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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fi>m6s en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une e>npreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui somporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: !e symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRf ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvem dtre filmds d des taux de r6duction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est ^rop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de rangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rrata to pelure. n a □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I '4 •<** i i.« ^ Auctioneer, Eeal Estate and Lumbermen's Agent and General Oommiasion Mer- cliant, No. 43 RiD EAU S treet, Ottawa. RKFEnixORs:— Tlon. Jiimes SkcaJ, Senator, Ottawa; J. M. Cnrriar, Esf|>iire, M P-, J- A. Grant. Esquire. M.l)., .M.l>.. It. \V. Scott. Ksqu.ro, M.P.P., Mr. Sheriff Powell, PMwarJ Griflin, Esquire, Edward McGillivray, Esquire, Messrs. C. T. Rate & Co.. Thomas Ilunton, Esquire, Messrs. Fingland A Draper, Ale.vander AVorkman, Esquire, P.A.Eglcson, Sen., Esq. ^ a\ -^'^ >*, ^ CITY HALL SQUARE, OTTA."WA.. The Best Cormnereial Hotel in the City, CENTRALLY SITUATED, i^^-And within TWO MINUTES' WALK of the Parliamont I3uil(iiiigs.''4a^ Tills Hotel having boon TiioKouGiri,Y Rexovated, ViKitor-s may deiwnd upon receiving cvory comfort and accommotlation. Omnibusses and Active Porters to oarr7 Passengers to and from the Cars a,nd Boats. ^^~A GOOD LIVERY STABLE ATTACHED. AEMSTRONG- BEOTHBES, Proprietors. OTTATWA. PAST AND PRESENT. BRIBF ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST OPENING VP OP THE OTTAWA COUNTRY, AND INCIDENT.^ IN CONNECTION WITH THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF OTTAWA CITY, AND PARTS ADJACENT THERETO, ^f -BT- k CHARLES ROGER, Av^or of the ** Jiite of Catiadafrom Jiarbarism id CHviUsation," (^Uama : rnWUb roR TUB I XOPBIBIORS BT THE TIHB9 I BINTJXQ A PirniroHIXO (OMPAiry, WKLLINGTON tTilenteousness on which poverty hopes to feed. Here, on the whole, there is a general com- fort, and cases of extreme distress are rare, and sel- dom of long continuance. No amount of general prosperity can have th^ elfect of extoriniuating vice, iind vicious habits will, even in the face of a general advancement in material comforts, produce their ordinary effects in Ottawa as in other cities. The room for improvement in new countries is, however, so ample, that no industrious man can possibly come to want in them; but, notwithstanding the progress which has been already made, there is, it must be •admitted, still room for improvement here. Ottawa as she is, nevertheless, presents many inducements to industrious artisans and laborers, which other places do not afford to the same extent ; and to the lover of nature, her attractions are almost unsur- passed. If attention be drawn to this city and its neighborhood by anything that has been gleaned for aiul set forth in these pages, the aspirations of the writer will be fully realized, and his pride amply gratified, Ottawa, 17tli Nov,, 1871. CONTENTS I CIIAITER I. Acco««lblllty of Capital Cities-Judicious Soloction of Sites for tWnl CItl. » 1 in Canada-€nolco of the City of Ottawa as the Seat of Govorn- mont for Canoda-Rloe Lake-fly town-The Chwdlero Brid 'cv,- The Ooiintoss of DaU,oi«lo-Pope'8 Amusing Account of Itone- IJrldso Bulldlng-Mr. Philemon Wright's Arrival at and Settlement. wi!""T;'^r'' '^'^-'^"b-Ott^^'^a Treading Men-Sir John' Franklin- Honoruhlp liDiiiH Joseph I'apinoau CHAPTER II. :^utural Wealth uf the Otlawa-Tlie Gatineau-Ironslde-The GHImoura- 40 The Rldeau Canal-Oostof the Canal-Looking to Waahin-ton- The old soldier In the Backwoods-Duke of Rlohmond-Stato of Society in Ottawa CHAPl'ER IIL RebelUon Losses Bill-Battle of Stony Monday-Tho "SliinorV'-i Town Cork 64 CHAPTER IV. The Parliament Bulklings-The Prli;;^ ot Wales-Prince Arlhur-Thc W Ball-ThoDecoratlons-Thc Suppcr-The Honorable ThoP. D'Aroy l^IcGce, M. P.-Deaf h of Mr. McQee-Rldcau Hall-Sir John Ri«o —Men of Note CHAI'TER V. Gaol and Court House-A Wooden Allegory-Tho Roman Catholic Catb^ U diral-Ohrist's Church-The Bishop's Chapel-St. Albau'e-Rey. ]M[r. Johnston-Catholic Apostolic Church-St. Joseph's-SL An- drow's, Bajik Streot,r Jietholist, and othQr Churches-Other Public BulkUngs-Itcldental Remarks. mCAPTKR YJ. I *fl»« PreJW-Tlie First Nowspwper publlslied In Ottawa—Tlip Uytown Independentr-Tho Bytown aazettc—Tho Ottawa Advocate— The Packet— Tho Citizen— The Monarchist— Tlio Orange Lily— The Railway Tlnacs— I^ Progrfts— Tho Canada Military Gazette— Tho Banner- Tho DallyNcv^s— The Tribune— Lo Courrlor d'OutaoiialH —ThoTlrae.s— Tho Dally Postr-IiO Canada— Tho Freo PreBS— The Evening Mall— Tlie Saturday RevieAV— The Voluufeer Review. . Poo*. ClJAl'TEU VII. Th? First Hettlement of Ix»wer Town— The Lnml»er Titulc- ReiX)rt of 37 tho MlnlHU^r of Public Works— Slides and IkK)m Stations on the Ottawe River and its IMhutarlcH— riOliroton's Finis— The CImui- dlere— Messrs. llronson &. Weston— Mr. A, 11. Ualdwlu— Mr. J. U. IU)oUi— Mr. E. B. Eddy— Met'srs. I'crley & PatU>c-Mr. Levi Young— McfsrB. V/ right, Batson li Currier— Messrs. Ollinour &. Vo. M«'»tr«. Hamlltcii A Co., &e CHAPTER Vlll. • •oi»«ilu«ion— Ottawa a Field fbr Immigration— Boueliotto's preiilctlon of 121 Canaila'a Putitre— FlnlB. Addenda. 21 I ^1 Ijttiuita: ;jasi aiul :\uuni. CHAP. I. Aocesslollity of Capital Cities— Jntlicious Selection of Sites for first Cities in Canada— (^liioice of the City of (3tta\'-a as the Seat of Oovernmeiit for Canada— Riee Lake— itytowii— Tiie Cliaudlore Bridges— The Countess of Daihoiisic— PoDo's Anmsii.g Aeeoun' of Rope-Uridgo Building— Mr, Philemon W'riglit's Arrival at and Settlement of Hull— The JMoNab— Ottawa Leading Men— Sir John I'rankiin— Honorable Louis Joseph Papiueau. HE capital city of any country sliould, it might ^reasonably be supposed, be as centrally situated ix^^as circanisiances will permit. It shculd be "^^ however, readily accessible on all sides. It should be, if possible, a hub of roads ; and water communication with it should be easy. For the safety of the public records the capital city of any country should be interiorily situated rather than placed upon an exposed frontier, and even for public convenience the machinery of government should be as equidistant from one extremity as from another. There are some exceptional cases to this rule. For instance, the chief city of Russia is certainly not centrally situated, but is placed in such a i3osition as to make it readily accessible by sea during peace, inaccessible during war, and, on tJio land side, so far removed from tho frontier as to he. only capable of attack aftor a V(M-y largo i^oraon of tlie country- was completely tubdued. On the first settlement of Canada, the nuclei of future cities were most judiciously selected, Quebec, CAPITAL CITIES. strong by nature and improvable by art, was situa- ted on a promontory at the confluence of the river St. Charles with the St. Lawrence, at a point where the St. Lawrence forms a basin in which the navies of the world might ride, at the foot of 2,000 miles of internal navigation, being a port of shipment for all the industries and natural products which these countries, situated on the borders of inland seas, afford ; Montreal, at the head of ocean navigation, was, like Quebec, at the confluence of two rivers, the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence, but, unlike Que- bec, navigation upwards was impeded for hundreds of miles by obstructions which art only could re- move ; Frontenac, now Kingston, was situated on Lake Ontario, which, as Hennepin tells us, was called by- the Iroquese, Kanandario, which means " very pretty lake," and where the deep clear waters of that most safely navigable of all the great lakes of this continent, the source of North America's chiefest natural wealth, are gathered into a very nar- row outlet ; and Niagara was selected in a military point of view, to protect those who were designed to interrupt the traffic between the hidians of the Far West, and the Hollanders of New York and English of Massachusetts. It was not until after the conquest of Canada by England that the seat of Grovernment was removed to Toronto from Niagara, when, oddly enough, all the larger towns or cities of Canada were found to be equidistant from each other — Quebec was 180 miles from Montreal, Mon- treal 180 miles from Kingston, and Kingston 180 miles from Toronto. Steam, Armstrong guns, and i: 1 lill SELECTION OF SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. 8 a change of circumstances, bronght about by the conquest of Canada, somewhat altered in a military- sense, the positions of these towns as protective points for Canada. Of them all, Quebec alone, was unapproachable to the only enemy, whose enmity could be apprehended. But even that fortress be- came not altogether trustworthy as steam, on land and water, became a more potent means of trans- port, and, when a seat of Government was wanted for that " vast country in America, extending about 4,000 miles," as Hennepin tells us in 1698, Ottawa was pointed out, by the most sagacious man in Eu- rope, as Lord Brougham styled him, Arthur, Duke of "Wellington, as the most fitting place to become the seat of Government, not for Canada only, but for British North America. The choice of the new capital was approved of by the Queen, and, to-day, Ottawa is the seat of Gov- ernment of a Dominion extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans, being the second maritime power, in a commercial sense, in the world, and cov- ering an area more extensive than the United States occupy, larger than that of Russia, and capable of affording food and active employment to the multi- tudes, as yet, oppressed by poverty combined with unceasing labor, noi in England only, but in all the countries of Europe, from the Baltic to the Medi- teranean. By the way, Bouchette, in his Topography of Canada, describing Rice Lake, makes this observa- tion: •' The exposed situation of York, now Toronto, A RICE LAKE AND BYTOWN. the Capital of the Province of Ontario, has frequent- ly suggested a removal of the seat of Grovernment to some more defensible spot, and Rice Lake has not injudiciously l^een mentioned as offering superior advantages under that aijpect. llice Lake could easily be connected by a ship canal with Lake Ontario, and the capital being thus removed from the immediate frontier, and covered by the rising ground between the two lakes, which might be made a very effectual secondary barrier of defence, would be less open to invasion, and, therefore, bet- ter calculated to be the depository of the public archives and records of the Province." The advantages possessed by llice Lake as a seat of G-overnment for Ontario, are eminently those pos- sessed by Ottawa in her position as the seat of G-ov- ernment of Canada. She has a canal connecting her with Ontario ; she has more a direct river com- munication with Montreal, and she has railways running to the St. Lawrence over a country which certainly might be made " a very effectual second- ary barrier of defence." In 1828 Ottawa '^.ontained 150 houses; now she has 7,250. Bouchette thus speaks of By town in 1828, which in 1854 became Ottawa : " Bytown, in Nepean, is situated on the southern bank of the Ottawa, a little below the beautiful Falls of the Chaudiere, and opposite the flourishing vil- lage of Hull, in Lower Canada. It stand^s on a high and bold eminence surrounding Canal Bay, and oc- cupies both banks of the canal; that part lying to the east being called the Lower, and that to the west, from a superiority of local elevation, the Upper Town. The streets are laid out with much regu- larity, and C'f a liberal width that will hereafter contribute to the convenience, salubrity, and ele- I 1 B gance OLD BYToWX, X of the place. The number of houses now built is not far short of one hundred and iifty, most of which are constructed of wood, frequently iu a style of neatness and taste that reflects great credit upon the inhabitants. On the elevated banks of the Bay, the hospital, an extensive stone building, and three barracks, starid conspicuous ; and nearly on a level with them, and on the eastern !^ide of the Bay, is delightfully situated, the residence of Colonel By, the commanding Royal Engineer on that station. From his verandah the most splendid view is beheld that the magnificent scenery of the Canadas atlbrds. The bold eminence that embosoms Entrance Bay, the broken and wild shores opposite, beyond which are seen part of the flourishing s. ttlement, and the church of Hull, the verdant and picturesque islands between both banks, and tlio occasioinil canoes, barges and rafts plying the broad surface of the Grand E-iver, or descending its tumultuous stream, are the immediate objects that command the notice of the beholder. In remote perspective the eye dwells upon a succession of varied and beautiful bridges, abutting upon precipitous and craggy rocks, and abrupt islands, between which the waters are urged with w^onderful agitation and violence. Beyond them, and above this level, the glittering surface of the river is discovered in its descent through the broad and majestic rapid Des ChSncs, until the waters are precipitated in immense volumes over the verge of the rock, forming the falls of the Great and Little Chaudiere. From the abyss into which they are involved with terrific force, revolving columns of mist perpetually ascend in refulgent whiteness, and as they descend in spray beneath a glowing sunshine, frequently form a par- tial but bright iris, that seems triumphantly to over- arch a section of the bridge. The landscape of the Union Bridges, although not taken exactly from this enchanting spot, may convey some idea of the scope and si>lendour of the prospect which we have at- *i UNION BRiDGEFf. fiii tempted briefly to describe, and partly secure to it that admiration to which it is so richly entitled." In the present, one can imagine the past. The Islands near the union bridges, or on which, proper- ly speaking, they rest are now covered with factories — that of Eddy which are of nniversal illuminating power — his matches being the best which the world has seen — being the most important ; the saw mills of Messrs. Perley and Pattee, of Capt Levi Young, and of Wright, Batson & Currier, of Bronson & "Weston, and of A. H. Baldwin, which deserve and will receive more particular mention hereafter. Now there is but one union bridge, the suspen- sion one, constructed and designed by that most able of Canadian engineers, Keefer in 1849, through which the boiling waters of the great Chaudiere kettle pass ; but at the time when Colonel Bouchette wrote there were a truss bridge of 117 feet in length Ity 30 in width ; a small wooden bridge, over a deep chasm; a wooden bridge 160 feet long; a truss bridge 212 feet long and 30 feet wide ; a wooden bridge 180 feet long, and two stone arches built of cut limestone. These latter still remain to connect the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and time will yet do more in obliterating all distinctions between the different provinces of the Dominion than a mere Suspension Bridge could reasonably be expected to effect. Of the existing bridges in Colonel Bouchette's time, the topographer informs us, more particularly, that the chain consisted of four principal parts, two of which are truss bridges, overarching the chan- mmtii0mm0mmm FIKST CHAUDIERE BRIDGE. uols, unsupported by piers ; a third is a straight wooden bridge across the lost channel ; and a fourth built in dry stone, with two cut-limestone arches, and partly in wood. The truss bridge over the broadest channel is 212 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 35 or 40 feet above the surface of the stream. Its construction was attended with considerable diffi- culty, it being impossible to moor rafts in the chan- nel owing to the depth of the water and the extra- ordinary swiftness of the current, as it passes in whirling eddies from the foot of the Grreat Kettle. Another expedient was therefore resorted to, and a hempen bridge, consisting of four three-inch haw- sers or cables was swung across the river, forming an inverted segment, the lowest point of which stood about seven feet above the dark and swift stream ; whilst its extremities were elevated up- wards of 32 feet abutting upon the perpendicular limestone walls of the channel. It admitted with safety of the passage of pedestrians, although the attempt, with the unpractised especially, was not made without some consciousn*iJs of danger. "We cannot, says the gallant Colonel, ijorbear asssociating with our recollections of this picturesque bridge, the heroism of a distinguished peeress, the Countess of Dalhousie, who, we believe, was the first lady who ventured across it. The late Mr. Charles Pope, of the Board of Works Department, in his " Incidents of Ottawa City" thus amusingly describes the difficulties atten- dant upon the making of the first bridges at the Chaudiere : — g L)RD D-VLHOU^IET, COfi, X)rNFORI) AND CO! . DY, " III the meantime, the iirst bridi^-e over the Ot- tawa may occupy our attention, and the modun operandi will serve to recall to mind the persevering^ spider ulluded to in history. It appears that until the autumn of 1827 the present capital was a wil- derness, when Lord Dalhousic, Colonel Dunlbrd, Colonel By, and several other gentlemen, arrived at Hull for the purpose of deliberating on the proposed construction of the Jlideaii Canal. They assembled on a rock near the northerly end of the present Union Suspension Bridge, with the view of consider- ing the propriety of first constructing a bridge over the Ottaw^a, which would facilitate operation?* on the Canal. They then retired to the house of Squire Philemon Wright, and finally came to the conclusion to commence the bridg'e immediately. Two days afterwards operations were begun — car- penters, masons, and quarry men being hired on the spot. The centres for the first arch nearest Hull were soon put up, and in a few weeks the rubble stone arch was completed ; but on taking out the centres the whole arch gave way and fell. Nothing daunted, however, another attempt was made, and with the experience of the past, centres w^ere built and the arch constructed in the same locality. The arch was composed of dry hammered stone, without mortar, and it remained perfect after the removal of the centres. The second arch was built by Phile- mon "Wright and Sons, under contract : thus the workmen were enabled to commence building the bridge over the main channel — a very difficult task in those days. In order to obtain communication with the op- posite bank. Captain Asterbrooks, of the Artillery, took one of the brass cannon down to the rocks, near w^here the end of the bridge would naturally be, so as to fire ofl" a rope across the channel — 240 feet wide — to Chaudiere Island, For the first trial a halt ^nch rope was used ; but the force of the powder cut it. The exx^erimeiit was repeated, but wmmm I THREE MEN DROWNED. 9 with the same result. It was then suggested by- one of the workmen to try an inch rope, which was approved, and on its being carried out was found successful ; lur it was landed a hundred feet on the island. Having secured it at both c'uds the work- men were enabled to haul over larger ones. A trestle ten feet high was then erected on each side of the channel, and two ropes stretched across over the tops of these trestles, and fastened at each end to the rocks ; the ropes were allowed to be slack in order to have greater strength The next step was "^o have a foot passage to allow the workmen to communicate with each other and with this object the ropes were placed four feet ax)art, and properly planked over. A rope hand-rail on each side, made the crossing perfectly easy. Ch.ins were then placed across over trestles in a similar raanner, and planked on the top, until the planking from each shore reached within ten feet of joining in the middle, when the chains broke and precipitated the workmeii and tools into the channel. Three men were drowned, and the others swam ashore. This checked further progress for a short time. A scow, about one hundred feet long and thirty feet wide, was then built, and anchored to a point of rock where the bridge was to be locat- ed. Stronger trestles, made of heavy timber, were erected, and two eight-inch cables procured and laid across the channel over these trestles, and properly secured to the rocks at each end. Then the build- ing of a wooden bridge was commenced, in accord- ance with a plan approved by Colonel 3y. The work progressed very favorably, and with the as- sistance of screw-jacks, placed on the scow below it, was kept up to its proper level. In the course of the summer the bridge was brought nearly to com- pletion, when the prevalence of a gale caused the whole structure to turn over up stream, against the wind. The two cables, before mentioned, held it until they were chopped off with axes, notwith- 2 A 10 KIIIHT HTEAMHOAT ON THK O'lTAWA. standing the great force of the current ; and thus '• the whole affair moved majestically down the stream" as far as the present entrance of the Rideau Canal. This caused, of course, another delay. It is related of Mr. Drummond, the chief workman, that he shed tears at this unlucky event. The next move was to build another bridge on the same plan. On this occasion two large chains were employed, made of one and three quarter inch round iron, in links of ten inches long, which were put over the trestles, and in the same place that the rope cables were removed from, having been se- cured like the former to the rocks on each side of the channel. The mode of constructing this work was similar to the preceding, save that the scow below was dispensed with, as the chains were suffi- ciently strong to support the whole fabric. After a delay of some months, the bridge was finally completed, and stood the travel for about 12 years, when it, too, followed in the wake of its pre- decessors. The channel being once more left with- out a span, communication was had by means of ferriage until 184S, when the present magnificent structure was commenced, which is now an orna- ment to the capital." In 1819 the first steamboat plied upon the Otta- wa. She was named the " Union of the Ottawa " and was, literally, a cribbed, cabined, and confined affair, so far as the comforts of passengers were concerned. Slow in speed, ugly in appearance, small in size, and with no deck berths, this steamer, nevertheless, formed an era in the history of the Ottawa settlements and contributed materially to their acceleration. Her success was such that she was bpeedily followed by another steamer, "con- siderably larger and affording very superior accom- modations." Since then what changes have taken STEAMER CiUEEN VICTORIA. n place in the way of Jiavigation between Grenville and the City of Ottawa, to which Hull, then the destination of steamers from Grenville, is now a mere tributary suburb ? The steame" Queen Victoria, speedy and most elegantly furnished, with spacious saloons, and state-rooms, and a most comfortable cabin, commanded by the able and gentlemanly Captain Bowie, takes the chief rank among the nu- merous passenger, freight, and towing steam-vessels with which the waters of the Grand River are now covered. The Indian and his canoe have long since disappeared on this part of the Ottawa River, if 0. very occasional exception be made of some party of Outtaowacts, coming to the City with moccassins or purses, decorated with beads, for sale ; and long lines of barges, loaded with deals, have entirely su- perseded such rude *' ships" as the Griffin of 60 tons, built under circumstances of much discouragement by M. de LaSalle, near the " Streights of Lake Erie, during the winter and spring of 1679." Indeed, the Ottawa country now offers one of the most promis- ing fields for colonization to be found in the Domin- ion ; and is being rapidly settled. Forty-three years ago the total population on the northern shore of the Ottawa river, westward, from the west bounds of Argenteuil, did not exceed 5,869 inhabitants, a popu- lation of Irish and Americans, some English, more Scots, and a few families of French Canadians. Now the City of Ottawa alone, which is opposite to what a quarter of a century ago was styled, as if in irony, " the flourishing town of Hull", contains nearly 30,000 inhabitants, and the whole country around is i 12 MR. rillLEMoN WRKJTIT. a being rapidly improved by a chrivint?, energetic, and progressivo (ilass of fanners, with whom reap- ing-machines are in use, and all the latest agricul- tural improvements, if steamploughing only be ex- cepted. Colonel By, to whom the construction of that "stupendous undertaking" the Rideau Canal was in- trusted, was indeed the lounder of the town named after him, which was created a city and called Otta- wa in 1854, but the opening np of the Ottawa country is more particularly due to Mr. Philemon Wright, an American gentleman, born in Woburn, Massachasetts, but whose parents came from Kent, in England ; and to the Highland Chief McNab, than to the enterprising and talented officer of the lioyal Engineers, under whose direction the canal, which connects Ottawa with Kingston, was completed. Mr. Wright had resided in Massachusets for thirty-six years, pursuing the occupation of farming and grazing, before he thought of making Canada his home. Then, he tells us, (in l7lM) he came to Montreal in Canada, to explore the country being determined to change his residence into Canada, "having a large family to provide for." He gives the following account of the first settlement of Hull, which, although in the province of Quebec, is so connected with the City of Ottawa by the manufac- tories of the Chaudiere as to be'^ inseparable from it, before a Committee of the House of Assembly of Lower Canada, in December 1820 : time in exploring the After spending some countrv, I returned to Woburn came •y birth, and in 1797, I the place of my ain to Canada, and Tvm, WRIOIIT KXPIiOREH THK OTTAWA. 13 visUod Que})(^c ; I then viewed the country on both sides of the St Lavvrenc*;, the whoh; of the distance from Que)>ec to the Grand liiver, in the township of Hull, taking some time to explore and examine the country, but more particuhirly the parts ])ordoring on both sides of the Ottawa. I also particularly ex- amined the said river, as respects navij^ating it, with the advanta<^es and disadvanta<^es atttMiding a lU'w settlement in that country. Alter spending some time in the above pursuit, I returned home to Wo- burn." " In the year 1798, I came again to obtain further inlbrmation, as regards tlie local situation of the lands on the Ottawa, or (jrand liiver; which having done, I returned to Masssichusetts, with a determination to commence a settlement on its fer- tile banks. I endeavored to hire some axemen but cor Id not succeed, in consequence of the great dis- tance, having to go eighty miles beyond any settle- ments, as was the situation of the country bordering on the Ottawa at that time." " This part of the country has immense re- sources in fine timber, not only merchantable, but for makinj ashes, sufficient to furnish great supplies for any foreign market, even to load a thousand ves- sels. This part of the country was unkno\Nni cr un- thought of to the inhabitants of Montreal, except the North West company, whose interest it appeared to be to keep the said country in the then uninhabited state, and consequently not feeling a desire to re- commend a setilement in this part of Canada. However, not wishing to give up my intentions of establishing a settlement, I hired two respectable men in Massachusetts, for the purpose of going with me to the Ottawa, and after having viewed the country we returned home, and they made a report to the public nearly as follows : " That they had ascended the Ottawa, or Grand River, one hundred and twenty miles from Mon- treal; the first forty-five miles they found some 14 MR. WRIGHT'S MODE OF SURVEYING. settlers, who appeared rather inactive, as far as re- lated to their farms, but little done to what, appar- ently, might be done, towards making themselves independent farmers. We, however, ascended the Ottawa, up the rapids, sixteen miles farther to the head of the Long Sault, continuing our course sixty- four miles farther up the river ; from the head of the Long Sault to Hull the river is remarkably smooth, and the water still, and sufficiently deep to float a sloop-of-war ; at tbe last mentioned place we pro- posed to explore the township back of the river ; ac- cordingly we spoi.c twenty days, say from the 1st to the 20th October, 1799. I should think we climbed to the top of one hundred or more trees, to view the situation o^ the country, which we accomplished in the following manner : We cut smaller trees in such a manner as to fall slanting, and to lodge in the branches of those large trees, which we ascend- ed until we arrived at the top. By this means we were enabled to view the country, and also the tim- ber, and by the timber we were enabled to judge of the nature of the soil, v^hich we found to answer our expectations ; and after having examined well the local situation of the township of Hull, we des- cended the river, and arrived, after much fatigue, tix Montreal, when we gave a general description of our discoveries, and returned home to Massachu- setts, where, after a report was made public about the situation of this part of the country, I was en- abled to obtain and hire as many men as I wanted to commence a new settlement." " I immediately hired about twenty-five men, and brought them with my mill irons, axes, scythes, hoes, and all other kinds of tools I thought most use- ful and necessary, including fourteen horses and eight oxen, seven sleighs and five families, together with a number of barrels of clear pork, destitute of bone, of my own raising, all of which left Woburn on the 2nd February, 1 800, and arrived in Montreal on the 10th, After a short stay in Montreal, we pro- THE EXPEDITION FOR SETILEMENT OF HULL. 15 }S 111 ?e ill cend- s we 5 tim- ceeded on our route lor the township of Hull, mak- ing generally, amongst the old settlements, about fifteen miles per day, for the first three days, owing to our horses and oxen travelling abreast, and our sleighs being wider than what is usual in this coun- try; under these difficulties we travelled the first three days, stopping with the inhabitants those three nights, until we got to the foot of the Long Sault, which was the end of any travelled road in Lower Canada. Being eighty miles from our destination, and no road, v^e found that it was impossible to pro- ceed in coiib;equeiice of the depth of the snow, and were, therefore, obliged to make a stand, and set one part of our men to alter our teams, so as to go singly, and the other part of the men to go forward to cut the road. After making thv necessary pre- parations we proceeded on to the head of the Long h'ault, observing before night came on, to fix upon some spot near water to encamp for the night, par- ticularly observing that there were no dry trees to fall upon us or our cattle, and if there was to cut them down. Then we cleared away the snow and cut down trees for fire for the whole night, the women and children sleeping in covered sleighs, and the men with blankets round the fire and the cattle made fast to the standing trees. In this situation about thirty of us spent the night ; and I must say that I never saw men more cheerful and happy in my life than they seemed to be — having no landlord to call upon us for our expenses, nor to complain of our extravagance, nor no dirty floor to sleep upon, but the sweet ground which belonged to our ancieiit fiov<^reign, — observing tx) take our refreshments and prepare sufficient for the day so as to lose no time on our journey when daylight appeared, always observ- ing to keep our axemen forward, cutting the road, and our foraging team next the axemen, and the families in the rear,, and, in this way, we proceeded on for three or four days, observing to look out for a good place for our camp, until we arrived at the li III 16 A USEFUL INDIAJr. head of the Long Sault.. From that place vv^e travelled the whole of the distance upon the ice, until we came to the intended spot, which is about sixty-five miles. My guide that I had taken up with me the fall before, was quite unacquainted with the ice, and likewise, the whale of our party, as not one of us had travelled up this ice before — our three former journies had been by water. We travelled up the ice very slow, as we were much intimidated by feai of losing our cattle, keeping our axemen for- ward trying every rod of ice, the ice being covered with snow about one foot thick, so that it was impos- sible to know whether the ice was good without sounding it with the axe. " I cannot pass over this account without giving the particulars of a savage, so called, from whom I received the greatest humanity it is possible to ex- press. On our journey up the river on the first day we met a savage and his wife drawing a child upon a little bark sleigh; they looked at us in astonish- ment, at seeing our habit, manner, and custom, and more especially at our cattle, — they viewed us as if we had dropx>ed from the clouds, — they were so astonished walking round our teams, as we were then halted, and trying to make discourse with us concerning the ice, but not a word could we under- stand from him, we observed him point to the v/oods as if giving directions to his squaw to go into the woods and make herself comfortable ; she imme- diately >.ft him and went ir.to the woods, and he immediately went to the head of our company with- out the promise of fee or reward, with his small axe trying the ice at every step he went, as if he had been the proper guide or owner of the property. "We passed on until we found night coming. on, and the banks of the river being so high, say about twenty feet, and that it was impossible to ascend them with our sleighs, we then left our sleighs upon the ice and ascended the banks of the river, cleared away the snow, cut down large trees as usual to TRAVELLING DIFFICULTIES. -if* make a fire, carefully obserAdng that no stooping or dead trees could fall upon us. After cooking our supper and getting our regular refreshments, we then brought up our bedding ind spread round the lire, and made ourselves as comfortable as possible, hav- ing nothing over us but large trees and the canopy of the heavens. Before daylight in the morning we cooked our breakfast and provisions for the day, and as soon as daylight appeared, we were ready to pro- ceed on our march. I must observe that our Indian behaved with uncommon civility during the night, taking his regular refreshments with us, and pro- ceeded to the head of the company, as he had done the preceding day, w^ith uncommon agility. " All being under way as soon as daylight ap- peared, w^e proceeded on this day as usual, with- out meeting with any accident, "^^lien night was approaching w^e did the same as die night before, and, likewise, began our march early in the morn- ing in much the same way, our Indian taking the lead as before. Owing to the deepness of the snow, it took us about six days in passing up this river, about sixty-four miles, and we arrived safe at the township Hull. After some trouble in cutting the brush and banks, we ascended the heights w^hich is about tw^enty feet from the water. Our savage after he had seen us safe up the bank, and spent the night wdth us, gave us to understand that he must return back to his squaw and child, and after receiving some presents for his great ser- vices, he took his departure for his squaw, hav- ing to go at least sixty miles when he left us. Our men thanked him in the best manner they could make him understand, and he w^ent away In good spirits, being w^ell pleased. We arrived at this place on the 7th of March, and, immediately, with the assistance of all hands, we felled the first tree, lor every person that was able to use the axe endeavoured and assisted in cutting ; after hav- ing so done, we commenced cutting down and m <» ii 18 CUTTING DOWN TREES. clearing a spot for the erection of a house, and other buildings for the families and men. And ting and clearing, the Indians that live at the came to us, and viewed with astonishment, and we continued cutting, and clearing, and erecting accommodation of the as we commenced cut- chiefs of two tribes of Lake of Two Mountains, all our tools and materials would often whoop and laugh, as they were quite unacquainted with tools, or things of that nature. They also viewed with astonishment the manner in which we harnessed our horses, and oxen &c., all being harnessed in pairs. They seemed to view all our things with great pleasure ; some of them fetched their children to see the oxen and horses, they never having seen a tame animal before, being brought up near the great lakes upon the westward ; they would also ask the liberty of using one or two of our axes, to see how they could cut down a tree with them, as their axes are very small, weighing only half a pound, our axes weighing from four to live pounds. When they had cut down a tree, they would jump, whoop, huzza, being quite pleased with having cut down a tree so quick. They received a glass of rum each and returned to their sugar-making in the greatest harmony. They continued very friendly to pass backward and forward for about ten days, after receiving small presents, for which they made me returns of sugar, venison &c. Their cliiels as- sembled together, and j^rocured an English inter- preter of the name of George Brown, formerly u clerk in the Indian Trade, who also had an Indian wife and family, and spoke both languages. They requested him to demand of me by what authority I was cutting down their wood, and taking possession of their land. To which I answered— by virtue of authority received at Quebec from their Great Father who lived on the other side of the water, and Sir John Johnson, who I knew was agent in the In- INDIAN DEMAJ^JDS UPON MR. WRIGHT. 19 dian Department, for through him they received their yearly dues from Government. " They could hardly suppose th^ir Grreat Father or other persons at Quebec, would allow me to cut down their timber, and clear their land, and destroy their sugaries and hunting ground without consult- ing them, as they had been in the peaceable posses- sion of these lands for generations past. I must con- sider these falls and river convenient for them to carry on their business, and that their families wan- ted support as well as mine." " I told them that I had got regular documents from their Grreat Father, which I had received at Quebec, and also orders from Sir John Johnson so to do ; and I had been to my country, being five hundred miles distant and brought all these men and materials, to cairy the business into effect, and the documents I was ready to produce when regularly called for ; and I had further to state to them, from the mouth of Sir John Johnson that if they injured me or my property, to go and make complaint to him, and I should have remuneration out of their yearly dues." " They believed that had I stayed at home it would have been to their interest as they had great dependence upon that situation, it being the chief hunting ground, sugaries and fisheries, &c., which was the chief support of their families, and they were afraid of further difficulties that would arise between us, such as taking their beaver, destroying their deer, breaking up their sugaries, and causing a deal of trouble ; that I must know that clearing off the forest was driving back their game, which would totally dislodge them of the former expecta- tions." " I told them that they must be sensible that the tools and the materials which I had brought were not for hunting or fishing, but for the clearing of land, and I should endeavor to protect their beavers and fishing grounds, but as to their sugaries, them I vni 20 THE TWO-MOUNTAIN INDIANS. must make use of, as the land was already given to me. I would observe further to them, that this es- tablishment would be a great convenience to them and was intended so by their Great Father, to have a settlement and mills in order to supply them with all their provisions instead of going to Montreal, which they knew was a dangerous and difficult passage," " They answered, we know the passage is very difficult and are surprised how you found the way here with all these men, baggage, and cattle. The white i^eople always tell us line stories to drive us back ; you tell us that you come here for farming and that you will protect our beaver huts, fisheries &c., but as we know that you have got guns, f>ow- der and shot — what are you going to do with them ? " We observed that all are our farmers, where we came from, keep guns, powder, and shot to protect our farms, such as killing hawks when they came upon our poultry, the squirrels that eat our grain in the fields, bears when they kill our hogs and calves, and wolves when they kill our sheep." " They then said, that is all very good, if used for that ]purpose ; but if you do as other while people have done, you will make use of your guns for killing our beavers, deer, otter, musk-rats and bears ; we are afraid you will not be contented upon your own lands, but will go out at a distance to our ponds and take our beaver, and then our re- taliation, if we should come and take your sheei) and cattle, that will bring on difficulties and dis- putes, and that will not answer. You say that our G-reat Father is making this settlement for our good, but we are afraid it will be to our disadvantage, in- stead of doing us good. " I told them I had received strict directions to use them well, and I intenaed so to do ; and if they would go to their sugaries, and collect all their ma- terials that they wished to part with, as they had 1 MOONSHINE. 21 finished making sugar, that I would pay cash for them at a fair price. The Indians considering this proposal fair asked Five Pounds ($20) which was paid to them, and they oftered to give up their lands for $30 more To this latter demand for $30 Mr. Wright refused to concede. He denied the right of lac Indians to the land and uesired them to produce written titles. This of course they could not do. The lands, they said, were theirs by inheritance and by right of possession, but Mr. Wright argued that they had re- linquished all right to territory by accepting pre- sents annually from the Grovernment, which sonie- what staggered the Indians, who looked upon their presents as very trifling indeed. Mr. Wright, how- ever, promised to consult Sir John Johnson the In- dian agent, Mr. Lee, the Commissary of the Indian Department, and a Mr. Lukin a Notary Public in Montreal next moon. Mr. Wright according to pro- mise went on the very next moon to Montreal to consult with Sir John and Messrs. Lee and Lukin, The result was that the Indian claims were looked upon as mere moonshine, and the Indians, being so informed, created Mr, Wright a brother chief, crowned him, kissed him, dined him, buried the hatchet, and, as he tells us, be never was acquainted with a people "that more strictly regarded justice and equity, than those peoi)le have for those twenty years past." - Having so satisfactorily arranged matters, Mr. Wright, brother chief of the Two Mountain Indians, continued to cut down and clear a spot for the erec- m i 90 PROfJRESS OF TlIE KETTI.KMKNr, tion of a house^ and " continued cutting and clear- ing, and erecting other buildings, for the accommo'- dation of families and men." . Mr. "Wright goes on to say in his interesting narrative : — " As I had laid in a good stOck of hay and grain, which 1 gave freely to my cattle, I was sur- prised to find that they took to the woods, living upon browslislicd a " shoemaker's shop," a "tailor's shop," and a large bnkehouse, giving employment to a " great number of workmen." Mr. Wright remarks : " Before I establislied these dilferent branches, I was obliged to go to Montreal for evciy lillle article in iron work, or other things I stood in need of. Until I commenced these ditierent brnncln's in the township of Hull, the number of men under my employ was about seventy-live, emx)loyed iu dillcrent mechanical businesses, trades, and agriculture ; and I also commenced a tannery for tanning oricnilici- upon a large scale ; and I obtained from New York a cylinder for grinding 1); rk, also by water; also cleared a quantity of land, commenced making roads and built several bridges." Mx. Wright had surely done well in 1804. Next year he continued clearing, planting, and mak- ing roads, and made a trip to Massachusetts where he procured v valuable stock of grass seed, and col- lected arrears o' debts due to him ; and in 1800, after an expenditu e of $20,000, he " thought proper to post and make up his accounts," to see what he had ex- pended and how much the inhabitants owed him. He says : " I had just returned from Montreal, having been down with flour ; the expense of this journey lAKKH TIMHKU TO m'KIIKC. qH had consumod the wholo vahn> of it, as it was con- veyed upon sh'ighs drawn by oxtMi, and the roads l)ad. As I had now heen six years in the township of Hull, and expended my capital, it was time for me to look out for an export nuirket to cover my im- ports; no export markt^t had been found as not a stick of timber had ))et'n st'iit, from tliat place, down those dang"erous Rapids. I then agreed to try to get some timber ready and try it, and accordingly I then set out to examine the liapids quite down to the Isle of Montreal." Then, Mr. Wright informs us : " The inhabitants, who had been settled there nearly two hundred years, told me it was not possi- ble for me to get timber to Quebec by the route on the north side of the Isle of Montreal, as such a thing never had been done and never could be done. I said I would not believe it until I had tried it, I prepared my rafts for the spring, and came from Hull down my new discovered channel for the Que- bec market. From Hull we came down all the Rapids of the Long Sault, to the Island of Montreal and the river St. Lawrence. It was a new thing but a costly one to me. Being a total stranger to navigating the Rapids, we were thirty-five days getting down, as our rafts would often times run aground, and cause us a deal of labor to get them off again, and I had no person that was acquainted with the channel ; but having, from experience, learnt the manner of coming down, we can oftentimes come down them in twenty-four hours. However, after much fatigue and expense, we arrived at Que- bec with the first timber from that township that ever came to Quebec, and it can be brought a half- penny cheaper to Quebec than it can to Montreal. This was in the year 1807. Now, in the year 1823, upwards of three hundred common cargoes were brought to Quebec, and not one to Montreal, through this same channel. Only sfreuteen years back not ^ :; 1 i.'. #4. 28 MILLS DESTROYED BY FIRE. one cargo of timber came from the Grand River, and whoever lives to see seventeen or eighteen years hence, vt^ill, no doubt, see four times that quantity, not only of timber, but potashes, and fl.our, beef, pork, and many other articles too numerous to men- tion, brought from the same quarter to Quebec." Brave and far-seeing Crusoe of the Ottawa ! In the winter of 1808 ilr. Wright began to look out for employment for his "surplus m^n." The surplus men he thus explains : " In the summer we ire obliged to employ a number of men, and in the winter one quarter of that number is sufficient io carry on the buuiness of the farm ; and in order to find employment ibr those additional or surplus men, I commence the lumber business, drawing and procuring timber for my mills and sawing them into planks and. boards. If I had not given these men employment during the winter, it would have been impossible for me to obtain men in the spring when I most wanted them, as the dis- tance from my settlement was so great. Unfortu- nately for me, on the 8th May, 1808, my mills were burnt, and not my mills only, but a large quantity of boards and planks, which were preparing for the Quebec market. I had not a piece of board for iny use, without either chopping it with an axe, or obtaining it from a distance of eighty miles, except what was on my buildings. This loss was most severely felt, as it was very near destroying the set- tlement. There was no insurance effected on my mills. This loss, indeed, made me almost despair of ever recovering it, or doing; any good upon the set- tlement, and I was about to quit it, but my sons wished me not to despair. It was also a great loss to the settlement, as the greater part of our corn was in the mill and burnt, with the exception of seven bushels of flour, y\ hick were taken from the mill the night before; and to*e the distress that was occa- ■ MR. WRIUUT RENTS W. 29 a- sioued by this accident wai> most affecting. The square timber lying afloat was saved, and with it I came to Quebec, and returned as soon as possible, and commenced a new saw mill. I set all hands to work I could obtain, and finished the mill in sixty days. After so doing I commenced a grist mill, which I also finished in the fall of the year. During this period I was obliged to obtain provisions from Montreal." The following year was spent in much the same manner, the clearances being increased, and eighty men being employed in " the mechanical branches," the farm, and in preparingtimber for the Quebec market. Three years later Mr. Wright "let" one hun- dred acres of wood-lands to be cleared and brand- ed, and the soil to be made fit for the harrow, for the price of £4 per acre. He also built a house in the centre f^r workmen. He paid £25 for ashes and .£50 for having it well harrawed, the whole amounting to X500, which was finished and sown that September with wheat, and fenced round. Ninety men were employed in exporting timber to Quebec and on the different farms. In 1813 he made a road from the saw mill to the last mentioned house, which he had built, dis- tant about one and a half miles and built a large barn 4^70, eighteen posts, covered in, and complete for receiving his wheat, employing 20 additional men in harvesting, reaping, carting &c. He got his wheat in " well and in good order." Then : — , " I also made an addition to this farm, by clear- j.fi'g about ninety acres for the next year's crop of *Wheat, withxiiiy own men labourers; and during » '! 'UL m BUILD8 A DISTILLERY. the winter we threshed out our wheat, and paid the laborers six shillings for every ten bushels for threshing which they cleaned and bringeth to the grist mill. At the iinishing of threshing this wheat, w^e measured 3000 bushels. These 3000 bushels cost me $2000, for which I was offered $9000, three dol- lars per bushel being at that time the common price on account of the war. I must s-ay it was the most advantageous unr'ertaking I cA'^er engaged in jince I commenced the settlement." " Having a clean profit of 7000 dollars, I contin- ued to extend upon the farm." " I then commenced building sheds adjoining the same barn, upon the same farm, 100 feet west, 200 feet south, 208 feet east, and 100 feet to the barn, •making in the whole 100 feet of shed. The sheds are 18 feet in width on the west, and on the south 36 feet, and upon the north and east they ai ^ li ' ?t wide, 18 feet high on the east side in fron j. u^i square by 12 in the rear, with racks and mangers, the whole of the distance round bound with iron ; the yard also is fenced across for different herds of cattle, well clap-boarded and painted. Upon the outside, in this way, I keep my ccttle, giving every kind a fair chance to the air." " I likewise built a large distillery (40 by 80) with every article necessary for the establi^^hment, with a shed of 500 feet, and troughs to receive the wash, for the benefit of the cattle and hogs." Mr. Wright continues to make improvements. He had sold 100 acres of wood land, adjoining his own farm in 1804 for 10 shillings an acre, in 1814 he re-obtainod possession of these same acres, of which sixty had been cleared by the person who had lived on it for ten years, and who had also placed some buildings on them, for c£5 per acre. In ad* dition to this purchase he cleared 120 acres, seeded STUMP EXTRACTION. oi down about the same quantity with red clorer, white clover and timothy, sowing about a quart of each kind to the acre. " I, this year," Mr. Wright says, "employed abou?, twenty men upon this farm. They were employed mostly in clearing of land and building of fences, and also sowing the fallows with i\ill wheat. " I also made a new road through the centre of this farm, and we arranged the farm into diflerent sections, or pastures, for the accommodation of mowing, tillage, and pasturing, and also put upon this farm an additional number of cows, so as to miake the number up to forty ; besides thirty yoke of oxen, old and young, twenty working horses, besides breeding mares, sheep, goats, and swine. " This farm up to the present day contains tibout 300 acres of cleared land, divided into differ- ent divisions, for the accommodation of the different kinds of cattle. I also built in addition to the for- mer buildings, six barns upon this farm, to stow the hay and corn, besides having a number of large hay- ricks. " For some years past, I have made it a rule to raise from thirty to forty calves upon this farm, besides colts, lambs, pigs &c. I have in general about thirty old pigs, and double that number of young ones, besides fifty breeding sheep." Mr. Wright gives ^^he following information concerning stump-extractio)i : " In 1815 I employed some men in taking out the small stumps and roots, and levelling of the rough- est place;?, as the roots began to decay, according to the size of the stumps. Beech and rock maple stumps are much more easily taken out after the seventh year ; mne, elm, basswood, and hemlock are les^^ liable * rot, and therefore require about fifteen years before they can be taken out, especially those of the largest size. Every season I set apart a X Iti ill 'H t \ \ n L, 32 BtriLDlNl OF WRIGHTVILT.FJ certain number of days, and take from two to six pair of oxen, harnessed with strong chains, which are fastened round the stumps and drawn up, col- lected together into piles and burnt upon the ground, and level the places from which they are drawn. This work is generally done on our mowing or till- age ground ; but those of the larger kind we omit until a future time, as every year we are obliged to spend some time opening of ditches for draining the land, and also being very particular, upon the first fall of sno\v , to sow my grain seed upon the lands intended for mowing or pasturage, and also to have a quantity of woodland underbrushed, and the underbrush piled for the better accommodation of cutting our fire- wood, so as to have easy access for ihc wood, if the snow should happen to be deep. "•')i>^ land in the spring is then burnt, and sown with Wa ' :>t other seeds, which is a great saving to the farm. , ." T3p Ho 1824 this really remarkable man had in twenty-four years cleared 3,000 acres, and in that year was the owner of four large farms, made an- nually 1100 tons of hay, had 756 acres in grain and roots, with stock and pasturage in proportion, while his buildings were valued at iJ18,257 and the sum total of farms, stock and buildings at .£57,068 13b. He had even done more than this. He had opened roads for a distance of 120 miles through the lower townships, along the river shore to Montreal, and had tiilt the village of Wright (now the Town of Hull) pleasantly situated on the south east angle of the township, containing a handsome church with a steeple 120 feet high, a comforlgble hotel, and several other public edifices. In 1H28 the popula- tion consisted almost entirely of Americans and DEATH tJF MR. WRIGHT. S3 m amounted to 1066. Hull had then 3 schools, 2 tanner- ies, 12 lime-kilns, 4 saw mills, 2 distilleries, and other manni'actories to correspond. Now the popu- lation is chiefly French Canadians, although the ruli?ig spirits are Americans (former residents of the United States, rather) or their descendant^, and there are two Eoman (^atholic churches, the old one of red-painted wood, the tine new edifice de- signed by Latour, one church of the Church of Eng- land, and a Meeting-House it may be for Hunkers, Tunkers, Shaking-Quak«^rs. or some other minor denomination, slightly dissentient in its orthodoxy fiom that ol the ordinarily recognized denomina- tions, into which Protestantism in this progressive country is more particularly divided. The popula- tion is about 5,000 ; there being 1,000 houses, large steam factories, and all the trades necessary for a thriving community. Mr. Wright is buried in the little cemetery situated on the road leading to Aylmer, to the west- ward of the town which he founded, having lied at a very advanced age, leaving behind him as happy a memory as that of the Patriarch Job, who had 14,000 sheep and 6,000 camels, 1,000 yoke of oxen, and 1 ,000 she-asses ; having also seven sons and three daughters, when, at the age of 140 years the good old man, being full of days, died and was buried. The family of Mr. Philemon Wright was large, equal, possibly to that of Job, and have all attained positions of eminence, one grandson being a member ill i: 84 TUK McNAlJM. of the House of Commons ot the Dominion, another, distinguished alike lor his eloquence and lourning", and others, inheriting the enterprise of their grand, father, are engaged in farming, lumbering, and manufacturing ; acquiring wealth lor themselves and enabling others to acquire it. Another Ottawa pioneer was " The McNab," a yery different style of man from the late gallant lord of Dundurn castle, near Hamilton — Sir Allan McNab — an active politician, who, on one occasion, facetiously styled himself '• The other McNab." " High up, says Bouchette, on the bold and abrupt shore of the broad and picturesque lake of the ChaH the Highland chief McNab has selected a romantio residence, Kinell Lodge, which he has succeeded through the most unshaken perseverance, in render- ing exceedingly comfortable." The McNab brought with him gtcat numbers of his clan to his settle- ment at the Chafu, at much trouble and expense. They had, of course many difficulties to contend with, and were not so successful in their efforts as the followers of Mr. Wright, accustomed to the axe and to forest life. The highlanders, unaccustomed to much labor in their native heather, transferred from one wilderness, as it were, to another, were less likely to settle down into successful cultivators of the soil than men, who in early life had not those peculiar feelings which essentially belong to the highland character, and are only got rid of by asso- ciation with men accustomed to the plough, the hammer, or the plane from tlioir youth up. Neverthe- less, with the splendid energy whi'',h distinguished A HIGHLAND WELCOME. 85 the highlander of Scotland, in war and peace, the clan McNab in America did at length make progress and are : . w a happy and thriving colony. Bou- chett'c, hi a note, thus speaks of his visit to Kinell Lodge : " We cannot pass over in silence the char- acteristic hospitality that distinguished our r*^cep- tion by the gallant chief, when, in 1828, we were returning down the Ottawa, after having explored its rapids and lakes, as far as Grrand Calumet. To voyageurs in the remote wilds of Canada, neces- sarily strangers, for the time, to the sweets of civili- zation, the unexpected comforts of a well furnished board, and the cordiality of a Highland welcome fell upon the soul like dew upon the flower. " The sun was just resigning to the moon the empire of the skies," when we took our leave of the noblo chieftain to descend the formidable rapids ol the Chats. As we glided from the foot of the bold bank, the gay plaid and cap of the noNle (xael were seen waving on the proud eminence, and the shrill notes of the piper filled the air with their wild cadences. They died away as we approached the head of the rapids. Our caps were flourished, and the flags, (for our canoe was decorated with them) waved in adieu, and we entered the vortex of the swift and whirling stream." Since then there have been other men who have contributed to the wealth of Ottawa. The Egans, the Grilmours, the Aumonds, the Bells, the E-cynolds, the Cassels, the Skeads, and the Powells, since By, in 1826. laid the foundation- wtone of the political metropolis of this vast Dorii- il f i i* 1 n« ■IR JOHN FRANKLIN. nion, gave the District a power in the political world by their wealth, enterprize, and influence, which has gone far towards making the city of Ottawa what she is this day — more even that the enterprize of the Chaudiere-men, all-powerful and highly com- mendatory, in one sense, as it is. With the excep- tion of a Currier and a Wright these latter wielded little political influence and, indeed, were too much occupied by purely bu dness concerns to dabble in politics tkeinselves, and were, on the whole, perhaps, indifferent, if not careless, as to forms of govern- ment or the men who governed, believing that th'it form of government which is best administered is best, and unwilling to interfere with those who, very judiciously, did not interfere with them. " Few persons could have believed," says the late Mr. Charles Pope, in his ' Incidents of Ottawa City,' that the present capital could have been so favored as it has been. When the question ' of placing the seat of Grovernment at Ottawa was arst brought up in Parliament, the spectators in the gal- lery will remember the speech of a Canadian states- man, who said : " I tell you candidly, gentlemen, you might as well send the seat of Government to La- brador." Yet, strange to say, there were not want- ing those who, as far back as 1827, predicted that it would be what it is to-day. Sir John Franklin and Colonel By were the prognosticators. The former gentleman declared it on the occasion of laying the foundation stone of the locks of the Rideau canal : the remark was called forth from the latter by a Mr. Burke insisting on getting more land than the Colo- nel was disposed to give him. " Sir," said the Colonel, " this land will be very valuable some day : it will be the capital of Canada." Th« Colonel fully believed in what he said. 11 1 tjOVlH JOSEPH PAPINKAa. l'l*i The By estate in the city of Ottawa is by no means insignificant and the sparks of his eloquence have otherwise taken effect there, and will not for genera- tions hence, it is sincerely to be hoped, be extin- guished by any system of water-works, which the Corporation, in its wisdom, sometime within the next fifty years, may devise and carry successfully to completion. There was still another individual who dwelt upon the Ottawa, without being however an Ottawa politician, whom we cannot omit to mention. Born to sway senates and to rule mobs, an autocrat rather than an aristocrat, but with a lordly feeling ever swelling in his breast, he, who, for years, had controlled the parliaments of Lower Canada, been driven into exile and had leturned hither again, — unchanged, unchanging, and unchangeable — the Honorable Louis Joseph Papineau held in pos- session the ample seignory of La Petite Nation situa- ted between the augmentation of Grenville and the gore of Lochaber, where the village of Papineauville now stands, from youth to age. It was he, who declared that the. conquest of Canada by Grreat Britain had given freedom to his countrymen. It was he who, being speaker of the House of Assembly of Lower Canada, thwarted every G-overnor who at- tempted to rule so as to make British rule almost impossible. It was he who urged upon the late Mr. Justice Morin the celebrated series of resolu- tions which paved the way for responsible govern- ment. It was he who, while acknowledg Jig British justice, excited in his countrymen c feoling of in- ^ WILLIAM LYON MACKKN/ilR. justice wustttiiit'd at the hauds of Q-reat Britain. It was he, who wore the etn(fe du pai/s hinifleli' and ad- vised its being worn by others, not to encourage home manulactureK but to reduce the imports into Canada from the United Kingdom. It was he, who ha ring led others into rebellion, fearing the conse- quences for himself fled to France, and after re- maining thtre for a number of years returned to Canada, receiving $16,000 from the country as ar- rears of salary as Speaker of the Lower Canada House of Assembly. It was he, who being again returned to the " Reformed Parliament," modified by Baldwin & Lafontaine, and recognized by Cartier, anathematized Responsible G^overnment, in 1852, as little better than a sham, and, like William Lyon Mackenzie, unable to divest himself of previous feel- ings or to get rid of former reminiscences, at last re- linquished all share in the politics of the country to others and became a spectator of a progress and of changes, which he found it impossible to retard. That Louis Joseph Papineau settled himself down quietly at the seignory of La Petite Nation to watch events. Three years ago we saw him there. He was hale, hearty, and communicative. He remem- bered well his old opponent the late Robert Christie Esquire, and repeatedly member for G-aspe and the historian of Canada. He took an interest in all that was going on, and from the banks of the Ottawa, surveyed the changes that were taking place around. He revelled in books. A tower of four or five stories high held a mass of information which a life-time longer than hl«>, could scarcely enable auy one to THE DEMOSTHENES OK CANADA, JA digest. His mansion was a French chateau. There were chapels and servants' residences on his grounds which are unduStint< and tastefully laid out. Walks meandered through green parterres and pri- meval forest. There was a rivulet and there w^as a deer-park in the vicinity. The peacock screamed, the fowls cackled, the caitle lowed, and all was peace, where, retired from men and the ordinary cares of man, the Honorable Louis Joseph Papineau was yet, until his 85th year, permitted to view hu- man progress in a country which he had governed if not ruled, and to which he had drawn particulai- ly European attention more than any person pre. viously had ever done. A few hours in the steamer Queen Victoria will suffice to bring the traveller to the former residence of Louis Joseph Papineau — the Demosthenes of Canada — on the banks of the Grand River, where he died in September last. ■ ; ® ® I CHAPTER II. >ititural W'eulth ol' llie OUawu— Tlie OttUneuu— Iroimldo— Tim 01lniour»— Tlt« Ktdeau Caiiul— Cost of the Cuiml— Looking to WuHlUngton— Tti* Old Soldlur In th« B»u.'Jcwc)odfi— Duke of nicliuiond— Btatt! of aooleljr III ottawn. There is no part of Canada in which the actual means of wealth are so abundant as in the imme- diate neighborhood of Ottawa City. The water- power for manufacturing purposes could not pos- sibly be exceeded. Rivers stretch for hundreds of miles northward and southward, meeting the Orand, or Ottawa river in the very harbor, as it were; a canal intersects the city, to be y^+ lined with streets for miles along its banks ; fin ^rries ot marble, Trenton limestone, and sandstone, supe- rior to that known as the Ohio, the (xatineau granite, and the lead and iron mines or beds in close prox- imity, otfer inducements to the capitalist greater than mines of gold or silver possibly could do. There is vet timber to be cut down ; land to be im- proved ; and new modes of ingress and egress are being yearly projected. For the further develop- ment of unparalleled resources, money alone is needed, and, as the city rises in wealth and popula- tion, that money assuredly will come. The naviga- tion of the river will still further be improved ; the difficulties of the Chaudiere Falls must eventually 40 THE QATIMEAU. 41 be overcome ; and the long-talked-of commuuicatioii of the head waters of the Grand River with Luke Huron be establislied, while a Central railroad, run- ning along the Ottawa Valley and tapping, it may be, the inland waters behind the towns of Peterboro and Lindsay will bring her more immediately in connection, by land, with the great riches of the fer- tile far off west. Speaking of the Gratineau, Mr. M'Taggart, Civil Engineer, in the British service, who explored a considerable portion of this remarkable route, long before the Grilmours had opened up their vast lum- bering establishments upon it, thirty years ago, says that it embraces " an area of 25,000 square miles, perfectly distinct from all lands of location, ranging between the 46'^ and 4!^^' of north latitude, and may average about 300 feei uove the level of the ocean. It is covered with a dense wilderness of trees, gen- erally of the hard wood kind, oak, beech, maple, butternut, &;c., which are of the very best quality." Bouchette says : — " Our ignorance of this river is partly explained by the common report of its course, because for upwards of one hundred mil-^^s before it joins the Ottawa it flows parallel with, and but at a short distance from it, so that no Indian traders have found it worth their while to make establishments on it. This river has been wholly unfrequented by the lumber dealer, on account of the great rapids and falls near its mouth, at one spot said to be 100 feet perpendicular. It is supposed that the G-atineau will present one of the fiuest pieces of river naviga- tion in Canada after passing the heights of it near its mouth. The varietv of minerals known to lie on the banks of this river renders it an object of still higher interest." 49 iRONsmm Now there are lumbering establishments and iron-works of vast magnitude on its banks, the Messrs Q-ilmour having with characteristic energy placed saw mills on it at the beautiful town of Chel- sea, nine miles from its juncdon with the river Otta- wa. They are on the south bank of the Ottawa, above the Falls, and booms stretch far above and below them to catch logs and to lioat down square timber to where it can be conveniently rafted for the Quebec market ; and at Ironside a small village, completely destroyed by forest fires last summer, forges have been established and smelting carried on with great energy, so that it cannot now be said that this river is ** wholly unfrequented." These are, indeed, immense establishments, $300,000 being paid annually for wages. On the (Jity of Ottawa fide of the Grand River the country is equally good in an agricultural point of view, but the Uideau brings down no great rafts, :ior are the establishments on its banks at all equal in magnitude to those of the Gratineau. Still there are brickyards, flour mills, woollen factories and saw mills along its banks and the banks even of the canal, while a richly cultivated cleared country pro- duces breadstuffs and root crops in more than abun- dance for the use of the inhabitants of the metropolis. Indeed it may be said the temptation to lumbering being less on the south than on the north shore of the Ottav/a river in the immediate neighbourhood of Bytown has conduced to the better clearing of the land at» the farmers have shown prudence by themselves avoiding the lumber business, and by THE OILMOURS. 41 contenting themselves with a home market for the sale of the produce of their farms at generally double the Montreal price to the lumber trader. Pickens in 1836 says : — " Although the lumber trade ruined other parts of the country, it benefited the farmers of the Ottawa district, as it was generally people from other parts that carried on that business there, and had to depend upon inhabitants of this division for their supplies of provisions and forage." One of the G-ilmours, (Allan Gilmour, Esquire) it may bo remarked, has long dwelt in the City of Ot- tawa, personally superintending and directing the operations of the firm, who have not confined them* selves to mere lumbering, but have no less than nine farms of about i500 acres, from which they derive their own supplies. Let us examine the country along the banks o^ the Rideau Canal, the immediate back ground of the city, first beginning with the Canal. It commences at Kingston, and, in the words of Bouchette, traver- sing the tract of country lying between the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa, strikes the latter river at the foot of the Falls of the Chaudiere, and a short distance above those of the Rideau, situated at the mouth of that river. It is one hundred and thirty- five miles long, and perfectly unique of its kind in America, and, probably, in the world, being mad(i up, in its whole length, of a chain of lakes, dams, and aqueducts, so connected by locks of large dimensions as lo open a steamboat navigation from Ontario to the Ottawa river. Rideau Lake which i Hi: ' 44 THE RroEAU CANAL. is about twenty-four miles long, and six broad on an average, is the grand summit level of the canal ; it is 283 feet above the waters of the Ottawa on one side, and 154 above the surface of Lake Ontario, on the other, requiring, in the rise and fall a total num- ber of forty-seven locks, seventeen of which are on the Kingston side, and thirty-seven between E-ideau Lake and the Ottawa. These locks were originally planned upon a scale to correspond Avith those of the Laohine canal, i. e. 100 feet by 20 ; (the St. Law- rence Canal superseded in 1840) but these dimensions were subsequently increased to 142 feet in length, by 38 in width, the depth of water being 5 feet. Th re are twenty dams on the whole route, con- structed with remarkable solidity and skill, which, by the reflux of the waters they produce, have struugely altered the natural appearances of the country. In several instances, a dam not more than twenty-four feet high, and one hundred and eighty- four feet wide, will throw the rapids and rivers into a still sheet above it for a distance of more than twenty miles. The dams also back the waters up creeks, ravines, and valleys ; and, instead of making one canal, they form numerous canals of various ramifi- cations, which will all tend greatly to the improve- ment of a very fertile country. The land drowned by the raising of the dams is not worth mentioning, consisting chiefly of swampy waters, the haunts of otters and beavers, according to McTaggart, the able engineer, who was actively employed in making the surveys and taking the levels on the whole line of C'OST OF THK CAXAF , 46 the canal, as stated in his work, intituled " Three Years in Canada," The principal works on the whole line aro situated at tho ibllowi'ig places : Entrance Bay, Down's Great Swamp, Hogsl)ack, Black Rapids, Lonir Ifilaud, Burritt's Kapids, Nicholson's Kapids, Clowe's Quarry, Merrick's Eapids, Maitland's Rapids, Edmond's Rapids, Phillip's Bay. Old Ply's Rapids, Smith's Falls, First Rapids, The Narrows The Two Isthmuses, Davis' Rapids, Jones' Falls, Cranberry Marsh,, and Round Tail, Brewer's Upper and Lower Mills, Jack's and Billydore's Rifts, and Kingston Mills. This great work cost England upwards of half a million sterling, and for many years after its com- pletion, being considered a military work, the lock- masters were all discharged sergeants of the Royal Engineers or Royal Artillery, but, in 1854, it was transferred to the Crovernment of Canada, and now forms one of the chains of oanal maintained and kept up by the Dominion Gn>vernment purely for commercial purposes, ''hough as much as ever available for military purposes in tb rent of war. Bouchette says : " There can be little doubt that hen the vhole line of canal from Kingston to Montreal is complpt' ' and it is now nearly so, the great thorough f;i re of tiie Canadps* wiii be transierred from the froir r to the Rideau route, until a canal shall have been opened along the St. Lawrence." The latter contingency has long since oc^n i red, and the G-rand Trunk Railroad sweeps, or will •hortly do so, the face of the Q-reat Lakes and the i !■ t M I _-_^^ IJ M 40 LCMDKING TO VVA8HINGT0N. Piii banks of tlie St. Lawrence, from Michigan to Gaspe, and i'rom Graspe to Halifax ; but the com- merce of Ottawa is also being improved by inter- secting lines of railway, the Ottawa and the St Lawrence and the Canada Central railway from the Chaudiere to Brockville — and the construction of the North Shore road, together with the demands of the city will create a commerce in the future scarcely even dreamt oi" by the talented and farseeing Bouchette. One of the weakest points in Canada, in a mili- tary sense, is that in which the territory of the United States, a little aboA^e Ogdensburg down to Pigeon Hill, running past Hemmingford, lies con- tiguous to the British American Dominions. It, indeed, caused considerable annoyance to the Im- perial authorities when they ascertained that roads had been opened irom the frontier through Hem- mingford. The Horse Guards had determined to keep that part of Canada in the position of a wilder- ness as long as possible, so that the forest might be made a barrier of defence for Montreal, never sus- pecting that railroads would come into operation to annihilate distance, and make the transport of meu and materials of war, to any selected point of attack, a matter of certainty and a thing easy of accomplish- ment, and, half a century ago, were naturally enough, annoyed to find that the eastern townships" people were beginning to look to Boston, New York, and Washington as markets for their supplies. The military officers who came to Canada to »* " •» THE OLD SOLDIER IN THE BACICW'OODft. 4T rule, always kept in view the defence of the country and frequently, with this end, they visited Upper Canada. One of their great aims was to establish military settlements. In spite of everything that could be done to prevent it, citizens of the United States, whether United Empire Loyalists or not, came and settled in English speaking Canada, and not a few ventured to " locate" themselves in Bas Canada. They were not bad settlers by any means. They cleared the forest, built saw-mills, kept taverns, and developed all the resources within their reach, but to the military man they were not pleasant to look upon. He could not bear to hear the words "guess," "kalkilate," "reckon," "heow," "critter," and " tarnation," whatever virtues such people might pos- sess. To martial ears these were, indeed, unmusical, antl possibly harsh sounds, and the probable influence of such settlers in particular localities was sought to be counteracted by military seti^lemenis. With this view numerous grants were made to deserving old soldiers in the interior of the country between King- ston and Brockville, and the Ottawa river. These men, on the whole, succeeded well. Far removed from the temptations which loo frequently led astray iren who have been accustomevi to miiitaiy life, the old soldier in the back woods of Canada has been the means of making the wilderness blossom as the rose, to as great an extent as any other class of settlers. In the Slimmer of 181$) the Duke of Kichmond, being Cxovernor (general of Canada, went on a visit tc his son-in-law^ Sir Peregrin Maitland, the Lieu' '!», 48 DUKE f)F RICHMOND. tenant-Governor of Upper Cf.nada. The Duke wa« a GoA'ernoi by prolession. In early lil'e he had in- dulged in those excesses to which men of fortune are prone. He had been seduced into horse-racing He had played rouge et noir at Baden. He had been bilked at the Derby and on the continent, and his private fortune was at a low ebb. But he had nevertheless, the spirit, the feelings, and the man- ners of a British nobleman, and notwithstanding his dissipations, or perhaps, on account of them, he was held in a certain amount of esteem by those who had the opportunity of coming into contact with him. He was not, however, popular as a Governor in Canada, Garneau says of him : — •' he was one of the greatest of British notables, a personage who had governed Ireland taut bien que niaf, and who was fain to pass from one vice-regal charge to another, to amend his fortune, which had been much impaired by dissipation and extravagance." Well, this nobleman, having been on a visit to the Lieutenant-Governor at " Little York," on his re- turn to Quebec, thought he would take a run towards the Ottawa and view the military settle- ments, and contemplated military works there. With this view, one fine morning on the 26th of August he turned off at Brockville to see the settlement in rear, intending to go home by the river Ottawa. He was accompanied by a fatigue party to act as canoe- men, a guide, and the officers of his suite. At the start he was seemingly in the enjoyment of excel- lent health, and although not a young man, his step was buoyant and clastic. All wont well, indeed. 1>KATH OK lUHvE n|- RICHMOND. 49 until the party reached Chapman's Tavern, on the spot where the village of liichmond now stands. Then the Duke became very ill. He had sudden starts, disordered vision, convulsive movements of the limbs, and severe pains in the stomach. There was ample accommodation for the sufferer in Mr. Chapman's house, but His Grace having heard that Mr. Chapman was a Yankee, refused to be taken inside, and was with difficulty prevailed upon to allow himself to be carried into Mr. Chapman's barn. However, he received every possible atten- tion but his malady increased, and after a few hours of excruciating suffering, the Duke of Richmond was no more. This distressing occurrence has been attributed to hydrophobia arising from the bite of a fox, and the deceased nobleman was buried with great pomp and ceremony on the 4th of September following, in the Protestant Cathedral at Quebec. The land on the Upper Canada side of the Ottawa River is, on the whole, of good quality, Some of the front settlements are rough, stony, and gravelly, some poor and of alternate sand and clay, some light and sandy but well watered, G-loucester township having two fronts, one on the Ottawa and the other on the Rideau has in rear a clayey, and on the Rideau front a gravelly soil, while Osgoode, fronting on the east side of the Rideau River has a soil described as rich, black, and gravelly. The farmers soon became comfortable, and the village, or as it was called, the town oi Bytown, grew in wealth with the advancement of the sur- !t. 50 STATE OF HOCIKTV rounding country. The stores were ample for the wants of the community. They contained every- thing which a family needed ; the grosi^er woollen fabrics, coarse linens, strong cottor.s, heavy-boots, teas, sugars, molasses, needles and thread, wax and thimbles, hoes and pickaxes, spades and rakes, shovels and dog-irons. The shops were indeed stores of everything great and small from a needle to an anchor. There were smithies, or blacksmiths' forges, cobblers' shops, Hour and feed shops, taverns and livery stables ; but the haberdasher or the iron- monger, the merchant tailor or the perfumer, the fancy goods sho^) or Vienna warehouse, the grocer and Italian waiehouseman. nor the wine-merchant had not established themselves. There were few churches and fewer schools. There were no danc- ing masters and no gymnasts. The people were rude and unlettered, and the rising generation were even worse than their fathers, who had had, at least, the benefit, in early youth, of being brought up under the influence of an advanced civilisation. Necessarily, the young men growing up in the vil- lage of Bytown, who could not be sent off to Mon- treal, Quebec, or New York for the means of educa- tion, became roughs. They were being brought up, or rather, were growing up, as it were, beyond the influences of civilisation, and their manners were such as might be expected from such training. They had little respect for the fifth commandment. They anathematized horribly, and lewd ideas suggested, beastly language. The farmers' sons w^ere contami- nated by •' the Shiners, "' and '• the Shiners " were HTATK OI' socTirr^. 51 not improved by youiig moii. whoso, knowledge scarcely extended to the ten commandments, and whose fear of the law was only excited by the pre- sence of an itinerant magistrate, while the abuse of justice by some political charlatan combining the office of store-keeper and justice of the peace became simply a matter of ridicule. The ministers of reli- gion, when they appeared, were objects of aversion rather than o\' res]ieet. Horse-racings took place on the sabbath. The mob estimated crime and f)unish- ed it. One I'ellow cut off the ears of his neighbour's horse or shaA'ed its tail. A mob cut off the scound- rel's own ears or threw him violently over the Sap- pers' Bridge. Political feeling, so latt; as twenty years ago, " ran high" uncontrolled by moral princi- ple. Religionists were iutoler-iut of each other. Roman Catholic was arrayed against Protestant and Protestant against Roman Catholic. The two creeds, setting aside the precepts of that religion, the cause of which each pretended to espouse, cam<; frequently into contact. There were fights as between the different tribes of Israel in David's time. The champions of Protestantism and of Romanisui fought sometinies with sticks, sometimes with stones and sometimes with lire arms. H was dangerous for a resident of Wellington Street, tweuty years ago, on some occasions, to pass the Sappers' Bridge. It would have been equally dangerous for a resident of Church street to liavf crossed that celebrated structure and pass westward on the 5th of Novem- ber. There was neither toleration, nor good feeling. There was, indeed, scarcely order at any time, and 53 ROriAf- !'R*HaiE8M. at all times, order was liable to violent interruptions. All this has been altered, as ii' by magic. Now there are schools, the buildings being good, and the teachers being men ol' high education, of talent, and of character. Now there are Bishops of the Church of England and Church of Kome and eminent preachers of the Gospel in tht' Presbyterian, Metho- dist, and Congregationalist churches. Now there are Young Men's Christian Associations, an im- proved police, a respectable magistracy, agreeable and instructive public (Entertainments, and that de- gree of civilisation among all classes of the people which the presence of education on an extensive scale invariably jiroduces. Crime, or that rudeness, which is almost criminal without positively being so, no longer stalks abroad, feared and detested, but still iinrebuked. It is not to be expected that an uncul- tured boor (jould to-day insolently ask a command- ing officer of Royal Engineers to become cook to a wood-smack and receive the I'eply given^by Colonel By to the ruffian who had so insulted him, amount- ing to that inadvertently given by a Venerable Principal of th(i University of (rlasgow, to a persis- tent dun, who had rudely accosted him in the street — " ite ad infernam .'" All classes of the people are being more or less influenced by the great change which has come o^-^er Ottawa since the advent of the seat of G-overnment. Fine shops, vieing with those of Montreal or New York, in the character of their goods have sprung up ; societies for the im- provement, of knowledge in literature and science have' been instituted ; agreeable promenades have IMPROVED I>WEI.LIN<1». 51 been constructed : terraces of superior dwellings eayes-tronghs, or water-spouts ; and all the banks lif "S:: t ;'^'^*'" '"'' -'^^^^ structntes. The hotels are of the first class, so far aamanasomenti. concerned, and Ottawa n^w Z deed, aftords enough of comforts for both «an and S Sv. CHAPTER III. Itobollioi) Lo»r*os Hill— IJnttU'or HUmy Monday— Tho "Sliln(>iN"-('oik Town, The sanction given in 1849 by Lord Elgin, in hie capacity of Governor Q-eneral, to the Bill for the payment of losses austained by those who had })een in rebellion against Her Majesty in 1837-38, gave the greatest possible annoyance to the Tory or mer- cantile party of Montreal, and the fueling quickly extended to Quebec and other places. In Western Canada the " Grits " looked upon the action of His Lordship with more favor, but, on the whole, the English-speaking portion of the Province, were, in this matter, opposed to the Lafontaine-Hincks ad- ministration, as represented, more parlicularly, in Lower Canada by those whose vernacular was French or who resided in Griffintown, Montreal, Champlain street of Quebec, and in Letter 0, the headquarters of " the Shiners," in Ottawa. Lord Elgin did not seem to be particularly certain him- self, that he had done right, lor, after the outburst of indignation visited him at Montreal, his carriage being smashed and the Parliament Buildings very thoughtlessly burned, he sent the resignation of his office to the Secretary of the colonies, who politely refused it, and obtained for the Earl of BBBBLLION LOHMKH DILI. 65 Elgin aud Kincavduie th»» dipnity of a liaroii of the United Kingdom, to coinpou8aie> hiin. in some degree, for the abuse heaped u,>on him by the Mon- treal and other Tories, among whom were particu- larly noticeable, by the violence of his passion, the gallant Sir Allan McNab whoso promptitude in 1837 to meet the wisliea of Sir Francis Bond Head, pro- bably had the effect of saving the Province from greater tiUibustering eHbrts than were made against it. The feeling of gratilication on the one hand and of dissatisluction on the other, reached Bytown in September 184H. A meeting was called to take the matter into consideration. Lord Elgin had been going from place to place, receiving addresses, and, in Upper Canada, at all events, wan making up, to some extent, for the indignities which he had suf- fered ; and to these addresses he replied most ably. The very zealous towards him in Bytown conceived the idea of inducing him to visit the place, and a public meetina- was called, with that object. It met in the Market House in York street. There wa§ a vast attendance, but it was quite impossible to agree upon a chairman. A Mr. Harvey was about to take the chair when tho agiliition very much increased, and two men who had been scowling at each other came to blows. Everyl)ody seized the opportunity of striking some other body, and the shouts aud screams, and noise of blows were the only sounds heard until those in the hall had emptied themselves inl,o the street. There \vas ample room in York street for a row, and there was good limestone of a good size to be thrown by the hand. ' Shiners" i^i V* » ?:'. 66 UA'ITLE OF STt up, but it, nevertheless, did damage. A yoimg man, named David Borthwick, pursuing with only a stick in his hand, a " Shiner " who had a gun received the contents under his co.iar bone and dropped. Hie opponent, evidently, did not mean to hit, for ths ball first struck the ground and, rebound- ing, kUed the brave lad. The mortal wound of young Borthwick did not by any means stay the lighting', however. The battle was vigorously re- newed and the paving-stones were nearly as effect- ive a weapon as pistol bullets. The " Shiners " con- tinued to ^'etreat, and the T>oyal Canadian Rifles were called out. The bvigles were sounding loud and cleai', when the leaders of the victorious party called a halt. Three day;? later there was an aittempt to renew " The Battle of Stony -Monday " but this the authorities would not permit The Royal Canrdian Rifles took possession of the Sappers' Bridge and re- fused to permit ar.j one to pass either up or down whil'_ there seemed to be any sign of a disposition to riotous conduct. The firm, but temperate beha- vior of the Rifles had the desired effect, and Lord Elgin was permitted to visit Ottawa three years later, when he made a most able and effective speech ard having now grown into favor with nearly every- bovly Mr. Pope thufe speaks of " the Shiners ; ' — TIIK SniNSRS, 57 " For some years after the completion of the Rideau Canal the inhabitants were troubled with a class of people in their midst known by the euphon- ious so^bjiquet of " Shiners," better understood at the present day as rovjdies." " A feud sprang uo between some Irishmen and Canadians, and the llame thus kindled was soon fanned into alarming proportions ; so much so that Captain Baker, a retired artillery offio3r, and chief magistrate at the time, was compelled to order the people to arm and patrol the streets. The duties of the Captain were not of an envious character, for on him mainly rested tl e responsibility of quelling it by military interference, or tempering- matters in such a way as to allow the ill feeling to die out quiet- ly. The course he adopted vvas one of prudence ; and his persuasive arguments did more towards the accomplishment of the desired end than a volley of bullets." "As an instance of the lawlessness of the times* it appears the house of Mr. James Johnston was fired ?^ but the occupant escaped unhurt ; he was then assaulted on the Sapper's Bridge and saved himself by jumping over its westerly side near the arch. The snow was very deep, and he sank in it to such a depth as to be incapable of extricating himself AVhile in this dilemma, a large stone on the edge of the precipice caught the eyje of his assail- ants, which they attemi:)ted to hurl upon him, and in this manner to put an end to his life ; but it being firmly frozen to the bank they were unable to carry out their murderous intention for the moment. Foiled again in their object they resolved to sur- round him and to complete the work ; but the time- ly interference of friends not only thwarted them but finally succeeded in rescuing him altogether. Three of the gang were afterwards arrested and punished according to their deserts." *' Mr. Johnston it is thought, followed no par- fi 31 58 CORK TOWN. ticalar calling, and consequently having much spare time at his disposal, philanthi opically employed it in endeavouring to pacify the conflicting parties ; but in so doing unfortunately made himself obnox- ious — probably because he was too officious He was however subsequently rewarded by being elect- ed a member of the Provincial Parliament." " At hogsback a family were driven out of their house and a keg of powder rolled in for the purpose of blowing it up. The first match failed to accom- plish its object ; and the second one was anxiously watched by the Shiner who sat on the window-sill, straddle legs. The result was beyond his most san- guine expectations ; for his involuntary aerial ex- cursion, without the aid of a balloon, caused much mirth among his friends, who could not bu:t admire his abrupt and undignified descent." " There were a large number of shanties or ca- bins in the vicinity of the La} By — then called Cork Town — in consequence of there being none but Irish families living there. The heads of these were canal labourers, and were not characterized for in- ordinate love of peace or order. As a proof of this. Father M deemed it necessary to pay fre- quent visits for the double purpose of cathecizing and chiding his flock. On one occasion his ap- pearance was discovered before he had time to reach the Cibin of an old female delinquent, who cried out most lustily : " By the Holy Mary, here's Father M ." She then made for the window ; but so hurried was her attempt to escape, that not only did she eflfect it but took the window-sash with her round her neck. This anecdote was frequently re- lated by the reverend gentleman, whose risible fac- ulties were always excited at its recollection." •• It is related of a woman who, in addition to sel- ling milk, made a daily practice of begging mone^i and provisions. The old dame inhabited a "sand hole," at the door of which her cows were accustom- RETURNING SEK3E. 50 €d to wait to be milked. So successful was her mendacity, coupled with the proceeds of sale of her provisions, that in three years she and her family re- turned to the old country with the sum of eleven hundred pounds." " At a later period matters took the form of re- ligious strife, when Catholics and Protestants opposed each other, and acts of ruffianism and outrage were the order of the day. It became a necessity for peaceable individuals when invited to a little re- union to first possess themselves of a brace of pistols, as night was the favorite time for disturbance." " This state of things continued until 1849 when reason took the place of mob-law, the Shiners learned sense, and, as a natural sequence, peace and order were restored. It is pleasing to add that the city has ever since been comparatively free from crime." CHAPTEK ly. The Parliament Buildings— The Prlnco of Wales-rPrliioo Arthur— Thfl Ball— The Decorations— The Supper— The Honorable T\\o^. IVArcy MctJee, M. P.— Death of Mr.'McGce— Rldeau Hall— Sir John Rose— ilea of ffoUs. In approaching Ottawa, from whatever quarter, the Parliament buildings are most conspicuous. They stand out against the clear sky in all the beauty of seemingly varied architecture. Towers, pinnacles, buttresses, and gables are, in the distance, apparently, heaped upon each other, and only become well defined on nearer approach. Not exactly upon the highest point of land in the neigh- borhood of Ottawa they are still so situated as to be risible for miles in everv direction, and the effect is exceedingly imposing. The two Houses of Parlia- ment, the offices of the Executive Council and De- partmental buildings, forming three sides of a square are simply grand. The gothic windows, the im- mense turrets, the glittering spires, and the gigantic towers, together produce an effect which must be seen to be understood. They command a magnifi- cent view of the Falls of the Chaudiere, and of the lake above, studded with islets, and of the hilly country to the northward with the broad river im- mediately below. In speaking of them Lovell uses these words: "their splendor, their fine commanding site, together with the beauty of the surrounding scenery, place them in a very enviable position com- pared with other structures used for similar purposes. II n PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS. 61 and must ever be objects of interest to the tour- ist and stranger, and pride to the people of Canada." il75,000 was the original estimated cost of the build- ings, but unforseen causes, among which were ex- cavations which had to be made in the solid rock, swelled the sum to nearlv ^£4, 000, 000." The corner stone was laid in September 1860 by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. The main building covers an area of 82,866 superficial feet, is 472 feet in length, and 582 leet in depth, from the front of the main tower to the rear of the library. The body of the building is 40 feet high and the main tower and central entrance 180 feet. The lobby is supported by massive marble pillars of very beautiful work- manship, and the corridors, around both Houses, are- ornamented with fine paintings in oil of the Speak- ers of the two Chambers — some of the most noted men which this coUi try has produced. There are fine oil paintings of His Majesty George III and Queen Charlotte by Sir Joshua Reynolds, a magnifi- cent full length portrait of the Queen, a marble sta- tue of Her most gracious Majesty by Wood, and busts of Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, while the Speakers' Chambers are palatially furnished and decorated with historical paintings of great value. The Houses too are very fine, the galleries, capable of accommodating comfort- ably 1000 visitors are supported by marble pillars,, the windows are of richly stained glass, and, at night,, the House of Commons is lighted by gas jets, reflect-- ed from the roof which is of glass and stained wood. m ^2 THE rUIN(^E OV \VALF». [Ill III quite in keeping with the general character of the building. Around the face of the rock, fronting the river, on which the buildings stand, a curiously de- vised path has been made, with rustic seats, foun- tains, and every convenience for loungers. In front the grounds are being planted with trees, and as soon as the railing on Wellington Street is put up will present a particularly fine appearance. The Departmental buildings face inwards to the square, the eastern block being 318 feet in length and 258 in depth, and the western block 211 by 277 feet. They are built of cream-colored Potsdam sandstone, with the ornamental work in Ohio sandstone, and the external stone carvings are of a high order of ex- cellence. His Royal Highness the Prince of "Wales, as has already been stated, came to Ottawa in 1860 as part of an official tour made by the Heir Apparent of the Crow^n of England through Canada and partly through the United States. The Prince of TVales was accompanied by several men of great distinction. He was under the special guardianship, being then under age, of His Grace the Duke of Newcastle* Secretary of State for the Colonies, and was accom- panied by his Governor, General, the Honorable E.obert Bruce, brother to Lord Elgin. His reception in Ottawa was of the most cordial kind. All classes of the people vied to do him honor. Triumphal arches of huge piles of timber, constructed with wonderful skill, spanned the streets. Flags fluttered in tho breeze from every house top. As he passed from PK1N(3E ARrilUR, gg. street to street, cheers rang through the air. He was carried up the Grand River. lie was made to look upon the wonders of the Lake and the Falls, Zic was Khown the slides for bringing down timber Ip safety paat the Great Falls of the Chaudiere, and the miles of booms for conducting logs to the saw mill. He was showr how expeditiously matches are made and wa^' enticed to look upon the rapid revolutiono of the saw, as it cut out pails and doors, and sashes. He was walked slowly over the Suspension Bridge that he might feel the spray from the falls, and he was taken upon a drum of timber and carried down the slides upon a raft. His Royal Highness was delight- ed. He had indeed, every reason to be so. It was precisely similar with Prince Arthur, the youngest son of the Queen, who, coming to Canada in the fall of 1869 to join the Rifle Brigade, to which he had been appointed from the Royal Artillery, paid an official visit to His Excellency the Governor Gener- al Sir John Young (now Lord Lisgar) at Ottawa.- Everything that had happened to the Prince of Wales, except the laying of the corner stone of the Parliament buildings befel Prince Arthur. It was not however until the Parliament met that he was feted. The new buildings of which the corner stone had been laid by the Heir Apparent of the Grown of England was now completed. Prince Arthur was therefore invited to an entertainment provided at the cost of the Dominion, the like of which has been seldom equalled even in Europe. Lh ^4 THE nAi.r,. Of this feast the following descriptioi. is taken from the Ottawa Times : — " The Ball given injionoi of His Koyal Highness Prince Arthur, by the two Houses of Parliament, last night, was attended by upwards of 2,000 persons, representative of the rank, wealth, and beauty, of the Dominion. Soon after the doors were thrown open the guests began to arrive, and they kept dropping iu by dozens, till near the reception hour, when the lobby of the Senate was literally jiacked. On the outside of the Parliament Building a guard of honor of the GOth Royal Rilles was drawn up, while in the vestibule, immediately inside of the main en- trance, the Ottawa Garrison Artillery, under the command of Major lioss, were placed in file, facing inward, and lining the steps, leading from Wq Senate Chamber to the Hall in which the Commons meet. At nine o'clock the Royal party arrived. His Excellency the Governor General, accompanied by His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, Her Excellency Lady Young, and a numerous suite, having received i;ho customary military honors, the distinguished party were met in the grand entrance hall by a joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons, who led the way to the Chamber of the Commons, where His Excellency The Right Honorable Sir John Young, having on his right hand His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, and on the left Her Ex- cellency Lady Young, standing upon an elevated paltform, in front of the chair of Mr. Speaker, sur- rounded by the Ministers of State, and such of the persons of distinction as were honored with the entree^ held a levee. The arrangements were admir- able. Notwithstanding the extraordinary number to be presented, there was not the slightest confusion. The vast throng moved in at the lower entrance ■door for memlSers of the House of Commons, where the party to be presented gave a card to an orderly placed at the door to receive it, remaining for a mo- THE BALL. 66 ment or two, under the direction of Col. Bernard, one of His Excellencv's aides, until those who had gone before and who had been presented, had passed off through the Upper door and through the library into the Senate — for the ball — when he was per- mitted to approach, and pay the resx^ect which is due to the representative of Her Majesty, the Queen of that great empire of which this Dominion forms a part. " In the gallery of this Chamber the band of the 60th Royal llifles were placed and discoursed sweet music. Refloored and made quite level from wall to wall, the bar of the House being removed and the throne being used as a dais, a more finely ar- ranged ball room can scarcely be conceived. The paintings of Her Majesty the Queen, and of Her Majesty's ijrandfather and grandmother were in the Chamber, and the other walls were hung with im- mense mirrors, festooned and draped with banners and flags. A wreath of red, white, and blue bunt- ing threaded through the gothic openings over the marble arches of the galleries, the richly stained glass windows over the throne being illuminated, vases of artificial flowers, beautifully true to nature, standing against the gallery walls, and a perfect flood of light pouring over the dense mass, who promenaded through the room, or mingled in the dance, produced an effect which, without the heightening effect of those who moved about in it, can only be described as grand. The lobby or cor- ridor of the Senate Chamber, was decorated in the same tasteful style as the Chamber itself Over the main entrance was the plume of His Royal High- ness the Prince of Wales, and on each side of the entrance were the letters P. A. in purple velvet strewn over with flowers, while pier glasses, of great size, were placed around the marble hall itself, the recesses of which were carpeted and fitted up as a grove in which the orange tree blossomed, and rare plants seemed to grow. The wardrobe IH 66 THE HUPPEK. 11 i of the Senate, with its liiK^ paintings, rich carpet, mahogany tables and soCtly cushioned solas, sufficed for a card room, and indeed there was no want of such accessories to the gay and festive scene, every committee room being at the service of such only as cared for a rubber of whist. A large room, the entrance to which i^ from a corridor, in rear of the Senate Chamber, answered the purpose of a refresh- ment room, where viands, coft'ee, and cakes were, without difficulty, procured. " As the ball went on, the lobbies, and every available space of room around the ball room, proper, was occupied by dancers, and the scene was one of positive enchantment — from the variety and richness of the costumes of the ladies, and the uniforms of the officers of the different services, every branch of the army having, apparently, its re- presentative — from 0' gorgeously arrayed High- lander to the darkl\ ossed Eilleman, and gayer scarlet and blue of the other corps in Her Majesty's service. " The officers of the House were in Court dress. •' Lady Young was superbly dressed. " His Excellency the Governor General wore his ordinary robes of state, with the addition of white silk small clothes, silk stockings, and buckled shoes; and the Committee of both Houses wore white rosettes on the breasts of their coats, to distinguish them from the other members of Parliament, and the plainly dressed civilian guest. " The supper was beyond all suppers of our re- collection. It was a trophy of honor to Messrs. Kavanagh and O'Meara, who provided it. There was everything that the heart of man could desire, prepared in a style of excellence which has no where been exceeded. Numerous as were the guests, the wants of all were attended to so soon as an entrance to tln3 table could be secured. The dis- play of silver plate, the huge cake pyramids, of every imaginable shape and device, and the abun- ^ ^ DKATH OF Mn. McOEE, M. P. Qh dance of cliquot, mumm, and bouzy, with, rare sack and crusty old port, heiffhtened the animal enjoy- monts of oatinj[^ and drinkinj^ to a degree hitherto unparalleled in the annals of feasting." The parliament buildings, on another occa- sion, presented a scene tho very opposite of that we have just described. The windows were darkened, the walls were hung in black, and mourning was on every face. One of the ornaments of tho House of Commons, the member for West Montreal, had, early on the morning of tho 7th of April, 1868, fallen by the hand of an assassin. The House had risen about two o'clock that morning, and Thomas D'Arcy McG-ee immediately preceding the adjourn- ment, had made one of those brilliant and telling speeches for which he was famed. On his way to his lodgings, he was followed and shot dead. Where there were many talkers, few good speakers, and with the exception of the limited number of gentlemen, immediately on the right and left of Mr, Speaker, no debaters, Mr. McGee was indeed an orator. He studied his every utterance, and spoke with an ease and fluency which betrayed the excel- lence of his memory. Besides, his was a kindly nature. Personal enemies ho had none. In a word, . Mr. McG-ee was a martyr to the hate of an organiza- tion, wild in its schemes, prejudicial to the best in- terests of his countrymen, a nuisance to Canada, a source of annoyance in the United States — one of those politico-epidemic curses, which afflict a cer- tain class of people, and produce a mania leading oftentimes to most deplorable results. He fell in oa DKATH l)K MB. McOKK, M. V. Sparks' street, as ho was in the act of putting the key into the door of his lodgings, Mrs. Trotter's Boarding House, in what was then known as Des- barats' Block. Mr. Desbarats shortly after the melancholy event, caused a tablet to be inserted in the wall of his house, at the spot where Mr. McGee fell, but the whole building, including the large establish- ment of the Queen's Printer, the Hon. Malcolm Cameron, and Mr. Desbarats' own extensive estab- lishment — printing-oifice, book-bindery, and stereo- type foundery — was, about a year afterwards, totally destroyed by fire, when the massive limestone walls, to the great surprise of every person, who witnessed it, crumbled to atoms, and fell down, and the tribute to Mr. McGree, raised at Mr. Desbarats' private cost, was destroyed. The House of Commons unanimously voted a i)onsion to the widow aud daughter of Mr. McGee* and the expressions of regret at the tragic occurrence did credit to the gentlemen on the Opposition benches who, in the warrath and earnestness of their utter- ances, were in full sympathy with the impassioned language, modified by sadness, which, in the fullness of his heart. Sir John Macdonald, as leader of the government, made use of in alluding to the deplor- able event. The following character of Mr. McG-ee, in no- ticing a history of his life in the Times newspaper, may not be out of place here : — "So sharp, cruel and treacherous, and unexpect- ed was the end of one who had filled a large space Mr. McGEE'.S CHARACTI 69 in the public eye, that it needed nothing else to awaken public sympathy to the rawits of the Hon. Thos. D'Arcy McG-ee, or to make it apparent that a public loss had been sustained in his death. The sorrow even that was felt for his wife and daughters seemed obliterated in the regret for the loss of the man himself. His many excellent qualities of head and heart, his enduring love of country and his natural sense of justice, covered up from view all the shortcomings of a brief but chequered career. No words were strong enough to point out the great wrong done to society in his death. No language could be earnest enough to depict the many good qualities of which all, who had come in contact with him, knew him to be possessed. The brilliancy of his public utterances, the manly openness of his mind, the gentleness of his demeanour, and the sin- cere zeal which he had manifested for the social weal of his own countrymen, combined with the preservation of peace and good fellowship, among all origins and creeds, which it was his aim to culti- vate, contributed to excite an intense feeling of horror at the cruel audacity of the act which had deprived him of his life, and which manifested itself so immediately, so spontaneously, so acutely, and so universally in the public exhibitions of sor- row, which grew out of it. The Parliament and the Press, the Pulpit and the Bar deplored the loss which had been sustained, and public provision was made for the nearest of his surviving relatives. There was no other possible compensation to his family, and the injury to mankind was irremediable. In the tumult of sympathy it almost seemed as if the talents, if not the virtues of Mr. McGee, wer3 too highly rated. And, perhaps, they were. Nevertheless, now that the calm has succeeded to the burst of indignation and the storm of human sympathy which immediately followed his death, there is still enough of " greatnesss " left to Mr. McG-ee to be publicly dealt with, and impartially Mh. Mc(3EE'S OHAIiACTER. ■* S^ i discussed. Mr. McGee was humhjy born and humbly educated. A loving mother, superiorily endowed lor the wi*'-- of a man iu the social standing of his father, who was in the Coast Gruard Service in Ireland, seems to have given him much of that early training, which he afterwards turnetl co such excellent account; and a strong loving ixeart, in himself, brought fo 'h those fervent and patriotic expressions of resentment for the fancied wrongs of others, from the consequences of which he escaped as by a^miracle, becoming Conservtitive of Church, and State, and law and order after he had reached that maturity of intellect which enabled him to discriminate between the seeming and the real. In no sense, however, was Mr. McG-ee a statesman, and in some^sense only, was he a poet. In that latter sens'^, Mrs. Sadlier haa shown Mr. McGree to grea*^ advantage. She has done more than that. 1a er sketch, which is eloquent, perhaps even highly co- lored, affords the true likeness of the man. It pourtrays the man of genius in the eccentric im- pulsesof the^youth." In the New Dominica Monthly Mr. John Reado thus speaks of Thos. D'Arcy McG-ee the poet : " Like'many others of the sons of song, he was, by force of reason or circumstances, early separated from his first love — not, as we shall see, by any quarrel,' but probably because the alliteration of poetry and poverty did not present to him very pleasant prospects. So he parted from her — only seeing hor now and then — hoping, one day, when fortune had found him, or he had found fortune, to come or"calltand sing once more. Alas ! loves that are^thus* slighted, ev'en if they remain true, cannot be expected to keep all the strength and beauty of their youth. So the reader need not be surprised if we say that Mr. McGee, the lecturer, and Mr, Mc- Gee," the fltateamaUj did — during the days of the as- ^•' > 'y. . :p;! y^i^lV ''7w^; ^f SfR JOHN ROSE. /^l cendancy — no little violence to Mr. MoG-ee, the poet, " And yet, the first love had been faithfully re- membered. Never, for a day, wap there the slight- est intention of repudiating her for the sake of any of those iavoritf>s that, for the time, might seem to occupy her throne of affection. She was, in fact, rapidly rising into acknowledged queenhood — the crown was just slanting upwards to her head — ■ when th< deed was done. " We discover in these lines the natural bent of Mr McGee's mi ^I. He was, as we have said, es- sentially a poet. Everything connected with poet« and poetry had a charm for him that nothing else afforded. In the lines under the heading, ' 'Twas glorious then to be a bard ' we iind a^ enthusiastic an appreciation of the poetic gift and oSice as ever we remember to have seen. They may be found among the ' occasional verses' appended to his ' Canadian Ballads,' pi^blished about twelve years ago by Mr. Lovell. Similar in tone are these lines from his poem on Sir Phelim O'Neil. " Infelix Fe- lix:" O ! clear eyed pocU>, ye who can descry, • ' ' Through vuigar heap.s of dead, where iicroos lie, Ye, to whoso glniiee tlie primeval ml^t Is clear, Behold, there lies a trampled nohic here I Hhall wo not loivoa mark " Shall we not do .Iiibiico to oiu) so lmt<^d and so tnio. His high ideal of a poet, and his aspiration after that ideal, are hei 3 very manifest. There is in these lines, too, a strangely prophetic app^' '»,bility to the sad close of his ov^n career. Among others to whom (jttawa may lay a kind of clairi, is the Honorable Sir John Rose now of London, England, who held the high position of Minister of Finance, in the Dominion Q-overnment for a considerabl*' period of time. Like one of the mo«t ceie^/fated of England's chancellors, }^ir BDI n MEN OF NcrrE. John worked his way up in the world by his own energy, industry, tact, and perseverance. As a very young man he was a tutor in the family of Major Boulton of the Royal Engineers, while that officer was stationed in Bytown, and, becoming a member of the Bar of Lower Canada, by the mere dint of pluck and continuous study, combined with unswerving probity, he first attained eminence in his profession, and afterwards entering into the arena of politics, reached a position of which any man might be proud. But there are others of whom Ottawa may justly boast as being among her residents. They are men in the humbler walks of life, taking only that part in politics, which all men of intelligence, and who love their country, inevitably take. They are not even to be mixed up with those men of business whose energies have contributed so much towards the advancement of Ottawa, in a commercial point of view, but are men of genius, whose talents reflect lustre at every turn, and, foremost among these is the almost self-taught sculptor, etcher, and painter. Burns. He it w^as, who contributed to the art beauties of the city, in the design of that magnificent edifice, erected for Messrs, Hunton & Shoolbred, in Sparks «treet ; and about whom, like the inspired dcsiprner of the Scott Monument, there seems to be that taste for combina- tion of styles of decoration, almost amounting to originality of conception. Then there is Mr. Wil- liam McKay, a house decorator, who is, indisputa- bly, a genius. He is an inventor of several useful things, such as t|ip magic mirror, in which the RIDBAU HAlyL. 78 human face divine, may be seen in «Ii its aspects and multiplied fifty-fold; and his well-known character for taste gave him the contract for the supply of those rich windows of stained glass, with which the Houses of Parliament are enriched. The residence of His Excellency the Governor General is in New Edinburgh and is commonly called Rideau Hall. It is a large plain, but conven- ient building, surrounded by 35 acres of well laid out grounds, and there are beautiful avenues of Aaded treds attached. Now Edinburgh is a small village on the Gloucester side of the Rideau, which is rapidly growing into something closely approach- ing to a suburb of the city. It hiijs mills and some fine private residences particularly that of Mr. Currier, M. P. -^ 10 CHAPTER Y. Gaol and Oonrt House— A Woxien Allegory— Th« Roman Catholic Cathe- dral— Chrlst'M Church— The Bishop's Chapel-St. Alban's— Rev. Mr. Johnston— Catholic Apost-ollc Church— St. Joseph's— St. Andrew's, Bank Street, Methodist, and other Churches— Other Public Buildings— Tnai- dantal RemarkK. S t.. The Gaol and Court House of Ottawa, two distiiict and very fine buildings are ornamental to the city, and are situated on Daly street. The gaol is a model in so far as its internal arrangements are concerned. It is heated by hot water pipes, is roomy, well ventilated, and admirably kept. The governor is Mr. Powell, a brother of the Sheriff, and the excellence of whose management is fully admitted. Strict without being severe, firm but judicious, he cominands the respect of those placed under him, and has the confidence of the Counties Council, whose officer, under the Sheriff, he may be considered to be. It was in front of this gaol that Whelan, tried and convicted of the murder of Mr. McG-ee, was hanged, nearly a year after the perpe- tration of the crime. The Court House is not yet completed. It is a spacious and handsome structure. The rooms are commodious, and every comfort made for judge and jury, the accused and the public, the members of the bar, and the officers of the different courts. The A WOODEN ALLEGORY. T6 former Court House was destroyed by fire on a cold winter's morning, in January, 1870, and the present one is to supply the place of it. The building bears on its front the Royal arms, finely cut in Ohio sandstone, by Mr. Somerville, sculptor, Rideau street, and is surmounted by a large wooden image, meant to represent " Justice." This wooden image has a pair of scales in its hands, seemingly made of iron, and if it receive, as it will need, a coat of paint once a year, it will not produce a moi-e hideous effect on so fine a building than is geneially anticipated. " Justice " sometimes needs a coloring. Here, a yearly coat of paint is indis- pensable to the beauty of the wooden-headed " alle- gory " surmounting the Court House of the County of V arleton. (hie object of attraction is the Roman Catholic Cathedral, situated on Sussex Street, It has two toweis of light, open, gothic work, 200 feet high. The ceiling is 65 feet high, and the church 200 feet long £nd 72 wide. It was founded in 1841, andean contain a congregation of 2,000 souls. This really handsome structure, which was finished in 1 864 is built in the early English style and although not presenting a goi vroous interior has still a highly respectable appearance. Everything is light and neat — pulpit, u;»lleries, and altar. There are several fine oil paintings and one -the " flight into Egypt" isatxributtnl to Murillo. The organ is a very superior xn^s^trument It was built m 1849 by Oas84^rant and restored in IH61 by Mitchell. The 76 OHTTBCHBS. wubaisement is 120 feet in length, 72 in breadth, and 17 feet in height. The Bishop of the Diocese is the Right Revd, Monseigneur Guigues, and the Vicar- General the Rev,. D. Dandurand. The oldest chnrch in the city is, however, Christ's Church of the Church of England. It stands upon the promontory at the end of Sparks street, and, from its dte, one of the finest views imaginable is obtainable. The whole north shore with its densely wooded, hilly aspect, the basin of the Chaudiere^ the mills and immense piles af lumber and the ra-pidly rolling riv^jr, form a landscape, peculiar of its kind, and particularly attractive. The church Wfis built forty years ago, the primeval forest having been eut down to make a place for it, and, some years since, under the ministry of the Revd. Ilr. Stiong, it was enlarged to its present cruciform shi\pe. The church now accommodates about 1,000 people but it is intended to build a new church at a cost of $40,000 of very much larger dimensions, and in a style of architecture befitting the capital of the Dominion. Six years ago a parsonage house was built, which is now occupied by the Rector, the Rpv. J. S. Lauder, M. A., at a cost of $7,000 not in- cluding the Bite, and which is considered one of the best in anada. ^ The Bishop*s Chapel on the corner of Susset and Rideau streets, as it Vv'^ere, was built originally for a School House, but has ever since its erection been used as a Chapel of Ease. This year. His Lordship the Bishop of Ontario having decided CHURCHES. 77 > upon residing permanently in Ottawa, a wing was added, and the name was changed to that which it now bears. It is really a very pleasing edifice in the gothic style of architecture, but it would be very much improved were it surmounted by a spire about the centre of the building, rising from the ground. St. Alban's Church of the Church of England h situated on the corner of Dalv and Kinj? streets and was erected in 1867. The style of architecture is gothic. It is said, indeed, that it is one of the most correct gothic edifices in the province, but it certainly has a not very attractive exterior. The architect was Mr. King Arnoldi, whose work, how- ever is not yet complete, as the Chancel tower and vestry have still to be erected ; a temporary Chancel, arranged inside of the east end, is Used at present Thfe church was opened for Divine Service on Sep- tember the 8th, 1867, and the whole structure, in- cluding a splendid basement-story, of the same di- mensions as the church, was completed in six months. At present there is comfortable accommoda- tion for 350 persons and when the church is com- pleted it is expected to seat 500. The building of this church, the cost of which was over |10,000, is chiefly due to the zeal and energy of the incumbent the Revd Dr. Jones, the chief contributors being a few friends from various parts of the Dominion, and the gentlemen of the Civil Service residing in the neighborhood. The seats being all free, large numbers of the poor and working classes availed s^ !« $ mo CHUROHIW. themselves of the benefits to be derived from the ministrations of Dr. Jones. All the expenses, in- cluding the stipend of the clergyman are defrayed by offertory collections. The only other Churches of England in the neighborhood is the one in New Edinburgh, that of St. Bartholomew, of which the Revd. Mr. Hig- ginson, is incumbent, near the residence of His Excel- lency the Governor General, a small gothic btiilding neat and unpretending, capable of accommodating about 250 persons, and that at Hull, of which the Revd. John Johnston Chaplain to the Senate, is the in- cumbent. The latter is really a beautiful little church, •tyled St. James'. It was erected about four years ago, to replace the old St. James' Church, destroyed by fire, and which is said to have been the first Bacred edifice built on the Upper Ottawa, Bytown being then only an oUt-station in connection with it, the clergyman in charge at St. James' being in charge also of the church congregation in Bytown. The Revd. Mr. Johnston, the present incumbent, has been thirty years doing duty in Hull, and to him the changes which have taken place in the way of church extension since the commencement of his ministry cannot seem less than marvellous. He is to-day the same pains-taking minister that he ever was, and rejoices heartily at the progress which has been made. In an upper room of the house, in Hull, occu- pied by the minister in charge, the Revd. Ed. J. W. Roberts {Episcopus) the members of the " Catholic Apostolic Church" assembled for worship and prayer ' CHURCHBRW TO when the seat of Government was remored to Ot- tawa. The whole congregation, including priests, deacons, under-deacons, and deaconnesses, only numbered 150 souls. The church was first organiz- ed in Ottawa, in the year 1855, under the charge of the Revd. Joseph Elwell and fell under the charge of Mr. Roberts in 1856. In 18']0 it was found ex- pedient to remove the altar and hold the service* thereat in Hull. Again the Church is back in Ot- tawa a very neat gothic church having been built at the corner of Albert and Sally str<^ ;ts, in 1870, and the officiating clergyman is still the Revd. "W. Roberts, the priests being Mr. Alpheus and Mr. Al- fred Todd, and Messrs. Webb and Curtis. Being a small congregation, the members of which are much and widely scattered, all the ser- vices which, under more favorable circumstances would be fulfilled by it, are at present impossible Those actually fulfilled are — 1st. The Holy Eucharist, with a preliminary forenoon service, be- ginning at 10 ... M. ; and Evening Prayer, at 5 P. M., every Lord's- Day (Sunday). The Holy Eucharist, at 10 A. M., every Tuesday, and on all the principal festivals of the " Catholic Church ;" Evening Prayer daily, at 5 p. m. ; and Forenoon Prayer, with th« Litany, at 10 a. m., on "Wednesdays and Fridays. The general doctrines held and taught, of all, with- out doubt or dispute, are embodied in the thre« Creeds, commonly called ; " the Apostle's," " th« Nicene," and " the Athani\sian." The particular dif- ferences between this and similar congregations and otiiers, consists : Ist. In the former believing in an 80 CnUHOHEB. Universal Centralizing Ministry of " some Apostles, some Prophets, some Evangelists, and some Pastors and Teachers',' having divine authority to care for and to minister to all the Churches of the Baptized, binding all together in one doctrine, one fellowship* one breaking of bread, and one object and hope of prayer with Apostles, both those who were in the be- ginning, and others believed to be given in these days; and 2nd. In an assured faith and lively hope of the second personal (as distinguished from spiritual) coming of the Lord Jesus Christ, to receive His whole Church — the great body of His faithful bap- tized people — unto Himself, some by resurrection and others by a change of their bodies ; to destroy " the beast and the false prophet," and to set up His Kingdom in visible power, glory, and honor, upon the earth. The name " Catholic and Apostolic" is assumed because it is the true name for the whole Church and serving aa a connecting link with all who profess and call themselves Christians, and are baptized into the one body — the church. The ends contemplated, in all the services of worship and prayer are, first, the restoration of all the Churches of Christendom to unity and peace, as members of the one Holy Catholic Apostolic Church" and ultimately to that spiritual as well as corporate Ecclesiastical condition, in which they need to be in order to be ready for the Lord's second coming, " as a Bride adorned for her Husband." St Joseph's Eoman Catholic Church is situated on Wilbrod between Ottawa and King streets. It was built in 1857 and was enlarged in 1866. It belongs to the Society of the Missionary Oblats, is CHURCHE8. gi built of stoiio, and cost about !|20,000. The first parish priest was the Rev. F. Trudeau, whose me- mory is still held in veneration, and who was suc- ceeded by the Hev. F. Corbett Coopman. The Rev. J. Gruillard is the present parish priest, and ' has held that position since 1802. There are 220 pews in the church,which accommodate one thousand persons. The choir, presided over by the Revd. F. Derburt, is a very fine one, and the organ not much inferior to that of the Cathedral. The congregation is Irish and French, and the preaching- alternates in French and English. The church is most ad- vantageously situated, and adjoins the " Ottawa. University." * St. Patrick's Church, Hugh street, between Nepean and Grloucester streets, is not ^ et completed. It was designed to supply the place of the exceed- ingly plain building in Sparks street, called " St. Andrew's Church," originally occupied, it is said, by the Wesleyan Methodists. It is truly the ugliest sacred edifice, interiorily and exteriorily, on which eye ever rested, but has a good organ. Two or three years ago, the members of this congrega- ' tion, urged thereto by their excellent pastor, the Revd. J. J. Collins, began the erection of the new St. Patrick's Church, but the undertaking was un- happily interrupted, owing to some misunderstand- ' ing with regard to the proceeds of a bazaar, got up with the view of helping towards its erection. The new building will be, when completed next sum- mer, of which there is little doubt, the largest place 11 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) i-e-*-- 1.0 I.I f 1^ IliU ''HI i ^\ «« Mm III 9.2 UUi. 1.8 " 1.25 u 1.6 1 — : .■:.:-,.-..■ ^ 6" - ► ^¥

• r,^'./ ^ ^>Jl^^'.. >«^ d? / Photographic Sciences Corooration S. ^V ^^ ^ ^\^ '\ :\ <^ % -f^.l^ 6^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. U580 (716) 872-4503 ^ :% c^ w 82 CHURCHES. ol" worship in the city. It was commenced early in the spring of 1868 and the styl(» is English gothic. There will be a clear story rising above the aisle- walls, and the extreme length of the building will be 195 feet and the width 76 feet. The height of the spire from the ground will be 204 feet. It is perhaps worthy of remark that there is no debt on the site or building with the exception of |579 of a balance to be paid for material on the ground Other- wise, the property is free from all encumbrance and the pastor is fully confident of the closing in of this line edifice next summer. The Eev. Wm. H. Sheehy is Vicar of St. Patrick's. St. Andrew's Church, in connection with the Onurch of Scotland, stands on "Wellington street. It is beautifully situated and has some fine old trees within the grounds. Commodious and comforv;able it is nevertheless plain within and equally plain without ; but the congregation is rich, zealous, and enterprizing, and the clergyman pious, learned, an^ earnest, with an addition thereto, that rarest of all gifts, the gift of preaching sensibly and well. The first minister of this church was the Rev. John Cruikshank, now a minister of a parish in the north of Scotland. He was succeeded by the Rev. Alex- ander MacKid, since retired from the duties of the ministry ; by the Rev. Mr. Durie, who died and was buried on Sandy Hill, where a monument has been erected to his memory by an afl'ectionate brother; and by the Rev. Alexander Spence, D. D., who studied at Edinburgh and Aberdeen, and was ordained on the CHURCHES. go 22nd February, 1841, as the first minister in con- nection with the Charch of Scotland, in the laland of St. Vincent, West Indies. Mr. Spence was in- ducted as pastor of St. Andrews, in this city on the 17th July, 1848, and resigned on the 28th October, 1867, being succeeded by the Rev. Daniel M. G-ordon, B. D., the present able incumbent, on the 17th De- cember, 1867. It is gratifying to know that a magnificent new structure is about to be erected on. the ground on which the present church now stands, at an expence of $60,000. As yet the finest Presbyterian Church in the city is that known as the Bank street Church, in which the exemplary and painstaking Rev. Wm. Moore officiates to a large and highly intelligent congregation. It is a gothic structure, very neatly fitted up and capable of accommodating 700 persons. The spire is very conspicuous being visible from every quarter of the city, and towers up into the clear sky a distance of 162 feet from the ground, and on the whole is an erection creditable to the city. Knox's Church, in Daly street, is another of the Presbyterian churches in Ottawa, which is the re- verse of a painted sepulchre, being beautiful within if not particularly attractive from without. It was built in 1845. It is, in a word, a frame build- ing, and cost about |3,000 while it accommodates be- tween 600 and 700 people. It is intended, we be- lieve, -very shortly to erect a new edifice on a cor- ner lot adjoining the present church. I ■ ;: Ml m 84 CHURCHEH: Presbyterianism is thriving here as everything else is. The Rev. Mr. McLaren, a pious and excel- lent man, succeeded the Rev. Mr. Wardrope, who was called to G-uelph two years ago. The Congregational Church, a neat stone build- ing situated in Town Hall Square, corner of Elgin and Albert streets, Centre Town, was erected in 1862, and is capable of accommodating over three hundred persons. The denomination to which i belongs, first appeared in the beginning of the Re- formation, and have ever since occupied the front rank of the dissenting bodies in that country. At present, in England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, the United States of America, and other parts of the world, they have more than seven thousand churches in fellowship with one another. The Church in this city was formed in 1860. In the be- ginning of 1859, the Colonial Missionary Society, London, England, determined on the commence- ment of a Congregational cause here, no doubt deeming such a movement of especial importance, as Ottawa had been selected as the future Capital of the Canadas, — and with this object in view, the Committee entered into correspondence, on the sub- ject, with the Can. Cong. Missionary Society, and> under the auspices of the two societies conjointly, the Rev J. Elliott, formerly of Bury St. Edmunds, England, who is now pastor of the Church, entered on the undertaking in July of that ysar. The few in Ottawa who were prepq^red to join in the under- taking, rented the Temperance Hall, in which reli- gious services were conducted till 1862, when, with the generous aid of friends in the cause of England 1| imi ^ i«u CHURCHES. 85 and Canada, their chnrch edifice was erected and opened in the course of that year. In 1865 an effort was successfully made to wipe off all the debt that remained on the building ; and last year a handsome end gallery was erected, an organ intro- duced and both paid for. The only debt now re- maining on the property is part of the price of the site-payable 20 years from the time of purchase — and when this is paid the value of the whole will be about 18,000. The Trustees are Mr. James Foote and Mr. John Lamb, sen. The Baptist Church, Queen Street (nearElo-in^ was erected in 1862. The building is of stone. 40 feet by 50, cost $4,000, and will seat about 300 people. The first pastor was the Rev. J Maclde who was succeeded by the Rev. R. J. Lan^nido-e' The Rev. Mr. McPhail is the present pastor. " ° ' The Wesleyan Methodist Church, situated cor- ner of Metcalfe and Queen streets, was opened m 1853. It is a plain, substantial, stone edifice with- out any exterior adornments, but well finished and comfortably seated in the interior, having a o-allery on each side and in front. The church is about 80 feet long by 55 feet wide, with parsonage in rear on Queen street, and cost, originally, fifteen thousand dollars. The Rev. Mr. Stephenson is the pastor of this church, having succeeded a very learned and excellent man, the Rev. Mr. Harper, about two years ago. Mr. Stephenson is distinguished for the aptitude of what he says of spiritual matters in con- nection with the concerns of real life. He is a man of far more than ordinary ability, of strong literary tastes, and exemplary in his intercourse with the : I 86 CHURCHES. [ m members of other churches. A preacher of the gospel, he is evidently free from that mere *' cant,'' which is too frequently mistaken for zeal, and never attempts to strain scriptural truth to meet sectarian dogmas. The Methodist Episcopal Church, York street, was built in 1844, during the pastorate of the Rev, James G-ardiner, and re-built during the year 1867. It is a handsome brick building, with white brick corners and window arches, and a basement of stone. It is situated at the corner of York and Dal- housie streets, and will accommodate over 400 per- sons ; is provided with a fine large basement for the use of the Sunday school, and is worth about $6000. This congregation has established branches in various parts of the adjacent country, and organized what is now a flourishing cause at the west end of the city. It is now under the pastoral care of Rev. Mr, Abbs. The Methodist Episcopal Church, Ohaudiere, is situated at the corner of Queen and Bridge streets* is a good substantial frame building, painted white, and capable of accommodating 250 persons. It was opened for Divine Service on the 25th December, 1864, and is worth about $3,000. This congrega- tion has succeeded in organizing a very flourishing Sabbath School. It is now under the pastoral care of the Rev. Mr. Lane. Besides the churches and other public buildings there are several buildings worthy of notice in the city. There are two public hospitals for the care PUBLIC BUILDINGS, 87 :.$: and cure of the sick — one called the " County of Oarleton Protestant Hospital," on Sandy Hill, and the other the " Greneral Hospital," under Roman Ca- tholic influences and control, in Bolton street. Both institutions are admirably conducted and eligibly situated. The bank buildings are beautiful specimens of the architectural art. There are several bank build- ings, indeed, only in the course of er^'ction — " The Merchanto' Bank," on Sparks street, the building for the Bank of British North America, in Wellington street, and the Union Bank at the corner of Rideau and Little Sussex streets. These are all handsome and substantial structures, but for elegance of design and symmetry of proportion, the " Bank of Quebec" is unsurpassed by any building in the city. The foundation of a fine new structure for the branch of the Bank of Montreal in this city, on a site adjoin- ing the Times office, is being laid while we write, and will doubtlessly be one of the most imposing edifices of the kind in the metropolis. The private residences recently erected, and the business houses, are very handsome structures, Sussex street, in a business point of view, is a very fine street with spacious shops, but the finer buildings of the busi- ness class, are probably to be found in Sparks street — those of McGree & Russell ; Allan, McKinnons & McMoran ; the wholesale establishment of Grarland & Mutchmor ; and the beautiful business house of Messrs. Hunton, Son & Co., being cases in point. There are excellent sporting facilities, in the neighborhood of Ottawa. The rivers and lakes ] 88 INCIDENTAL REMARKS. Hi' abound with fish and fowl, and there h only a very short distance to travel to get at them. Even in the " Raging Canal " there are maskinonge, and all the back lakes have fine trout. Nothing is wanting to the resident of Ottawa but learned leisure to insure the most perfect happiness, as the climate is the most healthy that possibly could be desired. There are no plagues, nor any other pests if forest fires be excepted. The people are all growing wealthy, and streets are being built where a dozen years ago there were swamps. There are steam fire engines, and all that the heart of man could desire except water-works to make man comfortable. Ottawa is, we repeat, making rapid progress, covering a space of three miles in length and about as many in breadth but having no good place of amusement — no theatre, nor any proper Music Hall, and a v/retchedly ugly looking City Hall. Time, however, will speedily remedy those drawbacks. CHAPTEli VI. The Pres.s-Tho First NewspaiH)r publi.shoil in Ottuwa-The Bytowii Tnde- \TX:~''\yT" ''•^^'^"«-T»>« Ottawa Aavoeat<>-Tho Packet- ll,e Cltizen-The Monarohi.st-The Omngo Llly-The Railway Times- r' ''"~'^"" ^'"""^''^ ^^^'"^"'y Ci.-vzetlo-The Baiuier-Tho Dally Nows- ,0 Tribnne-l.e Courrlor d'Outaouais-Thc Tlmc-The Dally Uovlew-Tlic Volunteer Review. ""•'"tiuij- Newspaper progress in British America has been, m the fullest sense of the term, extraordinary In 1764, over a hundred years ago, the Quebec Ga- zette, a very small sheet, was first published at the City of Quebec, in French and English. It was not however until 1816 that the first Ontario newspaper appeared, while at that period, in both Canadas, there were altogether only five newspapers pubUshed in the Lower Province and one in the Upper. The first newspaper in Bytown only made its appearance m 1849, fourteen years after the foundation of the town. Now there are 255 newspapers printed in Ontario and 96 in the Province of Quebec, and the numbei is daily increasing, while there are at this moment, published in the city of Ottawa alone, six daily newspapers. The great increase in the num- ber of newspapers printed and circulated in Ottawa is indisputably due to the network of railways spread over the Province. The Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways have given the Toronto Globe, the Toronto Telegraph, a d Toronto Leader an impetus, 1 'i 12 iS DO THE PRBfla. which, without it they could not possibly have ob- tained. The railroad places these newspapers on the breakfast-tables of the reading pojiulations of towns, hundreds of miles to the eastward, westward, northward, and southward of Toronto. The rail- road, indeed, is the great news distributor, and rail- roads having hitherto been more common in "Western Canada than in Eastern Canada, or the other Pro- vinces of the Dominion, the progress of newspaper literature has been consequently greater, in Western than in Eastern Canada, one fact not being over- looked, that the majority of the people of Upper Canada read and speak the English tongue, while in Lower Canada the bulk of the city populations, and, nearly the whole rural population, speak French, ard are not so particularly interested in Knglish news or English politics, or so greedy of the acquirement of such information as the Teutonic tribes seem naturally to be. The first newspaper published in Ottawa was intituled " The Bytown Independent " and was es- tablished by Mr. James Johnson, a man of consider- able energy and no inconsiderable talent. It was published in a house at the corner of Bank and Wellington streets, immediately opposite the present Gk)vernment workshops, which was this year torn down to make way for a new building. On the easterly gable of the building were two small win- dows, which, together, resembled somewhat a pair of spectd-cles. This house, when the Independent was printed there, belonged to an odd genius, named La,timer, a shoemaker, whose conceit this spectacular THE PRBBB. 91 gableeiid attic waa. The Independent was soon fol- lowed, in the same year, 1840, by the Bytown Oazette and had for its editor, Dr. Christie, the hrst medical man who had established himself in Ottawa, an4 who held the sometimes comfortable, if not import- ant position of " Clerk of the Court." Dr. Christie was succeeded in the editorial chair of the Qaxttte by Mr. W. F. Powell, who became, afterwards, r. mem- ber cf the Parliament of Canada for the County of Carleton, and now holds the distinguished posi- tion of Sheriff of that county. The paper after- wards fell into the hands of Mr, Alexander Q-ibb, a barrister of some note, and possessed of very consi- derable ability as a writer, who edited and publiahed it for five years, when it was managed by Mr John McLaren for a short time, and, ultimately falling into the hands of Messrs. Healy and Yielding, the latter gentleman becoming one of the members for the city, possibly through its instrumentality, it col- lapsed. In 1844 the Ottaiva Advocate, published by Mr. Dawson Kerr, the present proprietor and publisher of the Volunteer Review, made its appearance, but it did not stay long upon this gay and festive scene. It was succeeded, in 1848, by the Packet, esta- blished by Mr. Harris, who, soon afterwards, sold it t > Mr. Henry J. Friel, afterwards Mayor of Ottawa, a man of excellent understanding, like Dr. Christie *' a Clerk cf the Court," and who died very unex- pectedly, and much regretted, two years ago, while ^O . THE PRESS. holding the position of Mayor, wbon he received the honors of a pubhc funeral. The Citizen also appeared in 1848, Mr. J. Or. Bell being its proprietor. li soon, however, passed into the hands of Mr. Robert Bell, a gentleman of good education, of very considerable talent, and to whose enterprise and energy, the railroad connecting the Ottawa and St. Lawrence is principally due, and who represented the County of Russel], in the Parliament of Canada, for several years. To-day it is the property of a newspaper man by profession, Mr. I. B. Taylor, who holds also the position of Parliamentary Printer, and with whom it seems to be alio;;»ether a success, Mr. Y. W. C. liidgeway is the managing editor. In this same year ihe Monarchist made its ap- pearance, the publisher and editor being the Mr. Powell already alluded to, who shortly afterwards sold it to Mr. H. J. Friel, who changed its name to that of The Union, in 1854. In 1852 The Orange Lily, edited by Mr. W. P. Lett, the present talented City Clerk, a poet of no mean account : was established by that 'udefatigable newspaper publisher, Mr. Dawson Kerv, who, in 1854, himself edited and publv-^hed Th'' Raihoay Times, into which The Orange LVy had bu' ded. The first newspaper, in the French language, published in Ottawa, appeared in 1856, and was named Lt Progres. It was cleverly edited by Mr. A. L. Malhio THE PUKftS. 9a In 1867 The Canada Military Gazette was osta Wished, but by whom we have not ascertained. a The Banner saw the light in 1858. It was the pro- perty of Mv. Andrew Wilson, a t^ventleman of very consJderable enterprise and indisputable perseve- ranee, who afterwards, in 18G4, chang(3d its name to the Daily News, which sfUl exists under the same proprietorship, being cleverly edited by one of his sons, Mr. — Wilson. The Daily News is. indeed, quite .1 family affair. The head of the family looks after the business of the concern, and his sons and daughters edit and print the paper. The business of Mr. Wilson, it is almost unnecessary to say, has been eminently successful. The Tribune, which appeared in 1860, was sold by Mr. Burke, to Messrs. O'Oo mor and Friel, who having made it the organ of the Roman Catholic Bishop of the Diocese, Monseigneur Guigues, it was most ably conducted and edited by the Revd. Dr. O'0x)nnoT, His Lordship's secretary. L? Courrier d' Ottawa made its appearance in 1861 and was the proper y of Dr. J. E. Dorion, who consented to its lusion wif Lowor Town— Tlic Ijiimber Tr.ulo— Reinut of tlio Minister of Piibiio Worlcs— Slidos and Boom Stations on the Ottawa River and its Trllfnturlf.s— Le Breton's Flats— Tlio Cliaudiero— Messrs. IJronson & Weston— Mr. A; H. Baldwin— .Mr. .J. R. Booth— Mr. E. B, E. Portage du Fort 156 " f 10. Mountain 161 " ,^ , 11. Calumet , 163 :^* v"'-^' 12. Joachim Rapids 249 ?' ';^^^^ . ■ -W "'^^ ^- THE LUMBER TRADE. 101 ^ The works at these twelve stations consist of: — 2,000 lineal feet of canal ; 3,834 do. slides ; 29,855 do. booms ; 346 do. bulkheads ; 1,981 do. bridges ; 52 piers ; 3 slide keepers' houses, and 3 store houses. The necessity for the construction of dams at certain additional points on the Ottawa, so us to attbrd the means whereby a more abundant supply of water can be obtained for use in the slides, is a.fyain urged by parties interested. The lumber trade of this district has now attained such increased pro- portions that the work on which the supply of water to the slides is dependent, which answered their purpose tolerably well while the trade was in its infancy, have become inadequate to perform the services required, the result being that during dry seasons the passage of timber through the slides is difficult, owing to the scarcity of water. His Excel- lency the G-overnor G-eneral was pleased, by Order in Council, dated the 18th May, 1870, to authoiize the incorporation by patent of the " Ottawa Lv.- provement Company," a society formed for the pur- pose of effecting improvements on the upper waters of the River Ottawa, to facilitate the descent of tim- ber, the Company binding itself to adhere to certain specified conditions. GrATiNEAU E.1VER. — In ascending the Ottawa, the Gratineau is the first tributary possessing Go- vernment works. These works are all at one station, about one mile from its coniluence with the Ottawa. They consist of: — 3,071 lineal feet of canal ; 4,138 do. r m 102 THE LUMBER TRADE. f ms J;: booms ; 52 do. bridge ; 10 piers ; and one slide- keeper's house. Madawaska River. — The Madawaska is the second tributary in ascending the Ottawa, on which the Grovernment has provided works for the descent of lumber. List of the names of slide and boom stations on the Madawaska, numbered from the mouth of the river, upwards : — 1 Mouth of river. 2 Arnprior. 3 Flat Uapids. 4 Balmer's Island. 5 Burnstown. 6 Long Rapids, 7 Springtown. 8 Calabogio Lake. 9 High Falls. 10 Ragged Chute. 11 Boniface Rapids. 12 Dnsk's Island. 13 Bailey's Chute. 14 Chain Rapido. 15 Opeongo Creek. The wt ks at these stations consist of: — 1,750 lineal feet of slides, 18,179 do. booms, 4,080 do. dams 182 do. bridges, 43 piers, 1 slide keeper's house, and 1 work shop. The slide at High Falls sustained considerable damage in the spring of 1870, in consequence of the unprecedented height of the river, the water of which passing over the Nagle dam, caused a breach in that work, through which the debris, mingled with large quantities of logs, escaped. This mass, on coming in contact with the slide, tore down five hundred feet of that structure. Efficient measures were taken for the reconstruction of a portion of the damaged work, so as to admit of the season's lumber being passed through. This accident and the gene- rally decayed state of the slide, will, it is feared, THB LUMBER TRADE. 103 necessitate its being entirely rebuilt before the be- ginning of another season. The Coulonge River.— The Coulonge is the third tributary, in ascending the Ottawa, on which the Government has placed slides and booms. The following is a list of Government works on this river : — Boom at the mouth 300 .eet ng, and one support pier. Boom at Romain's Rafting ground, 400 feet long, and three support piers- Boom at Head of High Falls Slide, 1,848 feet long, and six support piere. Black River. — Ascending the Ottawa, the Black River is the fourth tributary upon which works have been placed. The "Works consist of: — 1,139 lineal feet of single-stick booms. 873 lineal feet of slide. 346 feet of glance pier. 135 lineal feet of flat dam. The Petewawa. — This is the hfth tributary in ascending the Ottawa, upon which Government Slides and booms have been made. Seven miles from its mouth the Petewawa se- parates into two branches. On these seven miles there are five stations ; on the north branch there is eighteen stations, and, on the south branch, eight stations. List of the slides and booms on this river, in the order in which they occur, from the mouth up- wards :—l Mouth of river. 2 First Chute; 3. Second Chute. 4 Third Chute, 5 Boisdur. North Branch. — 1. Half-mile Rapid. 2. Crook- ed Chute. 3. Between High Falls and Lake Tra- 1! >f :n MmmSlli 11 1 '( 104 THE rilTMJJER TRADK. i verse [a slide and a series of dams and booms]. 4. Thompson's Rapids. 5. Sawyer's Rapids. iJ. Meno Rapids. 7. Below Trout Lake. 8. Strong Eddy, 9. Cedar Islands. 10. Foot of Devil's Chute. 11. Devil's Chute. 12. Elbow of Rapids, 13. Foot of Sault. 14. Middle of Long Sault. 15. Head of Long Sault. 16. Between Long Sault and Cedar Lake (south shore). 17. Between Long Sault and Cedar Lake (north shore). 18. Cedar Lake. South Branch. — 1. First slide. 2. Second slide. 3. Third slide. 4. Fourth slide. 5. Fifth slide. 6. Sixth slide. 7. Seventh slide. 8. Eighth slide. The works at these 31 stations are as follows : — On the Ma-IN River.— 2,363 lineal feet of slides, 8,469 lineal feet of booms, 2,077 lineal feet of dams, and 7 piers. On the North Branch.— 380 lineal feet of slides, 2,671 lineal feet of booms, 1,131 lineal feet of dams, and 23 piers. On the South Branch. — 2,134 lineal feet of slides, 388 lineal feet of dams. Riviere du Moine. — The sixth and last tribu- tary of the Ottawa upon which the Grovernment works have been executed is the " Du Moine." The leno-th of this river is about 120 miles, and it drains an area of about 1,600 square miles. It flows into the Ottawa from a northerly direction at a point about 256 miles above Ste. Anne. The works on this river, consists of a pier and retaining boom at its mouth, a single stick slide, and a series of flat dams from the mouth upward. They may be de- THE LUMBER TRADE. 101 800 tailed as follows, riz : — 300 lineal feet of slide, lineal feet of booms, 1,324 dams, and 6 piers. From this extract it will be evident to all that tht G-overnment have been at great expense already in developing- the Ottawa and its tributaries, and that still further improvements are intended by a Company which will render this natural highway to the Sea, still more valuable to the lumber trade of Canada. "We will conclude this division of our subject by another little extract from Mr. Langovin's report showing the quantity of timber which passed down the Ottawa, during a year, from July, 1869 to July, 1870. " Through the Chaudiere Slide from Upper Ot- ta\7a country there passed the following products of the forest : 13,851 cribs of square timber contain- ing 300,689 pieces. 196 " of deals. 81 " of flatted timber. Total 13,628 Through Hull slides from the Upper Ottawa : — 213,143 saw-logs. 2,300 pieces of flatted timber. Through the G-atineau booms and other works : — 496,099 sawlogs. 7,002 pieces of square timber. 1,124 " " flatted timber. 1,123 " " round cedars. which does not include the vast quantities of sawlogs brought down to supply the Chaudiere Mills." 14 106 THK liUMKEU TRADE. i 1 L i Crossinf^ Pooley's Bridge, named after the con- structor of the first bridge over what is termed •The G-uUy,' one of the outlets of Lake Ohaudiere — Lieutenant Pooley, of the Royal liliigineers, — is a level tract of land called " Le Breton'w Flats," or more ordinarily '• The Plats." Those " Flats " are occupied by a particular population, the employees chiefly of the immense manufacturing establish- ments of the Chaudiere. There are some very line private residences, however, of stone, and some good shops, or stores The '* Flats," indeed, are al- most a distinct town. The stir is greater than in any other section of Ottawa, and the movements o vehicles, laden with manufactures, is continuous. This level tract of land is surrounded by immense piles of deals, intersected by tramways, and two railways have termini on its western border — the Canada Central, and the Ottawa & St. Lawrence. On the north side of this part of the city are those large manufacturing establishments which contri- bute so much to the wealth of tlie locality. Some of these establishments it is now necessary to de- scribe, and, in doing so, we unhesitatingly take ad- vantage of the writings of others, believing that ^^leTe is little more to be said than has been already .itten by the contributors to Messrs. Hunter & jse's Directory and by the author of " The Lum- ber Trade of the Ottawa Valley " Me.38rs. Bronsons & Weston established them- selves in 1853, and were the first to take up land at the Chaudiere for the purpose of establishing a saw mill on a large scale. THE LUMBEH TRADE. 107 They are now proprietors of two large saw mills, a carding and grist-mill, lath and splitting mills, and own a largo tract of land used as a piling ground — the whole premises extending from near the wooden bridge to the point of the island. They get out annually about 175,000 logs, producing be- twe«n 30 and 40 million feet of lumber, of which from 5 to 10 million are always kept on hand. The large mill contains 2 stock gangs, of 30 to 40 saws ; 2 slabber gangs, 14 to 16 saws ; 2 Yankee gates, 32 saws ; 1 single saw ; with the necessary butting and edging saws. The smaller mill con- tains 1 slabber gate, 1 stock gate, and butting and edging saws. The wheels employed are Rose's improved and the Lamb wheel. The lath mill conta7ns two gangs for sawing laths, 5 or 6 saws each ; a butting apparatus and picket saw ; and a splitting mill for slabs ; and pro- duces 10 millions of laths. In addition to their saw mills, this firm have an extensive grist and carding mill They employ for six months of the year, in shipping the productions of these mills, 26 barges with 5 men each, 4 steam- boats, 9 men each ; in all 222 men. It requires $3,000 to pay the weekly wages of the employees of this establishment. Mr. A. H. Baldwin commenced business here in 1853 and owi^s two saw mills, a machine and blacksmith shop, and a ship yard for building barges. He gets out annually about 125,000 logs, i 108 THE LUMBER TRADE. hi ^ t ^ is ■ ; -.fit- making 25,000,000 feet of lumber, and employs m the larger mill 1 arge slabber, 24 saws, 1 stock gang, 40 saws, 2 i ankee gates, 32 saws each, and 2 butting and edging tables ; in the smaller mill there are 2 Yankee gates, 1 edger, and 1 butter. The wheels employed are Rose's improved. He also owns 14 barges, 2 steam tug.?; and one steam barge, manned by 80 men, and j^lves employ- ment throughout the year to about 400 men. The iihip yard, which has been in operation for about four years has turned out 16 barges and one steam barge, whose engines were made in the ma- china shop, owned by Mr. Baldwin, and employs 12 to 15 men. Mr. Baldwin sawed and shipped the first lumber for the American market, from the Chaudicre, and in company with Messrs. Harris, Bronson &; Co., brought the first logs down the Ottawa from the Des Joachims, and also brought down tiie first logs above that point. Mr. J. R. Booth first established business at the Chaudiere in the year 1858 by the manuf icture of laths, and now carries on extensive opeiations in sawing pine lumber. His mills are situated on the south shore of the Ottawa, just below the falls, and manufacture annually from 26 to 30 million feet of pine lumber, of which 12 to 15 million feet are always on hand on his piling grounds, which cover a space of about 10 acres of land. These mills are fitted with, gang and circular saws as follows : Throe gangs containing 40 saws ; 3 slabber gangs containing 18 to 20 "aws ; 1 Yankee gate opn- THE LUMBER TRADE. 109 taining 36 saws ; 1 large circular saw for dimension timber ; and a large number of circular saws for butting and edging. The power employed is derived from the waters of the Chaudiere, assisted by 14 Rose's improved water wheels, 2 loi- each gate, and upright and central discharge wheels. This establishment gives employment, in the winter time, in the woods to about 850 men, and 300 teams, and in the summer time at the mills to 400 men and 40 teams. Mr. Booth gets out 8 or 4 rafts of square timber in the season. Mr. E. B. Eddy carries on the largest business in the manufacture of the products from our forests, on this continent, converting the timber of his enor- mous estates into every description of useful artiole from saw logs and lumber to woodan ware and lucifer matches. The business was first established in 1854, when Mr. Eddy commenced his operations in this section of the country, manufacturing matches ; and such are the resources of the valley of the Ottawa, and the immense advantage.^ of the water power of the Chaudiore, that be, with the characteristic enej^Bof his race, has been enabled to build up Ir^Mf^fn^lron a gigantic scale, the productions of which are of vast utility to th" people of thi"? continent. TVe give here the annual productions of these mills, and will speak more fully of the processes of manufacture hereafter. .*% i-* V Iw^' 110 TILE LUMBER TRADE. Eddy's mills and piling grounds cover a large tract of land on the north shore of the Otttiwa, at the Chaudiere falls, and extend from above the falls to the island opposite the Parliament buildings. They consist of one large Pail Factory, built solidly of stone ; a Match Factory, also of stone ; four saw mills of great extent, built principally of wood, and numerous other buildings, offices, &;c., necessary to such extensive operations, including a sash, door, and blind factory, and a general store. In addition to these mills, Mr. Eddy has built a double track railway of over a mile in length which runs from his mills to the further extremity of his piling grounds, and enables him to disi ribute and pile the enormous amount of lumber produced, ex- peditiously. These mills manufacture annually about 40 million feet of pine lumber, of which there are always from 8 to 10 million feet en the piling grounds. They also manufacture annually 600,000 pails, 45,- 000 wash tubs, 72,000 zinc ^^ash boards, and 270,000 gross of matches, besides the productions of the sash, door, and blind factory. The saw mills are fitted with gang and circular saws of all kinds and sizes, and the whole establish- ifPffl; gives employment to from seventeen to eighteen hundred persons, many of whom are girls employed in the manufacture of matches. In addi- tion to these there are about four or five hundred men employed in the woods, where Mr. Eddy owns " limits" — a tract of land ol about 500 square miles i. ir THE LUMBER TRADE. Ill ill extent, the greater part of which is forest, but there are also some cultivated lands, and a growing village called Fort Eddy. The force employed in driving the mills, is de- rived frc .1 the unliinited water power of the Ottawa, assisted by mechanical agencies of modern inven- tion, and is equal to about 600 horse power. The Match Factory, the most extensive of its kind in Canada, consists of a range of buildings con- taining two machine rooms, two dipping rooms, two large packing rooms, a warehouse and shipping office, besides engine house, and drying rooms. It is built on the North side of the Chaudiere Falls, and the machinery is worked by water power. There are few who possess any knowledge concern- ing the making of matches. These useful articles are here manufactured in inconceivable quantity. The process of their production is a most ingenious one, and can be carried on with great rapidity. The factory, of course, is occupied by machinery which now-a-days performs its part so extensively in every stage of mechanical labor. Mr. Eddy employs about a hundred men, boys and girls the whole year round. Many people who use these matches doubtless have wondered how so great a number can be given for so small a sum ; but when the process of their manu- facture comes to be briefly explained, the reason will probably be understood. The business is conducted in two buildings. In one department of the factory proper is a bench containing a series of saws, the work of which is to cut to a proper length and groova the boards intended for the boxes, that hold f; 112 THE LUMBER TRAUE. each, a quarter of a gross of matches. These boards are cut and grooved with astonishing rapidity, and are fitted in their places with equal speed ; so that no fewer than fifteen hundred boxes can be turned out in the course of a day. In one part of the fac- tory is a powerful machine for preparing wood to be formed into matches. A log is cut up by a cir- cular saw ; the boards are then pushed under a X^laning machine, where they are planed to a pro- per thic]aiess. Another set of saws are next brought into requisition, which cut the boards into blocks of the required length. The breadth of these blocks does not require to be uniform so long as they are all mated, as each x^air of blocks as they are placed in the machine together, must be precisely of a size. These blocks are now carried into a room in which are three telegraph match machines. They split the blocks into the size of the match in the following manner : a mould of steel is fitted into the back of an iron bed, so that it projects slightly, but corres- ponds to the depth of the block of wood. This mould has running lengthwise through it a series of holes, the size of the match in thickness ; each hole alternates with a very small chisel. The wood is placed within a holder leading across to the mould. The machine is then started ; the wood lying upon its liat side is forced Pgainst the mould endwise, and the matches are forced through horizontal grooves in the iron, the one propelling the other into a rack placed in its proper position by a boy who takes it when full, and presses down the rack by a machine t y THE LUMBER TR/DK. 113 until the matches are all firmly held within it. These racks are placed in boxes and carried across the street to a buildings where they are dipped in a vessel of boiling sulphur, and afterwards into a preparation of phosphorous. When dried they are shaken upon a bench ; a little girl takes them by the handful, and packs them into boxes. There are engaged in box- ing the matches about twenty-five girls, who earn at it very respectable wages. The rapidity with which the process is performed is wonderful, for as many as thirteen of these boxes can be closely filled and covered by one person in a minute. The estab- lishment employs a number of men, and a great many boys and girls, and can turn out about 500 gross per day, that is to say 2,000 boxes. The fac- tory, by the employment it affords, is of much benefit to the city. The pail factory is a large stone building of three stories high near the principal saw mill, where pails are manufactured at the rat6 of 2,000 pails and 150 wash tubs per diem. Every part is made by beautiful machinery. In one room the staA'^es are sawn into regu- lar sizes, in another the bottoms and hoops are manu- factured, in another the handles are tarned. and in another the various parts are joined together, planed and finished. The pails are then taken to the painting room, where they are painted and grained by patent India rubber rollers. They are then finished oif and fitted with handles, after which they are packed in hay and made ready for shipment. The Saw^ Mills, which are four in number and u if g' ■Af ■\ » . i J ^ lU THK LUMBER TRA' ¥, V of great extent, contain every description of gang and circular saws, numbering in all 243 saws, The capacity of the saw mills is equal to the^ sawing^ of 200,000 logs per annum. * >.'.*" Perley & Patt6e established themselves in the year 1857, and have A'ery extensive mills on the Chaudiere Falls, with large piling grounds, through a portion of which are laid lines of rail for distribut- ing, piling, and shipping the lumber. They get out annually about 150,000 logs ; producing SO to 40 million feet of pine lumber. They employ a large number of men through the year ; on an average over 800. Their mills are furnished with 2 slabbing gangs of 20 saws each ; 2 stock gangs of 40 saws each ; / 2 Yankee gates of 32 saws each; 1 single gate and 1 re- aawing gate, with the usual complement of circular saws for butting and edging. The wheels employed are Rose's improved, 1 pair to each gate ; and centre discharge for circular saws. This firm get out 500^- 000 feet of square timber per annum, making, alto- gether about six rafts. * * "". ^ * "v^ ^%:??^- Levi Young, first established his businoid at the Chaudiere in 1854, and owns one saw mill, getting out and sawing about 100,000 tons in the year, pro- ducing about 20,000,000 feet of pine timber. He employs one slabbing gate of 40 saw^s ; one stock gate of 40 saw^s ; one Yankee gate of 32 saws, and the necessary edging and butting saws. The wheels employed are Rose's improved, 1 pair to each gate. In addition to this Captain Young gets out annually about tHree rafts of square timber, employing through the year from four to five hundred men. - .J. ' ■* ^ ■»*!■ TMK LUMBER TRADK. lU Ml Wright, Batson & Currier's Steam Mill is situ- ated in the Village of Hull, (P. Q.), with 24 acres of land attached and enclosed, and with excellent piling grounds and shipping docks adjacent. The milli contain five gang saws, one large circular saw for cutting building timber, also saws for cutting laths, clapboards, &c. The capacity of these mills from May 1st to December 1st, is thirty million feet ; th» quantity usually cut averaging from sixteen to twenty-five millions. The timber limits belonging to this firm are situated on the river Madawaska, and are six in number, containing in all 275 square miles. There are three farms on the limits, well stocked with cattle and provided with convenient buildings, offices, &c. The main depot is at G-riffith, Renfrew, where there is a Post Office, also a general ■tore, blacksmith and carpenter shopi, &c. The average number ol men employed all th« year round ranges from 250 to 300 exclusive of those employed in freighting lumber away. The Gratineau Mills, belonging to Messrs, Q-il- mour & Co., are situated at the village of Chelsea, about eight miles from the city of Ottawa anJI nin« miles from the junction of the Gfatineau with the Ottawa river. The scenery above and below the mills in exceedingly romantic and beautiful — four or five* rapids and cascades, and sloping banks to th® water' lii edge, covered with trees and foliage, render this portion of the river most picturesque and charm- ing. The mills are situated on the south bank of the G-atineau a)>ove the high falls, and are surround- 'A 1 'i I <*> 116 THK Lr.MHER TRAUK. • H-^ ,M: I! i ed by a series of booms and works of j^reat magni- tude, upon which immense sums have been expended' The whole of the saw-logs which descend the Gati- neau are caught in these booms, and a very faiat idea can be conveyed to a stranger of the immense amount of skill required to separate those belonging to the Gatineau Mills from those belonging to differ- ent manufacturers below. During the summer this point of the river pre- sents a scene of bustle and animation of the most ex- traordinary kind, and as the firm employs literally an army of workmen, the scene can be better ima- gined than described. Below the booms, the worst point of the river has to be encountered by the logs descending the ptream, and it is frequently enlivened by the appear- ance of perfect islands of stranded timber, technically called Jams, and the efforts of the owners to set them afloat exhibit scenes of daring and endurance seldom witnessed elsewhere. The mills belonging to Messrs, Grilmour & Co., consist of two large substantial buildings, and a smaller mill for preparing lumber for the American market, and they were commenced about thirty years ago. The water power used is equal to about iive hundred horse power. There are 13 saw gates containing about 220 saws; and twenty edging, butting and re-sawing circular saws. These mills will manufacture 230,000 feet, board measure, in eleven hours, or about 85 millions of feet per season. About one-third of this lumber is cut for the Quebec THE LUMBER TRaDK. j j^^ market, and the balance for the United States. At- tached to the mills there are about three miles of wooden canal for conveyinsr the sawn lumber to the piling grounds. Messrs. Grilmour & Co. possess tim- ber limits to the extent of 1,700 square miles, whence they obtain the requisite number of saw -logs to sup- ply these extensive worl:s, and 1,000 men receive emplo3rment from them during winter and 500 in summer, including lumbermen, farmers, surveyors, &c., &c. They also employ 250 spans of horses and 80 yokes of oxen ; and during each season they con- sume 40,000 bushels of oats, 600 tons of hay, 1,500 barrels of pork, and 8,000 barrels of floir, besides large quantities of clothing, boots, shoes, tea, tobacco, blankets, &c., &c., &c. These mills are amongst the most celebrated in the country, not only for the ro- mantic beauty of the sur:. ounding scenery, but for the perfection of the machinery employed and the order and good management exhibited throughout them. We must not omit to mention that upon their timber limits this firm has no less than nine farms comprising in all about 1,500 acres ; the land is ex- cellent ; as much as fifty bushels of wheat to the i;/»Te having been raised some seasons. Of course this is above the average, but the yield is generally excellent. The whole of the produce of these farms is consumed by the employees of the firm. On the banks of the river Gatineau they have four principal depots, from which supplies are sent to the lumber- men at work in the woods. One of these is distant upwards of 200 miles from Ottawa. This firm payi s i- 4 118 THE LUMBKR TRADM. h»i from $275,000 to $380,000 iii wages annually. Mr. Mather is, and has been for some years the Manag^er of the Qatinean Mills. The mills and limits formerly owned by Messrs. Thomson & Co., Buckingham, are now the property of Messrs. Lo Moyne, G-ibl) & Co. One of the part- ners, Mr. McPherson LeMoyne resides at Buck- ingham, and personally superintends the whole business ; he was also the managing partner in the late firm of Thompson & Co. These Mills are situated on the river Du Lievre, about four miles back from the Ottawa river, and in conjunction with the mills belonging to Messrs, Jas. Maclaren & Co., on the opposite side of the river* have control of one of the finest water powers in Canada ; the falls are 70 feet in height, and the river Lievre being very deep and supplied by many large lakes in the north, th^re never is any scarcity of water, even in the driest summers The timber lands and limits on the west side of the Lievre are held by LeMoyne, Ciibb & Co., and those on the east by James Maclaren & Co. The mills, which are quite new, having Just been rebuilt, are of large size and fitted with every modern improvement, to .save labour and to do good sawing ; they have already cut up 125,000 logs be- tween the 15th May and the 15th October. The business done at present is about 200,000 logs a year, which iiro sawn almost entirely into 3-inch deals for the Quebec market. A slide over two miles in length conveys the timber from the mills to the Basin, where Ml • w THI LUMUKK THADK. 119 the thin lumber is taken out and piled, and the deals are run into the water and rafted up into cribs. All the logs sawed at these mills are made on tho tributaries of the River du Lievre, which drains an immense extent of country. The two firms that work on this river have, at their own expense, built very expensive slides to pass their logs OA-er difl'erent falls, and also constructed many booms, piers, ^c., at different points, the Government never haying ex- panded anything on the River du Lievre for im- provoments of any kind, though the public have for very many years derived a large revenue from it, Hamilton & Co., Hawkesbury Mills, is one of the largest of the great milling establishments of the Ottawa Valley. It is situated about 60 miles from Ottawa city, on the south shore of the river, ner ilie head of the G-renville Rapids. There are included in this establishment, four saw-mills, together with a grist mill, with four runs of stone, for the production of Hour for the use of the raftsmen, shantymen, and other employees, as well as for the neighbouring far- mers. The mills contain 101 vertical saws and 44 circular saws, driven by 72 water wheels, n jd turn out from 35,000,000 to 42,000,000 feet of lumber per annum. About five huTidred men and boys are em- ployed constantly by ihe firm at Hawkesbury alone, in summer. Some conception of the immense ex- tent of the operations of this firmi may be formed when we say that more than 3,000 tons of agricul- tural produce are consumed annually. The Honourable John Hamilton resides at mmmam^mmi 120 THTJ LUMUKR TIlADE. HawkeHbury ; and the whole village and establish- ment bear evident signs of opulence and comfort. The limits from which these mills obtain their supply of timber are situated principally upon the rive-s Rouge, Gatineau, and j)u Moine. Messrs. Hamilton & Co. bring down from their limits 200,- 000 logs, on an average, annually. CHAPTER VIII •oneloslon— Ottawa a Fteld tctt Immigration— Boochette'w prcdkUon of CaD«da'a Futurj— Flni«. Ottawa, as the capital of a Dominion, {K« future greatness of which it is almost impossible to predict, was the original field on which emigiaticm experi- ments were made. It was to this section of country that, after the peace of 1815, and aft^r the gallant army of England had achieved the long and san- gninary, but glorious campaign, whch terminated in the memorable battle of Waterloo, hundreds of officers and soldiers, crowned with honors, were sent and had grants of lands conferred upon them as re- wards for military services^ these bei.tg followed by other individuals, whose fortunes or circum- stances had been impaired by the cessation of the war. Here, indeed, that tide of immigration first commenced to flow, which has added so wonderfully to the political importance of Ontario, and to this section of country emigration from England is being again especially directed. The first systematic emi- gration consisted of about 700 natives of Scotland, who commenced the now flourishing settlement of Perth ; the next took place in 1818, when another emigration was efiected from Perthshire in Scotland, under the direction of Mr. Robertson, the settlement MMiMlt '*l'f 122 BOUCHErrB, 111 11,: Iti' I beiug at Bt-ckwith ; and in 1820 another emigration of 1,100 persons took place from Glasgow, and were located in the townships of Lanark and I/alhonsie. Grovernraent granted to these people one hundred acres of land to each hea.d of a family, and the fiim of JCIO sterling to each individual emigrating. The inducements to emigrants now are of another char- acter — probable independence, conv*mient home markets.; all the necessaries and most of the luxuries of life within a few years after the first settlement in the country, good roads, a free government, ample protection to life and property, wealth to the few, and happiness to all. Bouchette, the historian, not of Canada only, but of British America thus prophetically speaks, concerning that consolidation of British interests in America, the almost complete realization of which has made Ottawa what she is, and bespeaks for her a future, the full extent of which can more readily be conceived than credited : — '* Turning our eyes from Europe towards the U litod Stales of America, to consider their position with regard to our colonies in the west, the political weight that attaches to the latter as appendages to Great Britain, strikes the mind with very great force. The United States have a seaboard frontier •exceeding 2,000 miles, and, although, its defence has been a favorite object with the Government of the Kepublic the efficient attainment of that end must be, and, indeed, we believe, has been found extreme- ly perplexing and difficult. The United States, however, have another frontier no less extensive and far more vulnerable— it is the frontier on New Brunswick and the Canadas ; three British Provinces I : t FUTUIIE OF CANADA. 123 which to nse the words of an able writer, ' hang heavily on their flank and rear, and (extending the remarK to Nova Scotia) overhang and command their coast.' Here the geographical position of the British Dominion offers a powerful check to the United States, dud gives to England a guarantee against their commercial, maritime, and political ascendancy. Let us, for a moment, suppose that the Provinces are involved in the vast American Con- federacy, a .d that, therefore, the mouth of the St. Lawrence is in the keeping of American ships of war and American forts. The effects are obvious. The whole agricultural wealth of the immense fertile regions, drained by the St. Lawrence, would be poured into the coffers of the Republic, the maritime energies of the country would be more than quad- rupled, its territorial aggrandizement would be almost incalciilablo, a?id yet its chances, and means, of de- fence be amazingly enhanced, inasmuch as the ex- tent of frontier would be diminished by about one- half, and the practicability of its protection be aug- mented in a proportionate degree. In the same ratio that the power of the "United States, would, under such a supposition, be heightened, should the maritime preponderance and the resources of Great Britain be weakened, and she w^ould behold the fairest portion of America in the hands of a riral nation, disposed, already, to measure its strength with her in the contest for naval and commercial superiority. But the supposition we have indulged ma}'', by some, and we apprehend with justice be considered very speculative ; we have entertained it, nevertheless with a view of pointing out a few advantages that would be thrown into the opposite scale, were the colonies ever to pass, by conquest from their present allegiance, to another. Nature, however, seems, in some respects, to have designed things otherwise and casting a glance into futurity, when at some after period the colonies shall have grown into opulence and power, we dwell far more 124 FINIS. I IK; Upon this section of the empire, as forming a ccl* lective and independent nation, than as sinking into the American Confederacy, as an integral part of their, ev^en now, overgrown union. The St. Law- rence presents to our mind the trunk of a tree that has no necessary affinity with the Uni^ 3d States, and seems destined to bear diflferent fruit. It is the prop of anew nation, the avenue to an independent em- pire, the great highway of a rival, not a dependency ; and, therefore, in our contemplation, when thai day arrives, which is to witness the British colonial transatlantic dominions severed from theoe^is oF Bri- tain's protection, it will be to erect themselves into a tree, independent, and Sovereign State, united with the country that fo3t«red them in their infancy, by ties and treaties of permanent friendship and alli- ance, calculated to perpetuate reciprocal commercial benefits and consolidate their mutual power." ri«>;» THE END. The following allncions to the Street "Railway, to the Market in York Street, and to the Protestant „ Cemetery having been omitted in the making up from their proper places, are here inserted as ADDENDA. The Market Hall in York Street, is a spacious building, suitable in every respect for the purposes to which It is devoted ; and the Public Schools are quite a credit to the place, being spacious buildings well adapted for teaching " the young idea how to shoot ;" and last, not least, there are good and com- fortable burying places on Sandy Hill " where the wicked cease from troubling, and the wearv are at rest." In a corner of the Protestant Cemetery lie the ronains of Reuben Traveller, who fought with Nelson at the Nile. The following is the epitaph taken verbatim from his tombstone : — REUBEN TRAVELLER, A \ATIVK OP (.0\D()X, ENGLAND, Depurtelth n li;. J,\.!j. \ i, i8(3i Asfod <■•') years. •'When NHson foiifrht at Tnifalgar and fell. ,,,. A,"'» irhip Boy was afloat on ^'ctivo .-^orvioe iMul Int'Sins i-alnis, li.ht brco/.os and still' srak-s Hymned pibdin's s. ,i^'h and bufleted the wave* - Ihroughoiil tho drawn a lengthened lifi> Mid ocean waves n, it wasfies Kthiopian shores As \vhen ho roughed it on northern sea.« .'P '"""'.'e 'nurder'ns wartart. waged in troubl'us times iwai, ti!,« to tell siiioo hen in various climes t,- ,4"« ,^'''-r'0W8 w lys shared tickle Fortune's favori hinkinj; mid quicksiands stranded upon rocks «>• trad -winds borne by Kastcrn scenery fed Drenched by the sj ray of brea v ers seen ahead. iVow! heodlosf of currents winds, or tidos Ills wiitch and w.irds below waiting tho whistle'i tall to rig cdt studsails. lower and aloft— io ranso in Rfind review— 'I'lnel th( n no more Worlds on worlds tho witnesses of Christ tho Lord ; ue • l,i; fpHE ABOVE FIRM now occupy that old established House, formerly A . 03cupied by Messrs. CUNNINGHAM, BARCLAY & LINDBAY, and have rc-flttcd it up In all Its departments, with the addition of a "^immm^ mmmsmmi. And many modeiii improvenieuts— amongst whicli tliolr Fancy jialnted Show Windows stand out very prominent. MESSRS. KEARNS & RYAN have now every facility for doing a lli-st flass trade, as they Import their Ooods from the best liouscs and manu Ifaclures Ic the Old Country, and select their own GOODS ut the VERY LOWEST EATES in the MARKET. with such £acllities and advantages, they cainiot fail to make thrir mark. In the mercantile world. >^if '. Allan, MeKfnnoiis I5 ]M[«JH«raii, SUCCESSORS TO GAlLAND, MUTOHMOR &'oO, ^o. so Spai^ks Street, Imiwters and Doa:ers in Eritisli, F'rench and A nfienciin mt aiib Jfantg f ru §Hh, Millinery and Mantles, CARPETS, AND HOUSE FURNISHINGS. Alai^ffo .Vssortmontof CA^VADiAN MAN'DFACTURKSaUvays in Stock. FINGLAND & DRAPER, IMPOIITRIH OF FANCY AND STAPLE ^"^m^ ^'os, c$' 11 Sussex Street, OTTAWA, Ont. ru it 6rWaBia i »yr;w:!i»ii i : i ■ N. FAULKNER - Begs to eall special attention to bis stock of SfapU and lancg pg mmip. IGllinery, Carpets, OUclotha. etc., etc., And all the Leading Articlei kept in a FIRST CLASS DRY GOODS ESTABLISHMENT. First Class Milliners and Tailors^ on ihe Premises. N. FAULKNER, In H cDougal's Blodg . SUSSEX stbbet: U TJGEKE MAR TIJ^EA U, 1 ^1 Boots, Shoes, Hoceasins, Etc, Ete. Of best Quality and at Lowest Prices, at EUGENE MARTINEAU'S, Comer Sussex and Clarence Streets, LowEB Town. REGENT HOUSE. Sinclair, 5ititt & Co., IMPORTERS OP O DRY GOODS, HOSIERY, &c., &c., 30, Sparks Street, Ottawa. DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES. JOS TOAiimMOT?' f'Ommiss oner of Fisliorlos. M. W. JdNSTON, « Hallmx,N. 8. TRINHY HOUSE, MONTREAL. LOUIS MARCHAND, Master. e. D. DAVID, Registrar. TRINITY HOUSE, QUEBEC. VITAL TETU, Master. aLEX. LEMOINE, Secretarv Treasurer DOMINION STEAMERS. A. mSen; ^«°^'»«"^^'- steamer ;;Napplepn III." i . A. hCorT, R.N., " .. "LmlyHead." BOARD OF STEAMBOAT INSPECTION 8AMUEL RI8LEY, Toronto, Clmlrman, '"^"^^^^ ' ^^^• ^BOARD OP EXAMINERS OF MASTERS AND MATSE Capt. P. A. SCOTT, R.N., Chairman. -f in A iftii. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORIES Pi-ofessor O. 't KINGSTON. Toronto, Director. 17 I m ^-^ -^(Q Sign of the ANVIL, 24. Rideau Street A Oompleto Assortment of |df tf fm&j lartoan CONSTANTLY KEPT ON HAND AND SUPPLIED At Prices that cannot fail to give Satisfaction. -AI18*— TAINTS of all Colours. | OILS of all Sorts. Glass, Putty, Ac, &c« TEOS, BIEKETT, sign of the Anvil, 24 RIdeau Street. Ottawa JiwiJtising Jgcnnr. "\ General AdvevHsing Agent, Times Offloe, OTT^^^;^^. Agent onU Cclloctor for t'.ic rollowlng I'apoi-s : / Ottawa Times, Evening Mail, Courrier d' Oittaouaifr. La Minerve. Montreal, L' Album de la Minerve. La Semaine Agricole, U Opinion Public, La Gazette de Sorel, U Univers Illustre, Sfc., S'c., ^arcontracte made for Advertlslns to any ©f the ab«v* Tapers. DIRECT IMPORTATIONS From Coynic, Oporto, Ztrai de In Fronleni, and London. im.VXDY— F"Jrat Class Bnindu— Warnintol Goiiuln)— for Family or H-jU'I uso. POUT WINK— 'Jld V'liitiv;iM-(lVil)-Tlio nnly Old anl Uoll!V>lo Wliio rv>r Fiimlly UHO In thoplty, iin I onlnrod by nil tlii> Ixst Djotor.s tii tin City uiid C miitry, and kept for Mallotniil purponns, SinOHUY Wl^fl'5-Ve^y Pule, Klne, V.iry Kim anl Kxtra-Ouo trial will hIiow Ih ilr Mui)orlor ((luillty uviir tin truMliy kind In ({onorul una ut higher ratos. aiN, HUM, Ac, HCOTCll WlllSKKY— Th'> Vory l):>st bnuidH to Iw hml. DUMfifN POUTKIl— Put ui) tinny own orJor, of tlin host brand. AliKS ANO POUTKIl— Uawos' Kino P.ilo Alo and PortiT— tljo bo.^t tn tho Dominion— In (jood ordor. CoKKKK— Tho vory Uno JlivvoroJ— Fros'.i Rj.vitoJ unl grounJ on tlw pre- iniHOH— (Mivcraally used. T'.:.\H—nijACIC—Tha tinost Rrado < lnvv)rt"d Into tlili nomlnlon— of all BVivlM and prlcos— Try thcni. JAP.iX^ ;K»d URKKN-itf tbf. best brands— Hwoot an I Krosh. Hl'UARH, HYUiri'rf, anl FftlJIT, ithv.iys on hvil. FADTOUY CIIF'JKSK-Vcry Kino. PICJKriEM, HAITOKS, and KLAVOUIiNQ EXTIIACT^-Tho very beat— from t!riM4 & HlaolcwoU's, London. FANCY SDAPS AND CA^fl>LES-from Klolds, of FiOndon. A liAnaK AXD VAUIKO A-WORTJIENT OV { from .^'WO to $41", will always bo kept In Htock. PIANOH for IIIHIO, from $\i to §20 i)or quarter. SECOND HAND PIANOS Uikcn In Kxt-hango at a liberal valuation. ^aa-A. SEIiKCTKI) STOCK of HHRKT MUSIC, oomprl.slnR all tho new- e.lii Doxo.s, (,'arriiigo Bands, Iron Bedstemlc, Furniture, Casters, Tramer'K Rorlnp; MachlTieH, Morticing MachlnoH, Ijotfer Copying Presses, Cas-t imd Wrought Iron .innfc Screws, Iron Cistern and Force I'uuipa. ^SET BUILDERS, CABINET AND OTHER HARDWARE. BROCKYILLE, ONTARIO.V mm JOH.Y ROOS KEKI'8 one of tbo Oldest, !\iu1 osTtainly \no Tijn-gesf. and Bost, TOBACCO BHOP iu .10 City ol' Ultiiwa, or perhaps In (.'nntral Caniili!. He now oocuiri°'< HIS NFAV AND (JO'MM ODIOUS STOEK, 20 Si'ARKS • STREET, whore ♦ic has constiuiLly on hand A STOCK OF TOBABOCOS, CIGARS, PIPES, AND OTHER SUCH GOODS, UEING niRKCTLV IMI'OltTKD liY UtMSELK, So that he can aftbrd to soli at lower prions than any other establishment of the kind in the city. IfSflle invites the Pablic to (jive him a Call before purchasing elsewhere. GOOD INDUCEMENTS GIVEN' TO TAVERN-KEEPERS and STORE- KEEPERS IN (iENERAL. JOHN ROOS, N:>. 26 Riijotte's Blodi, Ottawa. TOBACCONIST AND DEALER IN FRUIT, WHOLE-* ALE AND RETAIL, AXD Ai-r.o Aqent fob the Celebrated Plantaqenet Water, AT TIIK Sign of the INDbAN CHIEF, Sussex Street. IMOS. 36 AND 38 RiDHAu St., Ottawa — ^is The Best Place in Central Canada TO BUY B:s3int, Cracksrs, Candies and Confectionary of all kinds, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Your CrJei-s are solicited, and will be promptly attended to by OTTAWA. DANIEL MORRISON, rBOPRiHTOB, 23 A C8 Rldeau Street. €t ITf lC:f ItMiiiiF, The Oldest and Best Confoctic-^ary in the City. [^m^'^n^ ^ ■wit ''^^« SUCCESSORS TO MRS. SCOTT. T^ne/^J^Av^v^u^/^^r' S°*^.'il«K.^';!^'5.?.'' S.^T.ryil'.in?.'!} llTJine of buai ness ALWAYS ON HAND. PASTRY, CAICES, CRACKERS, d»,. &e. GIBRON d- CO., Corner Elgin & 8piirk» fi*. CENTRE TOWN. J. BERMINGHAM, ,m\amx, ^xaln ar> Commission So«»t. -f>- SALE ROOMS: Elgin street, opposite Russell House, AND YORK STREET, LOWER TOWN. A lu A. ROWE, AUCTIONEER, East End Sappers' Bridge, K^iaeaii Street, Otta>\-a» (i I L a] ni Tl m H W Bi or at pe Gi m ELGIN STREET, Opposil^jS the POST OFFICE, OTTAWA, F . E V A. IST S , ^PRIETOR. LUNCHEON from 12^gpb^H|Very day. ^Vines, Cigars, and Liquors of the choicest braricl3,*"iiiS«ay;$ oc hand. Private Dinners, Parti as and BMls, attended to on the shortest notice. H. & J. GOWAN^ SPARKS STREET, No. 64, OTTAWA CITY, ^;OOKL\G §IASS AND ^IGTUI\Te ^IIA^IE Manufacturers, Import i^rs and Dealers In Pictures, Photographs, Fancy Goods, Musical INSTRUMENTS, ROOM PAPERS. &C., &C. Parliament Hair Dressinn^ Saloon 7) Russell House Block, Sparks St., Ottawa (7 E. MILES J (ESTABLHUED 185S.) o .— Proprieior. Hair Dresser, by Appointment, to His Ex cy, Lord LiSGAU, Grovernor General of the Dom .iiiam, and Staff, and former^- to Lord Monk, late c^rover- nor General. The Subscriber begs m^>st respectfully to invito a visit to his Establlsli- ment, wiiich lias been llllcd up In a most elegant style. The PATENT HAIR IJRUSHINO APPARATUS, (or'^muii^ ■ntrotluccd to the Western World by the proprietor.) cnstantly 'u use. ORNAMENTAL DEVICES of every description, such ns Hair BRArKiiETS, Watch Guards, king^.r Rings, &c., Ac, &c., manufactured on the shortest notice. A great quantity of HAIR WORK of every variety, for Ladies, on liand, and will be forwarded to all parts of the Dominion. Orders solicited. E. MILES. ;!Sf The Business of WIG MAKIN(}, in all its branches, has been made a Speciality, annrson,— whose long ex- IKjrleneo in the largest Cities of the world, and present facilities, enable him t<) Guarantee Complete Satisfaction In every cose, and to defy detection by lUe most critical eye in comparison between the Real and Artificial. m. EA¥4ll4€a, PROPRIETOR m. 9 CATERER TO Senate and llonse of Commons. -AKD — RIDE^U CLUB. St. JAMES' HOTEL, METCALFE STREET, OTTAWA. HAVING been rebuilt ana Inriilshod in FIKST CIjASS STYLE, and Willi KOoU Sample Rooms, has been opened l>.v llio Mibheriber for the aeooin- mixlatlonol" the travelling public. a ft?>'WR ; The above Hotel, Ko 111 vorably known, being situated in the immediate vicinity of the Parliament Buildinj^, Banks and other Public (JfKees, will be wHidueted In the best style wlileh the wants of the public rc«iuire. The table will bo supplied with all the Delicacies of the Season, and the BAR with the choice'it braiuls of and Oij^ar^. Tiient ix also commodious Yard Room and Stabllujj attached,'' with. j; FOR SIZE, 8TYLB LOCALITY IN OITAWA. 30 (Dpen tijroualjom i!,e gear for pleasure anb fitteinws Sraoel ^inena ^n.on or the C... an. ..tt'^ZJ^^'^C^Z ^:: of interest which stran«m delight to vteJt. Tl^e ^P««*-' J^-;--;;^ t^^ ror the very liberal patronage which ne has hitherto reoeiyed, informs the public that ■^ Hotel has been tlioroughly Sen«7ated, EmbelliBlied and Enlarged, Joyment of hla guastg. J. A. GOUIIT, Proprietor. ".">, ^- POST OFFICE SAVINGS BANKS. CANADA. 1,— The following Post onico Savings Banks are open daily for the receipt and repayment of deposits, during tlie ordinary liours of I'ost Ofllce business. 2,— Tlie direct security of the Dominion is given by tlio statftte for ail de- posits made. >^ 3.— Any personmay liavea deposit account, and may deposit yearly any number of doliarsi, from $1 up to $3J(), or more, wltli tlie i^ermisKion of the Postmaster General. 4.— A dejX)sitor in any one of the Savings TJanlis Post OHlccs may continue hl8dejx)sits at any otlier of sucli oflices in the list, witiioiit notice or change of Pa.ss IJoolc, and can withdraAv iiis money at that Post Ofllce Saving-i Bank wiilch Is most convenient toliim. 5.— Each depositor is supplied with a Pa.ss Bools:, which is tobo pi-oduced to the Postmaster every time tlie (leix)sitor pays in or withdraws money, and the sums paid in or withdrawn are entered tliarein by tlie Postmaster receiv- ing or paying the same. 0.— Every dejwsitor's account is iceptin tlie Postmaster General's Offloe in Ottawa, and in addition to tlio Postmaster's receipt in the I'ass Beck, a Direct ACKNOWI.EDOMENT fkomtue Postmasteu Genekal FOK EACI£ Sum Paid in is sent to the depositor. 7*— Wiion adcpcjsitor wislies to withdraw money, he can do so by applying to tlie Postmaster General, avIk) will send him by return mail a ciieque for the amount, payable at whatever Savings Bank Post Office the dopositor may have named in his application. 8— Interest at the rate of 4 percent, per annum is allowed on deposits in the Ordinary Pass Boolt deiiosit account, and tiio interest is added to the principal on the 30th .June in eucli year. FIVE PEK CENT. DOMINION STOCK. Any de{x)sltor who lias $100 to his credit in the Post Office Savings Bank, may a ply that sum (or more, in sums of $100) to the purchase of 5 per cent. Dominion Stock, redeemable on three mouths' notice. Post Office. Post Office. Post Office. Acton Valo Blairton Chippawa Albion Bond Head Clarksburg Alexandria Bothweil Clifton Almonte Bowmanvillo Clinton Ambers tburg Bracebridgo Coaticook Angus Bradford Cobourg Arkona^ Brampton Colborno Arnprior Brantford Cold water Arthur ; .^ Bridgowater Collingwood Aurora Bright Comptou A'ylmer, East Brighton Cookstown Aylmer, West Brockviile Cornwall Ayr Brooklin Creemore Barrio Buckingham Danville Bayfield Campbellford Dingle Beams Tille Cannington Dundas Beauhamoit Carleton Place Dunnvjlle BeaTert«n Cayuga Durhflto BeUeviUe Chambly Canton Blora Berlin Chatham, Weet Erin Berthier Chelsea Ezatar *^ .-i^ in^«ji^fe« tift' POST OFKICK SAVINCS BANKS-(Co»J. II O I— I O !2; O w