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Those too large to be entirely included m one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmte d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul c!!ch6, il est filmi 4 partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en has, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ! Co Tlie Btates to bo 1 contro opposi differe and ai of one ture o appre Btate tial I when con rom bad, once hard From the NEW YORK INDEPENDENT. THE Conflict in Canada, IMAN. By ERASTUS ^ Tlie struggle iii Canada for Reciprocity with the United States is contusing*. .\ general Parliamentary election is to be held within three weeks, and both Tf>ries, who now control the Goverinnent, and the Liberals, who are now in opposition, are advocating Reciprocity. But there is a wide difference in the kind of Reciprocity that each advocates; and as the consecpiences that will flow from the victory bf one or other of these parties will greatly affect the fu- ture of these [Jnited States, it is most important to clearly api)rehend the points in the impending struggle. First, then, the Tory pur ty appear to webwi partial lie^oS- j)rocity. 'Hiey apijear to want that boon from the United Btates at this moment, but their sincerity, even for par- tial Reciprocity, may well be doubted.^ For instance, when the present policy of high x>rotection was adopted — commonly known as the National Poli(iy— the fact was promulgated that as Reciprocity in Trade could not be had, the party would have Reciprocity in Tariffs. But once having iaunched into fhe tariff sea itio extremely hard to get ashore ^^Luterests^ of vital character are m created by this twist in the ttixatioii of thing's; produc- tion is encouraged and stimulated, and a reversal ot policy uieans rniii to the ])arty iu i)ower. This is espe eially so, if ihe party in power depends upon a corruption fund derived from the interests thus created and stimu lated, for a practical partnersliip is made between the in dividuals who protit by taxation, and the Government thai imposes it, of both of whom the peo])le are the victims. 8uch is the conditiroduce, which shoukl be admitted into ('anada fr(M% wlienever the United States declared thetu aJso free. Well, one of these articles was the blessed article of fruit. Phe Uiuted States did make fresh fruit free, and Canada, under the statutory offer, was compelled most reluctantly M) follow suit. For a time under this freedom there was :i perfect exchange of this gift of God, in which there is iKi visible wsign of pauper labor. The magnificent apples «>r Ontario and Nova Scotia came ' iu freely to cool the [)arched throats of thci artisans of New York and New K n gland ; while equally, the early strawberries of the Houth, tl I e oranges and bananas of Florida, found a 1 eudy market, and were in gnnvt demand in (Janaossibility. True. su(5h an arrang'ement existed from 1855 to 1800, but it was repealed because it was unfair to the Iliuted States. If it was unfair in 1800, when nianutactures were in their intancy, as c()mj)ai'ed Avitli what they now are, how impossible would it be to rc^new such a treaty at the present moment, when the country has become the greatest manufacturing nation in the world. The need of a market for these manufactures is the basis of the demand for Reciprocity. Shut out the manufactures from th^ market l^roposed to be opentid, and the demand for Reciprocit} ceases completely and utterly. An exciiange of natura^ inoducts without let or hindrance would no doubt bf a good thing : but it would be unjust to the manufac^turers and to the farmings in the Unitetl States. The articles of natural products which Canada sends to this side are numerous, such as small fruits, vegetables, egi!:^j i)Oultry, lambs, calves, potatoes, barley, oats, hay, horses, cattle, &c. Not one of these articles would go back in exchange, aud if manufactured goods of ilie United States could not be sent ill *p ay men t for them, money would have to be sent, and wliere money is sent there is no Recii)rocity. True, coal, cotton, some Hour, and some pork, woi d go back into Canada, but these would have no comx)arison with the coal that 'New England and the Pacific States would take from Nova Scotia on the iVtlaiiMc, and Irora British ('olumbii?* on the Pacific, tV)r ('aiiada is tlie only (Mnintry that possesses coal on both oceans. Nor would those artichis from the United States be at all comparable witli the lumber, and especially with free ores that Canada w ould soon exj>ort to this fre(^ market in enormous quau- tities, for she is the richest mineral country in the world. There would, therefore, bj^ no fairness hi the proposal lor part Reciprocity, or Ke(^ii)rocity in natural, or even (Mnimerated products, as i)roposed by the Tory party. There is not the sliglitest disposition anywhere in the United States to encourage this kind of jug-handled Reciprocity. Indeed, there is such a singular and universal unanimity in this respect, that one feels like apologizing" for discussing it at this length, excei)t that the hopelessness of it shows the utter insincerity of the Tory party in proposing it. They are using the proposal to confuse the Canadian farmer, stealing the thunder of the Liberal party, and thereby hoping to win their re- election on false pretences. The struggle has been sprung upon the (Canadian people suddenly, Avith only a brief period in whi(^h to decide, and this attenjpt to confuse and defraud the liiberats of their project is worthy of tlie tactics that the Tory party usually employ to carry their point. A few weeks will show whether a trick so disre- putable will succeed or not. If it dtKjs succeed, it will be at terrible cost. For no favorable residt in the shape of Reciprocity will follbw; there will be grie^us disappoint- ment on the part of the Canadian flirmer^vho, instead of - having a free market on this side of the border, will cou- tiiuie to be confronted, for years t^ come, with th e severe exactions of the McKinley bill,, which measure aifeets Canaroposini;:f, it is proper to set forth tlie pro])osal of the Liberal party, viz., Unrestricted lieciprocity, Avhi<;h is iiotliini; if not sinccrey ilnrestricted Recii)rocity between he United States autl Canada wojild be practically the | same kind of Keciprocity that now exists between the States of the Union, and between the Provinces of the Doniiniou. Theje would be no taxation, no restriction, no let or hindrance to the freest and luUest exchange of everything eiwjji country produces, whether natural or manufactured.#iyrue, it is proposed to keep up the custom Miouses along the border, in order that smuggling from /outside should not.be permitted, and especially that / Canada should not be the back door by which foreign / goods could be brought into tlieX^nitedTStates free of duty. r But the tu rill:' of Canada must necessarily be as high ^i^ I that of this country, against the outside v^orld , for by the J free admission of American goods (even now with a heii^y duty, now half her imports), her revenues from (fustoms would be so reduced that as agains^ foreign^ goods the rates^must continue fully as high as those in j the tinited States. Indeed, the condition of equality of I tmff's mugt alwajis pri^va iL else there would be no safety " for the revenues'of eitheFcountry. • But aside from this taritt, as against the rest of the world, there will, under Unrestricted Eeciprocity, be to trade no impediment whatever on the whole continent of North America. Practically, the ci'.stoms line that now cuts the continent in two will be lifted up, and idaced I iiilit arouTnl the continent. The result will be that ccm- iiM'i'ce will be as free over the whole continent as it is now i (in either half of it, and that the benetieial iufluen<*es wliieh hav(^ flowed from tlie extension of the American system of protection over iialf the continent, will th)W l.om its extension over the whole of it; while the benciiita ithat have Howed fi'om perfect free trade between the j;reat commonwealths tiiat make uj) the Union, will flow [tVom a similar extension to proportions that will be eon- It inental in extent and continental in protit. What one event in all events possible to occur to the luited States could be so beneficial as this 1 It is difficult [to t'rnimerate any series of circumstances at all likely to |ljai)pen, and so easily to be brought about, as would re- [Hult from the obliteration of the barrier between the Eng- jli :h speaking i)eople who hold this continent in common. All enormous area would thereby be opened to develo])- inent, which is now mostly silent, and dormant and dead. I liis development in wheat-producinji; force, for instance, lias x)ossibilities far greater than those of' the United Uates. These areas can be filled by European immigra- [iori brought through the United States, who in turn would be customers consuming everything the United l^futes and (.'anada have to sell. '*A The wheat areas of the/ orthwest, beyond the Minnesota line, are one thous and niles squa i'eT'and are (capable of sus taiiUng a population ("lyirx glial to that of the United States itself. Here is the x^^ j Tcat future granary of the world, and here for, a ce ntury ^ to_conie, without exhaustion, without fertilization, will the future food supply of this cont inent be found. Would t not be jell that t o this vast _;^ovision of Providence ror^thejood- of mankind^ the United_ States sliould h ave Lu access, so that as it grows with a market affbrdedHby 8 tbo outlets of transnortation, by enterprise and occn |»aiiey, tl'.e same relative a(l\ ;inta; yes sh ould flow to tlu: maiini'aet^uririL'' i'onniiimitv of lIajs coirntrv. as V'e8tein ^noup of States.%^ ^^S(* also in the vast tiiih in ^ ' wealth of the A tl untie, and Undson^s I>a y^ and the l*a08 8ible from any other souree.4*'^ ~" Strange it is, that within the next few weeks the qiies tion will be decided whi<'h poli(\y sliall prevail, for the tiiue being. Whether the policy of isolation, of com mereial hostility to the United States, of slow develop ment, of poverty in Canada, and practical belligereiMtyl to the United States shall obtain, as illustrated by the! ♦Tory party, or whether, on the other hand, the policy of the Liberal party shall prevail, w hich means a com me reia l relation betw een the two conntri^ s. as intiiivate at^ it is possible to "lie— a policy that will include in its operation the settlement, at once, of every difi'erence be tween the two people — the freedom of the fisheries, an( all their possible i)rivileges, the regulation of the trans portation problem, the eipiality of Anie rican shiDiiiu Lg-an I 9 ( ,» iia(la'sj^rfuitj(Mni»lsjin(J^ i inn to all the in a ikets. p_f ihvj^ oitk JV ir every i iiticie of inaiiiii'a<'t;ii(> piodm (m1 in the United H tateg^ now, and for all time. 'T)f eourse7«oine Mill say that Aiiiiexation would be a [ix'tter plan to achieve these hi^h results, and perhaps it jwouhl be, but Annexation is Just now aa impossible in. jcanada as partial J{eeii>roeity is in the United States. Not in this j^^eneration by hostile tariff's, by pra<*tieal isolation, by sei)arate tiseal ])olieies, Avill a closer ])olitical union be 1>ron{4ht al)Out. Those who study the subject ;('I,)sest, those who have the best and nu)st numerous sources of inlbrmation, and kin)W most intimately the people of l)oth sides of the border, l»elieye that Annexa- tion is now neitluT desirable nor i)ossible. They further hclievc that to discuss it, to hope tor it, to ])lot or ])lan fur it, not only postpones it, but is a waste of tim(% a loss (){' op])ortunity, indetiidtely dc^ferring a relation betwecMi tlic two countries on the basis of an Tfurestricted lt<'ci- procity, of the hi^^hest advantage to both. The most signiticant circumstance in the struggle now imi»cndingin ('anada, is the desire to be free from liscal domination oirthe i)art of (Ireat Britain. The Tories set tin' example in their Nati(mal Policy, in discriminating against British goods, in favor of Canadian juanufactures, sjiutting out tlie fornjcr by a prohibitory taritt', and pro- tecting the latter by severe class legislation. The Lib- ir als now propose to push to its ex treme limit, thelUjerfy tlnis a<'lii eved by the lories, an d will agree, w Idle still <^^xTiTting a ritish mannfacturer, is easily seen throujih. The ])enalty of the i;eo,niai)hieal position of ('anada is that tiu» Lnited States niark^^t is the nearest andJii^iit market. To enjoy the advantajiires of ti..^.t nearest and Hest inarket, a market in return must be titforded. The ])ri<'e that the Canadian farnuT, tisherman, miner, lum berman, and shij)})er must pay to the United States foi the free admission into its mairiiifieout preserve, is that an (Mpially free admission must be afforded tor all nuiuu fa('turers, and all ])rot be e.msummated. After all, it is a eontliet between two classes of ller Majesty's subjects. It is not a eontliet of nations, or a (piestion of l(H'lay so iin]>(>rtuiit a part , , I he one hand, and on the otlior s<> n.nrli of personal ttnvsl, greater lievelopment, bioadetied opportunity, ,1 theVnture o-rowth of half a continent is so eoneerned. If prayers and anxicms tliou-lit*^ would aeeoniplish aiiy- Tlriu'S if uro-eney and importunity at the door of Con- ivss for some si-n of (^uuMira-ement would achieve any nsult; if the ixi^inl wishes of tlie vast mass of the Amer- iVan people wouhl help to decide the verdict, the Tory ou'ty Avould l)e releo-ated to the shades of opposition, and ,he "oreat Liberal party would stand forth as the sponsor M,r a'uew era in the history of this continent, ^' the last oest gift of Providence to mankind ". \ \FAV York, February, KSDl.