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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en has, en prenant le nombre d'images n§cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. \ ;■*■ ;: * : 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 (^i-l J ^" I FA IN THE I GENERA SUPERl FREEGR HO^ n - 7 . ■ -,^ /■ FARMING AND RANCHING IN THE GENERAL ACCOUNT OF MANITOBA AND THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. SUPERIOR ADVANTAGES FOR AGRICULTURAL SETTLERS. UNRIVALLED RANCHING DISTRICTS. FREE GRANTS AND CHEAP LANDS, AND HOW TO GET THEM< CLIMATE AND HEALTH. HOW TO GO, AND WHAT TO DO AT THE START. TESTIMONY OF ACTUAL SETTLERS HOW TO PURCHASE RAILWAY LANDS, Reiulatioiis for U Sale of Lands of tin: Caiiadiau Pacific Railway Company. The C'iinadinii Vm-Mu' Railway Company offer for sale some of the finest AtrricnlUirai Lands ill ?*I.uiit()ha and tho ^'ortli-Wi'si'. '\'\m lands helon"r cont. por annum, payable at the end of the year with each inatalniun' Payments may be made in liand (iranti)ouds, wliich will Vje accepted at ten })er cent, premiu Dii'thoir jiar vahin, with accrued inl(»rest. These bonds can l»e ohtaim il on application at th Bank of ^lontreal, or at any of its a;,'enci(>3 in (.'anada or the United States. c3r:E:i be paiiii by tlie purchaser. 3. I'he Comi)anv < i{)any reserve from Kale, under these res^ulalions, all nuneral and coal lanl.s and lands containinf.; tind>er in quantities, stone, slate and marble quarries, lands v ill, watci [Kiwer tliereon, and tracts for town sites and railway jiurjiosea. 4. Minerid, coal ami tind)er lands and quarries, and lands controlling wator-jKuver, wi be disixiHod of on very niotlerate terms to jtersous giving satisfactory evidence of their iiit^'uti' and ability to utilize the same. Liberal rates for settlers and their effects will be granted l)y the Compau}- o\er its Lailway Foi further particulars apply to L. A. HAJ^ILTON, Land Commissioner, Canadian Pacin: Railway Co.. Winnipeg, SOUTHERN MANITOBA LANDS. The pAmplotion of the Manitoba Simth-'WcPtcrn Coloniziitii>n Ii;iilw!iy to Dclorainc.a p'Tiiit in tiio ncighborhoiM; , i.f Whiiewutcr Lake and to (tlcnboro, ha« luaiio avuiLible U.r h(Miif-to:i(iiiig a birKC area of excellent iaad, which has hitherto been undesirable in only one partiiuilar — the ab.-unce ol ruilwiiy ooiuinunioation. Porthosedesirouaof purchasing, the LAND (illANT of the MAXITOBA SOUTH-WESTERN COLONIZA TTON RAILWAY COMrANY, only mw jilaced on the market, ttVers sjieeial attraction.'. It cinsists of over l,(KKi,iiOO acres of the cL icest land in Auicriea, well ail ii>ted for prain crowiuK and mixed farming, in n belt t' miles wide, inunediatoly north of the Intern:! tinnal Boundary, and trom r.iiige VA 'we.'fward. That i)orti(iii of tbi.- ^-rant lying between r.inf.e 1,'! and the western liniit of Miinitob.i is -well .-^t-rtled, the homesteads having been Ion;.' taken up. I'urchtu^ers will at oi.ee have all the advanfat.'''s ol this early settlement, .=uch as schools, churcho- ai'.i muuicipnl organization. The fertility of the soil has licen amidy demonstrated by the splendid croi)s thut hiivc been raised from year to year in that district. The country is well watered by lake." and streams, the principal o! which are llock Lake, Pelican Lake, Whitewater liake, and the Souris River and its tributaries, while riever-failini: spring creeks take their rise in the Turtle Mountain. Wood is plentiful, and lumber suitable for building pun>oso- is manuf:>cturcd at iJesford, Deloraino and Wakopa, and may be purchased at reasonable prices. At the two lattei poiuts grist mills are also in operation. The terms of purchase of the ^lanitoba South-Western Colonization Railway Comj>any are tlin same as those of the Canadian Pacific Kailway Company. / ",•:. I NDS. fdWl ullurai Lands nil Township uain line, vill AT WINNIPEG, ^ be pivou; but . •cr iiiiio yearw, h iiistalinei)' , c(Mil. iirenii'i >licati(in at tli intil final pay- ;; ntB I ■> be pair. | Tj(i coal lanln N V itb V. angr- ier-] Kiwpr, W! (Mr inteutiui, r ■r us rtailwiiv 0.. Winnipeg.! I the neighborhood 2 llont land, which J RN CObONlZA- " 1 C'llK-i.-'tr-' iit'ovc ' ming, in n, belt 2'. lat portion ol'tbi.- haviiig lieL'ii Umis oIh, churpbo- un.i d oropf thni liiivc . tho iirineiiKil<'i lile rievcr-failiiit- )uildin(r pun»o.=n- } At the two lattoi ^ ( ' mijiany are '*ii'"*i> J * i .r-^._ ':^ir^y^,-*^ ^. ll I! .... ^ Vi^«^-. ... . \:^ 1 Ji 'N5 \ ■..-^ i^ i^'^ ^■:^^ -^../ ,> V? ■ i: I ^ '♦'i;/*; ^"^^''"'"p^^'^ t"''' Tib i8Tf OVIA ri '*///. •._..jj- '> en: /' mm mtmm > IMMMNMMMnMMM The( in T^l.iuitx within th bo illspOB) DETAILED ^'"•^y -J / 'i>, ^"iJS .7:.J/,.. mmm 1 :;*iT3^' ■'^'^^ /«^^rr,V" - ;^ i it i \mmmxm\mm 1 FARMING AND RANCHING IN THE CANADIAN NORTHWEST. GENEEAL ACCOUNT OF MANITOBA AND THE NOETH- WEST TEREITOEIES. SUPEFIOE ADVANTAGES FOR AGEICULTUEAL SETTLEES. UNEIYALLED EANCHING DISTETCTS. FEEE GEANTS AND CHEAP LANDS, AND HOW TO GET THEM. CLIMATE AND HEALTH. HOW TO GO, AND WHAT TO DO AT THE STAET. TESTIMONY OF ACTUAL SETTLEES. *a/ H ■"155 '^^'^^ FtSc^Mu H. R. PoB itflc Slave Vf «slijii,oJn^\H. B. Post H, B. Post La Crosse ^ Lake •» lis \aiii '■■-« ■•"I ill,, I, I,. ' I 'iii ' I t;!! MpSi if; THE CANADIAiN NORTH-WEST. n^ HE COUNTRY OF ALL OTHERS FOR THE FARMER Am RANCHMAN. It is uo louger a matter of argument iLat there is uo better couutry thau the Cauadiaii North- West for the farmer-immigrant. Results have demonstrated that fact, beyond any question of doubt. The Provinces of Mani- toba and Assiuiboia raised in 1886, ten millions ; in 1887, nearly fourteen millions of bushels of wheat, and a pro- portionate quantity of other grains ; they are exporting potatoes to Ontario, and took the prize in competition with all Canada for certain dairy products. In Alberta there are 20,000 head of neat cattle, 30,000 horses, and 25,000 sheep pastured upon leased ranches. Of these, there were shipped to Montreal, as an experiment, during the Autumn of last year, principally for export, 1,500 head of cattle. They realized prices which gave a very profitable return to the Ranchers, and the beef at once took first rank in the Eastern markets. In England the cattle were highly spoken of and sold at prices which gave to the shipper a good return on his invest- ment. This is the first year of exportation of cattle, from the Canadian Ranches, but the experiment has been so sicceesful that no doubt is entertained of a large and highly profitable export trade being established in the immediate future. Experience has therefore shown that the objections which its detractors have urged against the Canadian North-West, were simply put forward with the intention of diverting emigrants from the country. There is no more advantageous locality on the Continent of America for the investment of capital in agriculture and cattle raising, or fov the man without capital to acquire a com- petence by industry, than on the Canadian prairies. The question, then, before the intending emigrant, is not whether it is a good thing to go to the Canadian North- West, but simply in what part of that great wheat empire it will be best to make his home ; what particular line of agricultural industry he shall engage in, and how best to prepare for it. To give information and advice upon these points is the object of the present pamphlet. Why the Canadian North-West Should be Pre- ferred TO the United States. The Canadian North-West should be preferred by Cana- dians and Englishmen to the United States in the first place because it in Canadian. The men of the Maritime Provinces, Quebec and Ontario, who emigrate to Manitoba, or the other prairie provinces, do not find themselves among aliens, and obliged to learn new laws or conform to novel customs, but remain among people whose sentiments, habits and political views are identical with their own, and whose business interests are not antagonistic to those of the friends and relatives left behind. Secondly, the Canadian North-West is the newest and offers its virgin soil at first hand to the settler. In the United States prairie regions almost no land worth the having remains for free entry. The grazing lands there were long ago filled to overcrowding ; indeed, the ranchers of Montana and Dakota are already looking to the Cana- dian North-West for the purpose of extending their opera- tions and taking advantage of what has proved to be a coun- try with a better and milder climate in winter, and with more nourishing grasses. The fact has been actually demonstrated that cattle driven across the border and into the Canadian ranches improved in condition each day of their march ; and no liner cattle are to-day shipped across the Atlantic than those which have matured on the Western Canadian plains. In the neighbouring ♦States the mineral and timber lands have been seized upon everywhere ; in fact, the opportunities which offer in the early development of a new country have there, for the most i)art passed by. The hardy pioneers of the Canadian North- West have tested the capabilities of the prairie and explored the mountains and forests. The country has been thoroughly examined, and opened for settlement, and the earlier settlers, both on ranc-h and farm, are reaping the first beueiits. But there is a vast territory, and ample room, and to the earliest on the ground are open the opportunities for best choice, and remuneratiA^e investment of time and mone3^ Then again, the Canadian laws relating to the acquire- ment and tenure of land, for both agriculture and stock raising, are more liberal and easy i'or the new comer than those of the United States. Before a foreigner can heroine a hmdholder, under the home- stead regulations of the United States, he is obliged to fake the American oath of allegiance, and renounce that of the country of his birth. This is not the place to criticise the pro- priety of the American Government in exacting such an oath ; but it is quite pertinent for us to ask whether it is a desirable thing for a foreigner to subject himself to it. No such oath is necessary in Canada to enable a man to take up land; it is free to all. 6 For a farmor, it is quite clear that he loses by settling- upon a homestead in any of the North-Western States or Territories of the Union, rather than in Manitoba or Assiniboia, since there is no doubt that, acre for acre, the Canadian can raise more wheat and better wheat, than his American rival has yet been able to do. From an article in the Canadian Gazette for April 19th, 1883 the following" pertinent paragraphs are quoted, as applying here, because experience since that time has more than borne out the statements made. " Taking from official sources the average yield of grain i>er acre, during the last six years, in Canadian territories and the United States, the following is the result : — Wheat. Oats. I'.arloy. Canadian Northwest I'S 59 41 United States 15 32 22 " The greater advantage, in point of yield, of Canada, is at once strik- ingly apparent. The quality, too, is first claf-s. Flour bearing the Manitoba brand commands the best prices in the market, and many United States millers prei'or Canadian grain to that grown in the States. The possibilities of grain-growing in the Canadian territories are almost beyond estimate- A practical question will suggest itself respecting the comparative accessibility to eastern markets of Canadian and United States produce. At present Port Arthur may be considered the collecting and distributing point for the agricultural products of the Canadian North- West. Its distance from Liverpool, via the Canadian Pacific Rail- way and Montreal, is about 200 miles shorter than from Chicago, whence the products of the "Western and North Western States to a great extent find their way to the sea-board. So that the Canadian wheat fields are in a more favorable position for the exportation of produce to those of the Western and North Western States, while, from the Canadian average yield being nearly double that of the States, grain can be practically grown in the former with half the land, seed, and labor required in the latter. The surveying systems of both Grovernments being the same, the division of the public lands into square miles, halves and quarters, gives the same unit of 160 acres as the homestead in each ; but the conditions of this free grant are harder on the American than on the Canadian side. In the United States, the applicant must be 21 years of age, and if he chooses land rated at $2.50 (10s.) an acre, he can take only 80 acres ; while in Canada, all the lands open for homesteading are in lots of not less than 160 acres. In the United States, the fee for " taking up " a homestead is $26 {£ii 4s ), whereas in Canada it is only $10 (iJ2). In the United States, five years of actual residence upon his land is required of the homesteader, while in Canada, three years suffice to put him in complete pos- session. Moreover, in Canada, the taking of a homestead does not prevent a man from the pre-emption of other Grovernment lands, while, in the United States, a man who has one homestead cannot enter for another. In Canada, a man may commute by purchase, after one year's residence and cultivation ; in the United States, he cannot do this. The matter of taxes is another most important point of difference in favor of the Canadian settler. By the very simple municipal organization of communities (as fast as settlements require any government at all), local affairs are managed at home with but little expense. A reeve and council are elected each year by the people, and this organization takes charge of all local matters, the most important item of which is road building and re- pairing. There being no turnpike trusts, each land- holder works out his road-tax by his own labor, or the labor of his teams. Grovernment aid has hitherto been given towards the few expensive bridges or other public works called for by the people. Courts and police are provided by the general Govern- ment, which also makes liberal grants for schools. Two 8 sections in each township are set apart by the Dominion Grovernment, the proceeds of which, when sold, are applied to the support of schools. There is a superintendent in each district, and teachers a,re required to pass a rigid examination. The result is that public schools throughout the West, are highly ■creditable and effective. Academies and colleges are found in Winnipeg and several of the larger towns, some of them under the control of religious bodies, others in the form of private enterprise. Except in Manitoba, there are, as yet, no Provincial Governments to be supported. The people of Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Athabasca manage public affairs through a small representative body called the Council of the North-West Territories, which meets once a year at Regina, and is presided over by a Lieutenant- Governor, appointed and paid by the Dominion. This simplicity, and the favorable situation generally, makes taxation very light. An article in the Canadian Colonist, (Montreal Oct. 188t) contains statements on this subject well worth remembering : " Since the excellent crops that have blessed and distinguished the Cana- dian Northwest this year have been succepsfully gathered, there has been a marked increase in the immigration from Dakota and Montana of farmers who have tried these districts and found them wanting. The amount of taxation is one of the greatest complaints, many I)akota men finding that they need pay in Manitoba or Assiniboia only a fourth or fifth as much as a similar amount of property in Dakota costs them. " The advantage in favor of a settler this side the line, would be con- siderable anywhere ; but is esj)ecially true of settlements like those near Turtle Mountain, which are quite as far, or farther from the nearest American railway than those this side the line are from the nearest Manitoba railway. Here, supposing the price of wheat were the same and the cost of hauling the same, the difference between ten or twelve dollars taxes in Canada and $50 or $75 in Dakota would represent a profit well worth considering to tlie beginner, if this were the only advantage. This matter of taxes was very thorouglily treated some time ago by Mr. J. H. Wood, who wrote a blue book essay published by the Dominion agricultural department containing some statistics. 9 " In northern Dakota, lie says, T was bronfrlit into contact with the tax collector, and found a wonderful diflcrence between Dakota and Manitoba. A friend of mine from the county of Oxford informed me that last year bis taxes on one half-section and bis farming outfit were $^75. This year be expected to get otl' with $20 less. There, every imi)lement on the farm from the hoe to the self binder is taxed — the stoves and furniture in the house, the watch in the man's pocket, the money and notes in bis drawer, and if the assessor has any doubts about the amount of said notes he is authorized to take an affidavit to the statement. I was not prepared to learn that the heaviest item of their taxation was a direct tax for the general government. The board of commissioners for the county of Pembina was sitting when I was there, whose duty it is to settle the rates of taxation. The following is the schedule : Territorial 3 2-10 mills on the dollar. County rates 2 5-19 do Schools 2 do Roads and bridges 1 do Court House bonds 13-10 do " I may also mention that v.ben taxes are in arrears for one year, the land, with the owner's name, is advertized for sale, and the county paper for this county of Pembina has a page and two columns, in fine print, or by measurement over 2,500 parcels, advertised for sale on the 4th of October. The result of all this is that land is rapidly falling into the hands of the '' money sharks," as they are called. " In the same report, Mr. Wood pointed out certain other disadvan- tages, as follows : — ' Another grievous disability that the faraiers in Dakota complained of was the scarcity of water. Those who were from six to ten miles from the river had to draw it that distance in waggon- boxes fitted for the purpose, and for threshing by steam, it required two and sometimes three teams to keep up the supply of water. This surely made threshing an expensive item, six cents per bushel being the cost to the farmer, besides boarding the men. In ^Manitoba it is done for three cents per bushel.' " There is still another difi^icnlty with which the farmer is called to wrestle and is at a disadvantage with the Manitoba settler. The farming implement man has been around and has done a large business on the credit plan. The notes at 12 per cent, are past due, and where there is $200 owing, the farmer is given his choice either to be saddled with costs for collection, or pay the dealer a bonus of $40 for another year's grace. As a rule they accept the latter alternative, the note with its 12 per cent, interest still remaining in full." 10 Climate. A great deal has been writteu, aud much misrepresen- tation indulged in, about the heat of summer and the cold of the Canadian winters. That the winter is cold, there is no doubt, but it is not so severe as that of many European countries. " I did not myself notice the slightest difference," writes the embas sador of the bankers of Amsterdam, " between the climate of Minnesota and Manitoba, and I am persuaded that tlie erroneous reports, to which I have referred, are circulated in the interests of Minnesota, Dakota, and other American States, and solely with the object of discrediting Canada, and counteracting the continually increasing flow of emigration to Mani- toba and the Canadian North-West." The atmosphere is bright, the sun shines almost every day, and when it is very cold, there is seldom any wind ; the air is still, and although cold, is extremely bracing and health giving. " Blizzards " are scarcely known, and cyclones which periodically sweep over the "Western and North-Western States and Territories of the United States, leaving destruction and desolation in their path, have never visited any portion of Canada. "The mean temperature of Winnipeg in June, July and August, is 62.8 F. ; at Penzance in Cornwall, during the same period, it is 60.90. Summer heat is usually about TO**, although the thermometer occasionally rises to 100'', but the nights are cool. In winter, the temperature sometimes falls to 30'' or 40° below zero. It is a singular fact, however, that Europeans do not feel the cold as much as Canadians do, and this is most likely in consequence of the dryness of the atmosphere." This dryness of the air is the secret of the degree of comfort experienced even when the mercury is very low, for that sensation of penetrating chill which makes the cold weather of coast regions so unpleasant and unhealthy, is rarely felt. Snow never falls to a great depth and the railway trains across the plains have never been seriously impeded by it. As this snow is perfectly dry, a person 11 ^sen- the not of i never has wet feet or soaked clothinn; by it. There is no thawing after winter sets in — say the last of November ; only steady, bright frost until March. Men travel with teams everywhere, taking their grain to market, hauling fuel, building and fencing material, and doing all their work. Stock thrive well out of doors so i'ar as the cold is concerned, and along the base of the Rockies, where warm, dry Chinook winds from the west absorb the snow rapidly, herds of horses and cattle have hitherto been left out all winter, to shift for then? elves. Calves and lambs are born on the open prairie in January and February, and not only live but grow fat. Everyone unites in testi- fying to the healthfulness of the country. "One of the most important factors in regard to healtli," to quote a recent writer, " is a pood water supply, which the territories enjoy in a peculiar degree. To the home this matter is of first importance. For tho farmer and stock-raiser, too, the water question is of equal moment. Rivers, streams, lakes, and lakelets abound; but when these are too far off, or the water is brackish, as some of it is, a constant supply of pure water may be had by digging eight or ten feet into the earth." The seasons in the West are well markel. Ploughing can often be commenced about the end of March, but generally not before April 5. The snow disappears rapidly and the ground dries quickly. Winter closes promptly and decisively, and does not " linger in the lap of spring." Sowing is done during almost the v/hole of April, and is finished early in May. The summer months have bright, clear, and often very warm weather ; but the nights are cool. The days are very long on account of the high latitude, and grain has some hours more each day for ripening than in southerly latitudes, thus making up for the comparatively shorter season. Harvesting begins about the middle of August and ends early in September, all the grains coming pretty well together. A summer frost, sufficient to do any dam- age, is exceptional. One such occurred on the night 12 of Sept. 7, 1883, ])ut this exteuded over a large part of the United States as well, where no farmer ever ^ives a moment's anxiety to the probability of frost before harvest. After the second week of September, however, ther^ is always danger; and it is hese late frosts, erroneously called " summer" frosts which have given rise to mislead- ing reports. A country that can produce twelve million bushels of wheat beyond its own consumption, as the Canadian North-West did in 1887, cannot be condemned on the score of summer frosts. ''But some years were to a great extent, failures," it may be replied, yes, but those w^ere in the early days of agriculture, before farmers had learned the secret of sowing early — as soon as two or three inches depth of frost are out of the ground — and before they had used acclimatized seed of the proper varieties, (principally red Fyfe) as they are now doing. There is no more rea- son to fear grain-killing frosts in Manitoba or Assiniboia, hereafter, under proper cultivation, than in Ontario or Iowa. There is no lack of rain during the growing time of the year throughout Manitoba, Assiniboia and Saskatche- wan. Even in the districts west of the South Saskatche- wan, which were not considered altogether the best for w^heat growing, a great deal of farming has been done with much success, as shown by the results of the ten experi- mental farms of the Canadian Pacific scattered between Moose Jaw and Calgary. Mixed farming w^ill undoubt- edly be ibllow^ed to a lage extent in this district, as being best adapted to the soil and climate. Fuel. Although wood is scarce in certain districts, there is no difficulty in obtaining the best of coal at a very moderate price. It is shipped daily from the Lethbridge mine to every point of importance on the line of railway, and can also be obtained from the mines near I I the is slo an thi an] bit ace rea- as 13 Mt'dicino Hat. Settlers liud nc> didiculty in seturing' their winter supply of iuel. Anthracite or hard coal is also being mined at Anthracite on the eastern slope of the Kooky Mountains, and when fully developed, an unlimited quantity can be produced. Intending settlers, therefore, need have no anxiety on the question of fuel in any part of Manitoba and the Northwest. The; price of bituminous coal ranges from $4 (l(!s.) to !$8 (82s.) per Ion, according to the distance from the mines. Tree Culture. Tree culture has not yet claimed the attention in the Canadian North-West that it has received in many parts of the plains south of the boundary line. There is no rea- son to doubt, however, that in the early future a A'ery large aggregate area of trees will l>e planted in all parts of the plains, and what has been done already in that direc- tion shows that success will follow. In the neighborhood of Portage la Prairie in particular, farmers who have been there for eight or ten years, have, in many cases, protected themselves with groves of trei^s, that form most valuable wind-breaks about their houses and barns. The most notable example of this is the estate of Mr. Sissons', whose buildings appear to be just by the side of an unusu- ally large natural grove. These, however, are all trees of his own planting, and have grown from the seed. They are the native oak, maple, poplar, ash and cherry. Of these, the oak and ash are of comparatively slow growth, but the maple and poplar grow with great rapidity, and in the course of half a oze years, become good sized trees. System f Survey. This whole region has now been accurately surveyed by the Dominion Government, and parcelled out into square and uniform lots, distinctly marked, on the follow- ing plan : — All the land is divided into " townships " six 14 miles 8(juaiv, tho eastern and western bounds of wliich are true meridian lines Ibrmini'" the eastern and western boundaries of tlie ranges, while the northern and southern sides loUovv parallels latitude. Each township eon- tains thirty-six " sections " 01040 acres, or one scjuare mile each, which are ai^ain subdivided into quarter sections of IGO acres. A road-allowanci', one chain wide, is provided for betwetui each section runninj^ north and south, and between every alternati? section east and west, making* a net-work of i)ublic roads crossing at right angles, those north and south, one mile apart, and those east and west two miles apart. In the earlier surveys, road-allowances of one and one-half chains (1)9 feet) are left between all sections, so that the roads in both directions are only one mile apart. This system applies to the greater XDortiou of the Province of Manitoba. It will thus be seen that the sections in each township are^apportioned as follows : — Open for Homestead and Pre-emptions. — Nos. 2, 4. C, 10, 12, 14, 1(3, 18, 20, 22, Li, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36. Canadian Pacific Railway Sections. — Nos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, IV, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35. Nos. 1, 9, 13, 21, 25, 33 along the main line, Winnipeg to Moose-Jaw, sold to Canada North-West Land Company, with some additional sections throughout Manitoba to make up their purchase of 2,200,000 acres. School Sections. — Nos. 11, 29, (reserved by Government solely for school purposes). Hudson's Bay Sections. — Nos. 8 and 26. The surveyed lands are marked on the ground itself by iron and other kinds of monuments at the corners of the sub-divisions, and so soon as the new comer makes him- self acquainted with these, he can instantly determine the position and extent of his own or any other farm on the prairie. T the tile Kai sidt 4 15 The followiim- (lifiuviun illustrate Ihiw, suul sliows how tilt' owiuTship of tlu' liind is divided within "the fer- tile belt," which extends alonjjf the Canadian Pacifii' Kailway, with a breadth of twenty-lour miles on eaeh side of the line : — TOWNSHIP DIAGRAM, 6-in AntFS. N 31 €.P.B. 32 tJov. I'.P.R. »4 Uov. C.F.It. Uov. 30 Uov. a» NCh4M>lM. •2H iiOV. 27 «'.1*.K. 20 11.11. 25 <'.5I.W. «»r <-.P.R. W. 19 <'.P.R. 20 Uov. 1H_ Clov. I SI or C.P.K. 22 _ Uov. 23 «'.P.R. 24 (■ov. 17 C.P.R. 16 Uov. 15 "€.P.R. 14 Oov i:t or r.p.R. €.P.R. H.B. 9 c.y.w. or €.P.R. lO 11 Gov. Ncb:i] t I— «- "A O I < Q A o 4» ) 19 BEGINNING FARMING IN THE WEST. The new comer need not fear that when he reaches Winnipeg he will fall into the hands of thieves, impos- tors, or unfriendly people. If he follows the directions of this pamphlet, he will put himself in the hands of real friends, who will look after him. At Winnipeg, the Gov- ernment have erected a commodious barracks, which is kept in a tidy and healthful condition, and serves as a suitable temporary home for immigrants during the few days' delay which may intervene before they can go to their own homesteads. The train is met upon its arrival by the agents of the Government and of the CaDadian Pa- cific Railway Company, who take charge of immigrants and give them all the assistance and advice they need in a strange land. No railway in America offers such good accommodation to second class, or colonist passengers, as does the Cana- dian Pacific. Colonists from Europe are able to travel to new homes in Ontario, Manitoba, the North-West or Bri- tish Columbia, in nearly as great comfort as first-class- passengers. The cars devoted to the use of colonists are taken upon the same fast trains with the first class cars. They are convertible into sleeping cars at night, having upper and lower berths constructed on the same principle as those of the first class sleeping cars, and equally comfortable as tc< 20 ventilation, etc. They are taken through, ivithout change, all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. No other Railway in America can do this. No extra charge is made for the sleeping accommodation. Second class passengers, how- ever, must provide their own bedding. If they do not bring it with them, a complete outfit of mattress, pillow, blanket and curtains will be supplied by the agent of the company at the point of starting, at a cost of $2.50 (ten shillings). The curtains may be hung around a berth, turning it into a little private room. In addition to this men travelling alone are cut off from families by a partition across the car near the middle; and smoking is not permitted in that part of the car where the women and children are. At short intervals, the train stops at stations where meals are served in refreshment rooms, and where hot coffee and tea, and well-cooked food may be bought at very reasonable prices. The cars are not allowed to be- come over-crowded, and the safety and welfare ot colonist or second class passengers are carefully attended to. The baggage arrangements are the same as for first class pas- sengers, and every possible care is taken that the colonist does not go astray, lose his property or suffer imposition. Where a large number of colonists are going to the Far West together, special fast trains of colonist sleeping cars are dispatched. Let us now return from this digression to the settlers who, immediately upon their arrival in Winnipeg, are met by the emigration agents of the Government and the Canadian iacific Railway. In cases where they have already fixed upon some lo- cality for settlement, where friends are awaiting them, they are shewn how to proceed directly to that point. If they have not decided upon such a locality, but intend to seek a home. somewhere further West, they should imme- * 4 » ♦ > 21 • r ^ » 4 ^ ^ diately call upon the Land Commissioner of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. The price of the Railway lands for sale, their nearness to a railway station or market, the amount of settlement, the nationality of people in the neighborhood, and the exact character of the soil can be learned at his office. Every quarter section of the whole vast urea oivned by the Railway Company has been gone over by ojficial inspectors and reported upon in detail. All this information is open to the intending* settler. If the land of a certain section is sandy, or rocky, or marshy, or alkaline, or otherwise unsuitable for farming, he is told so ; if it is good land for grazing, but poor for farming, he learns that ; if it is thoroughly fertile and desirable, this will be pointed out. In short, the whole truth, whether it is favorable or unfavorable, can be learned from the maps and surveyor's notes shewn in this office. Most men, nevertheless, naturally wish to examine for themselves the section which seems to them from these reports most suitable, and this is strongly recommended in every case. They are then told what is the quickest and cheapest way to reach it, (special facilities being pro- vided for this purpose) and, when necessary, are furnished by the Dominion Grovernment Intelligence Officer with a guide, who either accompanies them all the way from Winnipeg, or meets them at the nearest railway station, and goes with them to the designated locality. If they are pleased (which is usually the case) all the arrangements for taking it up, or for its purchase, are made at once at the nearest agency, and they can im- mediately take posession. Only a very few days, there- fore, need elapse between the arrival of an immigrant in Winnipeg and his settlement upon the land of his choice. Meanwhile, his family and baggage can remain at the Immigrant House in safety and comfort. Providing them- i 22 selves with food in the city markets, ^they can cook their own meals upon the stoves in th<^ house ; and, with the bedding- which has served them during their journey, they can sleep in comfort in the bunk-bedsteads with which the rooms are fitted. Should they prefer, however, to stop at a hotel, they will find in Winnipeg public houses of all grades, where the total cost for each person varies from $1 (4s.) to $3 (12s.) a day, according to accommodation desired. It sometimes happens that the immigrant has not much more than sufficient money to carry him as far as "Winnipeg. In that case it will be necessary for him to begin immediateh'' to earn some money, but it is far bet- ter to come provided with a " shot in the locker." The Dominion Government has an agency in Winnipeg whose business it is to be informed where labor is needed. For Scandinavians and Danes there is a special agency under the auspices of the Scandinavian Society of Mani- toba, which welcomes and assists poor people of those nationalities. The arrival of a party of immigrants is always announced in advance, and it has often happened that con- tractors who were employing men in bull ding,rail way con- struction, or in some other work in the city of Winnipeg, or neighborhood, have agreed in advance to take as many of the newcomers as might choose to go to work with them. At Brandon, Moosomin, and other stations further west, farmers often come in from long distances to meet parties of immigrants, in the hope of finding among them one or more able assistant, to whom they offer a temporary home, an opportunity to learn farming, and wages from .fo.OO per month upwards, according to qualifications, from the very start. Experienced farm hands receive as high as i$35.00 per month. Women and girls who are accustomed to housework, and of a willing mind, are 28 > F < ^Iwa/js in great ('j)nand iu Wiuuipeg and other towns, and can earn ^8.00 to $20.00 per month and board. There is no reason, therefore, why honest, industrious and capable men or women should not be able to find steady employ- ment within a very few days after their arrival. V CCST OF PROVISIONS. ' Bacon, per lb- ■ . . . .■ 15rciid, per lnal' Butter, per lb • . . Beef, per lb Mutton, per lb Cheese, per lb Coffee, per lb. Flour, per biirrel.- ■ • Milk, per quiirt Potatoes, li, bu.'shel-i. Sufrar, per lb. .. .. .. Tea. per lb Tobacco, per lb Mavitora. Winnipeg. d. (I (I (I 1 15 ^ 10 2 (J to s. d. 7i 6| 1 3 T', 9" (1 1 H 17 ''1 2 6' 4 2 f) li British Columbia, Victoria, s. d- s. d- 9 3* to 7i 3 " « 1 (» " 1 3 1 8 20 " 21 Per lb., Id. " to 9 lbs. for 43. 1 to 3 2 to 4 4 RENTS. Rent varies greatly ; roughly speaking, a wooden house with four or five rooms may be obtained in the towns for 24s. to 32s. a month. Single men can obtain board and lodging from 14s. per week in the East, 16s. in the North-West, and 20s. in British Columbia. For those who wish to live in idleness or expect to get rich in some uncertain way without work, the Northwest is no place. Mr. R. B, P. Anderson of Listowel, County Kerry, Ireland, one of the practical agricultural delegates to Canada, in his report, says : " If J am asked who ought to go to ]Manitoba and the Northwest, I un- hesitatingly say, any man who for any reason intends to emigrate to any place and is not afraid of hard work and some discomfort for a few years, and whose family can get on for a time without the aid of female ser- vants. Such a man will, if he lias pluck, succeed in time, though he went without a penny ; but if he has £100 or £200 in his pocket he may expect to enjoy a pros})erous and happy home in the immediatefuture." 24 In another place, this same gentleman mingles warning and encouragement in the following language : The rich soil that with a Httle lahor pours forth its abundance, is to be liad for nothini;. The climato is good for man, beast, and crops. Tliis, the appearance of all three puts beyond a question. The people are law-abiding and kind, the prices to be had for every thing at present are very good. Every part of the country being in direct communication with the home markets, the settler will have just cause to congratulate himself on having chosen it as his home, for, as well as bringing him greater profit, it will bring him close to — I had almost said within call of his friends in the old country — much closer than he would be in any other colony in the world." But while it is true that a man can go into the west with no money at all, and succeed by thrift and industry, as many and many a one has done before him, it is desir- able that he should have some capital to begin upon. It will save him valuable time. The question : " How much is necessary ? " is impossible of exact answer. It depends on circumstances. Hundreds have succeeded on none at all — others have failed on ten thousand dollars. Good or bad management is the secret. Some statement of what can be done upon a certain capital, say 500 dollars (=£100) or $1,000 (i;200), or 3,000 dollars {£600), may, nevertheless, be advantageous. This information has been given by many writers, in tables of various kinds and for various localities ; but all amount to about the same conclusion, namely ; That 500 dollars (i)100) will set a man down upon some western quarter-section, either a free homestead, or one chosen among the cheaper lands belonging to the Railway Company, and enable him to build a house and stay there until his farm becomes productive and self- supporting. "With this capital, however, the purchase of land is not usually advisable if a suitable free grant can be obtained. 25 f Let us quote some of the estimates, says Mr. George Broderick, in the report of the Tenant-Farmer's Dele- gates (1884) :— " Witli rejTJird to the capital required to make a start in farniinjr, it is generally considered that a man with a clear £100 when he gets there, can make a good start on the free-grant lands, and instances are not unknown where men have started without anything — they have taken up grants, built houses and cultivated a little to keep their claim, and have worked for wages in the meantime. But I should certainly advise any one to take all the capital he can lay hold of. the more the better, and if they wish to invest in farming, it can bo let on good land security at 8 or 10 per cent.. interest. A settler will find difliculties to contend with during the first two or three years. After that, and when he has got accustomed to the country and its ways, he may live as comfortably as he can anywhere. If he bo a man w ithont much capital and takes up free- grant land, no matter how good that land is, it is in the natural state, without house or fences, and as there is really no money actually scat- tered about on it, it stands to reason that he cannot get anything out of it without spending a considerable amount of labor. There is a house to build, but this at first is built of wood and is put up very quickly, espe- cially if he can get a native Canadian or two to help him, which they are always ready to do; they understand building wood houses, and if they have the wood got to the place they will erect a de(;ent house in a week. The first year he does not get much crop off his land, and he sj)ends it pricipally in breaking, that is ploughing the sod uj) two inches thick in the spring, and back-setting about four inches deep in the autumn, if ho is going in for plou'jhing. If he is going to raise cattle, he will be build- ing sheds, stacking hay, etc. But when he has been on his farm three years, got a neat house and cattle sheds, with good stock, or a lot of land under crop, he may live comfortably and will have to work no harder than here. His 160 acres of land that he got for a £2 fee, and his 160 acres pre-emption that he got for eight or ten shillings j)er acre, will, in all probability, be worth £1 or £1 10 per acre, and thus he will have made £320 or more, independent of his crops in three years. His land is his own absolutely ; he has no rent to pay and very .igbt taxes. A man with more capital, of course, can do greater things. All this depends upon the man himself. If he is not prepared to face a few hardships and a little isolation at first, he will never like the North-West; but perhaps he would never like anywhere. A requisite quality to fit a man for emigration to Canada, is the power of adaptability to circumstances. Everything is different to what it is at home, and there are many new things to learn. The best plan for an immigrant is to make the acquaintance of a few old farmers, who will teach him anything he requires." 26 A paptM* by Mr. James Riddlo, also a tenant-farmer dele- gate from England, designed for the guidance of persons intending to settle in the West, has the following to say in regard to beginning on a homestead : — " If tlio locution is entered ui)on in spring, the party ought either to board witli .souic neighbor, or, as is often done, tent out for the summer. This arrangement i-ansea no delay in preparing tlie prairie for tlie follow- in;? year's crops. The erection of house and other buildings can be left till the fall. As a rule, oxen are employed lor the first year or two, until oats are grown for the keep of horses. It does not require a large capital to commcMico farming comfortably on a free-grant claim, with the inten- tion of gradually reclaiming it; the following is the usual outlay : — Two yoke of oxen $260.00 One waggon 80.00 Two ploughs and harrows 58.00 Chains, axes, sliovels. Sec. 60.00 Stoves, beds, 00.00 of Canadian currency, would enable a farmer to begin on a 4 , «t ♦ moderate scalo of comfort. Tlio sum woulil_bo divided, porluii^, in some cases, us follows : One yoke of oxen, $120.00 ; one vva^Ton, .SSO.OO; plouiuli and linrrow, $25.00 ; chains, axes, shovels, etc., $:'.0.00 : stoves, IxHlsteads, etc., $(i0.00 ; house and stable, $150.00 ; provisions, $1:55.00 ; in all, fOOO.OO. The above prices are snhj(M't to variation for the reasons above stated. Of course a capital of €200 (or $1,000) would enable a farmer to start in better style, and with more comfort; but many have started with much less, and are now W(*ll off. For instance, the Ked liivor cart, which cf)st,s from fifteen to twenty dollars, and one ox, miirht do all the teaming; re(inired on a small farm to be^in with, and after tlu^ first " breakinjjr," one ox could do all the plou;:hin<: recjuired for a family. The German Monnonite settlers who came to Tanada from F'outhern Russia a few yean; atjo — or at any rate, the poorer families of them — started with very much les.s, and are today very prosperous, raisint feaaon.)* £. s. d. Registration Fee and Survey Charges 2 Sow 5 Cow and Calf 15 Sundry small Tools. Spadts Shovel, Fork, Hoe, Scythe, Ham- mer, c*tc 2 16 Stove 5 12 Seed— Potatoes— 12 bushels at 80 cents, $9.00 . " Oats— 6 bushels at 75 cents, $4.50 I 3 s " Barley— 4 bushels at 80 cents, $3.20 j Share of One Yolce of Oxen between two 20 Harness for " " " 18 " Breaking Plough between two 2 8 " Harrows between two 116 " Waggon between four .3 16 Provisions and Sundry Expenditure 11 16 £75 Note—* These figures are considerably higher than i)resent prices. 28 '' By the aid of this exi)en(lituro," to adopt Prof. Tanner's wonls, " and by tlio crops j,'ro\vn in tiio first soason, tlio crofters vvero able in Octol)er, 1883, to con^'ratuhito tbenisolves ujK)n bavin;,' a 12 months' sujjply of food in band, and thus witliin (^i^lit months from tho ]H.>riod of tlieir j^reat di(li(;ulty thoy attained a i)osition of comfort, and a completo, freedom from all anxious cure- They realized tho chancre in their jxisition, and gratitude reigned supremo in their minds. Mucli <»f the success of these crofters may be traced to the fact that in the labour of the family they possessed a further source of capital. The families very generally pos- sessed more bread-winners than tho father, and as the elder children were able to earn good wages in the district, thoy could c:ontributo to the general capital, and in this way, most useful additions were mailo to the farm stock. Wo must not overlook the fact that when the children are grown up, and are able to help on the farm and earn good wages, they re- present so much additional capital at command. The first year's crop of the pioneer (Tofters (many others have come since, so that there are now about 100 families around Benbacuila, with a chnrcli, schools, and general prosjierity) consisted of oats, barley and po- tatoes. Of oats, upon the first-broaking an average of 4L* bushels an aero was raised ; of barley, 37 bushels ; and of potatoes, 251 bushels. One of tliem, Rcxlerick Mclsaac, wrote home in July of 1884 : " I never did see in all Scotland, or in any other cotmtry I was in, any- thing like this country. This is tiie bonniest place under the sun. The I^eople who came here last year are well ofl'now, I am very glad, in this country. I like it very well, but one thing I am sorry for, that I did not get married before I come here, for, the women are vor\ scarce here." Many similar instances of satisfactory progress from small beginning might be quoted from the published re- ports of Prof. Tanner and other well known writers. One of the best of the personal narratives of successful men in Manitoba, was written three years ago by Mr. Peter Imrie, and this is his concluding paragraph : " Manitoba," as Baillie Nicol Jarvie would remark, is far away from " all the comforts o' the Saut Market." So any person to whom these are a necessity, had better delay coming to Manitoba for a few years at least. It is in many respects, a sort of agricultural para- dise, but for the present it is rather a dreary one. That dreariness, how- ever, is just the price which present emigrants have to pay for their estates, and I really cannot think them dear at the cost The feeling of loneliness must be worse in winter time ; and to combat it, I would almost venture to suggest that every man going out there should take a wife with him, and that two or three should go together, and build their huts 29 alonvfHiilo onnh otlior. It is jrriovoiis to see so miiny l>achelors ns tlioro aro in Manilol)ii, waHtiui; lialt'tlu^ir tin>« upon lions(»lioM work, and weary- ing? for want of socioly, wlit-n botli ovils iiii^ht liavo \nwn prf'voiit(«l l)y n litllo foretliouylit ami roura^n. No doubt ono cannot but bavo a feeling of un\villin;;ne88 to ask a woman to enter on a life of even temporary niUiilmuss; but after Homo little expeopIe, and know their hiisiness well, and the fact of their going to Manitoba in such numbers, speaks well for the country. Boissevain aud Deloraine are flourishing centres, and are the shipping and supplying points for Turtle Moun- tain, the vicinity of Whitewater and Pelican lakes, and the upper Souris valley. Both have good stores, imple- ment agencies, elevators, hotels, livery stables, and a rapidly increasing population. In September, 1887, a party of some 200 representative farmers from Eastern Canada, notable for their intelli- gence and wealth, went to Winnipeg, and thence scat- tered through the country on tours of inspection. About seventy went into Southern Manitoba, to Deloraine and back. They were accompanied by several officers of the Provincial Government. The citizens of the towns along the route, though given only a few hours' notice of their coming, arranged very creditable displays of produce at the stations, where the train stopped in each case long enough to let the excur- sionists examine the specimens. These were not " select- ed," but brought together in great haste, and represented very fairly what each locality was actually doing. At Morden, for example, one of the visitors, astonished at the size of the vegetables, jocosely expressed some doubt as to their genuineness, and turning to Mr. Maclaren, one of the exhibitors, asked him how much it had cost him to bring those potatoes from the Tennessee valley. Mr. Maclaren rei^lied, " nothing," inasmuch as he had got them from his own garden. The visitor then wanted to see the garden and satisfy himself, and was straightway shown thither. In a few minutes he returned, carrying a potato considerably larger than any on exhibit, and which he had dug with his own hands. At places reached after dark the people turned out with 39 -torches to welcome the party, and a very pretty .si<;ht it was. Several got on board the train at dilierent stations along the route, for the purpose of meeting old fi lends, and describing to them the agricultural resources, fertility and facilities for settlement offered by their respective districts. Mr. W. Stevenson, one of the largest threshers in southern Manitoba, was one of these visitors, and, on being asked the average yield per acre as shown in the threshing, said that in no case, so far, this season, had he threshed less than thirty-two bushels to the acre. He had threshed for Mr. Samuel Humphrey, at Miama, G70 bushels, being the yield of ten acres. This was the highest, although in several cases he had threshed fil'ty bushels off the acre. On the return of the party many of the principal mem- bers gave their opinion of what they had seen, in the fol- lowing brief way : — A. T. Barnet, Guelph, Ont. '' The country is certainly better than I anticipated ; and I find the farmers have made greater advancement than they could possibly have bushels of this brought him 54 cents per Ijushel. Another liad ],()00 bushels from 115 acres of oats; but tho general yield of wheat was from ;!0 to IJo bushels i)er acre. An estimate of tho prain for export from this vicinity jrives 2L'r),000 bushels of wheat and 42,000 bushels of oats and barley. With (iOO bushels per car, this makes 44"> cars of ^rain, or 20 traiidoads, allowinii 22 curs per train." In the immediate vicinity of Winnipeg there is little actual farmini^, except just along the banks of the Assini- boine and lied rivers, wh(»re, at Silver Heights, St. Boni- fiice, Kildonan, St. Andrews, Selkirk and more distant spots within the limits of the old Scotch and lied river settlements, farms were flourishing half a century ago, and the soil still yields good harvests ; but away from the river banks, south to La Salle, west as far as Reaburn and north to Stonewall, an unbroken meadow, of long grass, waves as level and green as a lawn. A remarkable instance of successful farming in this neighbourhood has just come to light. We will let '"he owners of the farm speak for themselves : WiNMi'FXi, December 21st, 1887. .1. H. McTAVISII, Esq., Land Commi.moiier, C.P.R., Winnipeg. Dear Siu, — It may be interesting to you to know tho result of our farming oi)erations during tho past season, upon land in tho vicinity of Winnipeg, which is so often reported to be valueless and non-productive as farming land. On tho 24th of May we purchased 480 acres of land near Rosser Station, within 15 miles of Winnipeg, in a district in which there has hitherto been very little or no cultivation. We paid $7,500.00 for the property, the buildings on it alone (erected by an English "gentleman farmer," whose funds gave out) being worth that amount, consequently tho land itself stands us nothing. The farm had not been cultivated, with the exception of 70 acres, for several years, and was consequently in a nearly wild state, having grown up to weeds, etc. a. cs o Id P3 4$ On tlio L'Ttli May last we comruentod plouv,'liin}?, lollowin^j up at cure with the 8oo(h'rH, KowiriK at a rate of 2^ bushels im- acre <>f wheat, und 3^ buMlKtlH jRtr acre of oatH. Of tlio 380 acres broken by us, the following' division of crops wns made : — 3tiiioreg Whoat, 2i'5 :: ::::;::::::::;::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::SKr' In additi(»'i to the above, our vegetables were put in a piece of laud containing ',V^ acres, which liad l)een cultivated, the acreage for each variety being :-- It iicrei Ft)tiit(»e«, !•> " Turnips, 1 •' S HectB, M^abbiiKOS, C Onions, 1 " ^('arrolH. ( ItailiaiieH. Our returns upon the above acreage were as follows : — Wheat SKK) bush, sold in WinnipcK. at 57c. per bush. $51300 (Graded No. I hard) Barley I'.IOO " 4()c. " 700.00 (Sold to Brewery for malting) Oati 12750 " 55c. " SIHT.W Potatoes 3000 " 25c. " 750.00 Beets 50 " 50c. '" 25 (K) Onions 50 " 1.2.') " 82.50 Carrots 50 " 5i)c. " 25. (X) Radishes 50 " 40c. " 20 (lO Turnips 6000 " 12ci. " 750.00 (Retained for our own use) Cabbages 1600 head Iks. each 48.00 (Retained for our own use) Hay 300 tons 400perton 1200.00 (Cut alontrside farm) $7341.00 We would particularly call your attention to the very late date upon which we began our work, our harvest having been done during the first week in August, a little over two months after seeding. Yours truly, (Signed,) EGAN BROS., Per Edward Egan, Corner Graham and Garry Streets, Winnipeg. P.S. — You are doubtless aware that this is our iirst attempt at farming, our business being railway contracting, and, considering this fact, 1 feel that we have done remarkably well, as, barring our own work (we did not hire any labour), we realized enough from one crop to pa> the original price of the land, and have now the valuable property to the good, and our success this year has decided us to adopt farming in Manitoba as our future calling. Tell this, if you like, to the suffering farmers of Ontario, and if your story is doubled refer them to me and my brothers. E.E. I 44 THE CENTRAL PRAIRIE REGION. The central prairie region, or " second steppe," extends from Carberry, on the Canadian Pacific, westward to Moose-jaw, a distance of nearly 300 miles, and includes the most thickly settled part of the prairie regio^^ The principal towns along the main line of the railway are Carberry, Brandon, Virden, Elkhorn, Moosomin, Broad- view, Qu'Appelle, Regina and Moose-jaw. The last four of these lie upon streams tributary to the Qu'Appelle river, which runs parallel with the railway a few miles northward. In general it may be said, that this region has a lighter soil than that of the Red River valley and Southern Mani- toba. It is less sticky, not so black, as a rule, dryer, but none the less fertile. The rainfall is nowhere insufficient for f ' ■ There are some tracts of sandhills and coarse gravel, dul these are utilized for grazing, and form but a small per centage out of the vast area of suitable surface. Except in the region surrounding Regina, there is every- where an abundance of timber both for building purposes and for fuel. Carberry is a village of some 400 people and forms the market town and shipping point for the great level tract known as the Beautiful Plains, which is almost entirely under cultivation. Brandon is the next in size to Winnipeg, and numbers between three and four thousand people. It is growing rapidly, and is one of the pleasantest of western towns. An idea of its trp.de may be gained from the fact that, in the spring of 188*7, no less than eighty self-binding harvesters, machines which cost from $200 to $250 apiece, were sent out from its implement agencies in a single day. The trade of Brandon extends to a great distance southward, in which direction is the largest part of the population, and where, after the Brandon Hills have been crossed, is I 4o found as good soil as anywhere in the Assiuiboine or Souris vaHeys. Five hundred acres in a sinj^le field of wheat is not an uncommon sight in this neighborhood. The Assiniboine is here crossed by bridges which carry stage roads, and a railw^ay, the North-west Central, now under construction northward to Rapid City, on the Lit- tle Saskatchewan river. Professor Macoun has the fol- lowing to say in regard to the Little Saskatchewan : — " All the district drained by this stream is generally fertile, but much broken l)y ponds and hay marshes. These, liowever, can be drained in most cases, and lands now rejected from this cause will be songht for in the future. Ponds and lakes are numerous. Wild fowl in great numbers visit them every spring and fall, and the river itself abounds in fish." Rapid City is a thriving milling town, with w^ater-power, and is the terminus of a branch railway following the river from Minnedosa. Between there and Minnedosa are some excellent farms and ranges. Minnedosa has 1,000 population, is one of the most enterprising and comfort- able tow^ns in Manitoba. Between it and Portage la Prairie, along the line of the Manitoba and North-western road, is a succession of villages occupying a beautiful high- lying and more or less bushy plain, the principal of which are Neepawa, Arden, Gladstone and Macdonald. These are in the valley of the White-mud River, which drains into Lake Manitoba. "Westward of Minnedosa, this railway crosses an exten- sive tract of very excellent land lying between the Little Saskatchewan and Birdtail rivers, in the midst of which is a chain of beautiful lakes. The best known of these is Shoal Lake, which is surrounded by an undulating country thickly dotted with blutfs of poplar and occasional marshes, affording abundance of both fuel and hay for the settler. This region is well settled and produces much stock, as well as wheat. Birtle, on Birdtail Creek, a "J 46 flourishing town, forms the market for this region, and for an extensive tract of country along the Shell River north- ward. The place of next importance west of Brandon, on the Canadian Pacific Railway, is Moosomin, which is close to the western boundary of Manitoba ; but Elkhorn, Virden, Wapella and Broadview, are all railway stations and market centres, approaching it in consequence. In the neighborhood of Virden, particularly, will be seen some of the richest farms and best houses anywhere in the Prairie region. The principal settlements supporting this country are in the valley of Pipestone Creek, southward. This is an exceedingly fertile country, dotted with small lakes, and provided with an abundance of grass and timber thickets. The soil is of a most excellent character, and houses are within sight of one another in all directions. It is probable that no region of the prairie offers greater inducements at the present time to agricultural immigrants than that tri- butary to the villages between Brandon and Broadview. The Canada Northwest Land Company owns an exten- sive tract of land here, which it is offering upon very advantageous terms. The best Grovernment land is pretty well taken np, within a reasonable distance of the railway, but lands owned by the Canadian Pacific can be bought at from $2.50 to $6 an acre. Well improved farms are hardly in the market, but usually bring about $12 an acre. These will have from 30 to 60 acres under crop, with dwellings and stables sufficient for ordinary pur- poses. The valley of the Pipestone bears a great resemblance to that of the upper Souris, already described, and is largely occupied by Scotch and English people, who have churches and schools, and among whom are scattered many families of large means. Moosomin is the station 47 for these, and Moose Mountain, sixty miles southward, at the foot of which lie English settlements numbering several hundred people, who have deA'^oted themselves successfully not only to farming, but to the raising of cattle. They have postal facilities, stores, mills for grind- ing flour and sawing lumber, and form the nucleus of what will quickly develop into a populous and wealthy district. The south-w ?stern branch of the Canadian Pacific is pointing in that direction, and wathin two or three years, probably, this fine country will become directly accessible by rail, and will undergo rapid devel- opment. Much Grovernment laud is still free for home- steading in that neighborhood, and other lands can be purchased at very cheap rates. The soil is unusually fertile, and the character of the country makes cattle- raising and mixed farming peculiarly advantageous there. At Indian Head, some distance beyond Moosomin, is the great Bell farm, concerning which so mach has been w^ritten. This farm harvested enormous crops last year, the average of whic^, in both quality and yield per acre, was quite as high as that anyw^here in the whole region, while the cost of production w^as somewhat less. The next station beyond Indian Head, is Qu'Appelle. This place is p.iculiarly pleasant, on account of the great number of trees standing in the village and diversifying the surrounding landscape. The village is provided with excellent churches, schools, shops and factories. This is the station for stages to Fort Qu'Appelle, eighteen miles northw'ard, where, around the old Hudson's Bay post, on the banks of the Fishing lakes, has grown up a village of some 500 people, the centre of a great stock-raising and farming district. The banks of the QuAppelle are peculiarly adapted to sheep pasturage and cattle-ranching, and the country northward and west- w^ard is an exceedingly fertile one, where settlement is progressing rapidly. • c, d ffi v^ o » ti- [-( 1 < W' h' *\ ^ i> K lb s ^ ss 49 Around Regina and Mooso-jaw there is much less tree growth than on the prairies eastward. The soil, however, is marvellously rich, and is especially adapted to the rais- ing of wheat, of which an enormous quantity has been produced the present year. Beyond Moose-jaw, except in the neighbourhood of Calgary, agriculture has not been tried to any great extent ; but the experimental farms of the Canadian Pacific, situated at intervals of 20 to 50 miles between Moose-jaw and Calgary, have produced most excellent crops of all kinds of grain and vegetables, without irrigation or any other different methods than those an ordinary settler would use. A full account of the planting and results of these farms has been publisied in a pamphlet, which is issued by the Land Department of the Company, atid can be had upon application to Mr. L. A. Hamilton, Land Commissioner, at Winnipeg, or Mr. Archer Baker, G-eneral European Agent of the Company, 17 James St., Liverpool. \\ I MIXED FARMING AND STOCK-RAISING. In addition to wheat, which is the standard and most largely cultivated grain, (Manitoba red Fyfe wheat brings a higher price in Liverpool than that of any other place on the globe) the soil of the Northwest yields bountifully of barley, oats, rye, millet, timothy-grass, lucerne, peas, flax, hops, every sort of root-crop, and all kinds of garden produce ; while the women and children are de- lighted to find themselves able to cultivate flowers to any extent. Mushrooms are plentiful and often of gigantic size. Barley and rye give a magnificent yield — often forty bushels to the acre. Oats are very generally culti- 4 60 vated, and often form the first planting of the new settler. They incline to shorter straw and heavier heads than in the east, and produce fifty to seventy bushels. Millet and similar small grains grow excellently ; as, also, do the fodder-plants, though these have been little cultivated, because there has been little need to supplement the natural hay-grasses. Hempen plants are indigenous all over the plains, so that it is not surprising to find that flax does exceedingly well in the Northwest, requiring ninety days to mature. The people living in northern Idaho, who are under very similar conditions, have long cultivated this plant, chiefly on account of the seed. In Manitoba the Mennonites planted it with their first crops, and now cultivate it to a large extent, both for fibre and seed ; for the latter there is always a good home market, linsced-oil mills having been built in Winnipeg. Else- where, flax and hemp are grown, in scattered quantities, the total area of which is steadily widening. Wild hops, pronounced by brewers to be of excellent quality, attain a luxuriant growth in many localities, the soil and climate of Manitoba, in particular, seeming peculiarly well fitted to them. Cultivated vines of this wild stock give as fine large hops as the vines of Kent, and their regular cultivation will prove highly profitable. Wild peas, in some parts of the West, are plentiful and luxuriant ; and crops of peas and beans have been found excellent wherever sown. In respect to root-crops, it probably is not too much to say that no part of the world produces potatoes, turnips^ onions and every kind of garden vegetables belonging to the cooler half of the temperate zone, with so great a luxuriance, and of so fine a quality, as the Canadian West. The Department of Agriculture has published a state- ment respecting the suitability of Manitoba'as aTplace for 51 In settlement, based upon the answers of 153 farmers, whose names and addresses are given, and to whom reference may at any time be made. A copy of this statement in pamphlet form, entitled "What Farmers Say," will be fur- nished post free by any of the agents of the Canadian Government on application by letter. These farmers tes- tify, among other things, to the amazing yield of root- crops, ninety-two of them reporting an average crop of 318 bushels of potatoes to the acre. W. H. Swain, of Morris, has produced 800 to 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre, and sixty bushel of beans have also been raised by him per acre ; S. C Higginson, of Oakland, has produced cabbages weighing 17J lbs. each ; Allan Bell, of Portage la Prairie, has had cabbages 45 inches around, and turnips weighing 25 lbs. each ; Thos. B. Patterson has realized forty tons of turnips to the acre, some of them weighing as much as 20 lbs. each ; Robt. E. Mitchell, of Cook's Creek, raised a squash of six weeks' growth, measuring 5 feet 6 inches around the centre ; Wm. Moss, of High Bluff, has pro- duced carrots weighing 11 pounds each, and turnips measuring 36 inches in circumference ; James Airth, of Stonewall, states that the common w^eight of turnips is twelve pounds each, and some of them have gone as high as thirtj'^-two and a half pounds ; Isaac Casson, of Grreen Ridge, has raised 270 bushels of onions to the acre ; John Geddes, of Kildonan states that he has raised 300 bushels of carrots and 800 bushels of turnips per acre ; John Kelly, of Morris, has produced from 800 to 1,000 bushels of tur- nips to the acre; Joshua Appleyard, of Stonewall, also states his crop of turnips to have been 1,000 bushels per acre, the common weight being 12 lbs. each ; Ed. Scott, of Portage la Prairie' raised 400 bushels of turnips from half an acre of land . "W. H. J. Swain, of Morris, had citrons weighing 18 lbs. each ; Francis Ogletree, of Portage la Prairie, produced onions measuring 4| inches through the I 52 P centre ; A. V. Beckstead, of Emerson, gives his experience as follows ; mangel-wurzel weighing 27 lbs. each, beets weighing 23 lbs. each, cabbages weighing 49 lbs. each, onions each 1| lbs. in weight ; W. B. Hall, of Headingly, has raised carrots 3 inches in diameter, beets weighing 20 lbs. each, and gives the weight of his turnips generally at 12 lbs. each; Philip McKay, of Portage la Prairie, took 200 bushels of turnips from one quarter of an acre of land, some of them weighing 25 lbs. each ; he has produced carrots 4 inches in diameter and 14 inches long, has had cabbages measuring 26 inches in diameter, solid head, and four feet with the leaves on ; his onions have measured 16 inches in circumference, and cauliflower heads, 19 in. in diameter. James Lawrie and Bro., of Morris, have pro- duced turnips 30 inches in circumference, onions 14 inches, and melons 30 inches ; they had one squash which measured about the same size as an ordinary flour barrel. James Owens, of Pointe du Ch^ne, had turnips 30 lbs. each, onions, 14 inches around, and cucumbers 18 inches loiig ; Neil Henderson, of Cook's Creek, has raised 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre, carrots 5 inches in diameter and 18 inches long, while his onions have frequently measured 5 inches through ; James Bedford, of Emerson, has raised 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre. It must be remembered, moreover, that none of the farmers men- tioned above used any special cultivation to produce the results described, and that the experience further w^est proves that everywhere, even in the comparatively dry region of Swift Current and Medicine Hat, and among the elevations of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, garden products of the same kind flourish. Even the less hardy kinds succeed well. You will see tomatoes growing out of doors and ripening well all over the prairies. The Indian Mission at Qu'Appelle grows them as well as they do at Winnipeg or Emerson Aspa- 58 ^ly, ragus, tobacco, (but thus far Jtho quality is poor) maize, melons of all kinds, and everything ordinarily in a garden, can be seen wherever a careful attempt has been made to make these more tender plants grow. "Wild fruits attain to great perfection in Manitoba and Assiniboia. Wild plums, raspberries, cherries, cranber- ries, and other berries abound, and are of luscious quality. Apiculture is successfully carried on in the Northwest, of course, as bees require just such a clear, dry atmosphere and wealth of flowers as they find on the prairies. The honey secreted solidifies and becomes ready for sealing sooner than in a warm, moist climate, and is consequently sweeter. Bee culture will always take an important place among the home industries of the West. It has been said that the natural food products of the Canadian North West include twenty-one indigenous plants, thirty-two species of animals, eighteen fish and eighty-nine birds. In connection with the farm, the raising of cattle, horses, swine and poultry can be carried on most advan- tageously, as all the land not under cultivation is pasture, and there are few quarter-sections unsupplied with good drinking-water. Pairs of working oxen weighing 3,500 pounds or more can be seen almost anywhere. The com- plete absence of any diseases is a point which should not be forgotten ; and every care is taken by the local govern- ments to prevent its introduction and to encourage live- stock breeding generally. Dairy Farming. One special resource w^hich deserves every farmer's attention, is dairying. For milk, there is at present less demand than will come later, when the towns have grown into cities ; but butter and cheese can be made for export w^ith great profit. Cheese factories have been estab- lished at several points and are doing very well. The butter of Manitoba is famous for its excellence, and is \i 54 sent not only to all parts of th« prairie region, but shipped east in large quantities, and even to Japan. At the Do- minion Exhibition of 188V, in Toronto, the butter of Mani- toba took the first prize, in competition with all Canada, greatly to the surprise and chagrin of some of the profes- sional dairy., an of Ontario. Items like the following, clipp(!d from the Call newspaper of Winnipeg (October 2*7, 188V) are everyday occurrences, and show what butter- making amounts to there : — " James Kelly, of Arnaud, Man., sold 2,149 pounds of butter to the Hudson's Bay Company which they pronounced to be the best butter bought by them this season, and for which he got the higliest price in the market. He has been in Manitoba twelve years, and commenced farming here in 1880 with only one yoke of cattle, one log chain, a plow and $1 capita). He has now twenty- Lwo milch cows, and has in all eighty-three head of stock, and harf no debts and no incumbrances on his property. He advises all his countrymen to come and farm in Manitoba." Testimony of Actual Settlers. We cannot do better than close this pamphlet with a few of the many letters just received from actual settlers. Is there any other known country where such results can be obtained ? " Kbmnay, January 16th, 1888. " I take great pleasure in giving a correct statement of all the crop I had on my farm, which is situated on the main line of the Canadian Pa- cific Railway, seven miles west of the city of Brandon. I had 145 icres of wheat, from which the total yield the past season was 6,840 bu,?hels. One piece of 45 acres of summer fallow gave 2,340 bushels, being an average of 62 bushels per acre, and 100 acres averaged 45 bushels per acre. I had also 45 acres of oats, which yielded 3,150 '..'ishels, an average of 70 bushels per acre. Off 6 acres of barley I had 387 bushels. 1 planted about f of an acre potatoes and had 225 bushels good dry mealy potatoes. The yield of rooty and garden vegeta- bles was large and of good quality. In conclusion, I would say that pre- vious to coming to Ontario, Canada, I farmed in one of the best agricul- tural districts of Germany, and after coming to Canada I farmed twelve years in the county of Waterloo, Ont. I removed to Manitoba in March 1884, that summer I broke 190 acres, off which I reaped in 1886 a fine 56 crop of wheat fully as good as this year. My two sons havo farms joining mine and their crops yioldod 0(iually us lar^re as miiio. " I must say that farmin>? has paid me bettor in this province than in Ontario or the Fatherland. " (Sijrnod), CnRisTAN Senkreil." " From J. R. Neff, Moosomin District, N. W. T. " Range 30 and 31, Township 14, 4 miles from Station. Came to coun- try 1883, and settled in present location. Amount of capital $12,000. Acreage now owned 4,000. Under crop in 1887, <)00 acres, present capital $40,000. Yield per acre 1887. .30 bushels average. Live stock, 14 horses. " I am pleased to give my experience since I came to this country. My success has been far beyond my expectations. I am fully convinced for extensive farming, wholly grain, or mixed farming, it cannot bo sur- passed. " I think Moosomin district is equalled by few and surpassed by no other point in Manitoba or the North West Territories. " Moosomin is a first class grain market and is growir';, rapidly in im- portance." " W. Govenlock— S. 27, T. 11, R. 23, near Griswold. Had 60 bushels of wheat per acre on 5 acres, and 37 bushels per acre on 250 acres. " Samuel Hanna— S. 7, T. 10, R. 22, near Griswold. Had an average of 40 bushels of wheat per acre on 250 acres. " John Young— S. 1, T. 10, R. 23. Had 75 bushels of wheat from one acre. "Alex. Johnston— Near Elkhorn. Had an average of 41 bushels wheat per acre on 14 acres. " Geo. Freeman— Near Elkhorn. Had an average of 37^ bushels of wheat per acre on 50 acres. " Thos. Wood— 10 miles north of Virden. Had an average of 63 bushels of wheat on 5 acres. (315 bushels of wheat from 5 acres.) " Rich. Tapp— South of Virden. Had an average of 51 bushels of wheat per acre on 20 acres. " Thos. Bobier— Half mile north of Moosomin. Had forty acres of wheat, averaging 38 bushels to acre. " J. R. NeflF— Three miles north of Moosomin. Had 115 acres of wheat, averaging 37 bushels per acre. " G. T. Cheasley— Four miles north-east from Alevander. Had an average of 45 bushels per acre on 100 acres of wheat " A. Nichol— Four miles north-east of Alexander. Had 150 acres wheat, averaging 40 bushels per acre. " H. Touchbourne— Four miles north-west of Alexander. Had an averag^e of 40 bushels per acre on lOQ acres of wheat. p 66 Had 80 acres wheat with an " W. Watt— Soiith-woat of Aloxander. average of 40 bushels per acre. " Robt. Ko^ers— Noar Elk horn. Had 10 acres of wheat averaging 45 bushels per acre." Note.— Maps showing the throujrh lino of the Canadian Pacific Rail- way, and the railways in Manitoba and the North-West Territories, accompany this pamphlet; aiid the l.and Regulations of the Government and of the Company will bo found on the covers. A pamphlet containing a very interesting compilation from letters from actual settlers entitled " A record of the Harvest of 1887," is now ready, and will be forwarded to any address on application to Mr. Lucius Tuttle, Passenger Traflic Manager, Montreal; ISIr. L. A. Hamilton, Land Commissioner, Winnipeg or any of the Company's Agents in the Dominion. Montreal, Marc^h, 1888. ■4 \ p I" i inlr't tteairaaiin^ \ *^ Manitoba and the Northwest Territories of Cs SHOWING THE LINES AND LAND GRANT OFTHE Canadian PaGlfic Railway. The COMPANY'S LANDS IN PART CONSIST OF THE ODD-NUMBERED SECTIONS IN THE BELT COLOREC THE REMAINING SECTIONS BEING GOVERNMENT HOMESTEAD LANDS I II I — I — — T^ 16 l38l li4 n c^iz ;li '/TO 9 « 6 ^ ^ ,3^ ,331 130) laoj 551 ,gr.Dii-.AJ r^«.V J>>v= AwmmsmM' ^r^^ r 1 1 :m!Km mnisF/// m SOUTHERN MANITOBA-THE GARDEN OF THE PROVINCE-The >VINCE-The lands along the Line of the Manitoba and Southwestern R'y, leai y, leased by the Canadian Pacific^ and comprised within the uncolored belt ir 104 108 102 101 colored belt in Southern Manitoba are now open for sale. For particulars of price, I '':*/hn,i;X^ \ ■■£' oddb in I M o^lossbuin i^ I yW^I Ca\ssdaie' ] Z a v^f )r^wold° LoBeula SHOAL l-Ake !humab; o Marney Hamilton firro|w KiVer I opemrith ^: 25 Midiuipore 24 2a 22 21 20 ^aduroya Adiircis? fcr _. ,. o .! Ti r>(; X ^^1^ r%?^. 18 -oOrung«;-^idg 17 'Richirroirfe Bla 16 ceo 31 jline-L Rapid C\Uf^[.^ ilfr ^ — ^^ .<^» Mars of price, Ac. of all ♦i,^^. >»v.., oTaii the Company's Lo»*. — i I Pany s Lane.. , ^^^ly ,^ JOHN H. McT^ f57 Wnken. HdoU r Treem ^^j. 1^^^^^ MJ frFordr^lg fii^^ P m Bxan l^'l^uoi BPBun»« 5C 4i 97 to JOHN H. McTAVI8H,Land Commissioner, Winnipeg. I ' -I 1 FRLE GRANTS, PRE-EMPTIONS, &.c. //.''it l(, obtain them in the Canadian Nnrth-Wcst. I I! DOMINION LANDS REGULATIONS. I (ilirt.'"' t)iiiiini"i I.jii.iis HrKiiliitii.n?. !ill Siirvcvfi! fvpTi-r uir lier<.'il!»f<'ti"nt',i'X('i..itl' \\ f'i 'l<'rrt'T!i>.«. which luivc m; Imi i . n <■ t« ,i.. ,. rv-i r\r.! t. rr-viup wnni |ot« lor ccf tler>, 'ir lorw wf it I'Ii.-imI i.f If rcxTvc'l, an- It, ho h»-lil «•*■.'.•; • i> i. r i ••.,i rir\iiJ hhd | ri'-eiiii tii-ti?. liOME,STFADS,— II .uir-t<-atlH ni:i\ !,.• i.i- ■/ i 1 l .1 , u,':<,<'' iir. 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'i'' l'ri'-t'iu)iti"i. r --' ' r .•■•;i'-a l'..^iiii'-i« i h-r; w'l ■ i hiii'-n rnfrv hir n rn- ptiii 'i' "i, t" i-'ir''h.i.''<' 'lii>:iiil" •'ii-.l'tf'l i-r; t f.'i'iiiii .! ri: . 1 .1 I" lii, hi.|i.«-.-l" ' I inilr, . I li --i,"Ul'i ll.i' h-'iui'.-iU- tJ'-r l.nl <<> I liilil thu Ij luii'M'.i 1 ' '!K-, he I ■'■I ■ 1- ;i!i ■! mil I.' Ill-- I'T" I M.i'l "11. ) he l-ri ' I r>'-i-!ii|-; i"',- tii,M!,i'lii,h i 'u l-wr -, -' ['.'■■crvc". i-* tw ■li.ilar'' .i' 'i fii'i y oeti'.s ;iii .'iiTC. WKt'Tc I . Tih ' ! 'I'l- ii'ir! Iii-rly li:tii| "t th<- hit '1 ui-.-i; ' . v t! !■ iiiiiii! l.ti' ■! tri« C i', I'lri'i 1' i>';!.h.! HiiUwiiy , ;inil i« h'l, •".'■. ''iir!!!.!' ; iiiiv l'riir.(.'h I'J l.'int U.i..»>,i;., "T t^^'oivo u..lo.^ of iiiij '-'-her Kailwuy , i ro-Ptni'ti.'ii- i<" I.' Ill" I I > 1 .1 if- 1 . r .'ii-ri'. I'lyu.' .. '. 1 I I 111. iv ln> i' I'ii-i', -iTi, "r I'.i:.('!' ■ r Mi.it. iry l;.ni:ity w.irr lilt--. [MHKU - il' 't'cati'!, ! ai'iMiT^-, vihi'.-^o Im il i.-^ ili .-i iiuli' ni 'unhiT. Uiiiy, ui iin iiiyaiont lif .ir_''Oi''i' fee i.f !iM v - .r.- r.|,i;i,. (';. « M 'I I! hvi A?'"' ! i. ! 'Tia.l !" I'uM hf ! I'i l-iwinK 'lUUi.tiUf.- " . liuilierlVoe nl iui'". * I -.. .' .j : .'^l|(l ii'iciil ii'i-l ._,-■ h \l-o ;.'»", L'.Kiy IrU'-i; r;iil.' hmI t'«' rii'it till*. .,,..,«. whcrf: 'lipro i> Ctiiheri-ii |:iti,! i-i the yiru.ity, Hviiilahio for tho (lurpi'i'e. the hiiiiiP'--lr, whi-i' :' h.iU t unlit r, Uiiiy I'unhase :i viiod l-'t, not cxcecdinj; injirea 2iiacrc>,u[ th« criof i.l five diilhir:" I'C! ...•.'Tisp. t" .'i)* tituhpr "•. ifini].- within .«iirvcyOiJ tuwtisli'p.s may bo ihtiiine'l. Xhii fund.'' covcre I hy gxic], ' . - ri'i' thcri'li} wKiilt.-iwii h-i'iii h'iinf.-te.'i'l .mil |iri!-ciij; liuii entry, situi frmu fiih'. 'NFOIVM.'VnON. — I uil inii.riimiiiT. rcfpectiriK the land, timber, ci'dl I'tnl iiii'-.(!r;il liiwc and C'piei' "f 'h" '•■I--. niRy lie "litHiiied ui'iiti niii'liriitii.n »(' Tin --.rKKTUiV i-K thi: Ili'i'\!;TMKs-i' mf thk I.s-tkmdk. ' ittan i r ' ; I'liK C'l Mii:.''.«iiiNKii ii Itnvv'. v L.v.M'.-^. U I'.u i'l's, .Miitiitoha ; «t <■> ai,y "1 the linuniiinti Lund .-\cp')t- m I .Ivi 1 ''he N ria-W t;.-:! Ti'rrit - i" A. M. l!rK>. Keii. Mitii>ter : [ti-eri'.!.