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 'C! 
 
'-l\ 
 
 EEMEMBEE ZION; 
 
 OR, 
 
 THE CAPTIVITY 
 
 AKD 
 
 PEESECUTION 
 
 OP THB 
 
 ^t0tc| C|ttrc| in Canaba. 
 
 BY THE REV. JOHN MOFFAT, 
 
 MINISTER OF THE NAXIONAl SCOTCH CHURCH, BAYFIELD, CANADA. 
 
 ' By the rivers of Babylon, there we eat dowa, yoa, we wept, when ws remembered 
 
 Zion." — Psal'i cxxxvii. 
 
 TORONTO: 
 Hunter, Rose & Co., 25 Wblunoton Street West. 
 
 1877. 
 
EEMEMBER ZION; 
 
 OR, 
 
 THE CAPTIVITY 
 
 AND 
 
 PEESECUTION" 
 
 OP THE 
 
 C0tc| €\mt\ m Canak. 
 
 BY THE REV. JOHN MOFFAT, 
 
 MIXISTBR OF THE NATIONAL SCOTCH CHUECH, BAYFIELD, CANADA. 
 
 ' By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat dov/n, yea, we wept, when we remembered 
 
 Zion." — Psalm cxxxvii. 
 
 TORONTO : 
 Hunter, Rose & Co., 25 Wellington Street West. 
 
 1877. 
 
^ 
 
" The memory of the Just Ib bleBSfid. "—.Proo. x. V. 
 
 |HE REV. Mr. STEWART died in British Amer- 
 ica, January 16, 1874, and, by his will, left a 
 small sum for the promotion of the Church of 
 Scotland. As the disunion conDroversy, which has so 
 rent the Scotch Church, was then at its height, and the 
 whole power of seven Legislatures forthwith evoked by 
 her opponents to annihilate her, and grant them her prop- 
 erty, it became a matter of care with me, as Executor, to 
 protect the bequest, and bestow it so as best to promote 
 the object of the Testator. For no matter how sacred the 
 trust, deed, or bequest, or how devoted to our Church, the 
 Legislative Acts swept them aside transferring her prop- 
 erty to aliens. Among various ways of promoting the 
 cause of our persecuted Church, such as strengthening 
 weak congregations, furnishing Bibles, Psalm-books, &c., 
 to the pov^r, and aiding in defraying her ^gal expenses, it 
 occurred to me to publish some addresses I had given in 
 her defence. Of these, one entitled " Presbyterian Trade- 
 Union ; or, the Plot to Rob the Kirk of Scotland in Can- 
 ada," was published two years ago by C. Blackett Robin- 
 son, Publisher of " British American Presbyterian," To- 
 ronto. A thousand copies wore circulated among our 
 congregations previous to the lamentable disunion from 
 the Kirk, and had the good effect of leading many to re- 
 main 1rue to her. Another, entitled ," Persecution of the 
 Scotch Church by Canadian Legislatures," in the form of 
 a letter to the Right Honourable the Privy Council of 
 Er ^dand, was published a year ago, Five hundred copies 
 were issued, and, I believe, did good to our cause. An- 
 other, forming a supplement to the London " Weekly 
 
 I 
 
IV 
 
 Free Press," was published at the commencement of this 
 year. Eight thousand copies were circulated. These, 
 with other addresses, were issued, as stated, simply to 
 promote the cause of the Church of Scotland. The pres- 
 ent one has the same object in view. 
 
 Of this Address — the substance of which has appeared 
 in the above pamphlets — the first part was delivered to 
 my former charge In P. E. Island, March 1st, 1874, with 
 the view of preventing the threatened schism in the 
 Church of Scotland there which was agitated by her op- 
 ponents, and of encouraging our people to remain faithful 
 to their National Zion. This strengthened our party, but 
 increased the hostility of our opponents, who only became 
 the more violent in their opposition to the Church I de- 
 fended. A great persecution was kindled against her by 
 the united efforts of the so-called Unionists or anti-Kirk 
 party,andai3lwa8theonly minister in the Island who stood 
 true to the Church of Scotland, I had to endure the whole 
 brunt of it. I had the honour of holding up the standard 
 of the Kirk when all her other ministers forsook her.* I 
 and the small Kirk party stood alone in her defence 
 against a multitude who, unfortunately, had been seduced 
 from their allegiance to her. By the kindness of Almighty 
 God we maintained our ground, the Kirk party increased 
 in numbers, and, before leaving the Island to labour in 
 Western Canada, I had tlie satisfaction of seeing the 
 greater part of the Islanders return to their allegiance to 
 their Mother Church. 
 
 The second part of the Address was given to my pres- 
 ent charge of Bayfield and Varna, in Western Canada, 
 and elsewhere, only at the close of last year, after the 
 " Union " catastrophe had taken place, and the tyrannical 
 
 1^ 
 
 *. See Appendix, A. 
 
Acts had come into force, with the view of encouraging 
 our people, under their persecution, still to be faithful to 
 our Zion. It is now published along with the former part, 
 with the view of awakening a deeper interest in, and thus 
 advancing, the cause of our persecuted Church. 
 
 J. M. 
 
 National Scotch Kirk, 
 
 Bayfield, Canada, May 1st, 1877. 
 
 r 
 
Uiiiif 'v. 
 
 : V> it . 
 
 ) »■ 
 
 ."S-IW.^i.;. i:/a«'»5js- 
 
REMEMBER Z[ON ; &c. 
 
 V r 
 
 'i 
 
 PART I. 
 
 mnt) 
 ■prtot 
 
 M- 
 
 • ! 
 
 By the riven of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we renkemburcd ZIon, 
 
 —I'aalm cxxxvU. 
 
 HAT a picture of sorrow in the.se few words ! How psi- 
 thetically they describe the anguish of the Jewish cap- 
 tives in Babylon ! Thousands of men, women and chil- 
 dren torn from their native land, and carried captive to a foreign 
 clime, wretched and destitute, they meet together by its dark and 
 troubled waters. And as they gaze on the scene of their bondage 
 and oppression, and think of their once happy homes of freedom, 
 from which they wore now separated for evei', the remembrance 
 of their beloved lana, and especially their holy and beautiful city, 
 brings floods of tears from their c^yes. Above ail, how dreadful 
 to the pious Israelites to reflect that they must not only be de- 
 prived of all the comforts of home, and the privilege of worship- 
 ping the true God on Zion, but might probably l»e forced hy their 
 conquerors to conform to Babylonian superstition in a land of 
 idolatry. For to crown their misery, their insulting foes, with 
 cruel mockery, demand of them mirth, profanely calling for the 
 sacred songs of Zion, thus scoffing at their worship, and interfer- 
 ing with their religion. Shocked at such e jroposal, which seemed 
 nothing less than an insult to God hims^^lf, the pious sufferers, 
 with one voice, exclaim, " How shall we sing the Lord's song in a 
 strange land !" and with hearts bursting with sorrow throw their 
 harps aside, or hang them on the willows that grew on the banks 
 of the river. Undismayed at the prospect of suffering before 
 them, they declare, as one man, that nothing should tempt them 
 either to dishonour God by such profanity, or to forget their duty 
 to Zion. It is true that, in consequence of neglecting her worship, 
 they were in affliction, but now that Zion will be doubly dear to 
 them when far separated from her. In the most tender and 
 affecting language they declare that, should they ever forget her, 
 or be tempted to serve Babel rather than Zion, they desire to be 
 deprived of their very powers and faculties : — " If I forget thee, 
 O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. If 1 do not 
 remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roc^ of ray mouth !" 
 
Finally, they commit themselves to the protection of Him who 
 alone can help, thus giving God the glory even in the presence of 
 His enemies. They lay their complaint before God referring nat • 
 urallv to the terrible desolation of their counti'v, and the unnat- 
 ural conduct of their own brethren, the Edomites, who, in the day 
 of their c^alamity, instead of helping them to defend Zion, treach- 
 erously aided their enemies, shouting to the Chaldeans, " Rase it, 
 rase it, even to the foundation thereof!" Hence we learn the 
 crime of those who, professing to belong to our Church, insidiously 
 compass her destruction. The judgments of God are denounced 
 against both Edomites and Babylonians, as enemies of the Church, 
 for their treachery and cruelty, and the doom of Babylon fore- 
 told — its complete overthrow by Cyms, whom God raised up to 
 be the deliverer of His people, and bring them back, after their 
 long captivity, to their own land. And the Psalm, in a spiritual 
 sense, applies to the state of Christians in this world, which is to 
 them only a Babylon — a scene of sorrow — where they hang their 
 harps on the willows and weep when they think of the ^ion 
 a>>ove, and lo'-g for deliverance from the bondage of sin by Christ 
 their great Deliverer. 
 
 This pathetic Psalm thus presents to us : — 
 
 (I.) The terrible and fiery trial of the Israelites ; 
 
 (II.) Their high principle and steadfastness under it ; and 
 
 (HI.) Encouragement to God's people in the midst of their 
 trials. 
 
 In humble dependence on the Divine blessing, let us consider: — 
 
 (I.) The terrible andjiery trial of the Israelites. ; 
 
 About six hundred years before the Christian era there existed 
 in the far East r. powerful monarchy called Babylonia, or Chaldea, 
 the first of the' four great Empires, whose cr-pital wa' on the idver 
 Euphrates, which flows into the Persian Gulf. This empire, whose 
 power and glory were symbolized by the head of gold in the im- 
 age seen by Nebuchadnezzar, held at that time dominion over the 
 fairest portion of the eart-h ; and an idea of the extent and mag- 
 nificence of its capital may be fonned from the description of 
 Hjrodotus, who states that the walls of Babylon were sixty miles 
 in circumference, two hundred and eighty feet high, and eighty- 
 seven thick, and it was entered by a hundred gates of brass. 
 Babylon was one of the mightiest empires the world ever saw, 
 and it became notorious also for its wickedness and persecution 
 of God'p people. Thus we find that from the earliest period 
 Assyrians and Chaldeans from the East invaded Judea down to 
 the time of Nebuchadnezzar. This last monarch, 1 owever, was 
 the great persecutor of God s people. He it was wlio made Zion 
 a desolation, reducing the inhabitants m the utmost straits in a 
 
9 
 
 two years' siege, and at last setting the city en fire. Alas ! for 
 the desolation of Zion ! The beloved city, the perfection of beauty, 
 was laid in ashes, the magnificent temple of Solomon, after being 
 pillaged of its golden vessels and treasures, burned to the ground, 
 and the innabitants at large given up to indiscrinxinate slaughter. 
 With unparalleled cruelty they slew Zedekiah's sons before his 
 eyes, and then put his eyes out, and binding king, princes, and 
 nobles, and all the chief men of the nation, with their wives and 
 families, they carried them captive in chains to Babylon. 
 
 Did the Jews give any occasion for this terrible judgment ? 
 They did — they treated with contempt God's messengers, and for- 
 sook their national Church — a lesson to us not to forsake our 
 Church. Often before this had they been punished by surround- 
 ing nations. Often had their holy prophets warned them of the 
 approaching calamity while the veil of futurity dra,wn aside ex- 
 hibited to their view th<ur countrymen weeping by the banks of 
 Babel's streams, with their harps suspended on its willows. But 
 the Jews, like some in our Church, turned a deaf ear to warning. 
 And now the lung-threatened judgment came upon them at last 
 in a seventy years' captivity as foretold by Jeremiah — their na- 
 tional calamities involving the righteous with the wicked for 
 among the captives taken at different times, we find Daniel and 
 the holy children, and with many other pious men, Ezekiel, the 
 prophet of the captivity. 
 
 What a scene of national distress now presented itself on the 
 banks of that strange ri/er, the mighty Euphrates, as well as 
 throughout the whole extent of Judah's land — their king, his 
 eyes put out, princes, officers, warriors, craftsmen, musicians, 
 men and women-singei-s and children, all manacled as slaves, and 
 at the TCi&cdj of their haughty conquerors. Behold the Daughter 
 of Zion, bound by her enemies, as a poor captive, sitting sad and 
 disconsolate by those dark and hostile waters, mingling her tears 
 with their ftood ! Behold her children faint and broken-hearted, 
 with hope herself denied them, for with the dreadful prospect of 
 seventy years' captivity and slavery before them, they are cei'- 
 tain they shall .see Zion no more. Was this all ? Their worst 
 trial was the dread of being forced to renounce their religion. 
 For not content with the temporal injuries they had inflicted on 
 them, their tyrannical captors, by commanding them to sing in 
 mockery their sacred songs, gave them to understand that they 
 would interfere also with their religion if they thought proper. 
 And, thoagh it is not stated, we have rei son to believe that their 
 idolatrous masters also threatened them with penalties, setting 
 before them the horrors of the lions' den, and of the blazing fur- 
 nace if ihey refused to comply wit ; the rites and customs of 
 Babylon. Were not the Jewish captives included among " all 
 people, nations and languages" commanded, under pain of a death 
 
10 
 
 of torture, to worship the great golden image which Nebuchad- 
 nezzar, the King, had set up ? They were entirely at the mercy 
 of their ruthless conquerors, and in danger of persecution if they 
 refused compliance with their commands. What will they do ;' 
 Will they serve God or Baal ? Will they confess God, or, througli 
 fear of man, betray His cause by even singing in mockery Hi ■ 
 holy songo ? Will they, in the hour of trial, stand true to their 
 Church and Religion, or renounce them and unite with Babylon- 
 ians ? which brings us to consider, 
 
 (II.) Their high principle and stea^ [fastness under their trial. 
 
 The whole nation rose as one man, and with one voice exclaimed, 
 " If I forget thee, O Jerdsalem, let my right hand forget her 
 cunning. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to che 
 roof of my mouth ; if I prefer not Jerusalem' above my chief 
 joy ! " Nothing shall ever efface from our minds the remembrance 
 of our beloved Zion. Nothing shall ever tempt us to forsake her 
 or unite with her enemies. Should we ever forget her may we 
 lose the power of our hands and our speech and even life itself. 
 In a word, we may suppose the sentiment of the whole nation 
 was that expressed by the holj'^ youths to Nebuchadnezzar, " O 
 Nebuchadnezzar, we are not careful to answer thee in this matter. 
 If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from 
 the burning fiery furnace, and He will deliver us out of thy hand, 
 O King. But (even) if not, be it known to the 3, King, that v/e 
 will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou 
 hast set up." No fiery trial will move us from our steadfastness 
 — our resolution to maintain our national religion, and form no 
 union with Babylonians. Persecution may stare us in the fac(;, 
 but we must maintain our religious principles at all hazards. Like 
 true Israelites we must be faitliful even unto death — true to onv 
 Kirk, and true to our God! — and now, 
 
 (III.) and lastly. From the constancy of the Jews in captivity to 
 their Zion, ht us learn a lesson of fidelity to our Church— from 
 their noble example let ua take encouragement in the midst of trials. 
 And nv)w, in conclusion, let me address you, particularly, as mem 
 hers of the Church of Scotland. My Christian friends, you have 
 a Zion as well as Israel had — Let me ask you, have you the same at- 
 tachment to your Zion that they had to theirs ? Even amid their 
 fiery trials they preferred Zion above their chief joy ! 0, havo 
 3 (ju the same high principle that they had ? Have you the same 
 unwavering fidelity for your Church — the Church of your fathers 
 — OUT national Zion — the Mother of us all — the Church of Scot- 
 land which is the Church of Christ, whose blessings extend t ) 
 every distant shore ! And refiect how superior your Church is to 
 theirs. They only saw darkly what we now see clearly. Yet if 
 they, under a dark dispensation, so loved tlieir Zion, how much 
 
11 
 
 more .should you love yours, on which the great Light hath shone. 
 And if they were so faithful to their Church in such trying cir- 
 cumstances, how much more may you be faithful to yours in cir- 
 cumstances so happy. Here you enjoy civil and religious freedom 
 under the benign sceptre of a Sovereign who has long been a nursing 
 Mother to your Church — in connection with the Church of Scot- 
 land, planted by you here after you left the Scottish shores, you 
 are happy and prosperous. In this beautifid Island you have 
 happy homes and many comforts — your beloved families growing 
 up around you in virtue and wisdom — and here you and they 
 come together every Sabbath to hear the sweet sound of the Gos- 
 pel, and " sit under your vine and fig-tree," 0, how superior are 
 your privileges to those of the poor Jews ! How well may you 
 thank God for your national Zion. 
 
 Doubtless as " strangers and pilgrims on the earth " our heart's 
 best affections must be set on the heavenly Zion, of which the 
 earthly Zion was but a type, the present woild being to us only 
 a Babylon, where r/e mingle our tears with its streams as we think 
 of the " better k,nd " afar off. But whilst, as pilgrims of Zion, 
 we must " look for the City which hath foundations " — the holy 
 and beautiful House above, we must, at the same time, not forget 
 the Zion below. The renicmbrance of our national Zion is a very 
 natrial and laudable feeling. For ourselves, considering the 
 changes with which we are threatened, to dwell a little on this 
 subject, and afi'ectionately remember our Scottish Zion, is even a 
 duty. And indeed of all lands there is none more entitled to the 
 grateful remembrance of her children than Scotland, and, except 
 the Holy Land itself, none which will more draw the footsteps of 
 pilgrims from the ends of the eartli to gaze on scenes celebrated 
 fiwtlieir natural beauty — rei)owned in song — immortalized in his- 
 tory — consecrated by noble deeds, and hallowed by acts of piety 
 and virtue. There, in the parish School, in connection with the 
 parish Kirk, her children received that religious training to which 
 their success in life is due. Recal, for a moment, the scenes of 
 youth, the memory of those happy days when the holy lessons 
 began the daily school exercises, and again closed them ere the 
 youngsters, with burst of joy, rushed to their evening amusementn 
 on the flowery banks and braes. Cherish memories which tend 
 to keep the heart pure, the affections warm, the soul brave and 
 patriotic. Think of your Fatherland as the fairest spot on eartii 
 — " beautiful for situation, the joy of every land," and let her name 
 be associated in your memory with all that is good and honour- 
 able. Remember with pride her institutions, especially hei' 
 National Chu-^-ch, that g and embodiment of faith, hope, and 
 charity, in which your fathers lived and died, in which you were 
 baptized and brought up, within whose pale we have our consola- 
 tion here, and look for salvation hereafter. Like ancient Israel, 
 
12 ' 
 
 let us remember our Zion with sincere affection ; remember her as 
 a kind Mother first leading us to the green pastures, teaching our 
 infant lips to pray, and pointing the way to heaven ! Remember 
 her as the instructor of our riper years when, at the examinations 
 and catechising before admission to the Lord's Supper, we heard 
 her doctrines explained by her learned divines. Remember the 
 hallowed scenes when we went together to the venerable Kirk 
 and worshipped with those whom we shall see no more. Remem- 
 ber the solemnity of her service, the soundness of her doctrines, 
 the eloquence of her ministers who had a. word of kindness and 
 encouragement for all. Remember her holy ^Sijs of fasting and 
 confession of sin, and of thanksgiving for mercies. Remember tlie 
 blessedness of her Communion Sabbaths, the affecting scenes com- 
 memorating the dying love of the Redeemer, the privilege of lis- 
 tening to the glowing words of her holy men, and the spiritual 
 joys of partaking of that feast of love, while the voices of old and 
 young mingled together in the sweet and plaintive communion 
 anthem, that lifted the soul to heaven, as retiring from the holy 
 table they went out to the beautiful green church -yard where so 
 many generations rest together. Remember her as your National 
 Church upholding the gi'eat doctrine denied by her foes that the 
 Lord is Head both of the Kingdom andcf the Kirk, that the " King- 
 dom is the Lord's ; and that He is the Governor among the na- 
 tions "* — a national Church of which ycu may well be proud 
 when you see many nations unblest by such an institution, and 
 having therefoie, no Sabbaths, no religion, but overrun with 
 heresies and heathenism. Remember her as the Established 
 Church of Scotland, honoured by the State, protected by Kings 
 and Queens who, like the sovereigns of ancient Persia, have been 
 to her " nursing-fathers and nursing-mothere," her ministers being 
 also properly endowed, and thus placed in that position of inde- 
 pendence which enubles them, without fear of man, to declare 
 boldly to their people the whole counsel of God, and makes them 
 not the mercenary hirelings, but the faithful shepherds of their 
 tlocks. Verily the more we see of the evils of Voluntaryisai in 
 iVmerica the more may we prize the bleasitgs of an Established 
 Church. Remember her as the great historical church and bul- 
 wark of the Reformation, and the noble defender of her people's 
 rights Remember her as a church which, like that of the Israel- 
 ites, has had its days of ^rial and persecution (according to its 
 motto), as the once-suffering church of the Martyrs and Coven- 
 anters who " 'mong the muirlands of mist," sang the same Scotch 
 psalms, and heard the same sound doctrines that we do. Remem- 
 ber her as a faithful witness for Christ, tried in a furnace of afflic- 
 tion, and how God delivered her when he " brake the arrows of 
 the bow, the shield, and sword of her enemies." Remember her 
 
 * Psalm xxii, 28. 
 
13 
 
 as a beacon of iriith, like lona of former days, as the Luminary of 
 Western Europo, streaming her light to the ends of the earth. Re- 
 member her as a great missionary church sending ner ministers 
 to all parts of i.he world from Scotland's northern mountains to 
 Australia's souihmost shore, and from India's eastern fountains 
 to Niagara's western roar ! 
 
 And now that we are in a distant land let us prove our remem- 
 h'^'ance of Zion by following her instructions, by living unto God, 
 by a life of faith in Christ, by instructing the ignorant, reclaim- 
 ing the erring, relieving the destitute, and comforting the afflicted. 
 Prove your remembrance of her by attending diligently and 
 daily to the means of grace, reading God's Word, prayer in the 
 closet and in the family, and training up the young in her paths, 
 by reverencing the Sabbath and by regular attendance on public 
 worship. Prove your remembrance of her by maintaining her 
 principlea, by upholding her cause, by extending her bounds, by 
 defending her in danger. Preserve the unity of this Church spread 
 over so many parts of the earth. Though like ancient Israel her 
 children are scattered far north, south, east, and west, yet let them 
 be one in heart. Though seas divide them, let their national 
 Church be one aid indivisible. Let her beautiful name, endeared 
 by a hundred memories, ever speak to us with the voice of years 
 that are gone, be our watchword and bond of brotherhood over 
 the world, stimulate to every noble deed, and never be changed 
 till exchanged foi the new name above ! 
 
 So many are tlie motives which should induce us to be faithful 
 to our Zion that 1 cannot enumerate them. Her name, history, 
 antiquity are all powerful motives. Churches, like nations, re- 
 joice in a good name, a glorious history, a high antiquity, when 
 they have been tried, tested, and approved for centuries, and are 
 not like the new sects of America which, like Jonah's gourd, 
 spring up in a night, and perish in a night ! Every sentiment of 
 love, gratitude, and patriotism — every principle of fidelity, right, 
 and justice — every interest of time and eternity calls upon us to 
 uphold her, and defend the faith, and cherish the hope which is 
 the anchor of our soul. Finally, the vows of God are upon us, as 
 ministers and elders of the Church of Scotland (and even as mem- 
 bers), to stand true to her. Let our sentiment then be that of the 
 holy captives by the rivers of Babylox. " If we forget thee, Je- 
 rusalem, let our hand forget her cunning — let our tongue cleave to 
 the roof of our mouth." 
 
 Above all in British America have we the strongest reasons to 
 maintain our connection with the Church of Scotland for, only in 
 virtue of that connection, has our Church here a claim to a share of 
 the Royal Clergy Reserves, and receives aid from home. The ad- 
 vantages of this connection, in a^ew territory, where there are so 
 many of our people unable to support Gospel ordinances, are in- 
 
u 
 
 estimable. Wisely, therefore, did the fathers of the Kirk here 
 labour to secure them this blessing and have the Gospel preached 
 to them " without money and without price." And now, as the 
 result of their labours, behold the Kirk covering the land with 
 her churches. Numbering nearly two hundred in all, and well 
 supported by most of the Scotch settlers and the Colonial Com- 
 mittee's grants, and, in virtue of her connection with the Estab- 
 lished Church of Scotland, partly endowed by the Clergy Reserves, 
 with colleges also for training ministers for her service, she is now 
 the joy and envy of the whole land and an invaluable blessing to 
 our people. 
 
 Looking then simply to what the Church of Scotland has done 
 for British America alone, how manifold are her claims to your re- 
 gard. Your churches, manses, colleges she has erected — your min- 
 isters, Gaelic and English-speaking, she has sent out and main- 
 tained — your students she has educated. When you consider what 
 a blessing she has been to Scotland and Scotch people and their 
 descendants over the world, especially in Ireland and Canada — 
 when you think of the strong attachment your godly fathers and 
 mother.>^ had for that noble old Church which, with their latest 
 breath, they entrusted to your keeping as the best legacy they 
 could leave you — when you consider the soundness of her doctrines 
 as taught in her standards — when you think upon her long line 
 of great and illustrious men from the age or her Reformers 
 down to the present time — when you think of her noble army of 
 martyrs who of all ranks and ages, and both sexes, went to the 
 Hames and the scaffold in her defence that she might be handed 
 down a blessingto remotest posterity wo^ in Scotlana only, but over 
 the world — I feel assured when you think of all this, your regard 
 for our national Zion will increase more and more — never will 
 you prove false to her in the day of trial — never will you unite 
 with those who seek her overthrow, but you Xvill consider it your 
 chief interest and honour to defend her, while your sentiment will 
 he that of true Israelites : " If we forget thee, O National Zion, let 
 our right hand foi-get her cunning, let our tongue cleave to the 
 roof of our mouth." 
 
 But, dear friends of the Kirk, times of trial are before you. 
 The Zion you love is threatened to be taken from yoa — some even 
 of her oivn sons will betray her ! You are sad and sor^-owful at 
 this announcement, yet it is too true. For years a systematic at- 
 tempt has been made by foes outside to overthrow the beautiful 
 fabric reared by the piety of your fathers, but now the attempt is 
 made by false brethren vjithin tJie camp. Vainly have we remon- 
 strated with them — they would listen to no advice, and after in- 
 juring her in every way possible, they filially went over to the 
 enemy's camp at St. John last year, betrayed her into their hands, 
 and shamefully made terms with her foes ! " Tell it not in Gath, 
 
15 
 
 ir 
 
 111 
 
 St 
 
 le 
 
 publish it not in the streets of Askalon !" Some of tli >8e Uisgi-ace- 
 ful terms are published in their sham "Basis of Union;" many 
 are kept secret. Enough is known to show that their true Basis 
 and bond of union is the spoliation of our Kirk, and the division 
 of her property I And now their only difficulty is to blindfold 
 the people, and, without alarming them, get them to join them in 
 this business. To attain this they have raised a " Union" cry, 
 falsely assuring them that tJiey vnll still he the Ghu7'ch of Scotland. 
 To make sure, they require them to sign their Basis, without ex- 
 (tminimg it too closely, for, after a few cliildish statements as to 
 the belief of God, &e., to which any heathen might say " yea," 
 and a mangling of the Confession of Faith, it contains some notice 
 of the bare-faced appropriations of the Kirk's property, to which 
 you must shut your eyes ; and to this wonderful document, most 
 aitfully drawn up, so as to conceal the real grounds of difference 
 between the Kirk and her opponents, and thus obtain the blinded 
 assent of the illiterate, you are called on to give your adhesion 
 next Tuesday. I counsel you to treat such a document with con- 
 tempt, as unconstitutional, and as a snare to destroy you. Their 
 game is to enrich themselves by seizing your Church's property, 
 and entrap you into the snare of abetting the deed by signing 
 their document. By giving your approval of their " Basis " you 
 sign away your inheritance, and they will use your names to de- 
 prive you of your privileges, and crush you with Acts of Parlia- 
 ment. I foresee nothing but evil fiom this wicked attempt to ex- 
 tirpate the Scotch Church in Colonies where there is such a large 
 Scotch population. I ^ee your Church sold into captivity, and 
 her chikhen weeping and lamenting tivnv loss amid lawsuits, 
 strife, contention, and trouble. Be not deceived by the deceptive 
 name of " Union ;" in their mouths it means only destruction. I 
 am sorry that many will be led astray by them over Canada. 1 
 charge you before God to remain faithful and " remember Zion. " 
 Hearken not to those who, for the most sordid ends, lead the 
 " Union " movement in this Island — who, after eating the bread 
 of the Kirk all their life-time — a drag and burden to the Colonial 
 Committee — like base assassins, now turn round and stab the 
 JVEother that nourished them ! Such persons are undeserving the 
 name either of Scotchmen or of Scotch ministers. Far be it from 
 us to be averse to union on a proper basis, namely, that those who 
 left us come back to us, again receive our name, and be the same 
 as before they left us. The Church of Scotland, both at home 
 and abroad, keeps the door open for thi return of her children — 
 though they have wandered far away from her — and, like a kind 
 Mother, earnestly desires their re-union with her, but this can 
 only be on one condition, that they return to the parental roof. 
 Unless this union takes place, then we are far better as we are. 
 The Church of Scotland requires union with no one ; united unto 
 
16 
 
 Christ by faith, and to each other by love, we have all the union 
 we desire — a true spiritual union, and not an external compul- 
 sory one. 
 
 The union proposed is no union, but the completion of former 
 schisms — no union, but disunion from the Church of Scotland 
 with all her advantages and blessings, it is a movement which 
 robs our people of the privilege and consolation of their national 
 religion — nay, which involves, with the plunder of her property, 
 and the sacrifice of her principles, her complete annihilation down 
 to the proscription of her very name, which is to be blotted out 
 from the list of churches, as if she were the blackest of criminals, 
 and a strange name substituted unknown to Church history. Un- 
 der the deceptive name, " Union " then is implied the utter ex- 
 tinction of the Scotch Church in Canada. 
 
 Viewed even by the discord it has created the union movement 
 is an intolerable evil ; but viewed as involving the downfall of the 
 orthodox Kirk, and a.s entailing upon Canada a night of darkness, 
 it is a calamity that should rouse all true Kirkmen to defend 
 their religion. Nobly did the people in Canada support the Kirk, 
 and if some of them are being estranged from her this is the doing 
 of cheir treacherous spiritual guides who have done their utmost 
 to draw away their affections from her, and overturn the Church 
 they swore to defend. Oh ! shameful treachery ! Let the traitors 
 be expelled and punished ss they deserve, let the Kirk be relieved 
 of the incubus that has long weighed on its energies, and, with a 
 sufficient remnant of faithful ministers and members left to carry 
 on her work, there is yet a bright and glorious future before her in 
 British America. And while ministers are false, let their congrega- 
 tions be true, and cling to the Kirk as to their strong-hold. Oh ! 
 my countrymen, that I could vindicate her right to that place in 
 your affections to which she is so eminently entitled. And I doubt 
 not that among you are many true and noble hearts who love our 
 Zion,and deprecate her fall — Israelites indeed, to whom she is most 
 dear and " most beautiful, the joy of the whole earth." 
 
 A great crisis is now before her. Our brethren are in arms — 
 the voice of the coming conflict is sounding over Canada, and we 
 must unfurl the standard of the Kirk. Come to her aid every 
 true son of Caledonia — all who love the land of the heather and 
 the thistle — " land of the mountain and the flood." Come to her 
 aid, brave men of Ireland whose forefathers carried her to your 
 shores in days of persecution. Come to her aid, good men of Ca- 
 nada whose fatherg planted her among you, in the first settle- 
 ment of the Colony, as the greatest blessing they could bestow. 
 Let us all, whether natives of Britain or British America, as all 
 children of the Kirk, and as true Israelites, defend our national 
 Zion. Shall those who have even no name contend for their rights, 
 and the Kirk do nothing, that has weathered the storm for hun- 
 
ler 
 lur 
 
 >- 
 lle- 
 
 iw. 
 
 til 
 
 17 
 
 dreda of years — whose colours have triumphed on many a field, and 
 whose name is emblazoned on the rolls of history ? The Church of 
 our fathers, that has been such a blessing to us all, shall we see 
 her robbed and trampled in the dust by traitors ? Let her faith- 
 ful sons now rally around her in the hour of danger, hold up her 
 arm in the coming struggle, and cling to her the more because of 
 the tempest and the storm : 
 
 " Even aa a child, when Hearing winds molest, 
 Clings close and closer to its mother's breast 
 
 SO let the stormy trials throu.(h wL.jh the Kirk has bravely passed 
 and may soon pass again, endear her to our heart more and more. 
 Defend that Zion whose name is vnusic to the ear in a distant land 
 — as British subjects defend your national rights — your national 
 religion — let parliaments and persecutors do as they please. 
 Emulate, my countrymen, the faith and high principle of God's 
 people in their ca~tivity and sorrow. Tread in the path trodden 
 by the feet of saints and martyrs — the path of your pious fore- 
 fathers who so loved the Kirk that its very name was precious to 
 them, as the stones of Zion were dear to Israel, so the hallowed 
 name, "Kirk of Scotland" was dear and sacred to theii heart. I 
 warn you before God of the danger of forsaking the old path ; of 
 the sin of separating from a Kirk approved by God, and conse- 
 crated by the blood of His holy martyrs. Remember the calamities 
 which befel Israel for neglecting their national Church, and how 
 bitterly they bewailed their misfortunes in Babylon. Be faithful 
 then to the trust committed to you by noble ancestors. Stand 
 fast in the liberty wherewith Christ has made you free, and be 
 not entangled with the yoki of " union " bondage. Quit you like 
 men ; be strong, for the day of trial is approaching. Highlanders, 
 shoulder to shoulder ! Be " ready, aye ready," true men of the 
 Border ! " I cannot stand by and see Randolph perish ! " was the 
 noble-hearted exclamation of Douglas on the field of Bannock- 
 bum ; and you and I will be unworthy of the name of Scotland 
 if we allow our brethren to fight unaided — if we stand by and 
 see our liberties perish and the noblest Institution of our nation, 
 and the last vestige of her ancient Independence, fall undefended 
 into the hands of her mortal foes. 
 
 its, 
 
18 
 
 PART II * 
 
 " 'Tie done ! — dread Winter spreads his latest gloom 
 And reigns tremendous o'er the conquered year — 
 ' How dead the ve: t'table Kingdf)m lies ! 
 
 How dumb the tuneful ? Horror wide extends 
 His desolate domain ! " 
 
 Such desolation and horror have at last overspread our heloved 
 Zion I Since addressing a former congregation, in P. E. Island, 
 on this subject, the gieat desolation has come — her foes have ac- 
 complished their task : 
 
 " Now in Canada's wilds the standard of Zion 
 All bloody and torn mid the desert is lying ! "t 
 
 "Oh! that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of 
 tears, that I might weep day and night for the slain of the 
 daughter of my people!" Would I had never heard — might 
 never tell the tale of crime unfolded in the betrayal of Zion ! 
 But when I see the desolation that has befallen her— our holy 
 and beautiful House broken down — and the sanctuary of our 
 faith, the palladium of our liberties trodden under foot—when I 
 see tyranny in the name of law, and communism under the mask 
 of religion robbing us of our rights and possessions — when I see 
 my countrymen, like Israel in Babylon, plunged in sonow, and 
 spoilers mocking at their distress — when I see all this oppression 
 I cannot forbear lifting up my voice against it. And my feelings 
 of indignation, which are shared by all right-minded people, have 
 only been intensified a hundred-fold by what I have seen of the 
 extent of our people's sufferings in a visit I lately made among 
 them, both in the Lower and Upper Provinces. Everywhere I 
 heard the same complaints. Men on the shores of the Atlantic, 
 and those on the shores of Huron, a thousand miles apart, told me 
 one and the same tale — that the " Union " was the greatest evil 
 that had ever befallen them, that the people never desired it, that 
 it was a plot of ministers to promote their own ends, and that they 
 were sick-tired of half-taught lay preachers. In Prince Edward 
 Island, where I re-visited my former congregation, they told me 
 that the dissatisfaction was so great, that in three months after 
 " Union," thej^ demanded to be re-connected with the Church of 
 Scotland. The " Union " there has been a complete failure, and 
 
 » Delivered at Bayfield and St. Stephen's Scotch Church Lo don, Dec. 1876. 
 t Caineronian'8 Dream. 
 
two of the three traitor ministers have left the Island ; clearly 
 they did not profit by their treachery. Including above twenty 
 Gaelic congregations, which, to a man, refused to ioin the "Union," 
 those who nave remained faithful to the Churcn of Scotland in 
 the Island, are at least seven times more numerous than those 
 who deserted her. In Nova Scotia, twelve large congregations, or 
 two tkirds of all our congregations there, remain true to the Kirk, 
 and taking the Maritime Synod, in general, about three-fourths of 
 our ministers and people remain faithful to her.* In Halifax, St. 
 John, Fredericton, Woodstock, Richmond, Wallace, and other 
 places, 1 met with many warm friends of the Kirk, who told me 
 there were large numbers in these places, and over New Bruns- 
 wick and Nova Scotia equally attached to her, but in great dis- 
 tress at losing their churches. In the Upper Provinces, between 
 Montreal and Hamilton, I visited about thirty small Scotch con- 
 gregations which had lost their church properties, and were left as 
 sheep without shepherds by their treacherous " Union " guides, 
 and some of them met to worship together in wooden barns and 
 log-houses. A few were afraid e\'en to do this, in consequence of 
 the " Union " penal Acts in force against Church of Scotland peo- 
 ple. At Laprairie, the scene of my first labours in America, the 
 peopJe still held the Scotch Church, in which I preached to a 
 number of my old people, though many, alas, had passed away ; 
 but it was feared the unionists would seize it. At Lachine, across 
 the St. Lawi'ence, I found the Scotch Church also in mourning, 
 a " Union " minister from Montreal having undermined the vener- 
 able and highly-esteemed Scotch minister, slyly getting the names 
 of his people under pretence of continuing him in his charge, and, 
 in the basest maiiner, using these falsely-obtained names to eject 
 him therefrom, and steal his church. At Montreal, the Unionists 
 have also used every means to undermine our Church and mis- 
 sions in that City.i* but there the Scottish Church is too power- 
 ful for her opponents, embracing, as it does, a Presbytery, and 
 holding the largest and most influential congregation, and being 
 supported by the wealthiest men, in the Dominion. The Scottish 
 Church also keeps her ground, and is numerously attended 
 throughout our Presbyteries of Glengarry and Hamilton, as far 
 west as London, in which city a large Scotch congregation has 
 been formed since the " Union." At Beechridge, south of Mon- 
 treal, I learned with pleasure that the Gaelic congregation there 
 stands true to the Kirk, under the faithful ministrations of their 
 much -esteemed minister, the Rev. Mr. McDonald, who informed 
 me that in other neighbouring districts are also many attached to 
 the Scotch Church. At Perth, the people had secured the Town 
 
 * Appendix, 
 t Appendix. 
 
20 
 
 Hall, in which 1 preached to a laive congregation devotedly at- 
 tached to her. At Scarlwro', Whitby, West King, Toronto, Dun- 
 das, Hamilton, are large Scotch populations, belonging chiefly to 
 the national Kirk, but denied the privilege of their national wor- 
 ship, their churches being seized, under the Ontario Act, by 
 " Union " Presbyteries in spite of all their remonstrances. From 
 Hamilton to Paisley, for a hundred and fifty miles, the country is 
 thickly settled with Scotch, yet no Scotch sei'vice is allowed, their 
 churches being all closed by unionists, or sold, and sacrilegiously 
 used for various purposes. At most of the above places, including 
 Binbrook, Clifton, &c., I addressed meetings, counselling them to 
 apply to the Privy Council for redress. Great syujpathy was ex- 
 pressed for the Kirk, both by Church of England people and 
 Koman Catholics, some of the latter remarking to me, that if such 
 oppression were attempted in Ireland it would raise a rebellion. 
 At Paisley the people retain their church, in which I addressed 
 large audiences warmly attached to the Kirk ; but they are har- 
 rassed by unionists threatening to take it from them. Thus 
 many are discouraged and in dread of the Union Acts which have 
 caused a reign of teiTor in the land. Great indignation was 
 eveiywhere expressed at the conduct of the traitor ministers in 
 selling the people's church to enrich themselves, and doing it in 
 such a stealthy manner, smuggling their Destruction Bills through 
 the Legislatures (before the people knew their contents) under 
 the deceptive name of " Union Acts," and quieting their feojrs by 
 whispering they would still he the Church of Scotland, and the mo- 
 ment the Bills passed, raising the shout, tlieir Kirk was sold ! 
 Yes, sold into captivity — as Joseph was sold by his brethren, so 
 the good Kirk was sold into the hands of her spoilers by her own 
 sons ! Now bound in captive chains she lies desolate — her lamen- 
 tations heard all along the dark banks of the St. Lawrence, where, 
 like captive Israel, we may now hang our hai-ps on the willows 
 and weep for our beloved Zion ! 
 
 Alas ! for the beauty of Israel ! how is the mighty fallen! how 
 doth the city sit solitary that was full of people ! all her friends 
 have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies ! 
 How beautiful was our beloved Zion ! but yesterday she was the 
 oy and envy of the whole land ! so flourishing and prosperous, 
 e) people so happy and contented, each " sitting under his vine 
 and fig-tree." Now all is changed ; Edomites and Babylonians 
 — unhallowed union — have laid her in ruins. Of nearly two 
 hundred churches, in which the Gospel was preached, in its purity, 
 to the people of Canada, the greater part have been seized by a 
 new sect, the propagators of unsound doctrine. 
 
 Our calamities are indeed indescribable — our people are thrown 
 into the greatest distress. Exactly as I foresaw from the com- 
 mencement of the " Union" plot, so have events turned out. The 
 
 I 
 
ti 
 
 traitors within the camp have made havoc of the Church they 
 swore to defend. Wolves of the forest, who.s howl resounds from 
 Halifax to far Ontario's shore, having thrown off the 8heei)*s skin 
 have rent the fold which gave them shelter — men who ate the 
 bread of the Kirk all their life-time — even those whom we ap- 
 pointed in Morrin and Queen's College to the important office of 
 training those under their charge to the faithful service of the Kir)., 
 have betrayed their trust for filthy lucre's sake. Trampling under 
 foot, truth, honour, and principle they have violated the constitu- 
 tion of the Church, over-riding even the Barrier Act to attain their 
 end — a-j traitors, they have bribed aliens to aid and join thorn in 
 destroying her, squandering her funds on those for whom they 
 were never intended, pensioning even the students to join them and 
 swell out their numbers — as base deserters they have gone over to 
 the enemy and joined the ranks of those who are of «lifferent 
 principles, and one half of whom nv3ver entered a college door — 
 exalting each petty sect, they have degraded the Church of Scot- 
 land in e /ery way possible. They have finally dragged her as a 
 criminal before every tribunal in the Dominion to receive her 
 death-blow, and in her room have set up a spurious Presby- 
 terianism. They have created not " union," but disunion, discord, 
 and division over the whole Dominion, unsettling the rights of pro- 
 perty, distracting congregations, and setting against each other 
 sects that lived m harmony before. They have turned all Canada 
 into an arena of strife, and plunged in lawsuits, troubles and ex- 
 penses, their faithful brethren forced to defend their rights be- 
 fore Courts of Law. Utterly regardless of the interests of the 
 people, they heve got Acts passed in their own interest to extir- 
 pate their Church and take her property. 
 
 Since these " Union Acts " came into force a year ago. the whole 
 country has been a scene of rapine and violence. Nothing 
 has been heard but the smashing of locks and doors, the seizure 
 and sacking of Scotch churches by gangs of licensed freebooters who, 
 even on the Sabbath, took possession of the same by brute force, 
 while the rightful owners, who, out of their hard-won earnings, 
 and amid great hardships and privations to themselves and 
 families, reared the sacred buildings in the early settlement of the 
 colony, were driven out of them by those who never paid a cent 
 towards their erection ! What are the persecuted Church of Scot- 
 land people to do ? The old settlei. cannot begin anew, with the 
 vigour of other days, to build new churches. They haven't the 
 means to do so ; and even if they did the oppressive Acts, em- 
 powering a unionist, or rather communist rabble, to seize at any 
 future time Bjiy Scotch churches, would soon deprive them of 
 these also. Driven from their churches some are now worship- 
 ping, as we said, in wooden barns and log-houses, some in public 
 halls, and others beneath the shelter of the forest, while many 
 
22 
 
 despairing of obtaining justice in Canada, are preparing to leave 
 for a country where they can worship God in freedom. 
 
 The entire property of the Church of Scotland, real and per- 
 sonal, to th v'alue of millions, was, on the 15th of June 1875, 
 confiscated to the use of a new and hostile Beet, her temporalities 
 parted among strangers, her churches, manses, and lands, and her 
 very colleges seized by the same, and even her widows and or- 
 phans deprived and robbed of their rightful funds by the same 
 locust army of unionists. Funds, donation;; and grants, propei-ty 
 of every descrption, from Imperial giftb down to the last dollar of 
 the hard-v'orking men's collections — every green leaf, is devoured 
 by the union legion of grasshoppers ! 
 
 j:,But not only is the Church of Scotland plundered ; she is in- 
 sulted at the same time by her members being even asked to vote 
 whether they will be true to her or not ! And this vital question 
 of their very existence as a Church they must decide in six months, 
 according to the Mowat Act, or be stripped of every vestige of 
 their property. Tt is the same thing as if the children of a beloved 
 mother were bribed to leave her — as if they were asked whether 
 the}"^ would be dutiful or undutiful — whether they would retain 
 their oivn motJcer or take a strange woman ! When the insulting 
 clause met my eye exposing the venerable Church of Scotland, 
 with all her blood-bought privileges, to the hap-hazard of a vote, 
 my blood boiled with indignation, and my advice vvas for her 
 members to ttike no such vote. To vote on the question of re- 
 taining or abandoni/ng a religion more sacred to us than all the 
 things of this world — of standing true or proving false to principles 
 for which our fathers bled and died, and which we have been 
 taught from infancy to regard as dearer than life itself, was simply 
 ai\ outrage to our feelings. 
 
 It was indeed a fiery trial ; yet not to lose their churches, and 
 have Old and young deprived of the benefits of a public ministry, 
 many congregations, in terms of the tyrannical Acts, submitted 
 to the revolting measure of voting ivhether they would be true to 
 their Kirk or betray her ! How the hearts of thousands heaved 
 with indij^ . nt sorrow at beiiig reduced to this degrading step ' 
 and how the heart of Scotland will heave with indignant wrath 
 when sh^ hears of it, I need not describe. And how did our 
 Church stand the fiery ordeal ? In her long and glorious history 
 she has passed through many trials, but this was the most degiad- 
 ing. It will scarcely be credited out of Canada that one of a ma- 
 jority of her opponents, though obtained by bribery, could decide 
 the fate of her property — to obtain which every species of cor- 
 ruption, false oaths, and violence was employed by the unionists, 
 under whose threats many W3rc driven like cattle into the Union, 
 part believing they would still be the Church of Scotland, and 
 part the Free Church. Terrorism was as rampant as at an elec- 
 
' 
 
 28 
 
 tion by ballot. To secure the vote on theii side every trick was 
 practised. When the vote went in their favour it was all right, 
 when in ours it was all wrong, a-nd lawsuits entered against us ! 
 Every thing our people did was objected to. If female communi- 
 cants' votes were taken, as at London, it was pronounced illegal — 
 if only male votes, as at Bayfield, it vjas the same thing ! In short 
 majority or minoHty was of no consequence, for the law being a 
 mockery, it came to the same thing as if they had disregarded it 
 altogether. The unionists boasted they were D.icked by the 
 Legislatures, and whatever they did, however wrong, would be 
 declared by the Law Courts to be right, and that whatever the 
 Kirk did, though perfectly fair, would be pronounced illegal, for 
 the party in power were determined to destroy the Church of 
 Scotland, and exterminate British national feeling in Canada. 
 
 But we have touched only a small part cf the tyranny of the 
 Mo wat A ct. It provides for the continual filling up of the " Union" 
 ranks at the expense of the Kirk, and the continual pulling down 
 of the Kirk without the power of restoration. It provides that 
 in all time coming, Scotch Church people shall be in dread of its 
 consequences, that if, by any means, unionism steals into a Scotch 
 congregation, and union sympathisers at length outnumber the 
 true Scotch members, they can still hand over such Scotch church 
 to the "Union"; but no such provision exists in favour of the Kirk 
 of allowing a union congregatioi to vote itself back again to the 
 Church of Scotland. The laws of ^,he Babylonians cannot be 
 altered. Over the portals of the Union temple is written, " All 
 hope abandon ye who enter here I " 
 
 The injustice of the Presbyterian Union Acts in thus despoil- 
 ing one Church to set up another, is too evident to need comment. 
 Their injustice is apparent from many reasons, and chiefly from 
 this, that the whole property of the Kirk has been raised by her 
 own private members. Of our churches in British America, 
 nearly every one has been erected by funds raised for that pur- 
 pose ill Scotland, and they are deeded to the Established Church 
 of Scotland forever by special Acts of Incorporation, the said 
 Chuvch of Scotland thereby acquiring proprietary rights in them 
 all. Her Clergy Reserves and funds for aged ministers, widows, 
 and orphans were given and devised to her by the donors and lega- 
 tors on the distinct understanding of being applied solely for her 
 behoof, and never alienated to another body. Here then are nearly 
 two hundred churches, manses, glebes, with colleges, temporalities, 
 aiid funds, the title to which is bound down in the strongest pos- 
 sii^e terms to our Church only as connected with, or part of, the 
 Church of Scotland, and the revenues so secured that none but a 
 bona, fide minister of that Church can lay claim to them;* here is 
 property over which the Church of Scotland acquired rights which 
 
 * Appendix. 
 
24 
 
 her Coloniia] Committee were bound to defend — Established 
 Church property to which no Dissenter or alien had any claim or 
 right whatever. Here are not only religious, but civil rights of 
 the highest importance involved. The pp-lpable and flagrant in- 
 justice of the so-called ' Union Acts," in thus enabling deserters 
 from the Kirk to hold, after their desertion, such property belong- 
 ing only to her faithful adherent?; — in enabling alien sects to share 
 therein — and even a rabble of a packed majority to vote her out 
 of existence at pleasure, is abundantly evident to every one. 
 Such Acts are an outrageous violation of every principle of mo- 
 rality and justice — they are simply edicts of persecution as dis- 
 ^p'aceful to the Legislatures that passed as to those that sought 
 them. 
 
 Had a new sect been formed so thac no interests were injuied, 
 no principles sacrificed, its sole object the glory of God, none had 
 found fault with it. We have no wish to interfere with others in 
 their religion — we accord peifect freedom and toleration to all. 
 But while conceding to others every privilege we claim ourselves, 
 we cannot allow more. New sects are like strangers coming to 
 settle in a country, but who must go to the forest and clear land 
 for themselves, and must " not covet their neighbour's house, &c.," 
 seize his cultivated fields, and turnout the old settlers. But this 
 is precisely what the new sect has done. Instead of occupying 
 an independent field, going into spiritually-destitute localities, 
 and building churches for themselves in an honest manner, they 
 have trespassed unsought and unwanted upon the domain of 
 others. Turning their covetous eyes on our established kirks, all 
 finished and ready to hand, they have, in the most dishonest man- 
 ner, seized these and turned out the rightful owneis. Turning 
 their covetous eyes on our colleges and lands, they have laid hold 
 of these also ; turning their covetous eyes on our funds for aged 
 ministers, widows, and orphans, they have cruelly seized these 
 too, leaving destitute the poor and helpless — turning their covet- 
 oiiS eyes on our wooden manses, furniture, garden, horse, ox, or 
 ass, if the minister has such, and even the children's books and 
 clothes, these " Union " lifters appropriate everything wholesale. 
 And ii jw, these robbers of churches, widows', and orphans, have 
 the audacity to assemble in the churches they have stolen — occupy 
 stolen pulpits, stolen pews, and handle stolen Bibles, look up to 
 heaven, and insult a God of Justice, wipe their mouths and say, 
 " we have done no wickedness ! " Very likely some of them, all 
 sptileo and deceit, their hands stained witl; plunder, will appear at 
 the Pan-Presbyterian gathering at Edinburgh in July, and dis- 
 course glibly on the many advantages of union ! I trust its mem- 
 bers will beware of such characters, and that the Established 
 Church of Scotland will consult its own dignity by having nothing 
 to do with su(h a meeting. 
 
 ,1 
 
2« 
 
 Had the so-c&lied " Union" in Canada been like *,hai- of the 
 worthy bodies of Dissenters in Scotland — a voluntary union of 
 parties of the same persuasion which benefited all alike — or like 
 the Free Church of Scotland that nobly sacrificed all temporali- 
 ties/or the saJce of their principles, it had been well enough. But 
 the "Union" in Canada was the reverse of all this — a compulsory 
 union, the like of which was never known before, in which Acts 
 of Legislatures were employed to strip people of their property, 
 and drive those of different persuasions into an unnatural union, 
 whether they would or not, and that under civil pains and 
 penalties ! It is a political movement, the vain object of its pro- 
 moters being to rise to powei and cor+' ^l the politics of the Do- 
 minion ; it is a mercenary movement wiiose chief end is the at- 
 tainment of wealth, its promoters, unlike the Free Church, having 
 sacrijiced their primciples for the sake of temporalities ; it is a 
 treacherous movemenu, in which those who were pledged by their 
 ordination vows to defend the Scotch Church have betrayed her, 
 and it is a seditious movement intended to strengthen the party 
 in power that would sever connection with Britain. In short, 
 you see a persecuting movement on the part of our opponents, in 
 which the whole hue and cry has been " Put down the Scotch 
 Church, trample her out of existence as a moral nuisance, an un- 
 holy thing, and give us her property ! " 
 
 Opposed to such a union are, not only our religious principles, 
 our many civil rights, and the iDest interests of Canada, but our 
 national honour. No, we will never allow the Church of Scot- 
 land to be trampled in the dust in that manner, nor consent to 
 the extinction of her glorious name. Certain mean Scotchmen 
 betrayed her, but all Scotchmen would not act like them. Thank 
 God, she has been saved from that national disgrace by the few 
 who have stood by her through all this persecution. 
 
 Notwithstanding the many obstacles which present themselves 
 to a union attempted on its present basis, it has been rashly 
 entered on by its promoters ; but as their whole previous proce- 
 dure, at alleged Synod meetings, was illegal, and in violation of 
 the constitution of the Church, even to overriding the Barrier 
 Act, their union falls to the ground ; in reality there never was a 
 union, nor will their action stand the test of law. Based on 
 crime, their movement cannot prosper, though it may boast gi-eat 
 things, and for a little spread itself out like the green bay-tree. 
 And our traitor brethren are already beginning to reap their re 
 ward, being expelled, one after another, from the un:* ^n ranks, 
 which have now no more use for them ! The injury their 
 ecclesiastical robbery has done to religion in Canada is incalcul- 
 able ; the injustice of the whole movement is a matter of comment 
 to every one. A writer well observes : * " The first clause in the 
 
 • Toronto " Mail," Jan. 81, 1876. 
 
%6 
 
 Act lays the axe at the root of every grant, and at the intention 
 and wish of every beneluctor that has bequeathed aught to benefit 
 the Church. It matters not how sacred the trust, how devoted to 
 the particular church, the sweeping clause carries them off as if 
 they were the merest gossamer. It deprives every one who has 
 given means for the su])port of religion, of the right to dispose of 
 these means as he may see meet. The intentions of the donors of 
 all the other funds are studiously set aside, and the conditions at- 
 taching to their gifts, dealt with as cavalierlj' as the rights of 
 private benefactors, ius for the Church of Scotland, the scope of 
 the said Acts is to rob and ruin her without mercy." 
 
 Such being the acknowledged fact, what are we here presented 
 with but religious perstcution, a persecution which, if it were 
 raised against Christians in Turkey, Persia, or other Mahommedan 
 country, half the world would hear of it, and Courts and Cabinets 
 be employed to put it down. And this persecution is not con- 
 fined to Ontario, but ejitends over the length and breadth of the 
 whole seven Provinces of British America under their respective 
 Legislatures. Nor is it limited to the Church as a whole — it ex- 
 tends to congregations, to families, to individuals. Tradesmen 
 are injured in their trades by unionists, labouring men have their 
 work stopped, ministers are traduced and undermined. 
 
 Time does not permit me to instance the sufferings of all our 
 ministers exposed to the storm of persecution. Everywhere from 
 the Atlantic to Huron arothe faithful persecuted by the faithless. 
 But to tell t^ihe thousand base actions told me everywhere in my 
 visit, of the union ministers to injure their faithful brethren and 
 attain their ends, would fill a volume. 
 
 Looking then at the whole "Union" movement, what does it 
 present but the embodiment of villany, priestcraft, and tyranny. 
 Look first at the Kirk planted in Canada to be a blessing to our 
 people, covering the land with her churches, and well supported 
 and endowed. Look next at her traitor sons, tempted by her very 
 riches to lay violent hands on her and rob the people of their in- 
 heritance. Behold them trampling under foot every solemn 
 engagement, including their ordination vows, and the testament of 
 the commutants of the Temporalities' Fund ; behold bhem doubling 
 their stipends by the base transaction, andbribingalienstojoin them, 
 their true basis and bond of union being the seizure and division 
 of spoil ? BehoM them deceiving the Church at Home by assuring 
 it that the " Union " had the unanimous suppoit of the people ! 
 Behold them deceiving the people, while securing their names for 
 "Union," by assuring them they would still he the Church of Scot- 
 land ! Behold them swindling the people out of vast sums of 
 money for their schemes — especially for Queen's College — all 
 professedly for the Church of Scotland ; yet the moment they got 
 what they wanted wheeling round on the Sliding Pond, and car- 
 
 ; 
 
 
 
27 
 
 n 
 t 
 o 
 f 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 
 rying it all off withthem into the " Union !" Behold them illegally 
 Hummoning the Church of Scotland to meet and destroy herself, 
 and at pretended Synod meetings unwarrantably altering her 
 constitution, especially overriding the Barrier Act, as acknow- 
 ledged ev3n by Vice-Chancellor Blake ! Behold them invoking 
 the civil power to sanction their crimes, and abetting Acts uncon- 
 stitutional and unjust — Acts to annul Imperial charters and deeds 
 of Incorporation, and strip us of our property, and to enable them- 
 selves, after deserting us, to lay hold of it ! Behold them casting 
 a slur on the Church of their native land, degrading and injuring 
 her in every way possible, and finally selling her into captivity 
 for a purse of gold ! Behold them, while drawing her salaries 
 with one hand, signing away her rights with the other on the 
 Sliding Pond ! Behold them every few months perjuring them- 
 selves and drawing her money on false pretences, by signing 
 themselves ministers of the Church of Scotland !* Behold them 
 consummating a movement opposed to the wishes of the people, 
 opposed to our national feelings, opposed to every sentiment of 
 gratitude for the many favours received from the Parent Church 
 — a movement injuring the Church at Home by sweeping a bianch 
 from her — and involving a breach of faith with the people of 
 Scotland, who raised and sent their collections on the distinct 
 understanding that they would promote only the Church of Scot- 
 land. Behold them doing an injury to religion which is incalculable, 
 injuring the best interests of Canada by raising up a political 
 union to strengthen the party that would cut connection v ith 
 Britain, and thus involve her in the horrors of warfare. Behold 
 them, in a word, shamefully glorying in throwing down the 
 Church of their fathers, and beholding unmrtved the miseries they 
 have created. 
 
 Such are the deeds of those whom the Church of Scotland 
 nursed in her bosom and trusted as her friends ! Pity that such 
 wolves in sheep's clothing ever entered the honoured Kirk, and 
 that by artful misrepresentatiuns they should have imposed upon 
 the kindness of the Mother Church to the extent of even obtain- 
 ing pecuniary aid, which, they boast, not only pensions their ring- 
 leaders, but enables twOtn to rarry on the cruel lawsuits against 
 us ! We believe that the Church at Home only requires to know 
 the truth about such traitors and their deeds to determine her to 
 set her face against them, and aid only those who Lave stood true 
 to her. 
 
 Looking at the persecution of our Church, we see she is perse- 
 cuted on all hands — by unjust Legislatures — by time-serving law- 
 courts — by unionists of twenty different creeds — by a hireling 
 press, the tools of Gritism — but, above all, by her traitor sons. 
 
 * Appendix. 
 
2S 
 
 These were the trw ijictors in the scene of destruction — her treach- 
 erous sons who, for a generation, had fattened on the bounty of 
 the Church of Scotland — who were to the Colonial Committee as 
 a right hand and a right eye — who monopolized their favours, 
 and lavished on their colleges and schemes the money sent to aid 
 weak congregations, boasting they were the Kirk's great defend- 
 ers, yet who, all the while, were plottinfy her destruction, sapping 
 her foundations, preventing her extension, crippling her resources, 
 fraudulently appropriating her funds, bleeding, in fact, the Kirk 
 nearly to death, and drawing away the affections of the people 
 from her, and who, finally, for the most sordid ends, perjured 
 themselves before the world, trampled their ordination vows be- 
 neath their feet, conspired with her enemies to overthrow, and 
 covenanted with them to betray her, and share her property be- 
 tween them, and played Judas to the kind, good Kirk that taught 
 and clothed and fed them ! 
 
 Such is their feat in Canada, which, instead of calling forth the 
 applause of any one, ought to send them to the penitentiary ! 
 But it is asserted on this side of the A.tlantic that there are some 
 even in the Church at Home, who sympathize with the rebels, and 
 are playing into their hands ! I should be sorr^'^ to believe this. 
 The so called " Union," is nothing but a crusade against the Church 
 of Scotland — nothing but a combination of enemies of all kinds 
 combined against hei' to disestablish and disendow her. The 
 rebels have swept a branch from the Church of Scotland, and 
 greatly weakened her in America, and I cannot believe that any 
 true member of the Church at Home would glory in this fact. As 
 for the Church of Scotland applauding such a movement, this is 
 as incredible as to suppose that a monarch would rejoice over the 
 loss of some of his dominions, and wish " God speed " to the 
 rebels who had effected it ! But indeed they * ow boast that they 
 have soyae friends in the Colonial Committee who will whitewash 
 them and make them right. I believe no such thing ; and, that 
 if any countenance has been given to them it has been done 
 through ignorance. I believe that if the Colonial Committee be- 
 held the movement in the light in which it is viewed in this 
 country, they would loathe and abhor it, and not aid it with funds 
 intended only for the faithful adherents of the Church of Scot- 
 land. And, I believe, that if the parish ministe':s and people of 
 Scotland knew that their collections for the Colonial Scheme were 
 now to aid our oppressors and persecutors — the greatest enemies 
 of the Church of Scotland — not a penny would be raised for that 
 Scheme in any parish in Scotland. No, the Church of Scotland 
 will never approve of the crimes perpetrated by her traitor-sons ; 
 nor will she be unmindful of those who have, in trying circum- 
 stances, maintained her cause and honour. 
 
 As to our false brethren separating themselves from us, we by 
 
29 
 
 no means object to it ; we only objer,t to their plundeiing the 
 house in which they were long entertained so hospitably. If 
 these "ungrateful guests," as Philip of Macedon would have 
 branded them, were tired of the Church of Scotland, their coun- 
 trymen were not, and no right had they to deprive them of that 
 blessing. To force the Legislatures in their own interests, to ex- 
 tirpate that Church in Colonies where there is such a large Scotch 
 pojmlation, was an infamous action. That population, both set- 
 tled, and continually arriving as emigrants, belong chiefly to the 
 national Kirk, and they are not to be deprived of the privilege 
 and consolation of their national religion. 
 
 As to the sect they have helped to form, we bear no ill will to 
 it or its people — we blame not the people, but their spiritual 
 guides — and we are only sorry that some whom we esteem have 
 been deluded intc it, not aware that they are thus strengthening 
 the hands of our persecutors. A sectarian " Union", by extinguish- 
 ing the Scotch Church, it diminishes the number of churches in 
 the country by one half. A dissenting "Union," its feelings towards 
 our Established Kirk are more hostile than those of Spanish 
 Catholics to Protestant missionaries, or those of Mahommedans in 
 Damascus towards Chnstians. It is not a union of love, joy, 
 and peace, but a union illustrated hitherto by hatred, Avrath, 
 strife — by law-suits, injustice, intolerance, by ejections, spolia- 
 tions, penalties. Destitute of charity, and based on robbery 
 and the oppression of the poor, what an abomination must 
 its worship be in the sight of God ! What sort of ministers are 
 they who can hold office in it ! A mongrel sect, composed of 
 schismatics of every creed, whose doctrinal standard is now 
 wavering between Universalism and Socinianism, with a mixture 
 of Pelagianism and other heresies not found in the Confession of 
 Faith, its teaching is as widely different from that of the Church 
 of Scotland, as the west is distant from the east ! Such a union, 
 though now held together for political ends, will soon dissolve 
 like a rope of sand, by the inevitable tendency of sectarianism. 
 Alas ! that any should leave the firm rock of Scotland's Kirk for 
 such shifting sands of delusion. 
 
 As to the woes they have inflicted on us, look around and be- 
 hold them — our Zion desolate, her children in tears,- her treasury 
 plundered ! Her case is one of peculiar hardship. She has been 
 stripped by the " Union Acts" of everything. Her private pro- 
 perty, churches, manses, colleges — all raised by her own hands — 
 have been seized, as well as Government gr&nts. Spoliation is too 
 feeble a term to use for such wholesale plunder. Every vestige and 
 shred of our dear Church's property is wrenched and wrung from 
 her without mercy, and she is left naked and desolate. No funds 
 has she to fall back upon, and none to help her. 
 
 With poor congregations, the case is especially hard, their mem- 
 
30 
 
 bers having invested nearly their all in the churches they built ; 
 and now they are turned out of them to face the winter's cold, 
 having no place to meet in. What grieves our people most is 
 being thus deprived, in many places, of preaching altogether, the 
 pulpits of the ejected Scotch ministers being occupied by three- 
 year old scholars from Queen's College, whose crude prattlings 
 about TJniversalism and Geology form a poor substitute for sound 
 Scotch sermons. 
 
 Ministers must leave their once pleasant homes, and deliver up 
 the keys of kirk and manse to strangers. Great hardships are 
 felt where there are families, from the difficulty of obtaining 
 shelter. During my visit among our people in the Lower and 
 Upper Provinces, I received many harrassing details of the suf- 
 ferings endured by our ejected ministers, the most painful of 
 which is the case of one on the St. Lawrence. Unable to meet 
 the exorbitant law expense of $1,600, incurred in Chancery courts 
 in v^ainly defending his kirk from the unionists he, with his wife 
 and nine children, the youngest only one day old, was turned out 
 of his poor manse b^'^ the shcriflTs officers. As it was the depth of 
 winter, the snow deep, and the cold tremendous, the poor victims 
 of "Union'' persecution must have perished on the road side but for 
 the Christian kindness of some Roman Catholic farmers, who 
 took them to their homes and provided them with food and 
 shelter. 
 
 Thetyranny of the "Presbyterian Union Acts" will be evident from 
 the very power they give to unionists to seize even private pro- 
 perty, if it be at all connected with manse or kirk. Great hard- 
 ships are felt in consequence. Everything, in short, from church 
 lands and property, down to communion service, and even the 
 books of the Sabbath scholars, everything must be delivered up 
 to those who never paid a cent for anything ! 
 
 Missionary and charitable schemes are stopped ; Church ser- 
 vices and Sabbath schools broken up ; aged men almost brought 
 to the grave with sorrow at losing the kirk, and the young 
 children asking when the Sabbath schools of their beloved kirk 
 would be opened again. Sighing and lamentation are over the 
 whole land. Qur Zion is sad and disconsolate ; her children 
 shedding many tears, like the pious captives by Babel's streams, 
 who hanged their harps on the willows and wept when they re- 
 membered Zion. 
 
 London, Williamstown, Bayfield, Dalhousie, &c., are instances 
 of the manner in which the Church of Scotland is peraecuted by 
 her traitor-sons. In the first, the Scotch Church, by an over- 
 whelming majority, decided three times to remain true to the 
 Kirk of Scotland, and even by the oppressive Mowat Act, was 
 therefore entitled to hold ite property. What follows ? 
 The persecuting Union-party raise a Chancery suit against the 
 
31 
 
 congregation, expensive litigations are carried on in order to ruin 
 it, and a Chancellor's decision interdicts the trustees under forty 
 thousand dollars' penalties ($40,000) or ten thousand dollars each, 
 from using the building for behoof of said Scotch congregation, 
 and, lastly, debars the Scotch minister appointed to preach in it 
 from preaching again the Gospel of Christ in said Scotch church 
 to the said Scotch audience, under another penalty of ten thou- 
 sand dollars, or fifty thousand dollars in all. And now, after a 
 year's litigation and trouble, another Chancery decision gives the 
 property to a small handful of unionists, the trustees being 
 obliged to paj^ their heavy costs (with Sheriff's expenses super- 
 added) as well as their own, and interdicted a second time from 
 using the church under another fifty thousand dollars's penalties. 
 
 Williamstown,one of the oldest Scotch churches in West Canada, 
 and whose title-deeds clearly express the object for which the 
 lands were obtained and the church built, has also I een given to 
 the unionists, and its worthy minister and congregation turned 
 out by a Chancery decision. 
 
 Bayfield is another instance of unionist persecution. This 
 church from its foundation was, like others, connected with the 
 Church of Scotland, erected by her members, and set apart for 
 he: worship. By two distinct deeds it was secured to her, but to 
 make it doubly secure the congi-egation, in terms of the Act, 
 agreed to vote before the 15th December 1875. As some of 
 them were led astray by union canvass rs, I addressed the people 
 the day previous, exhorting them to stand true to their national 
 Zion, and on no account join her foes. Everything was conducted 
 in strict accordance with law. None but male communicants 
 were allowed to vote, though the meeting was much disturbed by 
 unionist intruders led by Messrs. Seiveright and Ure, Union par- 
 sons from Goderich, fouHeen miles off, who demanded the con- 
 trary. Stormy and blustering was their attack, but the Kirk 
 people put them to shame and carried the day triumphantly. 
 Telegraphic counsels they also got from Quebec, Montreal, Kings- 
 ton, and got them in vain, 'xhe presiding magistrate, D. H, 
 Ritchie, Esq., declared the Church of Scotland had the majority 
 by a lawful and faii vote ; yet the first Sabbath after, the church 
 was taken by the unionists by brute force led by Mr, H. Cameron, 
 Union parson at Kippen, in violation of every right and law. To 
 make sure, they held it from Saturday night previous with a strong 
 party armed, who desecrated the sacred building and the Sabbath 
 by drinking whiskey and playing cards in it till daylight. I pro- 
 tested against this usurpation. In their carousals, however, they 
 indulged rather too long, for next week my ruling elder, Mr. 
 Donald Cameron, surprised the drunken guard and took the 
 church from them. Their outrage was sanctioned by the Huron 
 Presbytery (Unionist), and i-hough the Scotch Church was entitled 
 
89 
 
 in law to the property, that Presbytery, in moat unjust and op- 
 pressive manner, encouraged the defeated unionists to try the case 
 in law. Expensive litigations have been the consequence, which, 
 though they had not a shadow of justice to go upon, were yet 
 carried on in order to ruin us, and finally resulted in their ob- 
 taining the use of the church half the day. 
 
 In tnis case the property was not only ours by a double deed be- 
 fore the passing of the Act, but ours also — as the magistrate 
 declared — in strict accordance with it, by our having a majority 
 of male votes. Look then at the whole facts of the case : On our 
 side you see a minister — a kirk session — four faithful trustees — 
 and a congregation embracing a majority of lawful voters, who 
 erected the church at their own expense. On the other side you 
 see no minister — no session — one faithless trustee — and three 
 persons riot evm Church-members and therefore not allowed to 
 vote, yet who swore they were both members and managers, in 
 order to act as Plaintiffs, with one or two more latel}'^ irregularly 
 received from outsiders, and a handful of hostilt unionists who 
 never gave a dollar for the church, with a minority of voters in- 
 cluding one convicted of making a false oath in his affidavit, which 
 false oath was supported by all the other Plaintins, also swear- 
 ing falsely in their affidavits. Yet in this case also a late C hancery 
 decision gave the church to the said unionists, taking it from me 
 and my congregation — our trustees being obliged also to pay 
 their heavy law-costs, as well as their own, and interdicted under 
 forty thousand dollars' penalties ($40,000) from using it again for 
 behoof of the Scotch congregation. 
 
 As to these decisions of the Court of Chancery I pass no opinion 
 — the public will judge of them. And the public may well en- 
 quire what sort of an Act must that be which yields such an 
 abundant crop of strife and trouble, of law-suits and losses ! Is 
 this the boasted Act that was to promote Christian union, peace, 
 and love ! ! ! Better the rule of a despot than such a law ! If 
 such are really our laws. Heaven help the man whose property is 
 sufficiently valuabb to be coveted by unionists ! What a pity 
 Provincial Legislatures were not invented in the days of Jezebel. 
 Poor Naboth n.ed not have been stoned for blasphemy, so as to 
 allow Ahab to get possession of the coveted vineyard. The sim- 
 ple smuggling of a Seizure or "Union Bill" through the said Legis- 
 latures would have settled the matter and saved blood-letting. 
 
 Far be it from me to deny that in a Unionist's view there may 
 be sufficient law in their Act to strip us of our property. I believe 
 the bloody Judge Jefieries, of the seventeenth century, also main- 
 tained he had sufficient law to plunder and torture the Noncon- 
 formists, and that even Claverhouse himself boasted he had suffi- 
 cient law to burn the Covenanters and blow out the brains of 
 John Brown — but we simply deny the rectitude or justice of such 
 doings. 
 
33 
 
 We maintain that the British Legislators, who sanetion«;(l the 
 Confederation Act, never anticipated such oppressive legislation 
 as has heen forced out of it — that they never drea'«'d that 07) ^ 
 smull vjord in it giving power to legislate on properti/ would be 
 misinterpreted into the terrible meaning of wholesale confiscation 
 of it, and that too, pHvateGhurch property! The "Union Acts" are 
 simply Dciual Acts against the faithful members of our Church, 
 worse than the old penal laws of Ireland, opposed to the Act of 
 Toleration, and the spirit of British legislation, and therefore, we 
 hold that they are thoroughly unconstitutional and ultra vires 
 of the Local Legislatures. Look at even the disestablishment of 
 the Irish Church, how carefully the British Parliament drew the 
 distinction between public and private property, dealing only 
 with revenues derived from the State, not with private endow- 
 ments. " These," said Mr. Gladstone, " are private property which 
 must be respected. We leave her also the churches, parsonages, 
 &c., and all the privileges belonging to any ecclesiastical body, 
 minus the State connection and part of the State funds." It is 
 true the Imperial Parliament is supreme, but it does not legislate 
 in violation of the first principles of justice. How different our 
 Piovincial legislation, sweeping off" all property, private and pub- 
 lie, assuming powers never exercised by the Imperial Parliament 
 itself, except during times of revolution. Our Scotch Church in 
 Canada is a body whose existence is recognised by Imperial 
 Statutes, and whose rights are acknowledged not only b}'^ the 
 same Statutes, but by the most solemn engagements on the part of 
 the State : her organization and property, moreover, being not 
 confined to one Province, but extended over the whole of British 
 America. Her rights she has done nothing to forfeit, and she ex- 
 isted as a corporation under the protection of the law, and no 
 Parliament in the Dominion had a right to destroy that protection 
 and seize her property in face of her solemn protest Much less 
 right had the Local Legislatures, whose powers are limited to 
 deal " only with matters of a merely local nature," to overstep 
 their bounds and deal with this ecclesiastical organization lying 
 beyond their province, and general to all British America. Even 
 looking at the matter in a purely legal light : such legislation is 
 vain, invalid, null, and void. It is true a number of her profess- 
 ing members sought her destruction, but these were only traitors, 
 false to their vows. She was still rightly represented by her true 
 members who remained in her, adhering to their principles. What 
 the Legislatures had then to do was to protect her, and even sepa- 
 rate congregations, as far as possible, as former Canadian Legis- 
 latures had done in similar cases. The present Government did 
 nothing of the sort, but allowed the blood-hounds of prey to rush 
 upon her in full cry as if she had no rights at all ! 
 
 And as regards the interpretation of Church law, look at the just 
 8 
 
34 
 
 \h 
 
 decisions of the Supreme Court of Scotland. Take, for example, 
 the Kirkintilloch and Thurso cases. Lords Moncrietf and Wood 
 passed judgment that even the anialleM minority of a eongrej^a- 
 Lion aSuiHrnj lo llwi,' principleH, could keep their church property 
 and refuse to unite with any other body. How unlike the out- 
 rageous laws of Oritism, wliich give our Church property to those 
 who have trampled their principleH under their feet, and have now 
 no principles at all ! ('ertain we are that the just and lu^nour- 
 able Motherland would never have wronged us as we have been, 
 and will not sanction it. Nor do we believe that the late Cana- 
 dian Government would have made the Confederation Act a 
 handle to rob poor people of their property, ruin them with ex- 
 orbitant law expenses, and drive them fronk their churches 
 without mercy. 
 
 Talk of persecution ! We have now Presbyterian persecution 
 with a vengeance ! Let canting " Unionists" beware of preaching 
 on Catholic persecution or the Eighth Command, while they 
 themselves would exterminate Kirk-people with fire and sword, 
 and steal wholesale the properties of ministers and people ! For 
 my own part I do not mind losing my church — I am proud to 
 suffer for the Church of Scotland — but I am giieved to see my 
 people sutler. 
 
 Now we must combine our strength, fight for the Kirk, and 
 God defend the right. We appeal to Heaven as to the justness of 
 our cause, and have therefore wie utmost confidence of its success. 
 Shoulder to shoulder let us fight together, raise the supplies, and 
 prosecute the case with vigour. And I call not only on our own 
 congregations and people, but on all Christians, Protestant and 
 Catholic, on all free British subjects to aid us, for our cause affects 
 the interests of the whole community. 
 
 And ye especially whose hi-;',i8 are hung on the willows, c^s ye 
 gaze on the ruins of Zion 8a.l chink of the first temple, the hal- 
 lowed scenes of the land whe e you worshipped " neath the vine 
 and fig-tree " with those so loved — sweet memories never to die, 
 the oasis in life's desert which is ever green — though the sad re- 
 membrance brings floods of tears from your eyes, yet weep not, 
 God is our refuge. Oui' Zion spreadeth out her hands to Him, He 
 will comfort her and " turn again her captivity as streams in the 
 south." " The Lord will do great things for us, whereof we are 
 glad." Our afflictions have been great, " our walls broken down, 
 and our gates burned," so, like Nehemiah, we may well " weep 
 and mourn," and pray to God ; but like him, " let us build 
 up our walls," gird on our armour and fear not our enemies. 
 
 Let us all strive to repair the bulwarks of Zion. Rejoice that 
 her trials are her blessings, having cast out all her traitors. She 
 has come out of the furnace like gold seven times purified, all 
 the dross purged ofi: Rejoice that though weakened, her organiza- 
 
 
8S 
 
 
 i J 
 
 tion of Synods and Presbyteries is still complete, and gathering 
 strength daily. Her different suits to recover her property are 
 
 Srogressing favourably. Be patient and persevering then for the 
 ay of our deliverance is at hand. Ye who are her true sons 
 whether of Scotland, Ireland, or Canada, contend valiantly for the 
 faith of your fathers. Now that she is in affliction, show your- 
 selves true Israelites by " renKiuibering Zion." Come to her aid 
 ye who are clothed with the honours of age — come to the fore- 
 front of the battlo ye who are young and strong — show your- 
 selves worthy of your sires, and with vigorous grasp, bear aloft the 
 banner which your fathers bore before you. 
 
 Build up the walls every man with his sword on his thigh — 
 work " till the night be gone, and from the rising of the morning 
 till the stars appear " ; rest not till the temple is rebuilt, and the 
 top-stone arise with " grace " to it. Rest Jiot till the gigantic 
 system of oppression be swept away — till every act of tyranny be 
 cancelled, and religious freedom restored to Canada. Rouse public 
 indignation everywhere. Send the story of your wrongs far across 
 the Atlantic— send it up the hills and glens of Scotland, till, like 
 the Fire Cross of old, it rouse the clans, and soldiers of the Cross 
 flock to our relief. Publish it far and wide, through every parish 
 in Scotland, that their collections raised to promote their Cimrch 
 abroad, are now transferred to her enemies and employed to per- 
 secute us. Tell Scotland that her best men in Canada, her steady, 
 industrious sons who were the very pioneers of the country, and, 
 in clearing the forests, bore the heat and burden of the day, and 
 made Canada really what she is — and who, out of their hard-won 
 earnings, reared Houses of God where they might enjoy one bless- 
 ing — that of worshipping Him according to the sound doctrines 
 of their national Kirk — teli Scotland that these venerable men, 
 whose heads are now whitened with the snows of many winters, 
 are now ruthlessly driven out of them, to worship in the woods 
 and wilds — ^their churches seized by alions — their trustees and 
 ministers interdicted (as in the times of Clavers' persecution) from 
 using the said churches, under the heaviest penalties, and the be- 
 loved Kirk of the Martyrs placed under ban and proscription — 
 tell this, I say, far and wide over the land of the brave and the 
 free, and, I think, the ears of Britain will tingle when she hears 
 of it! 
 
 Undoubtedly Great Britain will demand an answer to the ques- 
 tion: What is the cause of this persecution? Are the Scotch Church 
 people rebels, that Canadian Governments have consficated their 
 property ? Are they not, on the contrary, the most loyal of Her 
 Majesty's subjects, and has not their Church been for generations 
 the greatest blessing to the colony. And is this the Church, 
 Canada's best friend, and with so many claims to her regard, that 
 by obnoxious acts, her Legislatures have devastated, raising in her 
 
36 
 
 stead a spurious Presbyterianism, Canada's greatest foe ? Let the 
 case then be carried to Great Britain without delay, and we shall 
 then see ^vhat right Provincial Legislatures have to annul Imperial 
 Charters, confiscate our property, and overturn an Established 
 Church recognised by Imperial authority. Surely the day is at 
 hand when the treacherous Edomites and Baoylonians, w ho con- 
 spired to overthrow us, will be rewarded as they have served us. 
 They who reioice to see our ministers and people ejected from 
 their churches, ordinances suspended, and penalties to the amount 
 of hundreds of thousands of dollars hanging over their heads, will 
 soon themselves be turned out of the churches they have so sur- 
 reptitiously usurped. God is witnesft how cruelly we have been 
 wronged in the matter, and we trust in Him that he will make 
 all I'ight. We have faith in British justice that this wrong will 
 be righted. W.. can safely entrust the matter to England's Privy 
 Council who will do what is right and just. 
 
 Meanwhile we can afford to wait till the day of retribution 
 dawn, till the confiscation Acts are upset, and our rights and 
 privileges and possessions are restored. And when that day — not 
 far distant — dawns, what an overturning there will be of our foes. 
 How speedily they will require to disgorge their ill-gotten gain, 
 restore the spoils of our plundered Church, and lament their de- 
 graded position. As for our beloved Zion, endeared to our hearts 
 more and more by reason of her persecutions and trials, there 
 is no fear for her. Founded on the Rock of Ages, and protected 
 by her Divine Master, the united efforts of her assailants, even the 
 gates of hell, cannot prevail against her. All the assaults of her 
 enemies cannot overthrow her bulwarks of salvation, and her gates 
 of praise. All the malice of her foes cannot prevent her re-appear- 
 ing radiant in the splendour of her primitive glory ! Yes, under 
 God's blessing there is yet a bright and glorious future before her 
 in Canada, when she will shine forth " fair as the moon, clear as 
 the sun, and terrible as an army with banners." To promote tho 
 cause of her Divine Master has ever been her aim, even as she 
 has ever borne the most emphatic testimony to His Headship and 
 Supremacy. And when the storm through which she has passed 
 is hushed into a calm, and the moral atmosphere again cleared, 
 there is no doubt she will lead the van, as she was wont, in bear- 
 ing the Banner of the Cross over this Western Continent, gather- 
 ing into the fold of the Great Shepherd at once the Aboriginal 
 heathen and the many thousands of her children in Canada. 
 
37 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 . The only other ministers of the Scotch Church in P. E. Island 
 were Messrs. Alexander McLean, Thomas Duncan, and Peter Mel- 
 ville, all of whom went over in a body to the unionists, and, along 
 with Messrs. W. McMillan and John Campbell, Nova Scotia, were 
 chief among the traitors of the Church of Scotland in the Lower 
 Provinces. Chief among the traitors in the Upper Provinces, 
 were Messrs. R. Campbell, J. C. Smith, J. Seiveright, Camelon and 
 Wilkins. These ten, along with others, are now degraded fiom 
 the position of Church of Scotland ministers. 
 
 ' t. 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 It v/ill hardly be credited that the union ministers periodically 
 draw salaries fro.Ti the funds of the Scotch Church, and sign them- 
 selves Church of Scotland ministers. Is not this obtaining money 
 on false pretences ? • 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 The Landmark of April, referring to the numerical strength 
 of the Scotch Church in the Lower Provinces, says : — The follow- 
 ing letter appears in the Monthly Record of the Church of Scot- 
 land, in Nova Scotia : — " I wish to direc* your attention to the 
 Report of the Colonial Committee of the Church of Scotlandj 
 published in the November No. of the Monthly Record of that 
 Church, which contains these words : ' The union of the Presby- 
 terians in the Dominion of Canada has at length taken place. A 
 very large majf)rity have concuri-ed in it, but a few of the bretliren 
 connected with the Church of Scotland in the Dominion of Can- 
 ada have declined to join the union.' The first question that will 
 occur to the readers of the above quoted passage, is to ask : Is it 
 really true, that only a few of the former adherents of the Church 
 of Scotland have declined to join in the union ? And the second 
 question naturally is : Whence does the Colonial Committee de- 
 rive its information ? In a mntter of such vast importance to the 
 adherents of the Church of Scotland, both lay and clerical, in the 
 Dominion of Canada, surely there ought to be an authoritative 
 source somewhere, through which the Colonial Committee should 
 

 38 
 
 constantly be apprised of the real and true state of things here, 
 with respect to the late union. The Presbytery of Picton, if they 
 only avail themselves of it, have abundance of material in their 
 hands to show the Colonial Committee that the statement in the 
 report is not correct, especially with regard to the Maritime Pro- 
 vinces. It is not the ' few ' but the ' many,' not the minority, but 
 the large majority, who have declined to join the union. To show 
 that this is true, I beg to direct att: >ition to the following undeni- 
 able facts : 
 
 " Take Nova Scotia proper — and it is to be borne in mind in this 
 connection, that the first Synod formed in connection with the 
 Church of Scotland in British North America was that of Nova 
 Scotia and P. E. Island ; the rest followed. In Nova Scotia pro- 
 per, before the late union took place, there were eighteen congre- 
 gations in connection with the Church of Scotland. Of these, 
 six only have joined the union, twelve declining to do so, and 
 assuming, if you like, that all the membership in these six congre- 
 gations were heartily for the union — an assum.ption which is '^'M' 
 from being true, for we have the significant fact, that althouj. 
 the union has been consummated two years ago, and an Act of the 
 Legislature has been passed to enable congregations wishing to join 
 in the union, by a vote of two-thirds of the pew-owners, to carry 
 the temporalities of the congregation with them — yet to this day 
 not one of the seceding congregation^ has venturer' to bring the 
 question before their people, a decisive proof that the leaders know 
 the congregations are far from being unanimous in the matter of 
 union. But admitting they were unanimous, and that all the 
 membership had heartily joined it — what then ? Just this — that 
 one-third of the congregations entered into the union, two-thirds 
 declined to join, and if the population connected with the eighteen 
 congregations be counted, which can be easily done, it shall then 
 be found that more than three-fourths of the people in Nova Scotia 
 proper have declined to join the union. Not the few, but the 
 many — not the minority , but an overwhelming majority. In the 
 island of Cape Breton, altiiongh the Church of Scotland had no 
 clergymen settled there at the time the union question had been 
 agitated, nevertheless the adherents of the Church of Scotland 
 there have almost to a man declined joining the union, and do de- 
 clinc. True, the Halifax Witness, ' a notoriously unreliabb au- 
 thority in such matters,' says that the congregation at Broad Cove 
 has joined the union ananimously. Later intelligence from there, 
 however, has shown the Witness statement to be largely untrue ; 
 the people of Broad Cove have not joined the union. A hole 
 and comer meeting was got up to serve a ceitain purpose, to 
 which a few friends were invited, and of course unanimous votes 
 for union were readily passed. Crossing now the strait to P. E. 
 Island, we see that the adherents of the Church of Scotland there 
 
! 
 
 39 ' 
 
 had no sympathy in general with the union movement. There 
 
 the unionists are in a miserable minority compared with the 
 
 McDonaldites owning some twenty-six places of worship, and 
 
 who, to a man. positively refused joining in the union. In P. E. 
 
 Island it is not the few but the many — not the minority but the 
 
 large mnjority, that have declined joining in the union. Rev. 'Iji 
 
 Mr. Goodwill must have not fewer than 5,0G<) souls in his Scotch 
 
 cure, and they too would be benefited by an additional number of 
 
 ministers. Meanwhile, our ' good- will ' is heartily offered to them 
 
 and theirs — long may they remain loyal to the good old Church 
 
 of their iathers ! " 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 N'^thing can better illustrate the dishonourable dealing of 
 the unionist faction which left the Kirk than the attempt made 
 by Mr. Robert Campbell, occupant of St. Gabriel's pulpit, Mon- 
 treal, to destroy the Scottish Missions in that city. The facts are 
 thus given in the Landmark of June, 1876 : — 
 
 " East End Mission, Montreal. — Mr. Campbell was well 
 aware of the circumstances by which the charge of St. Gabriel's 
 Church was open to him. He knew that it was only because we 
 were in connection with the Church of Scotland that we could 
 claim possession of the building, and that it was only because he 
 was a minister of our church that he was eligible to accept th^ 
 call. He entered upon the work with the perfect knowledge that 
 he was to promote the interests of the Church in connection with 
 the Church of Scotland. 
 
 " But there are some very extraordinary things done in the 
 name of religion. Under the circumstances, it might have ap- 
 peared to be the duty of Mr. Campbell, when his views under- 
 went a change, to have honourably resigned hi? charge. But he 
 was scarcely warm in his seat till he lent himself as an instrument 
 in the hands of those who had set themselves to complete the 
 schism of 1844 — a schism in which they themselves would have 
 parthipp.ted, but for reasons little creditable to them. Among 
 men of business, the course to be followed would never for a 
 moment have been doubtful. If they felt that they could no 
 longer carry out their engagements, they would plainly have said 
 so, and sought employment elsewhere. But religion is made the 
 cover- for a good many questionable transactions. 
 
 " In June, 1875, the march from the Synod of our Church took 
 place, and at a very early date thereafter Mr. Campbell allowed his 
 secret thoughts to become visible. St. Andrew's Church had for 
 soine years been engaged in missionary operations in the east end 
 
 '<l \i 
 
40 
 
 It' ' 
 
 Ft 
 
 i 
 
 of Montreal. It was supported by the Kirk Session and the 
 Yc'ing Men's Associa ion and the Young Women's Association^ 
 the latter having contributed no less a sum than $3,122.98, The 
 Mission was doing a good work — gathering in many, spreading 
 the knowledge of the gospel, and, there is reason to believe, saving 
 souls. But there were two very serious objections to its continued 
 existence : it was not under the control of Mr. Robert Campbell, 
 of St. Gabriel's Church ; and it "vas connected with St. Andrew's 
 Church, of which the Rev. G. L — g. is pastor. Either of these 
 considerations would have been sufficient to have warranted its 
 destruction, which became an imperative duty. 
 
 " Every effort was made to break up the East End Mission ; over- 
 tures were made to the missionary to violate his engagement ; 
 stories were ci ^i^lated that St. Andrew's Church had given up 
 the field ; petit, i , re prepared and carried round for signature 
 among the worship 3, to be presented to the Presbyt( ry of the 
 new body, asking to be taken under their charge, and by a tissue 
 of misrepresentations — a shorter and more emphatic word might 
 be justly used — a certain small number of signatures was ob- 
 tained The Scotch Mission services were conducted 
 
 in a Methodist Church in Panet Street, rented by St. Andrew's 
 Session. To obtain possession of this was the next step, and this 
 was taken by Mr. Jas. Croil, formerly the agent of our Church, 
 but now one of its bitterest enemies. He wrote to the gentleman 
 who acts for the Trustees of the Church, desiring its use for the 
 new sect. Up till that moment the Kirk Session of St. Andrew's 
 had been ignorant of the plot, so completely had it been con- 
 cealed from those most interested, and the sending of this letter 
 to Mr. L — g. by the gentleman who received it, was the first inti- 
 mation of the plan. But the two gentlemen were not to be dis- 
 concerted at their failing to obtain possession of its Church. Mr. 
 Robert Campbell had another scheme in view ; he proposed to ex- 
 change pulpits with the Missionary. To prepare for his appear- 
 ance in the evening, the following paper so economical of truth 
 was widely circulated. Observe, no change was made in the oc- 
 cupancy of the Church — it ' had vxjt been let to other parties,' 
 — and Mr. Campbell knew this when he penned the words we 
 italicise. 
 
 " ' The Panet Street Methodist Church having been let to other 
 parties, arrangements are now in progress f jr procuriiig necessary 
 accommodation elsewhere for Presbyterians resident in the dis- 
 trict, to which the Sabbath School and Mission will be removed,. 
 
 &c., &c. 
 
 '"Robert Campbell, 
 " ' Convener Preshy's. Home Mission Committee. 
 " 'Montreal, April 29th, 1876.' 
 
4)1 
 
 " What Mr. Campbell would have told the people in the evening,, 
 is lost to the world. But it is probably among the things we 
 would willingly let die. With the spirit shown in the above pro- 
 duction ; with the determination exhibited to ctick at nothing, 
 so that his purposes could be effected, we can readily imagine 
 that he would not be rigidly exact in his statements But (to 
 the dismay of Robert Campbell !) the Rev. G. L — g. h'.mself 
 officiated, and told the people what had been discovered I On the 
 6th May, Mr. Campbell, writing to the Missionary, makes use of 
 terms of coarse vituperation concerning Mr. L — g, that we will 
 not repeat, and announces that he intends to advertise that the 
 Mission services and Sabbath School will be removed to other 
 premises. Though St. Andrew's Church had no intention of with- 
 drawing from the field, Mr. Campbell commences an avowedly 
 hostile Mission. The advertisement in the Montreal papers is as 
 follows : — 
 
 '"East End Presbyterian Mission. The Sabbath School and 
 Mission uiill be removed from the Panet Street Methodist Church 
 to-morrow ! Service to be conducted by Rev. J. Jones, czc' 
 
 " And a similar advertisement is inserted on Saturday, with the 
 diliberate intention of deceiving and of conveying as try£ what 
 is absolutely and entirely false. But Mr. Campbell does not 
 hesitate at anything. His attempt to get possession of the har- 
 monium, pulpit, reading desk, chairs, stoves and illuminated 
 cards on the wall, belonging to the Mission, is only to be equalled 
 by the doings of Marshal Soult, whose habit of finding articles of 
 value, paintings, works of art, &c., in churches convents and 
 palaces, was so well known over the Continent oj. Europe. The 
 order, like the commands of all great men, is in words brief, stern 
 and decisive, a brevity, unfortunately, not always characteristic 
 of Mr. Campbell. 
 
 " The order runs thus, the list of articles being left out. 
 
 "'To Mrs. Bruce, : 
 
 " ' In charge of the Methodist Church, Panet Street.' 
 
 '' (There is no madam, or other mark of courtesy; it is too seri- 
 ous a moment for any time to be wasted on politeness, the order 
 rushes on) : 
 
 " ' As appointed by the Sabbath School Association, with two 
 other gentlemen, to look after the property of the Association 
 presently in the Panet Street Church, I require you to delivor up 
 to the bearer the following articles, which were removed from the 
 Mission House in Craig Street to Panet Street, 
 
 " ' This will be your authority for delivering up the same, 
 
 '"Robert Campbell, 
 " ' Minister of St. Gabriel's Church.' 
 
42 
 
 " We can picture the reverend gentleman as he despatches the 
 order, and waits for the return of the messenger. It is told of 
 Soult that he used to say of one particular painting that hung on 
 the walls of his palace, that he always looked at it with pride, as 
 it had saved the lives of several worthy monks in Spain, the rea- 
 son being, as was discovered, that it was only given up by them 
 to save themselves from being shot. Mr. Campbell will not have 
 the opportunity of saying so in presence of the illuminated cards, 
 as he did not get them. 
 
 " In order to bring the whole matter before the ecclesiastieal 
 authorities, under whom Mr. Campbell placed himself in June last, 
 the Kirk Session of St. Andrew's have presented a remonstrance 
 to the Montreal Presbytery of the Canada Church. When Mr. 
 Campbell presented the petition he had himself inspired, if not 
 prepared, the Presbytery stipulated that effect should be given to 
 it only if St. Andrew's was relinquishing the mission. The 
 remonstrance will show the Presbytery what use ha" been made 
 of that conditional resolution, and we trust the facts may be made 
 as public as possible, that such discreditable conduct may be fully 
 exposed. 
 
 " We have gone at length into this matter because it is a fair in- 
 stance of the means resorted to by the unscrupulous men who 
 conducted the crusade against our Church, whilst professing to be 
 members, and are continuing it now that they have left us. If 
 our expressions are strong they are more than justified by the acts 
 on which we have to comment. If the conduct we have exposed 
 were attempted in ordinary life, the men guilty of it would be 
 sent to Coventry ; and we do not believe that men should be 
 judged by two weights and measures." 
 
 Among many other instances of the base means resorted to by 
 the "Union" faction to injure our ministers and Church may also 
 be noticed that of Mr. J. C. Smith, of Hamilton, whose advice 
 to the congregation of the Scotch minister there was to " lock 
 him out of his church," thus depriving him and his family of their 
 living, as fully noticed in the Hamilton Spectator, July 1375. 
 
 The animus manifested by the traitor ministers towards the 
 Kirk of which unfortunately they were once office-bearers is, how- 
 ever, best illustrated in a story told me on my visit to Prince Ed- 
 ward Island. It was told me by one of my hearers there, who for 
 forty years has been a farmer in the Island, and is universally es- 
 teemed. He said he was in great distress over the desolation of the 
 Kirk, the Presbytery of the Island having gone over in a body to the 
 " Union," leaving the people to shift for themselves. He determined 
 at last to consult with Mr.Thos. Duncan, " Union" parson at Char- 
 lottetown, especially as some members of the Colonial Committee 
 had just been there consulting together, and he naturally thought 
 
43 
 
 some Christian advice might be expected. As he had been most inti- 
 mate with Mr. Duncan as a Scotch minister (or twenty years, and 
 helped even to bui ' his church, he expected a kind Christian re- 
 ception. He wer.t to Charlottetown and called at the Scotch 
 manse, and said, " Mr. Duncan, what shall we do now, seeing that 
 we have no Presbytery now — what shall we do for supply for our 
 pulpit ? " The reply of Mr. Duncan was " You can go and Jiang 
 yourself! " 
 
 'iu 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 The following notices appeared among others of the pamphlets 
 I published in defence of the Kirk. From the London Evening 
 Hearld of May 20th, 1876. 
 
 " The persecution of the Scotch Church by Canadian Legisla- 
 tures " is the title of a powerful pamphlet that has just been writ- 
 ten by a Bayfield clergyman. It relates to the recent acts of Par- 
 liament, notably Mowat's of June last, which seem to have for 
 their object the spoliation of the Scotch Kirk. The pamphlet 
 taKes the shape of a letter to the English Privy Council. It is 
 vigorously written and powerfully argued from the writer's stand- 
 point. It is not our puropse to enter into the merits of the con- 
 test between the Unionists and anti-Unionists. It is a matter 
 that should have been decided without Acts of Parliament. If 
 many of the adherents of the Old Kirk are actuated by the same 
 spirit that breathes out in every line of the pamphlet under con- 
 sideration, the union of the two bodies does not promise much 
 harmony." 
 
 From the Landmark of June, 1876 : 
 
 " We have received a copy of a pamphlet published at the office 
 of the Huron Expositor, Seaforth, Ontario, entitled, " Persecution 
 of the Scotch Church." It is written with vigour, occasionally 
 with rather too much. . . . . The most unfair character 
 of the Union Acts is clearly pointed out, and the clause whir h 
 keeps up perpetual doubt and distraction in congregations which 
 . still remain faithful to their church, is very forcibly painted. 
 " It provides for the continual filling up of the Union ranks at the 
 " expense of the Kirk, and the continual pulling down of the Kirk 
 " without the possibility of restoration. It provides that in all 
 " time coming, Scotch Church people shall be in dread of its con- 
 
44 
 
 ** sequences, that if, by any means, fair or foul, Unionism steals 
 " into a Scotch congregation, and Union sympathisers at length 
 " outnumber the true Scotch members, they can still hand over 
 " such Scotch Church to the Union ; but no such provision exists 
 " in favour of the Kirk, of allowing a Union congregation to vote 
 " itself back again to the Church of Scotland." Other clauses 
 are taken up, and the very disgraceful scenes enacted by the se- 
 ceders are touched upon with severity, " 
 
 The same number of the Landmark says : 
 
 " Bayfield. — On Monday, 3rd ulto., a deputation of the Scotch 
 Church, Bayfield, paid a visit to their minister, the Rev. Mr. Mof- 
 fat. Miss Wilson, of Stanley, read an address on behalf of the 
 ladies, thanking Mr. Moffat for his defence of the ' Church of their 
 Fathers,' and his disinterested exertions to promote the welfare of 
 the Scotch congregations of Bayfield and Varna, requesting him to 
 except an elegantly wrought plaid scarf which they had made for 
 him as a token of their appreciation of his services.. Mr. Moffat 
 expressed himself highly gratified by such sentiments of the es- 
 teem of the ladies of his congregation, and by the very handsome 
 gift they had presented to him, and assured them that he had no 
 greater pleasure on earth than to defend the ' Church of their 
 Fathers,' and promote in particular the cause and welfare of the 
 Scotch Churches of Bayfield and Varna." 
 
 From the Edinburgh Gourant of June 28th, 1876, copied into 
 the London " Free Press." 
 
 " There has been a union movement going on for some time in 
 the Province of Ontario, about which our Pan-Presbyte 'in visit- 
 ors did not tell us quite so much as they might have done at their 
 late conference. Reference was made to Canada as one of the 
 privileged countries in which all the divided Presbyterian flocks 
 had been gathered anew into one fold. It was left to be infeired 
 that this had been a spontaneous and pure)y spiritual operation. 
 We were encouraged also to hope and believe that the Church was 
 to gather strength from the happy re-union of its several mem- 
 bers. Later accounts from Ontario do not bear out the congiatu- 
 lations which the Pan-Presbyterian delegates exchanged with each 
 other on this subject. The union is now alleged to have been of 
 the kind which sacrifices spirit to appearances. Far from having 
 introduced unity and peace into the Church, it has yielded an 
 abundant crop of heartburning and litigation. It turns out, as 
 far as the Church of Scotland is concerned, to have been a dis- 
 establishment coup d'Stat Ontario, though rather backward politi- 
 cally, is far enough advanced ecclesiastically to possess Rayites. 
 They are, it is to be feared, a rather strong party, and there can 
 be no question whatever as to their audacity. They have some 
 . pliant tools in the Provincial Legislature, and last year a Unionist 
 
45 
 
 \ 
 
 measure, adroitly framed in their interest, was smuggled through 
 in the teeth of such opposition as the Church of Scotland party 
 had time to form against it. The Mowat Act was perfectly ex- 
 plicit in its provisions. It allowed Presbyterio,n congregations 
 six months in which to decide formally whether or not they 
 should join- the Unionist communion. This was to be done by a 
 plebiscite, the rules for which, like Canadian electoral laws in 
 general, were not too stringent to prevent an active minority 
 working up a vote in their own favour. In the event of no vote 
 being taken, it was to be legally assumed that the congregation 
 tacitly assented to its absorption in the union ranks. Most of the 
 Church of Scotland congregations being, from various sources, 
 well endowed, the amalgamation became in practice a dissenting 
 scramble for confiscated property. It is alleged that facilities 
 were afforded by the Act for unionists outside the Church forcing 
 admission, and leaguing themselves with those within for the over- 
 throw of anti-Unionist majorities. Acts not only of sharpness, 
 but of outright violence are said to have been committed in con- 
 nection with several plebiscites. When the Unionists succeeded 
 no quarter was given to the defeated opposition ; when they failed 
 they appealed to the civil magistrate to give them the property of 
 whiqh they had just before been trying to deprive their brethren 
 who differed from them. The Ontarian Courts are full of litiga- 
 tion arising out of the Mowat Act, which was to have caused peace 
 and good- will among Ontario Presbyterians. The Dominion Legis- 
 lature has been made an indirect party to the conflict by its Act 
 for constituting a local Supreme Court, with a view to debarring 
 appeals to the Privy Council. It is hardly credible, however, that 
 such a stretch of judicial independence should be recognised by 
 the Imperial Government, and the victims of the Mowat law will 
 no doubt, in due time, obtain a hearing from the Judicial Com- 
 mittee at Whitehall. 
 
 As a form of disestablishment, this Ontario movement is theo- 
 retically and practically interesting. The Provincial Legislature 
 is charged with having acted ultra vires in its interference with 
 the property of a religious community which had given no cause 
 of offence to any one. The Church of Scotland, existing in 
 Ontario as a corporation, was under the protection of the law. It 
 possessed rights which nothing had been done to forfeit, or even 
 impair. It is not pretended that the members of the Church, or any 
 considerable portion of them, invited the interference of the Legis- 
 lature. It would be monstrous to pretend that they coveted the 
 confiscation of their endowments and revenues. Even had there 
 been a portion of the Church led away by Unionist wiles, every 
 particular congregation was entitled to act, in a grave matter of 
 this kind for itself. What the Ontario Legislature had to do first 
 of all was to protect the rights of individual congregations, and. 
 
46 
 
 If- 
 
 as far as possible, of individual members. It did nothing of the 
 sort, or at least not more than the Free Church and Reformed 
 Presbyterian diplomatists thought it necessary to do in consuni- 
 inating their forced union of a few weeks back. The gross un- 
 fairness and laxity of the Mowat Act, resulted in several scandalous 
 plebiscites. Frequently the votes had to be taken under the 
 direction of strongly biassed Presbyteiies, who did all they could 
 to brow-beat th(^ anti-Unionists. The female communicants were 
 always a convenient handle for quibbling and sharp practice. 
 When they happened to have carried a Unionist vote, it was right 
 enough in law as well as in go3pel ; but when they were on the 
 other side, good reasons could always be found for disqualifying 
 them. An anti-Unionist majority might be upset in one parish 
 because it included female votes, and in another for the converse 
 reason that it had excluded them. In Ontario, it is evidently the 
 Voluntaries who are on the best terms with the civil magistrate, 
 and tbey are not restrained by any sense of inconsistency from 
 making use of him. Even in his most dubious transatlantic form 
 of lynch law, he was not repudiated. Ontario Unionists mobbed 
 churches which they apprehended might go against them. Terror- 
 ism was as rampant in some places as at a municipal election ; 
 and if zealous agents did not go the length of stuffing ballot boxes, 
 it may have been due either to the absence of boxes, or lack of 
 electioneering experience. There was an unmistakable willing- 
 ness of spirit to strain points, and large ones too, in favour of 
 union. Over thirty congregations, which voted either unanimonsly 
 or by large niajot ioies against union, were entangled in a bitter 
 cdhiiict^ first with their Presbyteries and then with the law courts. 
 Some of them had their meetings broken up. In others the 
 majority was swamped by an invasion of Unionist votes, the 
 validity of which was subsequently challenged in vain. 
 
 A statement addressed to the Privy Council by one of the 
 Scotch ministers who has been transformed cgainst his will into 
 a Pan-Presbjiierian, details numerous cases in which congrega- 
 tional liberty was flagrantly violated. The writer might have 
 strengthened his plea by exercising greater judicial calmness; 
 but the disclosures he makes have no claim to very tender hand- 
 ling. As two of the worst cases, he mentions the congregations 
 of London and Bayfield : — " In the former, the Scotch Church, by 
 an overwhelming majority, decided three times to remain true to 
 the Kirk of Scotland, and even by the oppressive Mowat Act was 
 therefore entitled to hold its property. What follows? The per- 
 secuting Unionists raise a chancery suit agaiRst the congregation, 
 expensive litigations are carried on in order to ruin it, and a 
 Chancellor's decision at last expels from their own church, the 
 whole Scotch congregation; interdicts the trustees under penalties 
 of forty thousand dollars, or ten thousand dollars each, from using 
 
47 
 
 f 
 
 the building for behoof of said Scotch congregation ; and la.stly, 
 debars the Scotch minister, lawfully appointed to preach in it, 
 from preaching again the gospel of Christ in said Scotch church 
 to the said Sccjttish audience, under another penalty of ten thou- 
 sand dollars, or fifty thousand dollars in all." 
 
 Regarding I3ayfield, the reverend appellant says : " Here eveiy- 
 thing was conducted in the strictest accordance with law, both 
 ecclesiastical and civil, and even more strictly than has been the 
 case at London. None but male communicants were allowed to 
 vote, though the meeting was disturbed by Unionist intruders, 
 who demanded the contrary. The presiding magistrate declared 
 the Church of Scotland had the majority by a lawful and fair vote 
 yet, the first Sabbath after, the church was taken by the Unionists; 
 by brute force, in violation of every right and law. This outrage 
 was sanctioned by the Huron Presbytery (Unionist) ; and, though 
 the Scotch Church was entitled in law to the property, that Pres- 
 bytery, in the most unjust and oppressive manner, encouraged 
 the defeated handful of Unionists tp try the case in law. Ex- 
 pensive litigations have been the consequence, which, though they 
 have not a shadow of a ground of law to go upon, are yet carried 
 on in order to ruin and impoverish the Scotch pai-ty, and ultima- 
 tely drive them into union." Edinburgh, of course, is highly 
 honoured in having been selected as a pioneer of Pan-Presbyterian 
 union; but it is clearly not here that the Pan-Presbyterians should 
 look for their work. There inaugural conference ought to be 
 held in the Province of Ontario. There they might appropriately 
 resolve to have the Mowat Act incorporoted among the standards 
 of the Pan-Presbyterian Church. By its fruits they are pretty 
 sure to know it ; but we can inform them beforehand how it looks 
 from a Church of Scotland point of view. According to the Bay- 
 field minister's address to the Privy Council, " the entire property 
 of the Church of Scotland in Ontario, real and personal, to the 
 value of millions, was, on the loth of June, 1875, confiscated to 
 the use of a new and hostile sect, her temporalities parted among 
 strangers, her churches, manses, and lands, and her very colleges 
 seized, and even her widows and orphans robbed of their rightful 
 funds by the same locust army of Unionists. Funds, donations, 
 and grants, property of every description, from imperial gifts 
 down to the last dollar of the working-men's collections, every 
 green leaf, is devoured by the Union legion of grasshoppers." 
 
 A SIGNAL DEFEAT. 
 
 It will be gmtifying to my readers to know that, amid the whole 
 sale seizure and spoliation of our Church's property by the grasp- 
 
48 
 
 ing unionists, 1 had the good fortune to preserve for her use the 
 bequest of the late Rev. Mr. Stewart, (ireat were the efforts made 
 by the unionist faction in the Lower Provincesi both tlie treach- 
 erous Island Presbytery, and also the Maritime Synod, to have the 
 contwl of it. T allowed them all to do their utmost — they did 
 so, and unstained a c<ymylete defeat. The will of Mr. Stewart was 
 found to have been regularly and legally made by him a consider- 
 able time before his death, and could not be brf)ken; and I continue 
 now, as always, undispu<^ed manager of it, with full power to use 
 it as I shall think proper for the promotion of the Church of Scot- 
 land. During a former visit to my friends in Prince Edward Is- 
 land, I had the melancholy satisfaction of erecting a tombstone to 
 the memory of my (!steemed friend, the deceased Testator. As 
 he was distinguished as a Latin scholar, i thought it appropriate 
 to write the epitaph in that language. It is thus noticed in a 
 P rince Edward Island newspaper : 
 
 " The late Rev. Mr. Stewart, of the Sootch Church, P. E. 
 Island. — A handsome marble tombstone, with an iron railing 
 round th<^ grave, has been erected in St. Columba's Churchyard, 
 near ( harlettetown, to the memory of the late Rev. G. W. StewrH, 
 of the Scotch Church, by his friend and executor, the Fev. / 
 Moffat , Minister of the Church of Scotland in Ontario, 
 tombstone bears the following inscription in Roman capitals : — 
 
 in.memoriam. 
 
 REV.GEORGII.V. STEVARTI. 
 
 In.Eccles.Scot. V. D. M. 
 
 Qui.Opere.Evangel.Per.xxv.Anrios. 
 
 In.Scotia.Nova.Scotia.Ac.Princ.Edvardi.Insvla. 
 
 Fideliter. Perfvnctvs.Est. 
 
 " Integer. Vitse.Scelerisqve.Pvrvs." 
 
 Doctrina.Cvm.Sacra.Tvm.Saecvlari. 
 
 Insignis. 
 
 Omnibvs.Bonis.Dilectvs.Est. 
 
 Scotia.Natvs.Hac.in.TnsVla.Obiit. 
 
 xvii.KaJ.Febr.A. S. N. mdccclXxiiii. 
 
 -^tatis.Svse. A. Ixv. 
 
 Illivs.Omne.Qvod.Mortale.Fvit. 
 
 Hic.reqviescit. 
 
 In.Spe.Vitae.-^temse. 
 
 Per.Christvm. 
 
 The inscription, which is after the pur'^st models of the ancient 
 Latin Church, has over it a Cross, surmounted by a Crown, em- 
 blematic of the Christian faith ; while underneath is a Scotch 
 Thistle as the national emblem. The sculptor is Mr. Caims, 
 Charlottetown." — CharloUetown Patriot , Jan. 4th 1876. 
 
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