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The< to th Thai poss of th filmi Origi begii the l( sion, othei first sion, or ilii Thai shall TINL whic Map; diffe entir begii right requ met! 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X J 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grdce d la g^ndrositi de: Bibliothdque natlonale du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. 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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte' d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole —*- signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 AC •7 FROM MONTREAL TO SAN FRANCISCO ACROSS CANADIAN TERRITORY. BY T. P. POWELL. MoNTUKAL, May, 1687. PREFACE. [r The following pages, briefly describing some of the principal scenes presented to my view, were written from notes made during a trip from Montreal to California, via British Columbia, during a period of eight weeks, cover- ing about 8,000 miles. It was not my original intention to publish them ; but, since my return to Montreal, I liave been asked by several friends to give them, in book form, information of what 1 had seen. This I offer as the sole apology for my first appearance in print. While I claim no merit for this work, I believe that it may prove of some interest, and I am convinced that the realizations of the visitor will far exceed his anticij^ations. T. P. P. •V— EIGHT THOUSAND MILES IX EIGHT WEEKS. t '» '' All aboard for Vancouver and British Columbia We started on time, but there were few passengers for British Columbia. About lo p.m. my fellow travellers began crossing their seats in order to sleep for the night, in the first-class car. The second-class car had very comfortable berths to lie down upon, and there was a sleeper for those who chose to pay extra. After settling down comfortably for the night, or rather having made our preparations, we arrived at Ottawa about half past eleven. A short delay ensued, and we again started. All was quiet until we reached Carleton Junction, where a number of passengers got on board, I'he conductor here gave each one a ticket for his hat, so that he need not wake up during the night. About six a.m. the passen gers began to stir ; there was a general pulling themselves together, and those who had been provided with soap and towels had a refreshing wash. Many got out their food baskets and began breakfast before day -break. Ocfnlt r ^Oth. The morning opened frosty and thick with a grey fog, but it turned out a beautiful day. From 7 to 1 1 a.m. we never lost sight of water. Sometimes it was a little river, and at another there was a sheet ; yet, as far as the eye could reach, a considerable proportion of he land was rocky. Many trees had been cut down around the stations, and a number of new houses were being erected in this vicinity. The land continued to be rocky during the entire day's journey, and the opinion generally expressed was one of regret that so many valua- ble trees had been cut down or burned to make way for the track, no economical ideas having prevailed with res- pect to the utilization of the lumber. I must have seen thousands of trees thus left on the ground to rot. Near the track, and alongside it, ran what will be understood when I call it a corduroy road. It is called the toll road, and was built in order to transport provisions to the men working on the line. We crossed more than a dozen rivers, and were seldom far from water. About 9 p.m. we began to make ourselves comfortable for the night, having by this time got quite familiar with each other, and chosen our own associates. Sundajj morning, at about four o'clock, I awoke, the train being at a stand-still, and saw a bonfire on each side of us. We stayed two hours on tressel work, and when I looked down I saw a car without wheels, and standing at the door a lady dressed as if ready for church, although « i -1. '.'■^ 7 there was no church within hundieds of miles. At this l)]ace a bad accident occurred about a week previous. Tlic scenery has changed ; the day is beautiful and fnic, without frost. When crossing a large bridge, we saw a number of strange looking dwellings, some of cotton or canvas; also a ferry. The river and scenery are very pretty. At 7 a.m. we arrived at Heron I'ay. Soon after leaving we saw water, which we discovered was Lake Sui)erior, We kept in sight of it until we reached Port Arthur,where we arrived after passing -^ round curves and through heavy stone cuttings of the most massive description. We also went through a series of small tunnels, and over many small bridges and tressel work. At Port Arthur we saw a steam canal boat belonging to a Montreal line, and one of the C.P.R. steamships. Port Arthur is a place of some importance. It was Sunday, and all the places were closed ; but I noticed a number of new buildings, and was surprised to see so large a place. We only saw one cow and a few pigs, but not a single field was visible during a distance of 600 miles. Some of the passengers said they had seen a horse, but I did not. I saw a number of rail- way cars turned into dwelling houses, the women and children being apparently quite at home — 1 must have seen twenty or thirty of these during the day. After leav- ing Port Arthur, the land l)egan to look poorer and more like prairie; the trees became smaller and not so thick, 8 ^\'c made ourscKos comfortable for tlic nip;lit, and after a good sleep awoke at about 5 a.m. the followinoniface, which is a small P>ench city, forming a very great contrast to Winni- peg, just oi)posite. All the stores were closed, it being All Saints' Day. I went to the French Cathedral in th<^ afternoon. St. Boniflice is far inferior to Winnipeg, to which I returned, by another bridge, at about 5 p.m. I spent the evening with friends from Montreal, and was, on the whole, quite i)leased with the ])lace. The 24-hour system is used here ; five cents is the smallest coin in use ; some things are very cheap, hotels are very moderate, and living, on the whole, as cheap as at Montreal. After retiring early I rose at 8 a.m., and went out to purchase provisions for use on the train. ••/Jl; »,/ » We lcrt\\'innii)cg at 9.ao on TmsiJifi/, Xnr. 2nd. About 20 miles out small farms were to he seen, and the track was fenced in. At about 65 miles west of Winnipeg the country became woody, and rabbits, prairie hens, i)heas- ants, hawks, etc., were seen. 'i"he bush was soon left be- hind, and the land began to assume a rolling appearance. At CJadbury we stopped for dinner. The town contains two hotels and about a dozen stores. An Indian was leaning ngainst a store door. The waggons had oxen instead of horses. After passing Ilrandon we saw the first Indian encampment, near the river. 'I'heir ponies were roaming near by, and their strange looking tents were black with smoke. We saw a i)rairie fire, and the ap- pearance of the land indicated that there had been fires nil over. 1 discovered that our passengers were more numerous west of Winnipeg than east, yet distance is very deceiving on the prairies. There was no dining car at- taclied to our train. 'J o-day, I have thrown in my lot widi two gentlemen, going to the end of the journey. Brandon seemed to be a good -sized place. We stopped there to change engines, and 1 iiad time to call and see a ^riend. Before reaching Virden station we i)assed a large Indian encampment, and at that station saw a num- ber of Indians loitering around. Three more prairie fires were burning, one close to the track. At Moosomin the Mounted Police came through the car, and continued to do so at every station we stopped at during the night. I ' I 10 Indians offered buffalo horns, nicely polished, for $1.5010 $2 a pair. Ihe land is bad, with no growth of any kind. We passed Regina during the night. On Wednesday^ Nov, 3r(Z, we were passing through prairie, the land being slightly hilly, with no growth. We saw some lakes, with a great number of wild ducks and geese, but nothing to be seen save buffalo bones scattered all around, and at the stations great heaps of them were collected. Buffalo paths and Indian trails could be seen. At Maple Creek, several Indians — some painted — came down from their encampment, which we had seen, to sell buffalo horns. Each of the Indians held up a finger to mean that they asked $1 when 50c was offered; one held up 3 fingers, to say that he would take 75c. Soon after a Moose was seen ; I also saw another. They asked here 5c each for apples. At Cadbiiry ihey were 5c a lb. At midday the wind ble^y a hurricane, which was terrible. We weni miles and miles, seeing nothing but water stations to supply the engines, until we came to Medicine Hat^ wh). .' is a strange looking place. As we approached 1 could see Indians, wrapped in blankets of all colors^ roraing towards the station with horns to sell. One gentleman bought a beauty for a dollar, said to be worth $5 at Winnipeg ; a painted squaw was also selling. After crossing the river, we saw the Police bar- racks. Near the fiiht switch we came to about a dozen men running across the prairie towards us, waving their 1 1 r. ^ hats, and shouting to us to stop. I went out to see what was the matter. One said " that we were going to be. attacked by Indians, and they had come to warn us." Men working in a gravel pit came to tell us that a car had been blown on our line. Our engine went to put it out of the way. The wind rattled our windows, w^hich caused some excitement. The country was quite flat, and there was nothing to see but the trail of the- buffalo. About 8 o'clock I saw a large fire, which was near Crowfoot's reservation, about 3 miles from. Crowfoot Station. The next station wasGleichen, where General Strange's ranch is. Most of the country here is used for ranches, but we could see no cattle ; they said they w^re down in the valleys. The day was- very fine. We scon got ready for our night's rest, but were told that we would be in sight of the Rockies at 12 o'clock, midnight. Thursday, Xoccmhcr 4, we were awake, and at six a.m. at Field station. After going up grade for 50 miles, we descended for 8 miles, and arrived, at break of day,, in the most picturesque spot I ever saw. We were miles above the sea level, and yet at the foot of large high mountains,with snow on their tops The mountains threw out different shades of color as daylight appeared, and in the gloom we could se^ the lights in the windows of a new hotel, the only building in sight, and in a very pretty situation — one of the most fairy like scenes imagin- 12 i; t 5 able. This is Kicking Horse Pass, and the bej^inning of *6oo miles of mountains that we have to go through. There are three other passes in the mountains — ' imely, Selkirk, Go^d Range and Cascade. As between here and the next pass the scenery is very grand, 1 got on the -engine, and had a comfortable scat. We crossed Kicking Horse river nine times, and went through a number of tunnels. All the mountains were covered with snow. It was a fine day, but we were told that it had snowed all yesterday, and that there was hardly a clear day. The mountains are all wooded. Two rivers start near here ; one tlows into the Atlantic and the other into the Pacific The latter is a mighty river. Wild goats are plentiful on the mountains, and land-slides take place very often. When the euL'ine went East it struck a boulder, and when I was on the engine I saw men taking a large tree off the track, that had fallen since the last train had passed. I cannot describe the scenery, it was so beautiful ; and thus we went along to Donald, where we changed engines. Donald has about a hundred houses, roughly built of lumber, nearly all one storey high. We next went uj) to a very great height, and as we ascended the scenery got awfully grand. One of the passengers -said, ^' look here," and another would say, " look there ;" and as we went over the highest bridge in the world, 275 feet high, all the passengers got out on the platform to see ^he sights. About here the snow slu'ds begin. We were •» 13 mrj now passing through the ^' Selkirk Pass." The highest mountain in this range is ^' Carl." AVhen we were at che highest point we looked up, and were told that thc- mountain we were looking at was a mile higher than we- were, perpendicularly over us. We afterwards crossed the Illecillevort river thirteen times. I saw hundreds of mountain tops covered with snow, too grand to describe ; and as we came down grade, where the railway makes a loop, all the passengers seemed to call out " Oh ! Oh ! is it not fine ? " The trees are of immense size — red cedar and pine. We crossed the Columbia River twice , the last time the stream was half a mile wide. At one place we looked down into a deep canyon, about 200 feet below us, where we saw running water, which was a grand sight. When we got to the Glacier Hotel, we stopped for dinner. As the Hotel building had not been finished, a dining car on the siding had its place. There were about six inches of snow on the ground. We made a visit to the only building, which has just been erected here, close to the foot of the Glacier Mountain, which is covered over with ice all the year. This is the only place where we saw snow on the track. We soon got into the Gold Range. These mountains are not so steep as the others. As we went down the trees got larger. A number of Chinamen were working on the sections. The mountains are of different shape and color, but evening came and hid from us the rest of the 1 14 ^scenery. We passed through another range, the Cas- •cade, which has higher mountains than the Gold Range. I never expect to see so much again as I saw to-day ; .the beauty and glory of the scene was remarkable. Frldaxj, Nov. bth. We were still running along the mountains, the trees being of immense size — the foliage •quite green, as in Ontario two months earlier. We wxMit through a number of tunnels. The scene was somewhat "Changed, yet it was beautiful to look at. As we got to .the P>aser River small farms were ^^cen, and the low lands of the mountains were very pretty, situated as •they were on both sides of the river. About 8 a.m. we .arrived at Yale, which is a very picturesque place, sur- rounded by mountains. Several small orchards were seen as we left Yale; also a great number of Chinamen, and some Indians. We passed some small farms, the cattle on which were out grazing. We ran beside four large lakes, ^stocked with water fowl, within seven miles of Port Moody. A branch train here runs into New West- minster, a distance of eight miles. Port Moody is a village •of only a few houses, some of which are not finished and never will be, as the place is dead. At the wharf there were a couple of ships, while our steamer, the '' Prin- cess Louise, " was noticed coming, and soon we got on board. This is a very fine harbour, and on the other side of it is Moody ville, a pretty village, containing saw mills ; and ships were loading lumber. After calling at Moody- •*) 1 15 ville we crossed back co Vancouver, a distance of fourteen miles from Port Moody, and in the same bay. The scenery of the mountains is very fine. After securing hotel accommodation, we took a look around, and saw a large sturgeon, S% feet long, and weighing 300 pounds. Pears were sold at 3 lbs. for 2 bits, dates 30 cts. per lb., and wild geese 50 cts. each. This is a busy place. There is much building going on, and the land is being cleared to make room for building purposes. The roads are of wood, and so are all the buiiiings. The C.P.R. are i)utting up a large hotel. Hotel accommodation is not very dear, on which account all the folks live in hotels. I put up at the *' Regina. " There is here a heavy rainfall, owing to ihc proximity of the mountains, numbers of which can be seen with snow on their peaks. I found the place very muddy, particularly where the streets are not finished. There is very little snow, but the cold, however, goes sometimes to zero for a few days. The steamer for Victoria calls daily, except on Mondays ; the distance is 65 miles, and the full fare S3. Chinese cooks are employed in all the hotels. I saw a Chinese doc- tor's place; and a number of Chinese do all kinds of work and keep stores. One day is enough to see all there is here. Numbers of people were fishing on the wharf. Two young men whom I saw told me they had been clerks in Montreal, but were now using the pick and shovel, and intended to return to that •a I ' ! ! i6 city as soon as they had money enough to pay their way. After staying one day here we took the steamer for Victoria, and sailed out of the finest harbour in the world. Sea i'ulls and wild ducks are to be seen in great numbers. The mountains in Washington Terri- tory are to be seen tolerably plainly. I saw a compara- tively small whale spouting water. In the month of December the whales come into this harbour to breed. About half-past nine o'clock we saw the lights of the city of Victoria, and soon after arrived at that place, which is the chief town in British Columbia. We took up quarters at the Ideal House. On Sunday morning I took a walk as far as Esquimalt, wliere a fine dry dock- yard has been built. I then walked back, and visited the Chinese quarters and their temple. There are about 4,000 Chinese here, whom I went to visit several times, once to see a ceremony designed to drive away the devil. Victoria has a population of about 10,000; it is chiefly built on the sea shore, and has several bridges to cross the inlets. Most of the cottages in the suburbs are very pretty, and have nice flower gardens, which blossom neaiiy the whole year round. A number of them were made ready for spring. The coast is rocky. The drives out of the city are very pretty, and along them rose bushes are to be seen. Beacon Hill Park, which is very fine, is an elevated pk'teau near the sea. Five cents is the 1 n 17 smallest coi:» in use. If you ask the price of anything it is so many '* bits, " which are equal to 12^2 cents. An Indian reservation has been established near. They are called the *' Siquams, " and arc the ugliest Indians that can be imagined (see Appendix j . Many of them are to be seen in Victoria, which is, on the whole, a very pretty place, has some very decent stores, and several tine streets a few blocks in length. The climate is very regular. The houses have no double windows or blinds. 1 hey call us Eastern people, and say we eome from Canada. Tliey are very English in their manners, and very indepen- dent. The harbour is a fine one, and a good deal of shipping goes on. A steamer leaves once a week (every Saturday) for San Francisco and California, and I left on the S.S. '^ Mexican" on Salnnljf/, the 13^/t Xovcmhcr. We started at 9 o'clock at night. It was moonlight. The steamer is like an ocean and river boat. We had about 100 cabin and 150 steerage passengers on board. The cabin is very comfortable, and the table is well supplied On Sinidm/ morning we were out on the Pacific Ocean, wliich was quite calm ; this steamer, however, is a bad one to roll. The wind being in our favour, we passed themoutii of the Columbia River at 11 a.m. There were no signs of it loeing Sunday, the only reminder being a notice that no card playing was allowed. It was a delightfully warm day, and very few people were sick ; the night was lovely, with a full moon and warm breeze. \ i8 On Mondd}/ monung^ the wind being in our favour, we got opposite California about lo a.m., and began to keep nearer the shore. There was a steamer in sight. The mountains got lower as we went along, and sea gulls fol- lowed us all the way ; the day was all we could desire, with another beautiful night. Tarsdd)/ was warm. We had about 50 Chinese on board, who were going to China, and intended to return. Gulls, ducks, fish eagles, divers and ])elicans (I did not see the pelicans), were to be seen ; we also encountered a large whale^ and there were jelly-fish in abundance. As we neared San Francisco several ves- sels and steamers were to be seen ; and at 4 p.m. we steamed into the Golden Gate, passing the sand banks, forts and lighthouses, and arrived at the wharf at 5 p.m., wiiere the Customs' Officers examined our baggage. As the city is built on hills, we had a good view of it as we came up the harbour, which is a very fine one, with a great deal of shipping frequenting it. San Francisco, I6th November. After finding a com- fortable place to stay at, we went out to see the city, which has a population of about 300,000. The Palace Hotel is the finest one I ever visited ; the sidewalks are of marble and very wide ; but the buildings are too close to it. The street cars that run the hills — this being a very hilly city — are worked by a cable ; the car that has the grip is half the size of the closed car, and has outside seats. On some half )me 19 lines the two cars are made into one. There was a tree about Cor 7 feet hiizh, bearing lovely fuschias, in the front of the house I stayed at, and the garden in rear contained some beautiful flowers. Palm trees and calla iillies are quite common. On the l*lth November we went for a drive to the Golden Gate Park. It was most refreshing to sec flowers of all kinds, and the roses in particular were very fine. The trees and grass were as we have them in the summer months, except that they did not look so fresh as with us. Vegetables, such as lettuce, .adishes, etc.. grow all the year round. The finest grapes can be bought here at 25c. per box of 25 lbs., and they make very fine wine, wliich is sold cheap. Most of the wine is made about 60 miles from San Francisco. In the evening we went to a lecture at theY.M.C.A. rooms ; they have a fine building, and the Association is in a flourishing condition. On the ISth November I made a return visit to the Park, taking the cable car. The distance is four miles, and the fare five cents. As I looked at the flowers, I saw some butterflies and bees. I visited the conservatories, which ce. One feature of considerable interest par ■ly was the Holy Ghost plant, which was in flower (See A})- pendix). They have one house for ferns and another for w^ater lilies. I saw some fine buiiana trees, with their leaves twelve feet long, and large bunches of fruit growing on them. A great number of calla lilies were growing outside. 4 20 I)! I near tlic ponds. The drives are very fine, and the mottoes made of flowers are exceedingly pretty. The race-course is quite near the Park, and here some horse-racing was going on. When going to the Park I saw a large balloon being filled with gas, and when in the Park saw it up in the air with two men in it. A Chinaman was hanged here to-day for murder; and there are now twenty mur- derers on trial in the city. Saturday, Novanhcr 2()th. It rained in the morning, but in tb.e aficrnooii cleared up. On my asking for 5c worth of iic finest grapes, I was given three beautiful large bunclies, as much as three persons could eat. All round the city were notices, *' Strawberries and cream, ten cents 1" On Snuchff/, Novcmher 2\st^ I made a trip across to Oakland, on the other side the Bay. The boats are large and elegantly furnished; it takes fifteen minutes to cross, and the fare is fifteen cents. Two boats cross every half hour. After crossing, I took the train to East Oak- land, about 8 miles ; this train goes through the streets, and any one can ride on it free. Hundreds got on and off, as it stopped every mile or so. The population on this side is about 40,000, including that of the suburb of Alameda. Visiting a friend who has a fine garden, he told his boy to gather me a few violets, of which he gave me a large bunch. I saw geraniums growing the height of five or six 21 oy feet. Most of the houses liere have large lots attached to them, in which they cultivate flowers. Returning to San Francisco, I went to the Congregational Church, which is a very nice building, and was fiiirly full. Solos were sung, and a lecture was given by the minister. Moiuhn/j Noccniher 2'2n, a number of which were unload- ing huiibor brought from the State of Oregon. I then went to visit the dry dock, and a vessel in it, which was lowered with the dock into the sea until she was afloat. The process only took a few minutes. Wnh)(S(l It i; 34 after dark, and as it is the fiiiL'st sii^lit in the iiioinitaiiis 1 was sorry to miss it. There was only one decent lioiisc seen during the entire day, which was a kind of farm house. After su|)i)er, at Field, a large engine was at- tached to our train, as we liad a steep place of eight miles to ascend — the steepest place on tlie line. As [ looked out, it being night, the head-light of the rear engine threw the light on one side, so that .1. could see the great depth of snow that was on this mountain. W^e soon got to the highest point, where two rivers begin their course, one llowing to the Atlantic and the other towards the Pacific. Trees grow and ap[)ear to lluurish at ihis great height on the toi: of the mountains, Fridfu/, Dicc.iiibcr \7th. When I awoke F thought I was at the sea-side, as !hei)rairie, witli all its little undu- lations filled with snow, looked so nuich like the ocean. The first station we sto])ped at was Lilley. 'J'he only buildings were the station and section house, witli a few acres fenced in. Nothing was to ( e seen except the i)rairie, until we crossed the river, and arrived at ^Medicine Hat. Here I saw an Indian encampment on tlie river side, and several painted Indians and their S(|uaws came to the station to sell buffalo horns, etc. Some of the Indians had their dojrs drawing loads. Some of the Mounted Police were also at the station. After staying here al)0ut an hour we went on to Dmn.iore, where the North West Coal Co. load their ci),il into th.e C.P.R. cars. 35 Their mines are a little west of rsFedicine Hat. 'J'licrc was not much to sec iiiuil wc came to Mai)Ie Creek, wlierca L^reat number of Iiichans came on board the train, most of them painted. Some had feathers in their liair. We soon left the station, after several passen,i2;ers had bought horns. As darkness set in it became stormy and cold, and at 9 }).m. it was snowing hard, and was in- tensely cold. We had been running all day along the |)rairie, which was ])artly covered with snow. I saw a large white bird. 1 did not know what it was, but was told it was a pelican. Satio'ddt/, JJcccmhcr lS//t. This was a fmc cold morn- ing. A good deal of snow was on the groimd, and pas- sengers began to come on the train as we drew nearer to Winnipeg. We sto|)[)ed at lirandon to change engines. As we were behind tinic again, in the morning we began to make it u]). so as to get into Winnipeg early. The only animals I saw during the day were some rabbits. At Winnipeg a number of the jmssengers stayed over a day. I went to the Grand Union hotel, which is one of the leading houses there, and has everything first-class and reasonable in i)rice. 'J'he weather was very cold. ^and'tij morning, .Dcrmihrr \{)th, I went to the Con- gregational Church, but it was terribly cold — 10 below zero, though it seemed to me to oe much below that. In the afternoon I i)aid a visit to the Military School, and was very much interested in it. Preparations were being ! ■j 1 li M 3^> made to decorate the place for Christmas. T seemed to like WinnipcL; hetter the more T saw of it. About 6 |).m. I went to the station to start again for Montreal. The twenty-four hour system is used from l^ort Arthur to Port Moody, There is one hour diffc'rence in time east and west of Winnipeg. Winnipeg is very (juiet on the Sabbath. The very cold weather did not keep the folks from being out ; and they all seemed to enjoy it. Af(Hi(ld is fully oi)ened a sort of hood covers the dove. As the flower expands, the flowers of some are so irregular and grotes(|ue that they are absolutely Ijcyond description. Some orchids are e]^ii)hytes, li\ing only on air, apparently, l^ind one of them fast to a post, a jnece of pottery, or anything of that hind, sim} ly to hold it, and it will grow and thrive as though its roots vero jtlanted in the earth.