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An Open Letter to Workingmen. 
 
 BY ONE OF THEMSELVES. 
 
 Tht. Caimdiau olectomte are about to be asked tt) say by their votes, wlu;bher 
 wltiit it: known a« the National Policy ia to be continued or nbandonod - w hoLher 
 th(! Doniiiiioii is to rt^taiu the present system of proLoction to natie industry, 
 strengthen mg it where experience has shown it U> be weak, and perfecting it 
 w'leie it h.ii' been found to be imperfect ; or whether abandoning this {ifilicy we 
 shall appio.viiiiate toward what is, by a misapplication uf terms, ealliMl Frett 
 Trjule. Tn deciding this momontouH question, no olasa of the peojde will have 
 a more poti;iit voice, as none have a deeper interest, than the arti/jxris and 
 mechanicti — th» skilled labourers of Canada. 
 
 It is a duty, then, which they owe at once to their country and t(» theuiHelvcs 
 and tlieii' families, Ui ciisider well what will be the effect of their votif* in the 
 commit elections. To allow more considerations of party triumph or defeat to 
 inlliitMi't^ their action at the polls, would bo a paltering witl; the trust of the 
 fianchise, almost amountiiii^ to treason to their counf-y'a best interests. No 
 matter what piutizans and partizan journals n.ay say in their eagerness to get or 
 retain power, the aQairs r>f the country, so far aa the admin istiutive acts of the 
 Government are concerned, will be ui the future, as they have been in the past, 
 con<luc ted about equally well by either of the political parties. The one side 
 will continue to miike and the other to deny chargea of corruption and extrava- 
 gance. But the impartial st udent of tho histoi*y of political parties in Canada 
 must arrive at the conclusion tliat whatever of truth there may liave been in such 
 charges when made by and against both the parties in their turn, there does not 
 exist on cither aide such an excess of vice or surplusage of virtue as would of 
 itself furnish adequate cause for preferring one to the other. 
 
 The elector who would be honest with himself and true to his country, will 
 not allow liiu.solf to be led by the Bt<.>rm of crimination and recrimination ; of 
 charges and countercharges ; of denials and reiterations, away from the cajm, 
 dispassionate and thoughtful consideration of the policies of the two parties who 
 are asking his support. A mistake iu the selectir)n of men can be remedied, and 
 at the worst ie transient in its effect.a ; an error in the choice of a policy may mar 
 the whole future of a country, and may turn what would have been happiness, 
 pros{>erity and national greatness into wretchedness, iiiduBtriiil disaster and 
 national decay. 
 
 So long as men retain tho right to think freely there will exist differences of 
 •^iniou, and these differences may and do divide men into hostile, or at any rate 
 opposing uampa of thought, ff th« matter in dispute concerns the Governuient 
 or politics of the country, these camps naturally become political parties. 
 Indeed, it may be said that only in this way can lionest political parties be fonnad, 
 for a body of politicians banded together for any object leas than the adiranoe- 
 meuit of a principle, <mn hardly be more than a politioaJ bAodittii. 
 
IHfferonces of opinion on what is callod tlio trade question, hare divided men 
 into Free Traders on the one sidu and Protectionists on the other, and in Canada, 
 with some few oxceptiona, we tind the hitter in tlio ranks of the (Jovernmont 
 and its supporters, and the former in the ranks of the Ojiposition. While 
 Other questions of policy will naturally entor into tho lis- 
 onssion T^hich must decide the action of the electors in the 
 present contest, there is no question, on which the parties 
 divide, vsrhich compares in importance to the mechanics and 
 artizans of the Dominion with this one. SHALL THE 
 PRINCIPAL OF PROTECTION TO NATIVE INDUSTRY BE 
 MAINTAINED OR ABANDONED. 
 
 It 13 not the intention in this leaflet to enter into an abstract discussion of 
 Free Trade and Protection, nor is it ntsoessaiy to do so, for it is admitted on both 
 •ides that a policy of absolute Free Trade is not, under our circumstances, 
 possible for ('anada. It would be unfair to his readers as well aa to those who, 
 for want of some name which will dertcribo thorn with absolute correctness, he 
 may designate as Free Traders, for the writer to aa^uuie Lli.it the electors are 
 called upon to decide for or against Free Trade. Were this tho question, it is 
 possible some who are in Canaila — and because of Canada's peculiar circum- 
 ■tances - Protectionists would be found advocating Free Trade. 
 
 Not only is it idle to discuss the question aa if absolute Free Trade were a 
 possible alternative ; but it is o(iiially bootless to discuss it, as some do, on the 
 ■uppositiun that reciprocal trade rolations with the United States are to be had 
 for the asking. Canadians must be manly enough to look on cho whole matter 
 in a self-reliant way, for they are the blindest of the blind, the wilfully blmd, 
 who C'lnnot see that reciprocity with the United States, on any terms less on'^-ous 
 to us than a complete and humiliating .surrender of our commercial independence, 
 \b hopeless. Canadians, Canadian workingmen espocially, cannot afford to wait 
 for other countries to make ihis or that change of policy on our part po.saihle ; 
 they must deal with the factfl as they exist, and adopt and maintain a policy 
 suibed to our actual circumstancos. 
 
 ' The grreat question for Canadian wurkingfmon to ask them- 
 selves. Whether the present policy, or the approximation to 
 Free Trade which it is proposed to substitute for it, is host 
 calculated to advance thoir material prosperity 7 
 
 They am arrive at an answer in two ways ; 
 
 First — By considering whether, tested by the light of the experience of the 
 eight years of its existence, it has on the whole benefited them, either by giving 
 them steady work, or, by giving them better wages, or by creating an inoreasi^d 
 demand for their labour, prevented a fall in wages, which is but another way of 
 •aying the same thing. 
 
 Second— By considering: whether the policy of shutting: out 
 foreigrn-made goods, and so increasing: the quantity of home- 
 made goods ; or the policy of allowing foreign goods to sup- 
 plant home-manufactured articles in our markets, is mo.st 
 likely to create a demand for their labour. 
 
 / Every workingnmn knows that in almost every town and village in Canada 
 new establishmouta, and in some instances new induatries, have sprung up since 
 the adoption of the National Policy, and because of its adoption. Not only that, 
 but many, almost all of the old industries have been enabled by the increased 
 demand for their manufactures to greatly increase their capacity. To say 
 that this does not mean an increased demand for labor is to 
 insult the intelligence of the people. To say that the tendency 
 
 [4] 
 
8 
 
 of such an increased demand is not to raise the price of labor 
 —the wages- is to fly in the face of a vtrell-understood and uni- 
 versally admitted law. ^ 
 
 To deny that employers of labour will try to get tliat labour at the lowest 
 m^« possible ; i.e., that they will endeavor to keep down the rate of wages, 
 would bo absurd. It would be to say that they are leas anxious than other 
 pe<)])le to do the best they can for thoiasolvos. It may aB well be frankly 
 admitted that an employer in a Protected country, like an employer in a Fre« 
 Trade country, will always endeavor to get his labour as cheaply bm possible. 
 Were this not equally true in both instances there wovdd be less need for Trades 
 Unions and other labour ortranizations in one case than in the other. Kut while 
 this is admitted and while it may further bo true, that, whether under Free Trade 
 or Protection, workingnien must depend largely on thoniselvos and on their own 
 combined ettorrs to obtain incroastis of wages ; it will bo well for them to redcH-t 
 tiK ; no attempt to secure :. rise in w^ages can be successful 
 unless the employers are able to pay it. 
 
 Tlie writer does not dosire to bo understood as contendin,' that the a(l<)i/tiun 
 of a policy which, by milking; manufacturers and otlier employer." of lal)our 
 prosperons and so able to advance the wages of tlicir emjiloyes, will cau^e them 
 to raise the wages una.sked. But he does not contend that, ludess tlie manu- 
 facturers' bui^inoss will allow^ it, no effort on the part of his employee tfi obt^'un an 
 increase can be suocoHsful. For no man will continue to manufacture at a loss. 
 
 It may not be amiss tti glance at what would bo the result, to labour, of the 
 adoption of a policy detrimental U) the interests of manufacturers. Evidently if 
 that policy docroased their pmtits, they would be compelled to reduce tlieii 
 expenses, and all woikingmen, who have thought at all on the subject, know 
 that, when the process of scaline down the expenses Vjogina, the rate of wages is 
 about the first thing tt) be affected. To protest or t<j strike is usiU-ss, for if the 
 profits will not allow the employer to pay the old rate, he must either have 
 cheaper labour or go out of the business. For, again, no man will continue to 
 manufacture at a loss. 
 
 What would the abandonment of the National Policy and the adoption of a 
 policy approximating to Free Trade mean to Canadian manufacturers ? And lot 
 it never bo fon^otten that, in the sense referred to above, the interests of manu- 
 facturers and workingmen are identical. 
 
 Is it not a fact that the taking down of our tariff wall would expose our 
 industries to two daiigore ? 
 
 First, — The competition of the manufacturers of the United States, and : 
 Second, — The competition of European manufacturers. 
 
 The writer divides those two kinds of competition thus, because though each 
 would be equally dangerous and fatal, they are so from widely different reasons. 
 
 Except that their establishments are gouerall ;n a large scale, the Amorioan 
 manufacturers have no advantages, either in cheapness of material or of labour, to 
 «nable them to compete with undue advantage with ours in our own markets. 
 But nearly all their principal branches of manufacturing industry have formed 
 combinations to restrict the production and steady prices. These combinations 
 only effect the home trade and each midcer is at liberty to manufacture in such 
 quantity and sell at<«uch prices as he pleases for foreign trade. Let, then, our 
 National Policy protective barrier be removed and the Americans would at once 
 begin to unload their surplus on our markets at prices with which our manu- 
 facturers oould not compete. 
 
 Let any Canadian mechanic working at the industry thus attacked, say what 
 would be the effect on that industry and. as a consequence, on his wayes. 
 
 <,' J 
 
In Europe it is wi-U known that tho wae:«>9 are very much less than they hro 
 ill Atru'rion in all limnches of maiiufaotnrc In (Jertmny, for instance, they do 
 Ti'it, fivcr:iL;"' ouH lialf as hii;h. It ih nut lu^cesM/iry bo jioint oat to a Canaili'\n 
 wi>rl<iii;,'iii;ui, that, if his eni].loyor must compete in the he inu market wicl\ an 
 employer of this ohnap (Jerman labour, without protection, ho cannot atfoid to 
 pay much if any liij^hor wages than ins German competitor pays 
 
 ll may he arijiieil, it is uri,'(*cl by the o])ponontH of the National Policy, 
 that, but lor liie L'nibed Stivtos taritl' the combinations spoken of could not bxi.it, 
 and it is at <ruo<l tliat the ftvot that \vai,'o« are ao low in Germany tells agauibt the 
 thoory that protectif)n will increase wat,'e8. 
 
 In answer to this it may bo said that even without the comhin-'ttions the 
 Ami-ncan ii.,uiuf!ictiirorH would be able to, ;ui ^ would tuako Cnnarla a Hlau:ht,iT 
 market, as witness the evil days prior to 187'.*. And as rogard.s 'iermany the 
 ciroumatamoa of that country ditf'or widely from ours, jw '^Jorman manufacturers 
 now ]iro<luce in excess of the homo deuuimU their prices, and consequnntly the 
 wa','t!s paid, ;ire lixcd by wiiat tin v am ol)tain for their v^ooos when exjjvU'l'.id. 
 
 But w^o are not called upon to vote for a policy for the 
 United Stitos vr Germany; yiothing that we can do or leave 
 undone wiil alter the fixed policies of other countz'ies. It is 
 for the workingrncn of Canada to say virhcther they are pre- 
 pared to abandon the principle of protection to native in- 
 dustry, and thus compel their employers, and consequently 
 thcmjelves, to com^ 8tt> on even terms with the under-paid 
 l.'bor of Europe, and on unequal and grossly unfair terms 
 with tho American manufacturers. 
 
 The triumph of no set of party leaders can compensate for 
 tho evil whiuh would result to our Dominion from tho record* 
 ing bv the electorate of an unw^ise or mistaken verdict on tho 
 qaostion. SHAJ^li THE NATIONAL POLICY BE CONTINUED 
 Oil ABANDONED ? 
 
 A vote for the National Policy means to demand that 
 the products of foreign pauper labor shall be kept out of 
 Canada ; a vote against the National Policy moans that 
 these products shall come into iinrestricted competition 
 with Canadian labor. 
 
 HOW NECESSITIES ARE CHEAPENED BY HOME PRODUCTION. 
 
 Through the harmonies of a v/oU ordered economical system the very necessi- 
 tii;s if a people may make 'ts necessaries more available, first : by providin.^ the 
 nieaua for purchasing uhm s^aty commodities, and, second : by making them 
 cheaper. A system atlaptcd to favor the national industry, tliat is, tho pro- 
 duction of necesHary commodities, gives employment to the artizan, 
 enabling him to purchase the commodities which ho himaelf produces, as well as 
 those which the fanner produces ; thus enriching^ the farmer also., 
 making manufactured conunodities more available to botbi 
 artizan and farmer, and increasiug the demand from both classes for tho 
 yiruducta of manufacture. — John L. Hayei, LL.D. 
 
 Published by the Industrial League, for gratuitouB diatribution. — Frkrumo 
 
 Ni( U11LL.S, Seoniwryy Toronto , \Jaiuida. 
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