necessary, lius involv«it the rejeelion of women of an uiiexcepiiunabl'.- description in oilier res|Mit.>.. It is, however, satistactory to mvself, and to the other members of the Hoard, in looking back uixin their discbarge of u painful duly, lo know, that whenever, subseipieiitly to the re|>ort ol the Itourd, and the |wynM-nt of the bounties on immigrants by any shiis facts have coiiie within my knowUdge ol a nature pre- judicial to the character of any single leniales, thes«' females have almost invariably been lounil amongst the numlx-r of those on whose account no |>aymcnt was made, in cun*e<|uencc ol their not having In-en under pro|>(T protection. Keturn ((i.) is a com|>arative statement of the annual amomit of immigration during the {inst |(inr years, from which it will be seen that the number ol iMiunty immigrants who arrived during the year 1841 was lis- tlian the aggregate numUr which arrived iluring the entire |Hiri77, which is less than the aggngale iiuiiiImt of the three preceding years by '2,503. 'Ihat uiiiuisisted iniiiiigratioii has not progressed in the same ratio with assisteaiiieil by an influx of capital seeking iiivt-stment in the surplus pnxluce and stock of the cilonisto, which is now waiting for a jnurket, and thus giving reiiewiil im|ic-ius to the further deviloiuiicnt of the resources of the country, and o|»ening an miboundi^l field for the employment of the pro- ductive closse*. '1 he very small number of capitalists who arrive*! in the colony, or who liav*- entere*! into agricultural or jiastoral »i>eculatioiis, alfords lurllicr proof of the great deiiund for labour which REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 11 which cxinled ihirin^ the year IH4I amongut the old coluiiiiti, by whom that which arrived ha* been nlmoal entirely employed, Fniin llie Mine Uelurn (O.) it will Iw ncen thnt the immigration of the four years ended Slit December lait, hud amounted to 'il),(IH'l touli, uf whom 39,787 have been introduced at the public expense. Tlie, in such demand as to mnke a provision fur their supply out of the public funds desirable, are those, and only those, wliicli are enumerated in the Hounty Itcgulations of the 3(1 March 1840; viz. agricul- tural labourers, klieplicrds, carpenters, smiths, wlicelwriglits, bricklayers, masons, and female domestic and farm servants. .Sawyers, uniformly paid fur by the Government, and brick- makers, might i>erlinps l>c specially mentioned. For males ol a superior description, such as clerks and farm overseers, there is at present no demand ; nnd such |>ersons have latterly lK>eii subjected to great privaliotts, as well as great disappointment, on their arrival. For nui'sery governesses, ladiei maids »"d females of a similar description, there is also no demand ; and the emigration uf such |R-rson.4 (unless with friends to protect and provide for them until they can find employment) is but too frequently proiluctive of misery to themselves and injury to the commtniity. The niiinU'r of lM)uniy immigrants who have already arrived in this colony since the c?ommencemeiit of the present year is as follows : SVUNEV. NKW »OlJlll WALES. No. .'i. Hit Utorge lies i>re ininsiiiitteil ut u hcnvy rust of ciiiivcyanee, the piice of eluthiiig will increase as well us the rates of Ha(je>, tliuugli |,rubably not nearly ia llie same ratio. See lleturn (E.) (71.) O which REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. M>UTH M'ALE!! No. :i. Sir Uaorgt (li|i|i« I* Luril St«nl«T. Unci, ill No. 3 111 whMi thi|M li«v« licen fliictl up, untirr the Mnclion nf ili« tullioriiiM ai liomv, rfccnl tx(M-- rMiiM hai, I lliiiik, «Jhiwii that lu Iw the lirlirr in which ilie three ctrniparimcnii of ihc iMMMfi|«n deck, allotted reapcctivply to the aingle malva, the familica, and the liiiglo female^ are ilivided from each other liy wtNiden |Nirtition«. 'Iliear partilitiiw, when furnml entirely of bam or araliiifd cannot offer mucli olMiriictioii lu the currant of air, and cuntri- btite awantlally to the prewrvation of order and morality. llavinK Iwttuwed commendation mi far, at hv ahler jtHl)(e« than myielf commendation lia« been allowed to lie due, I iiiiMt rcapectl'ully beg to be (lermitted lu tia}' my remark* al itiii |iuinl, lieyoiul which ftenvral iiraiie cannot 1(0. Short a* hai been my experience in the Immiffraiion l)e|iBrtmeni, 1 »hrinli from iMing individually the (trong Irrm* in which the Immigration Ikmrd have cenMirrd the numeroua ahnie* Utterly liroiighi under their notice, mid to use weaker tt-rmi would lie an injuMJce to their ffelin|;i ai well n« my own. I beg, therefore, Hin)|ily lo recal your Kxcellency'i attention to the teferal tpecial reporti made liy the Ikiard during ihe pa»t nine month*, if, iiideml, the fart* brought within your knowledge, liy the evitlencc apiieiulrd lo tliiM« re|NirU, are not mi deeply impre*ae inentioned in hi* contract to make hi* pnyineiit (ecure, he will ■*aure*e cheap furgeon* have pruveil utterly uiiqualifte^l for their charge, nnd have brought diK-redit upon theiiiM'lves, lot* u|ion tlieir employers, and wtirte ainsetjuences ilill u|)on tlioie who were committed to their care. In order to obviate »o grievous an evil in future, your Excellency will remember that the Immigration Ikiard, in n late report, te allowed to proceed in charge of immigrant tliipt, until lliey had been approved by the medical officer* aitnchetl to the lioard of .\dmiralty, or by *omc other equally competent and di*iiilerested examiner*. I trust that the adoption of tome such courae may lie (if it ho* nut already hten) recom- mended by your Excellency. Having been driven, by my recently gainetl experience, from ihe pre|io*ieaaion in favour of the bounty syttem, which, in ctimmon with nitiat of my fellow colunitts I entertaineil when I wai placed in charge of ihe Immigration Department, I have naluraily been ted lo consider luiw the goo«l which wn* in that ayateni could be retained in any other tytteni which might lake ita place. I will not venture tu intrude the scheme of such a novice aa myacif into the page* of this already long lle|iorl, but I to far trespaas upon your Excel- leiicy'k indulgence aa to annex the outline of a plan, which might, (lerhap*, be found lo coiTiliiiie the advantages of the two ayatems of immigration, known as the liounty nui\ (iovernmeiit syatema, which, unfurtunaiely fur the interest* >.f the colony, have ceated to Ih- ill concurrent operation. I cannot conclude this KefMirt, without making known to ;our Excellency the grateful aeiiav which I entertain, and which, I think, the public at Inr^c must enliitain with me, of the dikintrrefled exertion* made by Mrs. Chisholni in favour of the unprotected ami frieml- Iraa reiiiali'» who have latterly been landed in such numliert upon our shores. Wt;?n, in (-onae(|iieiice of inaltenlioii to a moat important rrgulalion of the CioveriimenI, r>r|uiring every tingle female claimant liir liouiily "to be under the pnitection of a married couple, as (brining part of the family, and destined to remain with it until otherwise provided for," n iiumlier of young women were landetl from every stiip, without employment, and witlHuit friends lo afford them ahcltcr tc protection, tliLa lady generously came forward lo rescue tlif made application to her. She has deserved my thanks in my olficiiil capacity, and I am anxious thus to record lliem. I feel REPOIITS KLLATINO TO EMIOKATION. NKW I fevl alio uniirr ohIiKttiont to ihiii lady fur hiivinK rnuiml the colonUu lo n mhm oC llic mlvantoge which thry wutilil dvriva rrnm the r»(ahli»hnirni of iteimii throughout the SOUTH WAI.F. rouiiiry for ili*- recrpiioii of iipwly.arrivnl imniiKraiiti, ami from nMocialioni to provide fiir — - till- omveyaiue of larffa JNNhc* into ihwir rniwclive diilrimii, at ihrir common coat. At hei No..'. iiird Hianlat. X\A May I Hi';. Kncl. in No. :i. lio|N<, that on the renewal nf immiuration they will lie genrrnl ihrniitflmut the country. iiliould rmiKration liecoinr, a* lliira i« now giNNi ground lor hoping that it will become, n great nalionni meiuure for the ri'lief of « ditlreufd population nt lioine, and fe left dentitule in the place wher* they may lie Imulftl, until the demand for their •ervicv* reache* diem there, but that ilipy will at oniv lie conviyrd into tliiMo diitricii where employment i» ready for tliem. 'I'lien- are iiNn ntlicr iiintitutiona, for which it will be the inlereal of 'he coloninlii, ni llicy look not for liilxiiiri'in nirri'ly, but for virtuoiii nnd retprclulilo lalxmren, to mnku large proviiion out of tlic wnilth which each accetftion of laliuur createi amongit ihcin ; 1 mean niMltutioiia for the ediiciiiin'i of the yuung, and tlie religion* in>lruction of all, who may be tempted to icvk a home uniongil them. The honeat and retpectable of the working cluiaca of (treat Uritain who mny lie diipiMed to emigrate will be most generally dirccteti in the choice of the land whither they ahoulil go by the advice of the parochial clergy ; iind that lulvice will ussurttliy (Kiiiit to thu«c countries where, in co-existence with worldly advantagw, the best provision is made fur the education of their children and their own rvligiuu* inslructiun. That., a* u Arid for emigration, New South Wales should iKiId out the*e odvanttiges, I consider to lie (if the utniint im^xirtance to her interestn. Your EKcelleiicy, licies of insurnnrc us will secure the Government against the loss of the moiety of the expenditure advanced in Kiigland. a. — That the surgeon superintendent shall be noniinatetl by the Colonial Land and Surgeons Super* Kmigralion C'onnnisaioiiers, who would doubtless reiiuire from their nominee satisfactory iiiteiident. certificates, not merely that he i* coiii|M.-tent as a medical practitioner, but that he is a per- lon |M>ssc**ing the still more requisite qualifications of huinraiity, deciitiun, uprightness, and self-resiiect. I'lmt after nomination he shall he reendent u|Hm the report of those officers. That to the surgeon shall be coiiiinitted the sole charge of the emigrants, ond that the officer* of the ship shall be suliordinatc to him, in all matters concerning the emi- Kruiils. Thiit it shall lie the duty of the surgeon to make himself acquainted, as fur as possible, with the previous history, character, and callings of the immigrants under his charge; and that he shall lie required to present a complete list of them to the immigration agent, on hi* arrival, with u note attached to the nnme of each individual indicative of his eligibility, or otherwise, as an emigrant. 3. — 'I'hut selecting officers shall be opjiointed in such districts of the United Kingdom as Selection ofeini- inay Ih' deemed expedient, and that they shall be under the general superintendence of the grants. Colonial IjHid niul Kniigration Commissioner*, but that their pay, or the greater part of it, shall be derived from the Colonial Government, by way of head-money on every immi- grant who may be approved by the Immigration Board in the colony (deciding of course, a* now, according to establishetl rules), after pei'sonal inspection, oud after consideration of (he report given o? him by the surgeon superintendent. . C7I.) G 2 44 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. (A.)-NEW SOUTH WALE& .... A RiTVMM or the Number of Bountt Immiomaiits, who irrivfdiil I No. NAMES OF SHIPS. SYDNEY. of Arrinl. AdulU. Childrm. 1 Williun Money 3 1 OuiKn - s ! Vcffccl 4 Stimtt . S Ariadnt ... s FrrKuaoii • 7 i AIIM - 8 ' Sir (hwln Forbw - 9 1 Connd - 10 1 Muqulr of Huting* " 1 York .... 19 ! Jww GiffiMJ 13 Poathumoui M 15 CnorciuM AtgjU, I.«ndan 16 Bmthm 17 Portland IR Glnuwill; 19 IWrkUiirc W Sumi« 29 Mofbli ■ M Duchna of Kurthumbfrlaml HI Franklirld 39 F-ari Ortv .1.1 AchillM ■ • . - S4 Herald ■ « Royal Saion 36 ' Knjrland 17 Elkn ■ 18 Georxe Fyfle 19 Queen Victoria . 40 Brilliant - 41 William Abriinu 49 Waiminuer 43 Burrainpuoter 44 C«det 45 Paul . . . . 46 Eleanor 47 Eliiabeth 48 William Melraire - 49 Forth SO Frtcy ^1 Globe 39 Kunnymedc • .» Adam I.odlte U .SlralhAeldtaye .15 John llenwick - 56 t'hiii* 57 I'niled Kingdom - 58 , 59 ' Forth ro Canton (>l .MitUlt'wi fi9 llioma* Arbuthnot 63 Agricola 64 Fnmure 65 Willijtn Turrwr - 66 JaiTut Moran 67 Intrinsic 68 Lail) Krimaway 69 l.irm^^one 70 OlheriiM Jamie^m 71 l.^-winiU-r 79 Ghiidlvy - - 71 New York Packet . 74 Victoria 75 .\yr4iire . . . 76 IKamuod ■ 77 ' Fairlic . . • . 78 I.ame 7') 1 IViiiidad DO I..Mr - H W»ll«» Malea. Female*. Maiea. Pcmatui, S a 15 i 19 ; 91 I 31 I 4 I 6 ! 13 13 95 Jw. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. March I i March 1 1 March 1 1 i March 1 1 ' March 13 March 9.'! March 98 March 99 April 4 April 6 April 13 April 14 ) April 14 ; May 14 I May 31 : June 1 June 7 ; JuiH> 94 July 19 July 15 July 17 July 17 July 91 July 33 ! July 96 '■■ July 96 I July 96 j July 30 I 18 86 81 I H8 75 108 99 IIW 84 IU5 IH 1U4 105 77 Aug. : Aug. 9 I I Aug. 17 I Aug. M I ' Au?. 93 Aus. 97 Aug. 98 Aug. 98 Aug. 98 Aug 30 Aug. 30 Aug. SO Sept. I Sept. 7 Nepl. 7 .Sept. 16 .St-iit. IH .Sept. 1 8 St'|il. 1U Oct. 9 Oct. .1 I Oct. 4 . Oct. ■: Oct 6 Oct. 7 O t. 19 Orl. 91 Oct. 99 Oil. •Ji Oct. 91 »M. 94 (Vt. iS Sot. 4 No*. 5 Nov. fi ' No No No 6 II 96 69 61 85 !»9 130 91 M 5 90 87 86 lU) 16* 81 HI 69 !«9 (.7 :i 13 >>4 1115 8.1 59 59 105 95 7i 133 I 86 64 147 84 88 89 39 48 65 70 68 85 63 111. 96 9 1:W III 71 M S« 107 79 III 99 109 5 114 99 los 7« 144 IM «0 IT M 99 70 79 17 99 9 SO 39 99 .SO 95 97 5« 95 9U 68 5C SI 40 49 II 14 60 91 51 19 39 14 W 7« T IS 11 13 4H 61 94 .'Ml { IM 34 88 n 41 ■II ^ 54 I - • 1 17 II 17 14 M M 94 10 14 40 97 93 99 4« 94 <5 60 97 95 95 I as 4 94 ! *> 91 30 6 4 SS I 04 69 i I I I II n II 10 39 91 10 M 99 9« 94 11 ToTAt. 995 6S 900 94< 9 9fi0 914 301 996 991 945 154 •SI 191 955 199 946 an 169 »91 911 996 911 907 «)» 344 934 978 17 990 951 911 996 447 907 931 154 9«» 997 944 45 *>4 9NH 9 09 I4H IV5 PORT PHILLIP. Aduhi. Maha. ! Ftnulaa. 9 59 it 94 61 37 17 113 8 59 114 lUO 99 135 5 61 108 90 99 99 41 41 8() 53 3 60 11 I OS 81 65 18 110 8 111 85 95 104 114 19 69 9« 99 99 SO 51 48 IIM 61 107 CMMfia. Make. I 46 3 IS 38 90 15 4 45 99 55 14 5S 15 99 94 91 19 19 37 99 I 11 90 16 TnJ Famalea.! 9 80 S 18 16 1 94 9 15 4 16 94 14 16 16 II 96 19 6 59 91 14 17 99 ml ml _ 13 51 < 41 tin 47 ml Ml W ] 3I.<| ill l-l i:«l ill I «il 9V 9*'l ll-'l ijjI REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 45 NTS, who arriTtd iiJ p II I L L I r. CUMfM. Mala. Fmuln.! T«iJ i SO 9 la 16 84 9 IS 51 « 41 94 14 IS Ifi 39 •M 14 17 It JH ■JH »<• l» •i»' « H" it ■ml •Oil am XI J '1 rcl •^1 SJi (A.)— NEW SOUTH WALE& IColony daring the Year 1841, with Total Cost of their Introductimt GRAND TOTAL. Adult*. Male*. Ftmaln. 3 3 3 53 II 94 91 68 18 86 SI 81 1 57 87 88 7i 108 9'i 100 84 lis 8 40 S9 33 65 68 163 114 loo 105 18 l(H 99 135 105 86 77 5 61 108 69 61 85 9'i 130 83 91 93 S 90 87 88 86 loo 164 83 HV 101 90 9V 9a 43 81 €i 69 93 67 43 80 53 71 IS 94 96 i 105 8:1 5» 59 103 3 9 3 60 11 103 105 81 25 78 9 133 1 65 88 86 64 147 84 88 89 no 8 S9 89 48 70 85 110 85 95 96 9 130 104 114 111 96 71 19 69 98 89 66 107 79 111 97 99 109 5 114 99 106 103 T« 144 1U9 104 80 99 99 9() 53 87 58 68 99 79 48 .05 61 79 17 94 107 190 88 41 54 103 Childnm. M*l«(. Fciml**, 1 46 3 13 99 15 9 19 9 18 »8 90 50 39 99 30 19 39 15 4 38 45 95 97 56 95 99 55 SO 61 14 53 50 15 38 Number or Soul*. 9 9 30 3 18 17 16 11 17 1 14 24 9 36 36 94 90 14 40 15 4 37 34 93 99 46 '.'4 13 51 95 60 6 41 S7 16 95 93 94 94 14 40 35 49 35 11 4 14 94 60 43 91 8 1 93 91 5.1 90 1 6 19 4 39 33 18 16 14 8 96 94 76 63 7 H 19 16 19 16 19 n M7 96 99 19 1 6 36 99 16 18 49 59 15 10 48 3:1 33 93 90 14 l« 17 63 38 5 10 SO 66 97 V:l 34 'J9 45 :I6 :il 94 8 II 47 30 6 7 9 188 98 998 935 180 69 90O 7 946 9 184 904 960 914 301 996 991 945 953 94 154 997 138 191 955 399 934 301 946 90 369 993 943 99« 913 911 17 170 944 996 911 907 909 344 909 934 978 17 •jai 951 998 911 996 447 907 991 910 919 947 9:«) 103 9:1:1 154 938 •JOU ■-■97 159 919 147 944 45 304 953 988 959 I4H 195 303 Amount pcid, or itill due, Bounty. £ 108 115 194 9,703 448 3,968 3,991 3,046 919 3,391 106 4,956 98 8,798 3405 3,096 5,105 3,689 9,899 3,754 4,497 954 8,096 3,493 1,995 3,945 3,679 5,488 3,991 4,450 4,114 980 5,346 3,969 5,336 4,699 3,648 3,919 393 9,617 4,1.;4 3,974 3,043 3,799 3,479 5,194 3,605 3,890 4,:)05 995 9,956 3,87 1 3,856 3.791 :i,i;-.'4 6,837 3,798 3,759 3,569 3,769 3,866 3,773 1,849 :<,549 9,4.;o 3.3'-'3 :i,«:ll 3,:I0» 9.151 :i,(i75 9,186 3,4.59 6.50 4,407 4,179 4,680 9.7H9 9,137 9,154 4,604 Amount paid, or itill du« ai Gratuitie* to Suigeont, Oflcar*, &«. O O O I o o i o o O o o O o o o o o o o o o o o £ : 146 15 39 16 198 16 907 15 167 17 57 II 186 O I 936 5 O 167 9 189 8 998 3 195 IS 954 906 S 909 17 O 188 19 6 997 1 90 8 193 4 908 19 117 8 176 7 917 993 14 916 18 974 14 984 9 TOTAL COST totbe COLONY. 399 14 914 11 313 5 966 15 197 18 13 O 19 15 160 10 995 9 906 9 193 10 O 187 19 191 6 6 311 II 193 13 914 18 O 954 6 O 903 O 999 7 O 909 16 O 134 19 3 904 9 405 19 O 189 O 903 199 10 O 198 3 939 4 911 10 86 O 914 1 1:19 1 9:k> 4 187 10 O O O O 909 19 6 1 39 4 90I O O 105 4 9 64 14 O O O O 38 5 979 O 931 18 963 16 998 4 138 16 114 4 9U0 6 £ 108 115 134 3,849 480 4,166 4,138 3,819 969 3,517 106 4,488 38 8,065 3,694 4,074 3,991 5,959 3,895 4,094 3,949 4,654 374 9,158 3,700 9,049 3,191 3,889 5,775 4,907 4,724 4,338 980 5,675 4,166 5,649 4,895 3,845 3,995 935 9,777 4,379 S,580 3,936 9,910 3,670 5,505 3,798 4,104 4, ,559 995 4,159 4,100 4,065 ;l,«55 :l,828 7,949 3,917 3,969 3,761 3,960 4,098 .1,984 1,9.35 3,756 2,589 :l,553 .3,818 3,506 2,991 3,876 9,991 :l,516 688 4,679 4,403 4,943 4.017 9,975 9,968 4,e94 13 6 I O 8 O 10 O 19 O O 10 O O O O O O O 6 O O O 4 9 M O 5 O 18 16 O 4 O RKMARK& The •• PcrAct " arrircd in 1840, but the imall number of immigrants landed flrom her at Melbourne were not included in the dictum for that year. The " William Money " arrived in 1840, but the nnall number nf immigranta landed from her were not paid for until 1841. Payment of the bountiei on the im- roigrantt per ** Brilliant " has not yet been authoriied. (71.) G 3 Th« nmoiint atUvltvil to the *• GruiiU U'V " immigrants ik att estimate, tlte eipeiiHe of their conreyaiice to MelbotirKe liaviiig Ikkmi tempttraiily dvtVayeit by the Home Guvermnt-nt, anil being iniknown. 'l*he iinnn- grunts \e\\ Seotland in the " Inili^.' burnt at twa, were landed nt Kit), and traiuinitted trom thence untU-t the direction ufthe Consul. Payment of the bounties on imnu. grants per " Wallace " has not been authoritvd. (tfoafiHMCt''* 4« REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. SYDNEY. PORT PIIIL.tIP. h« NAMES OF SHIPS. DMa of Nu. Adiih*. ChlMran. TaraL. Adulta. Children. ToTlL :^ Arrinl. ] Malea. Female*. Male*. Famalea. Male*. ; Female*. Male*. Female*. 1 1 ,^^H Male aa Franen • Not. 98 99 31 18 14 91 89 84 Jowph Cunard Not. 98 Not. 90 103 101 54 .36 994 71 69 44 35 919 ^^H KM »s Mary Niion Not. 30 - - - - - 69 79 5 II 150 8C Altatraa • Not. 30 85 130 43 94 969 - - - - - 87 MarnuU of But* • Not. .10 ~ - - - . 80 78 99 94 994 88 Dec. 3 - - - - - 56 67 19 17 ij; 89 Comrt Dec. 3 70 «T 19 7 i:« - - - 90 Columbine Dee. 3 87 91 40 99 947 - - - ^^^H 91 William MltcheU • Dee. 16 - - - - . 6 9 1 *. 16 9U Ward Chapman • Vte. \r, - - - - - 86 86 71 63 xm 86 *1 93 AgiiUina • Dae. 17 - - - - - 49 50 7 4 IM 94 Alia ■ . Dec. 19 - -. - - - 1 9 9 1 6 93 Tropic - - . ; Dec. «H 1 - _ _ 1 - - - -. - ' 96 WillUmJardine ■ ' Dec. M 78 86 16 17 197 - - - - - 78 V7 97 Emerald Iile ■ • ! Dec. M S7 48 6 4 85 - 1 - - 98 Oilmorc - . Dec. 94 - - - 99 99 91 9 9J1 99 LaUaRoolih ■ Dec. !t6 38 58 90 19 155 _ - - - - 100 Lady Clarke ■ • | Dee. 96 7J 98 90 99 915 - - - - - IS Hi 101 Aleiander . . - Deo. 97 Totat • - - 89 107 94 18 931 4,300 4,5 lO ' 1.J94 { 1,353 1 1 11,757 9,881 3,089 i 974 I 890 7,766 7,189 S.B.- Of the abore number of ihipa. 89 were iipecially fitted out for the conTeyanca of i mmigrant ^^^H ^^H this cu (B.)— NEW SOUTH WALES. .... Return of the NtliTC Couiitiei of the Bounty Immigrants, «rha arrived in the Colony iluring the Year 1841 ; Enoland, Scotland, ENGLAND AND WALES. North Coun Northern Countie*. Southern Countie*. MidUnd Countiet. Eaatem Countie*. WALE& CoantiM. No. of Soul*. Countie*. No. of Soul*. Counlict. No. of Soula. Countiaa. No. of SouU. Countie*. Nu. of Soult. Northumberland • Cumberlaod Wnimoreland Durham VorkJiita - ■ .ancaihire ItleofMan - 49 67 94 17 371 809 99 Kent ... fiuaaex Sorrejr Ham|Hliire ' Brrkitliire ■ Dorvtfthire Wiluhire Somenetahirc DcTui»hire • Cornwall - GueriMey I. - - 300 349 108 89 20 49 62 991 95.S 120 16 l>frbyt>hirc > NottinshaniKliire Sufl'onUhiri' \VMrwick\hire M't>rcff«t««hirc I^'iceaiffnUiirc ItiiiUmlKliirc Niirthjiin|)ti)ti llurkinffhAin OnfunUliire (MtHir«sl«rkhtre M (Hiinou ihsl t irv ilrrtfardvliir« i 1 86 99 80 6<) 40 96 4 93 98 29 919 94 37 95 Lincoln Norfolk . lluntingduti Cambridge SuRulk • UeJfui-d - Hertford ■ Enei - Miildleiet ■ 48 48 10 9.t 19 5 94 65 4IS ('•ernarvuntliiro - Dviihighiilure Flinifthire ■ Merioutfthftliire Mnntgtinierythire . ('ardtg«nkhir« l(«dt.iinitiir« IVnihrukrfthire ('Mi.nnnrthfnkhire - ItrtvlditK'kiliirv GUlnurganthire > AngliMea - 4 III 1 1 :I9 .1 1 98 8 Caithnc Suthrrli K»».>h Cmmar Nairn tuTcmt Murmy Hanir Abrrde KiltcM Fortan, Fifiidii Kinroii Clark n Perthsl Orkney land 1 1,34.'! 1,72S 6^8 1 " V.J.-T>i. r.iul m iiiIht fr iin KtigUiiil, Scotland. ^M Uhl Irvla ^^^^^> (C.)-NEW SOUTri WALKS. OIW. Ul IIIC AOK AND 8KX. NATr»* COUNTHY. ADtLTS. CHII.nUEN. TOTAL. EafkuHi and Walaa. Scotland. Ireland. Mala* Wtmim M.U. Ana IS to 18. PVamTtoK. \ Vnmlta'. Uiidar 1 Year, | alwTc 18. aboT* 15. Male. Female. Male Female. Male. 1 Female. T,ias T.49* 1 159 »«• 1 (16 ' 1,187 1,065 «M 1 SM 19,599 4,M9 1,616 13,344 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 47 ULIP. dnn. r— TOTIL FvmalM. 14 93 — - 35 1119 II IJO 34 W4 17 ]Si - - .. . - In 63 30ii 4 \m 1 6 - - - - . . 9 sai Ifl 831 1 830 1 7,7fi6 e^yancc of immigranli ; the Year 1841 ; .AND, Scotland, WALES. Nil nl Suuli. rdntliiro ithiro hkhire rirryihirv t rUiirc ■ntihir* kdiirv toitiirc 4 10 I :!9 i I an H Kiiglaiid, SrotUnd, mil. Irrbntl. << ' IM,^i44 GRAND TOTAL. Amount "•H, or ■till dua, H OraluiiiM to Surgooni, Offlnn, &c. Amount piiii. tir Mill ivi. H Bounty. TOTAL COST toth* COLONY. Adulu. Chllilnn. Numbn of Souli. REMARKS. MalM. Fenialn. M«Im. Fmnian. £ : J. £ 1. d. £ : d. ■29 SI 18 14 93 1,345 83 18 1,488 18 103 101 54 36 894 4,476 875 4 4,751 4 71 69 44 35 819 3,180 •-'30 3,340 68 78 5 11 15U 8,638 119 6 8,741 6 MJ 130 83 84 868 4,.S50 801 13 4,551 13 80 78 38 34 884 3,377 309 16 3,586 16 M 67 18 17 158 8,538 Mi 18 8,676 18 70 67 18 7 156 8,801 149 11 8,950 11 87 91 40 89 847 3,844 336 13 4,070 13 6 9 1 16 885 13 16 897 16 86 86 71 63 306 3,360 10 397 10 3,^88 A moiety Of the bountiea cl^^iicd on 4'i SO 7 4 103 1,803 lot 5 1,904 5 1 •i 8 1 6 77 . 77 ■• Ward Chapman " has been re- 1 - - - 1 19 19 fuMxI. 78 86 16 17 197 .3,306 303 14 .3,509 !4 J'7 48 6 4 85 1,460 84 5 1,544 5 98 90 81 9 8'JI 3,804 808 19 4,018 19 Tirenty-flTe per cent, on account of 5H i» 80 19 155 8,394 803 14 8,597 14 tbe imioigranti per " Uilmort" 75 98 80 88 815 3,507 194 18 3,701 18 remains unpaid. H'J 107 84 18 831 3,84 1 U 807 4 4,048 4 7,183 7,599 8,.568 : 8,173 i 19,.«3 .309,718 10 17,.387 18 10 387,106 3 10 to tbii culo ny. 'llic ■ggTcgite ineuurem ml of the w lole number of khip 1 is about 36,170 Tuns. . . . . (B)— NEW SOUTH WALES showing the Number from each County, and the aggregate Number from each of the granil Sub-divisions of and Irklano. SCOTLAND. IRELAND. Northern Countica. Southern Counties. ULSTER. LEIN8TER. CONNAUGHT. MUNSTER. Cuunlica. No. of Soub. Counties No. of Souls. Counties. ^\ Counties. No. of Souls. Counties. No. of Souk. „ .. No. of Counties. j g^^,. Caithnoi 18 ^inburgh 357 Donegal 416 Ix>ngford 113 Le'trim 76 Clare • ■ 856 Suthrrlaad - Hnss-ihire . 13 Haddington - Bvrwick.hire - 85 SO Londonderry - 881 West Meath Kait Meath - 174 106 Sligo . 53 Kerry - 68 Cnimartie L- Hoiburgiikhire 81 Antrim 467 Ixiuth 137 Mayo 68 Cork - 948 Nairn InTcmcaft-shire 4 34 Selkirkshire • IVbles 5 14 Fennanagh - 671 King's County Kildare 371 194 Galway 778 Waterford ■ 118 Murrayi/r Elgin 18 Lanarkshire • 858 Tyrone 1,064 Dublin 604 Roscommon - 868 llpperary 8,886 Banff - AlHTilt^n 6 54 Dumfrieaahire Ualluway 48 87 Down 357 (Queen's Co. • Ca'Iow 1.S5 !)8 Limerick 1,090 KnicKntine • 11 Ayrshire 110 Cavan 487 Wicklorr 163 Furfarvhira • 74 Dumbarton - 85 Monaghaii Kilkenny Wciford 359 FiU'^ire 181 Argyleshira - 69 148 KinroN* 9 Renfrewsliire 94 Arni;.gli 338 Clack nisn nan 8 Stirling - 1 35 FvrttMiirr 140 Linlithgciv . 8 Orkney and 8h<4- 6 Bute - 8 land liln. 5tM 1,113 4,818 3,596 1,836 5,894 aiht Ireland reapvcttTely, are sliuwn in Keturn (C.J - (C.)-KEW SOUTH WALES. Bounty Immigrants, who arrived in the Colony during the Year 1811. RELIGION. EDUCATION. MARRIED MARRIE OR SINGLF. ADUL TS. Nt;KnER OF ADULTS WHO CAN D. SINGLE Roman 1 Fms. Protrttants. Jews ! : Catholics. , Ilimkcrs. r N 1 1 i 1 "^iir ' "-"-» Neither Bead nor Write. Male. Female. Mrtle. Female. 10,009 9,476 37 ' H,643 8,961 3,178 3,485 3,396 .3,758 4,803 (71.) U ♦ 4» REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. (D.)-NEW SOUTH WALES. RcTi'RM of the Number of Diathi and Bikth* on Board Emiohant Ships which arrived in the Colony during the Year I8»l ; and alio of the Number which occurred in Quarantine. ON THE VOYAGE. IN QUARANTINE. ORANO TOTAL. REMARKa 0«ii». Biitlit. Dnthi. BiltlH. 1 IMMIORANTS, In Uw niimlwr of dmtha mi liirthi tn WHERE LANDED. s . 1 = 1 iz i Included iIhm* which ocrurrad amiHipi prnrnnn who were |>UMngrni in ihi|n runvtyiiiK ttounty iminiRranim but wlio Hi* number of nichpcnomwhottrrivcil in ihc cokmy during; ih« Year IR41 wu \\w PliilHp - . S4 it 8 30 304 141 1 - 1 97 69 10 - . "1 . - 4oa 193 197 M fDlli>wi:_l,(Mi!) adull malm, T'.'n •dull fcinalck« Drewmak^ra 1)^)1 jr miiJt 1-4,111 Hiriiinti (;>-ncral lmu«« lerraau I{<,-iiMiiiaitl3l l,.H8 19 2 30 33 51 77 _ 1 1 7S IT 1 1 . 1 18 59 ' 9 B 18 70 34 1 1 95 33 3 9 34 343 93 54 77 419 18 i 3 - 3 31 £ a. 93 45 10 44 O 43 O 51 O 36 43 38 45 O 52 O 25 O 47 10 35 26 :W 45 O 47 10 51 94 O 54 O 57 10 34 O 45 O 47 10 X 1 4 a' 30 9a' 16 19a'30 IUa'l5 IOa'18 I2a'l5 8 a' go I2a'3(> fi a' 1 .1 12a 26 l()a'14 «a'l3 5 a' 1 3 HKMAHKS. According to the cuatom 'of the cdonjr, food and Iwlging are almP«rwcek. Tea.3oi. . I O'ra'l^ '"''•■- J The elolliing rnjuircd hy a labourer and hia wife, ami iu average c<«t in llie rrinote, and «m.ei|uently movt ripenaire diilricla in the country, ia aa fulluwa : Ijilxiurer : £ t. J. One niuleakin jacktt • O ,3 Two ve«l« - . 8 II One pair molnkin Irniucra - O 12 One pair fliiah Iroiiwrt . - O 13 Kour >hirt«— 3 regatta, H». ; 2 Kripad. 5a. O 13 'Ilirrv pair tioott One fthcphvrd'fe ciiat 'Iliree pair locka Tvo liandkerchief* Out- pair blallkcu One rug One mattrcNt One ktraw hjt 7J1 1,7<«) 2,4.51 452 1,299 1,751 ^-art I I Total . - f 7 17 » Wife tine print dri-w - o 10 (» One intrino drr^t * . . I 5 o thtc Baiiliel |M>ttictMlt • - - O 10 l> Kimr pair huae . . U 10 <> 'I'hrtv |>air khijea . . 3 f, I'nur ca|H O 5 1) One ihawl O 10 II 'litre,- *hiA« • . • . IJ t) One |Mir ktar* - . • - O 1.5 o Ilirvc apriini - - • . o f, o One atraw bontiet - i) h ii rorat • . £e 16 h 'Ilie wire* of labourer* (if their aeraicea arc require.1 III iirtlinary farm n«-,Mi]tatiiiii>) r,T,-ive aoinrwhat Irak Ihanoiivhalf of the wagt'a,aiid atxiut I an tlllnU iif ttie quantity uf ftM,.! alUiwrd im the hu^liaml. lioya lif an age for wuik may iibtain frmn H/. to \kU, |Hrr aimiim, with fiMMl. ^'■lung cliiltlren rnpiirinj^ the rtmatant altcnilanri' <» the rriKage- nieiil f%\A wt-ll.di'iiig of near -cm lug iiiiiiuganlii, ami illiinigraliK •>■ riHulubeird niuM lie saliaflnl with a imali |ieculiiary cum|ienwlioil for their labour- REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 49 olony during the ARKa (F.)— NEW SOUTH WALES. A RiTu«N of the Total Number of Immionanti of all CImmi wlio arrived in the Colony during the Year 1841. draiha and birthi art ich o>vurr(d anvinpt > l i MMli mn in ilii|n immlgnnli, but vim M bounty immigranb. ikpmaiuwhoarrirtil nKlhcYaulR-ll wu 9 wlult nulM, T'.'l I nwlt childmi, uui in ) nwLiiig • iiMal of ;h, iddwl lu the niini' nmlKnuiu, malin a p«nuna Uiulcd fruin Rtli profcued to the la*t Quarter ON BOUNTY. UNASSISTED. GRAND TOTAL. IMMIGRANTS^ Adulla. Children. i Aduiu. Cbtldrtn. Adullt. CbiMin. WHERE LANDED. i l! i i i 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 < Sfintj Port Phillip . . . 8,S8S i 4,510 3,069 1,593 1,354 974 890 1 11,757 7,766 1,568 493 876 166 838 68 913 55 8,895 789 5,868 3,376 5,386 3,155 1,831 1/M8 1,567 875 14,653 8,548 Total • 7,1113 7,i99 8,567 8,174 19,583 8,061 1,048 306 868 3,677 9,944 8,641 9,873 8,448 83,800 Btmari In tht nunbtr of unmiitad immlgranta ire includod 187 mIiiIi main, 381 adult braald, and 78 ebildrm, who tmbarkcd aa bounty iminigraiila. but vara not paid tot bjr the Oaremnient, In eonicquenec of their Ineligibility under the Colonial Ragulatiooa. Ihe colony, foiHl anil alloweil to mtt-iliMir lh» HMinlry diatriciv > demand fur labour llowed ii aa folluwi ^4 iwr wo«k. urerand hiawifr, ainl nd r«mMM|urnlly Tnu\t ry, ia aa fullovt : £ : J. 19 O H (I O lit I) IS II Mripcd. 5i. O 13 O 1 lU II I 10 O O 4 « OKI) VJ O 5 O O S 18 - f 7 17 6 (O.)— NEW SOUTH WALES. * , A CoMPAkATiVB Statimint of the Yearly Amount oflMMioaATioN during the several Yeari. from Ut of January 1838 to 3Ut December 1811. 1838. 1R39. 1840. 1841. GRAND TOTAL. IMMIGRANTS, WHERE LANDED. 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 4 < 1 1 i 1 3 •< Sydney Poll Phillip • . - 6 J 08 1,478 1 7,480 7,858 564 8,803 150 10,654 714 4,875 1,481 1,997 543 5,578 1,964 ! 11,757! 9,895 7,776 ' 788 i 14.658 8,548 99,986 9,751 8,478 1,475 38,458 11,92G ToTAt . ! 6,108 1.478! 7*580 8,416 1 8,958 11,368 1 5,696 1,840 ' 7,536 i 19,583 3,677 83,900 ! 39,737 9,947 49,6M Immigration Otiee, Sydney,! I4lh May 1849. J Fbancii L. & MuawiTBiB, Agent for Immigration. HI , I'! lo (1 1 .1 II o 10 o O 10 < ,. O ,1 O 10 II O t.J (I O 1.1 K () N o o .€6 l« f> 'r*uT« are rr<|utrt>.t M. thv hitUianil in from HI. to KV. Ti«l«nt allcnilanrr mi* (i, itif vitffngv- itiiiiig iininif{ant«. niuftt liv utiafii'd ituuiiHi for their No, 4. No. 173. Copy of a Despatch from Governor Sir George Gipps to Lord Stanley. No. 4. Sir George Gipps to Lord Staniev, 20th Sept. IS42. My Lortl Governmvnt House, Sydney, 20th September 1842. of I HAVE the honour to forward herewith the Annual Report of the Committee '"••ui^fr,,, oi the Legislative Council of this colony on the subject of immigration, as also a <*•:'. No. /. J*^ copy of the resolutions which were passed by the Council on the last day of its "75'''*'on», VTT session (the 9th insUnt), adopting and approving the Ueport. ~~— i_ Having in my despatch, No. 88., of the 14th ot May last, addressed your Lord- ship fully on the subject of immigration, I feel it unnecessary to accompany the Ueuort with many observations. The view taken by the Committee of the probable want of immigrants is, I lutve reason to believe, correct. There is not, it appears to me, any actual (71.) H dearth so REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW dearth of labour in the colony ; but there is ground to apprehend that, ere long, SOUTH WALES, a scarcity of it will again be felt. ——■'— With respect to tlie project of a loan, I beg leave to state, that I still adhere to the opinion I have often expressed, that we should endeavour, if possible, to do without one ; but that if the want of immigrants alone stand in tlie way of the prosperity of the colony, and we cannot obtain money to pay for the |)assage of them in any other way, we ought not to shrink firom resorting to a loan ; remem- bering, however, always, that we cannot raise one without the assistance of Her Majesty's Ciovcmment. We still continue to sell but little land ; but our ordinary revenue suffices, I am happy to say, to cover all our expenses. I have, &c. ' (signed) Geo. GiPPS. P.S.—l take the liberty of enclosing a. printed copy of the remarks whicli I made in the Legislative Council on the 9th instant, when the llejH)rt of the Committee on Immigration (whicli is now enclosed) was under consideration. (signed) G. G. If Kncl. I. in No. 1. Enclosure 1. in No. 4. Report from the Committee on Immighation; with the Appemlix nnd Minutes of Evidence. Extbact from (he Votes ami Proceedings of the Legislative Council, Nu. 2. l\ie*day, 17lh May 1842. 2. Immigration : Committre appointeil to consider the question of lnimij{rntion generally, with '.he view of ascertaining tlie present and prospective demands of ilie colonists for labour, anil how the same can In* most efTectuully and economicully met ; with instructions to take evidence, if necessary, and rt'|K>rt: — The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Australia. The Hon. the Colonial Secretary. The Auditor-Cieneral. Mr. Jones. M. H. H. Macarthur. Sir John Jamison. Mr. James Macarthur. His Excellency the Governor then laid upon the table the undermentioned Papers on the subject of lininigratiun ; viz. (I.) Report from Francis L. S. Mrrcwtther, Estj., on the subject of Immigration gene- rally, for the year 1841, with nn Appendix ; to be printetl. (2.) Return of the Numlior of Immigrants landed in New South Wales, Iwtwoeii the 1st of J!inuary IHil and the 30lh of Aprd Ibi'i, on whum Bounty bus lieen refused. (3.) Return of the Amount of Quarantine Expenses charged agninst parties imiNirting Immigrants on Bounty into New South Wales, between the 1st ul Jainiary 1841 and the SOth of April 1842. (1.) Return showing the Number of Permissions to import InimigruiiLs on Bounty, granted in the several quarters of the years l)etwcen that which ended the S 1st DecenilaM' 183T and tlic quiirter endetl 31st December 1 8 tO, which j)ermissions respectively exnire«l in the several quarters between that which ended on the 3Ut December I8.3U ami the Sl^t December 1H41 ; showing, also, the proportion of these pennissions acted on and the proportion not actcti on. (5.) Return distinguishing the \uml>er of English, .Scotch, and Irish Immigrants intro- duced into New .South \\'ules during the year 1811. (fi.) Return of the Numlicr of Immigrants Inmlfd in the Colony of New Siutli M'olcs ; on whom Bounty lius lieen puid, or is now payuhle, in conformity with the Regulations of Sd March 18 iO. To be referreil to the Committee on Immigration. Report from the Co.m.mittee on Lmmiuration, 1^12. llie Com.mittke of the Li-.iiisi,ATivE Counlii^ nppoiiucd on the I7th Muy 1842, to consider the question of Immigration generally, with the view of ascertaining the present and prospective Demands of the C.le^l provitlid n supply of laboin- stiiricieiit not only to remove the dearth which iK-forc pievaikcl, but to accumulate n disiKMable amount H . • of REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. -ftl Appendix (A.) Appendix (H.) Appendix (C). (Ca.) Appendix (D.) of that commodity to which reooune m«y be had, until the period, not very distant, it NEW mny be hopco, when the coune of events shnll admit of • further supply being furnished. SOUTH WALES. Between (lie 1st of July 1841 and the SOih June 1842 there have been introdooed Into ^— — _ the Port of Sydney 4,009 men, 1,663 women, ond 3, 186 children ; 1S,S51 persons, on account uf whom bounties and gratuities, amounting to S05,7T4iL 8«. M. have been paid. Within the tame interval there have been landed in Port Phillip 8,720 men, 2,910 women, and 1,750 children; 7,380 persons; and the attendant expense has been 122,789^ Si. 3d. Uetween the same dates, 1,395 individuals have arrived on whom the bounties have been withheld, on various grounds of ol>|ection, to the amount of 22,567/. There have arrived niso 2,300 persons not claiming the assistance of Government; thus 33,426 persons have been adtted to the prdingly o question with your committee, whether they ought not Innes, Q. 25. to recommend the abs«ilute discontinuance of a system imder which it has been provetl Savnge, Q. S, that such abuses could be practised; and that recommendation they would certainly not withhold, if they could be satisfied that those abuses formed on inseparable part of the system. But they have hesitated to take that extreme step, as past experience has shown that the bounty system admits of being curried on without such attendant deceptions and with a superiority of advantage to the colony in point of economy over any other system which has hitherto been attempted or proposed. After the largest allowaiice has been made for the number of useless and unsuitable persons who have so satisfied the letter of (he regulations, as oidy not to be rejected, and whose ser\'ices must therefore be coiisitlered as dearly purchased, it yet remains certain that coses of an unexceptionable nature hove preponderated, and in a high proportion. It is impossible to look around in any direction without discovering instances of skilful workmen and of industrious well-conducted families and individuals added to the comm(mity by the operation of the bounty system during the period now under observation. It would therefore be as questionable in point of justice as of policy to abandon a system productive of such uiuleniubie advantages, on account of some attendant abuses and defects. At any rate, it should not be given up so long as a reosonoble hope remains that such abuses can be suppresseil, and the public Iwt enabled to obtain the benefits of the system without its atteiulp.iit drawbacks. It is right to bring into notice, that whenever s breach of tlie regulations isi detected, the bounties ore witldield; and therefore, olthough there may have bwn brought to the colony a nunber of individuals from whose residence in it there is but little prospect of any benefit arising, yet the public is at least exempt from all charge for their conveyance. The prominent feature in the bounty system is, that it provokes and enforces strict inquiry into the character and qualifications of every individual introduced by it. Aim! if it must Ik; presumed that objectionable cases do frequently pass unde- tected, in spite of the utmost vigilance which can be exercised, it must be ailmitted, on the oilier hiind, that siniiliir coses might iKCur under ony Iercwc(h«r,Q.2-(. s.ivig(, Q. 3-t. Inno, Q. 14. ISrowne, Q.42. NEW bation the attemptt which have been mndc to evade it, ttill it woulil ba by no meani just or SOUTH WALES, chariimble to oonclwle that the unprotected are uiiifunnly unworthy. — — ^— — NeverthclcM, while titcse contiderations in mmvt degree abata iIhs unfavourabla impre^ lion created by the detection of so many abuies under the bounty lyalem, your com* mittee ttill M, after ervry allowance liaa been matle, that there remain* evidence of improprietiea which can icarcelv be apokrn of in term* of too great severity. TIm diip«>> tilion to n^ort to such practices cannot but lie clieckeil by the numerous examples of severe pecuniary Iom tusiaiiieti by the characters of emigration shipa, through the refusal of the Iwuniics in all cases where abuses have lieen discovered; and this coiiv< munity is under the deepest obligations to the Exectuive Government for iu firmness in imposing those penalties. Should that check, however, prove iiwufflcieni, and if no other can be devised to prevent the recurrei.'ce of Kvstematic decrplions, and to sup- press such frequent breaches of morsls as have accurre«l during the |Mst year, your com- mittee must, \n fulfilment of their duty, recommend the abolition of the svntcni. The points which they consider to require especially a corrective or total remodelling are the following : 1. Tlie mode of certifying the age, occupation, character, and identity of the parties who are permitted lo ambark us bounty emigrants. 8. Tlie mninlenance of order and morality among the emigrants during the voyage. Upon examination it will appear that the present form of certificate, even with the checks devised by the Colonial I.aiul and Kmigration Commissioners, is extremely defective ss n security against imposture. From the appearance of many of those cerii- ficalet which have lieen brought under the notice of your committee, n suspicion is excited that the alterations and erasures which they exhibit have lieen effected sutMeqiientiy to their attestation, niHl with a purpose clearly fraudulent. These certificates, it iippean*, are generally place«l in the liniuls of the liouniy ogriiis after the commiuiuners agent has nnaliy mustered the parties, and lins ceriifie«l tliiit he kces no reason to doubt that they are really the persons (iescrilNid. It is therefore plain tlint there exists no security affainc* the subseiiuent introduction of false statements ; and the evidence taken before this cornmittee affords full proof that some of the parties entrusted with the certificnies are not incapable of such dishonesty. As a check upon this, it is recommended that all such certificates should be delivered up to the government emigration agent when he musters the parties; and that he, after having signed, transmit llieni to the colonial secre- tary at Sydney, or to the superintendent at I'url IMiillip, according as the vessel may be cliurtcred for one or the other destination. Some question may still be raised as to the safety and expediency of die agents of Government in England granting any certificates, in however general terms they niny be expressed, because it is scarcely possible that they khoulil not be construed, by parties interested, to imply some degree of ut least negative upprovni. Thus regarded, lliey tend to restrict the exprenion of a jterfectiy unlellered opinion liy llie liourd here U|H>n the qualifi- cations of the inimigrunls, or it is felt as a hardship that llic liounty should be withhcUl upon parties who are supjHisod (however erroneously) to luive Iwen ufliciuUy approved Hruwnc, Q. 32. Iwfure tliey left Englaiitl. liut ^supposing liiat the system of rrqiiiritig certitii-ntes, as at Mcrewether, Q. 23. present, is to lie upheld, your committee would pro}io£e the fulluwing alterations in tlui .''I. details ot the estahli&ned practice: Meiewellier, Q. 44. '• It i^ recommended that the declaration by every applicniil fur a free passage should include a statement " that he or she has not |itiid nor pruiiiised to pay, nor to his or Ix'r Savage, Q. 43. 46. kiiowleiiig ileelaralloiis, as at pn-seni, liiit should he coiiiuiiieer ; and when signed liy the tieigymaii and magistrate, sIk)uKI lie liy one of them lorwaideil by |i««t tlireet lo tlie t oloiiial l^iul and Lmigralion Comniii^ioneis. In addition lo ilie present liirm, every sutli cerlificatc should leslily '"that the applicant, and die re!i|ieclable liouscholdeis, are known by such clcrgyiiian and ningislratt- ; and that all uliicli is altcsletl, us lo lliu uge, character, and occupation ol the parly pro|Mi»iiig to eiiiigrule, is true." Vour annniiltie repeat llie txpii-ssinii of ilieir doulil whether certificates (>o»iiii{ m tnii«rHie, without impeaching, in some ilijrree, the privilege ol witiilioidinn die Ixiuiily lor such |>urties if their exniiiinalioii here k-tore die iniinigrolioii Hoard should prove iin»jiti»ractory. Uut assuming that such ttriificates arc lo lie reiMiiiig to cluint a free passage on bounty; and that it should be studiously made public, so that the parlies inleresuU should be fully apprisetl of the fact, that such inquiries would lie made, and the result stated to the colonial secretary at S'.vdney, or lo the superiniendent at Tort I'liillip. This course of proceeding, while it >. ,• would ^%.^ ^^.^ ■r.-r-' REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 53 would be enmpt from even that degree of implied approval which the present cerliflcate, however qualified in iu lermi, may be luppoaed to carry, would tuggett voluable liinu for inquiry to the Immigration Uoard ; and by the augmented dread of detection which it mutt ioNpire, would have the effect of deterring me bounty ngcnti in England from attempting or conniving at any evasion of the regulations. The government emigration agents resident at the several seaports are tlie persons who have the best opportunitli-s to detect and baffle such unprincipled attempts as are proved to have been resorted tu during the post vear; and on the part of those gentleman it may lie required and expected, that both as relates to investigating the correctness of certiAcatos in favour of emigrants, and to the arrangement* for their health and comfort during the voyage, n more active degree of interference should be exercised than they appear hitherto to have considered to form part of their c ty. But tlie most indispensable improvement railed for is in the description of persons filling the office of surgeon to the bounty ships. A moment's consideration of the circum- stances under which the passengers by an emigrant ship are brought together, and must be associatetl d'iring the voyage, will sufficiently sitow the importance of the station filled by the medic superintendent. Even if that most becoming provision of the bounty system were punctually carried into operation, according to which parental superintendence or family connexion should be pledged for the security of the most defenceless, there would still remain such offices to be discharged towards the passengers as none but a man of firm- ness, discretion, forbearance, and benevolence, coulil oppropriiitely fulfil. It was with die desire and expectation of inducing medical men of suitaole qualifications to engage in the einigralioii kervice, that your committee in 1840 advised the adoption of that part (among others) of the government regulations which establishetl tlie payment of a gratuity to the surgeon for every approved bounty immigrant landetl in tho colony. Their surprise and disappointment have lieeii equally excited on discovering that tliis provision has been perverted from its proper design, and has gone to swell the profits of the emigration agents instead of being cntploveti, as was intended, for the better protection and management of the emigrants during the voyage. This is a point of such vital iinportonce to the preser- vation of health, order, and morals in the bounty ships, that your committee have directetl their most assiduous attention to the best means of remedying the evils, which, in the course of the present inquiry, have been brouaht under their notice as arising from the want of proper medical superintendence. They believe it to lie unquestionable, tlint surgeons of thts navy would be the most proper nnd eflTective officers who could be appointed to the siiperinteiuleiice of emigrant vessels. If their employment in that service should be sanctions by the Ixirds Commissioners of the Admiralty, your committee entertain a hope, that tlieir lime, while so employed, might be allowed to be reckoned as a period of active service. They also recommend, that the pay, allowances, and gratuities of surgeons so engaged should be on the same scale as was fixed in the government immigration vessels; and that the pay and allowonces, no less than the gratuities should form a cnarge upon the sum to lie issuetl in payment of bounties for each vessel ; and that the payment should be direct from the Coloniol Treasury to the surgeon, without coming at all into the hands of the sgent. SliouTd it be found impracticable to obtain the services of naval surgeons, the next most desirable expedient whicii presents itself, is the engagement of surgeons who have been previously accustomed to the sea, and are of suitable cliarncter and age. This would require tlie establishment of some satisl'actory test for asctrtainiiig the medical skill and the scarcely less important personal qualifications of parties seeking the appointment now under con- sideration. It is the opinion of your committee, not only that the power of nominating the surgeon should lie aliogetlier removed from the owners or agents of the vessel, and transferred to the Commissioners for Colonial Lands and Eniigraiion, subject to the prcxluction of proper professional and other recommendatory certificates, but that the amount of remu- neration to be received by the surgeon should be fixed at the discretion of Government, and the Cimtmissioners lie empoweretl to conclude an agreement with him accordingly, authorising him to receive payment by order of the governor, on swtisfiictory pijof lieiiig afforded of lii« linving duly liiscliurged his duty. Ry this means the combination now sul>- itisting lietwerii the medical officer nnd the bounty agent, to whom he looks for his remu- nuraiiuii, would be broken off. 'I'lie surgeon would become, as he ought to lie, a virtual officer of (•overnment, under an obligiiiion, arising from both duty and self-interest, to use lii.s liest exeriitins for the welfare of the emigrants entrusted to his charge, and to render to the cohmial government a fair and iinportial report of them, according to the best estimate which his opportunities of intercourse and observation during the voyage have enabled him to form. During the 12 months ending with the SOtli of June last, immigrntion has been carried on to an unprecedent extent ; the numbers aitiled to the population from tliat source alone having been, as was before shown, 83,42G. Nevertheless, those new arrivals, with excep- tions too few to affect the main position, have rapidly found engagements at wages, wliicli tliough somewhat reducetl, are still sufficiently liberal to satisfy any reasonable ex|>ectatioi.s u'liicTi could have been entertnined by the immigrants themselves. 'Hie occurrences of the period now under consideration have satisfieii your committee, that in their previous reports they have not at all overstated the want of labour prevailing in the colony ut those periods. 'I'liey can aico trace the soundness of that policy by which large masses of ]Kipulatioii were introduced ot once into the colony. No fewer than 1,000 have sometimes arrivetl within a period of two days, and although the entire number did not full to obtain (71.) II 3 employment NEW SOIJTH WALES. Ai)|)«n(lix (E.) Merewether, Q. 40. Suvagt, Q. 1 4. Iniitx, Q. 10. 3;i. Urowne, Q. 15. Merewetlier, (j. 21. Urowne, Q.20, .'I. tliristie, 0. 24. Appendix (K.), (F. a.) Appendix (U.) Miles Q- 3. '*' -^itth,.- &t REPOHTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. Savior, Q. .'lO. Innn, Q.3;, 3H. liruwnr, Q. 4tf. 60. Chriiti*. Q. 3:1, 36. Miles U. 4. MrrcweUicr, Q.40, 41. •'i Milo, ti. 8, 9, 10, Sioll.O.lO. NBtV emplajmeiit within a period lurprisingly ihort, ytt ih« mkliiion of 10 many wrvicealile !«OllTH WALES, hand*, all irvking « ngngcnM-nti at the Mine inilant, couki not fail to priMluc* an efTt-ct in — keeping down ihe ((I'lieral nite of waget. That elfcct would not to certainly Imve foijowpil if the mme number of cmigrnnts had l>ecn brought in kmall detachmrnli, and nl more distant intervals. At (he uune time, although wage* ItaTe been 10 far reiluMtl an in tome degree to meet the circnmstnnce^ of the employer, they liiive not fallin lielow that level which enables the labourer to proTiselt' and family. Neither are there symptoms of a su|ieriibuiiur. Their (tersuasion therefore, founded upon such experience, is, rather tnat immigmtion, even to the extent here contemplaten the ordinary average of nuinliers intrtNluced. It might not be prudent to lay down as a positive cerfiiinty that such will be the case, but all reasonable probiibiliiy apjiears to countenance such an expectation. I'niler these circumstances, nnil deeming the continuance of immigration to be altogether inili^ivnsnlilc lo the improvement and even tl>e maintenance of the c«»lc»ny, your committee have natur.illy looked with very great anxiety to the condition and prospects of the land fund. The villi! importiiiice of this question cannot lie doubtetl, when it is recollected that ii|N)n (he pr(Kluctivene>>, of the land fund depends the continuance of immigration, and that the contiiniancc of iniiiiignilion i« indispeiisahk to the welfare of the colony. In having lh<>ir ntteiilion ilirectttl 10 the virtual cessation of tlie side of Crown IhiuIs, it hiu liecii ini|><>«!>ihli> for your rommitiee to omit all consideration of (he causes to which that sloppriitp ie adopted by the Im|ierial I'urlinment, and what niuy Ik- the minimum price ultimately >il)le not (o iicknowlrdgt' (lie sound discre(ion exercised by the Home (■overnnifnl in cir- ciini«cril)iiig the iiahililitni oC lliu colony, lij bringing emigration (o a pause so stxin m that lifeline U'gnn 10 be seriously apprehendi'd. The decision of the .S-cii'laiy of .'stoic (o that i-(f»-c( Wiis ccinmunira(e(l in n despn(cli from I^)rd .Stanley to .Sir (it-ortjf t«ipj>s ihiled «lli Fi-liruiiry, in the prcM-nt year ; and was founded ujion a reiiort of ihe ColoninI Lund and Kniigralioii Commissioners, to whom nn official return had tieen referr«tl of the amount actually reciive«th Wales, on acaiunt of land sales in the halt yi-nr eniliir- ;«lih June 1811. The cnmniiMioners, judging from die data before them, fslii'iiatiil the balance in hand applicable to immigration on the Ist January IM-iii, at 6S,li!t/., iinil (lie prululile net receipts of the land fund during tin- prewni year nt t>i,9UI/., milking a(o(ul ol 1(10,325/.; subject, however, to liabilitien fi>r imniigration charges during the first three or four months of 181V, to the amount of 1 18,200/. The surplus expected to be actuiilly applicable to the continuance of immigration during the remaining portion of Anpendii (H.) (H. u.i (H. Ii) (H.c) (H.d.t iceij.g. ir. 18, IK. Apprndix (I.) Co.. Q. 8. Sc. It, Q. 13 Hi-Mill, Q.3. Miicliell, Q. 10. REPOKTS RELATING TO EMIUIIATIO.N. a NEW soirrH WALKS. Anpemlix (K.). 1K.«.)(L.) of 1849, wu tialed at 4>,I8&/. It will appear, from documents annexed lo thii report, linw exceetlinglpr the produce of the land revenue, during llie priient year, has Tnllen stiort of the nnticipalions enterininctl by the commiMioners ni its commencement. The notiflcu> tioii i>f the colonial ftovernment, of its inabiiiiy to meet (he t)oiiiily orders ci)iull(ioniiliy issuoti*, and iImi decision of the Secreury of Slate to suspend further eniigrution on bounty orders f, nppcur to haw lieen more iIniii iuttified by the event. Vmm the stiitenicniH l)eforti ik'ni your committee collect, that the enrliest occasion on which the interference of thu home authorities was solicited by the colonial )iovernmrnt, for the purpose of prevent* ing too extensive an emigration from the United Kinffdom, during the yenr IH4'^ wnx on the 8d Novrinlier 1841, at which time die desired interference (though of roiirMi not yet known here) hml actually taken place in England. The same measure hail therefore,' at nearly the same momrnl, suggested itself to the Home and the Colonial Guvernuientt ; and this proceeded solely, in each case, upon an apprehended want of funds. No traces ore to Ik: met with of an imprenion anywhere prevailing, that further and continual immi- gration WHS iiot iiulispensable to (he welfare of the colony ; iii least it does not app4>ar that any expression of that opinion, or rccommendotion to that effect, is containetl in any pnrt of (lie official correspondence between the Colonial-offico niid the government of this colony; of uliich, so iur as it relu(es (o (he suspension of enii)(ratiun, your committee find copies nmimg the papers placed liefore them. The want of funds is die only ground assigned liir that sus|K-nsion t ; and the duly of your committee is therefore limited to con- sidering in what ninnner that olwlarle to the advancement of tlie colony may be removed. Iiule|>en(lenlly of the relief which, in the opinion of many of the witnesses examined belMrc them, might bo expected from n rcductiim of the minimum price of lands lo its former rate of Af. |H-r acre, (which subject, as being now in the hands of I'arliumeiil, your com- niiltcc have declineil at present to pursue,) they have directed their attention to liie pro- |x>sal, which has already lH>en more than once before ihein, of negotiating a lonn on the !*ecurity of the unsold Crown lands of the colony, the pructicahility and expediency of which was specially refe/retl to their consideration by u voti: of council on the 7tli of June last. iteviewing the opinions upon this point, which they deliberately recorded in dieir leporis for lt3U ana 1840, they arc fur from discovering grounds for departing from those opinions, but are on the contrary more fully confirmed in ihciii by nil which has since occurred. Vtiiir comniiltee have also the slron;;i'st reasons for lie!ievih)r, that the parties who in the furiner of those years expressed their sense nf the [xilicy of raising a ItNin, have Kiiiec h.id their Hot impressions in its favour streiigdiened ; and that many others, who wxiu lurinerly undecided or opposed in their senliinent.s lo the pro|NH>ed measure, may at this lime be numliered among its advocates. In reconmiending that recourse should be had lo a loan, your conunitleu would be uiulerstooose of introducing diat popuhidon; because, wherever people arc occupied (o their own Ijeiiefit, they must be every year adding lo the resources of the guveniinont under which they live; and so, by their consumption of taxable articles, or by the pin-- chase of land, swelling lioth the ordinary and the land revenue, will infallibly provide ample resuuices in repaynient of the outlay occasioneil by their introduction into the colony, lis re!>ources must Im: multiplied ami expanded by llie etfoits of an industrious population, and »ill equally languish in its absence. In support of the expediency of resorting to u loan to ](.^.{v, (j. ,j^. provide on the instant lor ihe cost of immigration, your conunilter cannot but express their j)ci'.iuasion, grounded on observation of the occurrences of the preceding years that the policy is exltemely (jueiitionable of absorbing a large proportion of thu surplus of disposable funils of the coniniunily in the purchase of lanil from Uoveriunent, aiul remitting the whole amount in payment for luUmr imported. In this way such a scarcity arises of that circulation which is required to carry on die internal hu^ines!i of an active community, diat the interehan^'u of all coniiiuMlilies Itir money is nearly suspended, prices arc beaten down to a ruinous >tale of depression, niid it becomes more and more difficult to employ labour, even while (lie necessity for it is urgently and increasingly felt. All these incon- venience!), your committee are of opinion, would be much abated if the iiilroteiiib Geuriic Ginos to Lord Sliinley, 1 1:11 M..V IH.|.'. (71.) " ' ' " II 1 '■ pcnditure, REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NBW pemliture, m wril as in ihc Anal mull nf ih« application of iha funiU which it ii prnpowd in M>l)TII WALES. raiM in thii manner. No pari of any IcMn which may Ite raimi on ilic cmlil of lh« colony - will be wiihilrawn (mm ihc IJnilMl Kingdom, but ihe wlwla will Im Mpamird in th« ailvancrmcnl of lh« lhre« chirf ami lracn(lix (().) (I*.) January 1841 and SOth of June 1843 the number of immigrants from Ireland alone has (Q.) (R.) (S.) aniountitl to I6,M02; while tliose from all other parts of the United Kingdom have been no more thnn 8,438. *It is the decided opinion of your committee, that sudi a distribution is praclicaliy iiircjiiitnble townrds the nunt contidcrable n »liutever system iminignition is henceforth to be conducieenient, ri>MeU with emigrants suil from a very limited numbier of ports; in roiiM'queiice of which, while such as linve ready access to those |iorts enjoy an umiue pri-ference, the greater [lo.-tion Imth of Kngland and Scollnnd is almost precluded the opportunity of proAiiiif; (ly tin' cifTrr of a free passage, and therefore contributes, in a very inconsideralile liejrree, roni|iaraiively, lo increase the population of the colony, 'llie only remedy which your committee can propose, is the same as was suggested by tlicm last vear; that the stations of vessels for the conveyance of emigrants to this country should lie M) distributed among the poru of the United Kingdom as to afftird just facilities to the iniisbiunts of every quorter ; and if it lie found impracticable under ilie bounty system to secure such distributiuii, ttuy would consider this so serious a defect in that system as to be almost of itself a sufficient reason to be urged for iu discontinuance. Council ChaiulK^r, 8li .August 18 i2. W. G. AUSTHALIA, Chairman. * Ileturns : Appcnilii ^T.) Mortality on board 8liip». A|>fiendi« (U.) Ships pUred in Qusraiiline. A(>|)endi« (V.) Uutrantine Ks|icns<<. Apfiendix (W.) (X.) (Y.) Alxlract of ilie Ittturiis from tlie ('onimiuioiicrs of Crown Lsiidt, sbo«rin^ the numtier of |R-rsoni oooupying Citations be;OaJ tha lioundsricn, ttis I'opulslion, eslvnt of Cultivatioo, siid number of Lrfve Sluik. N(i. 1 SI A H :l II 4 Q .1 III K ('• 7 Fa n Kl ■>*l ID r.i Fo 11 l>« I'J Ol 11 llu 14 Ad 1.1 lot l>. Ch 17 L'n IS (ii If) C« ■K) Wi ■J\ Jul Vi 1 t« tf;l l.i> V4 N« IS Vif •in Ar ■Jt K>l ■JH\ Ut J> ' Tri ■K) I.n •11 Joo40r Aug. T . 'i a t - - - «9 89 40 S3 3,974 900 9 3,380 9 (1 Ciulti - 1 |i 11 1 s - - - 01 66 49 33 9,043 193 10 3,930 10 T Pnrl - 17 • 1 3 . - • . «5 107 11 4 .9,793 187 19 9,910 19 H ! KIrannr - 89 * s • 4 - -. . M 79 14 94 9,479 191 9,070 6 Ciloh* - <« .> - . • • - _ 4 3 1 r, 993 • • ■ 993 (> 11 ltunnjpmvick ■ - .-HI - « 1 1 - -. - H7 99 39 33 9,871 999 7 4,100 7 1.1 Bapt. 1 S S 9 1 - - • Rfl lO-i 14 8 3,791 194 10 9 3,833 19 3 1'. Chin* 7 - t a 1 - - 1(1(1 76 90 94 9.694 904 9 9,898 S 17 t'nilnl Klngtlom - - 7 - 1 19 «o g 7 - - _ - 164 144 76 03 «,8.97 4a1 19 7,949 19 IN (iilbcrt llmiik'non . 16 « - « - - — ■ - 83 IU9 7 8 3,798 189 3,917 1!) ('anion - IH _ - 9 1 - -■ 101 HO 13 16 3,369 199 in 9,701 10 Jl) VVilliam Turnir . Oct. 5 1 - .1 1 - - • -1 «> 87 36 99 9,349 914 1 9,736 1 Jl J«mn iMiiran - H . - 1 - - - _ - «« 38 10 18 9,430 199 1 9,389 1 ■ii I July Kcniiaway • - It • 1 a - - - - - 09 99 13 10 9,|i "i 9* 04 SO 60 4,407 (. ■^ 979 4,679 JT Kairll* No*, t - .. S 1 - - 103 190 34 99 4,«S0 963 16 4,949 16 •JS 1 Ijirn» - 8 s 1 9 1 - - . -1 M 88 43 96 9,789 998 4 4,017 4 o ■j-> ' Trinlr(6 909 14 3,309 14 :I7 1 Enwralil M. - W . 1 1 1 9 • .]_ -i 97 48 6 4 1 ,4liO 84 3 l,.144 3 IK IMt UixAh - W . . . i 3 . - . 38 38 SO 19 9,194 903 14 9,.197 14 i«* Ijlrfy I'larkr - as INI'i; ! . ~ 9 4 - 1 ■* 1 - 73 1 98 SO 99 1 9,307 194 18 3,701 18 K) .March ontvofBulv Jan. 7 -I| 9 9 1 . . _ - 110 107 49 36 4,607 996 19 4,963 19 41 Vi,\xm - 7 -ll 1 9 9 - - • 83 78 99 91 9,969 187 13 3,430 19 IJ Dukt- of lluiburKh - 1(1 1 11 a ! 4 9 9 - — _ 6ft 77 93 99 3,004 183 9 9,.'49 9 O n Anne .^ftliia - 17 1 1 9 1 H S I 1- • _ 84 74 44 98 3,493 910 10 3,709 10 O 14 A|[o«v l''«)iig ; - 1H 1 S 4 ,4 1 1 t , . ,. 70 78 as 41 ;l,398 yl3 19 3,743 19 4'. MtrfATvl - '^4 - - II i 19 i - ! - _ _ - KXI 97 17 16 9,948 O 913 19 4,101 19 4ii ('■rlltauinian - VN j li 1 - 4 1 9 1 : 9 - • ' - 1 — 07 37 96 30 9,690 40 10 2,742 10 O 47 tU^» - !(9 4 4 9 9 9 1 - t- 1- -1 " 80 97 :io 3,...-l 199 13 3,300 19 4S V( iiltain 8lMrpI«a - - an a 9 9 - .1 _'_ -' 114 118 69 33 3,978 310 19 3,394 19 11 Alfml - 29 ! 1 1 9 _ 9 1 . • "•'■• - 87 76 98 S6 1 3,499 199 3,021 9 yi Mathaaia* . ■ . so 1 1 1 11 I'hamiiiiMl - V-h. 19 il 1 4 3 3 • • - - - 90 91 33 1 3J 3,H(i9 297 1 4,090 1 O M Adu« - 19 . . - a 9 _i_i_ 80 \ 86 43 33 1 .9,H99 909 9 8 4,091 9 8 ',) llrouoi - IS 4 S 11 10 9 9 - -!- -: 91 1 193 39 47 4,s«4 308 14 O ; 3,179 14 .14 Sir Kil'arJ Fajtrl i - '■• - 11 1 ' 9 1 - 81 70 99 99 1 3,999 910 6 9,45.1 ti .1.1 iWah DouTord - 13 1 1 9 1 1 i I I'li: 34 Hi 93 90 9,940 141 4 2,487 4 .11. Naliob - HO . . 4 19 3 6 - - i " - 39 38 97 94 1 9,393 163 4 9,«Si; 1 17 l<.>fal (Img* .Mar. 9 . _ _ 1 _ _ - ' - ! - 3 1 _ _ 114 . 114 O .'.t ■ ■almioe - 6 1 1 _ 4 1 - . - '- 79 ! 89 99 19 9,149 189 13 3,1S1 1.1 (1 V» \ViMMll>ri(lg« - 8 1 u 1 4 J a ■ . . 90 88 93 94 3,697 910 17 .9,S47 17 li M) Sir Cliailn Napiar* Apr. 10 Tulalt ■ _l _ _i_ - - 1 . 14 3 1 - I - - - - 138 4 lj8 4 O — 1 — 4 " and •• Sir Cliarin Napier" thi' foliiiwiiiK cliKililo liounty immigranin arrivrd : — Mair niltilK, 77; female adults, ft? ; iliii iliiii. .;l (olai, 1!>3. Ilui iMiuiilin on llirir ati^unl were disnilowrd t)y iii> Kii».'ili'iii'y tiic CJoYcriinr, in coiiw(iiiiiiif of an uiiutisluclory iwirunihiiicv ul ttiiir eooUNcI on ih* part of liiv itnportvis coupled with tiic proved uccurrciic* of great irregularities during tlie paasjige. M;. liiitniKrBtiafi Offir<>t S)dnryt 1 Kiih AuguM lH4ir. / Francis L. %. MKnewRTiieit, Agent fur liiimigraiion. (71.) REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. W BUTU.- of P«.os.>bo «n«d »t '°^\___________ -q -1 ' 1 1 BojfilS«o" 2 I Enf «"' 4 ' BriU.»nl' • BriU.»nf • j WilUun Abnna WmUir. Mf»«Jf roth MkUlttn - XhonM A*»«J>no» I Agneoln "I n i 18 19 iO 21 22 43 33 34 "S Ln*nd i Am - oq i OllBKW JO ! AkuiKl«» - ,j ' Rubric B«nn W.lluun f'>rf'»' SI«.t;n I.ulhei- MKll'lB t " , B»fulu« „ ! Uim»)iJ« • L«,d and tmift"""' *-■" REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 50 Retuin, ihowing the Amount of Bounty Refused, and the Cauae of luch RefuMl. during the Year ending 30th June 1842. NEW SOUTH WALES. CAUSES OF BOUNTY BEING REFUSED. Ineligible cnlliiigs .... No certiBcMtes produced - • - Stated to be single in their certificates and without proof of their marriage ■ CertiScatei unsatisfactory, from having erasures alterations, &c, - - - • Certifixates not countersigned bjr the Gurernment igents at the port of embarkation Enibitrked u married, but found not to be so Married, but not accompanied by husbands Married, but claimed for as single t Weak and infirni. and not likely to be useful Unhealthy (bounty still payable on their pro' duction in health) .... Insane ... - - Died immediately after arrival Left the colony immediately after arrival Notorious improper characters Not under proper protection ... Under Age - - ... Otrer Age .... Nut produced before the Immigration Board Under assumed names - • Married, but not arcumpanied by wives Concerned in theft un board ... Kiigible, but not accompanied by an equal num' ber of sinjjle females .... KliKible but nut paid for, in consequence of the non-lnllilment ut contract, and neglect on the part uf ibc importers ... t Totals - Hi 71 2 • 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 4'2 145 9! 71 22 73 45 255 36 19 15 13 5 10 3 3 29 398 4 7 3 25 Amount Refused. 5,344 855 314 537 126 174 •397 152 133 343 57 114 220 627 7,562 114 552 57 19 87 119 1,387 3,277 570 i 22,567 * Including bounties on 17 children by whom eight uf the women were accompauied. t or these women one was married on board by the muster to the second officer. ; Comprising l,3!)ri individiiuN, including' children. Immigration (Jlfice, Sydney, I 22d August IHI2. / FlANCIS L. S. Mf.REWEI HF.M, Agent for Immigration. Connra^w"*"" ' N./j. — The j>er-ceiii«ge of di»allowebvwn in returnit extending uver a longer period. It will therefore be found to differ from the resuK of a calculation based on the iimount! txliibited in ik* rcturus here printed. Council OIBce, Svdnev, 1 Fuanci» L. S. MeHEWt i ura, 2Jd August IH4'J. i ( lerk of CuunriU. (71.) I i REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION sOinH WALES. been wholly or [jafi'*"? " — — T^ 3 H I r s- Ahoukt. Queen Victoria New York rtcWet Alb»iri>»» Caitbagioi*" M»the»is Agne* Sir Charles N«pi« Totals ,„,migr.t.on Office. SycJnej. I U 689 ir> 10 riii ^' * ■ i f ' t m\ r .u. «.t Juki S4 1 wU'e^O** •>'""■ I'ort Phillir VS59 3.<>Ta -.i^^ '■"'' ^■"■"^rr.^li,^'^'} Extracts 1MMK.KATIOW &'>*«0. TV " Q"*"* J'ic'"'^-' • • ,, * .- we enUTtuiii no ilouU- REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 61 c t 10 «ion. was sanctioned or even connived at by that gentleman •7e are far from assertinf^ ; but we do NEW think that from easiness of disposition, and perhaps from too great freedom with the immi- SOUTH WALES, grants, he lost his authority, and was obliged to pretend ignorance of practices which he had i ■ ■ ■■ no longer the power to check. • • « • • • • The sale of spirits is an irregularity which appears to have existed on board the "Queen Victoria," and from thr. admission of the surgeon, to have received his sanction. He states,' that on a petition from the immigrants he permitted spirits to be sold '^ consequence of the bcdness of the water. This indulgence, if so it can be called, we cannot too forcibly condemn -, and if the excuse for its allowance were as strong as it appears to us to be weak, we still couid not but think the surgeon guilty of great neglect of duty in not carefully superintending the distribution of the spirits, and restricting their issue to such small quantities as would answer the purpose for which they were given. • • • • • • ' # The next case, that of J C and C W , is one in which, we regret to say, fraud is combined with neglect. These parties appear to have been received on board as man and wife, and according to the surgeon's statement, they slept together for some weeks, when they quarrelled, and declared that they were not married. They were then separir'ed, and C W took her place among the single women. Certificates suitable to their single state were then fabricated on board under the direction of Mr. , acting as attorney for the agents in London, and such signatures as are usually attached to these documents were inscrtetl. These certificates were deposited in the office without commciit, and J C and C VV weie passed by the board as sing'ie people of g(K>d character, without a remork from any of those persons present who were aware of ilie circii instances of the case, except that when C W wos found to be without the rcqiiiftitc protection, the surgeon came forward and said that she had been under his special care. • • * (signed) Francis L. S. Merew ether. Arthur Savaoe, R. 1'. H. H. Browne, J. P. W. H. Christie, J. P. J. LoNo Innes, J. P. Ue 30th J«iii<- I.;*' TWT«' 1 !.*• Ml' TTte " Elemor." ' * * h will he sufficient for us to obseiv;, that evfii though the plea advanced by Mr. in his letter to us should be admitted and the ofTreightei's should be deemed release«l, by the approval of the Government agent in London, from all blame as to the faulty construction of the water-closets, the lumbered stai? of the decks during the early pan of the voy.»gp, the manner in which the immigrants wire crowded in consequence of the lorgu space set opart for intermediate passengers, and the most inr dequate supply of medical comforts, are fully sufficient to warrant our conclusion that the progress of the disease wns mainly attributable to a want of proper precaution and rcprtf to the comfort of the iniiniffrniiis, and that the affreighters should therefore be required to pay all the expenses of the quarantine. We cannot conclude this n-nort without expressing a hope that his Excellency will take steps for the absolute prohibition of the sale of wine and spirits on board emigrant shins. U'hether or not it is the intention of Messrs. & , when they " put wine and spirits on boani for sale," to draw an odditioniil profit from the pockets of the poor emigrants, such, it appears from the evidence given in the present ins'ance, will be the eflect of die practice if suffered to exist. In ali cases where these articles are required for the health of any individualb they should be issued without charge as medicol comforts, and in no other cases, we are of opinion, should they be issued at all. As the best mode which occurs to us of putting a stop to this pernicious practice, we would suggest the itfue of a public notice, that the gratuities of the siirgeon-s. nerintendent and officers will be «lisallowcd in all cases where the sale of wine or spirits may be proved to have taken place. • • • # • • • (signed) Francis L. >S. Merewether. Arthur Savaoe, H. N. W. H. Christie, J. P. J. Long Innes, .[. P. H. ». L'rowne, J. P. no doulii. the witnt^ .'• 'Ihat It was (71.) I 3 .sOlTTH U'ALES. REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. T%t " Marchioneu qf Butt." • • • • • » • • • • We enclose Tor his Excellency'* peruMl aome oertificatet produced in favour of immigrants by this ship, in which alterations and additions have beien made in the descriptions of the parties, and made, we have good reason to believe, in Uie office of the gentleman in Liverpool, employed by the importers to superintend the selection of their emigrants; we are not disposed to recommend the disallowance of bounties in any other cases than those above mentioned, but we think it our duty to submit these docu- ments to his Excellency's inspection, as the alterations made appear to us to be of such a nature as to show that the main object of the persons by whom they were made is, not that the emigrants ;ent should be of the best description, according to the colonial order, but that they should present su';h an appearance as would secure to the importers the colonial bounties. • • ., , .. •. . , • • • ♦ (signed) Fbancir L. S. Merewether. W. S. Christie, J. P. ' The •• Duke een duly snpplinl willi a tufliciencv of wholesome provisions and water, and with reawnably comrorlalilc uccomnuidalioii ;" and we must add, that a want of order, regularity, and decency ap|>ears to us to iiave existed in this ship, which is in the higlicist dugrev diitcreditablc to all parties concenieiL We cannot, therefore, recommend the payment of any portion of the bounties cluitiied. \\'(- mu&t furilier report our opinion, that the conduct of the surgeon and officers of tlli^ ship lius be«;n bO disgraceful as to render it a iiuitter of regret to us thai we cannot be iIk- incunii uf vi^itiii^ tlicm with u heavier [K'nally tlian the luas of their gratuities. M • * • * NVe feel it unnecessary to bring prominently forward any otiier reprehensible points in the surgeon's conduct, but *ve must express our surprise that n person so ill-ediicuud, and of so ill regiiluted u mind, as his letters to us !|> Q-24. less " Farm Servant," and we have tlierpfore recommended the disallowance of the bounty claimed on his account. The other account, that of T P , does not exhibit the same extravagance on the part of the immigrant, or any just ground for suspecting his ineligibility. We have not therefore recommended the disallowance of bounty on his account. But though more favourable as regards the purchaser, this case presents a feature very discreditable, we think, >n the chief officer, at whose hands he purchased. It appears, that when this man's money was exhausted, and exhausted in procuring articles distinctly stated by the surgeon and master to be unnecessary, he was allowed Uirther to purchase unnecessaries on his giving his watch as security for payment on his arrival in Sydney. The watch is still in the hands of the chief mate unredeemed, in consequence of a dispute about an item in the bill. • •..*.•. * • * * Though fully satisfied with their conduct in other respects, we feel it our duty to recommend that tne surgeon should receive five per cent, and the master and chief officer one third less than the sums to which they would otherwise have been respec- tively entitled, in consequence of the above stated circumstances connected with (he sale of provisions. •••••» (signed) Francis L. S. Merewether. J. Long Innes, J. P. Aktbuk Savaqe, R.N. H. H. Browne, J. P. (a) Mr. M — — 'a Account. 1841 : £ $. d. £ s. V '"*.•/;' ,hinR e\»e lhem«ere.yv»». • hinRe\»e. ine-^^- J^^^tt^^^ '^ - ""= jrteT'i:^ 'to " aie in the ....Ut of the.r lnnu>re.lmnonoj -^^^^^ !u.;t..action -'"-■^'^i;: :;ii;;;i;;;l.cnt of l'-\'i^;P:We U.^n>..vecon,uh=redi«t rt:^;™:i^v: ::B:=,^i^f;:;;^ :,iit^,;'Sti^ REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 65 We will now conclude this division of our Report by stating our opinion, that in the .^'^^V molt important provision for the hcnith, comfort, and convenience of the passenger*, and SOUTH WALKS, that on which tlie efficacy of every other provision depends, namely, the selection of a ■' ' ■ ' surgeon superintendent, the nfTruighlcr lins shown a carelessness which we cannot too strongly reprobate. And as to the uncleanly state of the vessel and emigrants, to the want of cliissifiralion, and proper treatment of the sick, to the non-separation of the sick from the healthy, or, in other words, to the inexperience and incapacity of the surgeon, we attri- bute maiidy the origin and progress of the disease which caused the establishment of the ?|UBrnntine, we ore of opinion tluit nn this ground alone the importer should not be relieved rom any portion of the expense with which the qtmrantine was attended. • * It appears that the immigrants were allowed to bring on board blankets, &c. which had (teen in use for un indefinite period, nnd tlint the articles so introduced into the ship were not inspectetl by the afTrcighter or his agents. It also appears that the emigrants were not reouircd to provide theni-eives, bclore cnilmrlcrintendent of the emigrants; fo( his services in this latter capacity he was to receive but a promise from Messrs. and , that if he served them satisfactorily, they would asniitt him in obtaining from the Colonial Government the usual gratuities ; which gratuities would be jiaid as a matter of course, if the conduct of the surgeon were salisfnclory to the (iovern- ment, as well as to Messrs. nnd ; but which, if otherwise, no repretcntationi or exertions on the part of these gentlemen could extort. A careful consideration of thi^ transaction contirms us in the opinion which we had previously formed, tlint the establishment of the gratuities in funmr of the surgeons superintendent of imniigrnnt ships has ni> other effect dian to relieve the importers from the necessity of paying the sniull salary which they used U-forc to allow to their surgeons, and that too, when the rate of iKumties was lower, nnd the receipts consequently le^s llian at present. The gratuities have thus l>een turned into u source of profit and pnlronnge to the parties engaged in the emigrant trade; and the object of their insiilutiun, us niiglit l>e expecteil, has been entirely defealed. W'c need not pass in review lie.c the instances in which, during the |)iisl season, the incapacity of surgeons of imniigrnnt ships has Ix'en brought under our censure, nnd under llie censure of his honour the Su|KTiiiteiidcnt of I'ort I'liillip; but we gindly avail ourselves of the opportunity of suggesting, that no surgt-on slioulil in future lie allowed to proceed in charge of an innniKraiit ship, unlil lie lias lieeii approved ot by the medical officers Kltached to ttie I'-oanl of Aihiiirnllv, or sonic other khmIIv disiiiteresled nnd eoiiipt lent exainineis, • * ' • • • • • (^igllell) Francit L, S. Mtreurrtlitr. ,/. hmij Iniifi, j. v. .trtlitir Snrnpi; it. n. //. //. Hrowne, } v. The « rurthnylnhn" • * * There is one instance, however, of outrageous conduct on the part of iliv m.islcf, ttliiili we think it our duly ciiecially to notice. It apiK'art lliai during the earlv pari tit llie voyage many of die immigrants had iK'en in the habit of keeping log-lHH'k^, or records of the little occurrence! which unik place in llic ship. This we slioulil have con- ^idcred a very liarmless aniusenient, and one which we shoulil have thought it |iolitic to iiicournge. To the master, however, die practice seems to have given otfence, or to have Ix-eii a source of appreluiision, and he issutd an on'er that no log-lxKiks should, for the future, Ik- kept, nnd that tltose in existenctr should be destroyed. This order ap(>enrs not to have iK-eii very readily olxyed, ami liy way of ublaining more prompt compliance with Ins desire than the iinmigraiiLs were disitosed to give, the master ordered the man at tin; heliii from his post, and let the ship go adrift • • • • As it liBp(H-iied, furtnnalily we may sny, for we should have expcctel tluit lliu cheap siugeoii -llie surgeon wlio would bind himself lo suliniit to one, who In proiissiuii uiid b\ education ought to liuvc been his inl'eiior, should have (i) " riist lie will tec lo die exp ." -. i I - -■■itsiiiiiiirtllMMliaiiiiitfilt REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. and We are happy, however, to itate, tlmt Mcun, • ice oi' improper behaviour, repudiated the acts of their agentu liavr, in have ill diicharged the duties of the situation in which, througli a false economy, he wos placed. • • t this OS in every other instance in England, and have release^ the surgeon from his engagement, (a) • • • • IVancii L. S. Mertwtther. J. Long Intut, j, r, fV. II. Christit, J. p. NEW SOUTH WALES. (signed) Arthur Savagt, n. n. //. H. Browne, J, p. Sir, Immigration Office, Sydney, 85tli April 1848. With reference to the statement made in the Immigration Uonrd's Report D. of the 23d instant, on the " Carthaginian " cose, that Elizabeth Smith had declared herself before the Supreme Court to be a married woman, and not single, as represented in her certificate, I do myself the honour tu annex a copy of a note addressed to me by Mr. Justice Stephen, from which it appears that she distinctly told the bounty agent that she was married, and that the false representation made originated with the bounty agent, and not witlhher. The ccrtific&te produced in favour of Elizabeth Smith I l^ to enclose for his Excel* lency's inspection. The Hon. the Colonial Secretary, • (.igned)''"'*'' Aflncu L. S. Mtrtweth^.r. &c. &c. he. (copy.) ' My dear Sir, 25th April 1842. I PERrECTLV recollect that the girl Betsy Smith, at the late " Carthaginian " trial, swore that she told the emigration agents at Liverpool (or ship's agents) that she was a married woman, but that "they " told her (or "the clerk " told her, as I understood,) that it did not signify ; it " made no difference ;" and she was then entereil as single. I have the substance of this on my notes ; and you will sec the fact of her swearing to having •■ told them in the office in Liverpool that she was married" reported also in the new9|mpers. Francis L. S. Mereweiher, Esq. {A^J)'''*' Alfred Stephen. The " Sir Charles Napier," • t • • • • • Of the certificates produced in favour of the individual immigriints, many appear to us to have no reference wlmtever to parties included in them, whose names would seem to liiivQ l)een inscrtei tor's age. ts questioned liini as to what lie knew of the correctness of these certificate.', and of the character aneing taken with regard to their nature, when he, being present, would niiswer any ((iiestions arising out of the statements made by these witnesses or wuiiK' substantiate tlieiii liy liis own testimony, if requisite. We accordingly examined, out of the ininiigraiits whose attendance was procured, n sufficient number of the most resfiectable and the Ix'st iiil'ormed, to )>rovu to us, beyond all doubt, that in the shipment ot° the ininiigrants the grossest frauds had been practised ; that most improper people had lioeii wiirnlly put on Ixinrd ; and that immorality had prevailed to a disgraceful extent during the passage. . • • • • • • • • • \i the same time wc think it right to state, that if we Considered ourselves authorised so to do, wc sliotild, under the aggravated circumstances of this case, recommend a total tlisullowanco of the amount claimed. • • • • • • • \\ e should lie glad, could the sum shown to have been poid by the surgeon superintendent for his piissage, be reserved for his benefit from the amount allowed as boiuitics. • • • • • • (signed) Fraticit L. S. Mereweiher, IV. H.Chriaiie, j. p. Arthur Savage, n. n. J. Long Innet, J. p. //. //. Browne, j. v, (Kstr.ict from a Minute of his Kxcellency the Governor on the foregoing.) I.et Messrs. and be informed, that I regret it is out of my power to sanction the (layment of any bounties on the immigrants by this ship. (signed) G.G. (rt) For fiittker Kutrscts from livpurt ( f ilie Iiiiiui^riuit* by this >bi|i, see Evidence, Mereweiher, g. 4 I !>. 90, nml 1 1 lie, U. 3 ! . f 'Jnl Into U-.-a QjWMJa IWt**k«, on Dm l«l dny of Mch Monlk. MONTIII. 1 1 1 a i\ i n li 1 n }j July 156 159 150 Augu«i SHI 4'il 4HU ^^ September 238 8tt7 870 40 • 87 8ft m 54 October 870 •J II 83 1 1 • • D — Noveml)er KM 837 800 n:i . 16 43 IVcemlM-r - li)l 805 8fll 0»l . . «» Ul 1ft Januarv 485 457 436 178 i - . 47 I2H 17 February 880 iii 857 211 - - 181 818 84 March 7U 90 04 53 , - - 27 loo 18 April May . • • IS - - IM 54 6 . . . • « . . . . . . + 18 — June - - - • • '. - 385 tl8 TOTAIJI - 8,816 2,3(»j 2,4H7 655 1 * In order to rcmlor tliiit Ittluni unifurm with the ntliem, (he iiiimiUt of immigrants i>n nlioin bnunlies ucre cltiinictl, hut iiol piiiil, are nut inchidi-d under llic first IivikI ; n very confide rii'jje numbrr of llieM: iiiiniigraiits were, liowtiver, retx'ivetl into the burruck*, and arc included under tlic (ccoiid and third heutlfi. t The cause of these familiei rtiimining in Biiriaclts iUit . 88 _ plicable (u Mel- liourne only, as Sptemliif 138 ftO ». ( )ttol)CT . 88 __ the others could Nc)vcml)er 58 48 __ scarcely 1h) cor- Ueceinljer 208 141 — rectly n»certaine«l. 1842: J.inuary 'JOB 160 106 Kthrunry 168 13ft 838 Murch 60 181 813 April r>o ISA 850 - - • 18ft 810 .lllllC - - . 180 916 July 107 801 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. «0 t. NEW Rbtvmm of Immioiiantii at tha Charge of or in the Employ of Govammeni, SOUTH WALES. 8Ut July IMS. — — — wiuiif:. MALia. KKMAHKa NuiulMr. ITS 10 10 U 18 IT 7 UMripiion, Married men ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto iliito MathouriM ... Road to the Fall* Road to the Heitlelberg Roud lu Sydney ... VVillinms Towii . . • Oeeloiift • . . • l»orll».d InOovernmentemploy. ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto. '1 IITAL - • 94.1 rv.MMxa. Melbourne ... (Seelong ... I'ortlntid .... 58 18 6 Single women or destitute children in nsyium. Women at government charge, ditto - ditto. ^ Total . - 74 •• HcTURN ol' the \vMBER of IM.MIGIIANT8 forwaixled to fieeloiig, up to lt>t AugtiU 181*i. VESaCL tXINVKYINO. DATE OF SAILING. 6th Feb. 1842 . r^\ Miirch 1842 8d May iaa'2 - ToTAU* - FAMILIE& .i!,i i J 8 6 1 t 9 8 v! < ? 54 55 20 RKMARK.S " Hanger" revenue cut- ter. Ditto iliito Ditto - ditto 1 1 17 1 16 ! 81 i 14 14 16 6 6 37 36 [ 43 1 8 11 135 IlKTunN of the NuMiiEii ot l.M»fiiiB.\NTS t'oiwiirded to Portland, up to 1st Aiigu»t 184t««M Jinuary •nil J una DfftWtfl I Ju)f aiMl IMiiKrn ' January aiid Junr praaani Uai*. in Hydnay, villMui k'ootl awt ia4i. IM8. IMI. IMI. 1 1 LodKaa. Malbi : Jt U d. Jt >. d Agricultural Ubourtn ItlArkiaiilbt • 2,134 •(56 3,0!»0 1,617 426 3,043 9,133 20 10 _ ' 152 90 242 79 33 lUI 343 • • • 2 8 *Bciiltrt 333 331 543 176 84 280 803 • • • 3 5 *Ctbincini»kvn 3 3 • • • « • 3 52 — * Coach men • • • • « • • • • 25 — . •too|»er« 1 1 • • • • ■ 1 47 10 — 'Domestic Scrriintt • 11 II • • • • • • II 25 — *(irooiiii ; 16 16 4 • • 4 20 26 .• (iatdenen i s' 24* 81 37 t 38 109 30 — . •Millwrighii - ! 1 1 3 • • 1 1 3 . 2 5 Pi*iierer* 1 • 3 3 • > 1 1 3 • • ■ 2 H U (Juirrynicn - 2 • 3 1 • • 1 3 . 2 2 Slirplicrdt 113 63 166 117 3H 145 311 22 .— MuneiiiAtunt > 59 41 100 36 13 49 149 . 2 fl Sawvfr^ 1 20 ; 8 38 6 8 14 42 . . • 3 U •Tmlof* . . • • . • • • • • 34 .^ Wlieclwrigliii 17 20 37 1 ii 8 30 57 • . . 3 5 Wliiletniiliii • i>liiig buunt; rrgiil.iiiun* Inimi^ratlon Odice, > S>dne«. 22d Augu.t ISI2.J 4 F«*s>Lii L. ^■. McatwiTiiia, Aj;eiit it r liuniigraiiun. REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. *i u » ration. Tj r REPORI« RELATING TO EMIGRATION. (H. b.) Abstract of the Retbnub aruing from Crown Lands iirom the l«t uf January to the 30ih June 1848. N PERtOU. SvnHKY ; .'.iDiian IVbnurr ^^■^rch April RUy Juuc Pout Piiillif : .Ununry • Fcbruan- - Mtrvh April May June • • T0T»L< l*n>c»cd» of Und Sniri. I, '.'86 1'.' ■-' ;>y:t lo lu 1.79 « II i,i:>9 18 n 1,925 I 'J 248 10 10 Quit R,>*.■) (i U II) Audit O/licr, Svdnev, New Si-inn Vi>..ef, \ 18th Julv 1842. / (H. c.) Um. I.itiioow, Aiidiior (icneral. Ktri i 1 11 \ I - ( AantRACT of the Uevenl'E orisiiig from Cnows Lanok (rom llic 1st Julv to 3Ut Dt'cenilHT !8U, l>eing a (.'oiitiiiuatiuii ofu Return furiiit.hi'd to tlie Cotniiiitlci.' on linmigrntion, in July IHil. iTRIOD. ' .STDsr.v ; .'illy Aufii't ScpiiP'.ocr Driober Noii'iiiber - Dicimbir PoiT PHittir: July Atiguit .>*pt :iiiber October • Niireiiibtr • i>ecenibcr iTOCTCfli Quit Rcnu. £ I. rf. 2.9.)5 3 1 .^•77 19 10 2,0!M) 1 1 2 104 I 1 727 5 4 (i.i3 19 3 £ t. .•?59 19 ."(.14 6 Cti 1 A 253 4 354 I 479 9 7,i«y 9 912 1,71! 3 6.791 1,607 2 (1 2,91.'. 10 3,S75 2,1 1.< 12 U d Ui.hl.'i 19 Itfflrmption of (.luii-Kmti. £ ,. 37 ir. r.H 10 ,'4 (9 3 2ii7 23 1 ^ l.«MM of Tovn AlloimmU r»»n*rrtc«J Itmtiior IjinJ leinfM>rarilv UmkI ' TOTAI,. into Cfranu £ .. ./. £ M. d. £ M. rf. - - 32 13 5 3,:i85 12 2 97 2 tl 103 10 II 1,1)8 1 9 •i •.•,■.'37 II :i .^97 7 1 ,),(i03 l."i 9 1.'. 4 (; 2,113 12 1(!,".I5 19 » Total! • 23,9,?4 19 9 2,945 5 10 (i90 19 2 2,520 Hi 1,166 2 11 31,228 3 8 Yw IK la it.i.l IHH I It.'H It.W 1(137 I Its* IX.S9 INK) 1 I Ml n.j ■ nctu'l Hij Of I ■n,J Audit Office, .Svdnrjf, New South Wilrn, 1 I81I1 July 184*2. / W'm. Li meow, Auditor Ucneral. ^ REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION" .*•.•! C 73 (H.d.l.) Absteact 'A ihe Revenue iriiing from Ceowm Lanos, from 1st July m41 to 30lh June 18-12, will) the probable Charges ihereoit during die saire Kriod. NEW SOUTH WALES. J'roceedn of Lurd iioid Svdnet. j£ s. d. i;V.'34 11 I.casesnl Town Allutr.ients convened iiito Grants ' 2,520 16 Uiiii-renti |)»id ur redeemed Hoiits o( Luiul temporarily Iciined Gho^s Revenue ClIAROKS AS ESTIMATED : Siirveynr-Geiierurs Depurtiiient Aboricine) ... One i'liird of Treasury and Audit Ollice Total Ciiakoks Applicable to Imniigralion £ 11,385 17 1 1. 732 1-1 II Fort Philip. Total Jt I. d. £ ,. d. 18,190 19 I 31,44.5 10 6 2,i20 16 i\,:ifti 17 1 1,732 14 11 18,150 U 710 U II 2,070 8,100 8,000 390 26,J50 i; 8,7 W 2,400 20,U30 I 16,490 37,420 0* 7,9i (H. d. 2.) IUtirn of the Rfvenuk arising from ilie Sale of Crown Lands, and of the Amount pnid for Immigration, and for other Services chn.-gfHiile thereon, for the I'eriod from Ut January IS32 to 30tli June 1842; specifying also Ihe Number of Immigrants hruught out at the Public E.vpense during the same I'eriod. Vwr l«:t.1 J H'H 1S35 I •on IH;1') 1141 I'iiiaU PniCPwl.t of the .Hile or Ijind, iittliitiiiig Tuwit mul Suluirbui Allairainu. £ .. i;4,'l56 1 41,844 D 8<1,7»4 14 1V6.I58 Ifi IW.IHT I 'J ll'.1»4 IH II lSi,9ti'J in al<>.(ii« 7 !X%'i«7 Hi 10 T,J40 lU 9 Nlia)li«r of ImtnigrAnts lirousjlit to lliv (*olony at the Publifi Kipcnte. Adulti. u rf. 10 1.17 1 180 1 90 t: .« C. 63 .? 6<,4 II l,fi!)'2 •1 ■i.m-d 7,144 a,(x;R 441 .107 5 1 'J 424 .5«4 811 i.KT.l i,'V9 •i,7,i I 51.180 204 344 93 1 88 lie H8.5 2.7 'Ul ■J.I >'i l.Ki'i 4,1 HI) l,IOIi 782 1,031 642 «!)•> 74:1 2,3(i<) (!,ll.> 8,:)89 «,675 l»,<)9l. ,5,».5I l,n!H).,Sb.i 17 ■I n.iJl ■lo.tM I3,8(i4 ,'>l,7;«i I '' I Cbargri on (lit Fund ariking from ilic Sale of Crown Landt. [inniigratio.i, including Quaranlinr. 10,7.1'J 7,!X)2 11,437 II.HMI .5&,070 H7.fil.'< 1.1.5, •iTfi lll,«94 ■i9'i,-Jir, 107.772 i. c/. 4 11; K 8 4 H; 14 10 11 I « 9 1 12 II 1.5 I J a «4 Ifi loj 17 O J3I,2II 17 44 l)i>{)artment of Survey. OncTlnrd I Aborigine,, "f ",^:'''«''"'°f Onellalfofthe tlio treasury ; ^ and I ^'P'r Audit tlfflce. i „ ?' '™,. I Border Police. £ ll,7.!.5 1 2,.'i(i2 1 2,400 11,218 14,00:1 1 7,.i,;o 2(1,096 I:),II2 22,l;i7 27.407 10,985 <. J. 9 Oi 4 24 9i It! 10 7 lOi 2 9J 1 8 4 0} 9 £ 1. d. \ £ 1. il. 1,4.51 I 6 1,1:18 2 3i 1,;140 9 7 773 19 9 1,174 .5 B 942 O 9 l,.59l 12 3 l,3','5 17 9j I,7fi8 Ifi 1,416 8 7J 1,659 1 Hi I 2,H84 II II j 1,770 1 I .5 I 4,786 I 7 2,140 14 8 10.712 18 II 2, -165 9 7 14.626 4 10} 2,470 14 6 i 18,950 II 7j 1,195 4 9 I 5,iS40 9 10 I7!l,089 la loj' 1!).;128 5 l>\ 6:1,097 2 Total Charges. £ >. rf. 19,637 17 lOi 25,43" 2 22,718 II 25.574 1 29,083 4 80,964 6 174,266 7 187,543 12 .50,983 :I7 1,056 125,494 4 4 7 9 7 lU O 2} 1,212,756 17 W Rshaeks. Hie cliargm for imniii^ifltion include the tuni of IO,84tV. paid a^ outfiLt ,iiut for pawageit to GO riergynicn and 25 teachers, who arc not iticludct) in the nunilwr of other intuti^runts. The t4it«i iiuinlicr of .U,7St< is exclu^iuu of tlu* InMiiigrant* for wtiom iKituitieit were reluwtl. Of the total chargei, tlie «uin of 48, 761V, wai pttiJ for in land and iunnigration dtrhcutures, the ledetnption of which ia itill to b« provided for. Tlie chargM fur iioi,iiKruth June 1842, Itave not bccu notified. ( Aud.t 0(Ho», .Sudoejr, New South Wales, 1 7lh SepUlKkcr 1842. / W:l,LIAH l.tTHOOW, Auditor General. (71.) I n REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW SOUTH WALES. (t) At a, Meeting of the Immi^rntion Committee, held on Thursilav, 1 1th August 1842, it wofl moved tliitt the rullowiiijr Resolution be lulopted : " That in the opinion of this Committee, the raising the minimum price of every descrip- i'lcw of Innd ill this colony nlmvc 3*. an ncre is impolitic, inusmuch im it has a direct tendency to divtrt the cmigrntion of British capiiidists from this colony to the United States of America, where fertile lands may Ix; purch/>seii nt one siollar and a quarter per acre, which price hiis nppnrently been found tiy the American govurnment to be .sufficient on the one hand to checK the too rapid conversion of the Inlionrcr iiiio a landowner, and on the other hiLiiil not so high as to oppisc a bar to thnt invcstincnt of capital in the purchase of land which is essential to the progress of colonization." Passed in the affirmaiive. (K.) Copy of a Circular Letter addressctl by the Colonial Secretory to the Holders of C-onditioiml Ikmnty Orders. I Colonial .Secretary's Office, Sydney, Sir, llth Septcmlier 1841. I AM directed by his Excellency the Oovijrnor lo infuim you, that it appears dcsirnblc to draw the attention of iHirties who Imve received comlitioual [>erinisaiont to import |)crMin!i on bounty lo the very rapid inimij^ratiun now taking place into the colony ; and to point out to them that it is very probiiblo the (ioveiniiient inay not he in a situation to pay bounties in cases where thi.-y have been promised conditionally only ; und that, at any nue, none such can btli June IH.|U, wliie'i IVrinistionn respectively expired in die KrrntI Uuirters between thii'. wliicli ended on tlie liht Deociiiber 1839 iind tlie .'iOtli Juiif 1?4:.' ; iliowing al>o wliKI IVoportion of those IVriiii»Mian wis acKid on, ,md tlic I'roporlion not acted on. <2uartcii during the cour*k. of which thi. tVimivMon^ were fjTMiwii. (Juiiiicr endiiij.; .11 Dec. Ia37 .- I .^!ar. I8;(S 3ft June H.'iS .ii) Sept. I >*;t:-l .)! Die. 1838 Qinrt«r cndins II Miir. 1«39 aOJunc laj!) ■MiSv\>i. 1839 .11 IX'C. 183U :il Mar, 1840 3U June 1840 Qiurtfn timing wbivh FAMILIES. SINGLE MALEa liie IVrmittiunf I •. ~ tipirca. QiMrlLreniiint; ,1 1 Dec. 1 8.1 'J ^\ M.ir. IHIO I .10 J. me 1840 30,Sfi)l. IHtO 31 Uer. 1840 Qtiaiier rndin|{ 51 Mnr. 1841 5;i> June 1811 M) Sept. 1811 :il r>e.'. I8<1» .1! M«r. 1812 30 June lti*i TnJ fi.10 G5g 1,260 Ml 4,185 2.W3 .188 7h3 349 ;i,orji 33 h8 2'0 507 \S>i 1.124 ■J,870 .l'i8 '2i;4 l»8 i;i 32.5 '•f. .s 2C4 94 90 2 .10 94 170 78 i;6« 1,286 no MO 10 1,000 528 H,022 ; G.381 r,«:>8 I 3,2Ni 5U9 110 350 10 1,000 32 4t>6 J.OIl ; 1,273 SINGLE FEMALEN. 358 264 188 171 341 •I M 306 24 104 2 66 S , o -o I. ,, = p 52 i;u 04 27. '> 1,302 572 110 no 350 MO 11 I II 1,04W , 1,000 423 31 3,196 I 2,074 r.'io 3S.' 1,12: lnMi>i(cii L. S. Mlkkwithii, .Agent fur liuiuigmtiun. REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. (No. 64.) (L.) NEW SOUTH WALES. Copy of a Despatch from Lord Stanley to Governor Sir George Gipps, respecting Emigrr.tion on Doutity Orders. Sir, Downing-street, 8th February 1842. I HAVE received your despatch, No. 137, of the ITlh .luly l";:, containing u report of the amount of revenue actually receivec' into tli<' trcnsury jf tiic colony in the half year ending lh«3 30th of the preceding month. On the receipt of that despatch, I called on the Colonial Land and Emigration Commis- sioners for an estimate, as far as might be practicable, of the state of the land revenue of the colony for the year 1841, and ol the probable balance which would remain applicable to emigration in the succeeding year, without having recourse to unusual measures, I enclose for your information a copy of the report which I have !-eceived from the Com- I'- January 1 842. niissioners upon that point. On a full consideration of all the circu'nslani'cs, I consider it necessary to suspend for the present further emigration on bounty oiilers. However desirable it may be to keep up a continued supply of emigrants to New South Wales, I cannot consent to anticipate its land revenues for that purpose ; and looking to iiie very large addition which will have been made to iu •M)pulntion in the course of the past and the connnencement of the present year, I am strongly inclined to Ivjlievc that tiie supply of labour furnished will have been ot least equal to the demand, or at all events, to such u demand as would realize the fair expectations of the emiip-ants. I am, &c. ' (Jovernor Sir George Gipfis, (signed) Stanley. &C. &C. ixC. :mai.es, \ ^^ ? 3 e — " )6 Si 24 ir<» 1)4 <'■« 2 !•;;» 6C 1 a; 5 rao 3». (M.) (No. 12-95.').) Copy of a LErrea from C.J. La Trobe Esq. to the Clerk of the Councils at Sydney, relative to the demand of the Cohjnisis of Melbourne and the surrounding Districts for Labour. Sir, Melbourne, 26th July 1843. I HAVK had the hoiiour to receive your letter of the I8lh June, requesting, by the desire of the C'onmiiltee ol the L»'f;islalive Council (appointed to consider the question of immi- gro'ion generally, with the viuw of ascertaining the present and prosjiective demands of the colonists f(> ' labour, and how the same may be mo.st eilectually and economically met), thai 1 wnulu utlbrd them such information, on certain points, as it might be in my power (o obtain. L'niliTstaiiding that it was (iosirablt! lliat this report should be forwordcd to you with as The Acting lamii- lilde delay as [Hssil)lo, I iniiuediatcly took such steps as lay in my power to meet your t;rution Agent, wishes. I have now the honour lo lay liefore the committee a brief exposition of the opi- The Sub-Treasurer, nions of a n'Mulx^r of the better intbrnied and influential gentlemen of this district, to whom circuiiistani't' . ali<>»'"l mo .-' ready access, in the form of a report, drawn up by two gentle- men wluini I conmiisNioneil to receive their several commnnicalions. However briefly expressed, 1 (rust that the information thus prwluced may l)e of use to ilie Conunittee. My own opinions on the several iJoints brouf^ht f .ward coincide in the main wmIi ihos<^ that arc .set Irirtli in this document. I however request permission to add a few brief reuiarks. 1 am Jrcideilly of opinion that, taken as a Uuly, the cniigranis who have l)cen sent to this Qaeries I, 2, and 3. I'oiony wuhin the lust 18 iimiuhs have been of an inferior description to those previously supplie«l. I'rom the knowliilf^e I have (gained of the character of a considerable proportion, - -a knuwleil^e which can only be gained after they have become colonists, I should say that the object of the exporters at home hail hteii to collect, and not to srlect ; to secure, at u given time, the requisite numl)er to fill the vessi'l, with as little trouble to themselves as was consistent with a bare compliance with the letter of the liegulations. The large importations we have received of -o cidkd labourers, married men with very large families from the south and south-west of Irelaiul, and single women from Bristol, Cork, Dublin, or Glasgow, have given us ample occasions of finding to our cost that the letter ot the Regulations may be tolerably well followttl, and yet the main object, to etlect which they are framed, completely defeateii. U'ith reference to the latter, it may be remarked, that the mere object of supply- ing the ciiiiinv with a proportioti of females may iiuleed be attained by such im^Kirtations, but the ul>ove are certainly not the localities likely to furnish a really valuable class of either farm or domestic servants. Once furnished with tiie requisite cerlihcates, aiul passed by the officers appointed to the duly in England, it is impossible fur the local lioard to reject an individual presentiiig himself or herself here, unletis occurrences during the voyage, that could nut be concealed, have given pt'cmuture publicity to the impropriety of the selection. (7L) Ll2 From 7« REPORTS RELATING TO EMlGRATfON. \ i > |i XEW From (lie experience we hove hail of llie working of the new Rpgulationi, I slioulJ sny, SOUTH WALE?, that all the precautionary measures token by ihe Home Government, however stronjf, and however itrictly carrietl out, are still insufficient lo scci>ro the colonies ngainit the introtluctioi) of a large proportion of exccet'.inj^ly iiuliflercnl, if not of worthless hani!c contcm- plate«l, still he may not belong to the class of laUjurors \vhi':h it is the object of the Regula- tions to secure. Uut instances of gross fraud are not wanting, and when the perfect impunity with which certain of diesc have been practised is remarked, the suspicion arises wncthcr they are not much more numerous than is sup(>ose'J. To the majority of the frauds that have lieen detected the surgeons superintendent of the ship must hove been parties, directly or iiidirtcily ; ant I need not remind the Com- mittee how great, *hen this if the case, and while the intectsts of that officer are bound up with those of the importer, must l>e the diflicully Kdelerting t \c im|X)sition. Should the present system of Ikiunty emigration be continued, I not only think that further measures must l)c tiiken at home io enforce the selection of pro|>(T individuals, but that it is imperative thai the surgeon siipi'rintendenl in every vn^ should l)e a Government officer, in the interist of die tioverniiient, ami preferably a naval mini of mature age ami ex])erienco. Tl'.is officer should have the entire control ovrr the uicdicul stores and comforK of every ilescription, and a gcniral ihiwit of providing 'hut the piovisions given out be supplied of liie quality and in the ijiinntily presi-ribtd by the Heguhilioiis. I'erhaps, gi'oc- riilly sfx'aking, no exception can be tiiken to the nicilical talent of the gonllemen recently chosen to fill the office of sin-j^ron supciiiitciKlinl on '•oard the emigrant ships; but a grei\t want of ixpericnce in ihe tnana^eineiit of large masses of emigrants on shijiboard has been evident, and this deficiency has, in several cjiscs, been priKluctivo of excceilingly serious results. It may Im? well ft)r the Committee to l.ike into coiisitUration whether the increase in the rate of lM)unly has In-cn niteiided by advantage or disadviUitage, as I'ar :is the (pialily of the lalK)ur supplied is concerned. I aiu seurcelv in a [Misilion to prove it, but I am inclined to think that the iudilTerent chanictcr of much of that imported since liUl, has In^en the result of such augmentation, and the intliicement held out, by the more consiuerabiu profit to be reaped, (or men of iess established character to engage in the business. The smaller degree of profit to lie gained liiirmerly left the business in the hands of those whose profits were derived from their ability lo carry it on upon a large scale. With these a careful s. These iiueries may be considered sufficiently cnswcred by the accompanying re|X)rt, I coincide in llie opinion expressed In the repcit, as to the proportion in which single women and single men should U' intriHluced into this ilistricl. Uiicrv, Ne. 7. it '* im(K>uible for mc to hazard an opinion in reply to this n the demand, and the deinniid n|H>n the iiitriHluclion of cipital. I should hoiH" that some Iniid may K- ilis[Hw,l i,|, |,iii I cannot (latter injstlf thai the revenue to Ix' thus raised will lie at all Ciimineiisurale uith the claims that iiuisl be nride iijioii it, even leaving immigration out of the (piestion. I hove no hesitation in stating, that 1 con ider the projecteil loan to Ije Inith nccess.ir\ am! e'pi'dicnt. I coiisld;T lliat it would lie well to pro>iiKlie*. class liirm servants '-i-'l- 'o 30/. per .annum, with rations; second class farm servants, from k'O/. to a.)/, per aniiuin, with ration ; shepherds, from So/, to ?0/, per annum, with rations; ron'ili carpenters to Ix "mployel on n farm, from 31)/. to 50/. per annum ; female farm and dairy servants, from 15/. > ,'')!. per annum, with rations; and housemaids, from 111/, to 15/. with rations; good median^;'' ,uch as carpenters, joiners, smiths, wheelwrights, \c., from 10.1. to I5«. per diem, and find themselves. If these mechanics are hired by the year, and rationed, they receive from 30/. lo 70/. a year. The general opinion of the best informed is much in favour of a loan, to bo raised upon ilie seciiriiy -if llie land leveiuic, liir llic purpose of immigration. Emigration to these colonies has been heretofore conducted in two difTerent mmles ; viz. by '•hips clnrtertd by the Home CJovernmeiil, and by ?iiips sent out by private indiviiluals, each on the iKiunly system. We are not in jiossession of se.liieieiit data whereby to liirm an opiiiion as to the relative merits of die two methods. As respects the tpu'slion lo what extent immigration may lie required in future, we have iKi liesilalion in giving it as our opinion, wliieli is olso the decided opinion of all the gentlemen consulted on the subject, that during the nest \'2 moiulis the wants of the ilistiicl will reipiiii' at the rate of 30 families, each not to have mole than one child, or if more than one child to each famiiv, the vonngest of 5uc!i I'.imilv of children not to be less (71.) '1.4 ' il'"> Ojiiaion uii Query tlie 1st. Opinion on (Jiiery the 3d. Opinion on Quury the 4tli. Opinion on Qiiuy the 5tli. 0|iinioii on Uiiers (he (Jtli. Opinion on Uiiery Ihii 8lh Query llie '.iiii, wiili general rcinirks. f. ta REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW' SOriH WALES. 0|iiiiuin rill Quer) ilie '.'d. (Ipiniuii) on Query il>* "ill tlmn 10 yean ofage; unmarried males, chiefly coiiiisting of agricultural Inbourcn 11111! shenherdi, ami a few good home lervanti, nt the least 60 ; uiimarrivil females, good houM- niiuclt, not less than 3U. Tlio above proportions, if regularly intnxluced each month in the year, might meet the wants of the district. But many circumstances mav occur meantime to require a much larger supply of labour. We beg furllier to observe, that during the last two years, too great a proportion of married people, with htrgu families of children, have l)een brought out to the colony. The settlers would not engage this description of labour, on account of the children, who could not be of ony use to them. Tlie consequence was, that hundreds of married men could not And employment in either town or country, and were thrown on the Ixiunty of Government, who, to save them and their families from storvation, gove them employment in the public works. A large proportion of single females, chiefly from the south and south-west of Ireland, have been imported into the colony during the last 18 months. These young women have been found so totally unqualifled for t!ie common wants of the colony, must of them having never been in serv'cc at home, and being utterly unac(]iiaiiited with the duties of house- maids, could not find employment but with the grentest difficulty. They consequently became a heavy burden on Government, who lias supplied tlieni uli along with rations and lodgings. I'he number of this description of females, we are liaiipy to sny, has been gra- dually retluced to 18 at the present time. It ought to lie known iluit these helpless peasants have at all '.imes been very desirous to obtain employment, and have generally shown virtuous dispositions. Several single girls, most of them not exceeding 16 years of age, selected in large towns, such as London, Liverpool, Leilh, and Bristol, generally ttirncd out badly, and soon resumed their former abandonetl habits. Therefore to obtain giKHJ, iiM'tiil, and virtuous farm and domestic female cervants, the country towns and rural districts in England, ^Scotland, and the north of Ireland are to lie preferred. First rate useful mechanics ami handicraftsmen urg mo»ily to Ix- procured in large towns We beg further to obs<'rve, tiiat llic regulation which rii|iiiii's that an cc intnHluci'd into the (-oliiiiy might be modified 'vith advantage. The single men on their arrival here obtain einiiloynii'iit at uiice, and can ei gage to go any distance into the country, wiiere they are chiifly rr(|uii'ed. The single fe.nalcs, on the contrary, are obliged to look for situations ii< the town or iieiglilKiurliotxl, whe/e they rin be under the protection of a mistress ; copsequently, the demand lor their sc vices is vastly less than that for single men. We give il us .111 opinion that the relative pioix)rlion of single females to single nun ought to lie as six of the lorincr to ten of the latter. Queries No. 2. and No. 7. were not subinittid with the others for the opinions of the gentlemen, as it was considered tiiat the pulilic generally could not he informed on these subjects. But from what bus fallen under our own notice, we beg to give the following opinions : — The arrangements madi; lor the licniili and comfort of the immigraiils have Uen in most cases satisfactory; in others, imiinereiil ; uiul in others agiiiii, decidvxily bad. In the indiflerent class, one or more articles of provisions were found eillu: (wd in quality, o' deficient in quantity to last the whole of the voyage. In she decidedly bad, several of lu. articles of provisions were not only bad in quality, but deficient in quantity for lite con- sumption of the entire voyage. In tw> or three coses, the qin.ntity of niedi.-ul conilorts sent on lioard for the voyage seemed «!efirie.'it ; and in one or two other instances, the surgeon superintendent appinre*' to have acted with more rcgord to the interest of his employ* r in the diitribution o*' th'.'sc eoiiiro: ts than to the dictates of lilM'rulity and humanilv. With regord to tliis question, we find it next to iuqxi-sihle to give iinv di'fiiiile or sali^ factory answer; but wc may not l)e f.tr wrong in concluding, that liut a s>iiail and iiiiule<|nale sum liir the pur|H>ses of iiiiniigration can lie calculated on uithm die titxt 12 inonlht. The severe prwsurc of the tinus has so iri iRTall_> pli\.iileil in tlii-se colonies for a considerable time back, thnt we think it ean >» uctly lie rciiiovid within I'le al i;ile> of C'rowii land*. His Honour (.'. J. La Trobe, Esq. 1 Superititemleai of Port I^iltip. J We art', kc. (kigiK-d) John Patteiison. ^S', Lo.ssualr. in r,! Statcment % REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 19 (O.) Statement of the Poiti from which Visieli lailiH with Emioianti for New South Wales, between tho lit of July 18-11 and 30tli of June 1842; showing the Number of Bounty IininlgrRnt', clarified according to their Religious I'erauniious. NKW SOUTH WALKS. SAILED FKOSt, Numlier of VCHCIS. NUMBER OF EMIGRANTS. rrotcmiints. Ronun Cilholici. Jew<. Freethinkcrt. TOTAL. Lundon and I'ljnionth • Liverpool BristuI Cireenoclc Dundee Cork - - - Kingstown 31 22 2 17 4 I 19 1 2,6S5 3,085 255 2,816 204 155 1,134 77 2,862 A- 2,706 90 8GI 1 75 2,498 185 27 3 " m 3 5,574 5,794 351 3,680 20". 230 3,635 262 TllTALS 97 10,411 9,287 30 3 19, 731 Iinn)ii;ration (.Ticc, Sydney, i 8th Augiitt 1842. > Framci: L. 5. Meiewether, Agent for Iminignition. (P.) ItrriiKN showing the Niimher, cliMsilied according to their Religio i!i Persuasion!, of Bounty Immiohants liindeil ut Sydney and Port Phillip respectively, between 1st July IH4I and .'lOili June IB 12. WIIKIIE LANDED. Crulnunta. llonuin Catholici. JeiM. rr««t)iirkori. TOTAL. !>ydney Port Ptiillip G,tlO 4,001 .-.,906 3,.18I ?/ .{ 3 12,346 7,38.-. Totals - 10,411 9,287 30 3 19,731 Iinii'>ijritiii)ti OlTicc, .S)(liiey, " s'.h August 184 !, .''uliiey, 1 Fn.wi IS L. S. MuKKWKTni R, Agent for Immigration. I .^71.) L 1, 80 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. (Q.)-NEW SOUTH WALES. . . . . , RtTiriiN of the Native Countiei of iho Bounty Immiorantv, who arrived in the Colony between the lit ol January Subdiviiiona of Emoland, ENGLAND AND WALE8. Northtrn Counlii^ Southern Countiw MidUmI C'ouatln. >jutcrn Countin. WALES. Norlhi <^HJUlin. 1^ I'ounttm \i CouoliM. II Cuuntln. U Countlet. n t'nun ■A-i «•« Z"5 «•« i> Il Norlhumbvruind 77 Km W7 OiMkirr 174 LImoln 58 CaeriurYoniliire • 7 Ciillitin I'lmitKrUiid 96 Suatt 8S7 Dkrbyil.irr .'..? Norfolk yi DenbighUiiro 20 Sullu'rU WovtmircUnd 41 Surrey - 1*7 Nottiiighamshiri - He lluntingilon 10 FUnUhirr • 1 llovihi CrolIMrtl Durham n HwniMkin ■ 100 Huftbrdaliin- !X) Cambridge - 114 HerionelhAhiie 3 N'.iirnslti «SI nfrkthin • 31 Wmrirkihin 75 .SulTulk 16 MonlRomcrjriliire - •> ^m IriHTni"s I.UKutor 1,191 Dufflttkliirr « Worcestenhirc 41 Hedr<>rd - n CardiganOiiro .Miirr.ijol Riiifr . U\r o( Mm 27 Wiluhir.' - 147 I^ircMcrshiru •1« Hertford 35 Il«dnonliirc - AlHTdpen 309 RutluMl^hire 4 tmn »7 Ptmbrokeiliire 57 Kiru-inlu IXtTowhir* - Mi Northunptonahiri - ■tf»r»hir Kifi'sliirf Conivall - % IS< •^H Drecknockihiro 1 Kinro^i Alflmn'v IS Oi.furi1«hiiT • 27 (iUniorgwuliire :17 ' lackmiui Jcni'jr ' Glouci-ntrnlitrv - «« , Aogl«M II rvrtliihirv OrlnijAI I«le of Wight li i 1,4IR 411 SM 35,330 6,199 2,84J I«,. nilnrs • Itirc • inhite cryshir« Utirc lire nbire [licnKhirc :kB)iiru uuliire k 57 England, Nootland. COIJNTKY. Iwtlaod. IreUna. LSIJ I«,99..' SCOTLAND. IRELAND. Nurthem CoubUm. Soutlinn Countiri. ULSTER. LEIN8TEK. CONNAUGHT. MUN8TER. C'ouiuiffl. Counlin. 1^ SB'S Counlln. II Counlict. 1 J Counties. i«"8 Counties. V SR"8 CaiUmwi 9.') Edinburgh 394 Doiivgall 4,5J Longford • 117 I.eilrim 81 Clare - 1,001 Siillu>rUml Kovt-sliirp • (nmiArtw 3.1 Haddington • llerwickiiiire - Koxliurghahire 39 S.'! Londonderry ■ Antriin 461 644 Waat Meath . £a>l Meath • 'ifi 1.56 Sligo . Mayo - 93 93 Kerry - Cork - 83 l,!3t Nairnthire 9 i Svlkirkahire ■ .5 Fcrmanagli - 920 Louth - aio Galway 1,024 Walerford - 131 IiiviTiu'^s khire j GH ' IViIjIi's Mtirrayor Elgin \3 i I-«iwirksliirc - B-intr - - (» j nunifrict*iJiirc 14 3H3 7H Tyrone Down • • 1,333 King's County Kilda>« 447 309 Iloacoininon • 399 Tipperary Limerick 3,650 1,182 AlH'fdt't'ri'.liire 5H Gullowty 3H Cavan . 694 Dublin 777 -- >^ 1 Kim.inliiie - 11 Korr«rKhire • 139 I'lfi-sltiri' - 163 Ayinhiri' Dumbarton • Argylcfthiro - IS.'! •■ili 92 Monaghaii - Arniagli 316 455 Queen'tCounty Carlow 197 119. ;l-, ' ■. Kinross - 9 HenfVi'wchire 179 Wieklow 187 < ■, ('Iackni«nn«n rirtlithin* • OrkiieyA Shel* Idtid Isles - 9 •JO'J 7 .Stirling I.inlitliguw • Biito - .58 7 Kilkenny • Weifurd 38a 203 I 1 i 73S l,.507 5,689 3,34« • ; 1,690 - 6,167 snil IrvUml retpeetivtiy, are shnwti in Appetulii ( K. ) KaAMCIs L. 8. MiaiwiTUta, AgiMil for Imniigritlon. • • ■■ • 01.) (S.)- N K W SOUTH WALKS. hiMiuRANTt, who arrived in the Colony f'runi Ut Jaiuury 1841 to SiHU Juni 1»4'2. RELIGION. E D U C A T I O N. WAliniED oil SINGLE ADULTS. 1 ! ' Human I Calliolu-^, 1 tin rcc. NLMDEH OF .AUILTS WHO (AN MAUniEI). SINGLE. / ' "■■' > R.'»d and „ , . Neither Read Wr.te. "'••'' ""'''■ nor Write. i MtU-. Female, Male. Fcinale. M.498 i n,79a 1 37 | a ll,.'f«rl I KIcanor • Elixabclli Fortli Percy • Iluunirmede • Adam Lodge John Henwick China United KiuKdoni Gilbert Henderiion Canton - WillUm Turner Lady Kennawajr Livingtione New Yurk PacVet Ajrnhire - Fairlie Larne Trinidad Joaeph Cunard AlbalroM Comet ColnnibicM William Jardine Emerald lale - Lalla Roukh Ladjr Clarke - Marchionrit of Uule U'ilaun Duke of lioiburgh • Anne Milne Agne* Kwing Margaret Caribagiuian lioiie Wijiiani Sliarjiki AKrcd • Malhea'» Chtni|)iuii Agne* Urooui !s.r Edward i'aj(rl ^arah liultford N«i>ob I'uletiiiie U'uudbridge Sir Cliarlci Nj|>ier • Ftmalu. IK4I I 15 July • 21 July • 20 July 7 AuguK • 9 Adguii • 1 7 Auguit • 32 Augiiii • 23 Augunt • 28 Augunt • 28 Augiiat • 30 Aiiguu • 30 Augutl • I Sc|>l. • 7 Sept. • 7 Sept. 16 Sept. - 18 .Sept. - 5 Uotobrr 13 October 31 October 23 October 35 October 5 Nov. 6 Nov. • 6 Nor. 28 No». .10 Nov. 3 Dec. - .1 O.c. '.M Dec. . : 23 Dec. - 2fi Dec. . I :i6 Dec. - I 1842: 7 January I 7 January 10 January 17 January H January 24 January 2H Juniiaty 29 January '.'9 Januaiy 39 January 30 January 13 Fcbiuaiy 13 February 13 Fibruary 1 4 Frbrtiary I'' Ftbru-iry 2i) FcbtuarT 6 \lin\> '• M .\Unli - 10 April - CHILDKN. Malaa. Ftmaltk 7 3 3 II I I I 2 4 2 19 4 I 1 4 12 4 3 I 7 I I I I I 3 9 4 11 4 2 2 I 4 6 2 2 1 6 4 4 2 2 7 I U 30 9 7 •i 3 3 5 5 3 3 I 2 I 2 2 'J II I 1 ■ 4 1 •J 1 1 f Total* 48 63 176 I 4 8 S 13 2 13 185 TOT A I., 16 13 2 19 3 13 II 5 4 I II II 10 40 3 II 4 5 3 n 22 G 10 I II 4 ;t 4 3 I 1 4 3 10 19 13 23 8 1.' I \ li I* I 10 II 472 Ssdnry, 2lM June 184.'. AtTUUR SttAUii, lltalth Ullictr. RCFORTS nCLATINO TO EMIGRATION. |p (L'.)-lt(Ti;KM ofSiiirs placed in Quarantini, at Pout jACKtnii, between the Itt of July IM\ and the preicnt I'l-rioJ. 1 Ihlu DtXO ON BOARD. DIED IN QUARANTINE. No.' NAME OF HIIIP. at Arrlnl. Aduhi. CkiUrtn. Ti»*t. AMU. CMIhilli|i 33J 9na a .5 2i'a. Caltle, incluilinj{ ('alvCM,ibuve ii .Muntha old. aa calfultitod on tliu NuinlHT of Male. ! Female. Mala. Ftftnalv. S'.ock givi'ii. £ >. >l PUii« IW :ll» 617 R:i 5.16 6 1,34.' l..S3.i 131,453 399,484 1,387 1 9 UUih ** 4ast a»b 41 197 ;'.'.M 3JO 34,90.) 195,944 440 7 ■i\ iVtlitogtim CT (>I0 5ia ili 395 • Hii.l .liil 90,409 I87,,59H 587 7 Ili IjioliUn 97 a,7404 509 1.17 851 :. 8D4 1.109 :«i,«.)3 105,714 469 1 Murrutnliidgv* IM 1,736 7.'i.t Mi 4.511 7 l,4N.! I.4J9 66,906 163,499 775 3 6i Mincr^M \M a.j6s *7A ai» 453 6 1,544 ■i^W 84,691 313,656 1,003 (i ii Total* - 761 9,7iil 4.1.57 ' N7i 3,794 ;14 7,857 7.639 998,316 1,997,469 5,495 11) 7i J^J June I • V- C. I 3. UlDPtLL. (71.) M i I . ^;^r- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ■ ^ ^O /^/j^ i^ >' C>>1 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) •73-4503 >^^. '<> Cj- REPORTS RELATING TO EMIOHATIOK. (X.)-NEW SOUTH WALES. Abstract from the Rctumi of the Comuiisionbri of Crown Lakds, for the Half Year, from lit July to 31it December 1841 ; showing the Number of Persons occupying Stations beyond the Limits of Location ; the Population ; (he Extent of Land under Cultivation ; and the Number and Description of Live Stock. Numbw of SUtiom. Number of Arm under Cultin- lion. Number at Penom In each UiMrlct. STOCK. • Anaewmcnt DISTRICTS. Free. n'ond. TOTAL. HOTM. CuUe, ineludin( Calm ffb»v Sii Montha old. Sheep, including weaned Umba. at calculitcil on lie Number uf Stock gireii. Male. Frmcle. Mule. Fenule. 1 1 £ .. rf. Port Mtcquirie 1 46 707 969 79 996 5 578 979 I4,9f>l 58,673 814 19 1 NewEnglind - 85 884 519 74 516 3 1,119 454 96,977 .1.53,417 906 3 10 Limpool PlainA Ii4 45o 778 lOfi 549 6 1,4.18 1,501 143,979 339,033 1,694 18 H Bl«h 1 47 839 307 89 163 - 499 994 97,548 158,174 499 17 T Wtllington 69 538t 546 64 940 3 853 640 98,186 907,914 615 9 « UoliUn 108 9,087 5iiO 154 817 15 9M 1,170 36,368 111,459 474 1 7 Murrumbidgvc 148 1,768 743 835 439 6 1,416 1,477 79,891 183,519 855 18 ft )Un«roo \U 8,647 93S 839 361 15 1,553 3.860 87,859 949,966 1,089 II tij TOTALI ao6 9,3124 , 4,C.H> 973 9,r,97 53 8,3 73 8,668 4.17,956 1,647,748 fi,9T4 J Culonuil Traanirjr, \ Sjiacj, 98d June 1848. / r. D. RiuBiii (Y.)-NE\V SOUTH WALES. Abstract from the Ucliirns of the Commiisioneiis uf Crown Lands, for the Hulf Year, from lit January to SOtli June 1842; «howing the Number of Persons occupying Station* beyond llic Limits of Location; the Population ; the Extent of Land under Cuhivation ; and the Number und Description of Live Stock. Number of Staliowk Number of Acre* under Cultin. 1 Number of Pcnow in 1 «wh DiMrict. STOCK. AHeuucni DISTRICTS. Free. Bund. TOTAL llorec*. CalUe, Includinc Calm abore Sheep. Including weaned ascaliuLiit'il on thf Number ul lion. Male. Finale. Male. FrmalA 8li MoMbt oU. Umba. Stock gitrii. £ .. ,1. Cbrvrwv Itiver* — — — — — _ "■ __ Poft M«rt|uariv 95 534 119 47 110 994 191 9.-4I 19,917 90 1 7 Kcw flnglami 76 l,04< 500 196 498 1,181 439 96,030 986,034 763 19 10 LiTcrrsool PlaiiM 144 4544 6SI 98 485 1.908 1,59« 141,730 948,676 1,498 19 1 Wtii 43 9184 .109 56 104 471 301 94,3V9 llS^fiO 403 U 1 WeUinftnn 69 607 490 7:l 235 799 619 iS.geo 188,649 55« 1.'; 1(1 J Lirhlin 105 1,855 584 164 948 »»5 1,SS4 46.478 1I6,^74 543 In 111 lilumimlaJgee 155 1.516 «T 950 954 1,057 1,650 70,999 934,9.50 Ml 8 - Man**ou 146 9,787 999 968 375 13 1,648 9,896 86 599 919.168 1,032 II - Turin -V. H.'K. 1 •t.'.'T.? i.iwa 2 lyi 41 T,5'n H,''fi9 4-i2,ri.n l,4l'l.72tl 1.7- 1 « - Culwial Trtaaury, \ SfdM^, 9lid June 1849./ * Rnum hat not yH been fumiihcd hy the Commiatkincr for iliit Jiitrict, C D. KmiiiL. REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. ea AwcMmcnl u ctlcuUlctl on 1 ir '( Numlwr of Siock given. £ : S6 I,0fl9 11 '?*r< F.T..S.Mercwctlier, esq. p. 85 A. SaTagr, esq. • • P- 92 J. L. Innet, e*q. - • P- 95 H. H. Browne, etq. ■ P- 98 W. H. Christie, esq. • P- 101 W. A. Miles, e«q. * V' 102 T. Icely, esq. . - P- 109 LIST OF WITNESSES. L. V. Dalliunty, esq. G. Cox, eiq. •> H. O'Brien, ekq. G. M'Leay, esq. K. Scott, esq. - M. H. Marsh, esq. E. Mackeniie, esq. - p. 129 111 114 116 118 121 124 F. Ogilvie, esq. • A. K. Denison, esq Hon. C. p. Riddell, L. Macalister, esq. Sir T. L. Mitchelt Mr. W. Jaques - "'. Miller, esq. D.c, p. 132 p. ISli esq. p. 135 - p. 137 - p. 138 - p. 140 o. • p. 142 The Right Reverend THE LORD BISHOP OF AUSTRALIA in the Chair. ~c vM'^ -. . fVednesday, 25th May \8li. , •. . , Francis Lf.wis Shaw Merewether Esq., Agent fur Immigration, called in, and examined. 1. YOU are Agent for Immigration, and Chairman of the Immigration Board? — lam. 2. How long have you held these offices ? — About ten mont'.is. 3. During tliet time, it has been your duty to examine tlie immigrants on arrival? — It has. 4. Have the immigrants introduced within that period been exclusively on the bounty system ? — Yes. 5. Can you furnisli the Committee with a Return of the immigrants introduced into this colony On whom bounty has been paid, or is now payable, from the date of the Returns in last year's Report up to the present period?— I can, and will prepare such a Return. 6. Does the principal business of examining into the qualifications of immigrants on their arrival, devolve upon you ? — It docs. 7. Are you sufficiently acquainted with the proceedings in previous j'ears to institute a comparison between the immigration of those years ana the present: and do you consider that the character of immigration has been kept up ? — I am not so well acquainted with the conduct and character of Immigration previously to my taking charge of the depart- ment as to be able to institute a comparison between that of the past ten months and that of any former period. 8. Can you speak, in a general way, as to the suitableness, to the general wants of tht.- colony, of the immigrants introduced within the period over which your experience extends .' — My general impression is, that they have been ill selected. 9. Do you mean to sav you are of opinion, that the ill-selecled immigrants outnumber the really useful ?— The demand for labour has been such, that any man with a pair of hands would be found useful in this colony ; I cannot therefore say, that those immigrants, who appear to me to have been ill selected, have not been really useful. What I mean to state in, that neither physically nor morally have they been of so good a description as might have been chosen, and as the colony had a right to expect. As regards the English, I feel myself comijeieni to s|H'ak more positively ; and of their eligibility generally, with the ex- ception of the artificers, my opinion is anytliing but favourable. With regard to the Irish, I think that I shall be borne out by the testimony of better judges than myself, when I express my opinion, that a large proportion of those recently landeosses8, because I am aware that my opinion coincides with that of a'l the other mem- bers of the Ininiigrutiun Uoard, who have had the opportunity of comparing the recent with the former Iininigi'ation. I am also the more convinced of the correctness of my judgment, by the opinion of an officer of the Government in England, resident at a po.'t from which u large number of the most ineligible immigrants have been shippetl. His opinion, formed on or before the einbarkiitioii of the emigrants, I will take the liberty of submitting to tiie t'omuiitti'e in sup|>ort of tliut formed by myself on their arrival here. The remark? to which I refer areas follows : — " If I had any thing to do with the selection of the candidates, it strikes me, that a goodly number of those gone from hence would have lost their {mssage. You jMiy lilx-rally, niid have tlu'retbre a right toexjK-ct a good article; but I fearsome will be found burdens instead of benefits." 10. Ill what re.qH'ct do you consider them ill selected .•"— Many of the single women have been proved to be of notoriously bad characters ; and many also to have been of a class much above that prescribed by the regulations, and in every way uiisuited to the present demand in the colony., Amongst the nen, the immigrants whom I characterize as ill kelecte (luced. In very many iiuiancet, individual! proftwing to be agricultural labouren, have |m>ved to be utterly uaac(|uaiuted with the ordinary work of a hm\ icrvani, though evi- dentlv comitry people ; ai in the case of many of tlie Irish, whose experience has been found not to rxtcnd bejond potatoe culture. It was, liowever, considered by the Board, lliat such men, tlwugli ignorant of agriculture, would be serviceable as shepherds. 13. But, in point of fact, bounty was frfused on a considerable number from want of qualification ?— les, I liaiid in a lU'tum of the number. {Rdnrnput in.) 14. How much per cent, has been deducted for disqualification iirom the total amount of bounties claimed ?— -About four and a half. 13. Have you had reason to suppose that tlie reculations, established by the Comnu*. ftioners, for the examination of the certificates of Intending emigrants, have been found intufficient to prevent imposition ? — I liave been informed that a very large number of cer- tificates liave been rejected by the Conuaiuioaen as unsatisGMStory dotuownts, but in very many instances the vigilance of those officen has been eluded. 16. Can you state what ptecauticms are established by the regulations of the Commie* sionen to prevent unsuitable persons from emigrating to this colony '/—Every emigrant i« requirrd to furnish himself witli a certificate ofhealth, age^ character, and other reauisite particulars, signed by a medical practitioner, and by two houaeholden of repute^ whicn sig- natures are certified by either a clergyman or a magistrate, or both. These certificat es , wlien duly prepared, ara transmitted to the office of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners, and tliere examined; or in case any deficiency in the number of persons finbarking occurs on ilie eve of tlie sailing of a vesseC theOovemroent agent, at the port of t^nbarkation, lias tlie Power of examining and passing these certificates. It is the duty of this last-mentioned officer to inspect tlic emigrants before their departure, and to compare their appearance and tlieir own representations of tliemselveii, with the I'latements on the tace of tlieir certificates. If satisfied tliat the individuals are such as they are represented to be, lie allows them to embark, but not otiierwise. 17. Notwithstanding these precautions, deceptions still take pUce? — Yes. 18. Can you offer an opinion as to the particulars in which these deceptions are prac- tised ? — As the most satistkclory mode of answering this question, 1 beg to quote from my official records a few cases of attempted or intended frauds which luve been brought within tlic knowledge of the Iinioigration Board. (1.) Uouiitj- refused oii-^— ,a single man, in consequence of tlie following statement made by the party presented for cxaniiiiation under tliat name: — He said that he was a mar- ried man ; tlutt lie liad heard U-fore his embarkation tliat his wife was dead, but he was not kure of tlie fact, and tlwt lie liad left a child of four years old living with his wife's motlier ; his real name was ^—t but he had been induced by Mr. , it sub>aaent employed bv the importers, to embark under the name above mentioned ; he liad wit his native place, , from inability to obtain eniployiiient, and was working at , at the time when the was on the point of sailing from thai port ; he saw Mr. , wlio was also then in — — , and applied 'o him for a passage ; Mr. told him that a certificate would be iiccesiary, which it was then too late to obtain, but tliat lie liad one in his p o ss es sion in favour of one — — wlio did not intend to embark, and if he, — — , would assume that luune, all difficulty would be removed. So the matter was arranged. — appeared before — — the Commiisioiiers agent at—, with 's certinMle, and the bounty sub- agent was by " to put words into his mouth." ('i') — — — — was represented in her certificate ax a single woma.i, 29 yean of age; slie was presented {« such to tlie Board, tliough her appearance would bespeak at least 50 yean ; troni an application for a free passage ineffectually made to the Commiasionen in tlie year 1840, and Iroin other documenu which have been lodged in my hands, she has been shown to be more tiuui 40 ; to Iwvc been nwrried, and to liave a daughter in the colony 10 years old. Ill tliis case, an alteration in the figures marking her age appean to have been nwde sulisequently to tlie original preparation of tlie document. (3.) It appean from her own evidence, and tlie evidence of a party present at tlie time, tliat — — — — , at llie suffgcstioii of a clerk in iIh* office of Mr. , a sub-agent, em- ployed by the iiii|iorter to collect inimi{(raiit* fur him, and wiili the sanction oi the sub- agent KEPORTS BELATIKO TO EMIGRATICKC roffwtiitwibof kerownioiviiiordcr toobtainafircepu«g»i NEW Mid tlwt to hendf and her win on* twrth wu wproprialed, u man and wife. SOUTH W \LKi«. (4.) — — 1 in Im exuUMlfan b«) •—— % a tingle frmal^ reported by tne turgeon ti^rinttndent to have been delivered of a ton on board, produced no teparate cerUficate u\ her own bvour, being ineladed in that of , who tiated that the child waa hitb and that he wat not tho bMther of thit woman, thoogh rrprmented to be to in die certificate. The turnon super- intendent informed the Boud tlwt thit woinan't real name wat — — { tnat the waa married, and that her hntband had been tranaported to thit colony for murder. (6.) — — — — , repmented in her certificate to be tingle, tuted that the wat the wife of a man named , a pritoner of the Orown j and that a boy, called — - , rey wi e n ted in the certificate of^a man named — — to be hit ton, wat her ton. The MMfeon mperintendent informed the Board that thit womaii't name wat , and that the wat no reUtion of — — , altbongh he wat tuted to be her brother. (7.) — > •'—, speaking of the tkigle females who came out in the tame vettel with Mm, stated, " I know — — — ; I do not think her a correct girl ; l have teen , a tailor on board, * * * * * ; the constable on board took no steps to prevent this conduct, as she had an apartment of her own partitioned off from the other emigrants, finr which aoeommo«k.tion she paid the agent in — ; her uncle told me she waa a married woman ; that her husband nad fiUO/L per annum in Ireland ; that h« was obliged to separate from her, owing to her conduct, and grant her an allowance of 30/. per year ; she wat at that time living on the bounty of tfaia tailor." £) -— — — ttated, •• the — — -, the , and die — had a girl wbilo the vt Mri waa at , out of the emwranit ; their naroet were — — — — r ,uid . They had thetegirlt**«***TwoofthesegirIs, and —~- , were brought on board at — — , by an oficer of a poor-houie.^ (».) Mr. tinted, « I came out to thit colony in the — ; I am ton of ; I firrt intended to have come out at a bounQr emigrant, and I ai»lied to Mr. , the agent in , for that purpote. He told me a ship was to tail in about a week, and that he would have a certifiorte filled up for me, if I would let him have M. for the doctor. I do not know who the medical man wat, but I heard he uied to attend at the inn, fo^ the purpose of tigning certificates for pertont detirout of emigrating. The agent at the tame time taid he would prefer that I should sa^l from . 1 refused to gs to the church to oet a clergyman's signature, as I thought the clergyman would know me. The agent replied, he wat an old man, and probably would not recollect me ; 1 then left Mr. , and went down to ; I went to Mr. 's office, and saw Mr. — , his clerk ; who got a certiBcate signed for me, in the name of — - ; and in the same certificate were entered four other names, who were repmented to be brothers and sistr-^ We were then uken before Mr. , the commissioners agent in , for the purpose of being pasted bv him. I had been previouslv prepared for thb interview by the selecting agent's clerk, wbo directed me to give the following account of myself: < That my fother was dead, and that my mother had tailed for Auttralia in the — — .' Tlie commistionen agent asked Mr. if my mother had sailed, as was suted by me, and Mr. said, 'she had, he believed.' In the evening the selecting agent's clerk, Mr. , came after office hours to the place where the intended emigrants were lodging and a conversation passed between hira and me^ with some others, relative to the characters required by Mr. . I declined procuring any character. The clerk then addressed himself to a young woman, and asked her if she had lived nowhere. She replied she had lived with , but that she could not eet a character from him, aa lie wouM not permit her to start for Australia, if he knew such was her intention. He then requested me to write a character for this girl in her late master's name ; which I refused to do, saying it would be forgery. He then asked a young gentleman sUnding near me to write it for lier. Tl>c young gentleman refused to write a character in another's name, but consented to write a copy of one according to the clerk's dictation, whidi he (the clerk) said he would transmit to , to the addr.'ss of Mr. , the selecting agent there, in order that it might be pnl into the post-office of that town. The clerk said, the one character would answer all (meaning me and the four others included in the same certificate), and therefore required 13*. from me for the selecting agent in , as a reward for posting the character ; sdding, lie could not be expected to endanger himKrlf without obtaining some remuneration. 1 also gave him 2/. to purchase things lie said I would require on the pas- sage. I [laid him 91. lor the periectiiig of the certificates, including my own name and that of the otiier four." Hiese few instances will diow the nature of the deceptions practised, and also how diffi- cult it must be for officers ol' the Government to cope with the artifices of such unscrupulous traders. 1 feel it however right to remark, that none of the instances of fraud cited, nor any similar instances, occurred in the case of emigranu sent out by London agents. 19. On arrival Icre, the inmiigranU have to undergo a strict examination? — Yes, and in consequence of the numerous altempU at imiiosition upon the Government and the colonial public, which have Utterly been discovered, U»e Board have felt it their duty to make (71.) M t much REPORTS RELATING TO EMIORATIOIf. £«7. 35lh Mav l»43. NKKT hiMh strletiFr inquiry tlm ' under ordinary circumManoM ihcy might hurt eonoidcred SOUTH WALES. neccMary. *— ' SO. TIm •tricUMM of Uiat inquiry, it It to b« prcMimed, Mcom titc colony against boiuity F.L.S.M*nuHhir, being paid on umuitable immigranu?— It dop% to a ccruin extent i but awny inilaoeet """' lutTe been brought, even oflSciallT, within my knowledges in which the Beard hav.-d by the vigihutt superintendence of diniiitt-rested officcri, having opportunity of |)erional communication on the spot with the intending emigrants, aiul wiiii ilie parties signing in their favour. 27. Do you mean to st;»o it as your opinion, tliut no regulation established by the Com- missioners in Kngland could prevent llie practice of such positive and wilful deception* as appear to have been practised in a great number of instances ? — I think not without double es|>cnse ; as I am of opinion tluit a toad agency under the direction of tlie Uovemment, for the examination of the iniendiiig emigrants, would be requisite, tiesidea the agency fsiabliitlied by tlie contracting mercluuit fur their selection. 28. Do vou not think that much must always depend on the character of the contracting mcrcliaiUsV — Certainty ; but the merchants must necessarily be greatly dependent upon the local agi-iitt employed by them to select the emigrants; and on the re*{iectability of these sub-agents, more than on that of the merchant, would depend the fiiitliful execution of the bounty order. For iiutance, some of the grossest frauds lately brought under our notice have 1 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 25lb Mny 1842. have been practiied in the office of th« ideeting agent of one of the moit reipecuble mer- new oantile houiei in Sydney. Hii emplnyen have in the moat honourable manner repudiated SOUTH WALKS, his acta, but the eyil has not been the less for their abhorrence of it. — • S9. Does it appear to you that any advantage would arise from requiring all persons act- ''■ ^■^- Mtrtwtthtr, ing in the eapaelty of bounty ;«enu to obtabi a licence from the Commiuioners of Colonial "" Land and Emigration, which should be granted to persons onlv of good character, and be revocable on proof of misconduct or dieception having occurred with their knowledge?— If the future conduct of emigration is Ml to mercantile speculation, I am of opinion that such a ehaek would be highly desirable. 30. You have stated that the bounties have been refused on a considerable proportion of the whole niiJiber claimed for ; setting uide those cases, and confininir yourself to those on whom the bounty has been paid, do you think that the immisranu, taken as a clabs, afford a fkir sample of the persoiu whom it would be desirable to introduce into this colony?— I think not 31. Do you think, then, that so ?3ng cs emigration is conducted as a mere mercantile speculation, the profit or loss of the transaction will be considered, rather than the benefit to the ... , . in casual labour in or about the seaport towns where the emigrants embarked. These men were doubtleu shipped because they came ready to hand, and were obtained without expen&e ; and thus I think it would ever be. So long as men of a description sufficiently within the terms of his contract to make his payment safe would seek him in his office, the agent weald assuredly not give himself the trouble to inquire whether he might not obtain a better class of persons from the rural population ; much less would he thmk of incurring addi- tional expense for the sake of obtaining a better description of emigrants than he was bound to furnish. 82. Do you not think that the experience they have had of the penalty they are liable to, by withholding the bounty on parties not suitable, will render the agents for the future much more cautious in the selection of those whom thev send out ?->-It will probably make the contractor more eautknu, but I do not think it will have the effect of securing to the colony the best description of persons within its reach. 93. May not the perseverance of Government, in the strict application of the regula- tions, at length convince the agents that it will be their best policy to send out none but such as are trulv what thejr are represented to be ? — The agents will find it their policy to s«?nd out such persons only as would make their payment su < but no better ; at least if any additional expense would be entailed on them by the t'on of a superior de- scription. SA. Do you imagine, that, under such a rigid interpretation, persons would be found willing to engage m such an occupation ? — I think that in order to secure, through a mercantile agency, the best description of labourers within the reach of the colony, it would be necessary to give lo closely defined a description of the persons wanted, and to enforce so rigid an adherence to the rules laid down, as would render the contract a most embarrassing, if not an unprofitable one ; and would also be injurious to the colony, by eiuluding many persons who might be allowed free passages under the greater latitude of choice, which might safely be allowed lo agentt less uifluenced by considerations of self interest 3A. Do vou consider that such disallowances would have the effect of raising the charac- ter of immigration generally, or merely prevent the introduction of such parties as are not of the character required by the regulations ? — I think that the contractor would, as a matter of course, still execute his order in the manner most profitable to himself, and ' send the cheapest description which he could furnish without risking the loss of payment. 86. The point which the committee wish to ascertain is, your opinion whether, by a strict yet not unjustly rigorous application of the regulations, it might not be possible so to dis- criminate the (iiiTerent classes as to ccnfirm tM aUowanc« of bounty to such individuals only among the immigrants as should be truly worth to the colony the expense incurred by their introduction ?--I think tlwt the rejection of decidedly ineligible immigrants might generally be ensured ; but I am of opinion that the selection made would still not be as good as might be made if the question of c'^apness did not enter into the consideration of the ptrties intrusted with it. 37. Do you think, then, that bv another system a more valuable class of immigrants could be obtained at the same cost r — I do. .08. Will you be so good as to explain your views as to the manner in which such a system is to be provided? — Tlie cheapness of the bounty system must consist almost entirely in tlie lower rate at which merchaiiU are able to ht-out and viczual their ships ; and this cheapness may be secured by still leaving this part of the management of the immigration business (and it is his legitimate business, which tlie selection of the emigranU is not,) in the luuids of the merchant. I would propose that the Commiuioners should contract with the merchanu for shipping and provisions, at so much per head for each emigrant em- barked ; that the surgeon superintendent should be an officer appointed by the Govern- ment, and devoted to the interesU of the Government ; that upon his report, together with tliat of the Immigration Board in the colony, should depend the full payment of the mer- chant or shipowner, as well as of the officers appointed to select the emigranU ; these officers, I would propose, should be appointed by the Commissioners, and >ct under their (71.) N 8'"*™' KLS.Mtrntellitr, Kif. 2.Mh M»j \H4l. m REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NKW MMral control, but should be pwd by tira colony in the wav of h«ul-inon«>y on rtoh SOUTH WALBS. Immigrant pronounced to be of an eligible dcecription, according, ai now, to lome fixed lumlard. 39. You think, judglnff from pait experience, that that would be ai* cheap a plan ?— -A nearly timilar plan hat, 1 oeliere, been pursued by some of the holders oi bounty orders during the past season, and has left them a considerable profit. They hare contracted for the sdeelion, conveyance, and victualling of the emimnls, by givins up to the shipowner and emignoit broker their claim to thn gDvemment bounties, with lni> e.toeption ot a per^ centage reserved as their own share in the profits of the ip^ulation. The selecting agency which I propose would, probably, 'm somewhat mora costly than that emph^red by tliese merchants, but the increased expen*e would be met by the mm which now forms the nier> chant's profit, or, in other words, the value of the order which he hoMs. 40. Has proof been afforded that parties hav« come out under the bounty system who would otherwise have paid their own nassaars? — One insUnce has been brought within my k lowledge in the last examination beibiv th«> Immigr-.tion Board : and it naturally raises a suspicion that such may have been the caie in other instances, where individuals have appeared to be of a description above tlie class to which they represented themselves to belong. 41. Will you furnish the committee with the particulars of the case you have alluded to ?— The case, as stated by the immigrant himself is as follows :— '* I went to Mr. ^— 's office, and saw his clerk, Mr. — ; he asked me if I intended to pay my passage; I said 1 did ; he said 1 was a great fool, and if I gave him 5/. he would send me aira my wife out free of expense. I said I would give him bl. if he ensured me a passage out ; he wanted the money then, but I said 1 would not give it until 1 saw my passage secured. I rive him I0«., and he handed me a blank cerlificcte to get filled up. He asked me what was I I replied, I was overseer of a manufacturing mill ; he said I should put myself down as an agricultural lat)ourer. After keeping tlie certificate for about a week, I returned it (not filled up) by post to this same clerk ; my reason for not getting it filled up was, I did not wish to ask any one in my own neighbourhood to sign what I knew to be fiuse. A few days after I sent him the certificate 1 received a note from him, saying that he had sub< milted my certificate, and directing me to come to , to pass the C'-ommissioiiers agent. I accordingly did go, and called at the office of Mr. , the selecting agent, where I again saw this clerk. Next day 1 was tsken by him before the Commissionera agent, litis same clerk asked me for a doctor" - certificate ; 1 got a note certifying to my health, which I gave him, and he copied the doeior's name into the certificate ; when 1 had my passage secured to me I paid him the iL I promised." A'2. Can you furnish the committee with a return of the number of ships which have arrived from tlie 1st of January IB4I up to the latest (leriod, showing die ports fror.t wlicnce they sailed?— I can. (Httum handed in.) 43. Can you furnish the committee with a return of the number of immigrants arrived during the same period from the various parts of tlie United Kingdom ? — I can. {Rehmt put in.) 44. Ixioking at these returns, do you think that the effect of the present system has been to bring a due proportion of emigraiMs from tlie various parts of the United Kingdom, according to the population ?— 1 am of opinion, that regard only has been had to the degree of cheapness with which emigrants could be procured, anci their means of paying the sums required from them by the bounty agents. These two considerations have, 1 think, much restricted the selection of emigrants, and the latter more particularly. On this point 1 will beg leave to quote from tlic re|>ori of the Board remarks which were suggested by the evidence of a very intelligent immigrant, who stated, " tliat many useful people were deterred from emigrating by the charges exacted by the selecting agents at home." "Our observations during the |)ast six months, lias led us to form the same con- elusion OS that stated by , that many respectable and efficient labourers are thus deterred from emigrating, and tliat less suitable people, who are in the possesuion of the means of making the payment required, usurp the place of good, and useful, and honest lalMuren, who though in such distress as would induce them to seise with thankfulness the opportunity held out by emigration of bettering their condition, yet are not sufficiently troublesome or burdensome to their neighbours to make tWir riddance worUi paying for. To this cause we attribute the selection of a number of persons who liave latterly emigrated under the description of agricultural labourers and female domestic servants, thougli 'evi- dently of a superior class ; and also the number of {lersons encumbered with large families, llie fornier class arc able to pay the bounty agent from their own resources, or those of their relatives ; the latter are provided proliably with the requisite funds by tlie parishes in England, and in Ireland by tne landlords anxious to dear their estates, and glad there- tore to remit a quarter's or half-year's rent to any of the small holilers under tliem who niay be disposed to emigrate. It is also to be observed, that Jie usual payment of the.*)/. |ier head on children, in addition to the bounty, makes a large family rather an object of preference with tlie M-lf^ting agenL" And I would here observe, with reference to a I'uriiier .'iiiswer, that in coinparing the ex|H>nse of tlie system proposed by me with thnt of the system now in o|M>rutiuii, I have considered thot (xirtion only of the cost of the si'lecting a^rency which is charge bounties, and have not incliiiled that charged upon the • iiii^rnnu iheniwlvci. .Should the bounty system be continued, I am decidwYly of opinion (hat the practice prevalent amongst the holders of bounty orders, of taking money from the rniigraiiu klii(.|N>vemment, for their own pas- sage. The gratuities have thus relieved the merchant from the payment of surgeons^ which, under a lower rate of bounties, they were compelled to make out of their own funds. 50. Do you know of instances of the kind, and how many ? — Three instances have been otficially brought under the notice of the Government, and I have been made awara of others. ftL Do you think the arrangements on board emigrant ships have been such as to ensuro order, morality, and diwiplinv, as well as the health and comfort of the emigrants during the passage, as fiu- as they have come under your observation? — Several cases have been brought under the knowledge of the Immigration Board in which gross immorality and want of order have been shown to have existed in emigrant ships. 62. Have these cases formed the subject of official investigation ? — Most of them. A3. What was the result of these investigations ? — In these cases, bounty has been refused on such of the emigrants as were shown to have misconducted themselves ; and the gratuities have been withheld from tlie surgeon and officers when any neglect of duty or misbehaviour on their part lias been shown. 54. Have the ships been generally of a suitable chus?— Decidedly. 55. Is any examination nude of the provisions after arrival here? — Yes. • 56. Have they been found of suitable quantity and quality, with reference to the number of emiffranU embarked ?— With scarcely any exception. 57. Have proper arrangements been made for tlie separation of the unmarried females from the bulk of the emigrants, and also for their being placed under proper protection, as required by the regulations ? — A large number of single females have been found by the Iloanl not to have been under the required protection, and the bounties have been witlilield in consequence. The ships have been difierentl^ partitioned, according to the opinions of different officers intrusted with their inspection. In some, the passengers deck was not divided at all in others, tlie single males were kept apart from the families and single females ; and iw others, there have been three partitions. To the latter plan I am inclined to give dcci'^.ed preference, as the one most conducive to morality and decency ; and when the partition is formed, from top to bottom, of grating, tlie current of air cannot be much obstructed. 58. By the regulations, the same number of single young women must be introduced as of single young men ; and if the bounty were withheld from the one, it would be withheld from the other also?— It has been so d-scided by tlie Government. (71.) N 2 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. N£W SOUTH WALBS. .JTlkur Sattf*' 3Cib May 1842. ThmrtM^, 26th Mry 184S. Akthue Savaob Eiq., Surgran *. n., csI'mI iii( and mamined. 1. YOU arc iwallh oAwr, and hare held that titoation for about two yean?— Yei. 2. You are alw a member of the Immigration Board ? — Ye*. & In your capaeiiy at a member of that board, you examine the bounty immigrants on arrival ? — Yei. 4. Of what deecription of penom have you uiually found them during the lait yrar 'f— They have been inAnltely vrorw aa a whole, during tnat period, than previously. 5. In what respect ?— In general character, and eflkiency as Ubourers, both physically and morally; and in many instances being of a description superior to the class of labourers, and consequently unsuited lo the wants of the colony. There has been a gradual deterio- ration during the last eight months. 6. Is there any circumstance to which you would attribute this deterioration ? — I ascribe it to the great number of persons who have now entered into the business of bounty agents, and to the emigrants bemg hastily collected in seaport or other large towns, instead of being selected from llie country districts. Formerly, the agency was confined to one per- son—Mr. Martliall, of London, whose Irish agent, Mr. Beatwrd, of Corh, had a gijod opportunity of selecting the class of emigrant* suited to the wants of the colony. l£>me khipa, however, have brought an unexceptional selection of people during the period I allude to. 7. Then a number of inexperienced persons, you think, have engaged in the business of sending out bounty cmigranu ?— Yes, and some of them not much interested in the welfare of the colony. 6. Have you reason to believe that there have been any eases of fraudulent attempu to pats improper persons for bounty? — Many |)enions have proved to be not what ihey were represented to be, and must, therefore, I am of opinion, have been sent out with a Iraudu* lent intent on the part of the agents at home. t>. Then you consider that they have engageo yo- -niisider that the gratuities to turgeoiu and officers have served the puqioie of obtaining a betti-r .^lass of cmigranu ? — lliey hove not. 24. Whnt induces }'iu to sup|)ose that the gratuities Imve failed in that retiiert ? — The kiirgcoii* and officers gei.erally knew nothing ol the emigrants before rml>urkutiuii. 25. Then the gratuiiie* grunted Imve been virtually merely so much added lu the amount ol bounties!' — 'I lie gratuities, I think, muy be looked u(>on merely a« a bonus to tliu im|M>rii-rs. 20. Have th<-y failed as well in the case of the matters and officers as in that of the surgeons ■upt.-rintendent f — No ; I think they lia"j succeeded as regards the mates, in nwkiiig them more attentive to the 'tween-dect duty. 27. Upon REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. M V7. Upon the whole, do you eoneeivt that the •mngMnenti for ih? gmenil maiulg*- JgEW ment ta the thiiM, ami the health of the paiwngen, have been inferior to what they wera SOUTH WALB9, formerlv ?— Tl maiiamnent of the ihiiN, in point of the phyiical treatment of the emi- grant!, haa beer aa Rood aa in former years. jtrlhur SavoKt, aa Will you u<>flne to what in particular you attribute the falling off you have men- fH. tloned in point of moral obwrvanoe?— I attribute it to want of tact in the perwrn soth Mi* 1843 appointed to superintend the emigrants, as well as to the want of persons competent to .^____ frame the necessary regulations, and to see them carried into effect The evils to which I refer, may be attributed generally to the want of proper order during the early part of the voyage. 29. Yon appear to sute that there has been an inferior description of persons sent out ; might not this have rendered proper arrangcmenU more ditRcult ?— Yes, in consequence of the emigrants being not only of an inferior dcMription, but of a troublesome character also. 00. Have you seen the pejwr required to be filled up by every person desirous of a passage on bounty ?— I have seen and perused a great many. 31. Can you account fur the introduction of do large a number of unsuitable persons, in spite of the precautioi.s taken by tlivM! certificates ?— Some blame may be attributable to the Ooveriment agents at the ports of embarkation, wlioie duty it is to see that the quali- fications of the emigrant embarking, judging from pertonal appearance, correspond with those given to him by his certificate ; but, where bold and well-concerted deception is practised, tlie agents cannot detect forgeries unlet* they have previously entertained suspicion. 38. Are you aware whetlier any means are adopted to ascertain that the householders who sisn tlie certificates in question are really the respectable persons they represent themselves to be ? — I am not aware that there is any check in this respect, except that of requiring a clergyman or magistrate to certiiy to the respectability of the parties. 33. \ our opinion then is, that these certiifcates are liable to great abuse, and are insuffi- cient for the purposes intended ? — TImt they are so has been proved, I think, by the many cases of deception discovered by the Board. 34. Are these certificates returned to the parties named in them, or to the affreighter?— To the affreighter, I believe. 35. Would it not tend to prevent alteration in these certificates, if they were transmitted to the colonial government, after being signed by the proper ofScer? — It would check alteration subsequently to their approval by the Commiuioners. 36. Have you reason to believe that alteiations have been made ? — I have. 37. Do you consider that the instances in which you suspect deception to have been practised arc so numcruui as to bear a large proiwrtion to the whole number of immigrants iniroduceassages, and make inquiry respecting their general character. 40. l)o you propose (hat these local inspectors «lio\ild be appointed by the Government, and held reiponsiblo for the efficient discharge of tlieir duty /—Yes, they should be so appointeuts, I consider emigrants ot the most eligible kind, and ill sufficient number, could be procurear to you that the ngent would be more likely to require the sum from u |>erBori whose passing tlie Board here migiit be doubtful, than from a really useful person ? — Certainly ; but 1 am under the impression timt many of the ogents actetl on the opinion that almo«t any person, of whatsoever age or character, would pass the Board here. 45. 'Hie eriect of that must be to encourage tlic iiitioduction of persons not likely to prove useful (o the colony ? — Yes. (71.) N 3 46. Do REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. i 26ih M*j I (MS. NIW 4t. Do you not think, if U ww* prinlid In tha «*rtiAMta% m • wuninf to Mli(rMiUk Mil/TH WALES, thfti thtjr wm« not to pay iIm additional urn, it would graatly ckwk, if not wholly pravani this prartie* ?<-Oreid«ily. 47. Th«n you would rMonmand that Mich a condition ihould bo printad in iho atrtiA- calM 7—1 would moat ttrongly. 4a. Would you rfoommcM that tha luma to lakan by tha amnt* at homo iboukl ba dadueiad IWun the amount of bountiaa* or that tb« bounty tliouM m rniirwiy fbrfcittd?— I would racommrnd that tha bounty, in oach caia Mtiafitctorily provad, ihould bo wholly foifeitad. 49. Do you comider tha bounty ilaalf^ without any addition, taking tha avaraga, if ikirly Axed at IM, rrmunerative ?— My opinion ii, that the bounty, at tha pmaiit rata of freight •nd cMt of proviiioni, ii fiurly ranunarativa. 50. Suppoiing that all the panoni introduced had brcn uirful, would you comider tha number introduced in 1840 aMtatiTa?— Noi if ihoie who arrived had been all uieful (leoplc they would have been immadialely engaged, but numben of them were burdened with large and hrlplcM familiar and ought not to hare been allowed to embark. 51. Suppoaing that tha lyitaai weiit acted upon, which would only admit of the intro* duclion or grown-up children, doaa your obianration extend to them, or to young children ? —My obaenration extendi to young children ; I would not allow any fiimily to emigrata with more than two young cbildrra ; 1 mean thoaa requiring the aiaiiiance of a mother. 53. What age would you Ax for luch children ? — Their age ihould not bo under four yean. 58. You have iiat<>4 objaetiona to the bounty lyitem ; ia iharp any other which you think could be adopird wh' 'h would eniure a luAcieiit number of a better deicription of penont bcin^ iniroduocd, and at a lata axpenia ?— Yea, and at a lei, and have m apent the money wnich would have been terviceable to them on arrival here ? — Ye*. 63. Ii Ihu countenanctd by the officen ? — It i* done, I believe, with the knowledge of the captain*. 63. For whoae benefit are tliete article* *old ?— For the benefit either of the captain or affreighter. 64. Wai the diipoaal of luch liouon with the knowledge or consent of tlie lurgeoiu •uperintendent ?— I believe not with their lanction. OS. How many caie* of quarantine have there been?— Four; three of importance, the " Eleanor," " Aynliire," and " New York Packet ;" the lait in piurticular. 66. Coniidenng the amount of immigration, do you think that a Urge average ?— No ; it ii 1«*» tlian the average of former yt-art. 67. in the caae of the " New York Packet," which you lay waa one of particular import- ance, to what caiiie would you attribute the illnei* on board that *hip ?— It waa evidently attributable lu tlic want of proper care on the part of the lurgeon luperinlendent. 68. On wliat account wa* ihv placed in quarantine ? — On account of imall-pox in the fint inilance ; but ihe wa* continued in quarantine on account of lyphu* fever. 00. Wa* the fever prevalent on board when ihe arrived ?— Ye* ; but that circumstance wa* concealed, a* wa* diicovered in the coune of an examination before the Immigration Board. 70. Waa tha fever of a levere type ?— Yei ; fever of a marked typhokl character waa diicovered REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. diMOTtrcd by ih« mval Mrgfon, who wm appoinud to uko e*mtm of th« h«olihy in qUMWItllM. * '' 71. How muij dMiht wtro tlwra?— Nino iImUm occtirred lubMouenily to her arrival. 79. Waa it nwinaary to plaoo tho tiok aa woll aa tho hMllhy under car* ofa lurnon from tho ahor* ?— Yea. * %^h ^^ *"• '** ""•• "'^ •Pl»'n«'ng • wrgton flrom the ■here whtn thera waa one on board ?— lie waa appointed in oomequence of a petition, ligned by tbs beat informed of the immi(rar.ta, lUting their want of oonddenoe in the surgeon of the ahip. '*• Are there any precaution* which you would recommend to be taken, on the arrival of immigrant ihiiia, with reference to ihe health of the immiaranta, and titeir better appear^ •nee* which might render them more filled to enter at onooioto lervlce?— I ihink it highly deairable that on arrival the immigranu ihould be landed on Garden Iiland, or wmn other ■uitable place* to aflbrd them an opportunity of washing their clothei, &c. 7ft. la ther« any similar practice in any other country ?— I undersUnd it is done in Amerioo, although the voyage there is much shorter than to this colony, and the climate ia colder. 7«. Would thia be attended with any expense?— But very trifling. If any. NEW SOUTH WALKS. Arthur Sctagt, ifiihMiy IN2. Friday, ^th May 1 849. JottPH LoMo Innu Eaq., J. P., Sunerintendent of Oanss and Assisunt Police Magistrate, called ill, and examined. I. YOU are a member of the Immigration Doard ?— Yes. 3. How long have you been a member of that Board ? — About two years. 0. Is it vourduty, in conjunction with the other members, to examine the immigrants on arrival ?— I have taken very little part in thb portion of the duties of the Board, on account of personal infirmity. 4. You have been engaged, however, in investigating complaints made by immigrants on arrival /—Yes ; I have attended particularly to this branch of my duties. 6. Have there been many caaes of complaint during the last 13 months? — About seven. 6. What was the nature of those complaints generally ? — Complaints of the conduct of surgeons and of masters, of ill-treatment of immigranu by both, and of immorality on the part uf the officers. 7. Did any of the cases you allude to appear to be well founded ? — With two exceptions, the "Ayrshire," and, I think, tlie ** Agnes;" and in almost every case, in addition to the immediate cause of complaint, various other irregularities were disclosed in the course of tlie investigation. 8. Would the latter ca s e s have been undiscovered but for the former ones ?— I am of opinion that they would; I am quite certain of it. In the case of the " Marchioneu of Bute," irregularities were made known to me subsequently to the departure of the ship, which eacaped detection at the time the inmiigrants were passed. 9. Will you state generally the nature of the irregularities or cases of immorality which were brought under your notice ?— Complaints against the captains for ill treating the immigrants, as in the case of the <* Carthaginian," which was brought before the supreme court. 10. In wliat way did the case of the " Carthaginian" transpire? — In the course of an investigation, in consequence of a coniplaint ninde by M. A. Bolton, before tlie Board, three of the members of the Board, being niagiHtratt-a, felt it to be their duty to issue a warrant ngainat the captain and doctor, which was prepared and iignetreatment for which the captain and surgeon were tried, as proved on the trial, was their having, one night in the month of December, brought M. A. Bolton on deck about ten o'clock, with six other females ; she was then Imndcufl'^ with her hands belu.-iu Iter back, and buckets of water were tlirown over her by the surgeon and captain, varying ill number from two to seven, as statearti<», was not the only case proved against them before the Immigration Ikiard. It was provi-d to the Board tliat, some weeks previously to this, in consequence of a trifling dispute about the cleaning of a mess kid, the captain and surgt>on had liandcutTed the same person, and thrown several buckets of water over her ; and had kept her on the poop in her wet clotlies so late as 1 1 o'clock at night, but how much later was not proved. II. Was there any misconduct on the part of M. A. Bolton, which could lead to such unfeeling treatment r — Not at all ; she appears to have been a correct but peevish girl ; she was a very mural girl in her conduct. IS. Independently of the sentence i>a8se7 1842. f« REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION, NEW reqairad by the regubUoiu, and many having been proved to have been women on the SOUTH WALKS, town, the bountieo were ditallowed on such, and on a corre&ponding number of young men. 14. In the coune of your Inquiriet, were there any other improprietiet brought under your notice? — Many of the imroigranti presented Rc'.itioot eertiftcatet, and ara laid in ■ome instances to have paid 6d a signature. 'Hiin system of fraud has appeared only in tlie case of a house in Liverpool. lA. How do you think they were able to deceive the agent of the Commissioners, who is obliged to countersign the certi6cate? — I am sorry to state it, but I can only attribute it to great neglect on his part. 16. Will you stcte the other subjecu of inquiry brought under the notice of the Board ? —There were several complaints, both against surgeons and captains. 17. Of what nature? — Immorality. 18. Were there any eomplainrt as to the medical qualifications of the surgeons, or their unsuitaUeneas to exercise the necessary control on board?— In the cases of the ** New York Puket" and the <* Mathesis," there were very serious complainu against the surgeon for incapacity. 19. In the case of the " New York Packet," the quarantine expenses were not paid ?— They were noL 20. What were the reasons for withholding the bounties in the case of the « Mathesis"? —The misconduct of both surgron and captain, and the intufBcicncy and bad quality of the provisions; but the reasons will be more clearly seen, as contained in an extract from the Report of the Board, approved by the governor, which, with permiuion, I will read to the Committee : " It is our painful duty, therefore, to report that we are not satisfied that the immigrants have been supplied with a suflSciency of wholesome provisions and water, and with reason- ably comfortable accommodation ; and, we must add, that a want of order, regularity, and decency, appears to us to have existed in this ship, which is, in the highest degree, dis- creditable to all qarties concerned. We cannot, therefore, recommend the payment of any portion of the bounties claimeti" 31. Are there any other eases of irregularity than those to which you have already alluded ? — The almost universal sale of wine and spirits to the immigrants. 93. For whose benefit ? — I am not aware, but certainly with toe concurrence of both captain and surgeon. 33. Did it appear that the iramigranu had been chaiged high for such articles ? — They were charged lAi. per gallon for rum. 24. Could they obtam any quantity ihvy required ? — h appears that, in some instances, they could. 1 l»ve a case before me, which was reported on by the Board, in which a man bought 4*. worth on the 2ad, Su. worth on the 26lh, and 4«. worth on the 27th of one month. In this case it appearert that lli« captain had a sum of money belonging to the immigrant in hia hands, from which he took payment. In another case, it was dis> tinctly proved, that an imm' ^rant in the same vessel was allowed to purchase articles, oonfeaaed by the master and surgeon to have been unnecessary, even afker his money was expended, on depositing his watch in the hands of the chief officer as security. 25. Although these complainU were numerous, yet they formed the exception rather than the rule ? — Yes ; but I am very much inclined to think '.hat many irregularities occurred which never came to the ears of the Immigration Board. 3(1. Were these irregularities discovered to have existed in the ships recently arrived, or in those which arrived 13 months previously 'f — In the ships recently arrived. 37. Then yuu think there has been a falling oflT latterly ? — Decidedly. 38. To what cause do you attribute lime irregularities? — To the grosv inattention of the shipping agents at home, whose only aim ap|)eurs to have been to make as much money as they possibly could OMt of their bounty orders ; to the incapacity of the persons put on board as surgeons; and, I musi add, to tlie culpable neglect of the port agents of the goveinmenL 39. If the latter had done their duty in examining the certificates these irregularities would not have occurred ?— There would liave been fewer irregtilarities. 30. Then, according to this system, it would appear that the business is carried on more as a mere mercantile speculation than with any regard to the wauu or interests of the colony ? — So it appears to me. 31. From your observation, have the immigrants who have arrived during the hut 13 months been suited to the wants of tlie colony ? — A large portion of the females have been of a sood description, but a large number have been uf a descripiiot; which sliould never be allowrd to embark, as will clearly Bppt>ar from an extract, which 1 will take the libi^rty to read, from a Keport of tlie Boani : ^ The manner in which unmarried females are represented to have been shipped, without relifrence to character or qualificaMons, by the person to whom Messrs. intrusted the (election of the immigrants imported by them during lliii M-axon, is so disgraceful, that we should have been inieljned to receive the statements made in the course of our inquiries «s exaggerations, if not perversions of the truth, but for the afldavit of the -..:■-- - ■ .1... . - ■»•-». ■■ .;.■-.• ,...- witness REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. Vt wilneu' • ; not that we are surprised to find that but little attention 1ms been NEW iiUr of . trnm we refer will be found in the evidence of and from their evidence we consider the following J. L> Intiet, Eiq. J.f. 27t:i May 1842. paid to character in the selection of females, for, of want of regard to the interest oi" the SOUTH tVALKi> public here, in that particular, we have had but too frequent proof; but we rould not have supposed that the evil found by us to exist was of so shameless and so base a cha- racter. The statements to which ' '" *- '- -J '- -'-- ■• -' facu to be fully established: «« Tliat the clerk of , agent, has been more than once heard to say, that, so long as he got his number of single women, he did not care if he took them from the Streets. " That the same clerk has encouraged women of the worst character to emigrate under Messrs. 's bounty permissions. " Tliat the same clerk was in the habit of getting certificates prepared in a manner nearly approaching to forgery. states, upon oath, that the certificate which was pro- duced to us in his favour was filled up by this clerk ; that he knew nothing of the signatures attached to the document, and that tiie signature purporting to be his own was not written by him. states, that 'all individuals had to do wos to say that they would go, and this clerk would make it right for them.' " And we are further of opinion, from the evidence given by , and from similar statements t'^ \t have been made to us, in other instances, that the same clerk has been in the habit of directing single men, who applied for a passage, to obtain from the streets, or the brothels of , or whence mattered not, the requisite appendage of an unmarried female. It may be well to remark here, that we find a large number of the certificates of character, produced by emigrants embarked at , to oe signed by this clerk." 32. Are tliese obi;ervations intended to apply generally to the system, or to the cases which have come under consideration of the Uoard? — Generally, as regards the parties in Liverpool. The London ships were better managed, and particularly those fitt«l out by Mr. Marshall. 83. Have you any suggestions to ofler, tending to improve the system ? — In reply to this'qucstion, I feel much diffidence in venturing upon any suggestions. The great length of time I have been absent from Europe, nearly 17 years, and the changes which have taken place during that period have been so important, that I fear I am but ill qualifiev no care seems to have been taken in the K'lection, the object being merely to fill up the ships. 6. Do you conceive then that tlie business lias been conducted k\ a mere m<^rcantilo speculation, liaving rn^rd to profit only, and without reference to the wants or interests of the coloiiv? — I think it lias been aliogvtiier a mercantile speculation, carried on with a view to pront only. 9. Have there been many instances of complaint tlmt Imvv formed tlie subject of inves- tigation before the Immigration Board, and what luu been their nature ? — Very few cases of complaint were fonnerly made; most of the investigations which liave token place lately have arisen out of abuses accidentally discovered to the Board; in fact, the |>eople arc not wilting to complain, even where just causes exist, provided they have been tolerably well treated by the captain and surgeon. 10. Have the arrangements in th( hips, witli respect to the K-paration of the married and unmarried females, been such as to insure morality on board r — 'I1ic bhi{M liave been generally good, and well provisioned. 'Ilie best arrangement for the observance of morality has been the entire sepiration of the females from the males ; the plan pursued by Mr. Marshall. Intercourse between the crew and the young women has been thus prevented. Neither morality nor decency can be iiuured on bosrd vessels without par- titions. 1 1. Have there been any complaints with ri^fard to immorality on board the ships ? — In inoHt coses, wliere investigations liave taken place, immorality lias been (bund to liave existed, though not previously complained of. 12. liave not the ships, on board which immorality has been proved to Iwvc existed, ■ formed ' .'-rjMi.., .w^.^iwO ^W REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. rival ? — NEW SOUTH V/ALBS. 27th May I8J2. formed » very inwll proportion to the whole number that have come out?— A very small proportion ; but if we had been aware that abuie* prevailed, nuch as have been discovered during ihe last eight months, we should probably have discovered more. 13. Then you have been put upon your guard by the discovery of abases within the last U- "• fifowne. i'»'/- eight months / — Yes ; several abuses have come to light during :hat period. •'• ^' 14. Do you think Marshall's ships have been better conducted than any other? — They have been decidedly superior to any other ships. Tlie only objectionable arrangement in his ships was the blocking up the ofter part of the between decks, by berths for intermediate pofsenffcrs, which prevented the free circulation of air. 15. Have the surgeonsHuperintendent in general been competent, both as regarded their medical skill, and their fitness to take charge of so large a number of people? — 1 think they have not generally been proper men ; they have not been possessed of the moral qualities requisite for so responsible a situation. 16. Then, in your opinion, it is a matter of vital importance that the surgeons-superin- teiident should be not only skilful in their profession, but also possessed of the morel power requisite for the proper control of the people committed to their charge ? — Certainly. 17. Have tlie gratuities to the surgeons answered the purposes for which they were panted? — I think not; they have been of benefit only to the importers, as relieving them Irom the payment of surgeons. 18. Then the only effect of granting the gratuities to surgeone has been to create a virtual addition to the bounties? — Yet ; such has been their only effect. 19. In any future system, how would you have the surgeons appointed and remune- rated? — I would recommend that their appointment should be subject to the approval of a competent Medical Board at home, and that they should be paid by gratuities. 20. Is it not absolutely necessary that they should be in the interest rather of the Government than of the aifreighters ? — Most certainly; they should be officers in the interest of the Government, and in no way connected with the aifreighters. 21. Then they should hold their appointments from the Government ? — Yes, and their gratuities should l)e subject to the approval of the Board here, to whom they should be bound to communicate all they know ot immigrants. 22. Being as at present appointed, it is the duty of the surgeons rather to withhold information from the Board than to come forward and expose any irregularity which may have taken place ? — It has been proved to the Board that such is the case. 23. Have you known instances where young single females have come out without pro- tection, and have been told olf to protectors in harbour only, to insure payment of the bounties ? — It is my impression that such a practice has been very general. 24. Have not the cases been numerous, in which the bounties have been withheld on young single females who have not come out under proper protection ? — A great many bounties have been withheld on that account. 23. Will not this huve the effect of checking the practice you have mentioned? — It will have a beneficial effect in checking it in future. 26. Do you think the withholding the bounties will have the effect of inducing the merchants to send out a better description of people ; and are you of opinion that the amount imid by the Government for the importation of each immigrant is sufficient to enable tlit- importers to send out such {Mirsons only as would be useful to the colony? — I certainly think such should be the effect ; and from a calculation 1 have made, I am of opinion t.iat the liusiness might be conducted with advantage to the importers, with no other iMvnu'itt than that received from the Government, and yet with strict adherence '.o the regufaliuns. In support of this opinion I will read an originnl charter-party, between , a holder of a bounty order, and , the owners of a suitable vessel for the convcynnoe of emigrants : " It is this day mutually agreed between Messrs. , owners of the ship , to be classeady to sail by the 25th of ; the owners to detain the ship two or three dovs in the River, for the purpose of mustering the passengers, us may be required." (71.) U '2 27. Is 100 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW SOUTH 97. It ih«re any other tyttem you would propoM by which a better cIms of immigrantt WALES. could bo obtained at a leu ex|icnM( to the public ?— If agenta at home were appointed by Government to lelect the EmiKrant*, and payment of the bounties were made to depend H. H. firovHf, Etq. oi, i)^ approval of the Board here of each penon lelected, 1 think a better claw of people "^ '*' might be obtained on cheaper terms. Tih Mav 184',; 38w You mean that the selecting agents should be appointed by the Government? — ' I do. 39. How would you provide for the passage of the emigrants in such case ?— If the Go- vernment would enter into contracts with shipowners, such as I have read to the Com- mittpc, they might charter vessels, and send them out fully as cheap as merclwnts. 30. Then the selecting agents should obtain the emigrants from the country districts* and not, as at present, from the sea-ports? — Certainly, from the inland counties and agri- cultural districts. 31. Miffht not a better selection be obtained through the medium of the parochial clrr^ty? — ^I think, perhaps, that if the parochial clergy were actively employra in the selection of emigrants, they might be disposed to send persons whom they might wish to get rid of, rather than persons useful to the colony. 32. Has the practice which has obtained, of the parish authorities paying a portion o' the bounty to the agents, been beneficial or otherwise ? — I think that any puymenis to the agents other than the legitimate bounties tend to the introduction of persons whom the parish authorities, or others, are glad to get rid of, and to pnvent the introduction of those of a more suitable description. 33. These are not the parties who would be most beneficial to the colony ?— No. 34. Has not the practice of requiring certain Hums of money from the emigrants them- selves been instrumental in introducing a sui>eriur class of |)er8ons, who, on arrival here, would be more likely to employ labour than to engage as labourers themselves? — It has. 35. Have the masters in command of immigrant ships been generally of suitable character? — Tlie Scotch and Liverpool ships have been the worst commandod. Tlie masters have not beei] at all fitted for the charge of immigrant ships iluring a long voyage. I think it of great imimrtance that the master of an immigrant ship should be of a superior r-i class, and one who would co-operate with the surgeon, f think also, that the mate should be competent to take charge of the ship, in case of any accident to or illncu of the master, which has generally noi been the casew 36. Would you say that the sliips have been well conducted? — Yes, tlie generality have been so. \ '' ' - ' 37. Do you think tliat tlie gratuities to the roaster and officers have had the desired effect? — I do. 38. They have rather leaded to induce them to be more attentive ? — Certainly. 89. If immigration were in the hands of tlie Government, do you not think it would iiKurc a certain supply of labour arriving in the colony at the seasons when it would be • moit required, and also insure a better description of |ieople ? — Under a Government system the supply would be more regular, anil the conduct of the ships belter. 40. Have you had any reason to believe that the certificates furnished by the parties have been falsified ? — A great number have been proved to the iloard to be false. 41. Have the Board had direct evidence of that ? — 1 think they have. 42. Do you know wliat is the course with respect to these certificates, after they are signed by the Government agents?— I'hey are sent, I believe, to the bounty agents. 43. Would it not be better if they were sent direct to tlie local government here ? — Cer- tainly. 44. Has the syst4>m of selling spirits on board ships to the emigrants been carried to any extent?— I think the sale of spirits and wines Iws been encouraged, as an addition to the profits of the iinjrarters. 45. For whoM> benefit have tlf sales been made ? — Generally for the tx-nefit either of the master or the owners. 46. Can ,'ou give an instance? — Several instances have come under the notice of the Ikiard. 47. Have you any means of knowing what the present demand for labour is? — I liavc not. 4H. Do you think, from your own observation, that there lias been an excess of supply during the la«t \K niontha? — 1 think that there may have been an exc<>ss, in so far as that the whole dill not find immediate eiiipluymeiit, although a demand existed fur them in the colunv. ' 49. If they had been of suitable callings they would all liave been employed ? — Yes. 50. Arc tlK^re many now out of employment, and are they useful |M?ople ? — I do not iliiiik that there arc any UK-ful men now out of employment. 51. Have the rales of wa^jes much diminished? — I have not known sliepherds engaged for less than lal^ whilst they are geiierallv engage 1 at from 'ML to '25/. with rations. bt. Tliis REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. Vol 52. Thii it Of much u the coloniiu can afford to give ?— Quite as much. 53. Then, but for the very copious supply which arrived within the last 12 months, wages would have been so very exorbitant as to have caused great distress amongst the em- ployers?— Before the supply arrived wage* were at an exorbitant rate } I myself had been jiaying 50/. to a shepherd, in order to save my sheep. 54. That must have entailed an absolute loss on you ?— I considered it much too high, but had no alternative. 55. Tlie importation of labour has been attended with very great advantage to the colony ? — It has been attended with inestimable advantage. NEW SOUTH WALES. H, H. Bromne, £i«. J. P. 27ih May 1842. Fridajf, 9rjth May 1842. William Haiivie Christie, Esq., J. P., a Member of the Immigration Board, called in, and examined. 1. How long have you been a member of the Immigration Board ?— Since January W.H.Chrulie.EKi. 1841. 2. In that capacity you visit the immigrant ships, for the purpose of examining the bounty immigrants ? — Yes. 8. Have you attended pretty regularly ? — Yes. 4. According to your observation, have the immigrants been generally of a useful class? — I think they have deteriorated lately. 5. From wliat cause ? — I think that the importers have been less careful in their selec- tion, in Liverpool particularly ; and that a very bad description of people, and many pros- titutes, have been shipped in consequence of the employment of a lower description of agents. 6. Have not the cases you allude to been detected by the Immigration Board, and the bounty withheld in consequence? — Very generally, but not in all cases; many escape detection from an indisposition on the part of the immigrants to make complaints. 7. Then, notwithstanding tlie vigilance of the Board, you think ineligible parties have been passed for bounty without detection ? — I think so. 8. Has not the bounty been withheld on a considerable number of young women, who were not brought out under proper protection ? — Yes, on a great many. 9. Do you consider these cases as likely to cause stricter adherence to the regulations in future, so as to ensure a better description of people? — Decidedly; but I think the most efficient check would be to appoint naval surgeons to take charge of the im- migrants. 10. Have not the gratuities to the surgeons superintendent, established by the regula- tions, been attended with the good effects anticipated from them ? — I think the gratuities have not had the eft'ect of securing a better class of surgeons, and that they have frequently been turned to the profit of the shippers only. II. — Tlien the gratuities have been virtually merely an addition to the bounties? — All affreigliters may not have made this the case, but I am aware that some have done so. 12. Have the gratuities to the officers been attended with better results? — I think that the gratuities to the masters and other officers have have a good effect. i:). Do you think that, under what is called the Imunty system, the most useful and moral class of immigrants t" likely to be obtained? — I think not, as at present con- stituted. 14. Is it conducted as a mercantile speculation, so as to afford a profit to the parties engaged in it, without reference to the interests of the colony? — \ am of that opinion. 15. Is the result of this, that the emigrants are selected from seaport towns, rather than from the country ports likely to afford the description of people required by tlie colony ?— I think so. 10. Is there any other system that you could propose, by which a better class of immi- grants might be obtaiiitHl at the same cost to the colony ? — I think that the appoifitment of naval surgeons to the emigrant ships, witli the power of rejecting ineligible persons, would be attended with a beneticial rt^sult to the colony ; and I consider that the selecting agents should be persons uf established character. 17. How would you, in cu.se the selecting agents were appointed by Government, pro- vide for the passage of the emigrants ? — I am not pre|>area to say that the affreighters should not appoint their own selecting agents ; but in every instance the appointment should be connrinewli8haw. ,. Mr. Charles Smith. Mr. Hunt, Jamison-street Mr. John Hall, Cooper. Mr. Bird, Market-street. Mr. Blair, Sussex-street Mr. Strutli, engineer. Mr. John Harris. (71.) O 4 Saddlers.— 104 RRPOKTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NBW SOUTH WALES. RCMARKI. SaddUr$. — Ovenlocked with labour, in coniequencc of Eiitfliili good*; icveral good working men have gono into wrvice. Shotmak*r$.~-Stt Dootmaken. Tailori. — In coniequencc of the deprewion of the timet many journeymen are out of work. TiHtmilh$. — Trade improving fait; dull however •ince 1840; if it continue favourable for two monthi all handi will be employed. INfORMANT. Mr. Oiblett, Mr. Cooper, and Mr. OriAtlu. Mr. John Coyle, Oeorge-tireet. Mr. F. Robinwn, Gcorge-itreet. Sydney, 8th June 1842. William Auouirui Miles, J. P., Superintendent of Police. Return of the Price* of Rent, Provisions, and CLOTiiiNr., in the Yeant 1630, 1833, 1696, 1630, 1640, 1H4I, and 1642. RENT. PROVISIONS. YEARS. ROOOM WhMt Flovr pvlb. SmoihI Flour per lb. RMion Flour per lb. Mutton POT lb. pn lb. 8u||W yn lb. Tubwcn p«r lb. p«r lb. t. d. Jt $.d. (. d. «. d. «. d. .. d. f. d. (. d. .. d. t. d. I8S0 - 4 10 5 41 \ 4 li 2 6 H 3 3 44 1 833 4 6 4 Sj 3 li 2 6 34 S 3 44 1836 • 5 1 4 3 \i \ 1 14 2 6 3) 3 3 44 1839 6 S 10 3 9\ 1 8 3 2 6 34 3 3 44 1840 - 7 6 6 3 2 2 44 2 6 34 3 3 44 I8»l 8 0:056 24 2 11 44 2 6 Si S 3 44 1842 - 10 5 6 24 2 H 34 2 6 34 3 3 <> 4 CLOTIIINO. YEARS. Fiutian 1 FiMtiai Jarteti. TrovMr •■ Ca«b Thick 1 .Shun pnpur. BI«kH> pcr|»ir. T"'- 'Sbwtln. p«r y»flets to different families, till he contrives to live rent free. 7. Do you mean to say that this custom is confined to the Irish people here?— Perl lapa not confined exclusively to the Irish people here. My inspectors have given me soma returns relative (o immigrants, which I beg to bond in. [/V i«.] H. The returns which you have handed in, and which purport to be from the dif erent inspectors of police in the town of .Sydney, show that there is an increase of more thr.n 400 immigrants lingering in ''ii» district within the last nine months; do you mean t'.jat any greater number are out c. employment here than might be expected, or than is usual in places having an equal population ? — Certainly not. 0. Have you means of knowing whether those who are disengaged are such as would be likely to prove useful if taken into service ? — Yes, if they are not too lazy. Some immigrants prefer to remain in Sydney, either on account of being near their relatives, whom they came o'i> to join, or else on account of their laxy disposition, preferring chance employment to the Itarder labours of the bush ; they are tlie dregs, the sediment of importation. Two men, one married to the sister of the other, arrived in the ship Palestine ; they went into service for a month, but left, saying to a fellow servant, that they never intended to do any work, as they could do very well by conjuring; and these people are now performing feats of " hocus |>ocus." I have observed with regret that many able-bodied men prefer the laay occupations of selling fruit, or hawking at>out the streets; and as I consider their labour could be better employed both to themselves and the colony, I have desired the constabulary not to allow them to put their baskets on die pavement, and I intend to enforce the penalty for hawking without a license. 10. Do you think that the numl>er of useless and unemployed persons of the labouring class in Sydney exceeds that of any other places ? — Certainly not ; it would be difficult to find a spot where greater acuteneu and energy prevail than in Sydney. 11. 'Fhen vou do not think that there is any marked excess beyond what might be expecti-d ? — i do not 12. Do you infer from the returns furnishecially by men who liuve returned from Norfolk Island or other prnal settlements ; these men are lost and debased by the severest punishment, as well as corrupted by the foulest contaminniion ; there is a sad fellowship of crime and a recklessness in thfir character. There ar*. a lew exceptions, hut, in general, those men who have been to Norfolk Island are the blots of the population. With rojiard to die convict admixture with the immigrants, 1 cannot too strongly advert to the injury caused by con- tamination. It may be said that the convict population is decaying, hut the germs of crime are dtrply implanted. The result of the intercourse of convicts with immigrants is to render them cautious, insolent and suspicious, if not worse. 14. With reference to tli'.- last question, tlie t'ominittce observe that the insjiectors, in their Ue|Kirt8, state they are not aware that there is any increase of thieving; can you explain this? — The Ilejiort only relates to recent immigrants. 13. Are the |Hrsoiis you allude to as the planner!, of robberies the prisoners who have been sent up from Norfolk Island under the provisions of the CoinniuUition .\ct ? — I am endeavouring to ascertain this jKiinl, but at present I rannot give a definitive answer. I do not believe wt- have any men from Norfolk Island who have been under the new discipline uf Captain Maconuehie. 16. Does it appear from this circumstance that the effect of iininigiation has been to dirow out of employment {lersons of Imd habits and character? — It has; and the "old hands," a-i tliey are termed, cortlially hate the imuiigrants on that account. 17. As, then, the number of immigrants uneniplovcd has not exceeded what you consider (71.) V «»'« IM REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NKW SUHTII WALES. U. M. MiltM, C«, and u tlwjr are f^nenlly well-«ondiictc«l penou*! don your ospericnro lead you to cotu-UuIr, eitlicr thai immigralion ho* b»*n exoM- •ivf, or that there haa Dorn a prrpomlcrciiing number of immi^raiiu of bad character f — I do not comider immigraiion to have been excewive, nor do I ronaider the character of the people to have been preponderalingly bad, although they appeared to lack th« fiiergy and apiHude M requieiie for ihn colony. I have noticed a great itupidity in many of ilie immigrant*, and lome of them I coniider to be ai liad ai any conviet ; the teniale* Iwvc been liadly lelected, and picked up at random, I should lay, to make the reauired number ; it Iwi, howorer, been a matter of aitonlthment to me to obaerve how rapidly labour Ium been ubeorbed. 18. Havt' you IukI meant, u a member of tlie Immigratiun lioanl, of aacerlaining whether the immigrantt generally come fairly within the drirriptionii reipiircd by the regulationi / — I have not t nor indeed have I turned my attention to the lubject ; my attention and my effbrtt have U-en to aarertain the demand for labour and price* of wage« in tlie district*, so that the immigrant may be informed on landing what are the wagiries of tables from infortnalion afforded me by various ningist rates ; and although in a few cases the detail may not b« to minute at it is desirable it should be, yet at a mass, I think it may prove a useful document. There arc many persons of respectable connexions at home, driven to great distress in Sydney at this time ; men who have oxliau4ted the few score of pounds tliey tnay have brought to this " 111 Dorado," and who are fit for nothing except a derkship. I have had repeated applications from such |icrsoiis to be adniitlMl in ihe police. [TaMnmiim.] il). 'I'aking die town of Sydney generally, do you think it can Ik' fairly said tluit tliere is a want of employment i* — labourers' wages have derreatettvcrs, ami 1 was a Commissioner of Public Charities ; in all of which my inquiries were directed to (he con- dition of the working classes. 31. Did you receive tite impression, so far as you liad been broui(ht into contact with the labouring classes, that the ineaiis of occupation were generally sufficient for the sup|>ort of tlie population ?— In the agricultural districts in England, I do nut considt r labour to be redundant in a degree to meet the want* of tliis colony. In the manufacturing districts, wliere the services m' the artisan are ilisplac«i by the introduction of machinery, there is great privation and distress; and tliose |K-rsons, by cluinging their occu|iatiuhs, would be useful in the colony. tM. Your opinion then is, generally speaking, tliat agricullund labourers are earning sufficient wages, and therefore feel a rejiugnance to emigrate / — Generally s|M>akiiig, the agricultural labourer earns such wages tlwt he is not indu<-ersoi)H likely to come out in numbers are tlie liand-loom weavers. In my lle|M)rt tu the House of (.'x>minonR u|x)ii the subject of emigration, a* a means of relief to the hand-loom weavers, I state, p. 627 — " lliere is a great desire for emigration at this time (iHt)U) among the working clasaes in Gloucestershire ; but unfortuiuilely for the weavers they are not a class of persons in reqnest ; yet there are many of them fully capable of following rural occu- IMktions, ami would prove useful members in a colony." Tlie opinion I entertained in Kngland luis been confirmed by my residence liere ; and I quote a letter, which 1 published in my Report to the House of Coinmot.s, from a weaver wlio had emigrated here. He dates from Paramatta, June ItVki, and writes to the clergy- man of his parish of Kingswood,— " I nave 4(M. a year, with house, food and firing, t'rovisions are niiirh chea|)er than at home; clothing tomewhat dearer. The privileges held out to iiiiniigraiit* are exlremelv good. We were free the moment we landed, and were providei. a week; a labouring man get* 'iJM. a week. If any persons are desirous of einigiatin!; to New South Wales, I would reconimentl tlH*m to come out inimetliately, for with industry • |>eople can do extremely well, and maintain their families res|M>ctably. They will find employment directly, and good wages for their labour; they will s4mmi be masters of many |Miunds; and if we cliooie to return to England, we can save money enough in two years to |>ay our nossage back, llic llev. W. Cockin, of llaniptoii, county Gloucester, in reference tu the condition of the weaver, states — " Tlie distress of the entire district is beyond (he conception of any one who lia* not wituessett it. It was not mere want, but actual starvation, that wa* etidur;-d last winter ni*3«)." I enquired into tlic condition of 2jO weavers' families, and found Uie average to be about five in each family, and (liat their entire earnings amounted tu 10*. a week, out of which they liad (o (my — ». . Leaving only 0*. 0^c^ a week to (veil and cloUie the family of five (lersous. 23. The A I REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 107 uccu> IK A. mi*: Ell. J. P. Hih June IN43. ii& TIm WMvwt would nuka good tbrplMrda, but would thoy, Mcutlomad u thoy Iwvt ff^\y batn to the ■lmm my Report a lew remark* upon the general charnct.T of the hand-loom weaver* : ** Ui-iative to the general habit* of llie wfuven, a* to diligence, providence^ frugality, honeaty, and temperance, they rank in common with their fellow workmen. Low wage* lend to dc*troy the energy requisite for active diligence; the earnings of the out-door weaver are too low to afloril a surplus for provident saving*, therefore frugality and temperance arc the retulu of ni'C(>*sity. It might be presumed, that |)er*ons in so low a condition would sink into u low moral sUle ; the weavers, however, are not a clasa addicti-d l(> tluring crime or hardeneii theft ; their pilfering* are confined to vegeUbles, or to obtain a little woimI for firing, und to minor offences, emanating from extreme di*tre**; ihey commit no offence* in order to obtain the mean* of riot or debauchery, and in many ca*es, hunger it the sole and only cause." In further reference to the weavers, I fouiul, that in tlie prison at Horsley 7S9 peraon* had been confinero|)er class of persons ? — ifv communicating with the I'oor Law Comniinsioiiers, who would, I am sure, affunl every facility in promoting the emigration of a useful class of |>ersons. '2i. Would that be the only means you would recommend? — 1 should especially recom- mend a careful (election of the emigrants, by au agent to be named by the local government, but |Nkid for his service* by the colony ; he should be a iierson known to tlie colonist*, and have a thorough knowledge of the working; classes, both hero and at home. '26. Might not the applying to the Poor Law Commissioner* expo*e the colony to tlie danger of obtaining the *ervice* of only the least effective, whom it might be thought desir- able in England to get rid of ?— The ap|)ointnient of an agent, a* I have *ugge8teoor-hou*c for England. '27, Would you proiHise that the agent so apiiuinted should have a positive veto upon those iienon* who miglit be pro|io*ed ? — Most decidedly; otherwise his appointment would be stultified and nugatory. '2t*. Is it to Im> exiK-cted that an individual holding an appointment on these terms would be of suHicient standing, or |M>ssess sufficient firmnesit, to oppose such influence m might be lued to get inefHcient persons sent out ? — That depends upon two things — the man you choose, and the salary he receivett, Stt. Do you suppose, then, that any one individual holding such an office could undertake to execute those |M)wers to the full extent necessary for the whole emigration ret|uired, supposing it to amour.t to IU,OUO pernons pe>- annum? — A man might insi>ect and pass SO |>er*ons per diem, and he would have lU weeks out of the year lor other purposes, such M travelling, Kc. iW. Are you aware that the l.an(l and Kmigralion Commissioners have already auents employeect the intending emigrants? — Yes; at the ports, I believe. .')l. You appear to be ar(|iiaiiited with the county of Gloucester; have you perused the lleturn now before the Committee, which nets forth the number of peisoiis who emigrated from that county? — 1 have; and the numlu-r iii rather more than 20U. '3'2. Uoyou consider this the fair number that might have been expecte. Do you conceive, tlieii, there is dispoititioi) to emigrate from Combridge? — There might be from towns and districts of the hi<{her land of that county; but 1 should doubt it. .')7. Are there any other cuufjes in Kiigliuid from which you thnik it more practicable to obtain laliour than Cambridge? — Yes; from Lancashire, Warwickithire, and from Yorkshire. iM. Your expectations then, it would uppeai', are principally fixed on the maQufacturing districts? — Yes I'ecause I think in those districts you will find a greater redundance of population ! and if it be ohji'cted that they have livid in towns, necessity will force them to a change of habit and occupation. 39. What degree of a8si^U work, (it it a runtiUl |>rlnriple of ih« new Poor l^w,) m 1 think that lh« rmigrant who comm out li«re thouhl rrpay or rvl'uiid a (wrtion of hi* pawanti out of waoM ; thcr« may he iuim> (rriou* tliScullic* in the waVi but 1 am anxioui to mak« th« •uavmlion. 40. Arv you not awarf, that although thvra or no nMfkrd luprrabundancr of labour in the a((ricuUural dittrirti, yet it often i« the caie, tlial th« waon of the labourinK claMca are barely lufflciriit for mt-re lubkiitence i* — I am aware of it, but an aKricullural labourer \% almoti a* a H-rf upon the loil, anr«(>ni, whow meant are to limil(>d, mivht be induced to iM'tltT llieir cuiidiliun bv rmif(rntinf( to thit colony i* — I do not think the landed interett cnuld iiwre ihe labour in larue i|uan(itieti if rettricliont at to age coidd be much extended, ^Mirrnlt miglit come over with ){ood tiled children, and i think it would be advitable to ufl'cr inducemrntt fur Irnniplftnting tlH< young uliooti. 4!l. Do you consider that much aiivantage would arise from ronimunicalion being o|N'ncd nith the |)arocliial clt-rgy in Kngland, with a view to obtain a desirable clati uf emigraiitt { — 1 liiink the bt'it |)ersont would be the guardiant of the nariihes, utsuming a riteck in the slii'.|i.< ol un agfnl fur the colony; the clergymen couUI render great assistance, and the agent should tx' in communication with them ; 1 always applied to the clergy during my ufflcial investigations. 4U. IXi you nut think that the iiillurnce of the clergy amons the yoong |)eoplc who would with to marry, and cnnnot do so at home, might be useful i—\ do. 44. Does not the reluctance of the [leasantry to emigrate arise from their ignorance of this country, and some apprehension that they nwy Im- deceived by false representations? — 'I1i« giHtgrupliicul knowledge of the Knglish |M-asant K-lilum extends U'voiid his |>arish. 45. Iluve vou any ucqunintAiice with Scotland or Ireland? — I have not; but from infor- nuttion aflbriietl ine by my brother Commissioners, I think a large supply of labour might be had from the manufacturing towns of Scotland, Paisley and others; and I may also aad, from Yorkshire. 46. Du you think a suitable class of |>erson« could be obtained from the weavers of Manchester? — 1 think they might make good slieplierdii. 47. Do yon think, generally speaking, that they would be persons of good character, and such as it woulil be ilesirable to inirtNluce into the colony? — I do; bt*cause the |>oor weavers arc a depressed and harmlesi set of men ; 1 have seen them much emaciates from dissipa- tion, but mostly from distress and cuntinement in small unhealthy rooms at their seden- tary occu|iations ; nevertheless, I think it a place from which much labour might be procures are given to combination, and in Sydney there is u great tendency to it ; I am aware tliat combinations in Sydiu-y have, since my arrival, subscribed to send newly-arrii'ed immigrtiits to iN'ew Zealand, in order to keep up wages. I am also of opinion that slaie- nients emanate from these socieiii.s injurioua to immigration. &(). Have yon any dcx-uments which you would put in, and which you think would be serviceable? — 1 have compiled Returns in a tabular form, which relate to tlie iitate uf laliwur, wages, IikmI, and clothing in Sydney, and thruughuut the colony, and which I have already read to the Cummitli-e and laid u|Hin the table; and I will nuw alsu hand in answers from the |M)li('e mHgistrat<.s of different districts, relative to labour. \i\t in.] &I. Asa member of the Immigratiun Hoard, can you oiTer any kuggesiion for the im- provement of tlic present system uf immigration — as to the telectiun uf the immigrants, the conduct of tl>e »hi|is, or tlie ap|M>iiitment uf the oilicers taking charge of them ? — When 1 became a member of the Immigratiun Itonrd, I aiiggeiilet ; men of ex|ierieiice and of character, who have already acted in similar situations, might be M-lti'ii-di Surgeons of the navy might be found well fittt.lii|>s have been lift destitute, and committed tuicide; others have gone home ai ahip kiewardt. It i», therefore, detiruble that res|M-ctable and res|>un- sible |>ertun« shuuld \w ap|K>inted to the inqiortaiit taik of attending immigrantt to the colony. IIEPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. !•• Thuridt^, gih June 1849. Thomai Icilv f]»n. called in, and txaminMl. I. You are ■ proprietor of land and Mock in the dittriet of nalhurtl ?— I am. 9. Do jpou alto hold nation* beyond the boundarie*?— 1 do. a Du you employ labour to a coniidrrable extent i*— I doi I employ from 100 to 190 working men, of whom about two-thirdt are freei the other* are bond; |>art of th« latter are awigned to myielf, and part to my partner, and tin- rvmainder have been tran*ri>rrnd to me with Mlate* wliich I have purchaM>d from |K>non( who had convict* aiiignt>fi to them. 4, Have you had any difficulty in ubuining free labour lately, and at a retlucinl rate of wage* / — I have not. ft. Will you *Uto tlK- average rate of wage* you are now giving?— To (hepherdi I am now giving from 18/. 'o 'HU. \wr annum. •.What do you think i* the average co*t to you of each free man'* ration*?- I generally give a ration and a lialf betwwn a njan and hi* wife, the co«t of which I would *tate to be about 6«. per wwk. 7. You have lieen abwnt from the colony; will you ttate for what period?— From the beginning of 1840 to tli« conmienccnicnt of 184!*. H. Did you ob«erve that any j(rrot diircrencv liod Uken place in the cireum*Unce* of the colony between the |M-riijd* ol your denarturo and return r— A markverM>n* who had embarkeJ in the buiine** of *up- Iilying the South Au*tralian and other market*, which latter outlet* for our lurplu* ttock no onger exi*t. 13. Doe* the clip of wool pay the annual cxpente* incident on the management of the (heep ? Yei, it doe*. 14. If there were a ready market for the *urplui *tock, would sheep farming be profitable now? — It would. 15. From your long residence in the colony, and extended experience, do ycu not think that in the present condition of the colony, con*idering the cheapne** of land and the low price of *tock, there is a very great inducement to capitalist* to come here ? — I do not consider the present minimum price of land cheap; but from the very low and easy rate at which stock run now be obtaineeen lower, they would have had no doubts on the subject ; I feel satisfied that it has had the effect, not only in these cases, but generally, of preventing capitalists from emigrating. 90. Have you ever turned your attention to, and can you state what, in your own mind, should be fixed as the mininuim price of land of fair average quality in this colony, so as to make the purchase of it profitable for grazing purposes ? — I should say that 2s. 6d. per (71.) i'3 acre NKW 8UUTII W.tLKS. Thomai Itftf, Kty. 9tli JiiiM I M3. no REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW acre would be quite as much m the theep farmer could aflbrd to give for land, if he were SOUTH WALES, confined to his purchaied land ; but I am of opinioit tiuit land of a better description would """ always find ready sale at a price proportioned to iu quality. Thomi u Itil f, Etq. 21. How many acres of land does it take on an average to support one sheep ?— About ■nh June UM2 ''""•* •*"**• ____^__ ' 92. Do you inean selected land, or land of average quality ?— Land of average quality. 23. You ^re an extensive holder of purchased land ? — I am ; I hold upwards of 40,U00 arres of purchased land. 24. \\ ill you state what effect (he change in the minimum price of land has had on the value of your own pro|)erty ? — Its eflt-ct has been to depreciate it so much in value, that it does not now |iay extienses. 25. You have spoken of the diminished means of the settlers to purchase land; do vou not think tluit labour lieing more expensive now the it was five years ago, is the chivf cause of this decrease of means r — It has undoubtedly had some tendency to decrease the settlers' means. 26. You have slated your opinion, lliat the increase of the minimum price of land has f)reveiited capital Iron) iH'ing brought out to the colony ; do you not think that if a loan lad been effected for immigration purposes, at the time such a measure was recommended by the committee, it would have had the effect of retaining in the colony all the money ' that has since been ex|)cnded in the im|)ortation of labourers, and of furnishing the colouisls at the same time with an abundant supply of labour, and thus have enabled them to pay the higher price since demanded for land .' — I cortuinly think that one of the causes of the present depression of the monetary affairs of the colony has been the immense sums M'nt out of the country for the introduction of labour; and I am satisfied, that had a loan been effected, much of the evil would have been prevented; if we could sell our suqiliis stock, as in former years, wv should continue to purchase land, if it was to be obtained at a remunerative price, beyond which no prudent man will embark his capital, either in land or any other commodity. 27. But are you satisfied or prepared to show that the want of a market for your surplus stock is the consequence of the increase in the minimum price of land? — I am siitislie of the comparative sums which liovi- been received by Government under the old and new systems, but I bi'lieve that the present price has caused a very great reduction of the land fundi if iiideeersons to sjKK'ulate in land with a view to j.rofit Ik the aiiiicipan-d rise?— The gen- a\ impiYssiun was that the price of land would !)«• rai»i-4i throughout the colony. 42. Are you not also aware that a very large amount of capital was brought into the (M)loiiy liy till' Kiiglis!i Hutiks at that time, and that that also tended lo induce n|H-culatioii ui land.'— I am, and iliat the introduction of tliat capital afforded increased facilities to parties to raise money. 43. What / HEPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. in 4a, Wliat ii the present state 6f the partin who lo speculated ?— Many of them are new jined SOUTH WALES. 9th June 1842. 44. Do you think that the raising the minimum price of land has had the effect of sustaining the value of your land at what you paid for it, or has it depressed it ?— It has Thomat letly, Etq. diminished the value of my land; I was offered 15». per acre for my land when the minimum price was &»^ but I could not now obtain that sum, although many thousands of pounds have since been expended on the property. 46, Do you not think that it is more probable now, than it wos in 1839, that the minimum price will be raised to SOi.?— I do not think it probable, but should it be so, nothing can be more fatal to the welfare of this country. Friday, lOth June \M^. Lawrence V. D* .iiunty Esq. called in, and examined. 1. In what part of the colony are you settled i* — In the Wellington district 2. As an owner of purchased land, or an occupier under a depasturing licence ? — As an occupier under a depasturing licence. 3. Can you state to the Committee what you suppose to be the extent of t!;e land you occupy ?— I cannot, my stations are so unconnected. 4. Can you say what may be the area of your head station?— About 6,000 atres. 5. What description of stock have you tliere? — Principally sheep, with some few head of cattle. 0. What number of slioep might 6,000 acres be considered generally adequate to keep ? — That depends principally on the seasons, and the description of the land; the seasons latterly have been very bad, but in ordinary seasons 1 might keep with advantage from about 1,800 to '2,000 sheep. 7. With cattle besides ?— The run is scarcely of sufficient extent for depasturing cattle also. 8. Supposing you had a catde station of the same extent, and adapted for cattle or horses, what number could you keep on it? — It would require about 8,000 acres for 1,000 head of cattle. 9. What do you consider ought to be the extent of a cattle station ? — From 8,000 to lO,^^ acres, provided the country was well wate."ed, with a rich description of soil. 10. Would horses take ai great an extent ? — Horses are never kept in the same numbers, and would not consequently require such an extent. 11. Do you consider that the country is pretty nearly as fully occupied as it can be, or is there still room for other stations ? — The occupied country is overstocked; many persons flocks, in consequence, have suffered from being too much confined. Vi. What extent westward is this the ease? — As far as Mount Harris. 13. What number of depasturing licences do you suppose are issued for the country you arc now alluding to? — About 100 licence! are issued for the district of Wellington. 14. Do you venture with much confidence to make improvements at your head station, considering that you have only a yearly licence ? — 1 make only such rude improvements as are absolutely necessary. 15. Would you venture to make what might be considered permanent improvements, such as a house for a respt-ctable family ? — No, I should not. 16. D(H'S this mode ot life engender carelessness, idleness, and uncivilized habits among the iMipulation ? — I think not; the |)eople are geiiernlly industrious, and well-behaved. 1 attribute the regularity amongst them principally to the absence of public-houses, and the circumstance of most of my shepherds l)eing married, and their wives acting as hut-keefwrs, a duty they perform wj-ll. 17. Would you conceive it desirable to improve the condition of your buildings, so as to make them suitanle for more permanent purposes, if you had a longer licence? — 1 should think it very desirahlo. 18. Do you not think it would be desirable if some system were adopted which would secure to the settler the value of any iniprovenieuLs he might make on his station, and warrant the erection of such |iermanent buildings as would induce him to reside there? — I do, and should prolmbly make a residence for myself on my own station, as 1 consider that an alMentee cannot exp»'ct that his projK-rty coulil be so well managed iis if he were on the spot. 19. Would it not be more advantageous to you, to obtain possession of the run itself, for a teruj of years, ihin lo take out an annual licence ? — It would be uuich more advantageous, l)ecaus<> I sliuuld then hold my stations with some degri-e of certainly : my iniproveinents would not l)e wrested from me, and I could carry on my operations with greater advantage, and lni^ht evenlually become the purchaser of the land. '.iO. Sup|M>M' it were iH>ssible to purchase a siimll quantity, sufficient to secure the buildiii)j;s, would you purchase? — I (lo not think 1 should be inclined to do so, unless I could purchase or secure to myself the wholv of my stations ; the one being useless without the other. 21. You at pi-e*ent hold your station under a yearly licence only ; suppose you could obtain a small portion, by purchase, to secure your buildings, wouKl you not do so rather than remain under your present uncertainty? — 1 should rather not purchase at all, than pun'hasc only a small purtion. 22. By purchase it might be more desirable to secure your station, for a certain number •i-e what benefit I should derive from it, except it would give me an L.y.Dalhunlij,hsq. lOth June 1842. of years ? — I do not additional secur<' (71.) to I)OSK'8iilUn. 1*4 23. By lis REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW 23. By enabling you to lav out capiul, would it not be beneficial ?— It would be lo If I i 26. Do you conceive that a plan of that kind miffht induce stockholders to reitide at their stations ? — I think that such a plan might lead settlers to reside on their stations instead of committing them to the charge of overseers. 27. What security do you think you could give to the government that the rent would be |>aid, or what remecly would you give tho government in ease of non|)aynient ?— If n . , party fail to pay, the rent might be levied by distress, and his goods and chattels sold for the amount. 28. Do you think the government ought to insist on a certain sum being laid out in improvements, as o security that the rent would be paid ? — I should think that a respectable person would voluntarily make such improvements as would afford adequate security to the government. 29. Then you do not think that a respectable man would have any objection to Im? required to lay out a moderate sum in improvements, by way of security to government ? — I do not think any respectable man would see a ground of objection to his Deing required to make ' such improvements as would afford security to the government; in fact, to occupy the land with advantage he must of necessity do so. .')0. Would the institution of such a system be beneficial to you even now? — I think it would. 31. What is the utmost sum per annum that a settler could afford to pa^ , to obtain a sertion or 640 acres of land on the f^rms mentiontMl ? — If it were optional with him to select his station in one block, and he were, as {iroi>ose(l, to have a lease of it lor 14 years, I think about 40/. per annum would be at nuirh as a settler could afford to give in the district of Wellington. 32. Do you not conceive it would be a very difficult undeitaking lo fix upon the value of the improvements at the expiration of the 14 years? — A public auction would probably best show their value. nti. Do ycu not think a higher sum than you have mentioned could be aflbrded by indi- viduals? — The district I allude lo, being a grazing country, and not suited to agriculture, I do not think more could be given with reasonable advantage to the occupant. 34. Do you think the land you speak of is fit for any other purpose than grazing ? — I do not think any grain could be grown on it with advantage, owing entirely to the prevalent want of rain ; it is this dryness of the climate, however, which so peculiarly adapts (he district to sheep farming. 3,>. l)o yon sre any prospect of ils ever l)eing fit for any other purpose ? — I ilo not. 30. At the present prices of »heep, wool, and land, what could the settlers aflord to |Mty for licences to occupy land' — In the preiMMit slate of the country, no man could alTurd to give more than he in at present requiretl lo |)ay for his licence and assessment. 37. All you want, llieii, is a tolerable cerlainly of 'occupying it, and that you might acquire, by merely [Mving the rem, and so securing to yourself your run and the iinprove- n)enls ? — A seltler could afford lo [wy rent for his Klulion, in order lo secure his occu|iaii('y, but he could not afford lo buy a', extent of land sufficient for grazing puriioKes. 38. Hut the district you allude lo, being so wi-ll adapted for she«|), though not for agri- ctillure, do you not think, llial obluiniiig the certain uccupntion for 14 years of the exlt'tit of land you have named, besides ihe pcrinanent tenure, if you wislie stock when they hud llie means? — I do not think thnt |M-r<ekkion of ll;e lea-«-ut timl result. OS. Do you think the clip of wool at present (niys for the mnimfieinenl of the sheep? — It depends wholly u|M)ii the ninniigenieni ; with gooti niaiiu<;enit'nt, the «o«il nt its present price woiihl jmy all expensts atteiulunl on sheep fiuniing, but w«mld not pay lor luxuries. (»♦. ir there were a ready market for the surplus, would sheep-fanning be a profitable pursuit? — Certainly; »e only require to get rid of our surplus stock to nuike our business profitable. (i5. 'I'lien do you llunk thiit if there were an abuiiduiit supply of lalmur, cnpitalists would lie induced to invest their money in the purchase of your surplus stock? — Ve>, a continued supply uf labour would certainly be the most efliclunl restorative of the prosperity of the colony. 66. Aie there any unemployed labourers in your district.'' — There are no persons con- stantly out of employment ; as soon as a man is out of one service he can fnid employment in another. 67. To what cause do you principally attribute the non-investment of capital in the pur- chase of slock .■" — Principally to the waiit of labour; the rale of wages I)eiiig still too high to induce capitalists to invest their money in slock. 68. What means would you prouose lo adopt, lo reduce wages to what the sctder could afford to |My? — I would propose that immigration should be carried on to an equal extent with that of the last two years. (71.) Q 69. What I 114 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. L.y.Dalhunlf. tfi]. lOth June 1 8-12. 1-ith June 18-12. u NEW 69. What do you consider has ocrr'sioned the ceaiation of immigration ? — The want of SOUTH WALES, funds. .— i^-^~- TO. To what do you attribute the want of funds ?— Tlie government not having been able (o raise a land fund. 71. To what do you attribute the fact of the government not l>eing able to raise a Innd fund ? — One of the principal reasons is, the price the government have nxed for land being ———— loo high to allow persons to buy it for sheep farming. 78. What effect has the rise in 0-i minimum price of land had on your own property ? — It has had the effect of increasing the rate of wages, and thereby preventing the sale of surplus stock. 73. Then it has depreciated the value of your stock ? — It has. Tuesday, \Mh June \M^. Laurence V. Daliiuntv Esq. recalled, and further examineil. L-f'.Oalhunii/.Esq. I. Have you ever known the price of grniing land and of stock so cheap in the colony as nt this moment? — In the years 1828 and 1829 stock was as cheap or cheaper than it 'u now, owing to the depressed state of the colony during that period. 8. Ilnvc you ever considt-ree lieneficial. 4. Would it not assist mnterially in removing the present difficulties of the settlers? — It would certainly, in some mcosurr, ossist in the removn! of present difficulties. 5. If it were shown to your servants, tlint by persevering in such a system for a few years, they might themselves l)ecome capitalists, do you not thinK they woulil generally prefer that mode of payment to any other ? — I think they are even now anxious to obtain property in this manner. 6. Are you aware of any objections which might lie urged against this system? — There are objections to th^ system ; the principal of which is, the confusion that would ensue were it generally acted on, between the master's stock and that of his servants, which would too often lead to the suspicion tliat the servant hail appropriated his master's stock. 7. Might not a resident master, with due vigilance, guard against that? — Yes, provided the servant's stock was not permitted to increase on his station beyond a certain number. 8. Would you venture to allow your men to possess as many as 100 hmd of cattle; supposing them to he gotiiiible to pay my servants wagvs. 4. What is the state of the market for surfilus stock at the present time? — There is no (k'niniul nt n renuinerating price. 1 have sheep now ready for sale, and which I nu>st sell, but I huve nut yet been uhiu lo obtain an offer for them, althuugh they are butchers meat. 5. Have you fumutl any calciilution cf what the actual consumption of sheep is in the colony, for the purposes ui'foud .•' —1 have not. 6. Is theie any exportation of slieep at the present time to other colonics ? — Not that I am a«nrc of. 7. Do yor.r remarks apply in an equal degree to horned cattle as well as sheep ? — Yes, they do. 8. Will yuu inform tlie Coffimittce to wlutt you attribute th« present depression? — It has principally arisen since the rise in tlie minimum price of land, which Ims placed it beyond the lieorge Cor, f tc/. Il^ili June 184.'. HEPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 115 the power of pnitie* to purcliase land with any piwpect of profitably breeding stock ; and to this circumitance I attribute the depression. 0. At what rate do you think it would answer a newly arrived colonist to purchase land for graaing purposes, supposing wool to remain at 'u present price ?— Before determining this price, it would lie necessary to ascertain tlie price of stock — the one being dependent on the other. Al the present time, it would not answer an old colonist, much less a new comer, to purchase land even at I*, per acre. There is no demand for stock, except amongst the butchers, and they hare screwed down the breeders to the very lowest possible price. 1 he returns from stock are at present so reduced to the grazier that they will produce no profit, but on the contrary, a loss. Breeders ore obliged to kill female stock, and thus the profits arc still further reduced. I have killed this season more than the increase of my female sheep, 10. In your opinion, would it efTt-ct the removal of those difliculties, if the price of land were again reduced ?— I think it wiuild, if it caused speculation in stock, and thus created for us a market for sheep, which at present we have noL 1 1. It would no doubt relieve the present holder of stock, in so for as it would put the purchaser in his position, but would it relieve the colony generally, by the creniion of a permanent demand for the surplus stock ?— I should think it would relieve the colidiy gene- rally, inasmuch as it would increase the annual export of wool, by inducing cupiiaiisfs to come to the colony and invest their capital in sheep. 18. Would not this increase the annual income of the colony, and give the old settlers the means of improving their establishments, and of employing odditional labour ? — If we hid a permanent and fixetl sale for stock, it would enable us to keep more servants, and carry on improvements which we cannot now do. 13. It is very evident that this would follow, if a permanent demand for sheep were created, but the question is, in what manner this change would be brought about by the reduction of the minimum price of land to5«. ?— 1 can only say, I suppose it would be brought about in this way ; capitalists would come if it appeared io be to their udvantoge. 14. What was the state of the colony, with respect to the interests of the gi-iziers, when the minimum price was 5«. ? — The state of the graziers was then prosperous beyond measure. 15. Do you think tliat prosperity wns owing entirely to the minimum price being at 5«.? — I conclude it was to a considerable extent ; it induced parties to purchase stock ; they felt that they could aflord to purchase; and the sale of the stock of the old settlers enabled them to purcliase land from the government, and thus increase the fund for the importation of labour, which to a young colony is most valuable if it can be employed. 16. Did not that enable and induce the old settlers to give a price for land far beyond 5s. per acre? — In some instances old settlers would give a higher price for land in particular situations rather tliiin lose it, although they might feel assured that they were giving more than the actual value of that spot of land. I myself was induced to give as much as 13«. per acre, which I knew was much more than the land was worth ; but I was unwilling that any other party should purchase it. 17. Vou think then, that the minimum price of 12d. per acre is beyond the present value of grazing land, and that this causes the newly arrived immigrant to hesitate as to the outlay of his capital in live stock ? — I am quite sure it is ; the old settlers themselves could not afford to give 12«. per acre for grazing land, and the newly arrived immigrant, perceiving this, refrains from tlie purchase of eitiier land or stock, and puts out his capital at interest, as affording the most certain return. 18. Hiis not this the eflcct then of leaving the unsold land in the occupation of the old liettlers without purchase ? — It has, to a trifling extent ; the unsold lands, adjoining the old settlers' purchased lands, are left for his benefit. He is not interfered with in any way, while he refrains from establishing stations on them. H). So far then tiie raising the ininiinuin price is an advantage to the old settlers? — So far it is, because no one will purchase at the inrreasod rate; but this advantage is more than counierbolunci'd by its having prevented the purchase of such. 80. Can the old settler, under the existing depressed circumstances of the colony, avail himself of that advantage? — He cannot avail himstlf of it in the present extremely depressed state of the colony, and for this reason ; finding he bus no sale for his stock at a remunerating price, iic coniiot aflord to hire servants to look lifter an increased number of sheep, and even if he rould, he would not be able to sell ony portion of that increased number ; therefore waste lands within the boundaries are almost valueless to him in the present circumstances of the colon V. 81. Was there more land sold at St. per acre than is actually occupied for grazing pur- |>oses ; that i-s is thtre any lund purchased at lliot price now lying waste? — 1 do not know of any purchased land in my district which is unoccupied, and I know of none which is allowt'il to lie waste ; I have not enough of land for my stoci,. 22. Is thut the case generally with the settlers, even the I irge purclmsei's of land ?— I do not think there is an individual in the colony who has purchased land enough to graze bis stock uiKin. 83. If y«)u had a market for your surplus stock, would you purchiise land at the present iirice ? — If I hod sale for my surplus stock, and lund was at a reasonably remunerating price, shoultl purchase every year. 24. Are you a purchaser to a considerable exten: at present? — I have [.urchased about 16,000 acres. 85. I* that land fit for any other purpose than grazing?— Some is, but generally speaking it if only suited for grazing. (71.) Q 2 20. What NEW SOUTH WALES. Oeorge Cox, Esq. Hilli June 1842. IIA REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. u CfCTgt f'ui, tUi]. I61I1 June lS4'i. NEW 26. What proportion of it may be fit for agricultural purpoan ? — I can hardly tay ; a SOUTH WALES, great deal might be fit for agriculture, but Trom want of a market for the produce, or its '—— — givat distance from a market, it would be of no uie to put it under cultivation. 87. Doe* the climate in the district you allude to admit of agricultural pursuits ?— I think the climate is favournble to the growth of wheat ; we suffer from drought, but the crops are heavy, and the wheat keepa well ; we have found that it has kept for two yean |>erfectly well. S8. Do yon consider the value of your land depreciated lately, as well as your stock ?•— Ill the present depreswd state of the colony, I do not think that there would be a purchaser for grating land at all, if it was put up in any quantity. 29. To what do you attribute this depreciation in the value of your lond ? — 1 attribute it to the minimum price of land being raised by government to more than the real value of the land. SO. Then you do not think the keeiiing up the government minimum price of land haa had the effect of keeping up the value of land generally in tlie colony ? — I think not, but rattier the reverse ; it certainly appears that ever since the raising of the minimum price l>y government, the sole of land for grazing purposes Ims come to an end. ' 31. Do you include the land at Iwt I'hillip m your observations? — I speak in referen.j only to Innils in this part of the colony, and such as are required for graiing purposes, not to landit in the district of Fort Phillip. 32. The value of your property then generally has depreciated, and ^ou are thereby deprived of that means of engaging labour, which you have been in the habit of employing ? — Such is the case; and I nm re>lucing my establishment everyday, and must continue to do so. I hnve nut the means of t):iying the wages of the servants at present employed on my establishment. 33. Do you think the general distress now prevailing will cause a reduction of wages? — It must cause a reduction of wages; we cannot afford to employ our present number of hands at the present rate of wagco, and therefore wc must discbarge our servants, unless woges come (Uiwn. S-V. Do you not think the present low price of stock affords an excellent opportunity for cnpitnlists to invest their money ? — I have been much surpriscti that capitalists have not invested capital in stock, as they could not fail to derive a large profit from purchases made at the very low and ruinous rate to the seller for which stock may at present be obtaineil. 1 Thitrsdai/, IfUh June 18*2. Henry CBrien Esq., J. P., called in, and examined. 1. Ark you in the occupation of a large extent of government land beyond the boun* daries of location ? — I am. 2. Can you state the number of sheep or cattle which you generally have on such land ? — I have at present, I think, about 12,()00 sheep; I have no cattle under my own manage, ment on the government lands. 3. What extent of land do you occupy in that way ? — From about SiO,000 to 85,000 acres ; I am not certain as to the exact quantity. 4. Do you consider that the uncertain tenure of such land cxpoaes the occupier to any disadvantages, in the event of any change of system on the part of government, tending to cut up his land ? — Not under the present state of the colony; but by a change of system on the iMrt of the government, at a time when sales could Ue effected to a great extent, stockholders might be subjected to very ruinous consequence*. 5. Would you upon any fair and monid witii ciise by the purchaser, liy annual instalments during the lease. 8. C'an you make any calculation us to what it would t>c worth while paying annually, (luiiiig the It years, to secure the occupatlun of the whole run, and the lev simple of the lienil stntinn ' — I should say that the present minimum price of I2»'. per acre could lie piiiil with advantage. The land to lie occupied with each section so purchascil, I siip|>ose to Ih- sufiicieiu to snp|)i>rt 10,000 sheep in all seasons making allowance, of course, for the ^real pr(i{)ortioii of perfectly useless land annexed to the graxing grounds now occupied l>y stiM'kJKilders throughout the colony ; some parts being so from their utter worthlvssiiess, uihI others from either the total or occasional absence of water. 0. Do you think such a plan would encourage parties to embark capital in stiKk and sheep liirmin^;, and so bring about a demand, whieli does not exist at present, for your surplus sliick ? — 1 think it would induce imrtie* to invest their capital in that way, and thus of course create a demand for stock ; I feel |>ersuuded that even under presi'nt circum- stances lurge sums would be invested in stock, but for the high rate of interest allowed on dc|XMiu in the colonial banks which, if withheld, wguld at once induce investment to a large //. O'Brien, Etij. Kllh June I^«•I2. REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. IIT !it(>ck niul lor your wuv, aiul nt circmn- lluM'tt) un nieiU to ■ large Urge amount in itock, to the great benefit ofonr banking companie* thenMelTca, ai well as of all other claiaet. 10. Can yon form any opinion at to whether ihii would be as .cat an inducement to penont to invest their capital in sheep farming, m a general reduction in the price of land would be if— 1 think it would be a greater inducement than a reduction in the minimum frice of land. E»en if the price of land were reduced to the lowest passible amount, do not think persons could afford to purchase it, ns their capital would be much more advantageously invested in the pnrchaso of stock, and few have the means to invest in both stock and land to any great rxtent. 11. IXjcs it appear to you, if permns had such an occupation of these lands os would enable them to derive a profit from them, thnt they would be disposed to become purchasers of land 'f — I think it would be a very naturni consequence. 12. If it should be prodc.ctive of a dimnnd for lond in that way, would it not advance the value of landed property generally ? — I think it would certainly have that tendency, both within and without the boundaric!) of locution. IS. Does your ex|>erirnce satisfy you that the lnnde<] interest is at this moment in a very depressetl state, aiid that it rr(|uire!i some such measure a' thot alluded to to relieve it ? — I do not think that it hos ever been so much deprcs<«tl as at :!ic present time, or so much "n want of support. 14. What practical measure can you suggest to relieve that distress? — The only measure I can recommend is a loan, which, however, I fcor is beyond the reach of the government. 15. To what purpose would you propose thnt thnt loan should be applied ?— I would propose that it should be lent in sums tu individuals, on mortgage, for three years, at liank mterest. I«. If the government had a large sum of money to lend to persons wishing to mortgage their lands, do you think it would have o l)eneficial eflVcl? — I certainly think it would. 17. Would the Iwrrowing of money in that way have any efTect in increasing general profits i'— I sliould think so ; there are many persons who, if they had the present means of carrying on their operations, must eventually make profits. 18. To what causes do you attribute the present unexampled depression of the grazing and landetl interests of the colony? — The want of a market for the surplus sheep anif cattle, the high rate of wages paid for labour, and the low prices obtained for wool both in the colonial and English markets during the past three years. 19. Can you explain how it arises, that whilst there is no market for surplus stock, the import of provisions from foreign countries should be so great ? — I should imagine that it is the result of speculation from foreign marke's. 80. Can you suggest any means of creating a market for surplus stock ? — Not any. 81. Would not the arrival of men of capital, as formerly, be likely to revive the demand ? — It might, and most assure. Do you finil the value of thut land deprecinteq. 16th June \»Vi. lit REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. //, (TflriiH, /.if/, Kilh June 184,2. SEW 3^- Would that not hove teiulctl in a great measura to relieve tlie colony from iu preiciit SOUTH WALES, slate of denrcMiim ?—C'crtiiinly. 8A. If tncrc waa a mIc fur the iiirnliii .:ock, wouUI not tlierc lie coniltlerable proAti to the alircphoidrr in this colony, sup|)oiiin(( ihut the price of the wool would .over all the i-xpensci nttrndnrt npii >liecp furniing? — Mont auurcdiy ; and at no lime within my reoollcciiun has ill -re been a more favourable opportunity than the present, owing to the low price of stock, for persons of capital to invest money in slock with a certainty of rculizing large profits. :)fl. So fur A% the price of stock is concerned, do you not consider the presi nt a very favoiirnblu opportunity for newly arrived capitalist* to invest money in the colony ? — At lilt- prrM'iit low price of slock, I know ot no more certain source of proflt than the itivesl.'neiil of capital in slock. Some years ago stock was very high, and persons newly nrrived purchaiielances which, in your opinion, coiitribuletl to that pros|H-rily f — Yes, we had n large influx of immigrants at that time, which considerably reiluced ihe price of Inliour ; wool brought a high price both in England and in the colony ; and ilic government Uxik al)uul ."iOO tons of uilicd meat from llie settlers annually, lor some years, but do not do so now, owing lo the diminikhed numbers of convicts whom they have to provide for. 4U. Did not this enable tht old settlers to purchase lands in the neighlmurhond of their cstablishmciitis and to give a much higher price than 5«. per acre lor them? — It did in many instances; I have known so much as 17«. «er acre to have been piiid for crown lands put up for sale at the then minimum price of 5f. ; indetxl, crown lands would, in my opinion, bring their real value in nine cases out of ten, even if put up for sale at the low price of Is. per acre; whilst few, if any, bidders have been found since the price has been rnisetl lo I2«. 'il. You have already slated that (he colony was in a pros|)erous stale when the minimum price of land was &«. ; — what do you think would have been the state of the colony now, if ihnt price had remained unchangetl ? — If |)erson8 of capital would have been induced to come out, and purchase land at bi., the circumstance of its having been raised to 12«. must have materially injure«l the colony, by having prevented the investment not only of English but colonial funds in the purchase of crown lands, the intrinsic value of which, taking them as a whole, is most assuredly not more than three shillings, owing to the utter worthlessness of a great portion of them, and the total or occasional absence of water in sonic otherwise desirable portions. 42. In what way cnt niininiuin price f — I think so, with a credit of 14 years, or SI years ill ciisc of the purclmiie of 4 sections, wliicii I think would be still more desirable ; — the purclin.se-money to lie paid by instalments within those |)eriods. 40. Do you think it would In; judicious lo bind up S0,0<)0 acres for 14 yens, for the sake of selling a single section of that properly ? — I think not ; the settler should have liberty to extend his purchiue l>cyond the one section, and in case of a purchase of four sections, the lime shouUI l)e exieiuied from 14 lo 21 years. 47. .\re you nwnrc that it is intended that the land shall lie put up lo auction at the expira- tion of lly 14 years, paying lo ihe occupier the then value of the imi>ruvements he may have made, taking llirm at the estimated value of the day ? — I have heard that such was intended. Wednesday, Qid June ISi'J. CiEORGE M'Leay Es<|., of Brownlow Hill, called in, and examined. 1. You ore a goixl deal concerned in agriculture and in sheep farming? — I am. 2. Can you inform the Committee wlial may be tlic present stale of those interests ? — With resptct to sheep farming, nothing can In; in a more depre*se('TII WALB8. gancral tugnatioii in all brming occupatloiM iiiducM ihem to licrp ihcir money invaaird in • olhar war*. IT. ImIm gtnaral proAu of the colony are not incrcatinKt you iM>t conaitler the preaen* a favourable opportunity for invealing money in ngricultural and paatoral ounuita ? — I'hu- would be the very beat time to purchate aluck of all kinds, on account of their exlrrnii'ly low price. Wiih respect to agriculture, my belief ia, that it will ruin all tlioae wIm) emliark in it, unleat aome check is given to the importation of ft>reigii grain. 80. Has it ever occurred to you, that by an alteration or improvement in the system of location beyoitd the boundarirs, a greater inducement would be heltl out to persona to go there, and lo create a market fur »tock ? — In llie present state of the markets, I do not conceive lluit any greater number could Im induced to locate themselves beyond the boundaries ; the present niininuim price of land makes (hose so located feel at secure in the runs they occupy, as if they uosseitrd leases of tl>em ; but ihcre can be no doubt when the very gieat importance of the wool grown beyond the said lo be uf a certain value ; these lands, together with lliv extensive dittricts beyond the nonlirrn and southern limits, wuuld, I think, afford aiiiple si-cuiiiy. 'Hie value uf lliesv lands, 1 wuuld beg to observe, would be enh.inced tenfuld nt least, if convict labour were lu be cinployeil in laying them open by roadii, and toriniiig iiiw lines of cumniunication wiili the coast. Indeed, in my opinion, upon the continuance uf this species uf labour, for such purposes, dependt, in a very great measure, the prosfieriiy uf the coluiiy. 26. CuulJ you suggest any menus by wliicli the present general depresaion might be relieved? — I think if die price uf land were reduced, lliat in due time there would be u reaction. 87. How would that reaction be brought about ?— It it natural fur every one to wish to puasess liF.I'OUTS IIELATINO TO EMIGRATION. Itl "•, my to the ptiOMi Innil, whicli it aOer nil the only uife Anil true |>r(>pei-ty. Tlicra are many in llie nrw colony, I linve rra»on Id JKlivvc, ri-ncly to iiiirchuMi whenever liinil ihnll be put up at ii fiiir SOUill WALKS, price ; havinK land, they will piiicliiiiie nioek ; nnil whenever there ii nny true value niwiRn- ______ able to liock, in»tca«l ol in pnnent noniinni voiue, confidence will return, aiul by degreen g. M'Uuj/, IU'i. tiling will flow on in n ni«ire liivoiiridilu thnnml ; with the knowledge of an improvrnieni — in our nfl'iiir*, and of the price of liuul .'mving k-rn reduced, inimigrunt» of cnpilnl wouhl iii\ J\m» \HU, ngain fluck to our iihores and givr nt'W inipnliu In llie progreuion. 8H. UnlcM a iM-tler nmrkrt were provided limn nt prenent, would thoie purchoM-H of land and it(Kk JK-iietii tho purchmtem i*— Certainly not for nny grent length of lime; but I think that there in n pr»»p«'ct of n niarkit king foinid — ot nny riitc it will Ixi Miught — I mrnn for our k-ef, which, if ixporicil, as I taid before, will leave n ktter market for our mutton. 8tt. 1)«) you not thitik it might lie xtill more advBntageou* if, by niianii of lenie*, perwiiis were ennble«l to Mltle without purcluisi! of land, nixl »o have iheir money for the purchana of Mtock? — There can \n> no doulit of it; intlead of going at once into the treasury, the cnpilnl IntriNluced «( ,ild lie put into the handa uf the stockholder, and tliui creute a whole- ionie circulutioii; tiliimatdy it would be Kpint in land, no doubt, 30. WiMiM you obtain by such nieani a permanent clasii of settlem? — I think I may nay ihot such a clusH of Hctllcru would be oiitaineil, provided kucIi leawii were for u in-riixl not leM than 10 yenn, nnd the lessees had a pros|)ect of being entitled nt the eiul ot thitt lime lo a right of pre-emption, or of king indeunnfied by the purchnscr of the lands lensied for their impruvemeiitf. U'eiliicsdtij/, '12(1 June ISiQ. , RoDEHT Scott Rsq., ofCilrndon, called in, nnd examined. I. You have Inren more than once examined befi.fe the Immigration Committee? — Yes, Robert ScoU, Kc/. either twice or thrice. — — 8, I.nst yeor wnn one of these iiccnsions? — It was. 2'Jil .lane 18t'2. 8. NN'ith reference to the evidence tlieii given bv you, will you have the goose(pient experience has confirmed the opinions you then expressed, or whether they have undergoiU' nny change, and if so, in tvliat particiilnrs? — I think my opinions are the same now as then. In many [xiints tiny have been strongly confirinetl, partictilarly res|»ecting the " .Spialtinfj Act." I ani, however, able lo hire as mnny servants now ns I picnv ; then I could not; lint the immigrants have not been of so good a descrii>- lion ns they ought to liavo been, considering the cost of llitir introduction, and that the money was supplied by thi.'i colony. Indeed, if the parochial authorities, or others in England, had sent out kucli people as they were desiioiis of getting rid of, I think we could not have ken worse supplied, as t<> the class of persons, than we have lately tiecn. I do not think we couUl have a worse description of people than the immigrants sent us recently. 4. Why did not those who desired n lietter description of immigrants nvuil themselves of the stervices of their friends in iMigland, to select l(>r them such as tliey required? — 1 will nnswer that personally. I sent to an old friend of mine at Ilighiiin Ferrers, the clergyman of the parish, nnd he engngitl for me 20 persons, after considerable trouble ; but when the day for starting arrived only one lad would coiisi'iit to come out. Another rensoii is, bccnusc the servants, if goml, are very soon inveigled away by one's iieiglilMinrs ; niul the lakinr and exiM'iisc of intriMliieiiig them are thus lost to tlic importer for ihe benefit of some wurtliless iierson ; nnd again, tiie indeiitiins uiuler which seiv mts must be introduced are not sufli- ciently defined or recognized by the law. .'». If there k' no |vissibility, even with such care and diligence, to obtain a better class of iRMiple, what then is our remedy { — llenioviiig the ignorance nt picseiit existing in Kngland with refe: : "ce lo the col(>iiy ; the persons to whom I lu've nlliuhil as refusing to come out, said that they t.ould have no objeclion i.i follow if the lad would send home good acconnis of the couutrv. I havi- writii'ii lo ollm Ineiuls in Kngland, and they have experienceil the 8;»me difficulty, in inducing good pe sent depression ? — Ccrlainly ; we are now sufTcring from that cause ; the high rale of wages running away with all proflls, no man would enter into pastoral pursuits, ami in consequence there has lirrn no sale for our surplus stock. This has, as a natural conaequenoe, dete« riorated the price of land ; as the leas the produce ilerivenK it may last i th«M three arc the main points frinn which rrturiilii|( prutperitv it to be luolicd for; with labour at n moderate rate, and a tteativ lupjply ol it, we could ruin many article* for oursclvae, which arc now itnpi>n«d, to ilie viiluo ot hunilreiU of thouuiidi of pouiidi yearly. ■4. Widi reference to the present deprewml price of land and stock, ilo you not consider this a favourable op|Mirlunity fur invntinff monrv in agricultural and |Witorul pursuiu?— I could not answer thnt qu<-«ti(in, unlens I could foresee the future s the prices of stock are now far lirlow their real vhIuc ; if lalmur could Ite had at a reasonable rate, then it would i but on tlia contrary, it' litb«>ur lieconic* dearer than it now is, pastoral pursuiu must be destroyed. In eitlu-r case, Hlock raiuioi noMiblv be profitably depastured on b«)Uglit lands, at tlw exorbitant price of tlic day ; indeed ilieold rate is too high, unless a return to the high prices of itock coiilil nlM> Im- eii«ureest brrcds. 80. II the price of lalNuir were (o fall, would not that probably create a new demand for Itock, ti'iiditig to ninkr it riinipnralivvly profiluble ? — The moment ihut luliour fell to such iin exii'iii, that care of slock would |My, many pi'rsomi would undoubtedly engage in that pursuit. 87. What are the ingreilients that enter iiiln the expense of keeping slock?— Cost of provikioiiv, the exiM-nst: ul' bringing catile to markil, and the price of labour; the risk of loss by ilnniglit uImi haii great weight. 8H. In tliore not iiiiotlicr material ingredient, the price of land ? — Certainly, this is an eaacntiiil ingredient in the maintenance of ntock ; but 1 do not think that any stock, except the mrluiiily might In: allunlcd him to do MS and he hud the inraiiN of paying fur it ; and that tlio !.alvs uf land within the btninilariet would nut lie alftTted by Nuch ndviint.iges lieiiig allowed to 9<|uutlers ; I myself wouhl purchase land of no value to any bo»ly elso, in order to make I'ly rstote complete. 33. VKi yuu a.vMime that the )>iHii pro|K>K-(l would invulvu permission IVum the Oovern- nicnt lu piircliane land U-yoiid the boumluriet?— Yos; I would prespnt every inducement, and alhml every llicilily tu the purchase of land; the squatters should have the power to buy whenever lliry clioiwe and nre able, but at auction, that the pulilic may have die fair value, ami the Miiiatti'is would then pay their fair quota to the labour fund. Si. You think, tlion, if people had [HTinanent »ecurity of land beyond the lioundaries, that it would nut alVect the sale uf land within the boundaries/ — I think that squatters generally wuuUI do what I myself have tloiie ; from my profits made by feeding over unoccupied land free ul' exjKiise, I have yearly laid uut the money so mode in the purchase of land, and thus added tu my estate, and relurneil to the public what I odierwise should have been wholly iiiiiiblo lo do. 35. You have an up|Hirtuiiity of doing so now; why do you not do so? — Because the price now fixeil by the (iovernment is far too high. 36. Is it not probable that this laud would si II to other parlies at the present price, within a reosoiialile time?— I do not think it would sell to any person, even at 5». an acre, as I have picked all the good land out of that lo which I refer at that price, and very dear it has l)een ; for when 1 bought it, it was under the distinct understanding that with the land I liouglit lul)Oiir also. 37. Do you nut obtain an advantage, then, by the price being fixed beyond what could (71.) U 2 ^ NEW SOUTH tVALE.<<. Hohtil Scot I, I I'j, 3'id June IHI.'. \u REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW SOITII WALE* HvbrrI SoHl, f.v/. '.'2il June \Si'2. M. II. ilar.h, i..v. 3(Uli JiiU ls-12. (k! given by o()icr pnnirs, inn.iniiicli m yoii ore tliereby secured in tlie ponenion of tlie land without purclinso? — Under llieM- circumitlances I undoubtedly do obtain on advantage, Ixiing fierured without purchiiM: ; unoctiipit'd hinds arc ol\cn benencinl to an individual, but at thu i'X()ensc of the connuuiiity ; and thiit privute benefit is very precarious, from the liability to intrusion iVoui nny quiirter. 38. You arc nwnrc thnt a nieo.surc for rnisiii); n lonii in England, for the purpose of obtniniiii; funds for the introthiciion of lal>our into the colony, hiis been under the consider- ation of the committee for a numlicr of years post ? — 1 am. 39. I)o you amsider such n nicii-Miro advisable? — I look upon it as indispensable, tliough I cunnnt but regard it in some measure lus an evil. 10. Why is it indi!*p«'nsttble ? — Hecnuse I think labour will be scarcer, and consequently .'It a higher rate, during the present year, than ut any formei pericnl, unless immigration is c'ontiiuiiHl ; immigration iK'iiig iiulis|KMisable, I consider n loan also indispensable, an it is inipossii)le to l(«ik for any fund from the sale of Crown hinds. I look forward with liope to the scliemc of n general system of emigration mooted in England ; this will be our pre- servation ; I coiLsidcr thnt a great change must take place in tlic management of properly ill the colony ; stockholders will no longer be iiblo to carry on the extensive operations which they have hitherto done; their large establishments must be split into small stations. 41. As the hind fiMid is destroycil, u|x>n what security is the loan to lie raised ? — The land, and not the fund, will lie the proper security for the loan ; but it is to be hoped that the land fund will lie revived when we understand the subject belter. 42. lias not the system of paying immediately in cosh to the British merchant for the introduction of irMiiigrants t>een attended with great disadvantage to the colony, by the rapid absiinctioii of so large an amount of capital ? — No doubt ; but even that is a less evil than the want of lalionr, which, but for the expenditure of that capital, would have existetl. 4;). liad that capital remained in the colony, is it not probable that there would have been a demand for the surplus stock ? — The evil would not have been so great, but the keeping of the fpiids here would not have ultogethcr preventeil the evil, 44. Are you aware that during the last tour years 800,(M)0/. have been exi)ended on iniinigrntion, and that a great portion of the laUmr intriMluced has been •.:;■..-.•. .;ilobIe ? — I am (.ware that that sum ha^ been expended, and that a large portion of the lulwur > liroiluced has not lK>en immediately available, because of the great number of women and children ; and, with rare exceptions the women will not ilo any field-work. 4j. Must there not l>e a great ditTerence, as to amount, lictween a land fund sufficient to provide security for n loan, principal ami interest, and a land fund which should be sufficient, />cr u, lo boar the entire ex}>cii«'S of immigration f — .\ very great difference. 4(i. May it not lie possible to provide a land fund sufficient for the former purpose, .'illhough it may be impracticable to raise the latter amount? — I look forward to the laiul fund tx-iiig ag.iin raised to sometiiing like what it has been in former years. 47. IX> you think then, that the land fund may be reliinl on as the means of paying principal aiul interest on such a sum as it might be thought advisable lo raise by way of loan, to be eX|K'ndi'd in the introdiietioii uf hiliour ? — I question whether it would be lieneficiiil to ('X|K>nd the land fund, liecausc 1 think that tlie demand fur labour will so increase us pros|K'rity returns, that it will lie our interest lo lay out the entire !i»nd fund ui the iiitro«luction of labour, and to leave the debt standing. Indeed I nm dis|>osctl to think that no land should be virlu.illy sold, but only the quit-rent, so lh.it the Government would have a perpetual revenue from this source, and be unable to touch the principal. IH. Does not all that has now Ih-cii saiil turn iqion the ex|K'clution that there will be n profitable market created to the settler ?— Certainly, all must depend upon a profitable employment of the settler's capita!, which cannot exist without the creation of markets fur his produce. llWncsdai/, v'U/// Julj/ 181-2. Mattiii^w Henry .Mar-s!! E.^., of New England, called in, and examined. 1. The Committee uii.ieisland that you are engageil in sheep-farming in this colony ?— I am s.1 engaged, lieyoiid the boundaries ol location. 2. How lung have you Ikh-ji so engageil .' — For nearly two years. .'). in what district .'' — In New England. 4. lluve you exjx^rienceil any dilliculty in carrying on your operations, from want of lalKiiir, or otherwise ? — When first I aimnienciil niv o(M'ralions I ex|)erience, according to agreement, lo tho»e who Uhave well, which 1 find promotes giKMl eonducl. 5. What do you nmsidor the total cx|H'nsc of a shepherd at this time ? — 1 give generally 25/. a year .iiid rations, and .")/. i xira lo men who behave Wfil, besideji presenis ut the lamb- ing season uiiil on other occasions. The rations which I give consist ol ten |iuuuds meat, ten |MiKnout one man per aimum, besides a horse at the mill. 'i"he wear and tear of the lioise, mill, Kv., must be taken into consideration. I am now building a windmill to grind fur others as well as n)yself, which I calculate, when completed, will save tlin labour of about twenty men in the district. 7. Since you have resiiled in the tlistrict you speak of, have the seast)ns been such as to enable you to grow wheat, and do you intend to continue the growth of wheat ? — With proper manigement a crop of wheat woiilil never fail ; I have had this year five different crops sown at different times, and all succeedeil ; Jiere was ubideration of the large outlay upon buildings which it ii necessary to make, and also the ex|)ense and risk of riuining stock to a new station. I have a station, the buildings on which cost my predecessors and myself near 1,000/. 11. Were those buildings so essential to the welfare of your station, as to induce you to Jay out so large a sum on their erection ? — I do not say that so large an outlay would be absolutely necessin-y. The buildings of whieb I speak could have been built good enough to answer the purpose for 600/. or 700/. 18. Then you would be satisfied if you had such a tenure of your station, as to length of time, OS would enable you to retrieve this outlay ?— .\ great many things are to be considered Iwsides this outlay ; it would be more advantageous lor a man to give 800/. for a station, for 7,000 sheep, already formed, than to connnencc a station liimsilf; he would save a very great expense and risk of catching >cngst the whole 15,000, in consumption of mutton and deaths, inny bt^ put nt 70 per cent., or in round numbers, 5,000 ; but one-half of this increase must be wrthers, which being u necessary article of consumption, and not the subject of speculation, are not liable to so great a \enses is less, in the former instance the squatter's own personal laUiur ond exertions will be proportionobly more. The calculations ore also wholly iniipplicalile to a sheep farmer who has not ample room on his runs ; where he is in the sligliifsl degree he«lgeheep cannot be in such good condition, and consequently his wool and iiiciease will Ik" less; and in both instances fo a degree of which no one who has not ^ei■tl the fiital eifecls of overstocking can have the slightest c«-nception ; 1 am convinced that the indigenous grasses, with fair treatment, do not deteriorate in quantity and quality; but when a run has once been overstocketl, and the grasses pulletl up by the roots by the sheep, it is impossible to su; how long it may lie Ijeliire the country can rcct>ver, as in this climate, where once vegetation has been entirely stoppetl by trampling down, or otheiwis*-, it ap[K-ars that an almost indefinite time is required before grass will grow there again, when the ground is bare, ond open to the drtnight and the {Niwerful action of the sun's rays. IH. At «hnl distance arc your stations fi-om the port whence you ship your wool ? — At present one is 250 miles, another 35 miles farther ; but the new road will reduce the diMance lon miles; I have another station on the edge of the table land, near Darling Downs which is aliout 120 miles from the navigation o» the Itrisbaiie. lU. Will that road proportionately lower the x[>ense of tiansiti' — It may reduce it by aUiut Ml. or 60/. per annum ; not more. 20. !Sup|Hisc you had a Ix-tter tenure of your land than you at present enjoy, or a right of ciwoersliip by purchasing a small quantity, would that assist ypect to water frontage, fiC, would be enforced in the case of these lands as well as of those within the lioundaries ? — The case would then be materially altered ; if the purchase cannot lie less than one section, and both sides of the water frontage cannot be occupied, no pei*son could afford to pay 1 2». an acre ; the price should not in this case l)e more than 6«.; the occupancy of both banks of the water is not so much for the sake of the run the water commaiuis as for convenience in other respects ; the most suitable sites fi>r the buildings of a station nie in places where the streams closely approach the liasis of the hills, and the ground sloping from them affords a dry and shelteretl position ; in cases where such a choice is made, the buildings must of necessity be on one sitle of tlie river; the best place for cultivation is on the flat below, on the other side of the water ; this is almost invariably the ciue at every station already formed. 37. Would they be called water frontages, according to the colonial custom ? — I imagine that they would. 88. WImt nuinl)er of stations do you consider to exist in the tract of country of which you hn'c Iwen s[H;aking ? — Theie ore about 60 stations, exclusive of those on Darling Downs. 39. The iUturiis furnished by the Commissioners of Crown Lands show 76 stations in New '.•>,-;!and ; as you say there are about f 3, how do you account for the difference ?— I suppose thini to be on Darling Downs, which are at present under the same '.^mmiv siotier. 40. Is the character of the country on the Darling Downs equally as good as that, of which you have laeii speaking ?— There is a very great difference ; the Downs, 1 believe, are not at all suited for agriculture ; the crops of wlieat aiul maize have failed there this vear; I have seen only one station niyself, but 1 believe the generol character of the country ■ (71.) 11 4 " \n REPORTS K ELATING TO EMIGRATION. ! NEW is similar to llmt poi lien of it which I hnve v-sited, niul th is not suitetl to ngriiMiIinro ; >OUTII U' ALES, the posture is, I ihinl<, sujjcrior to that of New Knghuul, if the country is not suhject to — — ^— — droughts. MU.!UaT»h. K»v. 41. Could supplies for the Darling Downs Ik: obtniiicd from the tnhle-land without Tiuch difficulty ? — I think llioy andd, from some portion of it ; hi.c this could only be to a very 20th .>ul> 1842. slight extent, and to a very short disloncr, the carriage being so great, and drays having lo l)c sent empty on puri^wc ; whereas, if the S(|ualters on the Downs obtained their flour from the coast, their return wool drays would, [Krlmps, be able to bring back tlieir supplies of flour. • 4U. Do the Downs lie in a lower elevation? — Yes, from fiOO lo 1,000 feet below the actual fall of the tnlile-land. 13. Suppose ihe plan of ihc purchase of n section were corrie. You do not think, then, that the tendency of that measure would he to unduly pro- mote hilxiurers becoming themselves employers of labour':' — Decidedly not ; it would liuve no such elTect. 46. I'nder present circumstances, what prospect has a lalmuring man of rising to the condition of on independent Innd-owner? — Any industrious nion of decent habits caiuiot foil to save money. Most «if my men ore p. 41 to any extent, the flock-mnstcrs must Ix; men of capital .■* — Decidedly; the (looting expenses an- so very large. I must now myself provide for ex)HMises up lo .Mi.rch IH4S, and have not yet received the account sides of the whole of my wool (and conse4|uenily not the full v.iliie of it) of the clip of 1840. To carry on shee|>-liirming it would Im- necessary lo have a (loafing capital e. That slaie of things will l)e lessencil when ihe distance from the shipping }x>rls is shorieneil ? — Shghtly .so ; hut e»'en sup|H)sing the settler to receive immediate payment for his wiK)l, he wouhl have liecn obliged lo procure supplies for his station during the previous year in ad'.iince; it is of the greatest cun^eijueiice to a s(|ualter not to be ni debt in his agent's iKKiks; I know instances where parliis having lo pay interest on liorrowetl floating capit.il, are on the very verge of ruin, while their immediate neighbours, under circum- sianets otherwise the same, but having prnilenily reserved sufficient money for floating c.H|iiliil, are thriving. :t\. I hen you think it more .iilvisoble, in commencing sheep farming, that the tetller should not ex|KMul the whole of his capital in stock, but keep a portion to meet expenses? — Deci»Ieoiir in your district ? — Not at present ; I do not wish to see wages reduced much more if the men are good. 58. Are there many convicts in your district /—-Very few. 59. Have you observed any change in the character of the people in consequence ? — I consider that the character of the people has been most decidedly improved; ticket-of-leave holders and expirees now no longer boast of having been transported to the country, as tliey were in the habit of doing some time ago, but wish to be classed among the immigrants. 60. How many sheep do you keep in a flock? — Up to 1,500. 61. Do you find that answer well ? — I do. Thursday, Qlst July 1842. ^ v ^ Evan Mackenzie Esq., of Moreton Bay, called in, and examined. 1. THE Committee understand you are an occupier of land for pasturage beyond the E. Mackemie, Esq. boundaries ? — I am. . ^ , — 2. In whot district ?— In Moreton Bay. ' 2l«tJulyi84v\ 3. At what distance from Brisbane Town are you settled ? — About from 60 to 70 — ^— — miles. 4. Have you easy comntunicition for your produce? — Yes; I iiave two roads. 5. Where do you ship your produce; is there no other port nearer to you at which produce might be shipped? — At Brisbane Town; 1 could ship at Limestone (in a punt) which is higher up the river ; but it would not be nearer for me ; there is a sufficient draft of water from Brisbane Town to Limestone, but there are some rocks in the river, which will require to be blasted. 6. Can you at all calculate what extent of ground you occupy for grazing purposes? —I have no accurate idea of the extent ; my neighbours are my limits at present ; the limits are determined by a ridge on three sides, and by an impassable mountain at the iMck. 7. Could you not form any computation as to the extent ? — I think about eight miles square. H. Is the soil very suitable for pastoral purposes? — Portions of it are so. U. But is it adapted for sheep or cattle?— tor both ; but perhaps the nearer the coast the betler for cattle. 10. What is the general size of your flocks?— What are called dry flocks we generally run to about from (iOO to 1,100; on an averpge about 1,000; but in a flock of breeding sheep seldom more than 700. 11. What number of men do you employ to superintend your flocks generally? — One man as shepherd to the ilry flock, and a hut-kee|)er attending two flocks in fold at home ; the lambing flock requires another man occasionally. 12. What would be a fair average of men to attend 2,000 sheep? — About one man for every 700. 13. IXi you discover any defects arising from running your flocks in such large num- bers f — Yes, they do not get fat so soon in large as in small flocks; 1 find no otner dis- advantage, except as regards sheep for slaughter ; the wool and health of the sheep are kept up. 14. Have you any difiiculty in procuring the supply of labour you require on this calculation? — I have not as yet; I have imported almost all my servants; 1 have not depended on the Government Immigration. 1 5. Do you consider that that arrangement has been more advantageous to you than if you had been dependent uimii a supply of Government labour? — Had the amount that was given for wages hven the same now as when I commenced to import, I shciild have Ik-en a largo gainer; but as the rate of vviiges li&s diminisheorts cm rent concerning the colony ; they were labourers at home, and readily learnt to became shepherds; about three months was sufficient to teach them. 1 7. Can you state what the general average of wages is in your district for shepherds ? — At present the wages of a good shepherd are 18/. to 22/, with rations, which consist of 10 aunds of meat, 10 pounds of flour, and tea, sugar, • nd tobacco, the value of which would 18/. per year. 18. What proportion of that is the produce of your own farm, and what amount do you purchase ?— As yet 1 have had no opportunity of growing wheat, or other agricultural produce. „ (71.) S »9- But i lao REPORTS HELATINO TO EMIGRATION. i I NBW St)UTH WALKS. f.'. MarWotif, fjjf . 'ilil JnU IM*^. r ! 19. But do you ronlt'inplite hereafter railing produce on your own itation ? — Certainly. 20. Do you consider the 'jlimatc of ynur district adapted lor the growth of wheat? — I shu jld say it was yery well adapted for maiiie, and also for wheat, but there have hitherto been very few experiments trii-tf. til. Can you give the Cbminitteo any inrormalion as to the numl)er of stations, and the rmtity of land uncultivalrd to which your remarks refer? — From seven to ten stations; land under cultivation ii too inconsidoralilc to mention. 2*.}. But, from your know'edge of the district, you have no doubt as to the productiveneM of the soil ?— It is most imiloubtedly very pron9es of an old on", which I doubt, there would be no surplus; — I speak of the wool. 26. Is there such ri sale of the surplus stock as might make up the deficiency in the profit ? — Ilitlierio thi re has been no sale at the Day. 27. Is it ill your piwor to suggest any measures likely to improve the present deficiency ? — I think thai a iilentiful supply of labour would be the best inetliootatoe8, yams, bananas, gni|Hti, oranges, and fruits of almo.st every description, arc growing in (he district at present. .'i4. Then you rouHider that the articles of ex|>ort from Moretoii Bay might be consider- ably iiiorensed ? — 1 do. .■jr>. What do you consider the chief disndvanuiges of the district ? — The hostility of souk; of the aborigine!!, and hithrrlo the want ofii iiinrket ; I have myiell, und all my neiglibouiv, suifereil fnim loss of sheep, and attacks tVom the aborigines. !W. Are they in consid>.Table numbers in the district .' — 1 should oay there are about 1 ,000 in the whole dislricl. 07. Has it lM>en found iKissible to approach them, so as to hold comuiunicalioii with them, without ddimeni to your making improvements? — Most certiiinly; we consider ourselvt-s merely yearly occu- (laiits, having no s«>curity beyond the lease fur a year. 40. (.'ould you make any suggestion to improve the tenure of the station, and thereby the condition of the wcupier? — I think by hngthening the lease to a |M-riod of five years, .iiid leaving the terms of iK'cupation the siime us at present. 41. 'Hie Committee understand that the domi^itie arrangements on the stations in (he Interior are in a very iiniHTfi-ct state, owing to the shortness of the liM'iice; do you tonsider tliat extending (he leaiio to live years would induce the occupiers to build good and sub- stantial houses ? — Ceriainly, if (he iniproveineiKs were taken oil his hands ut a valuation, at the expinition of the leas*'. 42. Supixiiiin^' at the expiration of the hnise, that no [lerson was found to take the ini- provenients at n valuation, might it not Ik- more salislactory if he were to become (he pur- chaser of a small |Mirtion on which llk^se improvements were made? — I should prefer extending the liaM' at the option of the lesMV, with a proviso, that at the end of tiie extended |ieriod he should give up all claim to the land uiiil improveroents. 43. Might it not be more satisfactory if he were to become the purchaser of a small rtion on which ihc improvcineiKs were made f — It might, were the price of luiid such as le could afford to givn ; bui, at the present price of I/, per acre, it would certainly not be in his |>nwcr. 44. Woiilij (luMlifhoiiUy be diminished, if, iuHlCiid of paying at once, he wai allowed to jiay by iiuialnu-nts i vi-ry year?— It certainly would, in a great degre*-, ami render the occupier much more willing (o purchase. 45. Do you think (l.ai the indis|K)sitiun (u purchase at pre«i-iit arises more from want of I REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. I8t 21itJulv 1842. of capital, or a fear that a rcaliisation will not be made ? — More from the apprehension that NEW it would not make nn adequate return than from the want of ccpital. SOUTH WALES. 40. Then is it to be concluded, if it could be promised tliat an advantageous return of — the capital would follow, there would l»e no want of persons to entbark (—1 certainly think *■'• Macktntie, Eti/. that there would not be any want of persons to embark the capital. 47. If the terms of payment were thus rendered completely easy, and a continued im- inijay the proprietors by additional comforts, as wel! as in other respects. .51. Do you think the effect of such a plan would give too great facility to labourers to become occupiers of land, and consequently become employers of labour themselves ? — I do not think so ; I think there is a sufficient check to prevent their being employers. 1 do not think it would at that price give any undue facility; besides their services would not lie lost. b'2. Under present circumstances, what prospect can a labouring man entertain of ever raising hinm-lf above that condition ? — At present his prosjjects ore very slight ; it is morally impossible that he shouUl become a proprietor. an. Are you aware in what manner they dispose of any surplus or savings from their wages ? — Tliose who are prudent cither deposit it in the savings bank, or in the hand* of their rniployers, at interest. 54. Speaking only of prudent persons, do you think they would be willing to embark their money in the purchase of land, if facilities were afforded them ? — Those who had any trade to depend upon besides the land would certainly do so, but not mere kbourers. 55. Shoiilil you not consider it preferable to have people scattered about your district, than the desolation, if it may be so called, by which you are at present surrounded? — I think it would l)e a great advantage, and |)ergoiiul security would be greatly improved. '}(i. Might it not afford a greater opening for moral and religious improvement than at pre*ent i-xists? — Most certaiiily. 57. You say there are 10 stations at Moreton Bay, do you include the Darling Downs — are you aware how many stations there are on the Downs? — The 10 stations 1 have siioken'of are exclusive of the Darling Downs ; I should think there nre '20 to '25 ; Brisbane is the outlet of the whole of that country. rtA. Speaking of the seven to 10 stations, you liave mentioned to be on this side the range, what quantity of land do you suppose to be occupied by them ? — There ore about 40,000 acres to each station, that is speaking vaguely ; miles even are not computed. 59. Do you think it would bt> judicious to lock up so large a portion of land for five years, merely to wW from seven to 10 sections? — I see no other way in which the land could be made serviceable ; it would be preferable to the present mode of sale. (iO. lint if there were the power to put up a section, do you think persons would purchase? — I think not, at present prices, except in the immediate neighbourhood of tOWIH. fli. You infer, then, thot without a sheep station, persons woidd not purchase?— Certainly. 6!i. If that land was liable to be put up for sale at the end of the lease, would persons make improvements? — No, I certainly think not; my opinion is founded on the presump- tion thrit the land would become their own, without competition, at a moderate price. fi3. Do you think if they were guarantees, provided the interest of the loan Ite paid by the proceeds of the sale of land. Indeed, I think that the first thing requisite to relieve us, unlesa coolie labour be introduced, which might be effected without a loan. T/tuiMlin/, Qliit .^u/jf \Hi9. PiiEDKRicK OuiLviE Esq., of the Clarence Kiver, called in, and examined. 1. YOU have Utm many years conversant with the system of settling and sheep farming F. Oj'i/rif, f.i';. ;.'l>t Jiilv 1842. in this colony ? — Yi's, I may say all my life; in the concerns of my father, who is the owner of considerable pro|N'rty, and likewise holder of lands l)eyond the boundaries, in several districts ; latterly I have been engaged in similar pursuits on my own account 'i. In what district is the land princi|)ally situated which you occupy on lease? — Clarence River. •'J. What distance is that from Sydney? — Almut 250 mili-s by water. 4. Is it in that mode that vni chiefly comnuinicale with .Sydney ? — Entirely. 5. Where do you ship your produce? — At the Clarence Uivcr. fi. At what (listance from the mouth of the Clarence ? — About '2& miles in a straight direction from the coast. 7. What siie vessel can come that distance up the river?— Hie largest vessel that has ever bt>cn up was about 150 tons, but she did not then either come iii or go out with full cargo. U. Is lliere a l>ar at the mouth, nnd if so, what depth of water is on it ?— The shallowest part is within the bar, where at high tide there is about nine feet wiiter. 0. How lung have you been in the habit of shipping wool at that |X)rt to Sydney ? — Two seasons. 10, Have you found reasonable facility in doing it, so that you would be encouraged to go on ? — I have found iniicli facility. 11. What numlMT of stations iire there colnu'Ctt^l with j'our family on which yon havi- control? — Eleven stations, extending al)out 14 miles along the river, and in depth about un average of from two miles to two miles and a half on each side. I'J. Ii< the s'oil in that district pt-culiarly fit for sheep or agriculture, or MJial piir|)oortionii fit for ••ach pur|HMe ; some for sheep, some for cattle, and noine for agriculture; most of the up|)er part of the river is not very rich, and is fitter for slucp than cattle; nearer the mouth of the river there is rich alluvial land, which will be found very valuable for agriculture. I.'i. Is it a country which admits of the sheep being in large flocks ? — No, not to the sanir degree an interior clistrirts, there ln-iiig a good deal of woodwl and broken grouml. 14. What do you consider your average niimlier ? — I'Voni 600 to 1,10)0 or l,*JOO ; but slu'ep are capable of lieing run in much larger flocks in new couniriet than in those places which have btrn longer stocked, in consitjucnce of the grass not having Im-cii eaten oil', and there being a better selection ojien. 1 5. What numlM'r of men (h> you consider neet>ssary for the management of a flock nl 1,00<> shiH'p?— One man, with half the labour of another man; that is, thri-e men to two flocks or abtujt I,(t00 or \,rHW Hhee|^ exclusive of men raising and conveying food: many others are retjuired on jKirticular occosionit. 1(>. Could you raU'ulnte what would Ih- the niimlier you require, including all these things? — To betwifn |-J,000 and |.'),0()0 slii-ep we have !J0 men. 17. IX) you raise any agriculturiil prosi-s connec(e0/. |)er ton, b.'sides freight and other charges in the transport ot it from Sydney to the Clarence. '24. l)ti you consider, at the present price of wool, and the facilities afforded for dis- posing of your surplus stock, that sheep farming is advantageous? — I think that persons giving their whole attention, and with frugality, can (after they have once formed their stations) maintain them within the amount derivable from the wool ; whether they re- ceive a per centage for their capital nmst de[Hon the price which can be procured lor the surplus stock ; this of course only applies to those whose capital is already sunk in the busiiK-ss ; 1 huvo*e a system which secured the occui>ation of the run for a certain number of years limited, upon the present terms, and subject to the assessment on stock, and enabling yuu to obtain the ownership of such ground as would secure the buildings, would that ill any degree obviate the difficulty of which you spejk ? — It would depend much on the number of years for which the land would be secured. '20. Can you mention what you would consider the shortest jx'riod for wliich it would answer your purpose to obtain the land securely ? — I should think 14 years would be the shortest; any loi'ger jH-riod would of course be more advantageous. ao. As tliat would enable you to keep tin- greater part of your capital in your hand, would you consider it more advantageous tlian allowiiig you to purchase at 5s. per acre ? — I think it would be more advoniugeous; but the question being new to me, and presetting many dillc-'.-ent |)oints of view, I am unable to give a decided opinion. Ul. Do you consider that the introdi:-;tioii of such a system might induce many persons to embark in sheep speculation, and so uflbid the old settlers a morket for their stock ? — I hove no tloubl, as such a system would be a very great improvement on the present one, that :t would have that elTet-i. 32. If it should effect an increased sale of your surplus stock, would that not be what is princiiMdIy now wanting to render sheep farming profitable to the owners of flocks ? — IX-cideilly so. 33. Would it encou.age the residence of proprietors on the grazing stations more than at present? — 1 think it would, though a large proportion of proprietors of stock do now reside on their stations ; I think it woul>' clso have the effect of iiiukiiig them be more constantly on the I ever li.»l any convortntion with p«noni SOUTH WALKS, coimiflrnl lu rorm an oiiinion. — — .')7. What nmtrriali nave vnii (or huildiiifi piiqvMct at tlie C'lnmirr i* — 'lliero i) frcr' f. OfUti', f.'7- ilonv in many plucit, uiid \ think |ili'nty ui° brick earth might Ih> prucuri< of thv cuuntrVi thonf(h the cwlui ii now nearly all cut ; there are |ilrniy uf itheiU at the mouth of the river, but I have not •een lune«tone ; there are pine buthe* in placcR. iUt .lulv IM2. .4. R Ihmtnii, f jij. ' j * We(lne»day,9r!tltJul>flWi. ' '•'"'.'-■,• ^ \ '■ • i ALmco RonKRT Df.ninon Vm\., ofC'aMili*, railed in. and examined. I. IN what (lart of the colony are you *ettleii which they had b(*en employed ; others I dismisseti in consequence of extensive Iosk's of sheep, which rendered the continuance of their services unnecessary. With a view to reduce my ex|>enditure, I have also increaied the nuinlier of sheep in my flocks, so as to diminish the number of men reipiired for their atten(knce. 5. You state you have not decreased your estalilishment on account of the difficulty in obtaining us many men lu you ileHire ; can you do so at satisfactory wages ?— For the last two 'months I have been able to obtain men at tolerably satisfarlory wages; but I um Dtill giving higher than I can well alforti to give; 'ML |>er annum is the utmost which I ought to give in justice to myself; and I consider that these are wages amply remunera- tive to the labourer. fi. What do you value the rations at t — I estimate the ration* of a man at about 17/. |N>r annum. 7. In that calculation, how do you estimate the portion of the produce of the farm given in the ration?— The produce of the farm is only meat, which 1 calculate at a certain rate. K What pro|)ortion in money do you ei>tiniale lliat produce to bear to (he cost of the whole ration i — The actual outlay in money U about two thiriU ; thus the meat cost* about 6/. the other |>arts lU/. Klj. I would lake this opportunity of observing, (hat the whole system of riilioiis oiii{lit to be ^ot rid of; the waste consequent u|)on it is excessive; the mniiter might have his stores so well supplied as to be able to furnish his men at a low rate, and so remove that necessity for the contiiuinnce of the system which the absence of retail sho|«i might otherwise riipiire. U. .Sup[Mising the price of meat to remain as ut present, and labour to rise above its present rate, under siirh circumstances ilo you consider that sheep funning couhl be car- ried on to advantage.'' — My squatters it might be, but certainly not by those who have purclia*e profitable to buy land at iiny price to feed stock, that is, to buy (he entire quantity over wliich the sheep are to graze ; I um »|>eakiiig in reference to presi-nt circumstances, and from Kiich ex|M-rienct' us duiing a residence ol two year* I have iH-eii able to gain. 1 1. Your dibtnct liu* iH-eti vi>iti-arts of the i-olony. I'J. Have you sustained great liwise* in consequence of those droughts ? — Yes, I have. I.'). Do you include that circuinstaiiee ninong those which may be considered as the Axed cauM-s w huh render shin-p tunning unprofitable ? — It is one amongst the causes. 14. L)t> you consider that the wmil would |>uy the expenses of the sheep, iiiclu-money of both land and sheep ?— Certainly not. 15. What do you assume to have lM-<-n the pric<>s given for lainl, sheep, and cattle? — I um s|M>aking of the price given by myself, viz., I6j. |>er acre for land, 17s. lor sh»H-p, and 5/. \tvr head for cattle. •• •_ r r^ Hi. The price* are at present merely nominal ? — Tliey are. 17. If stock were readily saleable at tlie price* mentioned by you, do you consider there wouhl then be a profit ? — \ should say so. lo. Would these prices admit of any re. Would i( not be necessary also, that the price of land shouhl be reduced in like proportion ? — Certainly, in order to leave a profit to the purcluuer. 20. Have you found any difficulty in leaching the immigrants to be shepherds ? — No ; the occupation of a shepherd is readily learnt; it merely require* a bttle attention. Wednes July 1842. Wednesdnif, r»ritab!e to a person to b«>come the purchaser of a large extent for grazing purposes? — I liiive made some calculations, though not any very precise ; I have been informed by very competent authorities, and 1 am myself dii«|M>se(l to think, that the average quantity of land required to feed one sheep is not lest than from three to five acres; the actual value of purchased grazing land, estimated by the profit ilerivetl from it, must therefore be very small ; but there ure many |M'rsons, wishing lo purchase land for the siike of forming a property, who would give more than its uctuol value for grazing purposes, but who would not give a price to utterly unrcnumerulina as the |)re8ent minimum. •*). Then do you consider that the present minimum price acts as a total prohibition to the sale of land ? — I do, at the present time. 4. Are you enabled to state what quantity of land has been actually sold at that rate, during the laxt I '2 nuinths, in quantities ol a section and upwords? — The lleturii which I mode some time ago, by desire of the Coinmitte<", shows that there have been advertised for sale, at I2«. per acre, obout l.')'2,U5.') acres in all parts of ;he colony; and at prices higher than \'2s., 7,9U(i, nukking a total of 1 4(),.')4t). Of those mil up at a higher rate than I'it., 507 acres were puichosetl for I,.'i92/. 1*5. I !(/., l)eing for the most part suburban allot- jnents ill the neighbourhood of .Sydney. If this sum is ,5I.>/. 5«. lit/., a balance of 4,1*22/. 7«. remains; but from this a further sum of 52 W. 2t. must be deducted, as deposits to the extent of 57/. l<*i. up|iear to have been forfeited, thus leaving a balance of only 3,601/. 6». received for lond put up at the minimum of 12*. per acre, during the year, from the 30th June 1841 to the 30th June 1842. Out of the number of acres put up at 12*., viz., 132,353, only y three In the others averaging from 17 to 372 acri>8 each. 5,044 were actually disposed of; and of these only lots equalled or exceeded a section. 5. Do you see any piosiM-ct of a revival of demand for grazing lands i" — Not if wool con- tinues at its present price, and lalraur be at as high a rate as it now is. 6. l>o you see any prospect of a revenue from the saleof suburl»n and town allotments? — I do; ill the neighbourhood of Urisbune. From tiie last sale there appeared to be a competition amongst monied men and speculators, and the prices bid were very good. I have, however, since heanl that those who purclmsed, without being acqiiointed with the locality, are (liscontented with their bargains, and that deposits to a considerable amount will be forfeited in consequence. 7. Can you form any approximate estimate of the whole amount likely to be realized during the next 12 months, from the sale of every description of lands in all parts of the colony?— I am not aware of the extent which will be put up; and even if I had this information I could form no estimate. a Tutting out of the question the description of jwi-sons you have spoken of, who might give more lor land than iu actual worth, for the sake of profit by its re-sale, can you fix any limit to which the minimum price must \k reduced, to encourage persons who look merely to a return for their capital to become large purchasers ?— No, 1 cannot fix any limit ; jHflple who merely look to a return for their capital will rather squat beyond the boundaries than purchase at any time. 1). If the minimum were reduced to 5»., or 2s. 6rence to squatt.ng"; but ^t would not v-swer to purchase at 5«. the' whole quantity required; people might be found to purcli.se head or home stations, but they could not purchase their whole grazing land at that iT.te. 10. I)o vou suppose then, that if the upset price were fixed at as., persons would engage in 'hcep farming, ond thus aflord a market for the surplus stock ?— I thmk so to a great extent. I om crtnlibly informed tliot there is a great deal of money now in llie banks, which would be laid out in the purchase of land, if it were to be obtained at uny thing like a reiiiunerating price. i .1 • 1 1. Vou mean then, that if such parties could obtoin land at 5*. it would be worth tlieir while to purchase stock, and this would create a demand for sheep and cattle which iloes njt now exist?- I think it would; it would create a demand for stock winch does not HOW exist; not that persons wouhl purchase the eiitiic quantity of land required to feed their stock, but they would purchase to a considerable extent. 12. How then do you account lor it, that that deiiuiiid for stock does not exist where iiersons may obtain land beyond the boundaries, at a price even below 5«.?— Ihey are two liiflerent classics of pc-ople; the money of which I am speaking belongs to individuals not now colonists, but who are supi)OH'd to be willing to make a permanent investment ot capital in the colony. r i • i i „. „ 13. Supiiose that the squatter could obtain a property in some portion for Ins land, at a (71.) 1). II the minimum were reauceu to at., or xs. ou., oi i*., ui un^f umvi jji.ic j«. fix uijon, would it then suit jn-rsons to become purchasers for grazing purjioses, b ill mind that, as you say, it would take from three to five acres to keep a sheep ?-—I «uy that if the price were reduced to Is. it might answer to purchase, in preferei .S 1. price IM Kei*ORTS liU.ATINO TO KMIOKATION. NKIV price llif riovrrninriit ini)tlil Ilk. would not iliut bring •tmiit mIi-i?— . .« tli4l ihry dOUlll \VALR8. wuiiUI |iurrlia»r n ccrtniii iMirtion iil' tlu' IaikI nil wliirh tlu-ir •tatioii« nrv, lor (lit- |iiir|K>*<- u( ;»r Hox. '.V'lli Jul* IH4'i. nmkiiig iiniimvi'iiirnt* nixl ri'iidfrinu iIk'himIvcii niorr dimrorlubU'. 14. Vim nuiiiiu' lluit \\>vy woiilil not |iurrliii«* the wlmlr Pkicnt thry urrii|tyi yet ilipy woulil Im> williiiu to |)urrli«H' aiu-li |M)rlion an woiilil Mt-nn' their biiililntKii ami other im- provcnirntu / — r«li<»il rfiihii'd. \y l)o yon not think that iht- itbility to btToino |iroitrii'tor of a certain |iorti»n of the run. and 'l>iii to rlii-rt iniprovcmfnti without rmk of lini«g the coti ol them, would rn> conrHKi* cnpitiiliati to lend their inmiey to Kpiatlerx to ciirry on their n|M-rKtion« f — Any |HTiion |H»iM'»iieiainder of tlie run, would not the elfect of that b<- to create u market for the increnM' of utoek / — To a limiter«on* of capital to conne<-t tbemteive* with »uch ettubliahmenti, wouhl it not M-em to follow that thi* would create the demand fur (urplu* itock, which you say dm-* not iu>w exiat / — If any capital not at pre«ent !.ild out in ttock could be brought int' o|)eration it would certainly create a demand for (tuck, limited to the extent of the capital «> to Im.' laid ouL 1)1. If invettment of capital u|>an luch term* wotild Im* protitable, and lh« demand for wool at the present price may Im> auuimil rnpulile of an indelinite increase, u|m>:i what f [round* ilo you HMonie that the dis|Mniiion to iiiveit capital in thi* .naiiner would Im> mi imited ? — It wa* not tlie inventment of capital to whicli I alluded, but to tlie demand fur kurplim *l(M-k. The utalioni are mn*t of them •locked nireadv, and many |)urtie« occupying thoM' Ktation* arc *uirering from a want of *ale for (heir siirplui muck. LM). IXj you iH'lieve that the rounlry in now n* full of sheep a* it will admit of? — That I would not venture to *ay, but large gnuK'nt are nloppiiig the increase of their Hock*. *JI. Hut a* you admit that iIh- plan miggented would make this application of capi'al iHMielicial, and that there i* >lill government lami unoccupied, whicli might be covered wivh iheejK why should there Im- a limit to the demaii« not |iay at the preild capital into the country to lie *o emliarkecurc a |H-rinuiient interest for their lannlitit in the land of the colony. '2'2. I)o you siippoM' that the demand lor stock has reached its limit, and what meaaure* would you pru|K>se to revive it ? — 1 think it has reached its limit at this moment at the prcH'iit price of land ; Imt I tliiiik if the pi iii' of land could Ih- lowcretl, and so the intro- duction of capital into the country In- i iicoiirageil, the price of atock would be iinmetliately ram-d. v!<'l. Hot have you not atateil you doubt whether any lowering of the mininiuin price tluit could take place would luive the eflect of inducing |H-rM)n* to become purchasers? — I think that the graiier* in the country are so depressed that they would nut Im- purchasers, but nionied immigrants would come in with n view to purchase; the price of laiul at 64. |M-r acre U'lng known in Knglaixl would, I ht'l (MTsuadi-d, induce capitalists to emigrate, and iiivi St their capital in land and »liH'k. 'J-4. l)t(>ck ii|M>n it, is a prolitalih- iiivoiineni ? — No; but if monied immigrant* could U- induced to purchase land, llie> would then have lo purchost- stuck aUo, which would create a demand fur >he<'p and callle uIik h do<-s not now exist. *JJ>. Uonid not this cri-ate a revival of the demand for, and consef|uentlv tend to raise the price of stock, fco as lo rendi r the investment of capital in stock prohtable ? — lam decidedly of opinion tliat it would. *.'nw a leasonuble pros|>ect of prus|M>riiig them- selves? — No; but I think that a general b<-lief of its pro*|>erity enlertaine*- sion that the colony was pro.,|HTing have Iw-t-n answen-il? — Nut latli-rly, be<-aus«- they came out without a knowledge of the cWpressioii now existing; when they lelt Kngland the colony WM sup|N>se thr preMtit iiriwt of land Hn land ?— I think they would, bwaiiie thejr would have made tlieir purrliAMi nt lower price*, and to been enabled to keep part of llieir rapilal entire to meet the difllrtillitt of the time*, without running into debt; an. l)o you find any difficulty in obtaining lalmor in that rvinotc iiart of the colony .'—I am oblifred to tend laboiirerii from lure, and have much diflicujtv in getting them down j I have alMJ lit |wy their eK|ieniie«. 4. Have you In-eii able to nbuin luliour at n moderate rale ut Corner Inlet ?— No. 5. What wagei do you give ilieplierdi mid Inbourirs there ?— I have none at leH than from t24/. to .'it)/. |H-r anniiiii, and aonic few nt O'i/. «. llo*-* tliat include familiet?— I have only one family. 7. I« there any demand for itock in that diilricti-* — it de|N-iidi on the market in Van Diemen'x I^iid, where there in now n market ; I have a veitel plying between Corner Inlet and liobart Town with fat ulieep and cattle. H. Do you obtain n'muneraling pricen for them in that market i — Such a« have been leiit have brought very fair prices; about N/. iht head \\a» bi-eii obuined for bullocks, anil I Imvf Mmie for which I am leil to expect 17/. 0. Do you And that you can (till undersell the graaier of Van Diemen's Land ? — As- suredly we can; Van Diemen's IjiihI has In-en overstocked for the last 1 4 years; they must provide artiflcini roo. H\A>MK l:,q. ■i7>h Jiilv IM'i. L, Mucalulir, tifi). 'J7th July 184:^. such as to enable you to judge of > .''— I was in Van Diemen's Land for 13 months in the army, and siit>se4]ueiilly I viiit<-erill readily in that (Hstrict at the present minimum pciceV—A considerable quantity would sell for ogriciiltural purposes, if iu quality wa» sufficiently known, but not for grazing. ... „„ ,^ (710 1' 2«- ^ ^••tv*w-*jfc**it,-*i 188 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. NEW SOUl'H WALES. L. :Vaoaiul«r, £if , 37lh July IN3. it i 96. Do Tou think that Uiere would be •uficient land in that diatrict to niie grain enoiigh to Mpply the pretent population of New South Wales?— I (hould certainly my that in that district might be grown at much wheat ai ia now grown in Van Dierovn't Land. 37. Suppose it were proposed to raise a loan of 500,000L for the put pose of introducing, within seven or eight yearst an industrious aoricultural population into that district, do you think, from your knowledge of the value of land, tluit security might be given upon the land in that district, for the regular payment of interest at five per cent, on that loan, and the rt'puyment of the principal within a limited number of ^oars? — I have no doubt that the lai»l in the district would afford ample security ; some of it, were sufficient laoour intro- duced, would let for IL per acre, and the produce would afford an ample remunerative return to the tenant. '26. Will you enumerate, as &r as you are abie^ tlie several kinds of produce which you consider could be advantageously raised in that diatrict, and what market might be found for them when raised? — It would produce wheat, oats^ barley, rye, potatoes, clover, lucerne, and all artiBcial grasses; turnips and ail vegetables grown in England; all European fruits might also, I am pcrsuailed, be grown there with advantage ; fnr grain, Sydney would afford a markf>t ; and Van Diemen's Land would take the stock. 'I1>« country is also Admirably calculated for dairyfarms, the sward cf natural pastures being extremely rich, and the milk ^-ielding an unusual quantity of butler. 1 may have seen as good land in Ireland, but never m ScoiTaniL The country is full of same, Vangaroos, emues, wild turkeys, geese, 8tc. ; there is likewise abundance of fish in the lake and harbour. '29. Have you turned your thoughts to the possibility of forming establishments there for the purpose of salting and exporting beef and pork ? — I have taken it into consideration, and it was my intention io commence a salting establishment on a very large scale, but the imported salt beef has been selling at so low a mte, that it has been more profitable to send the stock alive to Van Diemen's Land. 30. What do you mean by tlia harbour of Comer Inlet ? — It is an immense sheet of water luving, 1 suppos<'. about 100 islands in it; it.is about 30 miles one way, and four or five I ..• other. 31. Is there depth of water in the Inlet itself for ships to enter the harbour, and room for them to swing at anchor when Uiey are in ? — Abundance of room for vessels drawing 1 1 or 12 ieet, even at low water; the tide rises 10 feet. 32. Have you ever had the opportunity of hearing the opinion of a naval man upon the .< recommendation of tlie liarbour ? — I have had the opinion of two masters of vessels who were there ; they stale that the entrance is perfectly safe for vessels drawing 1 1 or 12 feet water, at any time of the tide, and that at high water vessels of large tonnage could enter ; till* a.ichorage widiin the bar affords security for vessels of any sixe ; it u coiuidered a belter and Mifer harbour than Port Phillip. Thurtdatf, ^ih Jufy ISM. Sir Tiioif AS LiviNasTOME Mitchkll Knight, Surveyor General, calle termed wholly an imaginary value, if iu future pros|ie'rity were sure, or likely to be like tlie past. 7. l)u yi)u allude merely to grating lands, or to lands for other purposes ? — 1 allude to both kinds of laml. Tliv purchaser of either looks to its becoming ultimately valuable for otiH-r pur|>o*>-> ; tile arable land for subdivision, and the purposes uf increases the purchase of them at the higher minimum price, which U is expected will be hxed.-l thinjc '^*°"J^^^-^,^^^,,j . , ^^^„, „f ,^„d, oiat individuals have more land than they can use?- 1 understand you to mean more land than there are purchasers for ; or that the excess excM'ds the demand. , , , . 22 Is it not a fact that there is th .ee or four times more land used for grazing purposes tlian has been alienated by the Crown ?— At least sixty times as much. •2) Can^ou say what .^ect the raising of the minimum price of land by the Govern- miM. has had on tlie landed property of the settlers ?-I do not t nnk that it ha. had any Jffwt,aT Son the value ol^ultivaiion lands, which depended chiefly on the improveineim „ (71.) '^ ^ If IM REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. Sir T. I. Milch»U. 28i)i Julv 184?. NliW made upon them ; but tlie mere gruing IumU purcliued at Us. an acre were of coutM- SOUiH WALES, saleable at a higher figure. 24. Tu what, then, do you attribute tlie present depressed state of the settlers ? — To Tarious cause* : the sending so much money out of the country as 800,000/. to increase the con- sumers of an article in part brought firom South America ; the sudden deprivation of convict ^^_^____ labour; the great fall in prices of wool ; and, as I have understood, from excess of commer- "' cial shipments. I shoulci say too, that the raising of the price of land was anotlier cause ; the raising of the upset price from &«. to 12s. per acre I consider to have had a very injurious cilect in checking that emigration of persons witli money, which might have fructified in the colony. 25. Do you not think that the diminution of the commissariat or government expendi- tore in tlie colony luu likewise materially affected the interests of tlie producers? — In alluding to the deprivation of convict labour I contemplated this amongst the evil conse- quences thereof. 26. To these causes, then, you attribute die distressed state of the settler, and the nt.>ceMity for his bringing his land into the market ?--As fiir as I understand the circumstances of the colony, I should say so. 27. To what do you attribute the want of a market for surplus live slock ? — Chiefly to the want of additional immigrants with capital ; that which was in it having been drained by the exportation of the land fund. 26. To what do you attribute the cessation of the introduction of immigrants with capital ? — I should say chiefly to the sudden changes which have taken place in the price of land; the uncertainty which has lieen produced in tlie minds of people in England; and the consequent reaction of the speculative sales at Port Phillip. 29. Do you not think tiiat the present low price of stock offers a favourable opportunity for inventing capital in live stock i — I should say it was, were I certain that it haa reached its minimum price; even at present rates I think it must be favourable. 30. Hie committee are desirous of being informed if you can oblige them with a plan of the land adjacent to Coriicr Inlet ? — I can ; I have a map here. 31. Will you have the goodness to explain to w'lat extent tlie survey in that direction has proceeded? — The town of Albert has been marked out; and Mr. Townsheml, the surveyor, has just arrived on Manero Plains, liaving completed a survey of the road to that point ; aitd where he has been joined by two other surveyors who are to be employed with him in a general survey of the country toward* Cape Howe and the eastern coast, ii2. Have the approaclies by water been sounded, and lias there been found access for vessels of large burthen ? — lliey have ; vessels of considerable tonnage may approach within three miles of the township, near the point of junction of the rivers Albert and Tarra. 33. From tlie reports of your surveyor), can you give the committee any information as to the extent of good land in that neighbourhood ? — I have not received Mr. Towiislieml's last report. 34. Will you liave the goodness to state, whether your impreesion as to the general clia- ''•\^y racter of the Und there is favourable? — Not so fiivourable as it was as respects the land immediately in the iieiglibotirliood of Corner Inlet and Alberton ; but I believe tliere is a vast extent of well-watered and very valuable land between that and the district of Manero. /Vi«%, 29//< •/ton» to whom the purchoM- of lands muiit be an object of desire. 4. TIk- i)ue«tioii is put priiclifailv, with rfl'iTfiirc to l»nds which, on your former exami- jiutioii, you slated tu liavf btvti kotd at particular prices ; whether, if the same lands were now put up to sale, you coiuiiiiu' tu think tlu'v wuuid bring the same prio'S? — It would de|s arrivi-tl about (lie day b4-)'(>r<- th»t (ixey the introduction of nevr banks, and the increase of the capital of the existing banks ? — Immense, and sudden. 16. Did not tlwt create a very extensive demand for Crown lands? — I should ihink that it must. 17. Did not, in fact, capital flow into the colony faster than it could be employed? — I am not competent to give a decided opinion, but such is my impression. I shiuld say tluil banks, from surplus capital, became too lax in their system of accommodation. 18. Was no'. the effect of the introduction of that capital so suddenly, that of cresting an artificial value upon all property, including Crown lands ? — It evidently must. 19. Have you reason to believe that the purchases of Crown lands made at limt time have been profiuble to the buyers ? — I think so, because as far as I am able to jud je, very few of them have been refold. I am not aware of any large jwrtions having J«en sold, except at what is called a sacrifice. '20. At the late sales lias there been any competition at 12«. per acre ? — There 'las. ■21. How much Government land has been sold during the last twelve mont'is at I2s. |K'r acre ■■ — I cannot from memory say, but there was very little; I think that there was one sale of 138 lots at which there was not a single bidding, and these were chiefly lands which had been offered on lonner occasions at 5i. per acre. 'I'J. Generally speaking, have the lands put up at 12#. per acre been sold? — I should say not much more than one-tenth. 941. Has the attendance at the Government lales been the same as it was previous lo the raising of the upset price?— By no means; but 1 do not think that this falling off' w«s in consequence of the raised price. '24. When the upset price was raised there was a great demand for town allotments? — Yes. '25. To wliat do you attribute that? — To general sjieculniion ; the desire of investing tniall capitals in a way likely to be hereafter beneficial, and to the existence of a large amount of s|iare capital. tW. When the colony recovers from its present depression, do you consider that grazing Uiid will sell at l'2». |)er acre?— Such is my opinion, derived from a long experience as a surveyor. '27. Upon what daU do you found your calculation ; do you conceive that at that price the land will yield a profitable return to the purchaser ?— I do, from the general impiove- iiifiin in land which will take place througliou • lony. Uf^. Do you think that in a new country capiiali .s can, grneruUy spcakn.^, uftord to look l» lemotr return from lands and tc loivgo an immediate income ?— I conceive that the iuimediate profit ought not M much to influence purchasers as the prospect of future improvement. I have advised private friends to act on that principle, and I think that there was no reason why they should not act upon it. 'I'lmsi- persons who have not other means upon which to live, iiide|>endenily of any immediate i l>een the rate of payments in the colony on account of the Uritith Government, from the period at which the practice of selling Crown lands commenced (from 1831) to the close of last year ? — In consequeni'e of the letter I received this day from the clerk of Councils, I have prepared a return embodying Uie information required, which 1 now beg to submit to the committee. [JZetera put in.] ExPENDiTi/RE from the Military Chest at Sydney, New South Wales. v> 29th Julv 1842. iK Vear. Military. Convict. MisGcllaiieous. Total. 183;; 68,890 83,010 16,091 167,991 1833 61,814 90,018 4.066 155,896 1834 89,990 115,169 18,649 217,106 1833 100,491 113.602 5,884 219.387 1836 105,364 1S0,»48 92,003 928,315 1837 99,088 124,089 86,905 848,257 1838 93.667 127,651 10»,495 985,813 ISStf 100,410 162,307 70,169 992,886 1840 96,507 148388 41,996 881.941 1841 78.062 98,698 97,108 219,828 2. Since the discontinuance of transportation, has the expenditure within the colony (exclutivc of Nurfolk Island) been diminishing for convict lervices ?— llie expenditure for Norfolk Island diiTers in no respect from convict expenditure for any other tiatiuii, and I cannot readily separate it ; but I tliiuk the maximum cx|>enditure from the military chest has been about 330,000/. ; it is now reduced to about 350,000/. or ktt, per annum, chiefly from the decreatc of the convic, expenditure. 3. Do you anticipate a further decreatc? — For the present year it will probably be under 200,000/. 4. For all tervices, military-, convict and miscellaneous? — Yes; but the miscellaneous service it very uncertain, and not alwayt connected with tliis colony ; it includes llie i-xpenses of thipt of war, both Britith and Foreign, when they liuppen to touch here; roii- siderable sums ex|)endrndiiig money to Van Diemen's I^iid, in aid of the iniliury cliett there; which, in a ttatement such as that now required, (.-an appear only at niitceikiieout. 5. n'liat wai the amount of the current expenditure of the cnnvict establithmentt within the colony during the year 1641? — Last year it wat about 100,000/., independent uf stores, Sic., which were furnished by the Ordiuincv department to tlic varioiu convict establithmtntt. 6. It, then, the expenditure on account of convict etlalilikhmfiilt continually diminishing, and iiliily after a ftw vears to be still fui ilitr rediicid?— It is ; the devreaK* in the number 10 of REPORT)) RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 141 • propo* propoMi thatth« creue of reduc- ich there >f depth, IWper * period l«tinible grazing he town in the tiont for d. hat hai om the cloae ot ouncilt, tubmii of convicu hM already been found to admit of the eaublithmentt hitherto maintained for NEW them,et Mine placet, beins entirely diacontinued, and at otheri, greatly reduced { and I SOUTH WALES. 'is fiut approaching when the whole will be diapented with. —— ■^•^ " "^^ IV. MiUtr, Eiq. oonaider that the period i wlony re for I and cheat hiefly inder iroiii I I he coil- IMCd len't ired, enta [i(>nt vict '•>gi ibfi- Froocedlngt uf the Council. 9lh Sept. 1842. Enclosure, No. 8., in Sir Geoboe Gipps* Despatch, «Olh September 184S. 2 9th July 184 2. RESOLUTIONS OF THE COUNCIL. Votes and Phoceeoinos of the LEoisiJiTivB Council. Friday, 9th September 1842. Present : — H!a Excellency the Governor, and Twelve Members. Absent : — Hia Honor the Chief Justice, and Sir John Jamison. CoiJNaL met pursuant to adjournment— His Excellency the Governor in the Chair. Report of the Committee upon Immigration further considered, and the following Reso- lutions adopted : — 1. Betohed, Tluit this Council, having had under consideration the Report from the Committee, appointed during the present Session to intjuire into and report on the subject of Immigration, concurs generally in the opinions therein expressed. 2. BMolvtd, That this Council especially concurs in the statement of the Committee, that notwithstanding the unprecedented influx of immigrants during the past year, in which the number added to the population have bi'en no less than 23,426 at an expense to the colony nf 328,563^ 6t, fid. there are no symptoms of a superabundance of labour in any part of the territory, there being few, if any, instances of industrious and skilful artisans or labourers wantiiiff employment ;— and although wages have been so lar reduced, as in some degree to meet the circumstances of the employer, they have not fallen below that level which enables the labourer to provide an honest and comfortable subsistence for himself and family. 8. Betohtd, That the large and increasing sums at the credit of the working classes, in the Savings Bank of New South Wides, aiford a gratifying proof of their continued pros- perous condition, notwithstanding the recent extensive increase of their numbers ;— the deposiu in that Institution having increased from 143,000/., on the 30th June 1840, to 178,000/., at the same date of the present year; whilst the accounu opened during the past year average no less tlian 1 70/. per month, being a considerable increase on the average of all former years. 4. Itetolved, That this Council also concurs with the Committee, that although the copious supply of labour recently received has, amongst other beneficial effects upon the welfare of the colony, had tluit of enabling the settlers to carry on the operations of the>r industry for a certain |>eriod, yet that unless measures be tuken in the early part of the ensuing year for the resumption of emigration the want of labour will be as injuriously felt ns ever ; — wages will rise to their former exorbitant rate, and the consequent exhaustion of property, and embarrassment among the settlers, will be again experienced even with aggra- vated severity. 5. Retoleed, lliat this Council, adverting to the Resolutions passed on this subject in former years, has, in common with the Committee, had reason to find the opinions pre- viously entertained as to the expediency of negotiating a loan on the security of the unsold Crown lands of the colony, for the purposes ot immigration, more than fully confirmed. 6. lUtohtd, Tliat although the Land Fund has declined for the present, from a concur- rence of circumstances which it is not necessary here to particularise, yet that, in the opinion of this Council, the vast tracts of vacant Crown lands must form a tully adequate ba«is of security for any loan of reasonable amount, which could be contracted for the promotion of iininigration in this season of emergency ;— nor can reasonable doubt be entertained, that to whatever extent it may; upon trial, be found that the colony is capable of receiving, and advantageously employing, an additional population, to the same extent a loan may be securely applied to the purpose of introducing that population. 7. lUwtvtd, That this Council also concurs with the Committee, that the immediate ab- litraction of capital in payment for the imixirtation of emigrants, a portion only of whom add to the protluctive labour of the colony, the families being for the most part consumers and not producers for a considerable p«>riod after their arrival, must so Materially contract that circulation of money which is re<|uired to carry on successfully the business of an active community, that it would be ini|)olitic to continue a system fraught with such serious inconveniences. During the last five years no less than 46,000 souls have been introduced at a cost to the colony of 850,000/1, exclusively raised within itself, and remitted to the United Kingdom ; so vast an effort for so infant a community could nut fail to produce considerable exhaustion, nor be made without leading to a state of temporary depression. a Htwlvfd, Tliat this Council agrees further with the Committee, dmt these intonveni- ences would be in a great measure abated, if the introduction of labour could for a time \>v |>aid for by borrowed funds, the repayment of which there can be no doubt would be provided fur by the capital which would in a short time be created by means of the labour introduced, and tlie circulation of the capital retained. 0. lU$olvtd, That if the raising of a loan in England for the purposes of emigration khotild wear tlie appearance of drawing upon the resources of the mother country, its wel- ■ ;_._!. _j :_ nd^ree not inferior perhaps to that of the colony itself in the first T 4 expenditure, fare is involved C7I.) la RPEORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. HrDCwdinfr* of the Council. tfih Sept. l84-.>. NEW t'xpenditurr, as well m in tlie fins) mult of the application of the fiindt lo railed. I'he ^UUTH WALE!4. entire amount of erery luch loan would be ultimately repaid from the reioureet of the colony, and in the meantime^ no part would be withdrawn from the United Kingdom, but llic whole would be expended in the advancement of the three chief and leading interest* of the mother country, as well as for the benefit of the labouring classes of the Bntish com- munity, now suffering from a superabundant papulation. The shipping interrst must be promoted by the extent of tonnage emploved m the emigration service. The agricultural mteresi would derive benefit through the demand for victualling so many persons during a voyage of such duration ; while few events would be so favourable to the manufacturing interpsu of Great Britain as the rapid srowih in this colony of a population dependent for the supply of their wanU upon the ?,>roaucU of iu industry, and engaged in raising a sUple article of export, which, while it supplied the raw material for an important article of manufacture, would enable them to be extensive consumers of British goods. 10. Retohxd, That on the grounds set forth, this Council fully relies on the assistance of Her Majesty's Government in raising a loan on the most advantageous terms to tlie colony ; nor can such assistance be drawn into a precedent which might be inconvenient as regards tlie claims of other dependencies of the Crown, if, in every such rase, the whole amount is to be expended in the mother country, for the promotion of emigration, with the same advantages to the several classfM of the British community, and upon the same undoubted security, as are proposed in the instance of this colony. 11. Be$ohtd,Thht this Council repeou iU recommendation of former years, that it 'n highly desirable that all shipi in which emigrants mav be broiisht to this colony should be conducted on tomperanre principles ; and especially that the S4le of fermented and spirituous liquors on boanl, n practice which there is reason to apprehend has prevailed in the (hips of the last season, and luu been attended with injurious consequeiiceti to the main- tenance of order, and to the moral luibits of the emigrants, should in future be strictly prohibited. 19. RemJvtd, 'lliat this Council wou'd especially recommend as a measure of vital im- portance to the preservation of healtli, order, and morals, in all emigration ships, whether under the Bounty System, or engaged by the Government, that tlie surgeons should be men not only />!' professional skill and ex|)erience, but accusloniep««ch III Mr (itorfie Gi|i|>». •Jill .'••|.l. I«I41'. Enclosure, No. 3., in Sir Georof. Gipps* Despatch, 90(h September IM'i. SPEECH of his Excellency Sir Georue Gipi^ in Council, on Friday, 9th September 1 MS, on the Resolutions proposed by the Colonial Secretary, in approval of the Report of the Committee on Immigration. Gentlemen, The question before the Council still is, that the first Resolution, proposed by tiie Colonial Secretary, be adopted. I feel it would be scarcely proper for me at any time, or under any circumstances, to allow matters of such deep importance as those which are involved in the Immigration Report of the present year lo be disposed of without giving to the Council some expression of my sentiment': upon them ; but more especially do I feel it necessary, on tlie present occasion, to offer some exphmalions to you, since it is well known I do not sliare in some of the opinions which liave been broadly put forth in the course of the present debate. It behoves me, I am well aware, under such circumstances, lo speak both with moderation and caution : as, however, this is the third day to which llie discussion has exteiidetl, and it would be inconvenient to many membera were we to enter on a fourtli, I will proceed at once to tlie iin|)ortant (loints of the subject. I concur generally with the Coniniiitee in ilie views which tliey have this year taken of the tubject of Irnniigratiun; and I fully concur in the opinions so generally rxpreued by the im-nibers now present, uf the obligations which we are under to the Right Reverend I'relate, tlie Chairman of the Coiiiniittee, for the great attention which he lias given lo lla> subject, and ihe ability niili uliicli he lias treateolh on his own account, and as agent for Mr. Marshall. Certificates may, I will readily allow, have been forged, and various sorts of imposition resorted to, in order to deceive the t>ounly agents in respect to the nges or callings ofditti-rent indivicUials seeking passages to New i^outii Wales ; but there wns one reguljtioii, at least, in respect to wliicli they could not have been deceivetl, and whatever loss may have accrued to them from inattention to this regulation must be attrihutetl to their own carelessness or avarice. The regulation which I allude to is that wliicli regards unmarried women. It would, indeed, be unrea- sonable to make the bounty agents responuible for the virtue of every unmarrieMeli of Sir Uauig* Gi|i)i«. Ml 8 reasonable in iMir expectations, and seem to think that those wlu> may be called the very cream of the Ubouring po|>ulation of the United Kingdom are ready to emigrate, and wait only for an invitation to come to this colony. Such people forget altogetlier that, though even the frugal and the industrious may sometimes at home feel the pressure of the times, tlie disposition to emigrate is generally most strong amongst persons of a different description. Whether emigration from EiigUnd be conducted by bounty agents or by the Immediate agents of government, all wo can in reason expect is to obttin fair samples of the class of persons amongst whom tlie desire to emigrate is strongest : if the disposition to emigrate be stronger amongst artisans or labourt-rs of one class than of another, then we roust expect to have more of that class ;* and in tlie same way if the desira to emigrata be stronger in one part of the United Kingdom llian another, a% for instance, stronger in Ireland than in Scotland or iu England, then shall we assuredly get mora Irish than either Scotch or English ; and I cannot expect tlwt the government will ever interfere to show fiivour or disUvour to persons of any class or district. Tlie disposition to emigrate is the only tiling, or, at any rate, the chief thing, that tlie government will look to. If we want immigrants possessed of any peculiar quuifications— Protestants rather than Catholics, or Scolcnman rather tlian Englishmen — we must send our own agenu to select tliMn; and this brings me to what I just now alluded to as the excepted case^ or the case in which I would propose still to retain the bounty system in its actual shape. When persons resident in tlie colony require labourers for their own purposes, I would still propose to give them permission to import them, and to receive bounties on them as heretofore. They sliouUI, however, first satisfy the local government tlmt they do want them bona fide for their own use, and tliat they will employ them on their arrival. Con> sequently, the government would be at no expense whatever on account of such immi> grants beyond the bounty payable on them ; and such bounty might, I think, very wcU be reduced to wliat it was prKir to 1840, if not even to a lower amount. Tlie parties waiuiiig such immigrants would, of course, select them in England, Scotland, or Irehmd, by llieir own agcuu ; and I feel saiisnvd that if iinniigraiits of niiy particular qualifications as to country or creed be required, it is only in this manner that a supply of tliem can be ensured. I nocd scarcely observe tlut tliis, moreover, would only be a return to wliat the bounty system was intended to be by Sir Richard Uourke, who was the inventor of it, tlmugh the principle of it was early de|>artfd from ; and even before Sir R. Uourke lefk tlie government, permission to im|iort immigrants on bounty had been given to persons who did not pretend that Uu-y had i-inployim-iit for them. But, genttcnien, tlie iiuiniier in which emigrants may be best procured, and brought to this colony, forms only one portion, and, indeed, but a very small portion, of the questions which are o|)eiH.>d out to us by this year's report of the committee on ininiigration. So long as we liad luoiiey to [wy fur immigrants, it was the only question ; but we now want money as «vell as immigrants, and the variuut ways by which a government may procure money involve many (.oiiiidoratioiis of political economy, whicli, of all the speculations tliat are called science*, in the one in which (htsoiu are most apt to mistake effecu for causes. We liave to do also with tliat braiKh of political economy, namely colonisation, which is the least utidfrduod of any, and in which men of the present day — not ordinary men, but men of u lii)(h rank of intellect— Iwve been led into gross eri'or«,f and by tlie failure of their schemes liave involved nuiny of their followers in dinaster and ruin. It behoves us, therefore, tu bt- cautious how we proceed, and not to ronic to hasty conclusions ; to be distrustful of our own judgineiiiis lest, like others, we find out iK-reaiter iliat we also have been in error. Our position now i«, tliat we want immigrants, btu have no money to pay for them. Why do we want immigrants (* Because the capital of the colony is rapidly increasing, and every interest in it extending itself. Such being tlie case, why have we no money f Simply because tlic funds ort of immigration are derived from the sale ul' land, and at present we can sell no land. So far we are all agreed. Out why, again. * O* rUsie*. tbal is to ssr, equallr eligible iindar the re^lsiiotit of lliit Governmsiii. f Aud, sbo>e sll, iiiio tbc error ui tu|j|)0>ing tbsl colonics csa be sdmntsgcously formed the aid of GoverniDcnl. without do REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 147 '«niniMtt ft«m all '•pwt lO Midb.. MMd UlM •y will ttat of «ioiM lo Mehfck be not > •muf« uu bt > uo« tlw very - thai, ofih* iiflrreni bjr Uw «piM of poailion M-, then migrate Dger in I eitber o tbow M the 'e want >lic%or n; and hicb I dowaMllnoland/ BeeauM^ h is answered, the minimnm price of it baa bMn miied. To NJtW • MTtain extant, also, I will admit this; at least I will not attempt to d«ny that the rise SOUTH WALB& in the minimum price is likely in the present cireumstanoee of the colony to diminish for — a time the ptooeods of the sales of land. But when lAnd Iw the rwwrt of your committee. or by the evidmoe appended to it, that the present depresaetrsuteoYthe colony is attributed mm all parts of it to the same rise in the minimum price of land, and that, as by witnesses a remedy for the evils we are suffering, the same witnesses advise a ratum to the old mmimum prioev I cannot go along with them, notwithiunding that I know thw speak the opinions of the great majority of the people out of doors, and that those opinions arc^ with one soliUrv exception (that of the Bishop of Australia) entertained also by the members of rtie council which I am now addressing. The JUtress of the flock-masters is attributad to the bet of there being at present no market for their surplus stock, or rather for the annual Increase of their stock; rnd the want of a market, or of a demand for stock, is attributed to the unwUlinmess of ptrsasw to engage in sheep-brming, on account of the rise in the minimuas price of land. That there is an unwillingness at present to embark in sheep- mrming I readily admit, but that such unwillingness can justly be charged on, or ought to have bsen produoed by, the rise in the minimum price of land is the point on which we are to Join issue. I do not think that the distresses under which the colonuU now labour are to be attributed at all, or, if at all, in any more than a very small degree, to the increase in the minimum price of land. I must ask the indulgence of the council whilst I speak upon this subject. I feel the difficulty in which I am placed in thus holding and expressing opinions with so great a minority against me. I know well that it behoves me to be cautious, especially as I may be exposed to the suspicion of seeking lo support my arguments by some portion of llie authority which beloi^ to my sution. I have often, inde«d, felt the inconvenience of the position which I occupy in this council, and which causes any thing spoken by me to be more <«gerly caught at, and perha^w I may say occasionally cavilled at, than if the same nracceded from any other place at the Ubie. Tliis I have particulariy felt when called upon in the course of debate to give unpremeditated opinions on points of importance to the interesu of the colony. At present, however, whether right or wrong, 1 speak advisedly, and after mature consideration. That the colony now is hibouring under serious difficulties must be admitted ; but it does not follow that these difficulties are occasioned by the increased mir.imum price of land. The complaint of tlie graiiers is that there is no sale for their su pius stock, or, in other words, for the increase of their flocks and herds. If this were the case in respect to homed cattle only, it miaht be supposed that it was an actual superabundance of cattle which rendered them valueless, as we know tliat cattle are almost valueless in some parts of South America, where they are killed only for their hides and their tallow. Had Uie depreciation been confined to homed cattle, I should have been inclined to think that such was the true state of the case; but the depreciation is greater even in sheep than in cattle; and, aa it is admitted that the wool of sheep alone will very nearly, if not entirely, pay the whole expense of sheep-farming, and there is not a day in the year in which ready money cannot be obtained in Sydney for any quantity of wool that may be brought to market, it can scarcely be said that there are too many sheep in the colony, or that the depreciation of ahcep is owing to their superabundance. But still people will not buy sheep even at the price to which they are now reduced ; and wliat is the reason that they will not ? It cannot be because land is dear, because land is dtpreciated too, and in fact far cheaper tlwn it was when sheep were dear. It is true that the Government will not sell any land under I2«. per acre, and that it even contemplates the raising of its price to '20«.; but there are plenty of people who will sell land for almost any thing they can get for it ; in fact, they are obliged to sell land, or the sheriff will sell it for them. Land is, in fact, cheaper now than it has been for the Utst five, if not for the last ten, years, and, whatever may be the ultimate effect of raising the minimum price of land, the present depression in the price of stock cannot be attributed to a cause which has not yet taken eflect I liave not the smallest doubt that if any person were to advertise to-morrow for 10,000 acres of land, he would receive offers of three or four times that amouijt immediately, and at prices considerably under lit. per acre. Why, there is not, perhaps, a member of this council who would not be glad to sell land at less than Spasebof Sir Osorna Gip|w. 9lh Sept. 1842. I'it. an acre, except, indeed, tlie The Bishop and myself, who cannot sell land, because we aeitlicr of us have any. The indisposition, therefore, to invest mt ney in sheep or land cannot be caused by the increase in the minimum price. On th^; contrary, instead of lessening the inclination to purchase, its effect ouant rather to be to induce people to purcliaic. If they regarded the minimum price at all, they would say, " Let us buy now while wc can buy dieap; land will shortly be 20s. an acre, and then we shall not be able lo buy." But ir it be not the dearness of land which prevents people from purchasing, neither can it be the scarcity of money, for money is by no means scarce in the colony ; on the contrary, it must be plain to every body that there is plenty of money wherewith to build houses, or to enter into any speculation which promises profit, except sheep or cattle faraiingi The bank returns, moreover, prove beyond dispute, that the quantity of money in the colony is not diminished. Gold and silver have increased within the last two years, and the deposits of individuals have also increased — those deposits which may at the pleasure of individuals be any day withdrawn fur the purposes of investment.^ The gross deposits in the banks are indeed less than they were two years ago, but the diminu- tion is occasioned solely by the decrease in the government deposits, not in the deposits pf individuals; these latter have increased. The present indisposition to buy either land (71.) U « or mmmmum "OWM 148 REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. S ym li of SirUitoiftOipp*. 9ih Stpi. 1842. NBW or itoek eannol therrlbre b« aitribuled either to ih* dcumeM of land or lo th« scarcity oi SOUTH WALES, nioney.* To what, thrn, it it lo be attributed f 1 answer, principally, if not tolfly, lo tho froeral panic which ha» succtwdcit a grnrral nwnia. Ther* it no occasion to go far in search of reasons for the existing dcrunKement of the colony. Wherever a mania for excessive specuhition rages, there surely will follow • season of deprewion t the one, in fact, succeeds the other as naturally as the hot At of an ague succeeds the cold one. It is this general panic which causes people to hold back from purchasing either land or stock ; they liold back, for the most part, in tlie expectation that prices will fall still lower than they now are, some few, perhaps, in the apprehension that the whole colony is really going to min. I need not go at length into all the causes which produced the late mania, or (which is the same thing) brougnt capital li: this colony in excewive quantities between the yi>ars laSA and 1840. Various circumstanc^i conspired during tlwt period to turn the attention of English capitalists to the Auntralian colonies. I will allude onlv to die attractive theories which werr then put forward by the disciples of the Wkkefield school, and to the vauntings of the excessive riches of New South Wales, which are to be found in tlte evi- dence taken before the Transportation Committee of the House of Commons. The real El Dorado was at last said to be found in Australia ; the only question asked was, why people would not come and share in the vast profits we were making, t'dpilal llien began to flow into the colony a great deal foster than it could be advantageously invested. For a lime, however, all lookendon a Hill on Sydney, does not himself transfer his capital : he only makes a bargain with another party, who engages to do it for him ; and that other parly must send merchandiie to meet the bill he draws, or it will be only a matter of account between himself and his correspondent, witlioul any real transfer of capital having been effected. Tlie desire to emigrate to Australia during the years I have mentioned, causing a grout demand fur bills on Sydney, surli hills were drawn, and in order to meet them, vast quan- tities of goods were sent to Sydney, which were never ordered ; in fact the consignmenu of goods were no longer regulated by the state of the market in the colony, or by the demands of the merchants resident in Sydney, but by the denmnd whicli existed in London for bills on Sydney, Hence, enormous quantities of goods were sent lo our market, quantities altugothor disprnportioned to ilie deinaiid ; the bills, however, drawn on account of these goods, were linnu(irf|>ecially of town allotments (or building land) not immediately iiros in our harbour was [luinted lo with exultation ; and it b4>canie a niatler of boast, that we inqiorted more f{oods from Kngland than did the whole empire of idissia. Ami so mallei's went on — consignments increasing, land sales increasini;, government money in the banks increas- ing, and discounts inrreaiing, until the liolluwni>ss of the wlidle syslein was at length exposed. Merchants then liiuiid out that they had gooda which they could no longer sell at any price, or at any crcrily was enormous. Why, the whole country, fur miles, olmosl fur liundreorlion of the capital introduced into the colony during the lust five or hix yearit, whatever slmpe it came in, may hi- considered as already absolutely Inst, and more, I fear, ik going the same way ; nevertheless the cry is, that we want more capital front England, aiiiT that |>art of our distress is owing to our having sent capital out of the • Stt Note (A.), p. 136. cotmtry HKPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. m irciijr ot oMy, 10 o far in mis for onp, in li is ■tock t 'r than y going country to pa^ for emigranu I Capita), I will allow, we do want, but only under certain con- NKW (litionti that i« to my, on condition tlwt the capiulitt, or tlie penon to whom it belongi, tiUUXH WALES, come with it — that he come and form one of ui, and identify himielf with our interetti; — " and I do not doubt tluit any one poMCMed of common prudence, who will do this, will find . J?''**''''^' that Audralia ii not yt- 1 a ruined country. But I detire to lee no capital come liere without '" "« »r<« 0'|>p'- its owner, to be invesunl only in loam or moruaaei, at uiurioui mlereit; let us, rather g,|, }),„,, ig^j than accept luch fatal olferingt, rewlve, one aiul all, to exercise the most untiring industry, .^_H__ and the mmt pinching economy; and let tlrase who cannot aflbrd to hire shepherds go themselves and lend uieir sheep, as did the men who Uisert within a circle traced upon their sands, as to confine the graiiers or wool growers of New South Wales wiiliin any bounds that can be assigned to them— iliat all the |)owcr of the Government would not suffice to brina back, within the limits of the lands which have l>eeii alienated, the flocks and herds which now stray over the boundltss f)lains of Now South \N'ules."* 'Ilie Government will not, it is true, henceforth sell any and at less t'luii 'iOt, per acre ; but it will continue to allow peraons, as heretofore, to deiwsture their flocks on the ungranted lands of the Crown, on easy ttrnis. The refusal to ticll land at a low price iiiny occasion some temporary failing off in our land fund, but tliut it will |Hrinanciit!y dciitruy lliat fund I do not believe. I am entirely opposed to the selling uf large breadths of land' at a low price, for the purpose of raising a temporary revenue. 1 nm un advocate I'ur selling at a coMi|)aratively high price, or not sellin); at all. I do not think hind should be sold, except to persons who hove some intention of improving it ; and for any land tliut is worth improving, 20s. an acre is not too much. Dut it will be askwl, if land in largi" quantities be not sold, how are we to act money with which to pay for iminixrants ? This tjuestion I will answer by onother : wlio are they who want immi- grants the worst i' The r»ply must be — the squatters ; and next to them the parties who received in times |ia»t large grunts of land gratuitously. If the land fund fail, therefore, these are the partiti to whom we must look for funds wherewith to bring immigrants to the colony. The South Australian theory is, that the money obtained by the sale if land should be »peiit ill the importation of labourers, to be employed upon the land which is sold; but this part of it ii iis inapplicable to New South Wales as is llif part which is founded on what may be calUnl the Anti-di»persion principle, the fallacy of which in Austrolia has been so often ex|K)se(l. The South Aii-tialian theory may be applicoble to a country such as has been conjuml up in vLnion, where land is vuhuihle only in proportion to the labour that i« U-slowetl upon it, and where no prt of the lond has been given away grotuitously ; but in New .South Wales liiiid Is valuable for grazing purjioses, without the outlay on it of any luboiirt, whilst labour is required for extensive IracU of other lands which have been given • Despsicli to the Secrilsrv of Slate, dsted 19th December 1840. f Shrpherdi indeed are reortion a* Inair incmta ia pvalar than th« iner t aii of our population, w» should want immigrania, avan though tha Oowmntant wara ncvar again to •ell an aer* of land. 11m> iquattrn oMy not lie, and indrrd I do not think thry arry at tha prvaant momant, in a eondiiion to eontriliute laritrly to tha funda wantad for tha imporution of immigrant*, but thair condition will, it it to br hopad, improva i and aa toon aa tha prrarnt dapmaion or dnpondrncy ihall have pnMrd away, mnh* naw lagulaliona rrapacting tha occupation of Crown land* will be raauirad. Tha iqiuttar* ara now tha most nnmcrou* cla** of our coionitt*; the n'^uatiinff intrrrat i* becoming tha pravailing intcrvat in tha country t *auat- ting i* *upprM, in liou of 6*., which it i* aaaumad tha Oovemment seeka to make him pay ; and if we aod to this, the aiariiinant which ha pay* toward* the main- tenanee of a police bevnnd tha boundariaa of kication, tha amount will be only 2 minimum price and the upset price. 1 think the Government should abstain from bringing large quantitiea of land into tha nuirket, and that the upset price of all land should up regulated by what wan the last selling price of land in the same locality, or of eqiwl value; and if this prinriple were steadily acted upon, it would be of little importance what the minimum might ba. A minimum price, liowever, has the effect of relieving the Government fVom tlie inconvenient pres- turt- which would witlwut it be felt, so long a* the present erroneou* view* reapt-cting the sale of land prevail in tlie colony. Public opinion i* in favour of a low price; tlie eflcer* of tlie (iovrrnmeni, as member* of the |Hiblic, ami partaking of the frvlings uf the public, are in favour of a low price; and under such circumatance*, I esteem it fortunate, tliat the Farliammt of Great Hritain i* about to taka out of my handa a diacretionary power, which I cannot exerciae in a manner to iati*fy my own coiucience, or in the way which I verily believe to be mo*t advantagtiHis to the public, without placing myself in opposition to the witlie* of the colonists, and being obliged constantly to overruh; the opinion* of those ofirers, u|H)ii wliose assistance and cordial co-operation I must mainly rely in carrying on the business of Government. I have no doubt that tha increaae in the mininuim price will ultimitlfly lie found beneficial. Wlit-n the price was raiaed in 1839, firom As. to I2«., the Quantity sold dt-creased, but tli« amount of monev received did nou About HO.OOO acre* of land were *old I;** in 1(130 tluin in IHSH, but Uia money received wa* 10,000/. more; and in IH40 the quantity again decreaaed by 103,000 acrea, whiUt the money again increated by IO,iM)OiL; and these numbers and sum* have reference only to the old |Mms of the colony.* Still it will ba laid that thc«e were year* of ipecuUtion, and I acknowledge that they were. I do not expect that we ttuill tell much land during tlie next two or three year* ; neither should We sell much, even though the price were to ite reduced to five shillings; but af^er a tir ■'• we tliall sell again, for land is wuited for other purposes beside* the leedmg of *heep ; aiiu the land which we do not tell, we mny, in the mean time, in *ome other way turn to profiu What, I confesa, most surprise me, is to find the great landed proprietor* in the That is to sajr, siolutive of furt Phillip. Sir Note (D.), p. 157. oolony REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 151 •nird, bv Sir (iturg* Olpix. 9lh 8«|>U IH-I'i. wlony oppowii lo iIm rio in tkr minimum priow, th« trad«acy of it undoubiMliv bting lo NKW iiMrMM the vaine of iMr own Umfa. WbiUl I cannot compliment ibcm on their clear- 8'JU TH WALES. ■%htedneM, I mwt at any rata honour tlieir patriotiim, for their oppotition lo it can be founded upon no oilier ground than that of apprehemion for the public good. I now coNM lo the point on which I difler more widely than on any otiwr from the Ii<-nort of the Commiltao, — 1 mean the opinion exprcMcd in it, and ttill more itrongly repeated in llir M-reuih of the Retoluliona now before the Council, tliat tome part of the preteiit da- prctaion i« to be attributed to otir having tent out of the coloiiv laroc *umt of money in [wy- ment for immigrantt— by money meaning ca|iilal, tlw worui b«ng uaed tynonymouily. ** During the ImI ftro yeart," taya the Itetolution, " no Ini than 45,544 toula have been iiitrwlHcvd, at a eoti la thaooWny of aiV.MOi:, exelutivrly raited within ittelf, and reniitied to the United Kingdom. Exclutivelv raiaed widiin the eolonv, but in wliat manner raited ?— Not raited by the iiiduttry of the colonitti, nor produoea by traAe in it ; but raiietl bv ihe tale of land, and principally of unimproved laiM. What w« have given in payment tor immigrantt ia land, and that land we have aituradiy not tant out of the colony. We huve rcceivml in exchange for our land Englitb capital, and that capital hat been remitted to ui in the ihape of immi- grantt. " So vaat an effort for to infant a oommunity," ilie Itetolution goca on lo tay, •« could not foil to produce coiuiderabia exhauMion, nor be made without leading to a teriout ■Ute of deprritiun." Now, if we had creatad ihii land bv any eflurt of our own, we might muonablv be expected to foal exhawted after it ; but all thai we have done in retpect to the land hat been to niaature it, and bring it to tale. Moreover, tome portion of it hat been iold in London, and tlie price of it remitted to ut directly in the tliaue of emi|{raiiU i in audi an o|N-ration no one, 1 think, can maintain that there it any tending of capital out of the colony, and yet the effect pro.luced would have been the tame if every acre luul been iold ill London. 'IIh' operation it preciiely tliat of giving land for immigrantt, and it jutt llie tanic (in regard to the point at iitue) at if we liad given a number of acret of land to each emigrant arriving in the cokiny, varving according lo the age or tcx of each. lliit may lie again ckarly exempliSad by uking ilie case of naval or miliury tettleri, who are, in foct, only immioranta of a tuperior or a fovoured claia. Formerly we gave to aach officer, according lo hit rank or length of tervice, a quantity of land varying from 400 to 1,900 acret ; and to long u we did thit, no one tuppotcd that there waa any tending of capital out of the country. Now, inttead of allowing the ofBccr to telect a given quantity of land, we allow him to obtain gratuitoualy a quantity, which it determined, not by the number of acret it containa, but bv anotlier meaaure of value ; no money, however, pattca between the partiet, and no one, 1 beliave, tuppotaa that tliere it any tending of oapiul out of the country. Tlie only difference in llie cate of ordinary imniigranf t it, that in order to avoid the iuconveiiirnce of giving land to the actual iinniig uita, wc allow the intervention of third partiet, and intk-ad of abaolutely bartering lant* - immigrantt, we make ute of tlie common medium with which all tranaactioiM bevond tlwte of timple barter are con* ducted, namely, money. Let ut tuppoae one hundred penont ready to come from England to New South Wales, and that in coniideration of their coining to settle amongst ut, we are to give amongst tliem two thousand acret of land ; the inott simple plan would be to let each of the liundrKl find hit own way to tlie colony, and lo give lo each on hit arrival hit own tiroimrtion of the land, that it to tay, twenty acret ; the next timplett way of doing it would )e for the hundred persons on the one side, and the Government on tlie other, to make a bargain with a third party, who thould receive tlic whole two thouiand acres in return for the trouble and expense of bringing the hundred persons to tlie colony ; this would be a caw of simple barter, and would in principle be just the Haiiie as if the Governnient had barti-red iu land for a cargo ofliortetor for a steain-eiigine; though, had the things im> porte|M. 9ih Sept. 1842. quetiion ii, whether after having done to, and thut given hii money to the Oovernment, it waa or was not for the advantage of the colony tliat the Government thould spend it in the purchase of immigrantti It is allowed that immigrants were wanted, but it is said that the Govcfiiment should have kept the settler's money, and paid for immigrants with other money, which it might have bo.Towed in England. Now, wliat would have been the result if the Government had so done ? Why, Hrst, tliat tlie balances of Government at the different banks would have hern incrensed; and, secondly, that the import of capital, that is to say, goods of every description, from England would Iwve been increased, and conse- quently the mania of speculation which has brought t'^ie colony to its present depressentroversy, supposing it to be a controversy, may be reduced to this question : Has or has not capital come into tlie colonv too rapidly? \ maintain that between the years 1835 and 1840 it did come in too rapidly — more rapidly, that is to say, than it could be profitably employed ; and tliat, consequently, largr. portions of it have been lost. The effect of paying lor the passage of the emigrants out r f the proceetis of the sale of lands has been to reduce pro tanto the quantity of capital com iUg into the colony, and consequently, pro tanto, to reduce the evils arising out of the exMwive importation of capital. If the passage of the immigrants had been paid for by montv borrowed in Knglant*. more capital must have come to Uie colony in the shape of goods, and so much more ?^\ -l must nave been lost. The balance of trade, as it is called, or, in other words, tlie «> ti of imports over exports, having been notoriously very great during tlie last few yiat . i. seemi ic me scarcely {Ktssible that any evil can have arisen to the community during the sanie yea;s from tbt' exportation of capital. In any country where the value of imports greatly exceeds the value of exports, one of two things must be in the course of fulfilment : the country must be increasing in riches, or it must be contracting n debt; it may, however, be doing both things at once, and this is what, I believe, we have been doing in New South Wales. The capital of the colony is rapidly increasing;, but a large portion of it is only lent to the colony by England, and has come in the baneful slwpe of money, seeking for usurious interest, which it will by-and-bye take a large proportion of the wool cf Australia to poy. A colony like New South Wales can, indeed, bear every year a considerable excess of imports over exports without suffering inconvenience : >irst, because the home Government has tc r?mit to the colony every year nearly 300,000/. for the maintenance of its military and convict establishments ; and secondly, because there is (exclusive of money lielonging to loan and trust companies) a great qiuuitity of capital yearly pouring into the colony for the purpose of permanent investment in it^-capital, that is to say, of which the owners come with it. An excess, therefore, of imports over exports to the value of perhaps 500,0«^0t a year would not i-iuail upon us any heavy debt to England; but during the few iast years the balance of trade, as it is called. \:a» ixH'n moii- than tliat ag>iinit us, and it is not to be denied that we have during this time been coittracting a debt to Fliigland— a ik'bt which exists principally in tlie capital of our Knglish banks and loan com|)onies, but also to a considerable extent in private mortgages. 1 come, therefore, to the conclusion that i.i all coses in which the money spent on the inqxirtation of immigrants has been the pro«lucc of Kiiglis'j capital given in exclmnge for our lands, there has ^leen no ex|iortation of capital whatsoever, and that, ev».ii wlivre the r*oney taken ii {laynient for our lands h»s come to us from old settlers, such money must either have be<>n KngliUi capital too, or it must have been prmliicetl by the sale of a Q.-4cripiion of colonial capital, which it was desirable to export, and (he ex|>oriation of wliich does not tend to inqKiverish, but to enrich us. The exchange of wool or any other colonial produce, for immigrants, would indeed lie hurtful to us, if it were carried to such an extent as to prevent our receiving other articles of which we stand in ncvil, as, for instance, Hriiiiih iiuTrhandize of every descripiion, machines, furniture, building materials, tea, sugar, whi-ai, (lour, &e. 8tc. Hut have ue any reason to compldin tlmt these i>r'!rloH have not come into tliceolony in sufficient abuiw (bnce Z On the contrary, is it not beyond oi| us? Have 1 not already shown that the prevent )xani> 's mainly to be attiibuted to till- fact of their having ronie to us so much faster tliiin we wmite«i tliein, tlmt very large proportions of them were actually H'asteossible for a colony to labour under the opiHuite evils, ut lliv !>aine time, of Ith importing and espurtiiig loo much capital ; hut then the cnpitai <'X[K>rted must eonsi> . of Humc articles which it would be desirable tn retain in the colony. If, for invtanri , whilst wc were inqiortiiig articles of luxury — carriages, bottled ole and clu>m{>agiie, or. aliil worse, large quantities of j>oiH>n in the slia|>e of spirituous liquor; — we had Ixn-n Corci-d to exiiort any arii^Ie essential to our own suttenance or comfort, in order (o jiay tor them, we khuuld certainly I <»ve been acting dittt'iiVaiitageously (and it mutt be inilee-h a>''cles under ai)i) ; but so long as we send out of th^ colony article* only wi.'<'h it it deiirable to ex|wrt, and gel, in return for them, immigrants, of whom »e slaned, it does not ap|M>ar fo me tliat we are making any effort tliat ought to lead ;-i exhaustion. 'Iliat individuals, indeitl, have exltnitoteil themselves by buying artirh'S wliicli they did not want, and lund amutig>( t!ie re»t, 1 can hanlly (K-rliap< too often re|H-ut, but tins wax (lie consequence REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. 153 courtc, : M that !')• only Jnent, it |t in the Ihat the other • reiult at the Mt that Iconte- preued I colony consequence of the mania for ipeculation which existed ui'ring the veara from 1835 to 1840 ; jiji^^y which mania itself arose, not from the sending out, but from the pouring in, of capital; SOUTH WALES, the same thing would have happened had Government hoarded lU money, instead of — spending it : and it would have h«en far worse had Government sold iu land, not for ready Speech of moiiev but on credit, 'llie wisest thing for the Government to have done would perhaM Sir George Gipps. have been to have refused to sell land at all ; but gentlemen will, perhaps, remem^r the complaints which were made against me by the people of Port Phillip, for not, as they "'*' ^'f*- '^'*** thought, bringing land fast enough lo market ^■^^^~" As it is, capiul to the amount of 800,U0U/. has been introduced into the colony in the shape of ininiigrants, the most advantageous form in which it can come, instead of coming in some other shape in which capital was not wanted. Immigrants of the labouring class are, in fact, in New South Wales, to be regarded as capital : they are frequently, mdeed, designated as « labour," but erroneoi sly. 'lliey arc the substances out of which labour may lie extracted, and so is a steam-engine; but nobody calls a steam-engine labour, neither are horses or elephants called labour. It may seem paradoxical, but I beli've it true, that it is not desirable for any government to have more money at its command .han is required for its current services. I Believe that far more of the evil which this color y has suffered is to be attributed to our having hoarded money between 1832 and 1838, than to our having spent it since 18.38. I ofken thank God that the money is gone ; for I now have a ready answer for every person who comes to ask me to engage in expensive undertakings, which I had not, so long as we had large balances at the bank. Old Frederick of Prussia, a despotic monarch, saved money for his son ; but that son shot it all away in gunpowder, in making war upon his neighbours ; as the Lord Itishop remarked not long ago, that our own national debt was shot away, or rather, the borrowed money which cau8esal to apply to the purposes of immigration the whole of the money derived, in any sI)u|ks from land, is not so chimerical as many may suppose. This colony Ims Imh'Ii ncnised ot applying to other pur|x>ses than those of immigration large portions (if its land fund; but it may surprise the |H*rsons bv whom these accusations have been put t'ortli, to learn, tliut, ol the wliolo amount derived Ironi the sale of land, since the system of sflliiig land tirst Ixgnii in 18.')2, more ilutn 87 (wr cent, has been spent on immigration, Hii(i ilint a va^tt (leal more than the remaining 13 percent, has been expended in the survey unil sale ot'tlii- land, and in the protection of the aborigines, — objects which are allowed to form riiargcH on tlu' land fund, even prior to that of immigration itself. It is not true, tliert'lorc, tli.il the cdlniiy of New South Wales has applied any portion whatever of its land fund to |)in|n)s.s, tlif •xjRMicf of which ought to be defrayed out of its ordinary revenue; and it in iiiiali, 1 tiiiiik, to be dosired, liiat the groundlessness of the charge which has been made against liic colony should be expoacd.* I have always contended, that the expense of the survey and salt- ut' land, and also (hat incurred for the protection and civilization of the at)origin('s, ai'< It-gitiiimU' charges on iIm- land funil ; but am free also to contend, that if the exij^encifs of the colony he sucii as lo n-quire the expenditure of the whole land fund on iniinigiatioii, it is (luite legitimate, also, to dftray such expenses out of the ordinary revenue. So long as we had a lurge and even »u|h'i abundant land fund, it was proper to defray the exiieiiM's in question out of thai fund, esiwcially as oi ordinary revenue was not then able lo U'ar tlicin ; but iiicumsunu'cs having cliangt^d, oi.r land fund having ceased to be pro- duclivi<, 'vhilst our ordinary ifn-iuic has greatly increased, a dillerent slate of things has arisen, juslilying, and even calling for, a different arrangenieiil. And here I imisl observe that, though I ilo not reckon on selling much land during the next two or threr ytars, lU'idier do 1 look on the land fund as by any means extinct. As soon iw th,- pri-sent (mnic sliali have jMissetl away, and the futility be proved of any attempt f<> reilucc' ill.- iiimJMiiiin pricf of laiui, when |ieo(ilc, in fact, hecoine thoroughly persuaded tliat a liigii jinee will be maintained, then will they begin again lo buy readily enough, and 5ci Note (( .), |), I'lT (71-) *t 154 RKI'OUTS KEFel'ore, but, realizing, perchance, more money. And where land cannot be sold, it muit be rented ; ihe rent* of ull government landt munf b>- rigidly collected, as, above all others, must the (juit-rents. At tli*- preient moment we are paving interest on debenture* at eight |)er cent , wlien nearly an much money in due to us for quit- rents as would enable us to [my them off. 'i'his state of ihiiig* must not continue; the government cannot allow it. It is not just to those who ivgulaily |>ny their quit-rents; and still less just to those who iMve redeemed their (piit-rents, to allow these debts to rx'main outstanding. Until all other means of providing money for the pur{N)ses nf immigration sliall Imvp been tried, and the insufficiency of tliem proved, I mast declare tliat I cannot, in the conscientious discharge of my own sworn duty (o Her Majesty and to the }ieople of this country, advise Her .Majesty's Ctovernment to anlhori/e the i .tising of any larger loan for the service of this colony than may be necessary I" equalize, from year to year, tlu> supply of immigrants, so as to relieve the local government, as far bh possible, from the inconvenience of uncerlaintv in respect to the number of immigrants to be exjx'ctetl in any yiir. 1 do not say, gentlemen, nor Imve I ever said, that I am abtHilutely oppa^ed to a loan. Should the capital of the country go on increasing, and should we still sell no land, 1 think a loan would be justifiable ; U-cause, as I have already said, the want of labour is pro^wr- tioni>d to the increase of capital, of which increase llie ^ale of land is no i have luvome '.lie Hvslem of the colony, iiut when we talk of a loan, n is essential to it^'ar in mind, tliai liiere must 1)1' two partii-s to it — there must be a lender e)ir u natiinil proportion to the rale of profit in the colony, I doubt wlietln'r it «iill, for a number of year, comedown t-i (ice or even nix jx'r cent. ; and to borrow money tit any rate of interest beyond live )>er cent, would lianlly Ih- advisable iiiider any circunwtances. We n,, -', therefore, look lo the Kiiglish <':ipitalist ; and wfmt inducements have we i u ofler to him.' Is it the way to induce Ifim to lend us money In Im" constantly crying out iliat we are ruined; tliat thiniss are conn- to surli .» pass, (hat it is aljaoltileiy !>ettcr to ho Mrilhoni proi>ertv tlmn to liave iti* Da we take the pio|i«'r means to niduce (x-ople lu lend ih iln>ir money, when we deol ire. day ufter day, lliat we cannot compete in the Enpii'^h market with the Saxon wool nrnwer. notvtith- standliig we depasture our flocks u|Mn Criwn l.tiid, at only u nominal rem, and have a prot«'tion in the sliape of i\ discriminating duty of a j)eimy on every pound of our wool .' Whether from the inferiority of the soil, or from the inleriority of the |ieople, we tin not say ; but we declare that we cannot do it. An- stateinent.', iuch as these, I will .isk, likely to induce people to lend iis their motey ; — put forth, moi.-ovei, as they are, no? bv the ignorant multitude, who lake their impressions from the events of the immieiit nut merely by ne»»paper corres|>fiinient8 or perioiiicul writer*- -but gmvely announced in ihij council bv the sages of the lan'i ' I apprehend lliut the capitalist* ol Kiiglaml will not )>e very neady to lend n» their money so long as this Klrwin be conlinuefl Itut it witi iie wiul, that the guaranttH< of the Home (jovernment may !>e obtained, ami I'lat then ev.«ri| filing will go on njiootliiy. I grant shat the gimraiile<' of the Home < iovernniefit «../i/ lie obtained, and, if absolutely necessary, I trust that it will ; hut ugair lei me a*i(, tlti ue go the right way to obtain it or any other assistaiiee from the Home t •overnmeix ' i mi we expert the Home Ciovi-nunent lo l>»> very ready to give us their asttatanre, wfjeti t^erv ihitig they do or attempt u» do ii»r u» is construe*! into evil ,■' No iim»-.>-> wliet'ier ,i li<. I.rd John KuHsell, or I.,ard Stanley that \» in office, e\' < ili.i. -t«>iM> is denounct'd as injurious lo the coii.ny, an*) evi-n as inieitded to injure ii ; w(»it ,■• .ttaied, us it was no longer ago tlutii y<-«terdav m Un* council, tliaf ther<' is mimh' wiiistei inrtuence at work behind the scenes, some ijee|> 'lesign lo l>ring tlMs colony to ruin. Mid ttiat tite government lends a willing ear lo iIk designer' ' 1 will not say licit the statesmen whose names I have i)K>Mione-ie!v cot.-. i.- .mv article of my faith, lliat nolhing affecting the colony has Lv-n iloiie . e rrnlly be asknl, what ctH-urity have we to give/ I believe tlint we have very ample sernini) ii.it the uniold lands of the colony, if pioperly administ*-r<-.^ which experience forbids me to ex- pect the Government would ever be able to enforce ; and a vast number, too, of deferred paytuenbi, which I fear the Government would never be able to collect. It should be borne in mind that the grants, which are called free or gratuitous in thia colony, were not professedly gratuitous when they were made ; that they involved a variety of conditions, sucn as those of seitlemei^t, cultivation, and payment of quit-rents, and in ' many cases of other deferred payments, which the Government hu in very rew instances been able to enforce. I will ask the Colonial Secretary and the Auditor-General, who are here present, what the experience of Government is in respect to :h.ese deferred payments')' Why, that even the quit-rents are collected with the greatest difficulty, and at an expense which makes it hardly wortli while to collect them, notwithstanding that the security for their duo payment is as ample as any that can be shown by the proprietor of Belgrave- square for the payment of his ground rents. And if such be the cose in respect to quit-rerti and of otiier rents, such as those, for instance, of the leases granted in the time of Sir Thomas Brinbane, all of which are due on lands situated in the older parts of the colony, and comparatively near the seat of government, how much more difficult would it be to collect dues arising out of lands situate hundreds of miles off, extending from Darling Downs to the Bogan, and from the Bogan to Corner Inlet Any government that attempted to enforce deferred payments of this nature would certainly he defeated ; the whole strength of the colony would be arrayed against it. For these ret sons, therefore, I think no de- pendence is to be placed on a revenue to be raised by deferred payments, or, in other words, out of lands sold or given on credit. The only sur; system which the Government can go on is that of sale for ready money. I beg also very distinctly to state, that I held these opinions long before I had any knowledge of an Act of Parliament, which, there is every reason to suppose, has already passetl, and which, it passed, must entirely prevent tlie carrying into effect of the plans of the Lord Biuliop. The proposed Act of Parliament is not confined to the ^.:^ing of a minimum price below whir'.i no land shnll lie sold ; there are otiier provisions in t, such as, first, that all land sh'.ll be sold by auction ; secondly, that it shall be sold only hr ready money; and, thirjly, thut no land shall he let on lease for any period longer than 12 months. It wi'i scarcely, therefore, be prudent to rest our hupes on a plan which proceeds on principles directly opposed to such an Act of Parliament. But tlie Act of Parliament, it may be l. ' I, will he repealed. So it will, I have no doubt, if, after a fa'r trials it be found <.o work uadly ; but I am equally certain that it will be allowed a fait .'.rial; aiid for such a trial I do not think timt four, five, or ev(, it would be most imprudent in us to rely upon any scheme which cannot be carried into effect whilst the Act remains in force. Before I conclude, I must say a few words more respecting the squatters. It has been i<viouslv does the squatting system act to prevent the sale of crown lands, that ilie late Secretary of Slate, in a despatch ..hich has been laid before the council*, pointed out the propriety of riiisiiig the price of a licence to depasture stock beyond the Ixiundnries to five or sis times it* present uniouiit. Nor was his Lordship prompte.cnt as far us his Lordship's suggestion would lend us; hut i am satisfied tlmt whilst it is desirable, on the one hand, lo improve the tenure of the squatter in every wuy in which it can be done without indis])osinum» brought iu by immigraott, it muil bare been more in 1842 than in 1841. RsTuiM of the Amoi NT of DiroiiTs in the Bank* of the Colony (colleccirely), during the , Fint Quarter of the Year 1841, and the Second Quarter of 1842. Toul amount of the areraf(e depoaitt, a« giren in the bank relurnt, made under the Act uf Council, 4 Vict. No. 13 • Deduct government depoail*, belonging to the military chest and colonial treasury . . • . ■ • Deposits of iodiriduols • • • £ Quarter ending SluUanih 1841. £ *. d. 1,123,636 14 1 262,036 - - 861,600 14 I 30th June 1842. £ t. d. 965,785 14 4 65,891 - - 899,894 14 4 I Note Itopay tct of ■•lation V land lumber In they Tiin or iKlling enon in no Nion of pn tha jiointe- e»en avem- )1 will, (but as ;ht of |wam- BU'on REPORTS RELATING TO EMIGRATION. Note (E) RiTVHN of Lamp sold in the Colony of Ntw South Walbi, in the Yean I83f, 1830, and 1840. 15T K. B. — The roinimuin prie* wm raiwd ftom ji. to lit. in 1839. Yum. COUNTRY LAMD& TOWN ALLOTMENTS. COUNTRY LANnS AND TOWN ALLOT^iliNT8. Aorw, PriM p*T Aort. Sun. Aern. IVice p*!- Acre. Sum. Aern. Prioc ptr Aera. 8U3I. £ .. . d. A. ■. p. £ >. i. £ : d £ 1. ii,is» a II 185 3 36 17 7 4 3,928 13 5 978,i09 - 5 74 78,387 19 4 1839 198,198 - 8 1} 80,83« 7 5 331 93 39 - 111 6,714 9 3 198,499 - 8 9J 87,550 9 8 ii] IS40 94^78 - IS l| 69,360 .' 10 SIS 1 35 69 3 7} 35,518 13 9 95,391 1 - 6| 97,878 19 7 I8SG 38,6JS - IS 9 95,487 17 !) 41 I 19 91.3 11 7| 8,896 5 4 38,694 - 17 91 34,414 3 1 ^ \ 1839 38,983 1 11 11 61,103 14 6 65 1 8 137 19 - 9,008 2 8 38,348 I 16 6} 70,110 17 2 iJ 1840 89,730 1 19 11 136,367 15 8 169 9 16 487 16 9 83,733 10 - 89,899 1 9 13 10 919,100 5 8 ^ •..' .:- Note (C.) Receipts and Exfendituee of the Land Fund of New South Wales, from 1832 to 1842. Grou proceeds of the sales of land, of erery description, from the beginning of £ s. d. the Year 1832 up to the present time ..... 1,090,58317 2 Amount actually paid during the same period, on account of immigration into the colony from the United Kingdom * • - - • • 951,241 17 4 -, Diflerence . Amount paid within the same period on account of the surrey £ t. d. of land, and the expense of bringing it to sale . - 198,417 17 II Amount expended during the same period on the protection and cirilimtion of the Al trigine* ... 63,097 2 - jg 139,341 19 10 Exrets in rxjienditure over receipts, or the amount which has been paid out of the ordinary rerenue of the colony - - • - 261,514 19 1 jC 122,173 - I Compiled from a Return by the Auditof'^neral of the colony, dated September 7, 1842. * Being more than 87 per cent, of the whole amount received. (71.) IHN^tQH I f^ A 'A 1