\^.. #n^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. 5^ '4 4iV^ A Ld> f/. 1.0 UA 2.2 1.1 I'- ■- 1.25 im U i 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STMIT WIMTIR.N.Y. MSIO (716) •73-4503 '^ £p- ' sion. or the beck cover when epproprlata. All other originel copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or Illustrated impres- sion, end ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les eMempiaires origlnaux dont la couverture en pepier est imprimis sont filmAs en commandant par le premier plet et en terminant soit par la derniire page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres examplalres origlnaux sont filmAs en eommen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. 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Lee diegrammes suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 ^ • • 4 S 6 Ol Wii.^-W i^c; a.( f\ ^Immh, H iJ y -^v^' THE •JPiilBlLilB IB<©(D1K$ CONTAINING ALL TB« 0rttf)metical eatiUd NOW IN USE. QUEBEC: PRINTED BY THOMAS CARV Ai CO. Frttmaaons' Hall, Buad* Strtel. 1B34. WEIGHT and VALUE of GOLD and SILVER COINS Current in the Province, in Currency^ and Livres and Sols, GOLD English^ Portuguese 4* American Sovereign Half do, A Guinea A Half do. A Third do. A Johannes A Half do. A Moidore An Ea^le A Half do Spanish and French. A Doubloon A Half do. A Louis d*Or,coin-) ed before 1793. j A Pistole, f'o. do. The 40 francs, mined since 1792 The 20 francs. SILVER. A Crown An English Shilling. A Dollar A Pistaieen A Fr. Crown coin- *» pd before 1793. J A Fr. pipceof4liv> 10 sols Tournois^s The Amercan Dollar We ight. dwts.grs. 5 n 2 13| 5 6 2 15 1 18 18 9 6 18 11 6 5 15 17 8 12 A Currency. £ s. rf, 1 2 11 1 3 11 7 10 10 5 :S 5 4 4 4 8 6 4 3 4 2 1 2 1 Q2 4 8 9* 3 1 1 1 o 14 6 17 3 2 18 16 18 5 1 5 1 5 4 8 3 2 1 6 6 2 Old Currency Livres. Sols. 26 13 13 28 14 9 96 48 36 60 30 89 44 «7 21 5 16 O o 8 14 4 18 6 12 1 6 1 4 6 12 5 6 NUMERATION TABLE. 3 Units 1 Tens 12 Hundreds 12 3 Thousands 1,2 3 4 Tens of Thousands 1 2, 3 45 C. of Thousands 1 2 3, 4 5 6 Millions 15 2 34,567 X. of Millions 12;34 5,678 C. of Millions 12 3; 4 5 6, 78 9 TABLE OF ROMAN NOTATION. 12 6 4 1 1 XIV 14 XC ir.. III. IV. v.. VL.. VIL. VIIl. £X... X. .. XI.. XII. XIII 2 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 XV., XVI 15 16 XVII 17 XVIII 18 XIX. XX.. XXX XL.. L.... LX.. LXX. 19 ....20 30 ....40 50 ....60 ....70 LXXX 80 cc. ccc, ,.. 90 ...loo ...200 ...300 CCCC....400 D 500 DC.,.. .600 DCC 700 DCCC....800 DCCCC..900 M 1000 MM.. ..2000 MDCCCXXXIV..1634. DEFINiriONS AND RULES. 1. A Cypher by itself signifies nothing j set to the left hand of another Bgure, it niters not its value ', but placed at the right hand of any figure, it increases its value tenfold. 2. In Addition, the given numbers may be two or more, and the number found is called the sum. 4 DEFINITIONS AND RULES. 3. In Subtraction, the given numbers are called the greater or minuend^ and the less, or subtrohend ; and the result, the difference or remainder, 4. In Multiplication, the given numbers are called factors ; the number to be multiplied is called the multiplicand ; that by which it is multi- [>lied, the multiplier ; and the number found the product, 5. In Divison, the number to be divided is called the dividend; that by which it is divided, the divisor; and the number found, the quotient ^ if tiierc be a remainder^ it is of the same name as the dividend. 6. To find the sum of any numbers, add To find the difference, subtract. To find the product, witt/^j;)/y. To find the quotient, divide. 7. To bring a smaller coin, weight, or measure to a greater, divide, * 8. To reduce a greater coin, weight, or measure to a smaller, Mw/f/p/y. ADDITION TABLE. 2 and 2 — 3 — 4 — ft— . 6 — 7 — 4 5 6* 7 8 n 3 and 3— 6 4— 7 5— H 6— 9 7—10 8 — 11 8 — 1019 — 12 4 and 5 and 4— 8 5—10 5—9 ()— 11 6—10 7— 1^ 7 — 11 8 — 13 8 — 1^ 9—14 9 — 13 5 and e — la 6 and 7— 13 8— 14 9 — 15 7 and 7—14 8— 15 9— ICJ 8 arid 8— \n 9— 17 9 and 9—18 MULTIPLICATION TABLE. Twice 31 1 • --2 1 S 4 2 3 6 3 4 8 4 5 10 5 6 12 6 7 14 7 8 16 8 9 18 9 10 20 10 U 22 11 12 24 12 1 —3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 4 times 1 —4 2 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 5 times 1— 5 2 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 53 60 6 times 1 — 6 2 12 3 18 4 24 5 30 6 36 7 8 9 10 11 \l 42 48 54 60 C6 72 7 times 1 — 7 2 14 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 21 28 35 42 49 56 as 70 77 84 12 times 1 — 12 i 24 S 36 8 times { 1 — 8 2 16 3 24 4 32 5 40 6 48 7 56 8 64 9 72 10 80 11 88 12 96 9 times 1 9 2 18 3 27 4 36 5 45 6 54 7 63 8 72 9 81 10 90 11 99 12 108 10 times 1- -10 2 20 3 SO 4 40 5 50 6 60 fy 70 b 80 9 90 10 100 11 no 12 120 11 times 1—11 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 10 100 il 121 »2 132 12 times 4— 48 5 60 6 72 12 times 7 — 84 8 96 9 108 12 times 10 — 120 11 132 12 144 6 MULTIPLICATION CONTINUED. 13 times 2 — 26 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 39 52 65 78 91 104 117 14 times 2 — 28 3 42 4 5 6 7 56 70 84 98 8 112 9 126 15 times 2—30 3 45 4 5 6 7 8 9 60 75 90 105 150 135 16 times 2—32 3 48 4 5 6 7 8 9 64 80 96 112 128 144 17 times 18 times 19 times ' 2 — 34 2 — 36 2— 38 3 51 3 54 3 57 4 68 4 72 4 76 5 85 5 90 5 95 6 102 6 108 a 114 7 119 7 126 7 133 8 136 8 144 8 152 9 \ i 1 153 9 162 9 171 V, TABLE OF TIME. 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = 1 day 4 vi^eeks = 1 lunarmonth 12 calendar, or 13 lunar months = 1 common year 365 days, 5 hours, 48' = 1 solar year 365 days = 1 common year 52 weeks, 1 day = 1 year 366 days = 1 leap year, which oc- curs every fourth year ; except centurial years, in which the Centuries are not divisible by 4. PENCE TABLE. d. «. d. d. s. d. d. s. d' 12 make 78 make 6 6 144 make 12 14 -~ 2 80 — 6 8 146 — 12 2 16 .^ 4 82 — 6 10 148 — 12 4 18 -^ 6 84 — 7 150 — 12 6 20 .^ 8 86 — 7 2 152 — 12 8 22 — 10 88 — 7 4 154 — 12 10 24 — 2 90 — 7 6 156 — 13 26 — 2 2 92 — 7 8 158 — 13 2 28 — 2 4 94 — 7 10 160 — 13 4 30 — 2 6 96 — 8 162 — 13 6 32 — 2 8 98 — 8 2 164 — 13 8 34 — 2 10 100 — . 8 4 166 — 13 10 36 — 3 102 — 8 6 168 — 14 38 — 3 2 104 — 8 8 170 — 14 2 40 — 3 4 106 — 8 10 172 — 14 4 42 — 3 6 108 — 9 174 14 6 44 — 3 8 110 — 9 2 176 — 14 8 46 — 3 10 112 — 9 4 178 — 14 10 48 4 114 — 9 6 180 — 15 50 — 4 2 1J6 — 9 8 182 — 15 2 52 — 4 4 118 — 9 10 184 ~ 15 4 54 — 4 6 120 — 10 186 — 15 6 56 — 4 8 122 — 10 2. 188 — 15 8 58 — 4 10 124 — 10 4 ISO — 15 10 60 ~— 5 126 — 10 6 192 — 16 62 — 5 2 128 — 10 8 194 — 16 2 64 — 5 4 130 — 10 10 196 — 16 4 66 — 5 6 132 — 11 198 — 16 6 68 — 5 8 134 — 11 2 200 — 16 8 70 ~— 5 10 ;36 — U 4 220 — 18 4 72 — 6 138 — 11 6 , 240 £l 74 — 6 2 140 — 11 8 252 1 1 76 6 4 142 — 11 10 273 1 2 9 Pence divided by lii are Shillings, the remainder (if any) are Pence. 8 SHILLINGS TABLE.* *. £ s. d. S. ^!0 make 1 130 30 1 10 140 40 ? 150 SO ^ 10 160 60 3 170 70 3 10 180 8() 4 190 90 4 10 200 100 5 300 no 5 10 400 120 6 50O •To find the Pounds in 1 an^ V nut £ n. d, make 6 10 7 7 10 8 8 10 O 9 9 10 10 O 15 20 25 the unit figure, divide by 2, the quotient is Pounds ; it 1 remain it ia XQn., which prefixed to the unit figure, shuwa the number of Shillings. TABLE oFmONEY. 2 fai'things=l halfpenny j 2 halfpence or 4 farthings=l penny 3 12 pencescl shilling; 20 ShiHings=l pound or sovereign ; 21 shillings British.=or22|9 Irish=l guinea. Pounds multiplied by 20 are shillings — Shilling* multiplied by 12 arei pence — Pence multiplied by ^ ar* halfpence — Pence multiplied by 4 are farthings. Farthings divided by 2 are halfpence - Farthing* divided by 4 are pence — Pence divided by 12 ara shillint^s — Shillings divided by 20 are pounds. Hence a pound contains 240 pence, 480 half- pence, or 960 farthings ; and a guinea, 252 pence^ British, or 273 pence Irish. A half-guinea is 10«. 6d. British, or lis. 4|d, Irish* TROY WEIGHT. 24 grains=l penny- weight ; 20 pennyweights* 1 ounce; 12 ounces=l pound. 5760 graiae»L pound. / :'/ AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 9 Pounds troy multiplie() by l^^are ounces— Ouncei multiplied by 20,are penny- weights — Penny- weights multiplied by 24 are grains. Grains divdied by 24, are penny-weights — Penny- weights divided by 20 are ounces — Ounces divided by 12 are pounds Troy. This weight was formerly used for weighing articles of every kind : it is now u^ed in weighing gold, silver, jewels, and liquors ; and philosophical experiments. It is also employed by apothecaries in mixing their medicines, though they buy and sell them by avoirdupoise weight. When troy weight is thus used, it is called apothecaries* weight ; but in this case the ounce (B) is divided into S drams , (5) the dram into 3 fcrzip/^s, (B) and the scrupb into 20 grains, (gr.) AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 16y drams=l ounce ; 16 ounces=l pound; 14 pounds= stone ; 28 pounds, 1 quarter of a hundred = 4 quarters, or 8 stone = 1 hundred weight ; 20 huu- drcds=l ton. Tons multiplied by 20 are hundreds — Hundreds multiplied by 8 are stones ; stones multiplied by 14 are pounds ~ pounds multiplied by 16 are ounces — Ounces multiplied by 16 are drams. Drams divided by 16 are ounces — ounces divided by 16 are pounds — pounds divided by 14 are stones — stones divided by 8 are hundreds — hundreds divided by 20 are tons. By the above division, all goods subject to waste are weighed. According to the late act, the pound wt. is to contain 7000 grains troy weight ; then (he proportion is as 5760 grains troy weight is to 700d grains avoirdupoise weight. Id AVOmDUPOlS WEIGHT. To reduce short weight to long weight. To the short weight add one-fourteenth, and the sum will be long wt. To reduce long weight to short. From the long weight deduct one-fifteenth, and the remainder will be short weight. 4| Stones, 1 barrel of Floor j 20 Stones of Wheat, Peas, Rye^ or Beans, 1 barrel ; 16 Stones, 1 barrel of Barley or Here j 14 Stones, 1 barrel of Oats ; 8 Stones of Oatmeal, 1 barrel of Oatmeal ; 12 Stones^ 1 barrel of Malt. The Pound Avoirdupois is, to the pound Troy, as 700 is to 576, or as 175 is to 144, or as 1 is to 822857 Hence to reduce Avoirdupois to Troy weight, multiply by 822857. — Or to reduce Troy to Avoir- dupois, multiply by 1*215278, and the product is the answer. LONG MEASURE. 12 lines, or 3 barley corns,=l inch ; 3 inches= 1 palm; 4 inches=l hand ; 9 inches=l span ; 12 inchesssl foot; 18 inches=l cubit; 2| feet =1 military pace ; 5 feet=l geographical pace ; 6 feet= 1 fathom; 3 feet 1 yard; 5\ yards=l English or Stat, perch ; 6| yards=l Scotch Cunningham perch ; 7 yards=e=I Irish perch ; 40 perches=l furlong ; 8 furlongs=l mile; 11 yds.s=l Eng. chain; 14 yd8.=l Irish chain ; 1760 yd8.==l English mile ; 2000yds.=l Scotch mile ; 2240yds.==:l Irish mile; 2038^ yardsx=3l geographical or sea mile ; 3 miles== I league : 60 sea, or geographical miles, 69^ English miles aud 54f j- Irish miles=l degree on the equator; 60 degrees=:=circumference of the earth and all circles; 1 French league is about=»2| English miles; 1 German milc=4 do. ; 1 Dutch mile==3| do. ; 1 Italian milc,=} j do. ; 1 Spanish lcagvie==37 do. } 1 Rus- sian vcrst»»J do.; 11 Irish milcs^H do. ^ CI^OTH MEASURE. 11 Leagues multi[>lie(l by 3 are miles $ miles mul- tiplied by 8 are furlongs ; furlongs .:iultiplied by 40 are perches ; perches, English^ multiplied by 5^ are yards ; perches, Scotch, multiplied by 6| are yards ; perches, Irish, multiplied by 7 are yards -, yards multiplied by 3 are feet. Inches divided by 12 are feet ; feet divided by 3 are yards ; yards divided by 5| are perches English j yards divided by 6J are perches Scottish j yards divided by 7 are perches Irish ; perches divided by 40 are furlongs ; furlongs divided by 8 are miles ; miles divided by 3 are leagues. The following Table shows the Length of the Mile in Yards in the principal JSeuions qf Europe : Yards, Mile of Russia. . .=1100 Mile of Italy =1467 Small league of France =2933 Mean league of do=36'66 Great league of doBs44O0 Yards, iVI ile of Poland • * . 4400 Mile of Spain.« .-. , -_5028 Mile of Germany. =,5866 Mile of Sweden.. . =7233 Mile of Denmark . =7233 Mile of Hungary,. =9800 CLOTH MEASURE. *2.\ inches=^l nail; 4 nails=l quarter; 4 quar* ters=l yard. Yards multiplied by 4 are quarters — Quarters multiplied by 4 are nails. Nails divided by 4 are quarters — Quarters divided by 4 are yards. A Flemish ell is 3 quarters of a yard ; an English ell 5 quarters, or a yard and a quarter ; and a French ell, 6 quarters, or a yard and a half. Cloth measure, is a species of long measure, and the yard is the same in both. Hence, a quarter of a ynril is 9 inches, and a nail 2 inches and a quarter. 12 SQUARE MEASURE. 144 square inches»l square foot; 9 square feet=l square yard ; 49 square yartls=l square perch, Irish ; 30^ square yards =4 square perch, English ; lOO square feet=l square of flooring;, &c. By this are measured plastering, wainscoting, painting, tiling, flooring, paving, glazing, &c. and every dimension of length and breadth only. 1 1 ■ LAND MEASURE. 49 square yards=l square perch Irish ; S0| square yards=l square perch English j 40 square perches=l rood or ^ acre ; 4 roods=l acre ; 640 acres!=l square mile ; 625 square links=l perch ; 100,000 square links = I acre; 10 English chains in length and 1 in breadth = 1 acre j 20 Irish chains in length and 2 in breadth =1 acre ; 121 Irish acre8= 19b* English acres; 160 scjuare perche»<=l acre; 4b40 square yards =1 English acre ; 7840 square yards =1 Irish acre. Acres multiplied by 4 are roods ; roods multi- plied by 40 are perches — Perches divided by 40 are roods ; roods divided by 4 are acres* To reduce perches to acres, divide by 160, the remainder by 40, the last quotient will be roods, and the remainder, if any, are perches. To reduce English to Irish, multiply by 484, and divide by 784. English to Cunningham, multiply by 484, and divide by 625. Irish to English, multiply by 784, and divide by 484. Irish to Cnnningham, multiply by 784, and divide by 625. Cunningham to English, multiply by 625, and divide by 484 Cunningham to Irish^ multiply by 625, and divide by 784. CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE. 13 172^ cubic inches=: 1 cubic foot i cubic feet. .= 1 cubic yard 24|; cubic feet. .= 1 solid perch mason's work 12|- cubic feet. . = 1 solid perch brickwork The perch, furlong, and mile Irish, are now laid aside, and the English Lineal Measure adopted throughout the United Kingdom. The square perch, rood, and acre, Irisii, are now discontinued, and the new imperial standard, adopted. In builders* work, 21 feet long, i foot high, and 18 inches thick, make 1 perch of Masons* work : ^1 feet long, 1 foot high, and Q inches thick, make 1 Perch of Bricklayers' work. So that 31 1 solid feet make 1 perch of Masonry, and 15| solid fe«t make 1 perch of Brick do. The solid perch of stone-work and brick-work wilt •till bear the same proportion to the former Irish measures, as the perch, furlong, or mile lineal for- merly did, viz. as 11 to 14 — the only change made being in the length, the thickness remaining the same as usual ; therefore, agreements made for artificers' work, subject io perch measurement, are to be understood as the new perch of 16| feet long, if not otherwise agreed for between the parties. LIQUID MEASURE. According to the present imperial gallon ; whea Fahrenheit's thermometer is 62o and the baro- meter at 30 inchts. 2 gla9^cs=l nngKiit ; ^ nagginsssl half pint ; ^ pints=rl quart ; 4 quart.s:=l gallon ; 42 galloii8sa 1 tierce; 63 4(allons=i hogshead ; 1^26 gatlout«*l pipe J ^52 gallonttssl ton. 14 TABLE OF WAGES. ^ CnUt4^4^,^C0&0O3»O(8i«»-«M^ ^WOOiUOCCoOOtOOOO?* Im 5* ^wiaH'f-i'* ^'N rt ?* 8 re M* «. n 5'ooOO«00*^000>OCS* *^ ua 2» 3 5 5 e c CO CD (0 •^ •o C^ o ' Quo ■^ O w o o 9 »^ n PI r»- H o- »o o M B &i o a n •1 O P B o a w s o B •1 ># ^ en >• 13 o p «» c 3 OOOOOOOOOOOOO^ o,>Qoocioo»uci03cy50o>otor* C«P hIhmH^'Im 4k|iM r4|M 'f'l- ^|«N N|M * er— n> ^ -| oooooooooocoo* p ^ n m Con 3 1 c a 2 a sr < « n p {T '^ O v> P B •:< 3 TABLE OF WAGES. 15 » 3 cs CO o o o w o -I o 99 m GR 3 fi» 9 O C»O^OOiOOtOiti.OWOtOO^OCR. Per Year. •••••••^••••••J**cfi hii«B^biilS^ «i|MM|M^|w^||i- |-i^N|H4>i»- Mvm4'|i-> wH^I" »iii-itt>M • <§