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Las diagrammas suivants illustrent la m^thodo. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 w^ S' . iMlil , I, ,11, INVliSTICiATIOX COALS OF CANADA WITH IIEFEIIENCE TO THi:il{ ECONOMIC (iUALITJES AS CONDl'CTED AT Mcflll-L UXIVEHSITY, MONTREAL, UNDER THE AUTIIOiaiY OF THE DOMINION (;(>\i;i;\MRvr. rv «1IV vi)i.|'\||;s BY .1. a. PORIKR, KM., D.Sc. A\D R.J. UURLKY, Mv.E. Titi . pi'iiii.i: ('. 1)1, MS, IVS. , i;i>,.u; .-^i.xNsi ii i,ii. M : AMI ,V Sl,\l I 111 SI'l.i-|M. \-..sisi,v\ r^ VOL. II OTT.V \VA aOVEUNME.NT PRI.NTI.XG BURE.VU 1912 PRICK Jl 00 No. 83 j J#*" Tin; (OAI.S OF (AN ADA: AN i:(ON()M|C INVIXIlCAriON VOL II PART V!I lu) I i.i: i! Ti:sis R. J. DURLEY PART VIII CAS i'i{()i)rc i; I! Ti:sTs R. J. DURLEY PART IX WOltK OF Till-; ('II KM ICA I. I, A lU » I! A To It V Edgar Stansfield 0Uj^^j|j{2 lOMESlt^iV TABLE OF CONTENTS \ii| I Mill I'm.i \ II .11,1 l: Tl «l -. I.\ I; I Itiii li-\ \'\ |ii'- III ;iiii|i 1 -, :,ii.| I !iiii .■l||,!iiir\ Ci.al. .iimI |i Miit.'iliilit \ |,.[ -ic.nii Li''ii,.|.iiii|.^ |,iii|„,-,v UiMl<-r lilMKico iirnMli.'ir :iil,-i|il:il.ilil \ h.i vji Mii- , ...•il- UulliT IriiilH, iiliil iIk II 111' III Ic-Iiiil; •i,a\- i:.iiii|.iiii'nl : hrii'i (|i-cii|,iini, ,,i phmi m,,! .iiii.iu.'itii. u-c.l |m| Ixiili'i- I liaU Mnlm,! ,,r roiMJili'lini: N'M- mnl m.ikiti'j ln.;,.i||,.tnriil - : j,,.^ ^in.l I'MJi-iihitiiiMs rm- dill' t liiij Dllli.- ni -iMir. llirllin,! ,,1 |l:,M,|||,m lu.'l ;,|,.| M.illlM- :UhI ■•ls, . l.iiU III lllal uilli iiliTi\aliii|i -I I-, Siiiiiiiiai \ III iili>iT\ al iiiii~ SiiiiilnaiA' III' ir^ults. l>clail> I.I c'al.iijaliiiiis iiivi,|\ri| m tlir ilrlrninnat imi of till' ii-iiltalit (imiii'-i uiM'ii III ill). Miiniiiain- ul ul.- -(•ivalii.|i> ami rc-iilts, . l>rliiaik> mi liiiilfr trials ainl llii'ir n-iiii-. \ aliii' III' I'lial ('■iinjMi.-iliiiii III' ciiaK. •'I'liijili I' ciiaN ulicii li'-i.'ii. < ii'iicral laluilar -lairiiiciil ul icMilt- nl uli..lr -nic- m niah liclati\c mriil III llif niai- rii'alliii'rit ainl lir|ia\ iimi ul i-naj in liir, Ui'liiafkMiii riiaK a- aiian;;ril ucn-iapl.ii-ally l.\ .-..al lii.|i|- Syilncy mal liciij. Caiif Hii.t,,ii ,;,,. \.S. Invciiicss icial lii'l.j. InviTiii -- r,,.. \,S I'irliiii CDal lirjd, I'irliiii cii., NS. S|)iin,L;liill cii.l iclil. CniiilH.ilaliil imi.. \.S. . .Iii;;niris-('liiu),i.cti, cial lirld, ('unil.rilanil c..., N.S. <;ialiil l.akr iiial lirM, N.li. , .•^niiris. |-;(lniiinl..n, ami Hrlly lliv.-r mal lirliU, Sa.kal.-li.-wan ami Allx'ita. . . l-lalik-Hlailino|c cial lirkl. Allicita. <'ri,u>nr-i I'nal lii.|i|, IVC. . Cascaili' ciial licjil. Allicita \ii-(ila \'alli.y cnal lirld, JVC. , . Naiiaiiiiii-('i,nii.\. ami \liTt Kay coal lir|'l>, U.C I'M.i: :{ i:. Is I '.I J I L'fl 32 Mi »(' III '! n 1.". u, t: is ill VI I'uu \ III, '•'- •''••" '■ l"iv 1.^ l;. .1. j),wl..^. ''" I ''"'■'■'^'tHl ll,,.,, ,M,f|„„|.,| U,„kl„.. •'■■'" l'li"l."'T,« lui l.ilinMjiM.ii, liirl- 't:::i ^'- -'"■ --. ....'.'.;■:.. M'''Imh|,,| ||„„.|||t|n ,„.| r/n.i l'l'MI|., '■"- "' '"•'■■ "'III "l-.T\;iiiM„ -In,. I, Suiiiiii.'ii ; 111' ir-iili, ""'"!"'" t'''^"""" """'""' "'""•''""■'"""^"'■■M..,' ""•"-'1'^"" (iui,r..-„M,, ,„ M„. MU :„,,.- .1,1,1,. -'•iv;ilii.ii- all, I iv-iili, "•■"-'-"" ;'M.M"l.:n.,,,,aUa,„|,h,.„, ..-„„.: ,,,, ,,, '"' ,i:;i- pnMliiri.r umk ' ''!"■"""■"•■■""' '■"■"I""". -I. •„aNuh..„„.M,.,| ' iciidal rcsiilu l>iMall\.' iiiiTil 1,1 III,. ,.,,.,!, l;''''-k^..M iiiak as ana„...,l „..„,,,,„„,„, ,,^„„^,,, >\'lii-.v r,,nl|„.|,i.c,,,,„ M,,,„,„ y ^^ "-I '■I'ls \.,s. Iiivi nio.s ami I'irti.ii , ,.a| i, ••^I'lilililiill ami ,li,i;i;iii< ,.,.a| |i,.|,|, \ ^ ImIiI. \.ii •""I 'ilMiiil l.ak,. ' ■';,;-'""i'i>-i- i:'i -":..niiviiviiiv,.,.,.„an,..i,i-, l>:ilik-MI,aiiln,,ir mal |i,.l,|, \|,,, •'l^UMicsl ,.,,a| lii'lil, lie. , •'.'l.-radc r,,al lii'M. \|,a ^''-In \^.II.'V. ami >l„. Nana, „al Iwlil. Hr "'■•" '■M«'lnlMnir . ll, vali.,u>rnaK I "J I "J I".' In; I'l; 110 i i J € VII I'viii :.\. \V..itk Ml nil CiiiMi. \i I MiMiniiiiM l.\ i;,|'. ,r Si;,ii-liil,| lilt liiilllrliiill CullrrliMii :i|ii| I i i-al iiini t ,,{ -;,iii|.|i-- ( '"ill -:iliJ|>li-<, \-ll -:ilii|ilc-, < ''ikl' -.1 llljllc- • i;i- -alii|il( \l llil'l llm 111' -.1 l:l|i||'- ItiTiii.l- ami I'alriilai |i,||> \ll' ill MM;; iiial. ViimImIimI iiM'lliiiil- III, I |,.||\,.,| I, ■Mill- ' ii'lii-lal li'iiialk- N|iil«luii'. lisril ral liuii aliij \ iijat 'li' iiiatli \-li < 'al liiiii ami h\ ■liuui-ii. Siil|)liiir, Nit II mi '11. (':il"li(ir \ali|i' Ml -..||,| lurU, ('Miolitir \ali|r nl a-ll lVr|. n.al ('Mlmilir Xalur i-alcillalri I |V,.„| aiialv-is nf cual. I'lii'l rat ill. <'Mrliiiii-livi|i,,:;i.|i latin, I i;i> anai\-i> '••'^ ■■'' -'" ""li I*'""' ;iiiil V.'.MvliT k;,s aniily^is pa ,.lv . ''"l"ii': vail I' ;;aM'i,i|. Uu'\-. . Cal'i.ilic valiir ralculainj iVmii alialy.-is nl' y,,- All- J.'.JH iiiis ilctciiiiinatidMs i;\|iciiliii-,ii;- (II. the llisiliility III' a>lics Disnis-iun III \M,rl\, . . I.i roal liclil. \'.S. I'ictiiii riial tii'lij, ■ S. . Spriiiyhiil ciiai firjii. X.S .li'y:;rilis-('ln;;iici'tii rual liclil, ,\'.S. l i:i:i i;!l i:it; i:;ii I 10 1 I ■ I i Ml. I'w |.-)ti Vrii \ru l.-.s j.-.s 111! HI.! I lis 173 174 17(i IM ISl ls| isi \s-2 1S2 1S2 1S2 1S2 I Vlll Rclly Hivcr .■(,;il lid,!, Altii Frail k-HI;iiriiion' cnal field. Aha (Vowsiicst poal field, H.(" ("ascade cnal field, Alta Siniilkaiiieeii dial field. JVC .Nh'>la \'alley en:d fiel.l, H.C \aiiaiiii(i-C,iiiiii\ (•(lal field. H.C Alert Ba.v (Dal field, M.C Whitehoiso coal field. Vukdli Teiriti.iy. Suimnan- nvoid in lahular fnnn of all ••hernical analyses airaiiged l)y coal fields ill ReoiTiaphical (irder ' , . l.ollowiri PAGE ISL' I S3 |S8 !s.{ IM IM IM isi - IS I LIST OF TABLES Part VII '"■i''''' f- Detailed reeiird I, f coal fired II. Trials of \o. 2 M.'ilieock and Wilcox l,„iler with ■^'"- -'^G'-oal Fo||,,xvmj; "I- Di'taile.l reeord of j;as anal.vsis 1^- ''^iiiiiiiiary record of hoiler tests Following ^- ''"'i:'!^ "'■ |iical uascs from l>iliimitious comI l)li>civ;itioii.~ of comiiosilion of y;a,> liy volume. Uas meter ami H.II.I', . Sa.-i ealoiilljeteraml eoal weijilied t<'m|ieia1incs ami press iire.<. SummMr\- recmd of oas proiliicer tests. l"o||o\vin- Proportion of comliuslilile in eoal. in refuse, and in produeer contents I'erformimce with Cape Breton coals Inveriie-s and I'ictolt coals. Sprin-ihili, .lo^jiins.ancKlraud Lake coals. Performance with liuiiites and lii;nitic coals I'l'aiik-Hlaiiiuore coals Crowsnest coals. Ca.-^cadc coals. Xicola \'alley,-md.\anaimocoal. Ileal value of coal cliarucd jier M.I 1. 1', per hour He[)ort of analysis of coal -Coal Testing- I.al.ora- tory Keccjniecl temperature of water in caloiimeter v.-ss<.l .bialysis of producer uas with Kandall and Baiii- hart apparatus Analysis of producer jtas with Hone and Wheeler apparatus I'lthylene: iiross (,r hinher calorific value in M.T.F liei'culi. ft., moi.st. at CO'^'I'. and :i()" . I'.thylene: net or lower caloijlic \alue in H.T.r. i>er cuh. fi., moist, at (i()°I''. and :i()" Carbon mono\id<': -ross and net calorilic v,-due in U.T.I', per cull. ft., moist, at ti()°l'\ ;mi| ;{()" Methane: ,uross ((". Ilydi'oiron: net nr lower caloiific value in B.T.F. p<'r cull, ft., moist, at (i(l° F. and W" . Comparative ash determinations I'.\ot; .")7 •"i7 1)1 Itl !»_' !»:{ l(L> Ids HI!) 110 111 W.i II I 111! 117 lis US llil Iti.". I(i!t I Oil 170 171 171 172 179 aiEir^'p- :iLj;' ^— ~'--^'-~^— ^-^^^""^--^ Table ti.'M, (,ai)<> Hivtoii 0.)., Xs I,' ,; '"^■••'"'■■^'<<'"Mlfi..M,r„v,.nM'ssn,.,.\s .. L\I. .s.m.narv r,.,..,,.! of .■.nMlys..s ..f ,.„als:' '■Ml. .sunmiary r,.,.,,,,! „,■ ,,„„,^.,,.^ ,,,, ' coals: ^J^ i;;'^'"*^'"" '•"''"i"M.<'urnl.,.,lan,i;.o.; '•'"'■ ^'";""":>- —'"'• anaiysos ofn^ls^ laml Co., \ s. '-'^- Sununary ,...,.o„l of anMlvs.s of ..o-.l.- <'lainl Lake n,;,l (id,] \ M '-^- Sununan- r.ronl of analvscs of';.,,,!.. N.mis coal ficM. Sask ••^1- Summary ,.,.,.or.l of analys,. of .oals- K'lmonton coal fi..l,j, .\lTa "■ "'";;";;"■>;,.'•-'•'' <-r analyses of' coals: I viri • '■'''■ '■"•'' "'■'''■ Aha '"■ "''"'■'''7 ■:-"■■'' "^analyses 'of coals: '•'■•""^-lilaiiiMorccoai ficM Mf, '■^i\. N.mn.ary rcconl of analyses of coals- ''■""•■■'ii.'st coal fioM, Alta 'AV S„mn>an- n-conl of analyses of coals- (asca.le coal fiel.j, Alta. '•^M. N.mma,,- reconi of analyses of coals- I Y\-ir '^'"iilkanieen coal field Rf' ^"- ^"T^- —' "f -alyses 'of coals- Yxrrr ■ ''" ' ^'='"''y'"al field, H,(' "^- ^"•;:'"a.-y reconi of analvses of co-ds- •Nanaimo-Coniox coalfield, \ancou- v<'i' island, JVC '->;JX. Summary r..cord of analyses of coals • :^"'\ "''>• ' ' 'i-l'i. \-ancouve; Inland. H.C, I-\'-\'. Sununary record of analvses \\ liitehorse co tor\-, i'XXI. SumnKU-y re;,;rd of analyses of coals- Standard coal used for con.parison ." I.: of co,-ds: 'I fi''l'l. Viikon Terri- S() { IM 1S4 IM IM |s| IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM |S! fim n XI I'AUT ri„t.' I'\HT I'Arn I'h.tc Ml Mil XI.MI. XI, Mil. XI.I.X. I.. I.I. IX Ml. I. HI. I.l\. I.\. l.M. L\ll. LMII. MX. I.X. I,XI. I-XII. H.t.rsTK ATIo.VS Photographs Hoil.T nil, 111, cxiMTiiiiiMiIal stcniii pl:u,t. Dcpait- mciit of .Mccliaiiical IJi^iiiicciiiii;. .M^Cili Tiii- vcisity Dia-iMMi of \Vc.Miiii;li,.u.c ,l,,ul.l.' /,,),(• |,r,M|i„.,.|. vertical sciiion. l)..\VM-(lrati |,r,„|,i,.,.r (\.,. t). Depart inent of .Me- •■liaiiicai Miiuiiieeriiio. .M,.(;il| rniver^ity. Hiiys' uas caloriiiieter as .set up lor producer tests, Depart liieiit of .Meclialiical Ijiuiliei^rilii;. .Mcdilj rtii\ersity. . . Ititeii(,r of oas producer lal.oratoiy. looking' west. l)e|>artiueiit of .Mechaincal Iji-ineeriiif;-. .Mcdill ruiveisitv. , Interior of uas producer lalioratory. lookinii i^ast. Depaitiueiit of Meclialiical Kiiiiineeriiiji, McCil riiiveisity Stiiall ball mill for urindiii.-r samples. Department "f Miiiiii.naud Ore I)re.s,si,|„-, Mc(iill Ciiiversity Small liall mill, opened for deaiisijij:, Dep.-irtment «( .Miiiiii-aml Ore Dre.ssin-, .Mc(!ill University. Dryin.i: apparatus Ciieniical I.ahoratory, Deparl- iiK'iit of Mining; and Ore Divssino-, .McCiH rnj. versily K.ieldalil nitro,i;cn distillation ap|)aratiis, Clipniical Laboratory, Department of .Mininir and Ore Dressinu-, .McCJill I'liivrsitv Koehler bomb calorimeter. j;-eiieral view, Depart- nient of .Minini; and Oie Dressing;, Mcfiill I'lji- versity '!:'ii'l:ill ^'ii'l H.-irnliart -as atialysin,- appar.atus, ;;eneral view. Depart iiient of .Minin- ;ind (hv Dressiu':'. Mc(;ill rniversily Hone and Wheeler .uasanaly.sin- apparatus, uvneral view. Department of .Mining and Ore Dressinu, Mc(iill l'niversit\- Hone and Wlieel.M- -as analvsin- apparat us, details, Department of .Miniti- and < )re J)re.ssin-. .Mcdill rni\crsity Hack for lioldiii- and storin- -as satujiles Ash cylinders after lieatin,-, viewed at an inclination .\sli cylinders after lieatin-. viewed fiom above. P.^GK lt> til 7fi so 121 IL'I 111 lis 1 ."is lti2 KiL' it;4 I7G 17() Ml h riunnija i'AHT \ II inl I \ pes cil sICMlii l)()ili'i> ;{:>. M:ilM(Mk ami Wilcnx iHiilcis, DcpMrtiTiciit (if .M( rliaiiical Ijiuiiiccriii;;, .Mi'(iill I'liivcisitv 11. (ii'licial aiiaiinciiifiil of cxpciiiiii'iital lioilcr planl. Dcpaitiiiciil (if Mechanical l^iifiilii'iMiii;;, Mcdill I'ni- vcrsit \- liNcd cailHiii. Diaiiialii sli( poialioii. )\.iiiii, h(i ilcr cllic K'licv and ('(lUivalcnT cva- i; .'<."). Diajriani >li(i\vin^ boiler efllcieiii'V and latcof ('(iniiiustidn '.V.\ 'M'>. Diamani slicwinj; Ixiiler efficiencv and peicentan'e of :5t r.VHT Mil Fij;. Us. Diatiiain of simple form of 'ffit^ jirodiicer .'jn. Suction jjiis prodncor (l{u'4ton and Proctor) " 10. Sii, ti((n sia.-^ producer (Pintsch) . . '' H. (ias producer for lifcnite liriquettes (Koertini;) . ■' \'l. Twin down-draft pis produceis iPoucrand Minin;;M;i cliinerv Co.) I.'5. I)Mul)le zone j;:''^ producer (\V<'stinj>hi>ii.-;5. Seiiioii of u'lass ]iart> of Uaiidall ;ind Harnhart i;as ana- lysing ap|iai'a1u? ")l. Diagram of Hone and Win .").'). X'ertical section of Ho\s' Lias calonnieti .")(). (ieneral view of Bovs' uas caloriliieler . I 17 ■eler uas analysinu appai'atiis . p I Mil liiilcx. liisi "I" Mines Uraiicli Piihli(MtiMiis, APPENDICES VOL 111. AlM'KNniX I Com, W a^iiin(; Tk.sts. liv J. U. I'micr VOL. IN . Appendix II linii.KK TiJsTs AM) DiAGUVM-i, liv I!. J. Dmlcv \ OL. V. Appendix III PiiDDi ri:ii Tksts AM) DiAciiAMs. 1)V I{. J Dinlcv VOL. \ [. Appendix I\' CoKi\(; TisTs. I)y Elsai- Sfiiisfir|,| uihI'J. B. I'micr. .\rpi;\:)ix \' CllKMlru. Tksis, l)y I'A'suv St:iiisficli|. .^m .^Wr' THE COALS OF CANADA: AX i';c( ).\( ).M ic I X V i-:.sTi( j atiox VOL. II PART VII HOILKK TK.STS BY R. J. DURLEY "ik'l!' ,'*:"^* '^ 31 ?V7>5-r: V_>-~tl!*V' iV St riim A.it- I !.]i»' i oili r. (.'iiimll witt-r liii* l>«ilcr IK; ;j STAMiAKi' 'ITPI^ < 'F iV : i^i'iit. ; :: nianii. hoilrr. rr> -^*^ .♦■'.■/.>i ' '^v.- L ■■'■''■■^■::. ,'ry^ - tl * " ■ "•'J 't?^-'»» l-T, f III COALS OF CANADA: A\ i:<0\()M|c IWKSTKiATIoN VOL 11 PART vri i*«»ii.i,i{ Ti:sTs R. J. DURLEY 'vi-isui lUMi.KKs \NhTm:(u,:,,i.„xcv I ho fiillDvviriif liiii'i ili<,.ii ; . ■ p-i- will ,K..,„v .■:';,:.;;•'""", '"''"•: • ^"•'' -i-i^ <...ii.- '''T;t:;rr--'^' 'ii^it:;::::;:!:;;;-'-''"' "-'^■ --'•!-« .I- li^ ; , ; ;':""- ^; -"' ^' -^v.^u r wi,.,. "<■ u....mal lH.u.n. . ; ^ ' 7 "• ■•""' '""^ "''"' "''"' -'"i"- x'.-nul •'•'-•■■'■-'''•'•'-'">ii :'J .irJM '■'" '■- '•(Wtiv. l...,ui:,,, .,,,,,„, i.',;"'\ •" ""'"'-^ ^' l'"'^" |.r..,„„,i„„ of ,!„. wu..., , .• ,, ,:!","; -I"';' " ""'-■ -"' ""- ""><- .....v ..i,i...,. i.„ ""•"•"•••■ '"""••""■lo''. 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"I uluVI, ,•..,„. tl„. „-ii,,|f. ,,i - ■» ''• i ii .„:!:::".:"','■?":'""!■' i-i-i I ■ i..„. i,„v,. ,„ i„. ,,k,.„ ,,:!,■;:"; „ '"■' ■■■■"•■'"i!""-i"'- .ri.i «"-■"■ .■ .- nu ,,,,„.:,:;,::';■' ;"■■"'"■" - <':\n'z::::t:.''::r:!T :' ■"'■"""" —•""■— : "-"■■"'.' ":-:^;::m^.":;:'u:' :::;:;;,;;;,::';;:■,;::■• 7 ■^•■n,.. ,,| „,sts lik,. ,|„. ,„,.,,.„, ' """'^' '" "'<• '■■■'^" ol In .Ik. ..,;..<, „„.<,.1„.,..,,. ■'-l.M,.,h..an,„un,or,.„.|,.a.n„l,., „•,.., :fl^,sr;:-::T.r;:--;:r::;:::;;-::r:ri sci'iiiii> (,nc '""' ■■' -'iiiicirin AliM- much con-^iMeniliiPii ii u-,-,s ,|,.,-i.|(.,| tli a ialli«r hlj,'lior rate n{ cHiih li:i' >incc only (,!,;■ \,-<\ ,.,,1, , II '|-('t'ilC. to hr liuiiit iJ-UMiun ,,..,• s,|uan.|„,„ ol j;,,,,,. than tl„. ,„|,, I anil ;;:;':j::r;:^;;;;i:::::t:;:;;::i;::!:;:r- --'""- •■■-■■••■ ■ -' "•' ->!f''-'rii aii.i ; - ||' lif'atii -■ '"'"'="'""'"'"■ "■''"^'^' '-^^ip-nds or wa,n. ,,;:;:,;;;;;: ;;;;;;t''"''' I ■ .-' f\ '■' :"V."- " .'.''i;^ .. . ., II Munu.,, ,,..,• hour, WM. ,|,a, at whirl, ,1„. „., I,„iln- was known to ,iv.. .„,,,,„xi. .-,. y.tshe^HheH.nrywith a stanManl A„u.,.i..an .oal (.;.^..,.. ' ' ^ I uMibi'iIarid, Mil.) 'f' ' HiK, I" this connoxion it shouhl l,o nn„.,| th.t th. I.oilor in ,|,„.s,;„„ ,,,. , -.M..whH lou.,. ,.fhnon,.y. than coul.l hav. l,.ru ol,ta 1 l,a, a h„ ' „i i-- us,..|. I h.. ,.va,.o,.ativ.. r..s„l,s a,... thnWo,.,, all lou..,- than : 1, •■1 a.n.., w„hth„sanu.,.oalson,..stswithala,....,. 1 ,.„■.. H;i,.i.., '" ■■'" '"";■""' ": '■'■'"■'•■'"'" '■'''^'>- "'•' '■'-"> '" I M..-..-.1 fron, .,,,.,11 „ ,: ;;::;:!:l :::tt';.::,:r' '■'■'■'■ ='''^^^ ',.,.„..,., ■;:;:,. Ii i- also |M,sM-l,|,. ,l,a, hju-h,., ,.|r„,,V,„.i,,, ,,,„|,, I I , ;, , • ;':;•: -;';"-"■; ."-1.1.-. ak....ha,,..si;u;:;, .'■;;:; - .,.. a,,,| l,,.,H.w,.,.|< wnh a vi..w ,,, s,,i,in, ,,,.. p,.,.,,i,W,i,.s o, ..a,.h t "";;•---' •> n,a,ivi.,i,i,. „„i„., „.,.,,. i, „„ ,1, ,„■.,„,, J^; -.l<-.-N.astthn...,o,.,,Ht..,.,,ou,..„..,.wit .H,, ., as ,„ ,„ak.. ,, ' h ;-vl,a,,..sa,,.l„.,„.„,.,.| ,,,„„,,„„„ „„.,,,.,,.,.^,. ,„, „„.,„„,,. „,.. ''-'•'•■';••; '''■'^-•'':7--MlH.sa>,.,. ,,.,., ,a,.a,.,l , ,.,.,, an. tit.i,,,.,,,,, '"^ ;;-' a' 'lu. nsk o, pla,.,n. so,,,,. san,pl,.s a, a sli.h, ,li,a,lvanM... J N ! " '■'Pnp,n..„t s..l,...,..,l was of s,a,„lanl , vp,- an,i n-asonahlv w.-ll .,i, ? „ '""■":-r'""7"; ">"f-"'"— i.-iik..,woui.M„.,„a.k,.. :■ "'" '"7'.''^",'; '■''^""-i^'"i-'-yH.i,.viM.,ihasi,..,.„ai,i.. ;,,,„,„ r '""'"^ ;'l I.V ,„.M-,.la.. iK.n.l l„i,„, a,„l. on ,1,.. o,h..,. han,l ' ■--n .u, o,,..,, was,,. ,,,,,,,.,,,,., ,han ..v..n a , ^Iv , .,0.1 na.i.h . -;"'-■'—'■ n -;i .h..;:r..a„.M in,po,.,ann.. in n,akin. ,.on,pa,a.iv,. ... ; "'lal. to hav.. a, oo,la„,h.vp,.,.i,.,„..,, ,;„.,„: h. is ,p.i,.k ,o .... .,„( ,, ,, , '-l-t,„..,ho,io, h,„,.ro,.,.a,.h,.oal, a,„M.i~uo,.k,„„s, ,„ . i ^ ■'"/"" t-';''":: '""'"■ "■■i'-™--!,.. ,hi,.kn,...on„.,.. !,:::;:;:;, "' ■ii-A\\ whii'li Will ,i;i\,. III,. nii„lii,i,i,i ai, ,■,, c'liiiiinsiio,,. I liiv and iiii(.|i>itv iisui,,|Jtio,i coiiipaiil,!,. will, ,r,„,',j ■'"■ ' '"^ l""!'"-^'' a < ■• »:. ivconl,.,- ,.an I,,. ,„a,|,. lo ,v,„l,.,. vtl,,,!,!,. >™ -u, p,.op,.,. nu.. ,as a,,alysis l,y a pH-n, ,.i,..„.i. is j '' . l^'H-n. as, h,.,.xp,.,,,.,,,.,. „,■,!,,. |i,,,,,,,,i„^ 'i"l'~ "I .-11! supply, thickness of Ii,-,.. ,.| '■■■ :it o>„.,. If ,1,,. |||,.,||,„l |i,.,| .,,l,,pt,!,l I-' M Tl .' ■ llduiui: ui'ic ailii|ii<'il :i- till' iiKiiii iiiinliiiiin- •invcniiiii: tlic ^cric-; 111' •■-I liiMi- ii'|iiii li'il. ,iii nl' tin riial*. i-_>, 1 1 \\:,- ilcriiliM I In ii~c lialnl I'll in;; nii li\i'i| L;iali' I'ai- ami In I'liijiln llii' -aliii' liii'iM 111 lliiniiiiliniil all nl' lln' li'-l-. T niniiiali'l> tlii- «a- |Mi--il,|i- i.;. Tlic .luialinii nl' I'arli nl thr tlial- u a- aliniil li'li Imiir-. 'I'lii- , (•Iinlli;ll ulll'll lillll.illL: '-'"itt In .;ill> |inlll|iN n| I'nal |il'l linlli In ,'l.-l]|v lllal nlil a ~inall I'l mi ai i-i'- in tin- liira-uii'iiii'iit nl I lii' lucl nn arcniinl nl lln' ilil'li'ii'iii ■■ ill 1 111' an nl nl rnal nil till' i;iali' at i lir lii'uinniiii; aliil at 1 lie i'Ih I nil hi' 1 1 ia ill In aihlitinii 111 thr nii'a~ilii'ini'nt nf cnal and uatiT ami ntlii'i in ■ ('(■s>ai\ nli-i'i \ al inn-, imti' wa- taken n|' an\ ilillii-'ill ii'^ arising ihllilii; tl.- wnikiiiL; nl' I 111' liii'. ihr ainniini ami naiiiii' nl' rlinkiT fmi I. ami tin- an mm ■ 111' -ninki' |iin.liiri'.l. w il h a \ ii'W In nlilainiliL; a '^I'lii'ial idi'a a- In llir li('lia\ in . 1,1' ilir rnal ill I'arli ra-i' It i- hii|M'i| lllal inli Hlliat inll '^at hi'li'i I lllali'i ll. hi-ad will I I rnii-iili'ialili- a- tn llic \ aliii' ■ an> pal I imlar rnal. Hrii'l imir- ail' a| ipi'li' li'' I uilli li'i'i'li'liri' In ri'llaill nl' llir ir-ull- ami < - cillat ion- nl' a linilri I 1 iai ; /■.',,///../■.///./;/ nl Will, r. In niili'i In (•' :i|iniali' till' uali'i u liirli i- |iiiiii|m- : ilil.i a linili'i il i- iii'ri'--ai> tn -ii|i|ily -iillirirnl lirat tnwaiiii t lii-< w atiT tim ihi' I'i'i'il li'ni|Ji'ral illc In l lir Irliijii'l aMiir al whirli thr linllri i- wmkilrj \ filltlirr ^U|i|ih nl lira! niil^l llirli Kr I'miil-hri I ill iinlri In mm thr hra'i'. wain inln -iralii, llir -iini nl' iIii'm' tun i|iialil il ir- nl liral I iriir^ 1 akrh - ihr hri' iriM'ii In rach |iniiiiil nl' uati'i n|- a- ihr aililal liral nl rvapnia: ■ : ill' rai-li |iiiiiml nl -Irani. l-',il,n ,,ii, ,,l i., ,ijiin-,il,ui, \~ il i- ilillinill In riini|iair llir ir-ull- nl' li - ■ in u hirh I hr -Irani jiir--iirr and trni|irial u |r .im! 1 hr Irrd u alrr lrni|iri a' - arr all dillririil . il i- nrri'--ai v In irilurr I hi rr:-iill- nl -iirli I rial- tn a rnini |,a-i-. Thi- i- dniir li\ i'nni|iill iliLL I hr r\ a|»ii at inn I iniii and a I '_'!'_' I',, a li. .r klmw II .a- llir , .j >i , r.il, nl , r,i j,n,;il nu: j„ r /.,,./ (m/ .,; ronl I'miii ,iiiil nl J 1 _' !„• - ; nlilainrd, I n ni dr i' I n m m i iiir | iniiiid n|' uairi' al '_' I'J I' ililn -Ira! till -aliir lrlii|ii'iamii' ahniil i.Hili I'l I' I airiirrdrd. Thil-. -U|i|in-r llial ill a '^i\rii I I iaI il u a- Iniind t hat 1 hr Irrd lrln|ii'! :>' .'■ and nihrr rnmlitinii- wrir -iirh thai I. Hid H. '!'. I', wrir ll-rd In min .■,! piiillid nl' Irrd w alrr in in -Irani, ami thai I hr art Ual aiiiniinl nl ualri r . .;- luaii'd prr pniind nl rnal \\a- 7- I pmind-. llir nplixalriil anmillil nl \' '' wlilrh \\ niiid ill' i'\ apniairii pri |Miumi nl rnai i I niii ami ai ■_■!'_' ! , • \M'\ i. . alliiiil- /'/■'//', 'I'lii' ilr.'il I ill .'I ImhIit I If l'\ ;i|M,|;|tl\(' |MIU(.|> ,,|' ,'||| ill,. Ill Mil- |ili-.>iiii- illiilci uliirli I iiiiiiHi' I- iiHM-iirivl l,\ ih,. ,|i)|, ir Im\('i- (if fuel lyiiiir up I I lie .•III lll'rc--;il \ I 'i' I'lU'l ami till- iiiniv i-lii^rh th iIh' ;;i.-iIiv It i- i.\ i.|i "I cnlllllll-lloll |ia--C~ lllKillul '■imIit ui II lir III.- .Iial iilicif- ol M,al III llial III., llii.'k.i il,,. I, .■i>lii|"i-lii- II ai.' lia.-kcl. Ill, I li'i|Ullci|. 'I'lii-' ,|iall i. ii-iiall ual.T aii.l 1^ iiiili.'atfil l,\ lli.. ,|ilT,.i,.||,... ,,f „al..i l.'V.-l 'I'i'll I" III.' annual, I, ,.ri., an. I ll ll„.| ,, .,, ii.vi.., liiiili- .ll' a I lull.'. .III.. I > liii'a-m.'.l III III III.. \\\, 111.', .III.. I... 111'. I.I I III' |ilai'.' u li.'i.. i.f ,"!•_' jMlUll. Ill' |ii.'~-iiii. .11 \a.uiiiii 1- I.I I... iii..a-uri..| \ in Iii'IliIiI . ali.l a .liaili;lil ..1 I"'' -I'l-i"' l""l I- r.'.|Uiri'.| t.. inainlaiii a c.ii |i|.'--iiii' 'I ".-ili'i. lli.'icl' umii III u ai.'f 1 ' li'Inli', III. -all- thai ill.' ail |i l.i'l.iu ll,.' ^lai,. i~ .-,..' |MMiii,|. |,..r „|uai.. in.ii irivaN-r ihan il ili.iM' 1 111' la\.'i .ll' III. 'I. II' all |.f.'--i|ii. I In, I, II. -/" III' Iil;ui.' kn.iuii a- li..ili.| I l.ll'^.'-li.iU.'l I- .-. .111111. iiily II-... I 111 i.\|ii..-- ill I' i'\ a|i..ial|\.. iHHiiiiial ml.' Ill >ii'aiii |iiii.lii.'i i.,i, \\ I,,,,, i'\a|i.iialion III' :!(! |i.iiiii.K dl' uali'f ji.t li.iiir l '■:i|i:i.'ll V .if th.. Ii.iiji'i ,,!■ il- i'\|ili'"i'i| in ihi- iiiaiih.'i l|i(. ii'ln :i li'i'.l li'linii'ial in.. ..f lUU an. I al a i;au);c |ir.'->uii. nj 7(| iil.'i liiii-i' |iiiu.'r I III. .■vaii.iiali.m ..f :il i liiiilliil- p.'i- ^.|iiaii' iiirli i- |.i|iii\ all-Ill I. fi'iiii .■III. I III JIJ I' III ri'|ii'.- (-lit I h.. -al ii'|i|i->.'iil- III.- -aiii.-.'\|>.'iiiliiiii.. iif lii.ai ami 111' .|U.aiilil\. 'I'll.- Ii.i|s(--|)iiui.| ,,f a li.iil.-r i-, i| uml- .ll wal.-i iiiT h lll.l\ 1... u-|.( 1. .1111.1 niii-i .•.iii\i-iiii.nll\ li\' .|i\i.|iii^ ll ll-M'l.lll 11' I'.IUU.ll nil ami al 111 V >\ :;i' |Ui\.il.'iil i'\a|i.iiali.ili |.|.| ll SI, nil. It ''.'/'" ■' J iiii'l' in \vliiili ill.' f.iiiiial i.ili iif i.in .'! \,vv .-I'lii , iiiil.'-s till- f I II' aiiiouni III iii,ii>iiii|. ill i) II' -li'am fill iii-li...| li\' a ■"•^iiii I- ii'il l.'.i lajiiil uill u.-n,-iall> 1... 1,. \\ali'r r.iiil.ain- -iili-laiicf- which .-an II' in.ii-iili.' Ill ih.- -I. -am -li.,ul,l h I'laliiiim. In all i-.i|ii|il.-l.. Ii.iil|.|' t|..|. \\ ii'.'a-iir.'.l.f.ii |-,.a-..li> wliich li;i\,. ali.'a.ly I n |,.iiiil.'.l .ml, ;iii.| ihis r;i-ily .|n|||. 1,\ ih.i IIM' .if a I illnl 1 lilli; cal w iiriliii'li r. ii'ii - .'am riiiiiainiii'.' m.ii-iiiri' i- ;ill.iu.-,| |, .'-raiii' I lii.niuh ll' val\ .' Ill i.-h a |ii;ilili.-r 1 h an .iiilic.. ■^"■aln 1- ill ■ al lli.- l..u |iii — m,. ih.an ua- ll It- |iii'>-ur.. I- I, .hiiM-.l, 11 i- f,,,,ii,| Hial th ir i-a-i' 111 i'\ain|.li', ..III' ji.iiiml .ll u,ai,.|' at :;■_' I', i..,|uir.- aliMU' !,|,-,0 |! i'.;ili.ili\-. 'I'll n III'. I -ii'.aln !m; jiri I'i'l .'I'llI .ll\\ .11- .■.nil.aiiilli;; I l""'li'l~ pi'l-'iilal'i iliih. A p. Hill. I .,f -11. h -i..aiii, ll ■iiii; l.l.'id H.T.I pi'i' I'l'lil 111 iiiiii-iiiii.. :ii lilii ii'ii'l. '!•('. nia\ 111- .•.in>i.l(.iv,| 'I' 111 il. \\ lit'ii all.iu.-l til lii.iu ihioii.jh .-mall iiillico, III -iii^h a \va\ that im li.-al i- l.i-i l.\ .a. ml lull. Ill III- .111 a. I- v\lii-ii' thi'ii- H a |in'--iir(' .if -a\ I > p.iiiml- p.-i -..iiai'i 111' men . 1 111. I'liii-lnr.. uiil l„.,lii,.,l upi.i-.'vap.irat.'.i until ih,. hi'.a; -i.,i,.,l in ..a.-h p.„iii,| is ll.' -anil' a< h.'t.ir.- Tlii< will 111'. -ill' I w |I 'I'laii- Iti.'h) uh.'ii th.' iii.ii-tiiri. in i| 1 a liiwi'i- pic,--i;ii uf |,", p liii.i- ii.| II' -ti'aiii ha- iusl I u (.\ '!'• ' niav l„. \,.,,|„.,M ■al.-ulatin- th,. i.iial hi-at iif iin.'p.iumlnf ,1 III— III.. Ill I.') p.iiiml- |i, .l.'.O ll.T.l li.iniii|< pi'i' -.plan- iiirh. 'I'hi- will Ik- fun, i,| i nMialcil, a- r.\ -t.-ani at : I aiiiiiuiit al-i k^- J" moa.'-iiiiiiji till' .liviic.-> ,if -t .'am iiy mean.- uf thi- ihidt tlin,u raliiii- ak0^' 11 ""■"■'■ ""• "'■' ;""^"" i- 'l.n..tl,.,| until ii U r..m|,l..|,.|v .1 Hll|H'lll.Ml|.,l. I'lulll olwiTVutiolH III' th •itfjini t.- IS .•oii.litK.ii (M'.'lir-. th.. iiiiiiiniil -(ul.( of ll ry Of cvi-n ,, |iit|,, till' i.-m|...raiuf<( uii.l luossiiii- iit wliicli Air i'snl fur ( 'imihi >•' ('.iinVil on will .ihOH. -T shoiilil I just iv.|uii.M| I',, I c'oiii|iii>tc (•(iiiiliii!*ii..ii. Tl K'Nlcjim H i'i| lia\ i mil; roiiiliiiii'il uilh cirl imoiiril o| lii'<'o\yKfii. ilic 1,1,11. ,,f (I nthi'r cailh.n ,|io\i,i,. ,,r hrat wliirh rniiilii oil II i'\(('-s of ail ■j'i HMWlM' lie Utill/C(l. Ill'l lo loll, I '■ariir< a\va\ ami ua>li-i iii'i'i iiica-iii(aiiimI Ii\ t| !<• air ciiti'iiii',' a hoili^r f,i,i lacc li\ mean- of aiKl iiii-a-nic lliiM -a iil'.aiticil .-iiiil ii'toiy. aliil It i> ni-lotll. II V" to CO,,! ,■, A- iliiillii; tliat a -afislaitii .■aaMiralrly aiiahxt',1. i ri'siiits of el irmiral anal\ -r-; of tlic -am|ili' ot tlic (I If 10 I'lMllnl- ol ill,, .^a- I'aii I.,, ralml; 11' ui.|i;lil III III- uas |,a- '■arliiiii roiiiain. ,li.( iiM-.J |i(.r p.iuiiil ol I'ailioi, I, if I'lial liivil l„.iiii; known, it is irnt. Tl anil l,|.|ic(. I !!• amount of ,.ariioii I ni',1 m II' amount of al: ilraun inio ih,. luu IS ('a>\ to work out thi' I to till. -lark li\ III,. Iiol II alnii' atui llial of ill,. Ii.iil '■■ l'i'ipi>iinilof,.,,al lii,.i|. TlM.lH.at ll n iiurnt |it.r |ioiini{ lumlii'i of |ioiinil< of air i-i'> I'aii th,.,, I„. call <•>■ iiiom or air .-u|)|i|\- t •I iir rarri(.il a\ •'"' lit ol an wliicli woiilil jii-i MilFir,. to I nlati.i| if III,, ilii,. „as t,. o 111,. 1,1, il,. I- ar,. kiioun. i|.i ilally from |0 :o |. iiiri I'linial-. il(.|i<.n,lii|M- I "III' iioimil of ,.oal roin|,|,.|, ii'Mill- arc olilami.,| will i-|.'l i- In, III I.') |„.r I',.,,! I,, •_.- J,, 111' |'i'l|iollni| of r,.:,!. Ill ,||,.| I .'in oi'linaix- l.oili.r f I'll lll|. rom posit Ion of III iiriiari- wln.n i|n. aj. •r r(.|it 111 |.\r,.-s of |||i< ;iv IJ to \i, llollllil I'oml.ii-i i,,i ,||| I a -iiialliT i.\ I •■! Inriian.il i<>,.M,,m po->il,|,. i,,,,|,, lilliriilt lo \\oi k w illimii a.lmii I'"-- o| air I liai III] Uoo I till' ai>o\,. It'iiliiilniii I,, \ tmi; a I'liii-iilciaMv ui,.at ''"• ill'l' lo-l ii\ railialion t i'r> liltlf ri.|ialili. inl mil. roal- aif. Ill'l- i'\i',.-s ,,f ail \<'i\ illdiriill lo III ri'lii -li'.-ni boil "iiii'-i'loii i- availabi,' r,'j;ar,hi, I'l-. a- I hi' ipianl il \ ii l)0|l,'r I Ij; I'a-iiri' i'\p...im,.nlall\. '|'|„. A.S.M.K 1 ipl|.-l|n|| ll- pro\i.|('- ihai lode of ml. Inc to lllir.,|l-i||||,.,l ||\,|, 1' laili.oion liKsf.s .jiall los-i-. All al li'iiipi al 11 bi' Ilia. I,. I,v partly biirk '•oal roijiiircd i iiiaioon- III ill,. Ill "•a-iliiiii; III,, ra.liation lo— '!■ ini'liiili..l with ihi. I, I- an. I oilirr imlcK.rmiiia '"- "Vi'i th,. mail., an. I ,i,'i in an onlinarx boil,.v i. -lain ti'inpcral'iii. al-oi i| ' iii:iiiil:iiii a rniislalil -■|,.aiii pi, — ,,,,. ,an,l I'rinimn;; th,. ami. inn liri'-iiniably a n>n- -I'xi'nii'i'ii I rial- ma.!,' bv l)oii|, "nil- a -ulliiiVnily loi,;: p,.,i„,l ,,f ,]„„. "I'l 111 till- liiaiiiir m\,.> about III :ili'l l\i"ili|.ily n-A ,|i|f,.r,.||, l„,i|,, laijlallon lo-: lii'ili'r-, ami 1, |.^ p|.r iviit of Ih,. i,,ial 1 I'lui'vir. proportionately lai-. ii^'i'r in boilers with brick ii'at of combu-iion. Tli !■ ill -niall li.ali in lai-. rail la 1 1 1- -iir!ai'i.. 1,'ailialiiin li ly llie roal at l| •-OS up to III ii; rale.l cipaciiy of th,. b„i| -I'ttnii;- than in boil,.|s havini; I, pm ,',.|it of th,. Ii(.ai .|,.v,'li.ni I'r are prol ably not iiiicoiniiioiL I .ir 11 •■i: '"■ '■'■'- ■•".'■■ilv-i- iii.i|„„|, a.l,,|.u.,l in ,1 ll'vc |,.^t , til! ich til ^ t^X rj 4t).5l«J>?, jay>hith.taata. an. i. 0o(»i«V'',(»''j|.qa6) — • a • 7 » 9 Ssak_!Q.fift! — lent of Mechanical Engineerinj?, MrtJill University 3 I S-r^ r^iKf^. V.VjI ^ i;(^rii'Mi;\r lllilKF liK,>CI{ll'rin\ III- IM.WI- Wli \l'l'\l(\lls \ •.]■-.[, Kdii Ilnll.KK lltl\l.> Tlic boiler on wliich llic tests liciv icpoitcd Wfic linulc \v;is No. •_' of :i pail- loriniiiK part of tin- cxiMM'iiiiciital <'<|uipiiiciit of tlic Depart iiiciil of Me- liiit; liieeriii};. Mcdill I'liiNeisi It is ,,f the Hi lococK a III! Wilcox ■^lllUle ( Heat Iniiu type ami the leailiiii; iliineiisions ami particular- aic a~ lollow- iiif;' surfaot; (tiihiv .)'.»;; (dniiii etc). Total. . (Irate siirfa At)|)ro\itiiate u idt 1' 1 o| air space- iportioii air space to n^rate siiif; Mean diameter of steam drum, i.eiinth ot steam ilriiiii exposed. Hi 7!» .{ •_'.■) •■ .") hi? . , at frotit Jl inches i, at l)ai'k J.) (and [" in special cases) and 1.")'', in special cases) inches '.U\ inside) Niimher of I lilies. Diametei- of tubes ((>xteiiial). I.eiiLitli of I iibes exiiosed. . . . leel nches feet 10 l;> till 1 \sh pit bcl o\\ ;;iale siirfaci Tut il water space Total steam space itio 1 li'al llii;' ~llll:icr to i;rat e -unare \\ orkinj;' pressui Ih \\ hen the w .cub. tt. pei'^,|. m ai i|cini _■! at back ■_'■_' 110 I .'( I iter stood at P. " in the ,i;au'.',e 'ziass the boiler contained 1,7'_'0 pounds (if water, each inch in tl e iraiiji'e lilass corresponi linu ■ o a weliili i;h ol l.i'J pounds of Water. 'Ihc i;eneral arrangement of the Imiler is shown in Vi'j:. ;V-i. and il was ~el in battery with aiiolhei b.iiler ,,f exactly ll Uid ci>ri-t I iictiiin. except that X. I boil. le same make I was oriiiinalh- litteil with a .lone- stoker (not now 11 m the dr;iwiii expeiinieiits were ni.ade. wa^ lilted with a plain cast iron ijraic The furnace of .\,i, 2 boiler. a~ will be . desired efTect could have 1 leen er methods not iiivolvin": adilition,"! exiie n.se in operation. ^ The I'liin.-icc iliMir u .,< ,,i ,.., i ; . ■ — •: I in..n.,i ',:: ,'"":;; '-- -,„..,.„..„„, J,,,^ ,, I,,,;, .,■.... : , . I '■'" "i''ii' "-.o n., ,,.l„., '""";'""V' .''ii ,-.1m,v,. ,1m. ^,,,„. 1'Ik' l'ii'ku,,rk of 111,, I I II " """''" .•'fniM-cincnt lor .s7,„7,- Tl„. I„,i|,, ~ 'In-iid,,,,,, ,1,,. i,i,N. iiil: I;ii,| ,,| (;.rk- Milli ikiiiu hanl '■"'"''^""'^'"■' -'"-■'■"-'''•■ ■'■'--:,..,.., :,;„;;,. :;:.x: "' 'IK' '■".-iN illhliT II-.I. The luiii "•"•■'"'" — ^-i-'. 'nil ::;;;:;:::: :,;7''''' '■'•'.'' --'^ ^ ■'- ^"■'■"'^'•>n.M„ n, ,1,,. ',„ii,.,,,|,„, : I '","";.,"-'•■'' '<■ pr:,,-!,,.,. Th,. „,„,.,..,, ''^ ■■' '■ ■ !"l,i.l,.^,„.,.,|,,,.i,„. In I '''•'" ''vn,..a„.„) , f..,„ .Iriv,.,, '"■'■'•— in >1„. „„,.,„„„,,,(„,.„.,'■ ■" ' ""~ -THIM,,,.,,, u..,~ r,.n,„lv,.n '''•■■'■'■'■'-'''■'''--■v.r,:: :,'■';-'-'-''''-•- ■1-n, ,,,„.,. -'- •'•'■'■--,.,,,,,,,, J,,„ 7; 7' ""-'-< 1 no,.ulIi,.i..,u ,.:,,,.. -'-"n.A;;:::;;;';:;:^:!- ''■■'■■-'' -'1-1-,,.,.,.. ti„...,„.; "-- f-^'C-::!\..;;:iX'!::; -- -■ -.™nL;;: ;;:;:::;:;::::::";:;:---■ ^...^.^-m .,„., '''•'■^■'•'■'•''-•'''••'■1'-- ,..,;:/::;;''■'•■ ';;''r^ -'— ;" .-;'H:::;:r;;;;;:,;: ^ /»!/„,. ■<.. nj .S/,,/w.-^T|„. ,1,.,,,,, ,. , ■ '■"^'- >V*"'' '^- ""■'"""-- im;.,..,^:,.;:, :;,:;"■"; ■'"'";■••■' —,0..,,.,.. ■•■\liiils ,,, ih,. ,...,, 1„ , , """" '''"i 'i<'''ii ,,,a( (.,,11 \,, I,.. .■V .■n'^HviLv:;:.::::;: ;:''■•;■'■'- •'''--'- i-p...,,..,,.,;:';,, tin-.. us..,i .;,„.;„. n,,; o,ii,.iai ;.!;r ^;:; 7'7"'''r-'''-'''''-'''y ^ met..,- (l.-t..n,iinanoH- ' '' "■'''" '"""'' '"" ''X .'H Hif I'alu,,- «-^"?";"x:,V';;::::;;;;::" "-''''' -■ -i^... .■..,„..,.,, K' lUllks had .|ll!cl<.,I„.||i„jr valvo- lit i:aiim- 111(1 ilii' ■ 'lairi|i(>: |)l L'ivi • ' "- '" ""'-ii^ii' pound. Tl,(. ,..,,,1..: l,...i ....:.,. . ■• ';•"■• ,im3St& IISl- -I. :, Ini ■t ly irk nil ml I'S, iil: III a- -i al '^^lW^ i I . !£:. .iM-hai-in.ir int., n 1mi-.t tnnk hclov. ilmn rr,,n, whirl, il„. i,, ,| i,,,,,,,,^ .hew. In this l(,w,.r lank :. u,M„|,.n T jiMn;;<. wa- |,r,,vi,|.-,| u, uhirh tl„. \\-Mi-: level was ailjiisled at the he-innini; an.l en.l m ih,. iii;,|. Twolee,l,,uni|.swer..|,n,vi,!e,l,,.ach(,lthe,lu|.lex -l.-arn .Iriven !v| n., '. ■■'l":-t;' and „n.".-.!" >;{":.',;". Their .•,,nnexi„ns were surh ihat t\u-]nimu nnl ni no- n,„l,l I,,- cmiplelely cul e- l>y Man,. Ilan-es. This arrangement was :,!<,. .■arrie.l out with the IV.mI |,i|,i„.. .,11 hraiK-h.-s thr.aid, whi,.h leaka-o colli, 1 |M,ssil)ly occur hein;.'; Mank llanjie,! .iiriii:;- the te>is. The l,l.,w o.. i,i,,in,- of the l„,ll,.,. wa- :,rran-e,| >,, that the o|M.n ,.n,l wa.s vi-ilile ami was .li-conneclcl lV,,ni ihe l,l,,w (jII' line. i;.;l Seal,.. ,/,■. C.al wa^ uei,d,e,| in a l.ox, ,,la,.e,l ,„, a lairhanks >lan,lai.| |ilallorni scale ,,| _'.()l)(| pounds capacity. Sa»,i,l,(;n,s. Saiupl<.,-n. pr,,vi,le,| will, li-hi liM in- c,,ver-. were ummI lor takinj:' samples ,it' the i-nal. Fin, dasSamidimi A p/,,,,;,! ,. "Iiieh were taken perio.li,,,!! v In.ni a stream ,-.,ni i,.,„u.ly diawn lro.nthel„.iler,,ullet l.y a wafrjet ..xhausler. The chemical appara- lu-aii(l methoils, .fanal.vsis are hilly ,l,..scril„.,l ill I';,ii I.\ ,,i this report. The siinpliii-tiihe. place,! in the,,iitl(l fn.ni the l„,il,.r int,, t he main I'ue ail,! rl,)se t,, theiiamper (at D Fi,-. :i:;), consi-Icl ,,1' a pie,.M,f I 1" seamless steel 'ul.e ,'l,,se,l at ,iiie en,l and p arisin.- from s.'ale, etc.. in ,h,. waler .■oo|,.,| ,„!„.,. were in this wav :ivold,.d. It was. therelore. finally ,le,-i,!e,l t,, us,, a st,-,.l tui-e enam,.lled Misid,. and out and arraii-ed as ,les,ail,e,l ahove. Thi. w.,-. found t,, niv,. very sati of tlu- ^as anal.vsis as far as P"ir<-nt;i-e of ('(K was co„c<>rne,l. s.-rv.',! t,, show whether 'the "chemical H'siilt^on a e,unparativ..ly small nunil„.r of saniph- hmIIv uave representa- tive h-ures. Considerable troiil.le was experieiice.l in i he ,,perati,m ,,f the ]J\ re,M,i,l,.,-. and in certain ,,f th.- trials its u..e ha,l t.. he ,lisc,mtinu.Ml l";-i'll"-iuii..sen...unteiv,l aro. r"lii|iail-ii|i \m'i|i icTlilicI Miiilicr ^a- lilii.,| I II' ua- !i'iii|ifialiiic lilt iic'iriliiai iMliiliial mii- \ii I ii"i' "I I (i\i)i ( I i\i, ii:yr> wii \i\ I "I. \\h ( \|( I |,\| |(,\. i\i\i; \ii:\>i i;i:\ii:\T' 1 1 'H "M: TIM \i. Ml. I Ih M. Ill c I IM,| I I I \,, I iji ^1 , 'ill' liiaN "riv '■iiihiiii-ic-i| in :;(■(•,, I', ( .iliilnillrc Ml ih,. \ .-ilii-:' with ihr -\ -iilii lirniiiiiicihli Ir 111 l!MI!r Ih,. I,,, ""II. -an >i..|,.ty ,,l .\lc..|ialii.'al I li::lli(i'|v III tl 1. iiiiiiilicr .)i' ti-^iv I 'ii.|'.-i!i-..ii u nil -iaiiilai-.| ii.'i.lf I iii.'lii.liiii: lliii-c- iiia.lc I'. '•il ' "a- -.■\,-iii \ -t \\u, an. I ii -iiiii. I., .il.iaiii v\illi Milli.-iriit I- "■ ~:ilii|.|<.- .,1 i-,ial III, II, il |ii.|it\ an. I iv-iil. \\a- I. mil. I III ' i"'-l :ili'l iV.'ln ll'C \M-l .,|' ('ana. I ..lit' -|.a-..|, hniy-niiii. ..i' i| iii'>' '" I'lial.l.. all ..I Ml,.-,, t,, |„, ,||.,,i, ii. li-t- \\ -UllltllM- III 1!MI7. lliiltv- I'lv, I lii'ivliir... n iil'-r. nil-lit l\ . ■M'ti .|iirii|._: th,. Mill, 111, -r ,,|' puis .|,|,| ,1 i.'i.li' .Inninj i|, M' M'iiiaiii.|.' I"'!'""'"' "I 'li''l-ilrfi nliaxii,., li,.,.n.|,-.Til„.,| i,|,|„ •II. .11, th,. lulh.uiii^ l.alaui-a|.h- ;;i\v a I HH'lli.i.l- a. I. .1. till rii'l a.'riiiint .if il 11' "lL;alil/ataiii III nial.iiii: I lir ir-t ■ ill lli> 111 -I \i I) ■i>.i r- an. I m I'' liiv.iiaii Hi'iv |.|| iii.-i'i \rf- .|utii.- i\, |il.i\li| III larll ll'i < »l.-ri\,.r \. 'I llir lliv. liitri ii|.^ all ■liiiki r r,.niii\-r.i. 'r.!.,!, < >l-|.r\,.r \,i, _v I', i <''>ll.|ilrtr.l ||„. Ifial.,,l,.,.|.\,.,| ;,||,| ,|j •lit- 111 th,. I.ii; -I li'd . \\cl;;li,. ini|ili. i| n.al rr.^li'.l till- u-.i^|..i ':il til'i'.l alnl .•i-h a: "I ^^.•ii'T in li.,.i| tank- an. I in h.iil,.,., „,„| •'•'•.| |.iiiii|i. Ii .•llHl f|.'U-|. >l' W|.i:;||i||n I,.,., I \MltlT. a.|jul llic linilrl Ua- |iill in tlin|',,u^li rr|Mir, ..ImI ihr liniliT alul rii|ilic\i(in- wciv lf-Ic'i| |i,| I mli i iic>-, W 1 . 1 1 . 1 \ I , \ M I 1 1 \ \ I . I I \ I , ( I 1 M . ''■"'"'■'"■'' '"' "' '■":il. ^il'li'i' I'N^inhiialinii. I iialiiiriil , iiii\iir^. ah. I -alii|>- 'il'- 1'.^ ''"' -'■■''•' 111 '-li.-ili:'' "i Ike rliciniral alnl r, ,al-u a-k iliL; l"inini; ,,|" l hr l|i\i-t|.^atlo|i. a -ullici.'til .|iialilll\' Ua- lakni. l.a'^uf.i alhl . Ick vriv, I m ''"■ l"'ll<'i lijuiii Tkr iiicaii- 1,1 i.k-iililiran..|i Ini Ik" iiilMiinali..|i nllh.' li.iik.i- ni-t:i!lua~a kil.rl alli\r.l I,,, 'ark 1 .ai; . -i\ ilii; I he -iTia I h Uliil ,;Mnf i k- '■"•■'1 'S..,.(nhiinii J ill Tal.lr l\ > -Ike ainnuni ,,| ,,,al in all lull ,,|i,. ,,r tun ra-i- ua- ch.Hi.^k lioi uiilv |,,|- ikc icii liM,,,- liial. I. in al-ot,,ia piv- li'iilli:"'.^' '"" "I' ■< i'-li'jik -iillicifiii In L.|\i- ikc -lair all n|i|inr' niiiu nf liihliliu :in a|i|ivn|ii-iati- iiicikn.l nf kifiiiL; .■ill. I w.nkiii^ ilu. i-nal in ikc hiniacr. Slaililiu uilk a liankcl kiv li,,ni ikc |.ir\i..ii- ,ki\'- lui,. • kr liil.i- ucic .■kalici. tkc tliv Ua- l.lnkrii ..ill, alhl lllili'^ ua- ■■. .Iiinicn.v.l uilk I kr c.al In '"■ ''-"''I. Wki-ii ill i.r,.|„T .-..laliiinii. a. 1.1 ■jciirially ali.iin ..iir li.,ii, lirlniv '■""'^'■"'•ili- 'li" ''■-'. 'iii- Inv ":i- liilinc.; ,i,,uii an. I I'li-aiir. I . llic tiial iiciii- a.'tilall\ -lani-.l ulicii llic .'Iran kiiv ua- I'l a iiilalilr .-1111,111 !■ .|i '. i„. ji|.li:r.|. I'"i''li- 'I"' 'll:il '111' '■"al ua- lilv.l. alhl .kr kiv -licr.!, Kinkcli' M) .. an. I '•''"' ' ■'- '"illi.l li(Tr--al\-. In .■\vr\ .'a-r. k..ur\(T. ■ kr kiv ua- aL'aili clrancl ■''"'"' Ii"'li' I'l'lni-c tk,. (■..n.-ki-inii nf iki' liial, alhl Ua- iki-n u..iki'.l -~^ "''I''' aftrnval.l- |nlua!.|.al 1., tkr Ck.Miii.-al i)r|ia'1liirtit fnr :'i:ai\-i-. ( 111 tlii- anal\-i- tlic liL;iuv- fnr iki- i.rr.vnta- ' ni..i-tuiv .('..kiiiin il. Tal.ir l\) UT,. Ka-r.l. I'l" "li"'i' "I '111' ii-li alhl rlil.krr tniinr.l iliiriir,; |l ,• liial ua- w, i-lir.l alhl '■'I'^^^ii'lf'l '') tkr Cki-iiiical I)r|iartin.'iit fnr alial\--l-. \ii; \>i HKMiA r III w A I i:u ^^•"'i' "■""■ llf '-i')' inain- ua- a.liiiit Ic.l as rri|iiirr.| into a uvii;n- '•'- '■■"i''^ iii.Hihlr.l ..11 -rail-. Vfirr ucit^liiim ca.-k taiikfiil ..f u.atrf it ua- .li-ili.iio,..| int.itlc feci tank finin uliirli tk,. f,.,.,l |iiini|i ,|icw. .\ ■■■■-' ■" ■'■■■- •'"••! ■■I'l- liaaii.i,; .■; a-Mi ;,.u-h1.|, i|„. uali-i \\ a- ''I'liii^ki ai ikc ri.inini.nri.iiii.|it aihl.al-nat tlii' en. I nf ikc trial. Tlic L'.anuc •Jtl jlluHscs nil the lioilcl' Uriv. ii|' ((iin-c, al- aiki'.l. ali>l alluUalMc liiailr hii (Uiy ililTcIcllcc ill li\cl al tlir Ki'iiililiiiif alhl rial it;ili(l;iril Wfiulil^ lieluiv cacli nre ol' the steam al ihe ealnriliieler wie teailu|iii! II -taliilalil Sehaefrer allil Muileliliei'u' |ire--iire '^ailve. Tlii.- i;aili;e wa- eale fully te-teil fidiii lime 1 1 1 t iiiie u|" HI a ( 'l' i>liy ,-l amlanl liaiiire tester, ami it eriiir ileiermineil. hnmi ss.- The alliiiiint iif miii>lui'e pre-eiit ill 'he -team wa- r(iin|iille.' from iili-ervatioiis taken with a real)o(l>- throltlilr;: calorimeter. The |ii|M ieailinu lo the ealoiiineter was taken iliivctlv from the -leam drum of tin boiler, ami -team was passed lhroii;;h the calorimeter coiit iiiiiou-ly diiriii;! tli. tl'.st. iii;\tl' Till' draft wa^ measured li\ means of I' tulie ;;aUL!e- tilled with Wa'e; The>e lulie- Were placed ill order lo recoid the draft: (a) iimler l he -rate, (I)) over the iiiate, ic) at the hack of the lioiler, iju-e lo ihe damiier. i l.ri; (e\si;s The tempera line of the line i;as wa- oli-ervcil in 1 he opening .< . ihc m ,!i flue (at E Fii:. -ioi close to the damlier. The thermometer i. .d wa- ;i llolimaii and .Maiirei- iia- tilleil mercury theiiiioiiieter, whidi was ailjii-Nii to reaci correctl\' at I'll" I'. .\ ] Milt ion of the Hue ua- wa- w itlidrawii ciiiii iiiuou>ly throuiiJi a saiuplinu jiijie leadim.;' f|-om a poini al the back of I f.e lioilcr close to the damper oei n- inir, the >iictiiiii licini: produced by means of a waler a>piraIoi'. San >!' bottles wele filled from a tee on this saliipliu^i pi|ie. The sampliiiL; appar, '4- has already been described in detail ( ■ - were used for imhH idllin.u the iiathod of lirim; and irealmeiit of the lire, l!: -t sani|iles as a rule were not taken while the lire was beiiii; cleaned '.). Table 1\', will, therefore, be rather less than the ' uc :iiri Ihr n,ni|,l,t,- 1,,.^ ,,f ,„„. tH,,| i. alili.Ar.l. 1.,^, lliii- uiti, tlir .r-iiltiii- calculalion- u,,il.r,| .,iu in ,|rtail. I'lii^ liial ua^ liinilr ,mi a -aiiiplf -I rna! Iioiii Cai,.. Itiviuii. an. I Ua> lakm a- \' IV|ilv>riilal i vr. Till- I.I'- i- InlLiunl li\- lu,, I,, II,;-. til,. ■■.•>;, mil,, an- ,,i ( »l.-r|-\ al i.,ii> " l"''"i \' :""! ''"■ ■■>'"iniiiai\ ..I I!, -nil-." i|',i,n, U,; i,,,,,, ,,,' ,|„, j,,.,,,, ;„ ih.-f aiv -.■ll-r\|ilalial.il\. \ ,■, ,; .,|,|,.|,. <,.IH- ,,l -u,.|| MiMiina lir- all, I l.i-- |..r all llir irial- will lie Inmi.l in Vm. |\ ,,| thi- io|i,,i1. lA|ilaliali..|is as In tli.' iiiclli.,,!, ,,| ra'Tiilal imi l,y ulii,-|, ihr |i;.;iiiv, in I. .1111 If Ufiv iilitaiiir,! aiv Liiwii lii'lnw, ill, calr-lat i.iiw apply in-. ,,r ,■, m ,■„.. ti. liial .\,). .".s r.ii' uhicli III,. Iiii; alnl -iinnnaiii'- aiv ..;i\vii lu-iv. i I.I II. Ill-' l.\ i;\ r> TriaN i.f .NH. J iialwnrk ami \Vili.,i\ H.iilii- with .\,,, :!(i ,.,,al. Dat,-. .h.ly :;i. I'.ios. ■jHal nuinlMT, ( ;. ( '. 'I', .'.s ' >li-,.r\aliiin- nl' i:i'n,.|al r..ii.lit imi-. OJisiTvcr, J. HIi/anl. .N.iTKs. -N,,. I. 15. :,n.l W, IniiliT u.iikin- WVat lirr i-l,,i/.,.. not niurli -mall -mlT. I'air aniniinl ,.f .-lat,-lik,. siil)- .-laliic. General Notes. ■I'iln,.. " •'''■! III. I'il'"' rliani'.l. ami lii.a.l,. iiji willi .\,i. lili n.al. Prrs-in-c S.') |iiiun,l.> piT -.|uai-,. iiirli. 7..')0 'riilic- liliiw n. •- M Start, 'il trial. I'iiv 2" ui'lilmnit l lii-,,m;h ; llaiiic at hack. KVcpiii.i; 'I'iii li!-<' '■>")■ riiis .nal liiirns witli inurh Uaiiic ami sim.kc " :10 <;rill half iipi'ii. 1),,,.- 11, ,t ,.,,k,. at all. lii.n") ( iiill \vi,lc ii|„.|i. 1- 1(1 1,. III. Sliiv hai- i>ut iiil,i tliv ami luiiml -mnc lianl cliiik'T oti bar.-. Dill iKit ivinov,'. .S) I'ar faki' lia< not been put into litv, coal not coking at all. 2.'->7 Slice, 1 liiv. :J.-'7 Sli,.(.,l fiiv, icinovcl ID jHiiimls clinker. Clinker when hut seems to be ill ]ila>tic cakes spread ovei ^rate. ."> :iO Fire elealieil. Uemovcl 70 i)omi,ls clinker in lar.i;e sljibs which hanlen on coolini;. Bluish in colour. \ot very ilifFi- cull tonmiove. but coal coulil not be used on sliakinL' !.'.:ite. •i 40 Trial Imished, fire as at start. .'.L' jioum Is ash raked iroin ash pit Blow olT examined and found ti^ht. Ash and Clinker Til re Ci'n^- ,\,.| •_' -' I' I" In I i,,. .11,.,., I ■"' •"' !""■ ^■' I I'l :n iiiv rlcali.Ml I III |i"MiriiU rliiikrr '■' "" I"" ■■' '-'• •■•-' l"'un.i~ :,-!, rak,.,| |V |„„..;,tli ImM. III." |HHIN,U ll~ll iiIhI I'linUlT. Coal Fired Tilal -1. Nn. J H;:l,r,„.k ,|,,,| \\,|,,,x l„,il,.r uiili \,,. :;(;r,,al. Dale. July ,;|, p.MIS, Tii;,! niiiiil.p:-. (i. (', 1'. .".s. ' MiM'iAal iipi,- III! cial. (ll,„.rv,.|, .1 |l|i^:,|-,| "^"1'- •'":il liiV.i h,-|,,iv Ilia! ruiii|ii,.|„T,l. ;.:!_' U, s.|l) _> |(i H,,. IMU.I, I Detailed Record of Coal Fired. Tim,- :l rii. > II) 'I i:i '• I.". '.I ."l."! Ill .'.■. ID :.,•, II I .•. 1 1 \r< |.,rr, I.' i:. I J 17 IJ I.". I i:. I ;;ii _' II _' :;n :; n ;; In .; Ill I 1". I I.". .•| |."i .". :iii .■. I.-. (i.l5 \(i- 111 >.ii'k- ;i. I. Tari' ^, ^1. Ill II. I-'. i:i I 1. l.-i Hi, i; lil'liiri' lliMliili;;! |v liiM, Hl\ 1.1.1" Nn f..:il Till:,! lllVll 1,1 (',,;,! iiii.M.il I nv.l i:t.' I .IJ i.;j i.ij i:ij l.iJ l^.' :iiti I! I.", r.i 171 :{i;!i Mm; "ill i:ii; jM'i IVl 111.' ■ i.'S ."llili ■ 111 :!|-J JIM I Ills ■Jll."l -•:!■_' .ill 117 I. 'I I :!l!i Inn i:;i .'.'1 -'71 |:t:i nil I'.-i ii;7 1 ID i;i.; I ■ •_ 1 J.' 1 1 ;. 1 sn7 1 J-J 1 1 N 1! 1 1 .",."i IJ 1 •' • I.Hil l.-Jlll. 1 ' t-l 17:; 1 .iiti't I.5H' I.I 1 .mill in.-, 1.711 l.Mi l.M.I nil i.iii.; .".:; Jill". i.;i J.i 1'. I'.i.'i J.:;i 1 I.Ml J. KM iiii J.."iH^ 'J J J.iijii l.'.N J . 7 7 ^ 1 1:; ■J.'iJi Gas Analysis 'I'liiil III l»al L ;iii.| W i\i-n\ Nil. J l.oil.i- uiili \,,, :;(; .•,,:,!. Kiilc, .lul\ ;l|, l!M)s |ii:il iiUMilirr, (;(' T ".s Oli-civatiiili- 111' lliif L';i> ;ill;il\-i- I »li-cl\i'i . I ; .1 ( '.iiiVV;U . I \ltl I III Detailed record of Uas Analysis. ( ( I (I liiiif III (II II II . ( I , ( , , l!i'Ml;ilk'< N ID Ill s Hi 11 .'» N > 1 1 ^ ^l Ii ', III III 1 i; :i 7 J '1 II 1 N ^1 II >l III III _' ni 11 N s 't 1 t 1 1 Ml li III III IJ 1 ^ ;, Ii .'» V 7 II M .! III til !l 1 I'l :. Ill .: i| 7 II _> Ml..) 1 1 III i| > |N ■! > N '1 1 1 I Mill II HI N '1 I'l II 111 1 '1 '1 '1 Ml 1 r_' 1 1 1 II _' ii; i; ". 1 '1 il J 7 Ml 7 ij 111 II) 'i ii; :; :. 1 •1 .' _l '1 MIN 1 HI II It 17 1 .'» ."» ^ Ii 1 7, M 1 1 III •t J l^ 1 N '.1 ii 7 1 ,, •^11 .1 J III '1 u 1 :, 1 1 i; II !l ."> 1 ;, ^11 "l J III <| I'l II 111 II ' 1 J II ■_. Ml S :; III s I'l '1 U 1 II '1 11 1) Mil l_' .'l 17 •^ .'i ; ', '1 J 1 1 MIS 1 10 ^ t; Is 7 111 1 ' 1 , ; n 1, Ml 7 1 III III ."i 1^ 'i Nil !l 1) II .'i ^1 (1 1 111 s 1 I'l -, III II 7 II J Ml ,; '• l.'i s 1 17 11 '. 1 "l N N II '1 ^l J 1 i 1 1 1 •1 II 17 N \ > '1 1' 1 .' ^l 11 Mr.Ul \:,l;l.- •t \ ^ ■_' 1 • 1 Ml s \i\fi- rli-Mhirji; III!' I" III I I; I l;| \l. \ii I . I . ■|^. I iil:\l \. Summary of Observations D.Hr. .lulv :;i. I'liiN, ii,,il(i' Ii, .V: U . \,, J;,, MrCii riuwi-itv, '' 'll'lll ■IH'|.,| s I'l :i III |;,i,l .| li. Ill |, ,1, i)Ml.ili.,;i ii'l I iiiinuli- 0, ,..,-,;/ ^ '■ Mi-lli'i'l 111 -liikiiiii -lialhl, -piva.liiiL: "ii ahiM na ir -!,li'~. -'. Ixill'l "I ilial'l lialilial. •' <''ili'lin'ili <>\ lidilcr ami datr ni (■Iraliilii; I In n nii^lilv rlr; 1 MaV I'.tOS. !. Ti:!,!- Mra.uJ, 7 Mi -in. •'• I ill' ili'aiK'il, 7.:;o a.m.. ."i,:!!) ]i.iii. WL^mmsma^. t^^bmrnm^msi- Fii.1 . li l\iii.| ..i \,, :!i, |i, tninioli ( 'm:i| ( ',, S\ .|rir\' \i I \li;ih >1- 111 ill \ u 7. II -' 1 . \ Mill s I . S ('i.l.ini (I \Ii If \ :iliif III III I 111 i-lillr III ' I. il a- hlcil a-li .i!t |..T II. in Wi-li;!,! I.I i.ial liiv.l ill,- , I I ' ..liilill-lil.lr liial l( r III i-h aiiil iliiiki I-.' U.i'Jil 1. 1 (linker ill,< 1 i:i Wi I'Jil 1.1 a~l, 111- I. . >Ci(i J,'t."il I |. .1m- .//,./ /•/.,i li I I. All |.ii --IIIV illp;. I liij. iliirlir. 1,1' Wall I I, 1 1 . 1 1.' all. .\c )!h a) iLiliil.i 17. .\lii.iiiiil 111 ilali |i II, i|irl ii|iriiii|.. , lull. ( (i|.c|i .■i,."i') |i III t.iH.jl 1**. ■rrlii|.rlali|lc ul' all in li.iilii |i,,ii~i- i |' 111 I lui' Il lii|.i laMil-i I •jn, .\nal\.|-i.| .|i\ lliir ::a~ I'V v.il I.I' line ' ',('<», lis. ( ) (■( ) \ Mr ■_'I . riiiij.crat nic III' |r|.,| \\alir i I' 'I'lilal \srli;lil i.T I'l livrl, , Wall I lr\i| ■' ': ":itiT 111- I, riillVrli .1 I . ir i Jill, rcnri ■ ,,|' l7.ii'H n L:aiii;i. al -lail i lin'lic-i. Illli-ll I ilirjic^). . .Ill- mill I'm!- ilil'lrn nci- of lf\.| ill,- ). inrlinlnl all Jli. .'^IrMIM |ill'--UI'i I- li\ Liall;:r i lli-, |iir -i|. in. I >alii|iictcr 11 a'llii'j 1 inrlii-i. . I'jr--urc ill calm ilhrti r li\ iialluc (11) '.'. 'riiiiiirral llfl' ^ll. III I . ral lire in rainnnifli-r i I . i A'lj/i I'.ial liiini^ uitli nnirli llaliir ami .-innkc. Crill iipcn ii\cr ikcr liliii-li. iilar-lir ulic'ii hul; liic. Nul ciikiiiM at alk ('111 (•a>il\ lrni(i\c,|, liiii riial iMiiilil nut l.i' i;-ci| mi a -liak I'll!' ili-alinl mi' mill'. >lirci| thi'rr tiiii.-. W rather ciii.-e ailil Warm. ; I'JMil i-arlimi . Fr(..\iniatc alial.\>is \'i)l:itiir inattfr, . 1 Artliliic (|u:illtv of r,,:i\ Km,loff,u.l.Xo.:i,ii.,..l, Ki,„l of , ■,„„:,.•... Hx..,! 1m,.. :i.. ,,.■,■ ,..„„ ,; MHho,|of>,ani,man,I.Mo,.,,i„.,,„,,|„,,,,„„, ,^ ., ^^ , MilxTluMtii,,. >u,tac(. C.,|uarc U'rt). nil ' "•"•"•>' Har„n,..tor at start. l'-).(U, ;„ ,i„ish. ..„..-,,, „„,,,„ ^,,,.-,, 7'"^'/ Qi«iiililirs -- 1- Hate of trial. . . -. Duration of trial (hoiir.s) ■i- WVi-ht of coal as fircil ill.s.). . . I. I'crccnia.uc of moisture in coal as fired c , i ■V Total w.M-ht of ,lry comI. |i,v,| (||,.,). ' '■'■ Total ash and refuse (lbs.). . T. l',- •'• '"'a ue„h, „f .vater M ,o ,he l.o.ler corrected ' for " ' dillerence of level (|1,< ) '"■ '•''''r':'''' "''''■'■'""''''"'''■'''''''' ''O-tea.nfron, actual '■"'"' .'"•'"' "•'"■•• «'>"l'<'iMtiir, and boiler pressure Ihst ,7,;>, "• '■''''!;;;:'''"';;''■'■ ••-•"'••'''•■'ii"''-.i'ystea,ui^^^^ •- //(iiiih/ (jiKinlilii.- — I-. Dry coal fiivd per hour ill.-.). !■;■ '/''^■'■"^'' l'"'-^'il'"'-'.'"-urfa... per hour, lbs) ■ >team (Ib-i !;'■ ';''"'^'';''"l''^''l-"n,.ionperhourfr.Huauda, 21' F dlw i '" '■•'l""valen,evaporaMon per hour iron, and :,: H'' V ,;,, "■'I- "• "! "ati-l' heali,,- X>\ •> . - -'.S71 ."..,,1 :.'(i.!i.'u J ,,!,■' V '"'"I.Ma.u.-eoffeedwate, en,e,-in.b,„|er,de.. F, ■■ -'-rapinu ^,„es f,o,u boiler (dei;. V , -"■ ''■'■"'"■'■ '" '''■^'" I"'-'-" 'ian,per and a^h-pi, m,,, „f Uatiui. -i. Pcicilaiie of iiKji-lure in vie.an. lis. I '^"^^iV^JKlOl^ i;i!) IK i-ii •27 lliir.ic-poirrr — 22. ili»isc-])i)\v('i- (lcv(li)iic : .ill) (iO..") ■_':{. Itiiililcis' rated lioisc-powcr. . 00 ■.M. Percent ;ii;(' of huildei-:' rateil lioise-pdwer ileveloped 101 Ijfiiiiiiinc lit shIIs — ■J"). Water apparently evaporated under aetiial conditions per 11). coal a> fired (Item ',1 : Item :5) .").!)f) _"i. I'.(|uivalenl evaporat ion from imd at L'l'J-' I", pel- lli. coal as lired (Item I I : hem :>l . 7.()S J7. Ilipiivalent evaporation from and at IM-J I', peril), of drv coal ( Item 1 1 : hem o) . 7.-_)7 •Js. ricjuivaleiit evaporation from and at L'l'.'" !■'. |ier lli. of coinhnstihle consnmed (Item II :- Item .s) 7.,s;{ /•,//((•/( /('•// — 2'.' Calorific value of dry coal per II). (H.'i'.r.i 13..s()() :{<•■ ■■ " of the comhnstihle per lb. (H.T.r.) 11,71(1 ill. Iltlicieiicy of hoiler ihased on comhiistihle consumed (',) '>\ • [ ■5-. ■' " '■ iiicludini; lifate (ha.sed on ilry coal) (,' ; ) .")(). (i Flui (idsi's — ■ V.i. Dry flue ;;as per lli. caihon i from .) . . . •_•_'.(; •)1- " " comhustihle <-onsumed (from nas analvsis ) dhs.) , I,s;.(; i)."). I)r\- flue .nas per 11). dry coal tfi-oni iias anal>-ses) (Ihs.) 17. ;{ ;5l). Proportion of heat of fuel in escapini: dry flue jia^es i' , l . 1.").7 Sii;ned. .Iniiv Ui.iz.vun. lAI.I I L M IU\S Calculations for Trial No. 58, leading to Figures given in the Summary of Results Form B. Items .\(js. I to IP' i-eipiii-e no cNplanal ion. //(/// .")P.- -Total weii;ht of dry coal filed. This is found from the total wciuhl of coal tired, less \veii;ht of moit ure per pound coal, from Item fP) = 2,'.i.". 1 ,■ 1 1 ().()J7i ■J.N7I pounds //(/// 7P.- Percentage dry coal unconsunied. The icfiise \viiliilr;i\Mi from the a-iipil always contains a propnitioii of loiiilmsiilile matter in addition to the ash. or reall\- incomlmstilile jiari of the liiel. A certain amount of the ash in the coal hurnl i~ al\va\- lo~t l.\ heini: ca'iii-d otV in the form of dusi hy the Hue i;a-es or otherwise, Tlir actual "ciiihi of rcfu.M' taken from the asli])it is. therefore, les- than the weiulu of that pan of the fuel which is not consumeil. Item 7.\ iiive- the proportion of the ilry coal which is not consumed, esliniati'd ficnn thi> ,-inal>-is of the iefu>e ' lliiii- t:ikcii Inim llu- ■ .■Siiiniii:ir> ol ( )l>MTV,-it iiMi~" arc m.-nki'd A illcni IJA. clc.i, tti.Kr In.in the ■ SiiMiiii:irv ol Krviill-' ;uv ma|■|^ca H. m:^ 2S rcniovcd: Inin 7M ( M i;l\cs llic ]irii|i()II|oii ;is ;ici li'ss iliiiii 7.\. .'ii rali-iihitiuiis liMscd on (■(,inl,us used llii'diiiilioiit. ii:illy \vci,i:lic(l. Miiil i<, ((f roiirsc tll)lc inii^uilicil, 7A ll;is licci Hem 7A. -Tl ic iii;itcn:il iviiiovcil (r,nn the aslipit , luring- l tamed 1 \.\) per ,rnt (Item IIA) of (•(,iMl)ii>til »• fnal cDri Sr,.l p,T cent (if real a>li. lint tlic d cent of real a-li, and, tiieivfuiv, must ilile matter and 100 - 1 l.{) yy ciial as an.'dyseil cont; 100 sr,.] 1st have contained .').!( x rent (if refuse consisting of 1 |.|) per c,.,it of comliiistiliL jxr cei.t of asl). Also lOO-ti-'J or DIM actually cotisumed as conihiistihle. uncil .).!» I or (Ml e matter and n.I per cent of the drv coal lireil \v //(7n 7H. -The iiercen1a,!re as determined fr t aken from as tijiit is: — im the weiiiht of refuse act •iiiht of clinker (Item ll'A) -f weight of ash (Item l.'iA) total weiVht of dry coal (Item o H) iiallv lit() As just e\i)!ain(N lU-m nH.— Total weiuht of This is evidently: - Total weijiht of drv coal (I lis is less than Item 7A. 100-1 .-.; L's71 100 comliustihle consumed. Ill :iccount of loss of asl tem .") M) :iOO -Iteiii7A) 100 ~ 1(10 .'(170 111 ll'm lOH. -Kouival imvalent water evaporated into drv st water temperature, and at boiler i)ressure (pound eam. from actual lV,M s). The feed water immpcd into the h siiico steam withdr.awn from ihe tain unevaponited moisture. A liler was not all actuallv evaporai steam dnini of the boiler was found to eorrection must, therefore, be applied. ' e nave as data: Item 2(i.\— iSt Item 27A— H eam pressure in boiler by .irauiic iromet He jiressure per s(j. in . per SI), in. Absolute s team ]iressure ib. j ler s,|. ill. Latent heat of .ste.ain at tl 1 :;:'•:• Heat of the licr s((, ji per S(|, m,,. i;,.(i Absolute steam ])ressure 11 >. per s(|, in. '1.1 M.r. '%'. 2!) 'I'litMl li(';it of .>tcalll at I ivT.r. us pivs.-iirf d'riP!!! sicaiii lali 'I'diincmli li:.s.;j ijx'niluiv of >aluialc(l>lcain al :!()•! 111. |)«tsi|. in. (I'mni tallies! ilctr. I'.. ■>.*((). 1 Item 2'.>\ Actual lcln|ici-at lire in caldjiiMctcr ilcu. I'. Mijicilicat 111 calnriiiictcr dcL;. I' 41-9 :>■_'() -N \ii\v t:-l the -pccillr IhmI nf miimtIhmKmI ■-tcaiii uc lia>c: total lirat of I |M.im,| sicaiii at oO-l imhumIs |m !• M|uaii' inch Mi|icrlii'atcil 11 .'.P ' H.-.s.:;: (().(ixl!-!i, ll.-.s.;! --.I lis.;. I. H.T.r. •niisisll,,. sam.. a- the total heat of oiii^ |iouiiil of uci steam helore eiiteiiiii; calorimeter, -'■lie no heat is lost or iiaineil. Hence, if the sieaiii is passrd ir ,, the ..loriiiietcr without los- oi' -aiii of heat, am! containe.! oiiuiiially .c pel .■cut (if iiioistiire. we ha\c Kid- .r fn. Ml which .)■ (((i per cent. I'I'ahle I \'. Col. 27). Item 21. \. -.\,L;aiii. feci water temperat iiiv w:i- 7:!-.") I', ami. from steam tables, one pouinl of water rei|uires II ■.■. H.'l'. C. lo warm it from 32 to 7.i--V ; hem . Heat .mveii tocach jiouml of I'eeil watei' at 7:i-.V' to foi'm one pouml of wet .steam of lota! heat ll>;i.| K.T.l'. lis:!-! -11..", II ll-!) Ji.T.C. Hilt if the holler steam hail Keen dry ami satiirateil at a pressure of |:>2-!» piMiiiils pers,|uare inch ahsohite. its total heat per pouml woiihl have heeii II>nS-:{ B.T.r.amI the heat ,i;ivcii lo each pouml of feed water would have hcen ll,vs.;{- II..-, IIKi.s M.T.r. i ■■nee. the actual heat -iven to 17,ti!)I jimiiHl- of feed water, con v<'rt iii,u them into steam >till containiii;;- ()•() per cent of moisture, would have coin). let, dy evaporated, or turned intu dry >tiaiii 1M1-!I '"'''■" "■ I I Ui-S '"•''-" l"iilliils of t'eed water. This liwure is, therefore, taken as the water actually evaporated corrected till moisture ill steam. Ilfin Un. — Iviuivaleiit waterevaporated intoilry steam from ami at 212'. From jirevious calculation the heat liiveii to one pouml of feed water at • '■'> and formim;- a pound of steam of the ipiality actually ileliverd l,y the I'-ilcr was found lo he llll-lt H.T.r. But if .steam had heen formed from \\at> r at 212' and at ai ino-|iheiic pivs-ure. the heat required per pound would have been cv >i|Uaii' t'")l of L;iali' -urfan' per lioiir. Ilfiii IJ H : li'-7'.l JvT-l : Iti.T'.i 17 • 1 puiiinls. Ill II, 1 IIV \\ alfi- 1'\ apiiialcil pi'V hour, rurrccicil lur i|ualil>' nf >icaiii. ilciii 11) H : IitinJB ITtl.MI ; 1(1 I7(ij puuinls. Ill III I'lU. |j|ui\ali'iil ('\ apiirat inn per In mi' from ami a( '2\'2\ lii'iii 11 K : Item J H JO'.t.'d ; 1(1 ■_'()'.»_' poiiii. Is. Ill III KiH. {^(luivalclil csapolation p;'i- lujiir iVoiri ami at Jl'i' p' ! .-quarc loot ipf wali-r licati!ii; siirt'acc. Item 1.") U : (i;!!( JO'.I-' :- d:!'.' :!--'7 pouii'l.-. 'I'lic llcm- 17 1(1 'JoH rcipiiic no csplanal ion. Tlic nicl lioil of olitainii .• l1(■m Jl H ! moi>l nic in -tcami iia> alrcailx' lircn ui\cn (sec \inilci' Item li'i The >iniplr (•aliulalioli> fo|- hem-- L'.'i to Jsj! alv ;;i\t'n on the >lici't. //(/// L'idV Calorilic value of i|r\- coal prr poiiml. 'I'lii^ ipiani it y w ,- (Ictcrniincd in each ca>>' in a liomli caloiimeter. ali'l lull ilclails ol the caji-'. nictiic ic-t- will lie foiinil. in I'ai't I .\ of thi~ \'oluni'' //.(/' iidlV Calorilic valur of thr conilnist ililc per pouml. Item 7 \ show.- that '.(11 per cent of the ili\" coal lir<'il was comh .- lililc. hence calolitlc value of one jiound of cinliust ilile KHI ■ caloiitic value of I 111. .Iry coal 1()(( ■ l:!s(i() !(l-l Ul-l III III 1)1 IV I !llicienc\- of hoi lei' i ha-cil on coniliusl ihle C(Ul-llluei| ) . 'Ihi- elllciencN i- the ratio of the heat acluallv Used ii, Walinim.' :i:: cvajioral iiii: water, to the heat olitained from, and rendered a\ailal>le li\ , i.> fiirnai'e. I'lom Item _'^ K foi' each pound of comlii|>t il >ie con-umed there \\:- liivcn to liie Water in the lMiil( r an amount of heal ei|ui\alent to ihe ( \ap ■ ,. tion of 7-'^:> pound- of water from and, at 2I_' . hence lliun 2^H ■ !»ii(i 7-^:> ■ '.tiKi litiiciency . .■> 1 • 1 pel cent. ! iem odli Mill) Jhiii dL'lV l!lliciency of lioiler including Liiali' diax'd on ili-y ccial Thi- ellicieiic\- i- the ratio of the heat aciuah>' u>-i| in warmiii- .!; , e\ apoi'at ini; water, to the hi.-ii which would li ' oluained hy the piu't'ect <:,'.i. Iiii-tion of ih,' coal lired. allow in^ foi' the nioi-i uiv pre-em in the coal. r roiii Iteni 27 H an amouni of heat eipiivalent to l he evaporatio: ,: 7-27 pounds of Water fiom and at 212 was olitaitied iVom the comliu-i i.': -: fach pound ol' iliv coal :.ml utilized, heime J 1 171(1 \\\ l!llicienc\ Item 2715 viMiti '.MID = .")(l-(i pel- cent. Itdu 2'.»H KiSiiil III III :i.)ll. Dry Hue L;a- p(U' pound of carlion ifr(Un ;;as analyse ..^ ^-r- I'l'lri'i'i'ij to livilin^ii'ii a- imil\ air takfii a> ( 'aiiii'" 'liiiviilr. •_>•_' < l\v;;i'li. . . It'i ( 'alliiili lii'iliii\ii|r It Nil liii;rli. I'll-. II ■riiil- llir \\cii;lit of 11)0 vulmiir- n\ line i;a-. i-uiit ailiiliL' li, viihinic:- of car- li'ii liiiixiiii-. 11 . \ iijuiinv-. Ill' ii\yi;rii. li , iil ral In m iiiiiiiip\ii|i', aliil li , ' il' nil ni;;i-ii iii.j iitlii'f li'-iiliiai i;aM'>. uniilil he i;i\cii 1)\ ilir i-\|iic--iiin ■-'I'll, ■ Hill , ■ I I 111, ■ 11,1 lull il nlriirii In till' urit;lil iil' 1(1(1 \iiliiliir- nl' li\i|riii:cli. Now railinn iliii\iilr rciiil aiii- i, uf ii~ wi-i'^lii ul' ca I imii. ami cal'liuli iiinlMixiiir niniain> I; III' it- wciiiht nl' rai'liiiii , -n thai llir uriL^liI nl' ralii'in ill 1(10 \uluiiics III' lliir ;;a^ will lir ■_'-.'ll, II 1 In (i I II , - iij 100 100 liliH - till' \Vrii;lit III' 100 \iillinii'> 111' liyiiliii;rii. Ili-nri', llic \\cii;lil nl' Hue nas < Miiiailiilij; mil' jinuinl ul' railnm uili lir Wfililit 111' 100 Viil>. Iliii' iia.- L'L'ii, • ICm, ■ 1 t 111 : 11,1 wi i;:lit III' railiuii ill IO(l\ 1,1-. Ilu(';:a> (liii, ■ n ,) 1 1 11, ■ N|i„ • 7l II , : II ,1 .•; — '■ — iiiiiiinl.- .il II I • II ) iirivii, '.••s:ii, s-_';ii, !•■_': II, Ml-^ami I 1 It-s) is • s.Ji ■ 7i 1 .■_' ■ so. SI 717. I hiiii :ioil I •■_' '.I -SI L'J -I'l |niUllih 1 /'' '" .IIH, Diy Iliir Lia~ jiiT |iiiiiiiil III riiiiiliii-i ililr riiii-iiiiii.il. Tntal ill \" rnal U.-i'il Tlii> i- L;i\rli li\' ilciii '-llU ■ , • I I i.tal riiliiliil>t ililr i-iin-Uliiril. , ,. Ili'lii .'lis L'^7 I lliiii .1.1 ■ 17 .■; . llrlii s|5 ' ■ 2(i7(i |S.(i |llill|li|-. /'' III :;."ilV I )iy lliii' L:a- prr |iiiuiiil nl' ilry rnal. Tlii- i- L;i\i'ii liy llciii :!:;!? • lailinii |i|.i- jiniiiiil n| ilry rnal llrlii 7A Itriii :!:! ■ 1 1 HI L''J.ti'-. 0-7»i7 17-;l |inuiiiU. /'. /.. .",(iH, I'lnpnit inn nt' lioat nl' I'lU'l ill i-rajiili^ A:}' lluo ;;a-r-. I 111- i- llic latin nl' till' ileal I'airii'il a\\";iy li\' tlii' tliir liasf,-. in llii' l,rat 'AJllrll Wnlllii lie ilc\(.lii|i|.|| liy the rnni | ill'l !• i'nniliU>l Inn nl' tllr alllnnni nl' i||-\- nal liiv,!. I lir air I 111 nil li; i he tuniarr a la I rniiiliinini: with t lir liifl ira\«'> I In- linilcr ' :lii' iciiiiirraturi'^iviMi li\' IliMii I'.lA. tlu' cnliTiim li'iiiji/faHirc lii'iii^ L:ivfii i_ ^ ^i^ymasmm^j3i^ywiiS7'vwiF3aim .JJ )V Item ISA. Ni'ulfcliiiLj the (lilTiM'ciici' li'lwi'cii llic wciuhi nf air ciitfi-in uiii llic wi'iiilil i>< Hue uav li'Mviiii: ll"' lioiliT. and lakiiii;- (l-_'l a- the iiii'a ipi'cilir lirat (if the ;ia>, cai'li |iiimiil of lluc ua-^ cai'rics aWay ().-.M (Item \U\ Item |s.\) M.'l'.r. 'I'lieivfiire, I'di' eaeli |Mimi(l i>\ dvy cnal llie Ileal cai'iieil away i> Item :!.'.H <(»■■-' r<(lieiii l!tA lleiu ISA) - l7-:i •: l)-.'l (tlKi -'.(I)-.".) ..'IMIBTII. l!\|p|'esse(l as a iiropinlioii ul' tlie lieat \-alue ol' a piiiiinl nf 'Iry cna 1 (It. 2'.lH Ml- sA) tliis lieeoiiie- ■JIM) KtstiO KlU i:p-7 I ie|- cent. KKMAUKS ON HOII.IOU I'lilALS AND IKKIK lilv-ri.r.' \' \i.i i; l i;i: .series of coals it is thus impossihle to slate definitely their actual or even rela- tive values tor steam purposes, unless coin] iiplete information as to cost of U und hihoiir is available, and in the present instance all that can br done i- iliscus tl le leading chara( teristics of the coals tested. re^'arre ariann-eil m i;eoi;|-ai)liical order. he ^vdlle\• coals are jji served that the coals veil lirst.follov bv tl le coals Iroiii Inverness and I'ictoii counties. Xova Scotia, from ll >prin,irhill and .loi;;: ins coal lieit Is in X( iva I^cotia. and fi'om the (Jrand I. ll field in New Brunswick. The next mouj) is from the we-t . and incluMi' tlu' bituminous coal , limiiles.aiid linnitic coals of Saskatchewan aiu l.Ml the (,'rowsnest coals of Hritish Columbia follow, and next m order aiv tli' i coals from the Casi'ade coal field. Alberta; the series is concluded by tlii' n- niuiniii^ Hritish Columbia coals, inciudiii;; those from Vancouver i-l:iii.l Sanii)les from the Yukon could not be included in the series of boiler t!i;i!-, lis ;■. sullieieiit (luautity of coal was not available. CiiMPosniDN UK COM.S 111 the .samiiles on which l):iiler trials wer,' iii.adi'. the projiortion ol a-:. varied from 'J-T per cent . in a washed Cap' Breton coal, to l!)-S per '-cut in oni' of the .\lb:M-ta coats. Volatile matter raii.ired from rJ-'>, in a \v:;-ht : coal from the <"ascade coal field, up io til per cent, in one of the Saskatch' "a:: li;;nites. Th" proportion of fixed carbon was from l_'-'.l per c(>nt in the just mentioned to 7s-ii in a washc d coal the C iscaile c( )al field, fi moisture (;ont( ut was naturally least (O-li percent) in one of the anthr titi CO Ills anil lar^rest C.".)-? ]i('r cent) in one o f the liiiuites. It is probab msf'wmmgi.^i^mmm\ i iiiiiii i fK'Kkwmf&i^si iN33aid-a^wnsKico jTausnawoo mo" QTcvb ~ADN3ioijj3rM3Tioa^ mj^.<-j»ai\t;mfSii* lifeil varied from 7, .')•_'() to 1 t.OlO H/lMf. per pound. rovnrrtov of toals wiikv ti'.stkd 'I'lie notes in Colmnii ."), TaMe I\', t;ive sonio inforniatioi\ as to the treat- mciit of the Various coals at the colliery, liut further detail- will he foinid in I'm III, \'ol I. of thi- re])oii, 'I'heir treatment after delivery at 1 he I iiiversity is descrihed in detail in I'ail 1\'. Vol. I: hut, speakinj; -enerally, it may he said that the coal as fired didcred only fn.ni that delivere.l in that all lumps were broken to [yas.s tlirouuh a ;{* rinj;. None of the -mails was removed from the coal, nor was it screened after |)assini; thi-ou^h the crusher. Kor this n'asoti <'omi)ar;itively small {\") oiicninirs hetween the L;rate burs were adopted, and. as mentioness\ire of draft and the rate of combustion were, of course, varied as little as possible throughout the series, but necessary cluinges were made for each trial with a view to securin;: the best jiossibk^ gas analysis, and their anio\ints are indicated by the tif;\ires rei)reseiitinic the weitjht of dry coal fired per s.juare foot of ,i;rate per hour, the minimum for which is 13. S jHiunds with a coal of excellent quality, while the maximum is 2:? -^ pounds in the case of 01; of the li,u;nitcs. The iH'tter coals naturally recjuired the lower rates „f combustion, and as a rule jrave the hi.sher boiler efncienl, tlu.,-i.it^-nv-l..m.lin« to ,1... -u.m,>1.- I'M- >•»■ »'- n „.„i.... r.nviM. M,u,l, i-.u,,.. ^^l,i.■l. a..- ru,...llv 1- -.■.•-.. ,'-l,al. tl,;„ -,„„.■ .h:m^. in .1,.. ,u:.l., V ,.M1,..«- N, "-urrin. Annn, rUrW..M unavoubl.lv ..la, I LHw.,-, .I,- .nupli.,., rla-n.al analvMs. a.Hl .■alon „„„.,,, I,, „,„„„„i„„-. :,n.i -la. I„.il..r .rial-, alTn.,l- a,, ..s,. aMa.inn ul tl. a|,,,a,vM.K In.l, l,„il.., Hlin..,,.,.- ol..ai I uhS .h-.K 1,- ....ujval-n with tlir-r '■,.;,!-. wliirh Irn.U I-. ruhll.lH tl.r al.oV VW» I, i- u,.ll 1 u„ ,l,a. ,..a!> hi.h in liv.i .-MrlM.n a.v, in ^.MaTal, utili., , „,„.„„„,, i„,,,,n,, ,,,,.UtlK.M-po-MM,. wi,l.n.al-lnJ,mv,,lan ,„,„„,,,„, |„u;:.tiv.,l..arh.M,. ri,,;;.,illu-n-a,.-rln-Kv-Uuu,n. .,- .an.., a-,MMla.,Mni.a,larl«.il..an,lra..M.fwo,.kin..M,,|,lov...lnMh..-,..nal-ilyt«.- .,,,.,,,,i,,,Hii,.i..n,vlKr-r,luM,.on,lMM,l.l.-anatlw..vfnn.,.x,.lu.ln,....ra,..ia. 1 „,, ,iN,..l ,.ar!..,M ,.„„....,. ol ,1„. ,.,„nl,u-.,l.l- |-ti..n nf ,1,.. h.rl. l-iv, ajra... ,i„, ,„..l. m, fj.ana i:ia,.l..'ar U, .ivv -.„u..uha. al.nonnal .vM.lt,. and ..• ,,.,i,.., .,n,.i..,„.i..- a- pl""-l ^'••- l'-'-''l^ '"^'"" .l,aM.U...n... valu..>,..r ' ""■iCrunvs „f ri.^.:;^ ana ;i(; Uaw l-..,, u-a .n aiMU^-,,,. .h.. val..- „f,la.va.-i..u-n.al>'anaa~a,n,.: f ..Mi.na-i,.. tla... v...ll...,n. on.tl.nvM ., „,., ,..,nl.uMi.,n in ..a.h ra.-r, tl,..ir inai.'at..n> I,,.,,, ,.ons..l..,va „.. lu i "■ 1> ,1,,,.,. „f n.hnnn, .!^ ana 10. TaM- IV. (Kiu.. .as p..,- puuna -.1 -•oal ana : ., ..•I- i..nii«Tatu|.|.) for tlii- |iiir|"i-(., V .•vn..,al r,„„pansnn of all tla- mal- i< iviwl-Mva ...->• l.v tl..- tvv,, a,:,- „,a.ns oi ii-. :!7. "Inrl. aiv ~..|l .-xplanatoiv. In stuavn.il tlu's.. a.aj;fan,-. liiains i, si,ouiaiM.lM,n,..innnnathal higher ..vaiHTaliv.. .■tli.'i..ru.i... r.ml. |„. ,,l,laia..a ni a lai-..!' alM tuuiv ,.Hiri..nt Imp'I.t plant. uia. (pf coui- ui.i.vrivi Mt.Hlf "!■■ nil. <"\i.-- I„ worki out th.- .VM.lt> of ,!,..-.• tl-ials -..v,.ral atl...n|.t- l.av.- o.,.,: 1,, ,„,i,,,..,-inin.. an md.^ inn„l.,.r or ti..'nr,. for ..a.-h .'oal. >v|nvs..„tnr: i- .,i.a.n-.-aisin. vahf a~ ron,,,a..a with that of .on,.' w.-ll kttovvn >tanaa,^h ,. V ,„•,..>, ,L.l,.',.ti„i, t,. th.. inrlu-ion of M.rh h.^iu-.- in the Miimnaiy ot ivmiI'- - h.^vv.-.., ti,at th,.v Nvuuia n..,.....arilv 1,.. ,.al..ulat..a without r,.l..ivn,v u- •: ,,i,,.,f,,,a,,,th.."..o>,-u,u,.,..orth..ro>tofit,t,.anM""'>^'"-"-""'^^;""''''"'" f.,,.,. h.. misWain:: t,.th.. lavinan although prrhap- inMrurtuv to th.. .■,..:■ .- who r,,uia appiv th.. n..r..>,<- l„.1tu.n.narix..a in Tahh- '\: ^i;''';^^/;;;j^';;';"' ;;• (iiii\- i:ivi. sui-'n ina...\ iiuiniicr., in ai.-ru.-Mni; :m- •■.:■, ft- -u-- ::•■■■•■ ip^ '■>. '.•> iiii' ',S('.. |)|). -M til ■'•'■<. ■ Si'v .4IS0 p. 1 1 . 1 X B 3.*. The imtlio.l of iirriviiii; at uii imjcx nuiuhpi- win. Ii '.v.^, tin, IK- i.lMfn.a w,!"- worki'cl out in llu' full()wiiii» w.kv:-- riic rcorunriii- valilr of a ^tfaril ni^il. apart in.m m i,.h|. vv:»- i;,k, ii a- .1. I'rlnliilS.' O'l: — lai TIh- ariiciiltil uf -train ..l,ia,iir,l fn.ii, a ui\,.|| wnuiil .il il„ |„,.i us t,r..l Thi". vi.lctitly lake- ai'<'.,iiiit ..| tl„. (.||'.ct of tlir coinl.ti-lil.lr |m ,,|».rtii-s „f Ihr .-..al Oh llii' lM.il,T.lhri.-|H;, . ami also allow- for tin- alnoiilit ali.l valilr .,1 Ihr (■oliil.ilMll.lr |.a|-t of 'la coal. al..l (nv tji.. I.rat loMMf^ ,1,1.- to the li^;!, t.ln|..Talur.' of thr Ihic -a-.-, or ,|i|r [,, clcaiiinu fir.'-, r.'lii..val of a-ii. aM>i (■\a|». ration of liioiMuiv in (•(mI. riir , >.|,rii-... of lial|.|liii:z '■-! ill 'hf Ihiilcr r...,in f,,r a ;:i\.-ii production of -t.ani will .■viiinilly I,) |,-a i u,,. iv il,, ,.v ipo ration |M'r poim.l of coal i- IT la-it ull.l ii, thcivfoiv, al-o lakcn arc.,iiit ..f, ibi Th.' r\p,.nic of lal.om lor lian.lliiiL? a>li aii.l ivfu-.. «||| I,:, ^r.'ati-l in rliiikcriiiL'iMMl- proiliiciiiii niiirli ivfiis.. which will ik.i p,i-- ihrou^h ihc -t it.'. Tvv., ,;,a\< of c(|iial .'vaporalivr iiow.T p. r poim.l may cvi.irnll^ 1., of tiucpial ivoimnii.' valil.' from ihi- cail-i I'll., total aliioiinl of iiic, .ml.ii.til.lc inattiT !i;i\iirj be. II t.ik.-n .■iccoiint of iirl. r a), a li-iiiv bax-il on th,. ratio wciiiht of ,isli ,. , , , r I ^vool.l -i\v an i.lca of the lion . Iink<'n'm,'.|ii ilitv »' ivht 111 a-n ainl ihnki'i - I • ,' ni lii.^ fiii'l. The value of thi-, actor, howvvvr, -ho.il.l obviou-ly -niall ai .oinpao'il wilh thai of ^a). jr, iiuiucrical imoimt woiil.l br hi-h. ,ii a foal f"iiiiiiiu liiilr or no rliiikfi .,n.| in whi.-h all or nearly all the ivfii- roul.l !»■ r. tii.e, , .1 by 'he II-,- of .1 -li.ikin- .rate. Ill workin- out ihi- idea, f.ieioi i^i i,.,vive,l a v,\!iie of '(.'i (Mr cent aii.l i'"'"'"' '''••'' l"'i '■'■II'- llii'-i' lii':ur.- imk.'aiiiu' their relative impoi i;,.ac.-, a- -ailt;c.i by ihe followiliL; coiisiileral loii> ; - Il the co-i ,,i labour in haml tiiv.l boiler plant- i- taken at one-imh ! ne ro-l ol ih.efii.'l it-rh, aid if w, a-iiiMe that aboiu oii.-fourii, ol the total l.ibMiii co-l i- .111,. l,.,.|,.anili" invs..|n.i liaii.llin- a-li, -. it wouM .appear that to lliela.-|,,r M,i -hoiiMb,- a-i..:ne,i ;d,oi.' , .i.,.-| Went ietll ol ill,- w.ivht L;iven to '':i''l"i Wii. ali'l llii- ha- acror,liii:K I„.,m ,|,,,i,.. Th,-,. Il^inv- aiv, how- ■ v,..', -..m.'uiiat arbitrary on,.,--, ,ii. th,. i.-ultini; in,l..\ number-- .sh,,uhl lie taken for what thev alv u, ;, riieir ,i,i,.f u-e -!|,„||,1 be. t o r, unpalV •..in.iiis coal- of the -am. ^roup uel lu particular t.i illii-ira' . the . M, ct .if u.-liili;r coal- more cle.irly ti ;, -an be ,lone by .simplv .•..liiparm.. tic- ■'imvalent ev.iporation p. r p,...,„l ,,f coal, washi .1 ami unw..|-he,l. '" ^''''•(■_'i"i~ :' ^':i"'i.ii'i •■'■ i on which to ba-e ilie-, imleN uuiubers, '-■■<> ..H„l.- of Coal oaiiiraily pre.-eiit t hem-i'lves. ilii. fn-t I- a \V,.l>h .lal of h Ji 'pialily. sue! a>.\i\oir- N'avi.^ation. coiHaiiiiiii; about ;J per ceiii ,,i a.-h hmI bavin- a caLriti,- v:ilue of about l.-,,.-,()(( H.T.C. p..r poiiml of ,lrv cal. ■.inch mi;;li. Ih chosen. :iii,l .iiv,.n . cmi imr ,,t' lllil V -..,.;..- ,.,• - ,,-..i iioili.| 1 1 Is iiiaij. e 111 I'.iiiilaiiil with till- I'oal' slew a i lieall Value oi i li,. i Mini: i.Hikm aii.l l\,-iia...ly. lA|i,.riiii,an- on -team l„>il..i-— !,,ii|.l. tii'iTini;. ilil.,'i. Is't:. (»t! 3(i lit' ;il>()Ut (ICi"). aliil il :i>li and ('liiikci- as (he Bahcoik and \\ ilc(i\ :iiii'f|ui\ali'iit t'vapiiralidii (]tr\- |>i)iiiiil of 1 lioilcis (if aliout tlic same clliiaci tT used in the tlials licrr rc|)(ii'tc.|. (•Dal as fircMl) iif al)()iit 10 (I |)(iun. A liiiili das- Wrl-li ciial, Imu-cvcr, llioimh widely kucwii, i< nni ea-u :ivailal>lr in Canada, and it> c|iialilics arc not so familiar lo Canadian pou, il-cr- a- tho-c of ciMiain Arnrrii-an coals, \vhos<" use has hccomc slandani ': . lioiirr iriaU in Ihc rnilcl State-. Sni'li co.J- aiv I'ocalioiitas and ( Ic.u-, - Civi-k. fi'oin the Maiylalid and Wi-I \'iii:ini.i coal field-. 'I'lial- have li.', , made fioni time to time in the .Mc( oil rniwr-il y expeiiineiital lioilcr p!.,! ; with the la-t ti.itned of lhi>,-e. ami for com|iari>on threi' additional te- . were made on No. _' Maix'oek and \\ilco\ hoiler dnriiii; the |iioi;re-- oi t ' serie- here re|ioited on, with ( leor-e- Creek coal |MI|vha-ed 111 .Montie; 'I'ln- coal, a- placed on the C.anailian inarkcl, appe.ars to \ arv .-oinewhai ', (|ilalit\ . and the lea -I '.' II'.' l:;oi,ii I.-, (17 V jN 77 J7,-, I I _) J ,, "- I"' I III l.;.".HI I I l."i s <.i\ jiil 177 lis J n \\. I '.Hi I hi- eoal. a- coiiipa'' d with .\i\on'- ,\;i viual iiili. Would appi'.ar to hr an iiide\ niiinlM^r of al>oi|! s:ls, the method of cal.Milal ion h-iiej,- ;,- |',,||,,u '-id- <;'or.;e- Ci-.-k a- p ii-cli is ^l in Miui-mI. rii.al- .\o<. I. lis, and 7.'. \\eraL;f e'|uivalenl evapoialion per pound of coal :i- (lre,|. s ,",7 ||,- .\\er.r.;e Wei-ht of a-h. ^s lli- clinker, I'm; II,-. I, a-h vs Katio I,... I ■ i-h clinkel _'s I I ol the Wel-h co.d. the (i-;ll-e- ;,re; - 'al .\ve|-ai;e ei |ulv.alent ev,-ipol:il ion per pouml of e,,al a- li'''l I'Kllh-, Value ' ■. I a-i; 1 I- , U (i.") \ alue .'. a-n r chiikiu il.l A vcrauc- rat ft^M^. •=-l?nP'^— writ.- 5 :. ^ iTl: ^:^ Ilrlici' for ( ice )!■;:(■> Creek 1 he imlex nuiiilief as cdnipareil wit h tile ahove wdulcl !)(■: -- ._ '.I") (a) s .1, X s.ii X'." ■> ^1 I 10 I I.I ()-:il < --■'-- (i.:;i -7.7 J- I I dial ^.1-s uinl I'lir any iriveii cil, tlie (ii;ure a- cniiiiiareil .■ith \\CI~li wnuM lie (eipiivaleiit eva|iiii:it iiillX '•' •') r :isli ratio < 7 -Tl per eelit ol', it' (■(iinpaleil ivith < iecirL^e-; Creek. i,e(piiva!enl evapdi-atimi ■ 11-:; ■ a~li ratio '' '.)•■_') p<'rreiit. Tlie elTei't of the term ilo i> well >iiovvii on eoiiipaiiiii:. for instance, coals I.' ali'l l->. ill u liieli U"e ha\e I'ual No. Trial \o. Ivpiiv. Lvap. A-li Clinker A-h U.S. Ih-. Uatio IJ il."> I '.IN 2t'>.") 11.". II 711 i:; r. I I !ii iHt .",.".i. o is \- ((iiniiareil with. 1 he \\'el-h coal we ~hoiihl have the fi.lh.wiii^ rating: — No. IJ I '.IS '.I .'. . U 711 - 7 7 17 ;; ■ .". I ".-'7', .\o. 1:; 1 '.i| ■ '.I .". ■ Is • 7 7 I'i C. ; 1 ■ I Is II' , ;ili4. a~ coinp.-ireil \\ ith < le.iri;i- Creek, the \ ahle-- Won III lie: - No. i. - 1 '.IS • , i :; 711 ■ '.I J .'.li ;! n I r..' 7' , No. 1:! I '.H ■ 11:! (I is ■ 'I J .".:. .'.17 .".7 -" , No-. I- anil lo are liiiiiite- rariyiiii: a hi^h perc:-nl a^e 1 if ash atnl refuse, 111! IJ pio\e.| ciin-iilerahlv e;i-ier to Work 1 ha 11 M. t he I.eiielit lieiiiL;" ol.vioiisly Liiv.iter than wonlil 1..' -howii l>\' merely cunipariiiL: tlie liijure- for eipii\alent r\:iiioration. I'll' leailef will liiiil the iiiil'\ iiuml.-r- fi.ieach izfoiip of coal- in the iiiiiarl-- atnl table- l.'llim ini:. Ill -eleciiie.; a ci.al for -ie:iiii power purpomiii^e cau-e> no i roui.ie. Siicii laiioi- a- 1 he^-e iii'i-i I.- c.in-iilereil -eparately in each ca-e. 'riic following; is a li>l ul' tlu' coals tested in ol'eler iif evaiiorative eflicieiicy . 1 (..e(|ui\aleiil evaiiinatioii fridii aiui at I'ri-' per pound of euul as lireil: — TAIU.i; \ I Coals in Order of Evaporation (,l!iHli\;ili'iil rva|iiii';iti()M per [Mmiiil of c'oal as lireii.) Coal Ni Location •J7 No. ■_' iiiiiii', ( oal Civi'k. I criiii', li.C S {'\'v\:i\ IP Main scam, Arailia collicn , Wotvillo, N.S. •JJ."> |\\ Msliril. Olil liiiiic, ('ai.aioic. Alta. ■J<) ]\o. ■'. mini', I'oal Crci'k, I'diiii'. H.C SCIrial:!-') |.\Iaiii ^cam. Aradia collicn , Wi-lville, N.S. ■J',) i\o, ',1 iniiii', .\lic-liil. !(.<', :i-j:i M jUa-hcil, Haiiklirail collici-v, liariklirail, .\lta. . SM [Wa-liiil, No. :i miiir. .Micliil. li.C, :«) jNo. 7 mine, Michel, |{,('. M iN'o. :; mine, .\liclicl. HX'. aOO !\\a~l.i'il. Main M'aiii. Dniiiuiioiiil colliei-y, Wcslvill 51 j.Vo, J soaiii, llosmcr, li.C •j:i2 Wa-licil, llilk-n-t oollicrv, llillcir-t. Alia. '_'j ( Hil Miiiu', CaniHuir, .\l(a. ;UTrial:i) Main \ collierv. Cuinl.iTlaiiil, li.C :ij Hill.-iv-t folliciv. IlilliTcM, .Vila. •.':il Waslu'il. IViiixiri I'ollicrv. C.ilciiiaii, .\lla. .">■_' No. li >cani. llosmcr, IVC, 3 iTrial7i Main ~cam. I)nimiiii>iiil I'olliciy, \\ C-l villc, .\..-^ J I aye I'it scam, .\lliioii colliery. Sicllarloii. N.S JIM Comox colliery, CnmU'rlaml. B.C. . . .No. 1 --eam, liellevuo colliery, l.ille. .\lla Wa-lieil, No. 1 spam Ik'lleviie colliery, l.ille. .\lta I'lialen M'ain. (Ilaee May, .N.S. :!r.■> ■S ■•.».» SLM s • JO S-lli ,s.;i S-IK S{)T 7 • s 1 7 ■ ~~ 1 ■ lis 7-();, 7-ti(i 7* 'i~ 7 ■ ■)■ ' 7- I'l , , 7 11 711 7 III 7 111 \\a-lie,l. No. J collierv. Spriimliill, N.S, \\a-lie,l, lliil. seam, lilac- Hay, N, j:i .M liaiiklicail colliery, lianklica. I. \lla Jl 1 !iiii|iiette-), lianklieail. .\lta. . |li j'oiinl >eam, ,\llari ■•liall. Steilarloii. N.S. :{."■ Ilarl.iiui' Mam. I ilaie llax . N.S JIMi Waslicil, No, :t colliery, Spiiiitiiill. ,N.S j:{7 Wa-liecl, llmcry -eam, 'ilaee l!a> . N.> :i 1 i )eiii-oii colliery. Coleman, .\lla :>(; llul> -eam. lilace Hay. .N.S. Ji:i Wa-lieii, .No. 1 collierv. Sviliicv .Mine-. N.S. '■'u l!merv scam, lihice liav, N.,"". Jll |\\a-li'eil, Kinu' - imiie, Minlo. N.I! U iNo, J colliery, Syiliiey Mine-, .N,.s. Jll 'UellinKton M-aiii. CuMilierlaiiil, ll.< ■ i:) .No. 1 colliery, Sydney Mines, N,S. .') .No. J collierv, Spriniiliill, N.S . IS I. eitcli colliery. I'as-I.iirc. .Vila. Is rpper M'am. .No. I mine, Nanaimo. 15. C . . JII7 \\a>lieil. rhiiinecto colliery. Cliii;i to, .N.S. , Jill Wasleil, lilt, -eam, \ ale :-ollier.. . .New Clascnu, Jill Ua^lieil. .louL'in- collierv . .loL'L'ins. .N.S. JJJ M Ua-liecl. MiiMlc-l)oro i-'lliciy, Coiille,'. IVC . li .No. .'! collier.\ . Sprini:liiil, .N.S. . . N s (J ■ so li- 7'' 11 7 1 li , i> 1 1. 1.1 II ,,! li .'1 '>..:.;/!■ JiW^k'.: TAHl.i; \l l(„nlu,ll,,l.) Co:,! Xo. I.ucMliiN. 17 I.oxviT sitiiii. No. 1 iiiiiii'. N;iii:iiiiii). M.C ■S2 M Mi(lli('il. Miimilii' cdHicry, liivir llclicil. N.S. -1 lilt. M';iiu. Vii'c collirn. N'l'W (il;i-i;i'". N "^ II Kind's mine. .Miiiti), N.li. . II (I'.ilt ,,il. N S . 1(1 .lotiliii-- (■(illi( ry. .idixuiii-. N.S. , . '1 Miiiiulio'iollii'ty. Hivcr llciicrt. .N.S 1 I Invi'i'iK— (rolliciv. ( liimicctii, .N.S. 1-2 r:i|-lv,l;ilc Coal Ci.. IJlin.,!. ton. Alt:i. ,. i:! ('iin(i,l;i Wi'st Coiil Co.. 'laln'r, Alt:i III Wcrtcm Dominion collicn . Ta^ loiloii. Sa^k. l^iuiv K\;i|i. (i ■ 1 7 II- ir (i-iiii r, III I'lICi .". i.ij .■,■'.•_' .") • >.". '• ■ >•-' .',■(17 .") 11, ."> r,ri .") Ill .j 111 l-tlN l.^ll riti; vi'MiAT v\i) ni;ii wiDi.'ii ny co\h i\ I'lUi; It '..- (ifli'ii tlif C':i.-t' tliul ;i coal of sat i>f;ictory caldrMic value aiul rca-nii- :it)lv IdW in ash jiroves tiiisiiitahlc as a boiler fuel on are, unit of its helia\ i.mr ill the liie, anil siirli a enal by reason of llie diHievilty in working; with it may be actually inreriof as a iii:irlic;il fuel to another saliiiile of lower evapoiative (tlii'irticy. The trials here repoHeil included almost every eoliitii'icial van''1\ el eoal. Some welv of eNcelletit i|ualily. and uave little troilliie either a- ivuard- cliiikerin,;: or smoke. Oilier samiile- were troublesome and diiiy, lV(Hiiriii,i; .steam under the L'fate and a nioderati foreed draft to oblaiii the il,-ir,-d re-iilts. I'.rief notes as 1o the iivatnieiit and lielia\iour of the coal- will be found ia .'lie cohiiim in Table I\'. ami fuller information in the detailed lo'.'s ,,f each trial [lublished in \'ol. 1\', of thi^ re|,.irt. for convenience in comi)arin;; the coaN <.f each of the principal .uroii] s, tabli -' and notes are iriven below under the vai'iou.- <;eoe:rapliical headiiiLis , ii,!io.lyiiii; the observalioiis Mi.ade durin.: the trials as lo smoke jiroduclioti. tr.iiilile from clinker, cokiii.i; ((ualities of eoal, and jiossibility of usin^' a shakiii- L'l-aT. The.se, with iiiformatiuu as to the freqiiency of slicin-.: and deanini; the iiiv. will enable a judgment to be formed as to the qtialiiy of the coals from the lireiiiaii's ],oint of view. It slioiiM be noted that in order to cany out the trial-, it was necessary to clean the tire in every case ju-t before the el..-.e "f the 1.-1 ; this li;is. of cour.se, been included ill sttitini; 1 he liimbcr of times the lire Was cleaned. ' l:il>l.- ^11, .N, XV, .N\1I, Xl.N, XXl. XXIV, ami ninack- in i(\t. as-i^^^r^T^'i^m •^ HKMAKKS .).\ ('..ALS AS AI!U A.\<;i;i) < ;i:( .(lit AI-MI, ai.i.v MV (OAI. I ri:i.i.. ■svi)\i:v coAi.Kn.i.i), .Ai'i: iiiii.i,,.s cuimv, .\ >. Coals (■.•..111 iiiin.-„lI)„nur,i,.MCuMl(;o..;i,„l \„va Scoiia St,., -I .VV„ I Vo. iNiii,. l),)il,.r trials. si\ 1)11 iiinva-licl sainplcs., Tli,-.. aiv all hilui„i,„„.> .-.mIs. uivi,,^- a l„ii- llai,,,. a.„l ,.M.si,|,.,.,i. , smok,.. ||„. ,.,|uivalciit .■va|.,,|-alinii [mt jhhii„I ,,f ,|rv ,„al i-ii|..,.,| In (■•111 t,. 7. (IS, a, Hi ll„. >t,.ai>, raisi,,^ valu,. „f ,|„. ^.al-.'a^ ,■„.,:, mh.I u, , W.'Nh „l Indi .|Ualltv. i~ ,.Miinat,.,l at l,-,„n ti? ,„■,• ,.,.,,1 u, 71 iht roul • ' "■'"" '•■> l'"i- -••■Ml t,. s7 |«T,..iit as n.inpaiv,! with ( i,.,,,-.,., C.vk T' ,. I av,Ta^.. l,„-tl„. SK uiiuasi,,.,! ...kiIs is ViJ ,„., ,,„,. \Va>l,i„^ in.pnr. , j thf rval^.i-atMrn l|-„.n :, t„ ti p..,- ,viit.. .M,,st „( th,. sa,„,,l,.s uvn \ sfaln coaU. ahh„udi M.v,.,al i:av,. tinuhl,. |r„>„ ,-li„k,.r, , h,. u,,,--, |„.i„., H„,„, Inm, .\„. 1 ,.„|l,..,v. X. S. S, A C. (•,,.. a„,| ih,. IIul.s,.an,. D.C.C, TluMr-, "at.MMl ,„.,.,1,.,1 a sli,,ht air |,r,.-Mir,. „.i,l..r tl,.. hars; all tl„. ,vM u.t,. I,,.,,' uitlM,atural,lra|-t. Tli,. ,.li„k,.r |V,„„ tl,,. Ilul, S,.,.,, ,.,al ua^ |-„u,„l t,. atf, j- ""■'"'■ I'^'i- <'„aNl,„,„ tl„. Iiul,al,.| n,al,.„s,.ai„>, D.C.C, al.|.,...r,.,| h! ,i;iv,. th,. i„.,-t all 1(1,111.1 i,.M,lt>. TAiii.i: \ii. Remarks on Combustion u "-dnev Coals (n-.i .\.,. i:; "•■'"""'' ^ ^ N \ X X N:„„ll V V ^"'"'^"- ^'"''' ^''"■'' '^"■■'" ^l'"!' l-'H-.. \I,„.|, M,„.|, M,„|, M "^'""•- ■^'"■i' \l'i.ii l.n„i: Mii,.|, \|,|..|, ' "■'■ -l"'''l .In,,:.- lui,-,. :;,ii,„ - :•, liiiM- Mii.!, \liirl, Ml,,!, I,,, I tltllc- lu NT oll.r ,., I II-, I-Ir:,li, ,| .,. ,„!,.,. ),,,.,. ..(Ici- I \\ ice , ,, ''^"'' ■■■'-'■ in. 1,1.1. -.„ ,:„^ 'i:^- """'''" -I lull ,1,:;;: l,a,. '""> ."li.y ''^" "" >'- -;i- ll.lM- I',"' :,l '"''"■■' ■ ■■ ' -'""I II" -IIl'IiiIv -l,L'litl\ v,.rv \, .„,.;,1-i„l;.. '"' ' li'il- .Mat l,i. ,,-,■, I ',,, nil .\,'- III V,'S lit) )H \^i^m^m'^\^m . 3t Tf-; ^^^P""^ 41 :i.i.- TAHI.i; VIII. Evaporation with Sydney Coals. No, l>('*cri|iliiiii ii-t Mil •ill Huh -I'Miii. lie. Co . LMii " ■■ w;i-licil :i"i IliirKour ^cmiii. I'. C. Co :;s IMiiiloii M'um. I). <■. Co :i7 llnicrv siaiii. !).('• o. ■j:;: ■■■ ■■ ■■ «;i-ih-.i i:; No. I collicrw N.S.S,,v ( '. Co «a:-lll'c| IJ N.I. ■-' colliery, .\..< - .V C, Co .\-l. l.Mll C;il. v.iliic Ml i-l\ir.' ■linker i;.|iiiv. per II.. ill ('.>:il tr.iiii In.! c\ cvap. il- liiv.l a.* fin'.l tlvy coal N. peril.. __- ( . t- lis tireil i:il!iii , - .-. til s_> !t 7 IIS l:!C,7(i 1 .■> ■ I 77 SN :j 7 .iA i:i7.-.n 1 N 1 i .'tS S.'l -.1 7 Jl i:!tLMi _' s ."> J Sli ~ 7 III r.'T.Vi J s '.1 s N(l li r. till l:ij(iii 1 .-, ."l '.1.-, s.'l (1 7 17 l:!l.-,ii -' :i ."> '.t 7'. I s li 71 1 liilii ! :\ .'. s*l ._. , III l:illii 1 J 7 1 711 i li 77 1 \ \ I . n \i ;.- DM. in. 1. 1). i\\i;i!M. — ruisrv, n.- ('.i;il> tV.iiii mines .ii' |ii\|.riii'-> l!\ ,v- Cii.il Cii. :in.| IlicliriMiii.i I!', dial * Ci... .\.i\ a Scut ia. I I mil- li.iiliM- 1 rials, two (in nnwa-lii'il saiiiplcsl . The- tui) ccials tfstf.l (each w.asiicil ami uiiuaslie.h arc hituiiiiiious •■nals -ii.Micwlial lijeli 111 ash. an. 1 uavc all C'luisalciil ('vapuratioii ]>('!• |)iMiiiil of iliv dial (>r t'nmi .")'Mi to CiL'l. i'lif steam I'aisiiii: value of tlie unwaslieil coal.s. as CDinpale.l with < ieori;es Creek, wiiiil.l lie iVom till percent to li" per cent. Washini: ini'ieaseil llie evapoiat ion cmsideralily ami improve.! the imle\ numlier to 700 per cent. Boiler eliicieni-ies with these coals were somewhat l.iw. .Natural iliaft was use. I, with steam un.ler the ^fate. '['he I'orl Hood i.ial -( L'Mis the better of the two. The unua-heil coals were soni.'wiiat .lirty in the (ire, whi.-h was cleane.l g lui.'i' ill each trial, ami the ii-,- .if th.- sji.'e was also necessar.v. Shakiiii; Jiirali's coul.l not have lii'eii us,m1 .\I1 Imir sam]iles ]iro.|u.eii a fair am. Hint of ^111. ike. Clinker was aillu'reiil in the unuasli.'.l coals. Iiut uaNe much less tr.Hililc in the washe.l samples. C.ial N.I I vm.i; I Evaporation with Inverness Coals .\Ioi>liir.' A-li ami ll.piiv. DrMTiptiiiii ( al \:ilii.' ;ii .-.lal clink. T ln.l.'\ evap. piT 111. a- firc.l iroiii .lr.\ .N... p.T lb. a- lire.l ' , cotil ' I as lircil II li.v.rn.-s coll.. I. H. iV C. Co. | IJlid •Jl, ";i-lie.l lltiJII l'> I'oM H tcoll.. !!.!{.(■.(■„, !!:>.(! L'l.") waslicd 11 still " .i s ti li.'i ' • J ti I? ■• "II •-' Ivti S 70 L' Hi ricToi' co.u, KrKt.D. i-ici 111 coiisrv, Ciml:* from initics of Ac;i.li:i C.al Co., I,t,|.. and Inlcrcoloiiial ( Miiiinj; Co.. Nova Scotia. (T waslicd, aiul tlircf on wa^licd sam|p wclvc holler trial >( which iii nine were on w TIk Ics). icso arc l.itunimims coals ^ivinjr a Inn- flainc. aii.l arc .-^liiilitl'- iii-j, , in ash and lower in volatile matter than the Sydney coals; th' ciuivale ,t pvajioration per pound of dry coal ranjied from (iL'li to Nf-'.; most of i , samples are t'ood and some were fonnd to l.e excellent stean- coals. The I,, i unwashed samjiles were worth from !Mi to >i!i [hm- cent .the re iiainder from 7(i ,, S!t jx'r cent ascompare.l with (;,.,,i;;,.-Cre..k. .Ml wer ■ ournt with natii ,1 draft, and no serious difliculiy wit h .•linker was experienced, althoii-h a c.-i,. sid.'l-ahle airioimt was formed in mo-^t cases. The heneficial effect of Washiir. on these coals was not very marked. l-airly hiirh l.oiler etliciencies u, ,■," obtained. Coal .\o. S from the .Main seam, .\<>a,|ia colliery, -ave on ll„. whol.. the mo>t .siti.sfartory results. The samples of thive" of the.se ,,, ,l.s were large enou;;h to allow of two trials— coals .\os. 1, :?, and S. T.MU.K \. Remarks on Combustion of Pictou County Coals tual .Vo. Draft, natural or forced Sinoki' Miimc. l'"iro sliced Fire cleaned . . riinkor . Steam under hars. Dfws coal i"iko.' . Could sliakinc Rrale lie u.-sed? ■JOt t WHO not iniii-l iroiiMe no niiit'li twice some troiilili no lt'> .N llllicll t wue t fowl lie- some no VI'S niiii'li miicli 3 time- once yes IIKH mill li Ollli Hviri- ea-\ no ,vc ves T.Mil.K .\. nl.,!) t'oal .\o. ■_' s s ,■{ ;j .,,,. ^in'ri.-illli ^TriaCiJi (Trial 3) (Trial 7) Draft, natural or {'.'""";•. . "iiidi i mucli much J ire sliced. ' - ,,, ... |. , , ■ ( t le.-^ .> timi'^ . t ii r^ Hrec caned twi... i once .. ...ce lUim^s Z-, ''""'^' ' ■ • i'''^^' , some easy .some little ea-v Steam under l.ars i . .*:'".""'^:'" „„ '^""''''•' '^'""''•^ Does coal cake." no no Coiilil .shakiiiK •^' grjite :.e used? y^^ | I oi ''V/'rV' '"'''';'■ '"'!', ^^.°- '^' ";•'■"' '""'^'' ^"^"' ^■"- 1 """I ""''^ «^'^lii"K. 1.1.1, ou a, ..nt ol . err r m sa,„,,lmg, the test had to be rejected, aud is, therefore, not published. v.] TAlU.i; xi Evaporation with Pictou County Coals No. l)e:i('ri|>tion |H r 111. ii> tinil i •J((l 11) I hH)l Vulo colliL'ry. A. (.'. Cn. " W!l^ll(ll \lliiii Shaft colliory, A.<'. tr,. iinl sc;im, AIMiiri rullicrv. .VV.Vi,... Caiic I'll Mtirn, Alliiiiii ciillirrv. \. (■.{;>. . . Main >caiM, Acaiiia collicrv, A.C, Co. Miiin si'aiii, Acailia cullierv, A.C. Co Dnimiiiiiiiil inllicrv. IC.M. Co. Viishcil 1 KVSd IL'L'fiO 1J!»!«) I •.':{:{(! (■-'■-•Kl IJSMI l.'tniii I :f I nil I rjv.'ii IJMII I3:i-'n MiiUiiiri' A.«li an.l l'.<|iliv. ill <'oat cliiikir III. lex f\ali. a- lii'cd Ironi .\o. |..T ih. ( ■ iir\ coal a- lircd •-• ■ >! It:! {•)!>■() r.m :! '1 Ill .i TJ • .-| li Jl In '.Ml s t • 5 7 L"l JO III s N.")".l 7 lis L'-n 1-' 7 Mi ■-• 7-:is L';! im; s7 J 7- lit 1 li > J lis . s S ."),") 1 :. >■;{: '.t.'lS s •_•:, II 1 -' ■ 1 MIL' 7 (>9 12 ij li S7 ■ ti 7-5;{ 1-7 '.I IK! (M ■ ;! SPKINOmi.I. CO.^L FIKl.I), nMHI'.KI.AM) 11)1 \TV, N.S. Irnlii iiiiiiiv^ (if ('uiiil)ciiallil Itailvvay i^- dial ("u . I. til.. NDva Scotiii- 1 1 niiv liuilcr trial.-^, two (in iinwaslicd ainl two iiii wa.~|icit families.) Tlii'si' air bituminous coals of iiioilcratrl^irooil >ti'aniiii^ iliiality, not very hi.;li in ash ami givinj: consiili'ialilo -moke. Moth witc burnt umlcr natural ■ir:ift, i;ivin,ir an equivalent evai)oration |ii'r pouml of ilry coal of from 0'13 lo 7 03. Clinker was visrous in all four trials. The No. _' (.'olliery I'oal ^avc ihe best evajioration, while that from .\'o. o i;ave lea>l trouble i \vorkiu<; llii- lire. As compareil with (,ieor;;e> Ci'eek, these coals ajijiear to have ;i v.iliie of 71 |>er cent to 77 |Hr cent, which is increascl very considerably on w:ishiiii;'. tahm; xii Evaporation with Springhill Coals llc-iiiptioii C:il. valiir per ill. as lirril Moisture .\sli ami ill I'oai clillkrl- lii,l.\ a- lireil Iroiii (Irv coal No. r.iiuiv. (•van. per ill. fired .SO. 2 colliiTV. C. It. it C. Co. i:U2n wa,slic.l i;«;to r. .\.i. :? colliery. ( . H. A C. Co. 12710 lit 003 :is .-)0 .Mi ■ 7-30 '*•!? s-.s 71-4 G-IS washed 13110 31 SI N.-. ■ 3 ■20 — rilli:\i;< rn rciM. I III h. < r\im.iii. \Mi I cir\ n . n,-*. I'niiii miiu'-ipf Miiiitiiiic ('<>: il. I!\ .V I'owtr Co.. Minn. Ill- Vn:,\ t'u , l.ii Mini ('aii;i (III imwa: la Coal .V !!> fo . I,|.|., No liccl aii'l tliivc (111 wa-lii'il -aiii|i Sciiiia. (Si\ Idiilcr trial-, tliiv. l)ituiiiiiiini- cii lis iif iiKiili'i-ati' -IcaiMiiitl i| iialil \'. I'airly liiiili ii ti'dlllllc ill Wll rkiiiL: 'ln' fill'. '"" :ii''' l»''"'i' l"ii''i' li'"'l a-ii, ami iiiviiii; mhhc S'.'ain uinl.T tlii> liar- wa- Inilinl iiccr-ary. v\ri- allcr \va-lilii:i- i'\r('|it \i>v \i .,,„ ^„„, |„,,,„| a.al-. wa. IMT.I..,! in tluvc ,.f tl,.. tr-t-. I'l,.. ..,|uivaln, ..va|,ura.ini, v>r poun.l .i .irv r„:,l in ihi- .nMi|, wa^ tnm, o 7s u, UU.. II, wa-U.',l rnal fnmi ill.. .l.-.L'iii- n.ii.o .avr ill.' l.-a-t inM.l.lr tn.in rlink.r. a tl„,U..l. tlw CliiliMr.tn r„al ^avr ill." Lrst ..va|".lan..l. ami l.-ll. r Hllrlriirs Tl„.„. ,.„al- ill iIh' unwa-lH.I -taf api'^ar In liav finia li . |-t n.||i I ■Ill of Ihc -IraiuiiiL: value of ( icorL'c- CiVfU il. lOr I'i'iii lAIUi; Mil Evaporation with Joggins-Chignecto Coals Ciia |l,-lTl|ltli'll 7 (■|,i,-i„.cl.>rolli,.l\.M.I I! 'V I' ■JOT niitrnr,t.if..lli(i>,\l.(i;.>V !• ( 'ii 1 '-'- 111 l| MilllMir .-nllirrv. \1 . ( M ', , 1 '.■>'« I ■O'l «:,-Ih-,I 1-"I''" III .I,,i;l'1I1- (Milll.-iy.t ■.('.. V n t'n ll->.>0 Jin «a-li.'.l Mnl-Uirc »'al. \ llur |„ ,.,,.,1 l"'i- I'', M- lirc.l a- III..! l_'-.'."i(l :; \-lian.l f'jinkr: l'.lllli> III II hllllX |.\a|. lr\ riiai N... |llT 1' '• ;i- lin 1 II-.' 7(1 1 .'i ^ ; 7 :! I'l ■> ;.■>'' II.') 1 i,:;l .'i I.I 1" 7 71 1 iiii'i 11 ^ (ill J '} 1 1 1 (,l;\M) I. \KI- I I'M. Ml. 1. 1' (•,,;,! r,. Kini;-- inilir. Mililo W-. 'Two Hoilrr Trial-. 1 \ liiiuiniliou- roal carrviliu ., lair ainoui.t ol a-li ami o' n,o,i,.ra1r -fami'i- ,,„..li,v ColiM.lrral.lv iinprov..,! I,y w.-l.ili^. Tin' -Miua-l'-.' .'oal ivi|m:v,i f,,,,,„l ilraft . ami -Irani nmlrr ihr Imi-; Ihv hail to l,r rl,.am.il - hiw I in.i-. i: ; clink,. r wa- railirr tri.ul.l.-oim.. i5"ilrr ..lin.ii.n'.v wu- la'lar low. r\ii;.r. M\ Evaporation with Grand Lake Coal Coal No. |)(.-cri|ilii>ii " .Vslianil Mil -iiin- iliiikir K.| :i\ Cal. valiii. ill ri.al llllMI IikI .X r\ M' |„.r III. ;i- lllVil i!rv rn:il .\i pr !!. :i.- Iin-.l ' :i- ;!>■ ' 1 Kiiii: - iniiir. Mini 211 V;i.-|„.|l lli.V.HI '.I I -(!.(., 1. ii:i -c)l III-, I |l\|ilN liiN . \ \l) 111 I.I. ^ Id \ I II I M M, I 1 I Ml-. l.iLiliilc-- .•llnl l,ii;llilir I'iimU Irmii S;i-k:ili'lii \\ iii iilnl \l liiTI .1, lllicil li\- I hi' \\i'>lcin 111 niinii'ti Colin I.-.!.. -J- i\liill(iii. >.'i-K l',ik.|:ili' Ciiiil (',!.. I.iliiinnlnii. Mt.i.. (MiKi'la \\i -I ('(lal t'n,, riiliiT. Alia , ;i,.| tlif -Mliciia i!\. iV Ini'jalioii Co.. I.i.|., I.im lilni'l-r. Alia. ! [■ our IkmIci II ial-. all oil iiliua-licl -aln|ili--.l I'Ih'-c Vi'r\' ililci'c-l 111'.; lucU. of low I'aloiilic saluc. arc nioili'ialclv lii'jli ill a-ll. ami caililaill liii|i|i inoi-lillr. TlicV \\catli( r la|iiill\' oii r\|io-i|rr tn air. ami a> sonic limc iiccc~-aiil\ clap-cil all' ! rccci|il iicioiv ihc\ loiil.l lie ii-tcil, ilic rc-iill> ol' llic trial- call iioi ap|il.\ uiili c\aciiic-- lo lrc-l,l\ mine. I ,;,:t\ The lc-1- willi \o II aial .\o. I'l Were mia\ oiihiMv -lioii, owiiej to i|ii -lliall aliioiilil ol' lui'l aSailaMc I'lie Ulie'.]i( cl.'.lK lii;'!i lioilcl e'lli-icmic- :, !.,ircnll\ olitailiol liia\ 1 'c .lue to tlic I'act t'lat I he ival c.alnrilir \alue- of •!,, c.ial- w hell ll-dl ilitlclc'l friilii iho-e follliil li\ t he - hell 1 i-l - a I alic.allicr I'l 'I'll" followilii; l.ililc -i\c- ,111 i'lea of the uoiLiii- nUalilic- of tiic-c ■-lel-: rxiiij' \\ Remarks :>n Combustion of Lignites and Lif^nitic Coals (..a! \.. I ir:jil li:lllinil iir loliTij II: I irc-lii-i-,1 ( hiik.r I 11. . l.-n I -iriiMi iHi'li'f I. ar- il »- ...:,1 ,:,kc.' ( ,;|M -li.-ikaii; LM-llr l.r ll-i.T' Id \.r\ lilllc I tune e:i-\ \ iHillr I HUM VI-. Ullll -tram l.i Nan. I I IlL-Ilt liini: .Hire c I. rail -ti .-iiii 1 VM,.- I.I Willi. .Ill -lealii i.llrr I Ir -tcaiiiini; \ aliie of tin -e liiei- i- . -1 Inui leil ;ii fr. iiii 1^ per 11 -i it 1 . . lis pi'r .i-u; iif that oi ( leor:;!- Cr.-ek eo.i!, (twiiii: lo the atiiouiit of iiioi-iiii-c in- -eli.ilalilc fi.,111 the-c coal-, the e\ .iii.iial ioli per jioiiml of iir\ .oal i- not a -ati-l:ii-tiit \' .ritelioll. rxi'.i 1; \\ I Evaporation with Lignites and Lignitir Coals \|..iMirv .V-h .-111.1 f.nl \c. I )r~i-ri|.l i.ill ' •'' ^;''"'' ai ,„al .-Icik.-l ih.l.A eN:i|, I'''' "' a- lire, I rniiii .liy .\.,. per II a- llle.i e. aC i;.|iiiv . e\:i|, per II.. a- liiv.l W I .1111 111 \\.-i,-iii 1 1,, 111. Ciilli.av ( .1 . lav [.irl..ii. S:i-k. r.V.'ll ."17 > Jl 1-' riiK.lali.C.ial f.i.. i;.|iii.iiiti>ii Vita. ^7lill r.l 7 III i.J 7 \'.>^ '.:. '. =1:::.! ; U.--! (■...,! C. T:,!.-.. \lia. . 'i7'.iii 11 :; 17 :', ru-j ltd 11 liait .-.illiirx. I.rtlil.ri.lui. Vila 107111 s :! In. I lis. 7 .", <|J ;..,?m.^*fcto,?V/;-:-• l.-.h (•..Hi..,.,..- I,,,,., „,,|,.,...,t ,;„,,,,.,,,.,..,,. ,,„ \ . . ( a..;,.lmn („ll„.,„.s C.., ,,,.1 I,,,,.,,,,,,!..,,,, ,-„,, ,„,, ,,„,^„ ,,/',, < !'.;•:;:::''':::;:: ''■'ic-''^^ -o. ,. , ., '■ ""> •"■•' 'K'V.'ll 1. i.s> i.,„„t Ml". Ill .,,. .L''h. ';';;,;;':'' — ''-^ '"■■ '■'"■-■ -- = nl,':.z:z .:';?;,;:;;:;':;;:::;;;;:;;;:;::■" '■•'■'" --" ■ :«1"::7,T :"■■'' "•'■'•"' ' ' '■'■ I- tahm: \\ii Remarks on Combustion of Frank-Blairmore Coals «'o:il \... JS :« I'.J'.' I»r,.|li. nrilunil di- i,,,.-...! Iliirii.' lir.. -Ii.|.|| Mr.. .■I..iiii..il . . riiriki.r . .•^(...■un i,rMliT l.:ii. I ).>.■- (....•il ..:ik..'. Ciiilil -liitlviiig tnit.. I... i,.,.,| 1 ;ii„l \ llloilt.r^ltr- lIliMlcr;.!.. twi...- IK) i'i)ii»ii|i-ii,li|y nilliir' lii.;iv\ riici,|,.nit.. ' r;ik...l I will. little tr.iiilli. nil vi- V.'- \ lint lliij. ii iiMxIcnii. lui..,. lull.. In. III,:. Ill) sliL'lilK TAUI.i: Wll ,r„„r,„„,/ C.Kll \, .{.f j:a l>r;il!. ii:iiui;il .ir |oi-,.,.,| Siiiok... Flame I'iresli,.,.,! , . I'iri' |.|i.;iii|.,| Cliiikei-. ■"•t.-;iiii 1, tiller I.:.,'- I).K.- IIKll Cilke ' , , l'..,|..' !• ,.■ lien-.. I;iirlv lll-ll... iiiiii..\vl,:it -..ni..wl,.-il 1 r.-iirl\ 1 I'.-fiil ilell-e ilni- iiiiMli.nile l':lkei| nioiicf Iwi.... ..;.-v l\M. Ilol llll. ■ Iriiiil. . -IlL-llIU \e- \:t~lni,;: a|.,H.a,-s ..f >,.„„.wl,at .I.M.l.tf,,! vm1,„. if ,|,„s,. ,.„.!, ,,.,. i„t, ^M M^a.u ,H.,.pos..>. Ti„. i„i,ex ,„„„,..„. i,„,i,„„ „,, „,.. ,.„;^,^,;;;;' ;:]':;"■? "?'"!• ;r"^ "■ v^ ,,..,• ..,„ „, ,i,.. vai,,.. ofii,.,,,.,,..,.,,..,,. 17 TMll.i: will Evaporation with Frank-Blairmore Coals I ..d l»i'-iii|.iiiiii 'nl \n\u- ■^'"'■"'''■ 111 r Ml '" '"" :.-l.r..l "-'ir..! I^ j.illrh collhtA I'm-I,i,i^. \||„ .;j Ihilcn'Mt inlli,,v ||i||,-n-i \Hri. .MJ llil|t'.-l .•.pllicn, llill,i,-l. Allil., Hll«llli|. :;:l Ife'llrviir cilli.rv, ll.ll.Mi. Aliti. IX; llcllfVlll- c.rlllirw ll.'II.Mlc, .Mill., Hil-lir,|. .',\ \'l '..' M'aill. Dci.i-IPIl CiilliiTV. (■||||'Im:iII. \I|;i. .Ml \i., J ~r;ilM, I'Mli-dll ciilll.iy, (oir>ii:iii, \||:i.. \v;i- :! 7 \-ll lllul l.:i !• ."> 'ii:! 7 77 Ill S.*| s 7 1! III-.-, Ml 1 7 III Is s s.; :i 7 17 III t) ,Vt.s 7 till I HiiW-N I ■- 1 ( 1 1 M. 'n.i,;! '.':''-'"' ' l-vflnUMIl.-t l«,„> CmI I',.., I.t.l.. ami ii,,-,IM.,- M„ll- l.hj., :'.i:'i-li ('..limiliiM I l.i-lil lH,i|,.|- trial-., urif diily i.ii a w:,^ll. .| ,-,,al I I lirsr lihillniiKMi i-i.aN alv mhu. what l,.u m volatil.. iiialliT (_'l iht ,.,.|,t inJi,|,rr,Ti,tl ali.l ranyaiii.Ml.-i ,1,. .■ii,„„i„t of a.|i. Tlicv rank am.i.rj the Im M (-aiiaihat: -Irani niai. aii.l i;a\f i-uiva!. lit cvaimratinti- prr |„,uimI oi ,|ry '■-ill rani'iii- from 7()S to ^Tr, \. ,-,,„i,.aiv.! -vitli (U.uvj.v^ Cwi^k il,.-ir -•.■aiiiiiiu valii.- arc .•.stin,air,| ;,, ss pi-r cnii to III! iKrcmt. .Warly II »iv Ininii witli natural iliafl, and «av.. only a inoilrrat- amount of -niok,- Ihr iiiMst .Niti.-factory all roiin.j wviv p.Tlia).s -Vos I'l;. l>!I. and :;o. altlioii-l, -7 L'.iVi till- liii;licsT cvaiMiril ion. TAHI.i: \1\ Remarks on Combusticn of Crowsnest Coals •■(.ill .\. M -':n :iii lii:^ ii:iliii;il or fiiri-c(l. . . Sntoi .- 1 llllllC . I in- -liri'il . . I'in- i-li-:iin.(l . • 'linker. -U'aiM iiiiilcr liars . . ■'of - i .■iiki-V , . , ' "UM >liakini; irr.-itc lie u>i-,|.' iiuhi iiiodcrati' V liulit X 'liiMJi-iale ■i t lines a Kiiiiil ilea ii'i^iii-'ruhle mice oiiic troulilc at (iiiu-s twice iiari! !!0 twice e:i.-_\ to hail lie iwice vasy to liaiiiile lev no yes, Willi llo very littl ye-> ' ver.\ -liglitlv yes >ti'aiii T' t llMl \. IS I .III I \l\ (■..„(,. .,,.1 |)l «:.! |i. -' ii|.iii.h r-il v:.|ll. ,.', II ,■1- III' 'I '.I..I-IUII \.|, :,li,l I ., Ill . ii.li .link. T ll'il' \ . \ ,•,- hri'l Ir.ii-i Si. |'. - 'li\ . ...il 11- ;;i \" :; hum.' MhIhI ."IIhik ( \ Vi ( ', |:;|MI II 7 ■:;i \.. .1 mill.' \liilirl I'l.lliin. I V IM < .. . \V!i-l..'.| I i'.lii I '' :iii \" 7 iiiiiii' Mii'lii'l c.illi.-rv I \ I'C. (',, |.;.'::ii I n L1I i\.' - mm. , Ml. 'Ill I .•..lli.'r\. I \ V.i C. . l:;:;.'iti I II .■|1 Nil .' . .1111. Ili.-tii. 1 mm.- r-'.'i7li II .V.' \'. 1, ■..nil. I.'VMI 1 .•. .'7 \i. Jl 111"-. (■'.lliCl.ik I .Tllii I'. < , ( \,|' ( . C. . !;;iiMi I II •Jli ;.\i.. .". I ■ ('ii:ii ( II I'k I .11111 i It I , ( \ r I ■ I ,, . i:;:;.",ii in 1 '■ 1 7 1 '.11 Ii '17 1 1 .' 7 III II ill 1 'h' ti 1.-. :; •HI J Hi •.' ^7 s .I'll III) :; Ills '.t.'t 7 <\:inl iliii mil -ccm inurh lit' at alll ^ii|iriiiir in i'Va|iii!.'.' cfiii-ii'li '■ 111 till' jilaili I'nai. .Ml the «alii|>i<'> pl'iivcl f; I -Irani ciai '■'•'■' i'li"' li illal'i. ami 'ill U'rv.i-in'i -aliipii'- f:aV( ( . juival. ill . ■.ap. .: . : :. :. |»fl' iMiiiIi'l 1)1 ilry I'na) -'f 1 'tl a. Ill 7 ^0. MuiliT cHirirncii-- WiTc L'lm '. :ii ' till' hrni'ii'-ial (•rtV> t I'l' ^\•l^lli!ln ua ■ '.rl'V inal'kml. .'.I rxiii.i \\\ Evaporation with Vancouver Iilnnd Coals I >i'-iri|ii 111 \ ' ukI { III M,l'l»' M .i-iiirt- ill : -.IT tHTlli. III ri»:tl IM -(I lllll ■\ ■>- tit.il :i- lin>.n Kxtfll-.-.li 1 illlilMA . \\ ' I ,1 I.I.I,, l.\(rii-iiiii IK I- IplHT 1 llll. Nil 1 Mlllli \\ .1 (ii.. I. Ill . .N:iiii(imii, 1! r, ir l/iH. I .mil, ilii. .'I \l \^^ l;ii, ir mill.-. C.Hii.iv nil I' r\ W r. I ,,., I.I I . Ciiii, x'llnii.l. H.I' .•ji \i n . »ii>ii.M . I :i,>ii.| III, Mill \i- ,\lfri l..i\ r.x.iMi I. '"it' I I -•.'Hi I.'VMI I.UMI 1 1 1" l.'ld I I .' I I II .10 Ii ; 7'.t I Ii 7ii II i :.' .' Ii .'ill ii 1," ill s !l .Mi Mi ,. '.M .' 1 ,' I.N I "i Mi liv I -111 i.M !.■ 11 Iw \lirt Ii:. lual lv\. ..I) liiM- lllll IVall> irloii;; <'■ lt:i' - iriii ;. 1- I 11- |. -t. ii n TAm.i: \\i Remarks on Combustion of Cascade Coals Ciul No. |)r:il!. ii;itiii:il or I'oiim'iI. . I iiv -lic,.,| . . I nvrl(':i'■- .M - IMilli- 11. MIC i<" ii'i nil iM. \ I-. H nil M.-, « iili u- \..- ~tCMlll -iiaiM •l> -oil -oil il|||||w \o. jr, v.,.|M- llir licllcr -Hiiiii r,i;i| ,,1' ill,, lu,, .,11,1 w.iulil 111- Wol-th .ill.. Ill '.•! |»T (Till a- iiiiii|>aivi| w iili < li'iii-i- ( 'ii.rk. X,, Willi III 1 ill- lire. ua- ca-ici- tn r\i!i.i; wii Evaporation with Cascade Coals i-rll|illoll llll xmIiii- III , 11. :i~ 111. .1 M.iiMiav \-|, mill i:.|iii\. HI ni.il iliiiki r l|.ili.\ I \:i|i. :i- lilril I loin X,,. |,|.| II, iliy cii.-.l 11- liivil ■ I Vii. I llllllr. ( ■.lllllloli-. \|t:| II U M.N.-il ( o. '■'' Nil I Tlllllr. ( allllllili . \ll.i II. U \I.\ril.UM-liril 1 M MiMil.ii:,! ItMliklirMilrolll, lA li:ink!ii:i.|. All:,.. H.M. I.i.l ;M Mix. .lr..:il.liMiiklii.i.|ii,||ii ,a. I'lM'ikliiiiil. Vila,, li \r I, ill «:i-liii| 'I r.ll.|ll|.ll..- Hum ll:iiiklii-ai| colllilA . ^ l:;iiHi IIS l."i 1. !io i; 7 71 |;;7^ii 1 :; s '.1 IK.;, s II 1 ;;iinii 11 <; 1.-. i; M 1 7 ;!ii |:;.".||ii -' 7 O ."i '•1 1 s :.'i p l:;ii|ii II 7 1.". J M .". 7 -'7 M' "l.\ \ M.I.I ^ I ii\l. l.ll.l.li. II. r. '■'•■■1 millfil l.\ Ihc \iri.la \ alh > Ciial ami C.iki- Cu, ,Tui, l„,i|,., niaU, '■!!i' 'III illiua-linl alnl mir ii!; ua-linl cuali. II"- ''mI iiiril u.i- a iiii\iiiiv Iniiii ill,. .I,.u,.| -.-aiii. \,i. | mii,,.. ,ii!.l ilio I';'' ll"l'' -<':iiii, \,,. ■_' mi, I,., Mi. I, II, .-I,.., I, ,.,i||i,..\-, Ciii!!,.,.. |;,( |, j, ,, ''i"l>"iii'"i- I'oal liii_;!i ill Milatilr in.alli 1- ami niniailiiim a l.iir .almiiiiii ul ■•-;•. '' '•'■' '""■'" 'I'l'l"!' imninil lil-al'l, ami z:\\v a -ImM il.iim ami .■..ii-iilii al.l.- ""1^' ■ I' 'I'"'- iiiil cake and cnulil li|. wnlkcil ,,i, : -hakilr: -lair. 50 1 Alii. i; will Evaporation with Nkola Valley Coal Cm I No. ll<»iri|pli(Hi l':il. \:ilii.' |«r II, :» tin, I M(ii-liirr irj c'(i;il ;i~ fin il A>li :iiiil ! |;i|iii ilinkcr Inilrx (.\:,| llul . \,,. |„.|. |. dry i(.;il ;„ I,, •-'•-' M \IiM,-l:ii„|J, .\li,MI,-lM,|■,.,■..l- llc■|■.\, N.N.C.V C. Cn llliiii Is L-.'L'M Min.- I :,ihI LV Mi,l,ll.-I„,n. (lllliiTV. \.\ .( ■. ,V « ' ('(,., ""''hcil . , lis Id (■,. J iiii r.'i 10 I \A\MM<)-( ilMdX AM) ALIIil IIW (OAI, Kll:l.l>-;. <',.;il> mined l,y tli,. Wellington Colliery C,,,. I.t,|.. ;,t I'Atensicn - ( uini)erlMn,l. Hi'., I,y tiie i'anlic « ..^st Coal ("o., I.t.l.. .Men hay. 1; i iin.lliythe Wesleiii I'uel Co., l.til., .aniilnio, JVC. rsi\ l.,,iler 1 rial-. ,,,; one on a washed ^atiiple.) Tlu.-c are l)iliin:inoii> coa's raii-in- from 10 per ivnt to 1.". |H'r een: :■ ash. and most ale hi-h in vola'ile nia't.T The .\anainio-C,,mo\ .■,,::!- :'■'. lairly i^ood steam eoals an-l may l.e , las-ed as havin- tV..m 7.' per eem i , v V'-v e..nt of r\u- steamii-.:: value of (;e,,r,cs Creek. It was found iuipo- ' , to avoiil makili'.; con-iderahl.^ Muoke. ■[he Como\ .'oa! i.\o. L'l.Mi .,, the m'"■ deal troiihlr -o„„. I, .,!.! "" no -liLditK -li^l.iK ,,.. I"'"il''> 1'., |.o-il,ly ,v,.~ |.,,-il,l\ Hilll ■ uitli' -team MiMiii <•* % 1 1^, :;s l>i i-r,cln n -inipi h.llii .1 '-M - pi" in • 1 Till': ((».\I.S OF CAN ADA: AN i:('().\().Mi(' i.\vi;sri(iATi(>\ VOL. II I PART VIII I'KoDi (!;!; i'i;>T.> nr R J DURIEY J PART VIII (i\s i'i;ui»i(i;i; Ti:srs R. J. DL'HLEY i;\> I'limn I i:i!< wn niiii! \ii,nini) u| woi-kini;. A- all i|i|rcHlui-li(iii |M ill,. ,li-(u-i,,!i ,,i' iIh' iiImI- nt ( an:ii|iaii rdal- iiiailr ,1. tlitM'\|ii-iiMiciital |inMhiccr|ilaiit at Mi'<;i!l riiivcr-il \ .aiii'li'inciilary a.^'vpiiiit ,.l' the lliidix- aiMl ai-liiiii (>r ihc i:a> iiiiMliiccr w ill ]„■ hi'in.l w~ciiil, (la- prn- ii'irrl-iliiy«'i' iinli'-iiili aiTunliirj lu ilir linl wiili whirli ihcv :iiv 1.1 l)r .i|icra1ci| J ml I hi' |Hir|..i-i- 1 1 II- w hii'li th,. -.1- i- I,, I, . ! ni|ilnyc.|. I ,;i- i, i|- |mi\\it |iur|Mi1\ in:: ija- i'iii;iiii'- I'ni' pnw, i- |,iii'|in-i'-.' in ;i l.la-: liiriKii-i- ail almic i- |i:i--,.il tliiiiii'jli 'In- In nlnl rnki- u liirli 111111;- -1) ill 111 Ihr i-lial-i;i' nl 1 he tiini 111' -illl|i|i--l kill'l nl ua- [ilnil illl lii-i'i' 1- line ii-iii'.: a luci >-ni-li a> riikci I'nii- iiiii- '"'II' I'l' li'l \iilalili- i-'iniliii-iilil,' iiiallri- aii'l -ii!i|ilit'i| nii'.v with air. ii-|-'i!!'_'i-ini'nl nl a -iin|ii!' 'ijnlr.'ili |ii-ni |iir,'|- i- ~\, "fi. '■'>'^. ami il will ■ '-ii-! Ill i-iililaili a -1 ii'i(-\\ IM-liipr nf 111, lie irnll, W il ! Iiai i!(-('|i li.'.l nf fill. I. F, ->irininii|ci| li\ 1 '..a-tmlil I |ii'' iiirr |iin\ i-inn fni' I ill' ^ll|lllly nf air a I A, t In- "lili'IMI: 11! Iiii'l :il B, alhl l' i 111' •-rlU'lal 11,-1! nil- nf 1 III' ii-iiin\:.| 1,1 ilir ri--iill nil; ra-i'- at G. ■lain- ni-i-iiri iim m -iirli a pioiliii-c!- ran In- rra.ill\ InllilWl'.l ll\ all.V nil.' li;|\ ilil; a -lii;'-ll kllnwli'llm- nf rlll'lili-t!'. . \\ i t 1 1 a Millli'icnlix ,ll'ip lie, I nf fill. I :in,| ;, prnpi'll\ ,'|, I j U.-ln, 1 :,\v -llpplv. ii W ill 111' flilinil ilia' 1!'" r.'irllnli nf liir fllrl linil,'. \y\\\i ll,,. nWLCll nf tIii' air In fnlln I'aliinll iiinliii\iiir iCOi. :, I'limliii-tilili' lull pni-,iii.iii- :;a-. uliirli. if -iii.plir.l willi a i'lnlli'l- ;iiiiiiiint nf air al a pniprr tcliipi'lat ill-c, w ill iliiili' \.'ili lni"i' n .vi;! .1 fiillll rarlliill ilinsiilc ■('(».;,! Ill' plnil piiii|i;i'i lit I'ninpli'ii' rnniiiM-i I'.n if carl) '■"i-iv lur I'Minipli', 'I'n.ii- .\..<.\l.i:,. .Inn,.. !!i| 111' ua- limine piiwiT plaiil. II, liir ;iii arriiiiiil 111 a vi'i" larirr Mi-t atiil oWL'i'ii. .1 'I'lic foiiMiitiiiii of fiirlx.ii iiitiiiii iliviilvc-' |i;irii;il rniul'U-liini tioii of oiilv al"iut :lll ptT crlil \iilc ill llif liii' I'I-'hIui-.t iIiu ,f Ilic ;(IIM'il I'V l!ir I'Vclii if Ilic liiMl whirli ci.iilil 1m' |)Iim|iicci| \> tinniiii;; ttic >;iliic w<'i • 111 of cmiImHI i'.irn|ililtly Id CMnKili iliuMili Tl, iici cell t is lu>l. liciim .li"i|(:it«'il I'V luilnitKiii ;iM.I i iriicil III! ;i- -cii-i Ml. ill tilc lint iirndiirrr ;;;i> ihr lialiUii'i' ':i liiiiil 7ll \irV crlil ) I'Mli I"' Utili/cil lUrilili^ tlir imMllinT ;:;i> wllli limiv ;i IS tli;il ju>t ilc-i-nlM'il. i:iii.tlifivfiiiv. ii II I'll ir. 'I'lii' I'lliriniiv (if M luoiliircr. -m )t cxccol mIicH'I 7(I|«m- cTliI, si.ir. :i pi' luciT of KHI |«'i' c'l'iii (•liiriciicy Is iiiH' ;;iviiii; ii:\ wliirli.if iiuilit. wiiiilil ilcv< KMJ |K'r (fill (if tlic i:i Idiilic \;ililc of llif flli'l cinployo' ' 'I'lif tjli'iXK-l I iinnlni'i I' I". Hi f;icl , tlic llltid Cilliililic vmIiIc (if '^M-^ |ilii(lucc( Ciildlilic vnliic df fuel Cdlisilliii'i It ha- I'ccii fdillid cNiicliliiciila Iv tiiat tiic Ileal pnidiicfd liv liunnii .M,i,„ldf caii.diild carl'dii tridlid\i.lc i('<>^ aiiidunt- lo al-dUt l.'JI'tl H- 'I i-llilt' -f the IVMllliliil ■_", iMiiiilds (if carlxiii iiidli..\idf aiv pclliiitlcd Ki uhi nth a tuitli.r Mipply ..f oxyvni .-.. as m prddiicc :{• pdiiii'N df I'ail.du did\' 111 idditidiial HI l"i(l H.'l'.r. IS v'flK'iMK- riic caldlilic Nalii" df dill' pdUi dfcarbdiiis, tlicivfdic. li,(i.-.(> M.T.r. wl"'" it i~ cdinplHciy i-nnit In carl dioxide. Ileiu-e, as lias jiiM l.eeii explained, llle lieat emcieil. v of the pro. if fdl-liiatidli df laliidii liidiid \ide will III |(li:.(l IKl.MI or , 1 •.! I M'f cent miller lue: tlu'dretically perfect cundit idlH In all actual piddiicer iit the Kind il< scril. dxive e\( 11 this li',:ure caiiiidi lie reacl d it is necessary to ad"!'! Means fill utiliziiii; a pdrtKiii ( .f the heat which Wduld dlliervvi~e -ted, 'I'lii^ can he done most simply l>y iniMii'-' a pnipei- a i- aiiioutit ol --tl witii the all siijiply, if steam lie pa-sed ovi r ilicailde^ceiil carlioii, a rhemical reaction ihich ^plits U| the steam into its cdnstitiileiil-. Ii vdi'o',j('n aii'l oW'^en, ,iii'i tl ic oNV"en. II lidel- -llitahle colidltldiis ol tenipel-a ture. unite> \\ It Ii t he cal li"li iisuallv fdriiiiiii: liotli carhoii moiio\i(le and car lion didxidc. 'The ;:a- rc-ul roin till- pi(ice>> \Ml the re to re, under ideal condition-. Ii^ a mix tur. h\ (li'oiien. car boll moiioxi-!' . an 1 call.oli dioxide lllie lai'er III -II dl nail aliK'Mi. if c(inditioii> are lavi d>!< '. The di— ociatioll of the eleliielll- ol the -Ii H: lowi'Ver. ic(|i i( . iii'iic heat than can lie '.uilii- d li\ the coinlnisli" carDoii \M "water ua-. th the result inn- oxygen; hence, mi the wlio Ic. the fiirniati' ly passim: ^-teaiii over rci ho' carbon, is chaiacteri/ed li\ loWelililL of the producer teillpefat life becai if the heat ab-orbeil. if heal 1- not siipp d from an external source or Ircim Mime otlie [■lioli. the ;el!ipei'a''lli' \. n 111 fall so low that the decoinpo-il mii steam ceas bv c.arryim; ill the piece 11- iiece— ary sup] ilv of heat CO lid evi'lelitlv III lull' ,n the foriii.at ioli of " air ^'a in pidjier (iiiaiilily. a- exp liiii; para,i;ra ■h. and in nianv actual iras pniducer- the t w. ire 111 fad caine'l mi siiiiuliaiiei'U • 1\-. the slip il\ ol -lean iites !(.- Ill llic iiicaimiL' el tcrc:- -iK li a- I'liit, "Ic,, aiiil a- III III"''' id- ami unit- iil lica, rnca.- •( aliidlic \ aluc, ■■ Itnli-li I • ■■"■> iirciMciil. -cc I'lirl- \1I aii'l N- till- Viillllll i t I M>|pnltiiiM.'.l til lllMl I.I" IIW-.'II lIlMl the lll'Ill IVMlltill- I'lMlM l||f f. llriKlf ii >ll Ml -airuMs" l.y l.iiniiiii.' :i |»irtii>ii i.fflif cmiIiiiii tu iall).iii iiiduu .iilc liv hmmii- . i the iiwiicii iif the air. i- iisnl up in iriaiiilaiiiiii'j llii " wati r Las" rcactiuii ! A i|.ri.lii|>..M'li!r till' >lfatii. TIh' li>illtil>L' ya-, i-. t l,.i-.|,,ir. n.iii| ■,[ i,f •; .|iiii;cii. railii.ii nil. I... si, I,., an. I a |.i-i.|i()ftii,ii i.| ,Ar\mi\ lii,,!,!.-, ili|. vnIh.I,. iiiiiii il l.v iiitni-fii ami 1. 1 he r incn v'as<> ilrrivcd I'limi the air Mipplv. it -lii.ulil lif -tatcl that ill the fiiiiiial ii.ii (if "air na- " a |iiii|iiirl ii.ti of ■ "'"'" ilii'M'li- i~ always inn 1, in aililitimi |., tlic carlMHi iiiiiiio\ii|c, its iiiiiiuiil (li'iH'inliiii; ii|ii.ii varidiis circiitn-taii.i-. i.tir of wliicli ii tln' tiiiipiia- : ;i.- Ill llli- liliMJlU'cr. iMirtllcr, -llnillil ||,r |ii,.| i,,cil Ih' on.' whirli (likr iiiiiliiai'itc i.r cokci .•iiMiaiii- any (■<.niiM,iini|> uf liyilii.^rni ami carhuii, the iv-iiltiii'j i;a~ will pM.lialilv nuilain a pn.pi.n imi of volatile or ira^cinis liydfo- .■ail.nn ■onipouiiilv riif foil, .win- talilr •^ivr^ alialy-c^ >liowiiiL; la) the ...iiipii-itioii of a >arnplr of uas fiirtii>lii'.| l.\ a pio.hiicr ii-iii^' aiilliracitc coal all. I -lippliiil willi liotli air ami -.Icani, ulmli inav lie lakm a~ tV|)ical of ..i.liiiary -proilurcr iia- " as ii-c,| f,,r ^.a- rw/uu- uork; ili) llif .•i.iiip..-ilion of typical "ail i;a~" in wliicli the Mip;ily ua> air containiii'^' oiilv a .•■rv ^niall pr.iporiioii of water vapour ami llic fuel was coke; (o the coiiipo>il ion of ■ ualcr L:a> " inaile l.y lilowiiii; s,ealii o\er le.l liot coke.' lAMIi: N.W I Composition of Gases by Volume I'l 4 11. \ < :ll li.itl innliiixillc I rill... II ill.iM.I.. Il\.ll..-.a . M.lli.nir. Niln.L'.'M. I'll'. . . ! ii.'l. I'.'ImI 1 1.ii-lil.lc ita-i l'nniilcrr ail •) 1.-. A :.i N 11 :i Aritlit II' II- Air i:n: 1-4 i() »>.■)•(» :t:{ii (like \\ atiT nan 11(1 :i ;{ isii I :i 7 !U (t Ci.kc III. ..I I „! h lit' 1.1. .\iiiliracite ami coki', I lie fuel- ummI in -ciieratin^ the iiase.s who.sc coiii- l"Mti..ii- arc i^iveii above, contain a very lariic propoftl.e ,.' jl^-wl earlioli. ivpical alialy>es of these fuel- l.eiiii; ~oinc\vli,a1 as i.,I|.>\v, I AHI.i: XWil Composition of Anthracite and Coke 1-uol FIvc.l cailHiii Wilalllc Ml! 'I liiin-\ Ivaiiia aiilliiMiali coke . \-\. •**•»••> ST) r, -, s|rl;||| |ilii|>iil t I, iImI I hi- i- , ill lai I . In'in.l I CI U' I lie c:!-.-. w 11-11 - i- ! ' lu ' Mcriitfil |i,.|:i fllcl- "hliilli .1 ri.ii-i.ln.iiili .niiiiiiii 111 li\ iliiiriii liiiii r :ir^r i|ii:innly ii< Miliiulr iriiMrl iiii IiI'mIiiii; ' • i~ liil Uliiilinil- iiimI. u l,ii i|ll|'iil||li|- Mllii 'jiv 1' 111! Iljl'lll I- M llilli'll l> -|ll-lllll\ ll III- '^l- I- 111 I I' ll-l,, hi| |l «C| |ll|ll' M lirriill !■ III.- Uiirls|ii_ 111 llli- I IllriT il-l-il i-- lllnlr ii ill l| il |i ■:> li ■ I lllill ll l|. Il'llii - 1~ 111- U-' i|, ali'l ll 1 l:i liialti I- ali,.ill; III ■ lli-li :i Wa iii 11-1 it-(-ll'. ill llii- liil'i--, aiii' ill llii- |ia"a ilni \ai\i-^ III' ll.i (-imiiii--. Tlii- a-|n-rt ul tin- i |ili--l ii ill i- i-im-ii It li i| '111 r II, i\ liil iii-li' thai li\ I'liil'l ilii; -|"-i'ial i|i-i'^li- lui IT ai- 1 1 Mliin J a|i|iara'n- I iiai- 1 ■ iilaiiiiii;; i- iiiurli a- In jn-i mil n; \.ilalili-ii lia\i- li.-i-ii -III I (---ImII) rlnj'liiVi ll liir |"iui-i- L!a- l;i iii-iai i'lii 1, \- - i,- ijil I Mi-- I 111: \ii\-lil I I Ml \c ll ^ 1- 1 I 1.- \ -<-i-|iii:ial ll \|i-". Ill a - - |ilii-lilrii liii 11-1- Willi lucl I iilii 11 llli _ l|M liii \ nlal ill- tnatlt-l l- -^l\rli m 1 i-^ •;'.». illl Wllllll II V III In -l-l-ll allalrLiriiicli I 111' I {,■ ■!■ Ii,-ii|lliril -.1 a- 111 pli \ i. -il|i|il\ 111 1 -nil. :;lal I : i- aij ilil- I- IMIi-Ih |i • 1 hi In- wnlkri a- a " - |i'iiili|irl ' ill uliirli llii- (-liL'iiii ,l-i-ll ihaU- Hi'n llir |il • "lui i-i 'In- iii|., ll ail lii-i-iji-i! In: il ■ i|il i:il lull. Sll-.lil c-iili-l I ' , r li:ilii:r- \Miii-i| rii- In ll' t ill- |iriii liiirr \M-ii- III 111- " jiii --UII- " I \ |ir. in u Imli I lir air i- Mnw ii ii I'ali. Ill' il llii- ill:i!' \M 'I- iiiaiij' nil li\ lln- -.rliiiii il ll I . mill. Ill riiiii--i'. ll il|i|i .1 I liiililT. ll .MUllil ili\iil\i- :iciili! iiili:il r\|ii-|i-i' :i- -I Wn ,l.i i-.|iiiri- iih-Ii mi Ii--- i. lii lUrnliiih. il i- u-ilallv ili'>ii:ililr. r- ■ i-i:ill\' i'l -iii:ill iii-l allat ii ii - . In .ii- ll ir |iliiili|rrl -n :i- In '^rlH-ialr ll- ••'Aii -n 11- jMll ll 'Hal Ir-i.-li III I II' .!'.! 1- th:it 111 l!u-liin , lim-li Ci. . I.I.I l.i I. |irili|l|ri-|'- ll' I Aiiii-rii-a. hi- I \- II- .irr lull 1 1 iiiair. \\ - 11 ..ImWli linii- III I.Ul'i In I'i l|iiili/rl !t ll II .|ii-|- hai I III I hr lil'iiil |ili.,|l|i-|-r |-'.i|ii-l .nil linili-l . w liirll i- lii-:ili i| li\ I III- I'lii i i {lllll all- a- lii-:ill'i ;i- |iii--ilili- I n -Ii-:ilii 1 I In- a; V -ilji aii i-lili-l- al A |ia--i III. lllll. Ill ih-.i i-h i\ i-i 1 III- ll u al . all ||' -li-:illi :i|ii|ii; llii- pipi- E -aiiiiiL: I -I llii I i-:ii rii--- I lir II C lllliHV li n- \i I :ili .iiii: llic- ii|i|iri |i:iri .>! il -.hni-i ':i--('- ihriuiL'i :i 'Aaic-r i-lili-r- 1 III- Illl II -.11 111 :i w i-l -r|-i ■hrl- S . -l: -i-lillLi 111' :i i\ liuih tailiiii;; :- .iily nl liin-rl\ |i:irl.r.i i-nk- hiniiL'h uhii-li U:ili-i- i lir rniiliiiL; :i:mI u a-liiim 'li' :;:i- mi n- ii|n-. .: I |i;i--:il.,i- -lli I 111- w - MIillil I- ''i |il|"' F rnlnhin- till- -_,i- llitii all i- \|iali-liiii tlii-ii I.I till- i-iii!iii. l.-r -laiiiiii; t hr |iriii|ia-ri'. -ihall li:iiiii lal -linwiM ainl :i " i|ii- G li-aili- -j i - 'In- at tin .-I -h. n- a|-i- |irn !i.l. will -tall 111 111. .Wli lli: t hi- -jiai-.- C, 1 1 H i- ■ ■ ii-il II ■!.. itrn 'fp.. T»» 34^mm»r^m ii j »(»-.~ » ^; rt I I- '" -Ipll.ih i;.,- |,i.> 111, , I '■■ I' ■•■■ . •..,>! ' ... I, I , |,„...|„. l.„„|, MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART "Nsi M-.( l^( :■ Tf- M 1 H^fc' N, 1.0 \M 12.5 i'^ 11112.2 I.I [2.0 1.8 1.25 '•4 liil.6 ^ ^-IPPLIED IK^^CjE Inc m ^:M. £'l|:::^l^K.iV tJ»%:«IL,-^H'(^ .XOk/ ■ssPint-jimM^ "jT.i . r ir ii ««-:*: i.'K««f«S!i«.-^<^ ■PBS'T v,'»rriwv«%» ?T,ftJl *■ iX>i:MK'ii iti' :;-,* ■ -f' '5?B%»^'flPS wi ;iti!;i-lilit'rt', ami the iii'd'luriT .mh-Us iiii'li'i- ~liL;lir |irc— lire. wlicii-:i- in tCLruliir rt;.,!iiriir thi' pivssuiv in tin- \' 'hpIc sy.-tciii i- >iii;lilly lr-~ than at iiiii-|ilicric. > . ! Ill tinMluci'iv- (if llii~ ;\|.. aic in use up tn almiil ,iiii ||,|'.: laimi pru- .]..■:■- iivc UHUaii>- n( tlir |.!v~-urc ty\>c. in uliirh aii i- ^ipplicl l,y a Mowi-r I.' .Mil jet. :i nil till' w 111 lie apparatu- i- iiihIi-i- a pli'imm. I; -lioulil 111' iinifil that in Mirtinn i:a- priMluccis tin. \ap"ri/(i' or ImiliT ; ; '. i|!ii'ntly plariii in the |iipr Icailini; td tlir -ri-iilil.c i. an.! ni.l iii liic pro- ,iii •■ !• ll-rlf. An apparalU- i if t lii- kin. I is -inuvii in l-'ii:. 10. uhii-ii npiv-int - 'In- I'iht-^i'h siiiiiciii pnMlu.-iT lirrc tlir hilt um- fnini the fuel lied Iravin- t1.,^ pnHlucri- liy \Ui- pipe B pa--cs thrmiuli a vcnical tube C in ujiat i- ivallv ,1 -in.ill liniicr. fell Ky a iiravily wat.r -upjily, an.l .li-rliaruini: -Irani at :,M!! i-phcrir |irrssiliv liy till' pipr J iiit.i m,. space below the .jiale . .f I he M!...!iliv!-. Ailtunialir ail.ju-lnienl .if the steam siipph" is airaliLie.l. -., as •.. - ,it the i-eipiirenieiit- (if the fuel and liia.l. The iirodueer i> |irii\i.|e.l uiih a •! i-l trap D and the ii-nal wet sernhher E and its accessuri, s. Inr tiie iiperaliiin 1 1| an ai.tlirai'ite nr •ui^e pi-,iduc(-r. piiivision iniiM, nf . ii ;r-i . he made fur jiDkin;; the lire, fur the i-einoval oS asli and siip])lv nf fre-ii •111 1. ami for irettint: rid of any du-i or refuse which may he de]iiiMted in tin- |.,; . - or scnihlicrs. 'I'he rhiei troal^le- to lie iriiarded aiiaiiist aii>e fium •1). foniiation of clinker in the producer, or fiom L;,as explosion., in the pio- ■i'.i.i' i.r pijies: al-o there ir. tiie ])os.,i|,ility of ;;a- poisoniuu' if anv leak or '.Iniiinii permits tin- esra])e of ..:as coiitainiii;; rari)on monoxide into the I I'.Mhirer rootn -or eli.^ine rooin. The latter i> e\idelitl\- les- li|;ely to 'ir'ir in a suclion plant llian in one of the pre.-snre i vpe. .\ lew word- n'L;aidiM.^ these matter- will not liemil of place. The term clinker in a 'jas ]iriii|iicer i- u-imI to denote tic fw-ed a-h nf the : ii ! If the ti'nipei.itiire in the inca"de-i eiit /one of the find be.l i- sncli liiat the ash melt- a- it is lorined, tnere i- a tendency for the inelt.d a-h e: rliiil-.cr to adhere to the wall- of the producer, or lo trickle down and caii-e (rouble l.)\- solidifying in a cooler jiart of the fuel bed or in the bed of •iln-c lyiu;; abo\'e the ulate. Sometime- .a rim: of clinker i;rows out fiom the Wall of the ]iioducer and seiioUsly inteih res with the rei;ular downward iiioviiiient of the fre-h fuel which ou;;ht lo occii,- as tliat below is buiiit awav. Ill -iirli a ca-e it i- neces-ar.\- to reinc've the adhefi tit nia— by p(lkin^^ riic trmilile may evidently be avoided either by usinir a fuel who-e ash !::.- a iii^h meltin.ii- point, or by workin.ii- with a low temperature in the fuel I" ! 1 he hitter result is easily obtained by increasinn: the proportion of ■■' .::i in th(> air -iii)ply, but too low a temperature is luide.sirable, since it is ;.d that with very low iiioducer temperatures the resultin.i: K:is will be ' ':. in carbon dio.xide and low in carbon monoxide; the calorilic value of iiie -as .irener will thus be h'ssened. The usual temperature in tlie , ilea ted zone of „ _..s i)foducer is about l,r)0{r to 2,1(J0^ F.' I I he risk of sias explosion in a properly operated iras producer plant is \. rv I sunlit. In order to proflui'e an ex])losi\-e mixture, the ,i;as -. 'tt - lea--iu;r the I f!iel bed must be mi.xed with air.'and this can oii|\ occur ihroiiuh leai-v jom.. 3 • See Bulletin :>'.lo (.:. S. ( icii. survey, pp. l.">--.'7. .■.wzr^mss^.f^jg^^^-m^.m^ I'll! v;ilvc'<. iirc"rk^ in a -iicti.iii |rl;iiit. 1.1- l,\ tlic iiiiiii'(i|ii'r ii~r ..i ,p|h'Iiuil;-. • a< :i-h |>il , clraiilni:. "i' \'iikr li"li' 'In.ii- I l.^' |ii|ii' -\-lriii -IimuI.1 alwa pioviilo'l wiUi a -illHi-iiiil iiuiiilirr Ml v\alcr -cal-. likr thai -liuuii a' l.ott'.ni ,il' ill.' -a- i>iitirt |,i|M' 111 rii', :;'.!, -u thai tl. I ■ ri'lrrt i.r a ua- I'xpl.i-!. ihc iiipiirj; '.vill -iitjpiv Kr ui MdW out tlir waiii- in i.iic '>\- mui'i' nl tin- - Wlicll clra-'illL.' m!i) a -riiiM.rr nV L:,a.- Ii(iliii'|-. !iu lirr "f li-lil -I M 1 ir ai'' ■ in till- |.|. ..lurii- 1h.ii~i' alal all liri'fallt ion-. -IhmiI.I lie l a!-.c'n hi a\aiitl |im--i! ■ i.t i'\|pl"-iiin. ('ailinii iiaiiiu\iiii- i- till' iinl\- piii^iinmi- cdii^l il ucnt ui' pi'mlnrfr iia-. it i- iniHliirciu^ anil nccii:-- in ,-utIicirnt ainoutit \n iTiulir llir i;a- 'laiii;' •, to liuuuili litV' if ilihalc'l. Kmiv cai-c -ImmiM. ihdvf'iv, he lakm to , , ,: !t;aill>t Icaka-i'. aial tin' pioi luccr hoii-r tnu-t lir well vent ilatcl, \\ ,. I'lciiuillLr i^ 111 Ik' iliini- it i- vciv ilnpl-ll.lrlit to rntcra ~riiililir|-. i;a> Imlil, any part of tin- in-ial!aiioii until it i- coiujilflcly rlcai'c'l of ua-. ano i bniMl lijowii out uilli fn-^h air. AL:ain. in ^lartinu a -ilction plant intlst be ttilati that the ci.Liiiir i- Hot ill -Ui'li a po-itioii that liolh lia- ;V air ilili't \'al\c- aiv o|icll, a< in this ca-r 'J::is uiulil possibly br '1: • lhioiit;h till' pio.lucir by the oiillcc- into the priiilucrr oiciiLiinc room. If a man i- afffclcl by i-arboii inonoxiilc poi>oniiu:. he -houM be at ' IT \c.l into warm froli :iii . .'lul il ili.<('li-iblc. the tir.-t-aiil tiica.~iir('< rc.piia ar<' aitilicial ivspiratiou or the ailiniiii>tratioii of o\yi:cii. l-',\])osiir(' to i.. is 1o be a.voiileil. Mthoiliih thou-atnU of -a> pio.hlcer plants are in u-e ;. case- of -eiioii.-. poisoiiiii;; or aspliy viat ioii oreiir. Oil accoiini of the fad that with a >iii 'iou |iroiliicer the ]ire^sure w;':. the ,i;a> system i> less than that of the at iiio-phere, any leakage occurring \'. i.. the eiij;iii(' is woikiuii uill be from the air into the proible leak-, 'I'he etliciency ivachiaj by the be to m' cent .and mo-t installation- workiici with bit iiminou- coal -how a coiiside- lower elliciiiiry thait this. It -hould ]> noted th.at when producer iia- rontaiuliiLi- h>-dir)::i h\ droi-arboii compound- is burn!, the heat 'liveii up b\' the jirodur'^ combii-tiiili i- m'eatiu- if the steam formed is coiio ;-i d than if the -te :. not -o cotidi 11 ed, becaus<' of tlie relat ively larLie anioi lit of heat liiven o i' '■ each pound of .-team in bein;^ luriied 1o wattu'. When spoakiinr o: calorific value of such a i:as. it i-. therefore, necessary tu ki'ow whethe' ' hiuher value (allovMi": for the conden-at ioii of any >tc'a!n foniiedi o^ : lower, or efTeclive, value is meant. The two (luantities often differ ' mi'rii as lOjxrciiit. It seems r;,L;hi io ! ai.e l!:c loWer V;uUc lii ;j:a- pr- ..ik. -lice llir plMcluct- .if rniiiliii-r iciii -iv :il\\:i\- :iliii\r _' IJ 1 . ' hin thcV AC till' eli::il..', :lli'l I he -I Clin l |;c-\ >■, .m ;i;ii. lli.-l'cl'i.iv i- 1 1,1 1 i-i.|ii|rli-cil. 1, V- I'll' Mil I I i:- I'll: I.I I I MINI «i - I I I I,, (i;i- fill' i;-l' in L;:i- l-llL^illc- Ihli-i l.r ili-;i|, lliiil I-, |il:irt l( ,ill\ I'ri-f fl'iilll , 1-1 111' Iliri'V llllltlcr whiih uill r:iU-r (•}■ Ulrlinli in liic [.:i--;rji'- .i| IUIiImi- ■i:ir (if tlic ■A'ilkilii: |i:il!~ I'f tlic rliuilii Surli u:i- -ImuM in- i |i ! i\-clci I In ■ l,r i-lii;i'ii' :it I- low .-1 lrln|ii'l':il nir :inii : ■ :. 'li'jli :i licli-ll " .i- |ii i-^llilr. -u t lial •ij riiL^iiii' ni;i\' l:iki' !n ;i cIkiIl:!' li:i\inLj I lir L^riMir-t jH.-.ili|r h, :,i \ ;iliiiv Tlic - -liiiiiM lir iiiiifiiiin ill i|ii;i!it\ iiiiil uiiinl i-i'ni| i! ('• i in -U|.|il\', wh:ili-\ir tlir r.iic :it uliicli llic )i|Mi|iii'cr i- wni-kcil, an'l llic i i|iri':it ii.n ..f ilic ]i|-ii.lnrci' |il:iii1 -i'lilltl iliviilvc liut lilllr -i|]irl\ i-i'ill an. I Inaliila! kilmur nil llic part nf llii' .iili'ii.kilit-. Ila> |i|'.i.l\ici'rs 11-ili.i liiniliiiiiiiil- ciiaK liaVc lircll ^ucn-;~fi|l!\- u-("! f"!' i: I'l-t lial |iur|iO-c~ ~i|i-|l a- irnirlil liUininu, -Ircl liicllini:'. all.i fllr like, -in.'c the iiii ro. lurtiiiii nf t In Sicincn- pr. i. luci r aii.l furiia'-.' in iM.I , liiit -'ii'li liiii.juri-i -i arc usually of rnn-i.li-ralilc -!/.•-. an. I fiirni^li L^a- wliirli i- nciiliii ikali liiir .iiiil I'lTcloiu fr.iin lar, an.l low iiin|iciai urc n\ 'ja-, alt- .|Ualilir- i.f iiulc III' IK) ii'lvantaLic f. .r fmiiari- \v.>rk, alnl fuel :;a~ pri"lui'cr~ arc, l limf..!.-. Mlaplci all. I Ic-- ilitlicuit ill iipci'alinll than I- the ca^c wilh pl'mhiri i- -npply- ihu t;;i^ I'll' piiwcr piirpii~c-. A i-nal niav lie capaMi- nf uivilm' -ali-fait.ii' I'l-illl- in a lai'LLc fuel iia- pn.'hii'i'i', aial max' liex'crl licic-- 'iive tr.iulilc uln-n liiiim ill a pniihiccr fiirni.-liiii'j L:a- im' pnuei' piii'p.i~e-, c-pecialK' if the pi..- .i'ii'cl' i- a -mall nne. l iicl L:a- priii|iicci'> ' will imf lie ili-ru-.-c.| here. Inn the i'iin-1 liH'l i..ii ai.il cpei'ai inn nf ,'i few Icailiiii;' 1>pe- nf pnUd' •,i,i-- pi.i- .in.'cl'-i W ill lie ilc-cl'ihed, in 111', lev to ill u-t rate 1 he -peri:il i liiiirni' ic- in\'iil\eil ill liic use nf liit ilininou- fucK. Sue' cU f.nni 1 he niainl' pal't nf t he WiiI'M'- fuel -upply. aini pnwcr i;a> plant- mil-: lie capalile nf ut ili,^iii'_: liil nminmi- I ..al- if they arc In I'.impetc -iii'i'c--f iilly with -leatii plant- un.lcr :in\' Im! f\.',-ptiniial I'il'i'iim-laiirc-. A- will lie -ecu fi'.im t he f. ilinu ini;' imlc-, hnuevci', '1|.' .ll'-iL;ll nf JlnUCl' Lia- pl'n. ll ICC 1'- Inl' 1 Ml Ulllil ;. (11- fuel i- -till Ull. Icl'unill L' .li'V'clnpnicIlt . The I'cnipn-il inl! n\ I'ci'iaii! typical i:a-c- ma.le fmin 1 lii umiiiini- m.-il f.ir p.iucr piii'pe-c- i.- -linun licl.iu : - TMili; .\\\lll Composition of Typical Gases from Bituminou'- Coal. Type (ll ri'.iilui ( r l;. !'. W.i.iil \V.-iiiii;l..iii-.' \l.i -Mi.i-iui'.' I i\i.| .'.ir!...i.. . , \iil:iiil.' '.alter A-h 1 Jl 1- illt Jl> ■lii- Hi 71 's • ',,',( 1 Ci-t; Id- ll '27 i) 7 ■ '*'* s- .,., tin I'lir a il.'-criiu'.aii nf ivnical l.ii'iii- .il' tu. 1 LM- i.r.i.lu(-'i S.A'i.iii. I'uil ! li .'i..iy Matcn.il-' I'lil.. ISL-iVki.' an.l >.,ni, I li.-i|. \ IP I Uil I \\\ III ' ■'.l.i.''l^ I \ |H l.t I'lM.lll, ,1 I! |l U I U,-lii,i;l.'iU-. \I.,|,,I ( :irl>iMI llloljnM.j Carl.r.ii .li.iM.I. M.lllMlL,. Nllnit'cll. r1' 17 I i;i 1^ I 1.' 1. Clilonlir \;ilu.' l..^^. I HI ,1 - \"-r ■'lli II. I .".O II I". :; l:i J I'l :i:. I^■:i 1117 Tlir-r IlL'ii - ni.l\ I'l' r..lii|,.in .; uilli ll|,,-c ..I' Tlililc- \\\ 1 Mli^l \ \\ ! : :,lhl U illi llir :il,:il\ -(■- i;i\ili hili 1- il T.-iMr \ \ \ I 1 I Sii iiiiii:i i \ l!( ml, I , •! i , i- If ;itlrliil'l - :iiv lii:rli' I" U-i' liit miiili"U~ rn;i| ih 1 1|. ., Ini'iM ~ nf -ui'll I \ !'■ ;i- nyv -lluwn in li-IIH- :;v, :,\\, ;iImI III, lllr tll-t .■Hit! i ,i' t'lr In Mi r lui'l ^ (.f :i pnili.iii iif l'i>-li Inrl i- iIki! ;i i|i|:ilil ll \- uf I III- \-.rl;ililc ni;iltrl i- ■Iri'.rii n 1>\- ihi- lir:il 111' tiir :il:c:ic|\' inr:i M. Ir-ci'lit lilil Ik'.I. 'I'lir iv-illliliu J;i- i- tin riiarucil witli liv'ilhM-illiMii-, till- |ii'."hirl- 1.1 |i;ii-li:il . i i-l lllat ii ill "!' I'hr fir fili'l. ;i- Wfll a- willi iln-t al'i-ilr^ I'lulii llir a-ll >>\ llir furl lir-l. 'riii' 'al'i iniiltn- ainl ilu-l afr pai't l>' iIc|m i- itnl in 1 lir pijn' ~\ -ti m, ;inil carl ly ivianM in tlic -rnililiiT. uhirh ia|iii|i\ lic-i-nnic-- ili I'^-n I , Imt a lai'^ji' aiiiuuiil nl uliiri I innalilr inalrl iai !'a---r- iiM'i' In t lie i'iii;ilii. u lii'l r il -u. in ina kr- ii - |ilc~i-la i inaliilV-l li\' iili-l iiirt inn ilir |Mivi- :ini| |ia--a'ni'-. anil i'-|MTi:ill\- llir L:a- ai- ail NaKi--, ~ii lliat in a -iaHl tilm- 'lir m'/ilir rra-r- In Uulk. llilT llii- is lint all. if till- liit Uliiiniiii- ru;il i-ni|ilii\c.l i~ 111 a rakiliu ijilali' till' flT-li furl u ill ! I'l hi til In VIM a 1 1111 IT u|- II'-- -oial laMT a'llii'l'itr^ t" tin- uai of llir |iii"li|i'i'i . aim |irnniltin;; tlir furnialiun of a linllnu -pai-c ;,s llir n - (if till' furl liill'li- aUa\ lu'lnu. I'lii- laVrV ha- tn lir ln'okrli ilnWIl li\' |"ikiii_ a ]iriiri'— u liii'ii cli-t ui'li- till' li"-;ulai' ii|i('lal ion i.f 1 !ir ii|-ci.lui'('|-. alnl 1- lialilc '^ i-ailM' lapiil I'liaii'^r- in tlir i|ualit\' aihl i'oin|io-il imi ol ihc i^a- I'diriati'il. r\i" if il (lues not I'l'iiilrr 1 1ll' -il|i|)l\ Ili-Ulliciflit fi ir 1 III' rluiinc. 'I'lii' iv^i-laliir ihc fuel Im'iI to till' ]ia--aLir of ilir L'a- will al-o rlialii;!'. alnl tlii- I'liali'^i' ui 111- shown liv an inrii'a-c or iliminut inn of thr |ii'i'--ur(' in ihr |ir()ilui'ri' an liijic r-\sti'in. In lari. il will 1)1' foiiial that an oi.linar>' >U(.'tioii jirinlur. ('i|ui|>in('iil whirh will uiiik pcrfcrilx with lokc or atit hiariti- tails riitiii- wlli'U tlii'il with liituinilioil- roal. cvi'li of lion-rakili:; i|Uality. Dillirill'' fi'oni till' -tirkiiu: Ol- haiiiiini; of thr funl linl will, of roiii-r, \»- inoiv r-rriou- i a ,-iiiall proiliu'ci' thai; ill a lar;;i' oiif, for if thr proilurrr i> of siiHicii.ni lai'i;!' iliaiiictcr lhr fuel lavri- will ti'lul to lu'rak ih".'. n iiihli'i' thrir own wrii:' without the u-i' of lilt' poki'f. Siii'i'('>-fiil power Lias proilurrr- for liil uininoiis i-oal niii-t, lln'ii'fo p''o\ii|r nil': MS for: - ill Dcslroyiiu or rcnioxilii: the lariy inatlcr aii-iliL; from the fiv-i ♦'■li'l I'haiui'il. y^^ I ii;, II ( ,:,. |,l,„|urrr Icll' Imllilr liri.|Urlli i Kiiriiini; . ,-: f .'« '.'i Ih-iirilr: :i iiiillMiin /..\Mn\;ii.i innv itni i,i i.l I'hr ili;ii::i' i- ilir ,. ! !- 1 I ill- u II II -I I. \\ iili.Hii rsi-i--i\4' iiKiliW;il l:iliiiiir. I li'i- ■ 'i 'I :i iriili'.' i ■iriMiui- , ,- :ili'l niiil"i'lii i|Ualii \ "I ■.•;i.. i.lr \ i.i.liiii; till- 111-- ari-iii.; I'll. Ill Mil.iuil i:iili.,ii in Mii niu-i-. an. I ■ 1 1 1,1 iiii.s ili'i l'il'i|-i- « il limit 'li-l III liiii- I 111- ii|ii r.il ii.h 111' Mil- ]iriMlMi-ii-. Till' llHlliml- li\ Wllilll t||l-r- 1 Inl- ll . 1- lull! 11,, ,11- 1.1 !. -- iMllilii, ll 1\ Mailiiil ill artiial |.|iiili|ii i- w ill In- -iih ! nin I In- . Ir-i I i | .' p i|i - w hi. h h .jlnw. 'Ilii- |ii.i.|i|. 1 - 111' ijl-l ;lla< iuh I lull 1 I'll .| III ini 111- 1-1 la I, \M....|. |i. a' . ..1 111 111 I ' .ill-alllliraill ii' llll'l riilllaill \ aliiill- !. '. . lln.' lllmll ri.|li|iiil,l|. I-, u hirll Irh.i l.p i.Mak U|i ililii -iliipli'l lul 111-. Iiiillv 1111 t ha I II III' Ilia I -'I -a- I'll,'. U luai la a'l'i '11 a Ii-lillicratiii'C' rill n -|iii|ii|iii^ li. a i.| ijhl IVil In al , 1 hi- | ii ... i-- 1 lit".' n! '. ii ii . i.lii|iallii'i| lix * he ililm-il iiili 111' ral'iiil I, 1 hr Ini In nf lali li Mai i. ..' .ml II hri-. if t he \ a|iii!ir- al i-iiiLi I lulu 1 hr I'lv-li .:., I in a I lii 1 1 n i iin m- | n • ii Inri-r In- • iiaun lliiiiiiL;h till' 11111-1 highly hcaicil /.iiii- .ii ih.il i.r nl' a -i laiial |ii ■ " 1 ;ii" r. llir wh.ilc iir the 'pirate r part nf ihn 1 a i' v\ill in i|i r. .mi •• .-i. i ii|- liiil'iil ali'l liiiihi r liilliiMill \ axiii.ltii' null'-- thf l,,in|i llla('l^ vi\i-- li..:,lili- ri.c I III I \ III liri' aht'iiiat i\ (' i- tu n'liKiiif i he tar li\ -nine him I nl' w a-hili'^ iir • IcaiiiiiL; |iiiirc-- :i|i|ili{'i| in the L;a- ailrr it icaic- ihi' |irii.|i|i'i r. Till' ImiiI f iiii; I'l'iiiliiri |- I II'. Ill i- ili-i'^iiial I'l.r u-r \Mi h lirii|i|ii li - iiia.li' irnlii liLllilr. alnl ln;i\' iir laLrli a- all i\aiii|i|i' nf 'hi l\|ir in \\hiih I Iir tally IilaMcr i- ili'-l rii\ri| hy r\|iii-illr In a i;i'-il li-lil | nn at II rn wilhili iIh' pli •• hirer, rill- a|i|i.iral II- i- -ilnilar in unirral |>i iiirl|ili' tn a pr.i.lnr. r pali'iili'.l liy |)..v-iiiiin ittiKi, alnl ciiii-i-l- nf a mI'I icalliiiily -mnr ^ nr ID fn i inhri'Jit. ariaiiiicil a- -Imwii. uilh a L;l'ali' G at the linllniii, alnl a '^a- niitlcl K alum' half \\;\' Up, Air i-^ ai I 111 it t I'll h. .1 h a I the Inp alhl liiittnin n{ t he pi "lui rr ; lai \\ hrli rilliliilii; nii li^iiilr, w liii'li rnntaili- flinil 1 "i prr nni tn :il) pel r'ii 1 'if iiini-l nrr. i;iinil i;a- rail lir nlii:iii,i'i| with fain-llirirlu-)' u it In ml 1 he a.iini--ii ill ..f aihliliiilial -team. the ua- nilllel i- -n fnrineil that a- lllUrli a- |iii--ilile nf 'he air elite film at tin fuel inli I I Inu-I pa-- ' liriiili:h ! he heateij /niie nf the file I hef.ile reaehillL: K. A pa--a'.;e ivshii'h leail- frnlll the tup nf ihe pl'n. hirer I'l ihe atliin-phere i- u-e.l fnf -lal'l iliLl, alnl i- eln-eil liy a \ aU'e ihlliliL' IV'jillar 'illiliili'.;. rinvi-inli i- Inaile fi.r jinUilii; the ei'eh'inr nf 'he lire alnl fill- pnlJli'i. a- reipiiiv.l. I.y iiieai,- nf plnper -iuhl la. . - alnl pnlj' hnie-. The i'.'-itinll 111 the /nlle 111 hiL^he-l I eli i pel'a 1 n I'e rail lie lei; 1 1 h; 1 1 ' 1 li\ \ al'V ilr_; 'he ■e!ati\-e aniiiillit< nf all' a.iiniiieil at ihe tnp ami liiillnin npeiiim.:-. in -i|rh a Mialilier ihal the prnihnl- nf iilalinli fr.ilii ihe iVe-hly rhafjeil fuel are p'nperl\- .|ern|iipii-eil. Tlir h p'llinn nf the pi'mhirer uheii Wnrkilr^ uell r.Jlitaili- nlily rnkeil fuel le-liii- nil a lieil nf a-li. The wimie appa.al II- Play '" re;:ari|ei| ,a- a niiinliinat inn nf tla- -..-ralle.l iip-.|rafl alnl . hiwii-.liafl -'.■■- lelii-, the Jia-saiie nf the '.^a-i - heinu linu nwal'il- in the upper ami iipwai.i- '. the Inuer pnninli. Surli a prnihiier Wnilhl plnlialily lint wnlk ei|iiall> '■i II with caljii'^- hit uiiiiiioiis rnal. a- ihi- fuel -lirk- m- haii"- in the prmlurer linirh nuire than IJLiiiite, ami pnkimj in a ileep prmhirer nf rniniiaiativelx' -liiall iliaini ter i- lint ea-\'. ' 1 iir u ili-rii--iiiii III' variiii:- iiiriiiu'l- m' ilraliiiL' «illi ilir 'm ■iillina'y in nil iiaiiniiii in,,nii|.r<. -rr - I .ii.'iiirrriiii.', -Ian. :;i, an.t I i 1.. 7, "ii|n. •>i A |IIim|i1ii I |.!,il|I III wlllill ll,. I;ll I- .|iiM|il|iii-ii| Ih 1 Mc.iliil -i|.,,! lull iri' liiit iMi i I- -liiiu ii III I rj 1.'. wlmli iipii-iiii - till- i'"«i-i Mini Minn M:ii'hiin'r\ < I > ;iri:iii'.'iiiii III ..It u IN I |i|i i i • ktiim n :,- 1 1 f lupltii- I'lt I lliilir " -\ -lilii ,1 -I *ii llic V( I V -llllil.-il III l|i;i' in I'jillllllv | iV. i| >■ .-ii 1 ih llllLihili li\ S licii.'ili'l III I'^^'.V ■ilnl -iiiir iili'ii ll', iiiaii\ orhiM csprlllni lilrl - III tlli- .irrMni'i lllilll tu.i |ilf .r|i|i i l- nl- ■jclirlnlnl - rnlmi liril ;lt !lli-t..| ll.i\i' -.aUi- A mill B lia.llii.' ll ill. .|iaii- In iiiatli 'In- '^lal'- In a "mN or \ apiii i/ti I r ill. tii[i III 'III- \ i|i.iii/i'r \ iIm- C hhI D rniiiliiii i| iiiiiliil ■ja- 1" lailiii III luii -a- liiii.lii- I 111! 1 ml ;.i.|i|i i,| lliinii'/li li liii|i|icl- E .ili'l F. I III- [iliMJurii - alv Ui.liaij ih all a \i lliat til'' |'' illli'l- 111 ili-l illal ii.Ji Iri.iii till '.I ni' la I'll' 1 hat lia- la-t luili rn.iiii lia\r In |ia til lull I'll I III' 1 11 it 1 I ikr.l 1 ml III I 111 lit lll'f '_'i!lll atiir. Till I'r ;, li i M'Pal ua \ - ' iloill'.' till-. ' >|ii II II 1 la. i I 1- t.i w.ilk till' tw.i ji lii'l-aliil'- ill I la I a 111 1 . U it ll i |i lU 1 lira! ■ -il|i|il\ ill'.', air .iiilv , illil il tin- !i'lii| niat 'li'i' I i-i - -iilla'li-lit I \ hill'ilr.' I i, JMll'i'l till III fl'illl till- I'i|l i,t 1 aril |i|'i.|i|ri r i- ill r..ln|ii.-i-.| ill il- iiVMi In ali : /nlir "1 I'lki'l I Ml I lilt 111 aiiti nr r.iki' ran III n-ii| I'll -laii iii'j;i I lir \ alw ul'i' t lull n lain I 'Illal I" I -'I that "ii -ii| ijilv iln: -lea in < wil In ml ali\ aim tn t ln' lia i c)t '-a\ ' I'lmlni 11' \.i I aial ' hu- ninniln: it Im' Uatcf '_':i- with lin-ili'iil'l . ua-r- .|i-tilli'.i |ia-- ■ i- .wiiu al'il- ihrnilL'h )ii."lurir \ii. '_' alnl al'r thii'r li. . fi'iiin tar. l)iliin^ ihi- " \\'at( r-'.'a- inn" I' 'tli I'lmiuri'i - will fall in ti iii|ii i tuir. a- till' icarlii'ii- "irni'i iii'j ali-iil'li In .1 in-tiail i if ilr\ i li i|iilr.i It, alnl ti ■ uatc'i '^a^ |iriii|iirr.i, uliiih i- liih ill li\ .I'u'ji'n,' i M-nally Inl In a -I'piira'' ,i;a- liulilcr. Whin ihr arlinli ha-- |iiiiri . ili.l -iilhrii-iil 1\ , -train i- -hut .■ alnl air aillniliiil tn Imlh | 'i. Hliirii'-. wlii' !i ale U'lllail 1 1. lU li-i llaft a- liifi.'' -II that all "air "a- run' i- iiia'lr ijiirini; ulinh ihr inu'hiri'r tcnuit'lal uii I'i-i'. I. lit uill I'si'lcnll; 111' hi.'hi r in N'n, 'J than in Nn. I whirr ihr uali'r 'j . ha- liiiii inailr. A -minii ' \\alrr-i;a- run" i- tlnn ina'lr. Init thi- tiini' ti,' -Iran I i- -i||i|ilii'ii tn I 111' lia-r nf Nii, 'J. w liilr t III' L' a -r - |ia-- iliiw nw .iiil- thrmiL \n. I ;\!irir i|,r tal' i- iliall \\ilh ViinthiT ail liii'W fnllnu-. alnl thr proci i- Irpralril i In Ir i; liitr 1 \ . lurl ran lir >lial^i'l ilitn rillirr | ilnilllrr r win, it i- Wnrkilr/ with njii li Inp ilurilnj ihr "all lilnw " )iri'inil.- I li-t allat ii 'i 111 ihi- l>|ir ha\i' '.:i\rn rMrllrnl n-ull-. Inil thnr i- nftrli -nmr i|,,iii'uli ill rlfri'tillL; llir |iii.|ii'i i'rnin\al nf a-li ali'i rlilikcr withn'li iiitri I'rii'iiri- wil cniit iiiuou- oprral inn, alnl i|n-r altriilinii i- rri|inii'il in > r tn inaiutar thr iinifnriii i|iiaiil\' nf L'a- alnl I'l'^ular -nim nrr ai ii|ii'rat imi-. 'I'lir 'ja |iriiiliiii'il fi'iilu liituiiiiiiiiii- I'lial i-, lin\M'\rr, nf a i; I 'iualit\', aim -in [ilalit- al'r rapiililr nf (■(.•ouiiinir wnrkiii'-' ami '.:nnil rlliriniry. A- an rxaiiijilr nf aiinthrr arniiiirniiriil fnr ilraliin; with liituiiiinnu I'lial liy ilr-tlnyilii; lar, thr \\ ('■' illL;lioll.-t9 m!j^Si^^^-- A^ :ijiitmir J":' -^ Hv^ :i ni~- ^^-i^ -t- , -*.. 1 /■> 1 1 ", ,1 . 1 ■■'v.- ! -il-U • ■■'" Vj 1 IL- IJ 1 \ III 1 ll 1\\ p . '»l'!iin h:,l! -:.- |.n., ; \l;i.-i;Mi.l\ < ■/ tffm^mmmmimmmmmm^mm .'^"VJ: .lv.,l...' .. ■ I'l.il. \l.\ II. ni:iKr':uii 111 \\c-tim;li(m-c douMi' z ■ |ini,liii-i.r miIumI Mclioii. ^KSV^^^^^S^^^C^^^S^^i^tt lav*, H >H (i.. ;,l ■llc'MtUIV.-df.'Oll-lrilctidll. 'Ilir |,rn(lllc|.| i- -hoUll ill I'lair MAI I ami ill I ,' i;{' Ir.Miiwliicli it Willi),-,, ihat tli,.,.:i-i imn vapol'izrr, r.iiitaiiiii,:; tlir -i-,,iillct |.a>,-. Towanls the nii. Idle level of th,- pnnliicci' i he fuel i. .,a ■A i,,\\,T letiipelatill-e, while the c,,ke is c.nnpletely l.iiriit ami alhilher /,„„. ni r,,i,il,u-ti,,n occiii-s n.'ai- tin- hottoiii ,,f the lower pait ,,f the pr,,,!,!, .,■!■. Ill connexion with this make of producer, a -a-washer ol' spi.-jal t \ pe '''-'■- ' ''"' ll"' ivmoval of dust, a inixiiiij; header, and a -pecial jire- un- ivi'i|l;i1,,r are employe,!. The pr,„hicer- so far ,le-crilied are of the type in which the tarry matter I- .le-i;,.ved liy expo-uiv to :i lii-h temperalure or l.uriit l.y a '" vercl and theiv may be no troubli- from clinker. The hot -i- lea\-- iim the ,;;enerat,,r is. therefore, nii\(-d with much uii,lec,,mp,)-c,l -ie.-,m. ;iii,l •^!- liilMiiie -ives u), its heat in a regenerator to the inc., mint; bhi-l. The .^a- i- thin p.Mv.,.,! throii-li a mechanical wa-lier, and enter- -p,.cial co,,linL; iow,-i- ■^i" •■■ the ammonia is ab-tracted. Amiia.nia recoverv i not n-uallv practi-e,l '■'■ plant- biirnin- le,,.!-. i,,|„,ri ,,| I ,i:il I, ,. - I'l-iit M. li 1tJ'"m!;l'7'- ';"»7,''^';,^"'-' I.^'^*^"*,-"- i:"»^i'- "er |m'i- ■ l,.ii,|„.i;iluiv. All iii\'il\c ihc cNiic'iiililinc III' a riili-i'li'ialilf aiuiiuiit m ;,li,| |Mi\\rf. aial llii'ir n-c lake- I'riilu llir lia- a |Miiti.iii cil' l\< (•(.iiili!, ;. main r. 'I'lii- -a~ i~ ilcaiii-il li\ mean- i>l' a liliMlilifl lali nr ciniv-ii.,' - iiiiliini'.al appalatu- in wliirli lilirlx' .lividnl :-|>l'a\- (■atclic- llii' du-l : •■ r\i- anil cailir- thrni nH. llic .-|ii:i;. aii'l ivfu-c lifiiii;- .-ciiaratcd from ll; . liv rrniiiluual arlidii, TIk-c Hi. I liinr- alv \l-i'il "li a la!L;r scale for rli : • . lila-I Imiiaiv ,i;a-' f"i' \n,\\vv iHnp.-t-. a< WrII ,— lur |iriiiluccr ua^- I .-a1 i-faili>iy u-c ill an laiiiiiii-. pnw 'l' Lia> -lioulii Inn cnulaill nmir t haii - m- ni;,j|, ,,r v,,|i,| niatlM- per culiir font, alnl lln' '^ar- miLllil. at Ira-t , . )ninliril tilt his ili'iiivi'. In laiLii- iiisiallaliiin> ua~ can lie tliu- clrancil al an i\pcnilitiiiv nf ; !■ ■J per cent of llir l"Wcf In I'c ilc\cli>pcil hy tlic 'jas dcall with. in -cNcial l>)i<'> of lia- pUuil fa.- for cxaniplr the \\ ilsoii proiliiccf , ! v a thoi-iiil'.:li cooling of ihc ili'V' ,i;a^ is carric'l oiil ami is foillnl to fac:;':- the removal of tar ami ilu>I liv siiliM'i|ueMt wa.-hiMt;. Iiecau.~e the paiti'v to he dealt with ai'e iiioie ivadilx' wetted ami entan'/led in the spra\- «!.• ih" tia- i- ( 1 than when hot. The Tar and dust are, of cour.-e, iiai 'i:: deposited in the coolini; pipe-, which are so doi'^iied as to permit i.l .,- and freciuent cleaiiim;. (;.\S I'KiiDrcKU TKSTS .WD MITIUM).-; OV Ti;STl.\(i The seleciion of I'l'i i.-v and reliable methods in ^as producer li -t- om' of llie most ditlicult prolilem- which confront the gas eii.udueer, :,: when svicli tests are to lie u^ed, not to determine the eUieieliry of a ;;i\eii i. (lucer, hut to iiive-li'iate the relalive lied. .\- in t he ca.-e of holier t rial-. il >eem- at llr.-t sijvht a -in,: . ta.-k to meaMlic the fuel .-upplied to, and the heat value of the prod'a t ■; livei'd from, the aiUKiratus under 1e>t. in a j;iven time, hut when the « is atlelnpted practical dillicullie- at once present ilieni.-elves, and uu:. L'a> ]ii'oducer u>inn hitumiiious coal 1 rouhle- inherent in the nalure ■: work to he done render the matter >till more com]ile\. The main objects of ., lias producer te>t. for whatewr purpo-e it i- mi;^ ,■ must he to measure or determine;--^ (1) The aiiiount and caloiilic value of the fuel coii-umed hy ih- p: 'lllcel' ill a uiveli 1 ime; (•_'! the aimiunl of the heat value of this fuel actuallv utilized ami .iv., ahle in I lie fias supjilied during' the te>l interval to an enuine or furi.iii (:5) the amounts or items hy which the io.ss or difference between 1 and i2) can be ac-oimted f(jr; • Tor a licM-iiplina ul a iarsic iu-lariatlou of "Thci.-tn" washer- for :i lilur.; : :■" fia- power |ilaiit, >cc 'Jraii-. .V.S.M.h.. June, I'Jlll. - For .-atisfacft v use in an cniiini'. power pis shoulil not conlaiii more tl n " irniiii ol xili.; •n:itti'r')ii'r ■ ul.ic toot, ami tlic iras ouiilit. at lea-t. to he purifii'' '■' ' " ■' \".:r whole qiie-liuii ol slainlunliziiiK pas proihiccr test- is now (P.IIOI uml. -i ■ cratioii liv a t'oniiiiittce of tlio .Vinericaii Sncicty of .Mccliaiiical laiaincers. imn^pgp b k. mtmrn WW (17 . li llif -iiit;il)ility of the -:i- for its iiitrudcd u>c anil tlic ivli.'iliility atnl fririn.n t'liiiii lroul>lc nf till' 1 ;'cMluc;cr wlicu in service witli the fuel tn be fliil-l'iyeil. Tiie lir-t ililficulty nccuriin'^ is that, ui iletcrniinitiL; tin- comI iiin-uni|itioii, I'lii :i pru.lucer contains a (.l"c|) bcti of fuel, whicli as a rule can only he -eeii iin; cHectl\' at a tew small si;iht-liolos, and whicli may lie coniiMj-.ed to an miLn'iwn ilej;ree of red hot asli and icfuso indistinuuisjialjlc to tiie sii;ht from I'ljiiii fuel. If at the end of a run one could judaic the stale of the find hcil, !i'l could he certain that its condition was (•\actiy the same a« at the eoni- iiiciHcineut, this dilliculty would disa))[H'ar, and the roal fired or ch:iii;ed ihiM ihe |iioducer Would he the same thin;; a-- the coal consumed. A'iuidlv tlieiv may he fonsideralile discrepancy between these cjuantitie-;, even in a I (.iii|iaiatively loiijr test, and the .iras delivered hy the pr.jducer ma\' lia\'e 111. II derived from a (luantitv of fuel greater or le-.- than the amount acutail\ rii:ir-(d i 'o the producer. riie rule of fuel conxuuiplion may he comi)Uted in three wa\'-: ill). From the Height of coal tired, and an estimate of the ililTeicnce liiiueeii the fuel value of the contents of the producer at the hcLiiniiinL; and :.t ihei'iidof the test ])eri()d. In this estimate some assistance may 1 htained !:..iii chemical analyses iiivinir the composition of the ash anil refuse di'awn iiiiiii llie pniducer duriiiLr the test and of the fuel lied (includim; it- a^h and ri lii-c) at tlie end of the test. i/'t. From a suliiciently complete analysis of the ua-e.- )iroduced. a ima-urement of their amount, aiid a knowlediic of the chemical cmnpo- -iiinii uf the fuel, n calculation can he made showin'j; the ammin' of fuel :ii(!iiri'd to jiroeluce the known ((uatitity of gas, a--un.in;;- that all nf the iiii'liiiii in the fuid consumed i-eappears in the gas ucnirated. iV). In a .small iiroducei. which r'aii he mounted nn a weii;hiii^ machine ;iiiil weiLihed continuously during the trial, the total weight lii.->t l)etweeu the liiiHS ai which fuel is added indicates the ;uuouiit of comhu>tihle cor 'umed and moisture driven off; from this and other considnations the fuel consumeil may he estimatet.1. liacli of those niethoils has its drawbacks, hui un the whole if a 1 1'ial of ^ujliiietit len.^th can be made it seems best to use in), with proper pivcamions a~ III iieatment of '■(>fu,>e, etc., although this method involves .several -erinus -11 ri'cs of ei'idi-. and correct judgment of the fuel bed conditi' 'i-^ is almost iuiiHi-sihle. 'I'he method (6) of working from gas and fuel analyse- nece.-si- 'i c~ arduous and accurate chemical work, and even when correct and com- pii'te aiialy.ses are av,.; .ible, an unkno\Mi amount of \olatile or ga.^eoiis 'on- -iil'iciits derived from the fuel may have been dis-dlved in and I'arried olT liv I ill' .-cruhher or washer water, m- may have been condelisei' .,.■ depo-ited 111 till- |ii|ie ^y.-^teiii. Tests of considerable length worked -m:' in thi< way I'.^iii yield results not in good agreement with the known rate v' fuel .veiiihiug, a: li It 1- seldom possible in commercial tests to measure the anioitu; ■ _.; I iduced. The third methoil can obviously only tK> u.sed with small ])riii|ucer>; ■ I i~ still necess.ary to allow for differences in the comlition of tir fuei bed. «Pi and a Ii'Iil: run i- iirnli.l in tlii- ca-i' al-u, -incc tlir inlal wcinlit cil tin . . (liicrr alnl rliafi^c i~ ;:ii-al a~ rmniiaii-il u iili tlif -iiiall |ii--c- nr Liniii- in U' .;,• wliii-li lia\c 111 !"■ liili rniinol. Ill niili'i 111 ran\- iMil inctliiiil I'M in a -ati-factni'v niann< r, tlir I'nlli ii;. poinl^ nni-l i'riri\c raivliil attiiil inn. (1) W hen till' ■ iai liciiin- the |.iiii|nri T niii-f ' vc Ihtii nitmlnL: intimli'il lair i<\ uml, i.i:. ami uiili llic liirl i.i in- cii.|.lii\c'il ilnrin- iIh . • fur a linL;tli III I inir -iilliiinii III 'jet llic iMi-l III .1 inli. iv^^iilar uiiikini' ciiihI ; • ■riii> will u-nally ncril i.niii ilmc i.i trn Imin-. ili-iicnilinu mi ilif la'. workin'/ and anmunt nl hid in t ln' |iiii.li|i'ri\ (•_') I'utl niu-t lie ail.lcil. and !vl'ii-r ivniiisi'il. at -tatnl inlcrvaK :i llllifdrni .|Uantitir-. rn a- 111 rn~iir(' a- rnli-tant a rnnditinn III tili'l 111 i pns-ililc. 'I'lir liM'i 111' tlir furl in llir iirnilnnT iiiu-t lir la-iil a- unil'iii : li.i-.-iiili' ||iiiiul;1iiiu1 ihr trial. It i- linl -ilHirirnt -iniply tii lia\'r thi' li'\' tlir fuel llii' -anil' at tlic end a- at llir i iCLiinnili'.; Ill' till' li'-l ; for cxai, ; , if tiii:- rr-ult i- iilitaincd li> lilliii'j in a lnt nf fri-li cnal jn-t at the rnnrli,-. vl the trial pcTiiMl. lliciv will r\iil( iiil\ In' a ui'i'at diri'frciM'i' in tlir fm : !» coiKJitiiin at tlic end a-^^ ciimnaHd w iih that at tin- lii".:iniiiii'i. I'ukini; 111' ili-t nrliaiiii' nf thr furl linl inu-l lii' avuidrd as inU'u |ii)ssil)lc. 'I'lii- rulr i- nltili \il\- ililiiriilt 111 cairv nut. I'-pri ially with :, pi'dduiTr- and llin-i' u-inu liituniiiinu- I'oal, mi arcniint nf ilTcLrula; i' in (i|icratiiiii due ti> >tirkiir^ nf the fuel lied or fnnnatimi nf Imllows wi'L it , in which i-a-c ]inkinu and irrci;ular iliariiiiiL; arc una\iiidalilc. 'llir IciiLith of 1c>1 >liniild lie >ncli tliat tin' pns-ililc error clue to \\f.,T. ostiiuatidli nf the fuel cmiti'iit of the iirodtifcr is sinall, say '_'J. p'r cm; to .'> ]icr cent. 'I'his can scldnm he arrai'iivd for, and it i- dmilitful wlnthi laany puhlishcd tc>t> of i;as iirmhiccrs arc accurate within llicsc limit-, ]\ order to form an idea of the length of cnntinuous run required, we ma\ ti!;- forexaTn])k', :i izus proihicer lilie that used in the U,.S. (;eoloi;ical Survey ti -t- biiving a fuel bed 7 feel diameter and cnntaininir alimii ItiO cnliic t't i ' 8,000 pounds) of coal.excludim; the volume nf the a>h lied. It is evideii! t!; • in this rase wlieii working- at a rate of about 1') i)oundsof roal jiersquan !' • of cross se<'tion of fuel lied per hmir, or .')"() |iouniki jier hour, no lesstlr.ti i; hours run will he i-ei|iiired to cnusume a weii^ht nf cfial eipial to the fi> content of the be(l. An error of 20 jK'r cent, or 1,(100 jiounds, may ciM'v be made in assuniini; the combustible content of the fuel bed to be tl. same at the befiiiuiin^^ and at the end of the trial: hence, if the final <•••::. consumption is to be correct within •"> per cent, at least ^•2,000 piii;.- must be fired, or the test run must bo continued for about 5ii hours, nn 24 hour run tla' possible error would tluMi be nearly 12 per cent :>: .similar (ii;un'S hold for ]>roducers of other sizes,= the possible error ilcpci,;- in!' on Jie rate at wl.ich the producer is worked. ' U.S. Gcol. Survey, Professional I'apcr .\o. -is, Hcport of Coal 'rcstiiic I'laiii T'l" part TII, p. OSt. ' See also T'. S. Cicol. Survey Bulletin '.i'Xi, " factors atTccting proper leiiKtli of ' -!> m I 111' IhpUl 111 till' |iliM|l|cir' ll;i\illL; liiill ill III Ihilinl ill llir I'liim n\ till' ., , iliii' 111 |iiiniiil- lit' lui'l ciin-mucil, imili i|ilir.| liy it- i-.ilni ilii' '..iliic' \iir |„, ,11.|, llir !c-t lllll-l :cl-ii ilirlihlr tlic li ir|i -llli 1 1 ii-l 1 1 nf 'I I'l'lH. \\lliill l^ 1 \ liii'htU- till' i|l|.-|lll il \ 111' '.'.I- I.liMlurnl 11-11:1 1 1 \- in rilliir I'crt I II l U 1 1 i| li in i li\- J! ■ I aim ilil' \ alllr |iir illllir i'mil The '. a It I unroll i hr iii'-l nl' an illiririi! alhl ari'iifali' iiiiii !' i- lai'iii' aliil till' ilinii'iilt\ nl' calililat iiil: it i- rnii-iiliialili'. llll' 7'(',//^// "/;;"■■ a- ilnlii'atc'il liv it- ralmilic \aluc i- hc-t ililci'iiiiiiiil ImI' plai'liral purpn-i'-* liv liillliim; llin ',:a- ill an apparatiH. -llcll a- tlir .lilliI-' i' II' liny-' I'alniimrlrr. in wliirli a inili'icil \iiliimi' nl' 'ja- i:ivi'- up piaitiralK all till' lirat ^rlnTatril to a i-nlil iliunil- -tfc'ilii nl rnnllnz walrr. ami thi- lirat i- liii'a-uri'il liy llic li-i' in Irmpcrat ui'c nl' tlir cnnliiiL' Wairr a- il pa--!'-^ thniili:li the f.'i.lnl'iinrtiT. Spi'cial iliUli-iiIt ic- ari-c wlirli ilcalitrj uilli Urak ;:a- iif Inw I'alnl'ilii' Valur. ill wliirli i"i|i'iri| I ( > ( Il'j i IM ' . ;il|i| llM\ ill'J | Hi m | IliiT (.' 1 I'll'— ■nil' HI \ ai'UUiri In pluilurci' :ilii| ili \ jl imi- |r;iil - iif |ii|ir -\ -! Iluct il.'it lull- ill |p|C--ilir ilill.'trj (i|irr:it int". nil I lilliiiiiill V 111 liHMiliI :ilii| i|ii:illl\' III I'll' iiM- 'I'lir 'iihl •lii-.l arc im.-f naillK mca-iiml li\ liltrlilri :i iiiru-'. nl (|I|:M; ol 'ja- I liliiil'.'li -priial lllli'i' «lirll- m |ia|icl«. I !ii' aliiuillil- i lc| iii-ili . I hc' |il|ii- -\-lrIii call milv lii' ilctcl'liiiliii 1 li\ |iri i' m lii al ilialiiliL' I >li-i'i A al inn- III' litiijiii-iiliirr n/'./wv liiiiini till I'lnilmur arc cMni Valilalili' a- an aiil In crt'cM i\ c- innllnl nl liir |i|iii Inn l '- Unikllli:. Sii (ir urailnal ■ lian'^c- in llii-< trlii|nial nic ilnliiati' altri al inn- in llir un' nillililinli nl t'a I'llll lil-i|, wllirli rail llli'll l|-llall> I"' iliall willl ill '■ In a\nii| tin ilc iVnlri n HI -ii Irl'al ill' \aliatiiin in ralnl'iHr Xalnc nr |ili 111 '^a- I liiii Hal inii- in lalniili. \ aim- nl' '^a- |iiv--iiiv aiv i'-|iri'iall\ lin',., -niiir will II ihi'S iirrc'--ilali' cnlitinilal alti'la I mli- in t lir ai|ji|-t liirnl nl -i I'li^Mii' \ al\ c'-. W lirii li'-lilii; \alinii- inal- in a '^a- |i|iiili|i rl', it i- ncrr— alV linl tn iiiakr -lli'li nli-iTVa' inn- a- all' |in--ililr mi tin- I'llicii'iiry aliil irnii' ' III lllc |i|nill|il'l' willl llu' Salinll- rnal- ll'-lcil. 'illl al-n In ll'l'iitij ;in\' illln' linn nlil ailial'li' a- tn till' lc'lati\'- ai la| il al lilil >' ni lln' \alinii- -alii|ilr- '■ li|H'lat imi ill llir |i|iiilui rl'. I ! \|M'rii'l|ri' •_'aillri| in l'i"^al'i| In tllr Inlln". • pnini - i- \ aliialilc: ill l.alinlll lii|liil'i'i| In llalM 111' illl' rnal alal Unl k I 111- till in till' ; i|i|i-ri. Tlii- i- atli'i'ti-il li> illl- rakill'^ aial liilikri iir^ i|iialitii'- nl tlir ■' il-i'lr, alul liv till' fail that tlii' |H'iiilui'i'i nia\ lir npi'iati'il uilli 'nil lin! . ' ilii inn- ;in-iiiti'il In t hi' |i,'iit iriilai' lui'l iiiiilii' ii'-t , Int- in-taiiri', an in-nlli' i ■ >u|i|il\' nl -ii'aiii ina\' ji'ail In tiniililr tiiHii rliiikfriiii; witli ;i I'lial wliii-li w wiii'k ui'll willi a inu'rr iH'oilui'ir ti'in|ii'i'atuic. Or, llii' ]iri)i|iii'i'i u-m'iI :.,, Ill' nl' a ili'-iLiii iin-uiti'.l tn till' |iartiriilar I'lU'l. i_M J.aliiHii' |ilil'<'il In lialiillc a-lii'- alnl rrlu-c. i^'ii 'ri'iiiililr ari-ini; I'lniii ttir aiiil vnlatilr inatli'i- in mal ill 'riiHiMi' al'i-illi;' trnlil parkinii nl' tllc I'lU'l linl. illlr tn lii'i'i' I'lH- c\i'i'>-i\'.' Ini'al pnkiiiir, nv ilur u> ihi' part iriilar -i/1' aiiil natiiri' ni i pii'iT- of I'lirl. I nl' cxaiiiplr. with rt'ilaill liyniti'-, wllirli lurak ii)i intn -' i pirrr- nil licatiiij;, nr with ci'i'laiii >izr~ ami kiml- <'i aiil hra'-iti'. trniiMr ; pai-iuni; ina>' easily nrriii'. {.">i l'!!'l'crt III' ilcpth nl' t'ni'l linl nii the wnrkiln; m ili" ]H'oi|urri' i' each rnal, I'U'l- -iirh a< prat will I'ripiirr I'nr rlhrii'lil w irkiliu' a ili'l'' ' fuel Im'iI \i'"\' iiiilVri'iil Irnin that wliirh will L:i\i' unml rrsull.s with a :- .-U'-ii a> liaiil coal. ((>• Tniiililr ari^iiij: fnmi il('|ii)siiii)ii of .soot or latiiphlack. Thi.- iiiai< :t il' ilcpn- ilcil ill ihc proiliiccr, ol'lcu sccins |H':i('ti('all\' iiicoinlni.siihlc, ai , \i';'y 1,'ilii'iilt tn ili'al with. ; . ,' Diiitftiltif.- ;:lir tn iialtrfr alii! atiiiiliul ni ruijihur in coal. '! ■ ii..v'c hcfii occasionally iiiaiiife.sti'il in pfnln ' 'il nm.s with ci^taiii i il :i"i' h'lvc cailscil corrnsioii of iron wiH'k r-\po^ the urii-t ira,-. 71 fS) l.llnt (il inlirlihl liMti-tiiri- 111 r i,;il ,,|| till- aiiiuMIll 'if -tc.ihi IV. |i|| i.-,|. '\\,i- i- \i' • in:irkc.| ill li'^iiiii'-. iii,-iri\' nl \\\iir\\ vu.ik will in ;. |iMi.|iiri i V. iihiiilt imy -ti'uiri -ii|i|p1v at all The iiccuinti' c-liiiiation <<( tlir \aiii.u- iiMli\ i.hial /(■.;/ /„^^,,^■ it, a ^,;,w |ir..,|i|iiM- tf-t i- aUiiM-t iiii|Mi--i|j|i-. a- uili III' -tin nlirii «v i'.i|i-.ii|i|' tlir 'iillicultii- -iiriiiuiuliiii.' till' iiii'a-iirfiiii-n; ni tin- \aiioii- 'luahtitir- mi wIl -h «'a'll c-tiliiatiiiM il<'|M'lli|-, I'dI' till' ulijiiiaiv niiiiliii nial tr-lin.' "I | i|-.i,|;|ici », iir lui- a -i-rir- ul' Ir-I- like tlial limv ri|M ir lii I . iiiliii'li'l a- a li.-i- i.t .iini- |i;iri-'i|i I'l \ al i'lil- ciial-, ~ui|i ilrlaili.j !i--i|ll - all l.'i I uiiali h in.i inn --al ■.-. ■j 111' l"--i'- ill i|iii'-l i'lh may, ImuiM-r. lie in.iiiali'l Ih'Ihu. I'lir iliirt' iii.|ii-i air- l.ii— 1'^ III IHdijllrrr it -I'll'; llaiiialiiili. II 'ai lo-i ill a-li aral ii'l'ii-c wilinjiawii lli-al lii-l in f\ a|Miial iii'j nini-tiiii' in ic.,i|. Ilial value 111 riiiiiliu-lilili' in a-li anM ivlii-i' u il lull a\Mi. Ili'iil \aliii' 111 railiiiii ur -mil i |i'|Mi-itii | in |iii n Inrci- l.o-.-t'- in |)il>ili.ir, \a|Miii/i'r, -ci ulilin-. alHJ L'a- ilraiiin;.' a|i|ia lai u- : • - Kailiatiim. Ileal il-i'il in wai-lniiii; water in -il iililier alnl Ua-liel' alai in »at liral inn i;a- \\il(i ualei vapuur. Ileal V lie III iiiliiliil-lilile i |e| n i-ite, , in \a|Mili/ei ami |ii|iin'^. ilea' value i.l eumhu-t ilile iji-i .1 ,-e,l a In I lairie.l i.lT li\- -I'nilil,..!- alal Ua-liel Waler \mi lirially: - Heat earrieil a".a Id ;;a< liiilijer or eni;ine 'jue l., |i|m|, i|.,|,|„.|;,| m,. ,,r ;.'a~. The heal e\|ienilei| in the Iniiiialiun nl llie iie.e--al\ -team -U|'|il\ Uiiiilil he a |ii>- if the | .1 . i. mier ,li(l mil nelieiale it- null >lealn. The heat \alue el -a- nr rnal eii||e-|iiini|iliL; liilhi | mwer u-e. 1 in , Irixino ua-hiliL;, liliiuini:. "I exhau^tilu; liiarhilieiy -hiiulij, ii| riiiil-e, al-u lie lakeii intn aeciiunl The practical re.-ult- ulilailieil with adUal pniiluce!- -huw that liavitij; re.al'l til all the cial with rei;eiierati\e |ilanl , etc ■_'(!', tnlJO'' When the jiniihicer i. w rked heliiw il> |iri>|iei' ia|iaci'\. the ell'cieiicv I', uf course, a|i|iix'cial)l\ iliiniiu-heil.' 'Very cDiniili'ii. tj-t- nimliT \:iiviMK cmiiiitiiin- i,| (iiit|iiit) ,,u a Mmii! Iiiti iiiI-um;- ■■;il priHliiccr arc ^ivcn liy J'rulc-Mir Menc in the .Iminial nf ilic Iron ami Steel la-t ; itc !'"!., p. 1211, IIMIS, p. 1>0(1. m^n Ill |ll;|rn,i llll- i|i|;|||lll' Vvillill i- III |.:ll:llll'iUh' lllli ll-l In ihr |i l|-lt I- lliil lllr i!!ii II hi '. Ill III- |iliii|'lri'l ;ii.i||i'. lull 'III- ii\i l,ill l-l!|i|il. |iiiUll |.liii| ill lull lliilll iii;ll {i|li< III lll-lln -lllll'l , ;ihii ll||- |- |.i|ll|ll tiii:i-i|ii ■! iMi'ii I ;i-ll' III, 111 llll -I |i,i!,ili I iIhii hi II ■ llll \\liii li II i|i|ii'|hl- I iH ii'Mi \ I "I I \i'i i;i\li s I \i ri \N I 1 1 ii; 1, \- ri;ii|iM I i; 1 1 -I - I \\ MM \\ I " \l - I rmii llll' |iiri'iihir.' |i:il .I'-'i .ilili- II I- I itili' In i.liliih -iiim ii|i :i .,: ilillirilll ir- wlilili li:i\i' liiM h ih' iHilili I. 'i III -'II 11 --|||II\ ii|iil;il 111:' :ih I II' n llll 111 :i I '. ,' - |.l ii'lui 1 I |il:ilil u lull 1 1 -I 111:' - 'iiiii'i - 1 .1 :ill I \ |m - nl I ii:i! Ii"hili' hin\ Uiilki'l I I ilhlhi I rl:ilU III '111' I l.ihiiiiiiili III (':ilhii|:i I lii-i ijiri'i'l- uiili'U 111 I' h.|'ii-il mil, ;ihi| \:iiv in ■ lial:i' !i i limii :i llilr liL.'hili > tiiihiliL' In |K'|' I'l'lil ii' :i-li, .111 |H'i ri'hi ill \iilrili riilnliii^lllili', :ihi| .' "i rt'Iil III liiiil-lu , III ,'ih :ihl luiirili' Ullli i ■» |ii I iihl nl li\ii| nilliiih \J |H'|-i('hl III \iil;ilili' li;illi'i', ,111-1 liM'lh :ih', Im ii-t i||T. S:il"|ili'- I tl'" l'\llrlili' \\i -I III ihr I )' Uhllll'ili ;ill'l ll'illl llli' \|,'i I 1 1 i llll' I 'l 1 1\ I Ihi ' ■ U - lliihi ililrllhi''li:ili' Iri'iiih-. llll I In li' ii ';ili'i|, :ilii| ijilr-liuh- nl ti I' III, -lii|;i',;r, ah'l linh'lliirj liml In li' rnii-n In ,i I III .''iImIIi lull- nl llll' r:i-i' Will, I 111'!. Inl'i', -l|i'li lli;il il U:i- lii'i-- lii ii-r i|U:ihlilii - nhl\ jn-l hii'jr I'lmn'^li in lir i','i|i:ilili nl .i\lli;^ ll;i' li'i|i,! I'l'-llll", :il|il ih -rlllill'j llll' r:i|i;iiil\' n| llll' 1 \|ii'l ilhi'llllll |iliii|l|ri I |il;ihl \\:i- ill'i-iill i| In WniL nil 11 i n 1 1 ; 1 1; , | ; i I 1 \ 1 l\ -||l,'lll -r;ill' l!,'|i'll llll n| I'linl ' In !iiiiil-li -illlirii'lil h';ili'li:il Im r|irhi|i':il \\nlk, Imili i !i'>l^, iilni. in in ril-l «, riilll Wll-llihi; .'llll! inkil:',; li'-l-. ,'i- \\i II ;|- Inl' lliC | ilni | l|l'( ' I' Unlk. I Will kllnUh llllll ii|il'l:il ill',: ilillii'llll Ir- II r ll'-- I Inl ii'ca I ill' ill 11 llll'i;!' tlial. II -lliall |ilii'|iiri'r |ilahl, alul it Ua~ ili-inil, il' |in-~ilili', to Ii'^t till' -iilitaliii iif 1 he VariiiU- ('aliailiali I'lial- Ini ii-r in a |iii uluri'i |ilalil of ii ^i/c tint l»i'\ n till' iii'ii^ III' llll' -iiiall piiui'l' rnh-ilhiri I 111' ili-Iailal inn nf all (•lii;ihi' . |i|n.!i|i ri |il ml ra|i.'ililiiir ',ii\ illL, iill In II) jljl I', u a- , 1 lii'lrrofc, fc-i il\ ri I il|' ain! at ''"' I'lnl nl PMH'i, ,1 III H 1|.|'. Imir ryi'lc liniizi in i al rii;:ili(' ua- iif.li' I'miii till' 'iiiiial t ia^ l!h',;iiii' ( 'n . .M,ihrlii'-I"r, raii;laliii. ti);:rtli('|- uiii -ili't inii |iliiihii I khiiuiia- Nil, 1 , ami t ill' iH'i'r--ar\ -rnililiiTs atnl iirri- 11'-, \ll Ui rr III' -■.iiiilal'il rnliiliii'lrial l\|"', .'ilni 'li'-i',:liril I'lif ii-c witli ahli cilr rna! On ili-: 1 r > . tile iharliiiU'iA' "a~ in-lallrii ill a liuilililii; I'lri ■ till' till |iill|in,-i'-. lit l!:i' ti'-t-, atiil nlilil- Urfi' |il.'irril for till' iras ua-! i;a- ImliliT, I'vliau^liT, .1- ini'lrr. ami nllii'f a|i|iaratii- iri|iiiri'il fur \c Miiti.ircti I 'a I' D.'iil/. ihi' I)i' La X'lTL'ni' Marliinr (''>.. New Vnfk. ami the !'. I), Wnml 1 ni,;]. ,!,.!. ,;,;., V,,,,,, ,,(■ t\. ■...,. ji:.;:- vi.,'!-,, !,!',..,:,!'i'!! 1 ^ "'■•• :•. Ii'liliiti- 111; lakili',; that tlli'ir |ilniliiri'r> umilil liainilr ;ill tlii' rnals m lir ili .,it willi ilu! t'u' ti"-I-, altlliiilLili -I'Vclal uri'r rra'U' In ;;iial:iiili'r -iii'i'i--- willi liiiliit 7! ••ill- ■ ■.|ci|i:ih' 'IimI h.iiniil .il^iMi lm:ill\ i,ll(i..| !.. l.iuM ;ili i\|ir!i rill lit. il |.iM.|iiiii \.i .': nhiih w.i- lu lie ai'njiti.l ii n mit Mn- li •! ■i'lill-llii III- I III- |.i.m|iii,.| W .1-, tlii'll |'..|V. hllllt ;ih.| tlli-,1 Ml \\:, ',. I'Mi; ■Aitli I liri.illajilr; hut In. I r, .In | .li ti | \ -il I i-t':i( 1 . .1 \ i, ..|lf. t|-.,i||,l, \„\u: I M»liiliii'.| lliilii t;il 'I In- ImiMil- tliili :iliii..'iiiri ,| l|i:,t )|,t .. uiii i|li;il.li. ■ . ^|.>'ll'l :.■ \ III. Ill- li|..|ii\ ill 1 \(ii I iiiii iilil \\..tk .'ilhi i' «,•- 111 n .-nl\ t.i ' 1 1" |.|..'|i|i'il I iiliv. :i 1 ..liiliiuiiHiil |..|| W.I- Il iri\r,| |'i,,iii :i (•iiin.li;,!, iiriii, -liililr; 111: I llii\ ui ir |.ii|.:,i..| |.. Inni-li ;i lli.l ||,|', .i;rii'.,ii |.1|,|,| '.. iii.lhllr ;ili,\ Llll.lr •.( i..:J. tin- | >l . .. 1 1 |i r I 1 - I .■ I.ll.il l,\- .fiijiu- I'ii.t-.ii ,.l' I" Hill. < iI'lllKlllV \ltlliil|..'ll till- «..l||.| ||;,\, ||i\,.K,.| «., il.il .-1 l:,I-..,|- ■,lll tllllll \-,.l- ihll Ihll .1. ll I |, ,|....ili.,|| U;,. l-..||-i.|i I, ,| 1,||| III I , l,|||;i!-\-_ l'Mi>, :i|ii-r iiiiii-h I ..I ii--|.. .ii,|i-ii.-i- .III. I i|i,|iiii-\ . ill,. I'ihi-ili ( '. .iii|.;ii.\ II I'li-i .! to ;ju:il:ilili r li-iilt- iihli -, tlii-\ li,i.| n lai-^i- -iii.,|.|i- ..| i .i, h km,! ,,; i..;,! • I. li'-rl. .1 111 llll-lll ill Hi liill. -.. tll.'il till- |,|.t.|uri I 1 1,1 111 |„. -1.1 .-illlK .Ir-ivlil-.j I I wa- i.li\ i..ii-l\ iiii|.i.--ilili' to I ,,11, |, I v\ il II I hi- II .|iiii, III, 111 111 til.' liii-.-ilitlli,.-. luitlii, t ..irr-lii.li.li-iii I- ua-i i-iillii-.l .III willi nUiiii \iii'lii..li 1 .itii|i:iliii -, \\\in i-l:iiuii.| t.i liiivi- liii-ii iiiaLiii'j all. I \\..lkiii_ uilli Miri-i--- -Itiall liililliiiliiiu- |i|.m|ih I-,-, I, ill ili\i -li-:ili..|i \\a- ..li..ui.| li\ ii.i i|-i-|iil fi'-i|lt . a- t III- riaiiii- mailc ui n- ii. n.i i-.i-i. .-iili-laiii iati, | \t till- |ii''.:illllil|-_' ..I I'.HIS. it -i-i liir.l ilii|..,--il,|i I., .il.laiii I'liilii I'n rr- -|i. iti-ilili- liilil.li-r a -liiall |il. iililn I whirl 1 ui.iil.l li,. ra|,:il,|i ,i|' i|, ;,li|i-.; will, :i|| till- liiniliiili.iil- rnal- liki-ly 111 111- -uliliiillcl I..1- li--t. lull ii \\ii- hi,, -.i, thai il iiiiiiilicr 111' i-\|ii-iiini-iil(-r- ui-iv al wmk mi tin- |ii..lili m .-iii.l that -m ii---i'ii| .li-\i-l..|iiiii-l"- ui-rr lil.i-iy -null til tahi- plai-i-. In thi-i- riii-iiiii-tiin.-i-- ■' ■■■ U -|ii'ritii'ati.i|i I'lif a -,11, all liil iiliiiiiuil- |ii-.).|iiri |- Uii- .jlaUli i||i -i.l -iiit iiwl I.I a iiiiiiilH-r ill' li-ii.liir.: 111:111111:111 uivi-. A- :i i-i--iili. I'u | i-liniii 1 \-. Itii.s, il Caiiiiiliali tiilii iiiiiji-iliiiik till- r.iii-l iiirii.iii 111' :i III || |' ]irii.|iii-i-r w hii-h u.iillij -U''i-i->-fully liamlli' liit illiiiii.iii- rnal- nl' n-iliiin -|ii-rilii-, 1 -jiliiili--, liny ai:iV(-iiiLr tu .sii;i|i|\- ami i-ri-.-i tin- |ii. ..jiircr in Mmii ■-,-:, I :in,| 1., ri-iii,,vi. till- |il:int :it tlicii- invii i-\|ifii-i' if thi- n--Mlt-i wi-iv iml in ai-i-nr, l:inr,- \-,it|| thi'ir i;ilai:iiiliT. Thi- |irniliirrr I .\ii. ;ii was sill unit 1 I-I 1 i., a -.i-i-i,-- nf |i->i- i-\li ii.lini; .i\- : till- |i:-li.i.l I'lolii .Flllic lo Sc|itc|iil)t-r IIMI^. .\lti-l:itiiiiis w,.|-,. iiiiiiji. f|-. Uiiii- tn time with a view i.i iiliviai iim tin- vavimi- limilili-- (■» iiciii-n. i-il with i'li'ir lias, till', ilii-l. iiml -mil: I'll! altl uli ilraliiii; with a non-rakiii'j; ccial .iititailiill'j, iiiily a lii.i.l(-i:ili' ;im()iiiit ui' vnlatilr iiiattc-r ainl low ill iisli, it \v;i- I". Mini .ini)i)>.-ilT!(. I 1 iii.ilcrlnkc (■iiiiliimniis rumiiii:; with this ]>roiliii-rr, iiinl till' Jtpliariil us w.is finally niiiovi-il fnun I In- labnratiifN . 'I'lic time s|iciit in cxiicriiiaiitiim with ami tryiir.; |ifii.|iir,-r X.i. :; w:is thu.- Wiistcil, as tar as the |)-i.-criiti(m nf the .-ftics of ti-t- mi (';-li:iili;ili i-uals W'a- (•(inciTiicil; tilt' ixii.iil was, liov.-i-\i-r, titilizctl a- f. r as |)iis.--ili||. in i;i-ttin 'il'' n-inaiiiilcr df the plant into tlim-mi.iih runnin;; milcr ('liat!;;i-s wi-rc m:Hlf in the yas washer, iiiipfoviii'.; it- pcrfm'inanr,- .m.l n-lialiility. llie iiipi- -ii-!-;;;;;;..!;^;.;.-! ;vaS 1 1 II )i I i i :: -t ! , l!::- liH-iri' : \: illn lii ! i ! )! ,iT . . i . ali.j ,1 Si-ri ^ "t ti--ts run with the sucliun pnnlmi r on anthracite and eoke tu arcustom the staff to test rnmlitiuas. ami to make sur.- ihat a ^ioou working' aiTaie".'- Wmmmmm in,' ■■••!-••.*;■ jsnt-'-M'MiS r.ii- l^^^^t -r-i^' • 1 -ililTt^' Ji'-I 1 •"!.■ Iiifiit Ii;m1 liccn ili-t:illcil. 'I'lic ;i|iii:il;ilu.> fur ,l:u- :ilKil\>i> iilul (^aloriliiii u;i- al-ii litli'il up .-111(1 a.ljii-tcil. Diiiiii: i1m' ''iiiii |ici'ii"l i>t (■(inT~|i(iiiilrnrf ami iiii|uii . it liail hcccn (■\ii|rlii thai nil liuiMi'l' ruillil lie t'oiiiiil who wa- aMi' to i;Uai alitcc tlic >al farlorv (.|ici-at inn nl' ~u >iiiall a |iii jilurri witli hit uiiiiiious coal. altlHUi M'Mfal woiiKi lia\r niidi'ltakcii the la-k il' a plalit of lai'i-cr cap.ai-itx- coii liavc licrii iii^tallr.l. Careful .-tuilv of till' vai-ioii- ilc-iiilr- siiliiiiit tc(l, l,,, cvi'i-, -fcinc'l lo indii-atc t litit it woulil lie pos-ililc to ili',~ii;ii a >iiii|ilc |ir(ji|ii' iiiori' >uitiil for tlic special lailniitioi;- ol this i .!-(■ than allV' of tiio-c olTcri , In .lanuarv. llMIs, it wa- felt that a proilucri' of thi' ilo\vii-(lraft \vatci'--i ;! t\pr -iiouhl lie trii'il lin -pitc of the low cllirii'licy to lie cVlKM-tcil with >oi . coal- with a proilucci' of this kiinli. ina.-iniich a- this t\p(' of |>ro(liicci' i- i oiih' oil" which can he workcil wilh an o|>cn top anil which afford- coniph ■ fai'ililx I'or |iokinu' and thus dcaliin; .-at i-laiiorily with cakint; coal-. Suih pioduii r (Sn. \) was ai"-ordinL:l>' dc-iL;ncd liy I'mfc— or Durlcy.' It u - oitlcivil oh Mtilch I'd. I'.MIs was huilt ill .Nh )nl I'cal. and dclixcivd and ciii!. : within !i\c week'-. .Satisfactory picliiuiiiary trial- wcir made in .May. puis aid after ,-oliie clela\' caused hy lh(> unsilcce--ful e\periiiieiital Work on p: ducer Xo. :>. four s;it i-factory runs, eadi of i went \-fonr hours duraii. ■ weri' made with producer No. I on two purchased samp'- of liitumiiin .- coal, of w hich one contained .'Iti pi-r cent of Volatile matter and II per cent -■; Duriin: these trials liood ;;as w;is made, the eiuiine carried it- load wi : and continuously, and the >cnihhini; atid washilez appalalu- dealt -.at i-fado- 1\- with the comparatively -mall amounts of tar and dusl which left li' producer. In order to avoid further delay, il wa-. therefore, decided to i .!. the ollicial coal tests on jnoducer- Xos. 1 and 1, the former heiiii; n-ed nr for anthracit(> and the latter fiu' all other fuels. It may here he said ih . No. I producer Was found to work satisl'.aclorily with all of the coals tcsti:, allhouiih its elllcieiicy wa> lower with caking coals than with imn-caki' : coals ou a( unt of the coiisideiahle proportion of mihnrnt fuel which pas- ■ thriunzh the water— eal when continual pokin;: had lo lie reMirted to. lathe case of t he ant hracite samples, it w.as. of course. advaiitaLieou- ' ■ he ahle to run le^ts on a suction produciu' ol standanl desiL;ii in luder to ti -• the suitahility of these coals for use with an apparatus of this type. Uuihiiii'l. — III older to accominodale tlie iias jiidducer and engine eipu; - inellt, a linht and well \-entilated huiKlili.n 7') feet X 1^ feet wa.- erectc;. ha\'inir I<) feel clear head room and provided wilh a hand crane of '.'.noo |iounds capacity. The producers W(U'e installed at the west end. and ! eniiiue. liiis holder, and auxiliaries wt-re arranp'd so as to lea\e the neccs-;!! room for access and attendance. 'I'iie liuildiiiL' had a -led frame, w : ', walls of twii thicknes-es of wire laih coated witii cement plasier. The i' was of the Usual Wood. T.ar. and ;;ra\ el const met ion. and t he lloor of cenn ' ' Drauiiiu'- ail. I a .Ic-crlptinTi nf thi- |iro.lurcr -.n;- L'iM-ii lali i , -. .• |i, .111.1 I iL'. I"i. I'lal.- \l,\ ; 1 I'miliiii i.<. 'I'lir lilinl i'i|ui|iiiiclil >>i llic phiiil lliu- iiirlu.lr.i Iwu |p|-()- Mi'iT.-^: itl) ;i ~lliiiipii )il(iili|ccr 111' the l)ii\\-u|i I\|ii'. liuill li\ ihc N:iti.ili;il I .:i- r]n^ilir Cii., Malii'lli'-li r, IjiLihilnl. Iiriv ivlciicd In ;i- \n. 1 . :iii.| -iiit;il)lc f>i|- hiiniilii: ;ilil lirai-ilr ni- r.i|;c; ainl ; // . a i|n\\ ii-.|iali u atri^-ialril |i|im1iicci .:.-iuii('il Ijv I'riii'i --or |)iiilcy. Imilt n. iii- .liau iiil;- 1'\- Alrxainli'i- MrKay .,1 MdiillVal, and kliuvwi a- \ci. 1. Tlir-c |ir( m lui-cl ^ air ~1miuii in I'i',;- II aii.i l"i, alai Mii'ir iraililr,: ■linii-ii-ii pii- aiv a- Inliuu- : X... I. \n. I, iliamrlcl' lit' ]i|-ciiliiciT >lii-ll _'''7' -V-l" lii-idc (iiami'Icr n|' l)iiik liiiint; . l'' ill" _' -n" A'Va I'l' fuel li.''l. _'•:; -'|, I'l. I |. 11. l!'lriivc llia\ilMliln |i(i--ilili- i|r|.t|i cf I'lirl Im'.I _'■-:;•• V-li" Willi cMrl.-i. HI I'-u" w ii liMin r!iii'kni'-> III' lii-c liiii k Imiiii;. . I i\i rail lii'lulil 1.'' |ii'i)i|iiri-i' liiijii lliiiir Til liii;lir-l |iiiilil . . . ^ -"< \|, II h i-\li li-|ii|i 7'-_'" w ii l.iiin I" N-ii" ■ 2'-ul" l-!i-' -i|. 11. s'-ll" ■ ■_>'-(! '" I)i:i!nc1i-]' 111' ua- nul li'l jiipi'. . . "i" III iL:lil ami iliaini'icr nl' wi'i -riiililicr . s'-o" _''-|n" \vi a 111' i'rii-~ >cci lull lit' ui'i -iTiililifr. .'m'. I -(|, ii . Ilili;lil ami iliainctcr 111' ilry ,-i riililii'i- . I'lir -llrtidi- |iriiihii'iT i\ii. r.alnl il- \a| n ill/ ili^ a| i] i,a ral U- ,a~ ^Imwii ill 'li'i.ail ill rill. I I. i- rallirr ilirtcrint in ilr-iLin I'l'mn t lir i.'- |'i'- -linw n in Ii'.-, dVaial 10. itcrrniiiL' I" I'Il!. 1 1 , 1 !ii' furl liuj ■) n-f H. m'ati'. .and |.ri i.iiiiaa- liniiii: a!v -iiiiirwhal >iniilai' In tliu-r aliv.aily illii-t I'atril, wliilr tin- wri -irul ilirr S niVM'iil- mi >]i,a'ial l'iaa1niv~. 'I'lic nrri'--arv alnuilii' uf waicr fur iIm' >lrani -iipply i- ilnippial intn a niKr liaiiliiiL: t.. tlir luillnni lit' a lii-atiii'.:- |ii|ir P liaNllii: lili> nil il- iiillcr rilMarr. wllii'll i.-' cxiin-i-il in a runvnt nl' warm '.^a- Ira'liiiL; tii the M'lMiliI icr. Tlic upper part ct' the pri Mlurcr tnriii- ilir \apiiri/i-r piiiprr v.aiiil till' lint Water t'rntn P trirklcs ilnwn t'rniii a rirrnlar trnii-li ii'.rr rill- pa-i wliicli the air I'miii tin- inlet i- al-n jeil. Tlie air enieriiiL; ilie prmiilrer i-; tlllis ileal ml. ami tlie w.ater eVapnratcil li\' the heat t'rnlii 'lie ;;a-e- ari-ini: frnm llie t'uel licil. 'I'he-e are inaile tn pa--^ rnuinl the fuel Impper alal iii>i'!e the vapnrizer ea>tini: on their Wa\- in the i;a- nutlet. .\ir inr -lai'liii- i- -iipplieil liy a liaial fan: when iiiiiniiiL:. the fan -uetinn i- rin-i i| a' I till air rei;iilat(al liy an ail.jil-talile inlet tem. '1 he wa.-te |iipe W is ii])eneil td the at iiin-phiie while -larliin: up, ainl the (•(iinliuslilile iiuality nf the L;as iriml at the n -t pipe T. liie rnke ill I he >criililier i~ riuppnrleil liy the Liratiim G ainl ' 11 scnililier water runs off thrnii'.;li a water scaleil jiipc Q. The ijiiwu-draft prmlurer i .\n. li i- illu<1rateil in I'i;:. I."i. in which I he Wet nr fiike M-ruhlier and eniinexiiins are mil, .^linwn, a.-, they were ni ihe -anil I onstrui'tinli a- fur prniliicer Xo. 1. .Vo x'apnri/.er wa- used willi .\ii. I prndiii'er, iinr Wa- any prn\i>inu made for preheatiii'^ the air -iipplv. Il wa- fi'll llial uilli xpinc (if ihc ciials Icstcil troiildc fi'oiii tar was alinust ccn t(i aii-c ill a \ a|Miii/,ci- (if ihc liiiiils ^liown Ml I 'ius. .'S!! . ir I I, uli'l nwiim' to i - la;i' ilalf al whicli priMluccr \u. I was availaMc. it \va- iiii|jij--il)ii' to 111 a \ ajioii/n-, ciilici' of coiitNl ]ii|ii' ciiihcilili'il in the hrirkwork. (jr of the wa^ jacket t\|ii', -ucli as lias Im'cii foiiiiil suct'i'^sfiil in Mtiiniilioiis |j|(ii1ui'ci- well known makes. It was also liesireij to obtain a mea~ui'i'nienl i>f !,■ >teain u,-eil in each lest; for lhe-e and othei' |-ca-on> tlie -leaiii >ii|i|ih- w - taken fi'oin a .-ejiatate hoilef anil leij into the top of ilie )iloihii-el' liv a ip . jiipe just helow tiie to]) ]ihite, tiie amount suppiieil lieinii e-timateil fi. :, lir.'S-ui'e readin.ys on the two .-ide-- of a caiiliiated orilice placeil in tlie >te:i:), main. A separate additional rinn of plate. to'.:etlier with the ne(•e^.~al■^• fiicliiicks for lininir, was |ii'ovided and could he ]ilaced on top of the pi >- illK-er, so that the depth of the fuel heil could he iiicrea>eil if found liece>>a: .'. All the coals ti -teil were, however, iiseil .-iiccessfiilly without haviiu; I'ecou'-i' to this additional >ection. 'I'iie lireluick linini;- of the lU'oilucer was caiiii ^1 on a ca-t iron hottoiu plate and wa- sep.aiated from the r-hell hy ahout I" of asliesto-^ ]iackini:. and the shell and linini; turl)iiiu any jiipe joint-. The fuel in the producer rested oi. u heap of a^h ai -uiid which -ullicieiit sjir- ■ wa- left to permit the exit of the gases; the direct d.raft to the outlet ]>ipe was screened by a lirebrick balilc B. supported by brick ami iron and jirotected by its position from daina'.ic b\' pokiii;;. The burnt fuel was held up 1)\' a rockinu urate G at the bottom of a tirebrick slope, the i;rate haviiu; coolinu |udm;s di])pim; down into the water-seal W. The ' necess.iry before starting the engine, the small fan or the exhau.ster being used for tliis purpo.-e, aral the gas diseharged to tli(> atiuosjihere. ^^■ith iil ot Mii-li:iiii',il Ijiirim niiii \ir(;iii riii\(r.it\ . i '■ "' llMhc'ilnr cMiincNi,,,,, :i,„| „i,|, „„..,,,. i,,,. „,.i,_,|,i||„ ,|„, ;.,,.|^,,, ,,,„,||,|„ » : . r uli.'M iv.|iiin.,|, Si;,,iin, ua- ,iU;U,i \,y |„in,|,iM- ii|, ih'r r, ,M,|„,...i. .n -I .r uilh .Nl.lo-iv,. miMlliv :,„.! JL^liiliirj ll,i. rh.-il-,. u Ihi, ||„. ,.,,,,,k u-,- I''""' ■' ''"''' I'-'-' ''"• 'l'--"l '■'■"'IT I.M.I il,,. i.i-lnn u;,~ ,„, .1.,. ,-,|,ln.i.m ■'■"';■'■ '''"■ -"^'■'■""i' "■■'- "I llir liil .'.ii-i mi-.- IV|M.. iv^iilalln.j -|H.,.|1,. niMilii; I Mil ill.' L';(- cliari;!. I'lil iiviv \\ hen ii, ;,,i i, .n, '■"- II'''''"- A ^■■■1- ii"l'l.^ -I MM) .ul.ir Ir.'l r:,|,:,,ilv ua- piMvi.!,.! |i ■'^ ^- ''■^"•'■'' -" •'- '" -''^'' ■' I'N-u:. .,1 al.nill ;;;.■• ,.l ual,-l-. an.l ua- '"^-""'■"■'' "' '^"- '" -I'"-' -"■'■I. •inn.r,! uiil, alijr- a- lr,|,iin.,| \„ ' ■'■'i"'l"l"' ''"'"■ •'"""-I'll"'" wa- an., ul;c.| -.ihai ti„ vWuv, ,.| t|„ -ja- l,,.!,],.,- I'-' -'l-v.' a iTMain |M,ini aui..inal h-allv o,„.,„.,| a ivllcf \aK,-. |„ ,1,,- uav :. -uJ.Ini MM|,|,ai;c ,,l rl„. vu■A^n■. .,i' nniAi ,rri,., I , iim in ill „ .ii in ii- ,ai.. Ml ..'.,- "■"-'""I"'""' "•■'■■' "■■' '-^'"-'^ ■'"v ii,i,iT.i|.ii,,n ,,1 ,|„. u,„|,i I ,!,.■ ,,r..,|'„''r "" ■'■■■'■'"'- ''"■-'- i'"l'i''l-'li.' -I- !.a--r,| ,|ir,.,, ,,, ,i.r -urli,,,, ,,, ii„ ,,,.i,„. '■ "'" '"■ '■'■•"'"'.^ "'"I"'-' I 'III'' 'li'' II- -I ll„. ,a- |„,|,|ri' ua- I,,..-,- -a :\ 1„ .:ii -a-r- uhnv 111,. ,a- l.a.j '., I.. inHn,., |. alal ii uav i„.l,.,.,|. ,,-, ,| i„ ,||',|„. "''"■'■'' "■'■''-■ -'I'li'^ii-li ill -I'V.Ta! ra-r- it u,,,,l,| l,ax,. 1, ., „ ,|,|i,,. i,..,,i|,|,. ,,, "'"'^ ""'' ''"■ -"■■"":' "1 ''"■ •■"-ill- "lll.\ UIiIm.UI li„. rsl,a.l-|.T, l,a,! ii „..l '"■I li l"l' '111' nrc|.--ily .if liira-illili.^ I lii. .^a- l-:.:h,n,sl,r. (,a- ua- u il lairau li In. in ll,,. |.|-.„|i„.,.m I,,, ,,i^|, ,|„. -niil.!,,.!-- ■i .a- wa.li.T l.y n.^an- ,.| a Sii,M,.vaiil .a- ,.xl,au-l,., ,a ina.-liin,. ,,| ,|„. '■■■"" '''""■'■'■ '.^'l''^'- •■'"■I "••'- .l..li\rlr,l ll.ruli,!, i|„. ,.„.i,.|. 1,, i|„. |„,|,|,,,. •'■■' '■^''^'"-''■'' ■■'•i|l'il-.-l linir ath.„li,.n l...v,„al . ....a-i. ,nal Inl .rira ; i, ,n uill,' '■"III "ll. It ua- ,,mvi,|,.,| „i,|, ;, l,,-,,a-. an.l i,.|i..i vaU,. .■.„„, ,•,,„.. ii- ''"'■''^"■-" ^""' ^'"■"""' -" '1'^" 'I"' ■■"ii"iiii' "! -II- .a.'.ualh- .|,.|iv,.n.,| ,,, , I'"''!''' .'..ill. I l.c |.a-il\' a.ljil-li.,|. ., ''■■■'''''"■■ Til.' I. Id. 'I UM..|ua-a \... ••." \\.-lln:;l„,n-,. ,,Ml„. Man.l.,i',l "'' "■■'''■'' '.'T''- '' "■'- '■iilil'i^ii'.'.l li.'ri...hVallv- 1.^ il„. ai.l ,.1 tl„. .,a- li.,l,|,.|' ""' '■'■"■ ^•" '>'•"■""■> x'l^^ !'■'■: i'~ lalc.l . a|.a.'iu ua- -..".no .-nM,. |,.,.| |„.,. l„,ur' '..,. \\„~h,r. \ .a- ua-li,.| hiini-l„.,| l,v ili,. \ali,.nal Ca- l'-|,..iiH. (',, wa-,,la.',.,ll„.,w,...|,,l„.,.,.l..,.-,.n,l,l„.,.ai,.lll„.,.xl,ai,-„.,. ( '..n-i, !,.|al.i,. I n ,„l.lo "II- .■XIK'IH'IH'.'.I at lli'.-l will, |l,i- Mia.'Inn.'. tlir -|,all al„l iM.aiim- \,v\w t,,., , ''-'"."■'■ ''•"■'' ^•■'■^"•" '-""I '!"■ I'lil.-ii"^'' 'N'li'.'iv, It- ,.„n-i,,i,.,i„n i- -h„„„ I '" ';- ''■ ""■ -'^ ""''^ P^'-"l li"iii ''"'i '"''III ..la .'vliiM.M.'al ,a-iin. in "t:" 1. L.tatcl a li..n/,,„tal ^liall litlr.l with l,i, i',.v,,lvin. |,latcs ..f v hirl, |,v,. "' " I" lima'. '.1. Stali.,iiary plat,- l.M -. .ni',,! 1,, ,1,.. ,.asinn- -,.|,a , al,..| th.. -'-■■--iv.. pan- „t n.iatin^ plat,.- (M an.l C. ami wal..,- wa- a.lmitl..,! .., ''" '"!'■' '■i"l "I 'III' '-.'i-inu. Th.. tally .,v..rll.,w wat.T ...-,.ap..,l tlir.,,,..!, i' ... ■"''^" 1"]"- at tl,.. lM,tt„m ..f ll,.. ,.asi„. an.l pa.-s...| int., a w i.,; i,,,„..|i '-"'I uiili liafH..-. m whirl, prac'ih-ally all „f th.- tar wa-l„,| ,,ui |,^ ,l„. ■ih'i.iii'ii- uas .'.,11..,.,,, I. A siniilar tar 1m,x ,|,.alt with il„. ,an. uat..,' i,,,m 1 '■'■ .'..k.. .-.'iLlilicr, ':i:\i:i(Ai. AiiiiAN.,i:M|.:\r ,,|- it.wi \\i, a. , i>- ,,ii, ,,-, A- will l„. „.,.„ |-,.,„„ ,1,,. i;,.,„.|'al aii'anu..m,.M ,,i ,h,. i„-lallaii,,n a< -la.un |>. Ml:. l\th.. pipiML;-y-„.„: wa->.,lai,l.,nt ihat I h.' i;a- ...uM h.. taki-iicit h,..' : '--" TUil I js«afan r*-^r«V - I;M I'liilll I hi' -mi ii.li lil.i.inrrl Ad Ii lllliill'^li it - ciiLl' -n lllilirl ililvi I I riiulnc; ''»' iVnin Nd. I |i|V"|iiri-i' t lui mivIi ihr -niililin -. l;:i- \\:i-lir Ii;iil-lci hiiicl , ;iIhI 11:1- lidMi'i- 111 I lie clrjilir nl' :i 1 liii i-| ilictr ; "■, I1..111 I In . I h 111 I ihiil'ircr i \i. I ! 1 111. 111'.: 1 1 it- nikr -liuM.ri (|i|ci-l |ci t lie cliuilli' , ll.iMi \ii I |p| ... lunr ! Iiii MIL'!! till' -liiililici -. i;:i- \\ ;i-liii-, i'\|i;iii.|ci I ;ili.| -;i~ li.ihli'i I.I llii- ell'.;!!!!- Hi' :i I 1 1 p I- 1 1| 11 iv , rrnsi-iuli \\:i- ;il-ii li t lir |ii|H' liln - I III' li\ -!i:i--iliLj :ili\ III 1 III- >r 111 111 Hi-, ill" i;,-|- \v ;i-lirr. I lir ' I li,- -:,~ liiij.ji'l-. Ill I he i'\li;ii|-l' r S( i i:i I :i I ■ i l( tI 1 if liinlnl- w r 1 1 ■ |i!ii',, lln- ■.;;!- w,i-liii' Mi'l I'll ill.' I' \li:iii-lcl' :i llillij nrill liii.'.'!' :ili.| l■^l' I'.'ili \s. ;,' II -1,1 !i,r -liiri ill'.; M|i \i.. I |il'iiih|r, I' 111 I III' lii:ililii-r :ill.';i.|'. |.- ' ( l|, liiniii- I'ilhi-I' |iMi.!iii'i I , ilii- '.:i- \\;i- !il-i i'.'i--'ii lliri.il-l -rnilili I . I lir.iiiLili \» liii'li :i -i i. iilu nl u .'ilcr w :■- . 1 1 1|.| .iir.' . 1 lii- \\;i'' ' 1 III I, ,1 11\ ii'. '.I 'II : I'll lili'.: I "IN ill u hill I :i- liiiii'li ;i- iii.--ililr i.l I hr 1 :: ! • nil u,:- •■'.II. .'i.'.K I III' -J.-i- !i' II p:i--('i| iliniii'.li llir u.i-h.-l. Allr) ! ill,. \\;i-|i, 1. liii' -;i- riiiili! I..- |.,-i--i'.l it' nil'. --;iM iliri.iii'li :i -:i\\i|u-i -' .:i ri r| :iii'jiihir ■! ri I".-. | .n i\ li li 1 1 wiili il:i\- :ili'l jiiii'Li'il willi -:i' ( )|l lr;i'. ill',' I hi-. I hi' 'Jll- i-lllrrcil 1 III' I ' \ ill 1 11- 1 1 ' I' :i II i I Wl'lll 1 hlnllLjh ,-1 ill '- |,i-r lillnl W ilh i'\.'rl-i..r, i' W ;i- I 111 'II .|l'ii\rri'i| li. till' IMi'li ! ,'|i|.| 1 hi ill-. ■ . ■ 1 III- l:;i- h.il.liT III" •;;i- ln:iili \\:i- 1" .li:i liirlrl' I hi. .i lull, nil . Il will III' ii.iti'il ihiil uhrii Wiii'l.ilii; wilh i In- i'\lKii|-li'r. lln- |ii.' w.-l -.'Mil.lirr. 'j;.- u:i-hiT. :ili.l -:i\m|ii-1 -i lulil.ri w. iv Uli.|iT :i | .M'--ii iv - II--- ih.-iii ill ihii-phi'l il', ihr i('iii:iiii.|i-l nf ihr :i | .| i;i 1 :. I U- hril '2 Ulnli-I' n • plrliil Ml. Till' wlli.li' -y-ll ni U,-l- |ilii\ iiinl \Ulh W ;|li l --r.-ll ImM- :il illlrlA: ;ili-;ili'-;t'.l ;i- In :ni :i- t :i l .Irip- :ilii| ;il-.i :i ■ -iilcl v \ :il\r- il: 1 iir .'M-r nl ;ili . Ill ].ri--iliv ill .-i!:' |.i.lli.ili .i| ihr ..;:i- |.i|.ili'.:, ( ■|i"ili il;'. ilnnl- ,'ili.| i-dIiIh- li.r |il'i---iilr Li;i -.u.-i- -aliiplil.!' |ii|.c'-, iiln! 1 hi III mil:, li 1- Wiiv til tc! w I.. iii'.'i'--:iry. I'iv--iiiv Liiiili;!'- nil ihi- i;;i- pi|.ilii; w. iv ..I ihr i.r.liii.'ii'X U iiiln frailili^ ill ill. 'Ill- .il' Walrl'. nli.l wi-n- a 11 a li'jr. I -. . liial ihr lii--r- ul p ■ riiulil lir irarril ahiiu I lir \\li..ir -y-lriii, all'l all\" . .1 i-l ni.'l i. .11 r.iulil ' liiralrii. 'I'hr ":i- -aliiplr- I'ni' anal\'-i- ami ralnriiin'tri- . Irlrliiiiiiat i. m- wrr. fl'.ilii a -aliipliliL^ pipr riililiriinl In ihr l"i:.'i- liiaili jil-1 ntlii' Ir ilr\- -nulilirl-, ami :i '■ -t llalilr pipr w a- .-lU. i pr. .\ i.ln 1. I lir ^a- \\a-. ■ ';.:■ aiiaK -r.l altrr pa--ini; I hf. iiL;!i t hr wit .-rnililirr. ua- \\a-li(i\ -a\MlM-i -.• iwhrii ihi- wa- il.-r.h. ainl (ll\ -rriililirf. 'I'hr .ja- ral'.iiiiirii 1 wa^ nllhr l'>iiv,-' ]iallrMi. :i- i|r-(iil)cil in 1'; 111 I hi - \nillllir, 'I'hr caliiiiiiirtir a- ^ nr.\l to il.- iia- nirtrr M. * 'n the Irt'l i.- tlic L;a- L;..\r ■ w hirli niaintain- a -traiiy anii iinil'nrni ll.iw nt' Lias to tlir iiirtii'. 'I'lir >i- appaiani> ami niii Ik "Is aic ilr-i rilir.i in I 'art I .\ VI illini:'. 'I:. I JO h-.4^. .,..n.r.h,^,«.,,u.nt of ex,x.nm.at..l ,,ro( t (ii Ml 11 ■ ' M ,.|, I ■ I " l'-i"iii''i'i licli.-iiiica! Ijiniii, ,111.1;. .>li' 111! I iii\|.|-ii \ , I ailllilllk- -l:lll'l ll'l -• .ill-- V\l II- i|-li| I. • 1 l>\ till- -I (iiIiIm r» ,iIm1 i;:i- w.i-ln \M'i::hiirj w iiir 'I « ,1- rill III! I'l;i!. I. l-'ikt', yii- ImMcr I ill- \ \i\\ Itiiiii tl -•III he -iirl mil lii'«< till- ihli'tinr III tl :ill'l ill \ -1 iiiIiIm-i tl "■ |'l'"|l|il-| liiill^i- tvitli I II- i-li-jllir II- \ ii-u Ih iiil; laki-li liiitn || II- i-;i-l III »■ \M--l i-iiil 1. vi\,.f) III |'l:ii. I.I In tl ■I P, «llll il- -l;ill |,..| f ;,|„| >l- |ili'-l..;;i.il.li uili U • V |i:i". II •;HMillM -i-nilil,, I S l|„- ,-N|iai|-l,.i E uilli I. ■ 'li^ -■ i-iIiIm 1 D .111.1 till -.; ,. lui-h-i M ^"1 'I - "I ' "\l'l I ll\'. II -I- Wli \I\KIM. M ^M'l -niililii-i W ><■ ::;i- Iim|,|,., G I I II. \M> ' Ml M \ I h p\« I 1 ,|t , ,\| I III \| I \-l l;l Ml \ I- .M.H M I'l \\ . .1 -\- ill till' l-;i^l- n| ill,' I il Ml. Ui ill- llllt.lilllil lliil 'I'lli-l Ilia I llllllMII- llll- - l|-|>l,|tC,| III I';, ft \ II III,. ,,|,j,,, , llMMi.llr n|. .-,,|,| ,| II- ii-illliillllc iK n. \Ml|iiii- -aiu|ilr- nt C.u iiKliali lui'l; liir tj II- |iU|-|iii-f ■tiuililh liial.-iial «a- aVailahli- t.,|- i,i„- ,,i„ vm,|, ,.,„.|, ,,,,,,| |,„.|,|,| a ri-a«iiiial>li' |iri-litniiiai\ |h-iiiii| t,,i aii.ii|-l in- tl l.ri;iiiliilii; 111 til,. t,-,t In I, II,. ,,|. |„,, ,. I.. Iiiakr I.iiim-r 1,-1- ,„ |-,.|„...,t t,.Mv .-mil II,,-,- ..,-,. ijiiK |-,.,-,„,|, II- vvuikllli: ri>lii|itiii|i« at t III :l-t--. lll,«l'M-|-, il v\,-|, |,,i|||,| |„,-m|i|i I liiiii-i- i-,,iii|,|,.||. inh.iiiiatiiiii a- 111 til,- i-liat-ai-t li II lia\f Im-cii i|,'»iral il'li' III liiaki' ii-ti-n-tii-> of i-ai'li c-,.al. Il lilrl, liiit the f\iM'liv- ami I a -i-lii.- Ill Ilirc,. ,,|- Il iiiii- invi.lvi-il ii'inliTfil «ii,|, iiir 1I--I-. with 1'^- i|iii liii-a-iiii tl- ni.|"."ililr. Till' Iriiuth nf ,-iintilii|i,i|, nm n,-i-|.-«afv til nl.taiii a -liwi- mi , "I i"|||'-<'al.'oiiMiin,,iii,ii ill ... ^a^|.ii..lii,-.-M,.st'imiil,.ri„-,|i|..„-vi-,,n,|'iiii'ii' a- 111 rat., of i-,.n.lMI,liiiii) i-al l.,,"ann. „f :i i-im] in , .,,,. |,,,i,|,„.. ,. ,|,.,,„n,U nm ,ii,h ,„, ,|,i, :'"""",;. '"" ■■'' " -'"■'' li'^'iHi-al il.la.l. ,1- tlii-a,,.,,i,ni ul lalmur l..i|i,ir,.,| '" ''"""'"^ '•' '•'! Miiil fi-lus,., tl„. iiiiiiiii-init V i.r i,„alit v nf th,. ija. ,i,-,i,|u,.,.,| ."^■1 111- Ii-,„il,l,. ..v,.,.,i,.|u-,.|| with tar 1,1- liiii. ,,„in,, „„ ,vl,i,.|, a M In.in' '"" -'"'^ -ullH-H-nt inriinMatiiiii. Tin- lii-l,avin„r „| ,.ai-|, i-i,,! „, tl,,.-,- II -|H-i-t- wa~ cai-i-liilly iili-,-i-vi-i|. I' inay I,.- n,iti-,| that liii- |iri.|in,iiiai-y ,ii.n,,.| aiiuM. .i„.nii,ii,|.,| wa- fmiml '" I" 'li'-.'li.lM-t,.ii>li,i,-|, ami it i-.llii-li-r,,n-,,-i.naiiiiliat iiiaiiv ,,f I hi- ,-„..|, •-'•■■1 ci.iilil l,av«. I«.,.„ iiiili,,.,! ,„ 1„.,„,,- a,lv,-,niai;i- ihati ua>' art u-,llv il„. '■^- I "-■ i-xam,,|i.. ilii-i.,. ,.f III,. ,,n,,il..s „,.,-,. ],„■.,,■ ..n.iu.l, m mak,. ri-iii-at '".":■ ""''■'■ -""'••"lial .lin,.|-..ni .-iimlitiiii,. fi-Mii. t|„,„- nliiainiiP. in i|„. '■nunal tnal-: xvilli ,u,i „1 iln-.. .ainpl.-s Hu- ,|.,.,,n,| „.„ ,,,.. „„„-|, |,.-ni.|- ■-.!-- .Kin w.-,-.. ,-,.a,-h.-,l ill ilii- i.n.inal n-i-; i„ ,|„. ,|,i,.,| ,.,„, (,^ |„„i„., ""' ""■' l'-"l :il'|ia|-|.|itl\ ,-,il|.|-|.,| liy k,.,.|,ii|M '•'' '!"■ '•irniiiiMann-., it wa-' lii-i-iih-ij i|,at in ,,„-l, ,-. . .. ,-„n,in,„,„- ""' '" -'I I'l.iii-. Miiiiilil 111. .,iini-.| .-It, uiti, a |.ri-li,„imir'- ,.r,i,„l ,,, „-,,in I .,, ", mmBmi^^K^ ^'^i^r-' "^-^^"^mim^ so li(iiii~. .luiiii'j whicli till' lic~l .-iv :iil,ililr vvnikini; i'(inilil imi- I'mI' llir fuel iiii 1(. ' '...nl,l if |i(i--.jli|c. Ill' rdiiihl : 1 III' |)rii|ii'i (li'|ii li I.I till 'I Ik 'I I ;ini| ;imiiiiii ~ii|i|ilii'i| lii-iiiL; ih'ii-i'i.iiiiril iliiniiL; tlii~ li 111' ;nii| lii'liiiT r. Ill mil' r:i-i', li\ liiixinu the I'l'ln.iili ■■ ilirlll III' llll' t |-i;il |i|-ii|i(' -allllill'- III' -nllirU ll.'ll -illliLir ('(imI, it \V;l- I'iiUIhI |lll--illlr to 1111 111 lllll wiii'kiii;; liiiiii~. uiirLiiii; III liniir- |ii'r ihiy ninl ImiikiiiL; llu iMirl' :il 11 i'^lil. 'I'lii- li'-l u:i- iii.'hIi' r!iii-ll\- ti. ili'iiH ili-l r:iti' tlir r;i|i:iril' I- riiiilmiiii-- -mil llir iii-i ;ill:il iiili I'm- wiirk iiink jil'lirl irr. ;i||il ,'l- ,'l rlirrk nil ot Ill-V Ir-I - ill ill ,1.1 111!- Ill I lii-r III nilllllir iliir i;i'i iil|i illi:i\ iil.kilili' i|i'ki\' 111 Ilir iii-l ;i ll:i Mi Hi nl ;i -,'iU-l ;irl i iry ]i|-iiiImi liil lllllllliill- rii.'ll- ll'lt -II -lliil'l ll llllir :i\lll kililr I'lir ihr wli.ili t liiil I \M. Iiinl 111 111' liiitilt' nirli Ul'l k i| uriiiL; I 111' |ir i| I'liilii \ii\rliilir: 1 III Miifrji lIMI'l, iiiiij tlii- |i|-iiL;r:iniiiir u;i~ i|ul\- riiirii'ij nill. willi llir f\ri'| III' ;ili iliti'riiii--iiili lit ( 'lil'i-nii.'i-. ll \Mi- llidUnlil 'lr-il':ililt' til rlriili till' |ifiiiliii'i'f i'iitii|ilrtrl\- .'il'tiT tiiii-liiiii: tin- wmk with nirli miil, in lU'ilrr llltiirtll.'l! lull till :lii 111' iilitiiiiii ll lint iiiil\- I'rulii llic :ili.'ily-i- ul' tlir iTl'il-r illiiw II ihll itiu I'lirh 1i'-t . I lilt :il-ii I'l-iitii 1 1ll' riilii|iii-it imi i il' till' I'llrl liril :i- il \\ hi'll I'll' h t rill I \V;i- riilllj lift I'll. \> will I ir -rrll. t lir iv-llll- nl' t lii'-i' ;iti; if I'l iti-ii|i'V;ililr lit ilil \". allil 1 1 iptiiiti 111 till- -y-I I'lll la- nilli willi till' liii'tliiiil 111' riitil iliUiiil- tilllllill'J nv lialikiliLl lilr- lii'twri'li tlir ' '- I'l'liili'lTil it ri'flaili tliat llll iiiati'i-ial I'rulii |iri'\iiiii- ti'>l.~ |-('tiiailiril in 'in |iniill|ri ali'l tliiit I'ai'li tlli'l I'l'i'i'ivril i'\ai'll\' llir -aliir t M'al ItH'lit -i i I:' :, -tafi 111'^ all' i -tii|i|i tiif rarh I'lial ' aliiiul L'li til _'s till' tr-t- w I'll' riinrrl'lll ,1. 11 'M'l'pt wiii'ii' 1 itlu'iw i-ii' -talrili wa- almiit .>n linii irliial niuniiii; |' t :>l) liiiiir-. .1 limii- 111' wliirli till' I'lr^ini' wa- wnikitii; a- iirarly a- |i at It- lliti'inlril iiiai ill li'-l< it wa- ili'-ifi'il til iifiiiliii'i , liiil nw iii'^ 111 ililliriilt \ in wiitkiti'^ an I )iiiiii'^ al till- rtmiiii' it' lai'i:i' aniiiniit> nl strain -nine w liirli w I iiilil i;iv(' ^)li iltl 111 t 111' IH'I'l if till' riial- yii'lili'il a |i' -ily I'lif tl; If ;;as ainl a iiul|iiit. A- liit'l'i'ivnl t'lii'K iiav'i- i:a-r- nt ilit'l'i'iviil ralnritir \aliii'-, tk-i viil\ rij wnikiiiL: at -iitni'uliai 'liri'rri'lil rati'- nl rniiil m-t inii, a- in 1 1n- '■ -r llll' liiiili'i- ii'-l-. I hit:, .-.■ ll/' Sifiii'.' l 11' a\allalili ikili iln'i'at iiiu all 1 nl, |-\lim' stall wa- 11' -uHirirlll ly Illlllirl'nII- tn Wiifk III twn rn|ii| li'li' -liit'K. It wa-. h' --ilili' 111 affaliiiv tlial llu 11 \\liii-i' liutli'- wrri' iiin-r lahnflnil- it Ira-l iilii'i' ililfllr^ ra ■ll tliii-t\- liniir filli, i'liiir tiicii W' ilutv at a litiii : tlii'if work wa- a- Inlkiw- 111'! \ii. I. Ill I'liaii;!' Ill ii|ii'l'.il tnti ll' ]ilalil.l Atti'li itkiiii; 111 i'ln;ilir, jifi nlilrrf. ami ail\iiiaf\' Inarliini'ry . timk- rniiliti-r n- i'lia::- ilifi'i'ii'il iliaiiiiny I'llil iiiln. a 111 I ri'tnn\al iit' a-lii's I rniii. tlir iirmlucc ( liKfatiif Xi 1 iii'iiiaii.) <'iiaiy;i'il I'nal iiitn ]iri)ilii I'I'l . I'l-'MiVI'l aslii'-, wnikcil (iiT ill |ii'iiiliiii'r, I'lilliTii'il laf I'nr wriL:hiii;; ( !li-l'l\(' \n, 1. W riuliril inal. obscrxTil |iri'--ili'i'-. li'itilU'Vat ui' -, ;Hi ll all ' ■ lif..kc. 'link nil li'f riaiiiiii;- ami iiiilii'ali If ilia, i;faiiis. ( lli.-cfvcf Nil. 2. Wnfkril lias ralnfinit'lrf alnl -aliipliil iia> an \oL I, ,1. I ;,ail :^^^a..dft ■ M •|i<-.' ,.l, •iTvci- inlcri'lKiii ilics iir('M>i(iMalh-, as was l' itillKl niii- ■, . nicm . In ;Ml were ||,,I ,l,.alM-,l \ec Fii;. i:,) uiih ,leati Knikeii liri. I,, tree tVdlii iluM. ami nl sueli size that it would pas> tlir.uiL'li the urate when -hakeu: al),,U1 M)0 poiinils Were u>uall.\ reipiiivil tor this pm|„,~e, the ani,,iint. ilipeiiiliiiu on Ihe si/e ami .Iryne--. of the pieces. Tli,. li,-,. „a- iheii ~talte,| With ahoili oO piiiiii,!-; ,,f woo,| ami 1(1(1 to lod poiimU ,,f s,.|v(.iie,l ua> e,,ke, air hcinuadniitteil Irom tlii' -rate ami the pio,liiii- ,,|' r,iiiil)iist ion e\liau-le,l l,y ill, -mall fan i j-ii;. I7i. 'I'lie roal t,, l,e teste,! was then elial-e,l unlil -he proper ili'lilhof fuel he,l wa> rearlie,| ami the lire was well aliuhl. when :li,' pr,„lii,-,.r ua- pill on i|,,wii-,lraft. .\^ >,„,n a> -oo,l ami unilorni ua- wa- oliiaine,! at th,' pr,,.lm-,'r. ii-iially alioiit ,,ne t,i t\\,, li,.ur- alter liuhtlln; up, llie exhauMer was -larti',1 an, I the small e\liaM -111- tan sl,,ppe,l. the -as l.iiuu tlii'ii ,li<- ,'liari;i',l to the uas li,,l.|er an, I ih, iii'e to the at -pliere. The eimiiie wa- Marteil alhl l,,a,l put ,,|| at a ei,n\ eiiienl time thereafter, alnl iiiealiwliile the Hiai'i supply \\a- a,lju-le,l in aec.r.lali,',' with pivliniinary ■ aloriiuei,u- ■ ieti'rtiiinatioiiv .\fier running lliu~ f,,r a peri,i.l ,,f fr,,iii three to live h,,ur-. :ili>! uheii i-,,nMallt r, ,n,lil i, ,n~ Were , ,l,t ailie, I. th,. trial wa- comineiM-'al : at ill.- -:ini,. time all a-li an,l fefii.-,. were I'leaiie.l ,iin fr,,ni the wa1er--eal alhl any l'!"k,ti liriek ami ashe> liroii-ht .lown l.y -hakiiiL; the -rate or pokiii- w,-i-,- iviiHive,! ami pill asi,le. ( luin- t,. the a' raiiiienient of the pr,.,lm-,.r l„,tt,,in. and lo the ucn->il>- (with .-,,tiie ,-,,al-i .,| pokin- utie,pially in ,|ilf,-r,.nt parts '>! the proiliicer licl, il wa- u-ually foumi that -oiiii' of ihe ivfu-i- f,,rni,.d diiriiu,' the early |iatt of the run w,,iil,l |.,,iiie throu-h the -rate lief,, re all tile I'nik iuul Jias-eil. Some of the hrick WoUul then come llir,,u-h ,luriii.u tlii' t!!:,!. The carlionaceous refu:-e (e\clu,lin- iirick) coniin- thr,iui;li ,lurinii tile te-t was put a.-ide, wei.uheil. ami saiiiiileil. Diniii- tl le tiia' w. ■;he,l aiiinuiit- ,,f (oal were addeil to the jH'oducer and corresponil'-i.-:- am,- tils of l'\':ii- as pussdiu' it ,',ial which Liave any trouMe from clinker or ha-, -in- of the fuel hcl, th S2 iv'^iilar r.iti- >•( cliniuiii'^ rn:,\ h.ul micii In l,r ,lf |p;irii'.| li.nii lo iiuikc up ill,. cHrrl iif |Mpkiii'j, Thr -aliir i-ilc-illii-l am c- 'vii.ldv.l it iiii|)ii---il)lr liiail'lain an ali-nliilrly ciii-laiil ilr|illi (if lilfl, alal in luaiix llial- tlic ilc •lif-; il \va-. liiiUcMi. Iilnin^lil hark 'n the eliil iil' tlir ! \aili'i| -'iiiii' in il ilcplli I'ciit Ulialcly , the ij|i(Ii 1' a^ ni'alh a- |im>-iIpIc In II11' nllLillial i|c'|iin niililccniialil il a \ri\ ilc j-c iiica-nivnicnl nl I In- I ui-1 l(\ rl to lir Inailiv \| ilir .■,,nrlu~inii nl' carli tr-l llir wlinlr iniitctlt- ■<( tlic |irn.lii(iT \\. ■ IVIiiiivcil a- i|ilickl\- a- |iii<^ililr tliriiui;li llir ual ii'-fal. \n clnlcavi lur \ iiiaiir at l:i'>i '" ki'cp si'pafatc llu- |iMiiion lu'lnw ilir iia- niillct. in ni'lii (•-.lilnatc tlir iiiliiKil-l ililc X'alui' llirivin. liul llii> "a- IoUIkI I then taken, ilfiol. wciulicil ajiaiii. and saniplcil lor analysis. '■ •.!- sainf trcatniciit was ai'cofdcd to tlif ivflisc witlidrawii .lurinir ttic K-l. I: 111a V lie imtcil that in tlic lif.-t tlii'cc trials ol' the >ciics 1.N0-. ^, '.t, and Hii i„. ivlii>c witlidfawii dminii tlic trial was iiiaiKcilciitly mixed with the ])fodu c: contents; fof these tfials, thel-cfofe. il is not possil.je to .Siive the coiu])i)--il .oi. of tic ivfiise formed during the test iSee TaMc WXIll. I'arl Vlll.) ■{'he coal for each trial was deli\-ereil to the i;as proihii'er hit>ora!-'\ hy tliestalT in (liar,i:f of the coal sanipliiifX. I'ach ha': ticiiiLT ta^^ed ^^;'l the serial nuiillierof the coal (See Colmiin 'J, Tahle .\ .\ .\ 1 11 . ) All coal for 'li. f::i> producer tests was free.: from dust hefoiv ilelivery to the producer lalMi.v toiy liv pas.-iii;: over a I" -creeii. iiut heyoiid thi~ received no speci.al 1i> j' nieiit. Coal samples durimi the trial were taken from each hau. lor ci,.( :, analyses, and e>peciall>' for moisture determination^. iKNtri.KAiriiEs. I'Ki.s-, i;i>. \\i) oiiii.ii ni:i \n.~ 'H' 11 -f. Sldiiii Sitpiili/. 'I'he steam supply was taken fro, a a well hpined iMp. cariNiui; ahout ^(1 pounds pressure ]>er s(|uarc inch, and after iioinj: tliroUL;!i :, sep.aralor, reduciiiLi: \-alve, and ,i;au;;ini: orilice, was admitted as rei|uiiv.| • the rini; inlel pipe siirrouiidili;:- the opetiim; a1 the top of No. I prou;" The pressure ,i;au,;;cs at the iiaULdiii; o-ifi,,- were test",! periodicall> . aipl ■!.■ ^lauizilij: appaialu^ was calihrateil liy aliowiiii: it to iliscliariie under a- ir i;i as possihle working; comlilioiis into a sui-face condenser friun which 'lie n-- charjic was wei.Lilied. 'I'he amount of >ii-ani pa->cd liy the orihce with : '. niveli readini;s of the t wo pressure Liaimes Was tint-- iletermined. Ti ifiiK niliin s. -The lempe arc of the iia-- leaviiei I lie produce \\: - taken liy -A thermo-jiinction electrical lliermonieter. the indications ol \,lii..■.))((.•■■. — 'l"he dil'h I'ences of pressure e\i>timj: between the at ino-|iiciv and the interior of the lias main were taken liy means of oi'ilinary U ■■ .itc: tiaULies at tl ■ followini: points, and. diirinj; regular rimtiiii'^. had ap; "M- maleiy fiie lo''ouim; salue,-; - ''ressu''e leaviiii! i;as meter and enterin'■" of water. VJ I 1 111 I j ili». Ill w :il(|. hi...-, I. t.,7 :!l I.. 1 ■• •• lli..|( •• •• I'll --lire ciilil lliu 'J;.- liiilci . rrc^-lll'i' lra\iiii; i\li,iii-l.>i' Surtiiiii cntcriiiL; i'nIkiii-i.'V . Suit ic.ii li':i\ iiiL; i;;i> U;i-lii'r . MI.'tiiiM clilcrini; i;;i-i \Vii-lli')' SiKiiim Iraviiii; wi'i -ri-iil.l.i'i "■ilrl lull l.:i \ iiii; |ij m lui-ri The IVM-'ali.-c .,| ill, !i„ I 1,1,1 u:i- lliM- iiMiallv In. In 1' t<. S' n\ uali-i III,,! i.f ihc uvl M-niM.rr al.,.ul .''. llial i.l' llir 'ja- ua-lirr almoin _'". an.l ilia! i.l'ilic Iiir1( r alii.nl 11': llii' csliail-lir l,.,.k al,..i|t _" II. I', alnl \M.rk.i| a'^aiiiM a li.ial ill.' I'll'.'.'! .,f lar .ami ,liii .,n ill.' |,iv-iiiv iv;;iiial.,r ,'im| ral.,M- iii.i.'i- ua- mcl.'i-, llii'-,' w.-iv .'l.-an.'.! lVi'.|ii.'ni |\- ami lli.' in<'l.'r .-li, ■,■!..■( I l,v |i:i-Mli'^ i|i.-,iili;li il a kii..\\n \.,liilii,' ,i|' ail' In. Ill an a-|.| r.'ili.r I, ..III,', /■■",/. /Vi, /■'/-■< , •//',/ f/.i.- .l/,.//,/.s;.v. Till' liirlh.i,|- ,,\ I'lH'ini.'al anal\-i- ami ''"■ :M'I''|''I"'- '•m|.l..v,'.| ar,' fully .l,-,.,,-,.,! i,, f.,,, |\ .,,1,1 , 1,,.,.,, ,,„.,. ^ li'.'i III, I l.c il.'all Willi li"ii' I, lis Sniiij.hf,./. ( la- -alii|.l.'- wvyr ,•, ,l|.a'ti', I iivrr « ai.'i' 111 1...1 1 1,'- li. .Mmi; :i'""" -i"" '•■'■• Th.'-c u.'ii' -I'al.'.l Willi |..'itallni \va\. lal .cll.'.l. ami -I'lil !,, 'Ii.' 'iH'iiiii'al lai..)i'.'il.ii'\ I',. I' aii.'iK -i- ' ■'lliiiinii ,111,1 M, ,,.-.„,, ,„, I, I ,,/ 'I', II-, Th,. -|.|i('- ,,| ii'-i- i',,iiinii'm'i'i| with ill.' «i'-ii'i'ii li-iiit,'-. I., ulii.'li ill.' .|..wn-.liail pi.i.lm-.'i' -ii'iii,',| \\,.|| -uit,..|, I'la.'li.'.'illy 111, lar 1.,'in- i,,iiml ill tli.' i;.'i- a- il I, '11 ihr pi'.,.iii,','i'. \\iil, ihcv,. '":i!-. ill l':ml . iIh' scriiM.i'i' -.'I'lni'il In laki' lillli' .,i' m, lar mil ,.r ilic -a-, ami ill.' -am,' 1,'inaik applic- 1.. llii' L;a< wa-lar. ami in -.,111,. 1 lial- with llir-,. '■mil- ih,' latter apparatii- u a- nut nva-l!i'i' were crrlailily clt'aiiili.i; llii' ?;a-, l,ul litllc ttir wa- Imiml in tlu' wali'r -.'al- mill wliii'li thi'ir lii-chariio ll.,\vi'il. St,'p- wi'i,' taken, at .hi,','. lli,'r.'l,,i','. '" 'i''vi,-,' a -I'ttiiiiLi 1)1. \ ill wliirli ill,' tar luiili! 1,,' 1 ,' ,•, .nipli't.'lv -.'paraH'-l li.'iii ihc wa-liiiii; watt'i'. an 1 alter -miie expi'iinu'in- '-ati-la.-l. >y tar i..,\i':- "'' 'ii;i'l'' :ili'l pla('i',l in M'rvi.'C in lltll'.l. In trial- ma,l,' I.eluii' thai .l:.te. 'Iiei.l-.r,', li-ure- a.< tu lar ar,' n,,t s,i ,',,mpleli' a- in ih,' lal.'i 1,'- -. ■|1i,. v.m, "1 -''am III the pip,'- wa- luiiml a cin.-i.ler.'iMc ai.l in ll" ••,,llei'ii .n 'if tar at'i.T ■1 '■' ~\. ami in -miie i-ases with "I'ly -ticky tar il was m'ri'ssar>- •,, l'\ pas- the .u:i- wa-hi'r ami rieaii il .nil uitli a -f ini jet l),'|',iri. slartili- il auai'i. .s J Mi.l^ui, l„, „l ,,/ II .//./■ r ../. Th.' U;ilr| l|-r,| 1,\ ihr \\i-{ -liulpl.cl . lili.|ri(M|, :ihi| l;iki'ii liiiiii llir iil\ in:iiii- Tlial il-i-'l I'V <\\' '-.\- \V:i-liii \ ,.-liiniili''l III. Ill ihr ic-iill- ..I :i -rih'. i.l -|..ri:il i'\|ici iliiriil - Nn |.,'iiIm ■ aMclli|il v\;i~ lii.hli' III crMiiuliii/i III I In ■ i i-i ■ 1 1| \\:ili'l , /•;,,,//;;, \l ,, 1^,11: ■III 1,1 ■ 'I'Ih' t 1 1 u 1 1 n ' liiiikc 1 1 1 1 1 -i ' - 1 " HM • i uii- Iih.i-;, |,\ ;, inpr l.;;ikr -crll 111 l'!:il'- I. Ill wlllrll ;i iii;|.l \\i|-lll U.-l- ki'pl :' 111;: l.l-l Wi lil -lii|i- Till' li'll'l I'll ill'' -111 I' I. -I'll' III I In- I "I"' \^ ■!- Il.i'li-llli'il ! -|iiiii::' li;il:iiM'i' l;i'\ i iliil h ill- iiih 1 I'jiiH - v\ i'M' I iiki'li ^•\ U\ i ■ ( 'i i i-l i\ •■,,,[: ,■,,111 II 'I'll 'I I III Mil' \ ,'il\i' -liiiM :iliil iIh' '^iivriiiiii '^I'lii ii'-|MTiivi'l\ . Ill II I I II ill I- iliiiLriilii- \M'ii liiki'ii r\i'r\ liiiiir u'liii-llx ;i- :i ilin-k mi llir -,il i-lml i n \ w- ili._; ,,l 1 he I'lr^iiH' li\ :i ('iii-li\ li.'i- I'll ::iiii' III' liriil III'. Il inii-l iinl I '.' h n 'j' >' lli:i| ill,' Ir-l- wnv IrlllU I'll I 111' l;'1- | in h Iui'i'I . I kr I'll'^ilir ill '1 11'^ I Mil III I I. 1 1 .li;iii. llir -uil iiliilil \ I'l llii' '-:i- I"! |"i\M'! |iiii|"i-r- iiillii'i lliiiii ;i- a |':i iIh' mal Ii'-l. Ill -nine III till' I'ailii'i Irial- uIh'Ii umkiii'.;' Willi Imt kiii' ,.i,al-. aii.l i'-|'i'riall\ 1 1 'ja - i 'I' k iw rak'iilii' \ akli' M'-iill n I. II w a- loiiml ill II I,, iv^iilali' llii' wi'ikili'.: Ill' llir | n i n luriT -i i a- In aMihl liiakiii'.; ralliii ' ;.;i. iliali llii' I'li^ilii' niilkl lakr al il- l'i".:i|lal -|ii'i'i|. i'\rii wlicii liiiirj i ,.\ I'll-, 111 -iii'li a ra-r. I 111' w hull' III '111' ::a- |i| i " lurn I u a-, nl rniir-r. tin'. l.ill a -liiai' ; uiil |ia--i'il In lli'' a I iiiii-|ilii'ii' lliiiiil::li tlir n-lii'l' \al\i' Hi- ,,l' 111 till- I'liLiiiir. Alkiw aiH'i- \',a- iiiaik' I"i' tin- in lli"' ralmlal I'Hi - jl.li.l' . I'V lakiii;: llir iVll.lV a- liial wlmli umikl lia\.' IIKIIIII allH'il llll'l all llll- '.la- ll,.'l I'ln I ki'i'll -illl In 'ill' I'll'-IIH', iIh' i! ,.,,ii,illii|,llnii |H'r l'..il.r |>i'r Imiir Willi a | i|i|i>\iliiaii'l\' ' li'' -anir Ina'l <■ • l.iiuwii liiiiii a |M-iin'l iluriiii: uliirli all ::a- liirliTcil lia'l |ia--i'i| llii' llir 'ii'^iiir. Ill lali'i' liial-. wlii'li llir -lalY \\i-\r liinl'i' laiiilliar \M! ' i,|irl'al mil nl llll' |irni|ni'l'l'. llii- tlnllMi' illil llnl ali-r. 1 1 i 1 1 I , \n \ \ 1 1 1 > \ I H I ; \ 1 1 111 I I 1 1 , 1 1 1 \ - 1 M I ' 1 1 1 1 \ Tlli- i|iiaiil 11 \ . a- i|l-I llr.;ui-li"il I I'nlil 1 In' I air al uliicli rnal i- rl illl,, 1 lir liliMllrrl'. i- prl'liap- I 111' Mln-I iliilirlill 1 1 1 r- I a I 'i i-l I a I'l'll la 1 1 'I \ , ,: i-ri'l alliK' till' liHi-l ilil|iii|'l alil ill a '^a- |i|i iiliirri Ir-l ' '! Iir \ailnu> | liirlliii'l- 111' ilrlr'liiiiiilii: llir ai'lual rat i' n! I'ucI rnii-iiiii| il imi lia\i' a!" Ill -11 ili-ril--t'il. il "a- lin|ii'il lliai 111 Wnikm;; nut the rr-iill- nl llir >' hri, ri'|iiiili .1, till' llll'l arlilall\ riiii-uiiir' I riiukl lia\i' ln'i'li i'|n-i'l\' r-1;: i. l>,ii|i tlir rnal I'liai'L;!'' I . li>" lln' ai'l nl' ilala i|rii\ri| I'lnlii llir rli''!; alial\-i'- nl till' '^a- |ii'(iililri'il. llir l'rl'i|-i' I'l'lilnvn 1 iluilli'^ llii' lllal. aii'i r,,lllriil- nl tlir |il'ni|iirri al ill" cnlirlii-inii iit' llir lllal. Tlli-; \va- li'il ■' r-|irciall\ ili'-iialilc, lici'ail-c I lie Icnul li nf rarll I I iai w a- li lllilci I 1 1 1 _' I '' ali'l ali\" ililti'irin'c in rninliliim nl lilcl linl. a- hrlwrrn llir lu'Liimii: riiT nt' a t'ial. wnilM. t lirii'l'iil't'. 'ia>'f a rn!n|ial'al i\'cly \\\.\%f ilillui'lH alipal'i'li' -.alui' nl llir lirniiiicc'i' rlliririicy On iinicri'iiiiii;' In wnrk mi; the trials in ll;'> iii.iiiiici'. it was I'min i i i;i cci'laiii ill llic trials snmrwhat iiirnii-i^tciil rrsiilts wrir nKl ailn'il. ai'i:' ill 111' si "iisi'.- ;i fail' am'ccliiriil was Imiinl Willi Ilic kimwii ainniiiit- nl i i deal' n'ltli ami the I'llrl I nil emu lit im is which pinlialilv I'xislcil. It wa-. i. .S>t' p '17, l-|.|.'lr,| 1 I'ihi I,, -I,., I, ily-c- .ii ill ihilll ■lll-r .1.1.1 |,!,„| ■iM.ilK rli:ii '.:i'i|. u-iiil: ill l|r-l r.ill.cin - -lllll.: \ lllllMIII \- Mf Mllirl v\ I hl.-l l.r.l ,-,n.| |''\ ■■!- :lll lll.il. Mil, HI ,,|' li III. ill- III i||. Iii'-ililiiii- :iii.| |.|| ''"■ "'■''■ ■'■'"- !'■'- '■'■'" 'I ■ II' 'll-il-llr, ll„. ln:,l ir-llll- ,,1 -,,1 m„.„1 I'lii^f-. I'll ^ I.I -I 1 I- ..| |.|,-..i,| , I 1; , 1,1 \| ^,, ;;_i '" '"'''■' "■'■■^'"ill'l" liiMli.„|, :,.|.,|„,.,: ;,,i.| -i l,-,.u:,,„,„, ,.,1^,,,, '■"™- ■'"■ -■■'- I'l-lll.ri i.-l- ll,.. I.,., :,,„| ,,l,-,.u;,I|,,„ -h,.,.,. |,„ ,„„. ,,j. ^" •'- ■"■'■ • ■^"'- "■-••iIht Ulll, ,|„. ,,.-,, I, ni, r:,l,.ullil|..,;-. u,„|,,.,l ,,i|, ,' '''■'■"'■ '''"' "-' ^^^'- '"■'■I'' '"> •■' -■■ili'i'l ImIuiii - ,-,,|,l |,,,„| (•,.,,„ '''''■""■ ■""' '~ '"■"' ■-'^'" •'- ■■' l-"l!v I, .p, ,-,.,, I;, MM. ,„„. .,,,.1 .,, |„ ,,,., ,,,.^,| "'""'"■ ^^'"^'■'■"^''^-"-' •" v!,M . ..,„l,|,|,.,,. ..:,|,„|;,n,„„ „,,,,,,,. ',1, I' piiM III llii. Ii.,iir|- |,.-|-, •''"'"'•" '''■'•lll'''l llll-MIKlllnll .,- ,,, ,|„. I,,.,, ;,„, I, ,1,-,. ,,.,,„,„ ,1„„. ,,,„,,„, "'"'!'■ -''II''- "I lll.'i- 1- -l\''ll III \..luil,r \ ,,| Ihi- l.J,..|| Lou of p: vents. I'li^il "1 N". I I lu'Ti will, X,, ;|i, ,.,,.,1 "■'''■ M^iiili ^ .iimI It. i!Mi!P. Tiiiil 'iiiimUt :;l'. • »li~i-i\:ili.,|i- ,,f :j,-i,,.|,-|| i ,,ii.liii,,||. "I'-i'ivrl-: .1, ,< C:, III, .,■,,„ I, ,1,1 (, ImII:,,,,, (i( ,11 rol \,.l liaiunirlrr al I n-j in ii in :^ '■ "-.-'II I'. Ill, ■■ 111,1 II IMII \\ a'l'i' iiirii'i' '.I .-i.ni \\ ali'l- liiclri' s :i hi I )irir|ciirc ll|H-k in |l|H,lll|-|.|- I,;,-,. \v(r,-|..;r lc\rl II -"'•^■! ili.-|ir~. .".I.ss ■• -'.>-'.i7 •■ ."i.sli ■■ '"1^77 iiii|, ■^.■ill,,n-. li'Cr,.") imp. L!all,,n-. -'^"-^ imp. -all, III- ill _':; ||,,iii- ■lo.MI,-. •ll -iiiiarr i.,'i,.u i,,p phii,. ,,| piu.li, ,.,.,■, 17- - '"■■'■'"■ ■^'•■'"•'' " '"■'■ li-li""i. rliar.,.,| .-, II.-. .-liav.n-. Id 11,.., Wi'ii'l. I_'ll li,-. r,,k,.. """II 'li.iii. Cliai-ci |:;i II,,-, ,.(ik.., r.'n 11,-, ,-,,kc. liKi 11,-, ,.,,;,!, Kill II,- ,.,,:,!, .•^laili-il cii-ilic, lull I,, ail applicl, Tiiai ciiniiiicnccil. Clcannl ivi^iilalor i,\ ralnninricr ainl .-;lcaiiu'(l uas \va. -twl j>vt sAM Sti (-, ■_>(( |, ,11 MiMih ^ Sl;l|lli| i;:i- \\:i-llll. I'Ul llnlililr riplllilillcl -lii|i|iri| |! :rj:illi I"! i iiii;iil.' Ii'i m1 t > i:il s._'ll a.m. M:iiili '■' Tn.-il liiii-lir.l. I»ir\\ lin Imliiim' \;i1\.- .^,i(..l ni.lcr .■\ir|.l !,■, :, lull I l|c;i >ilcl iirh .liiiiii'j r:iih ini'i iiilii; •lur u> t|,ri I. .11- |.iiM Summary nf Observations. |);ilc, M:i!iii ■> :iip1 '1. l'»l'' ri..,l;iiri \n, I :,t \I,<.lll llll\'l-l'\, •|',|,i,. ,,| l,.jl,ii„n lip -Mn :i in. Trial .■Mii.in.iirr.l n.'ii a in Iji,; S,_'() a.m. DiiralmiMif IriarjMit.in-^, Ixiipl . .11 ui I '■■>al \. ..:'.'!. ( ll.-iM \.'i - .ili'l -tall ilmiiiu I iial ; Isillam , ( 'aiiai..!! . < lai .liiirr. ( ''iiiipulfi - : Killam. ( 'aiiirion . I i.i.l. Cla-mi-l-: Si an-li.'l.l , \irnll-. t 'ampl ..-11. I. T..lal .■..:.! rliar'^i'.l .Imiir^ liial, •J. \li.i-t iiir III ri.al a- iliaiLli'il. :;. Caioiilic \aiuc ul .-..al a- cliar'.ir.l . \»-\ 11.. ) Calniilir \ aliii' 111' .lr\ ''nal |.rr 11. .-,, I'li.Miiialr . ly-i- "I' ''"a! a- r|iai'.;r.| iliv UclLllll . \ril i-aiLLlI 'u-><: va.lalili' lllallrv :')."i.!l. .i-li ."i-H: m.ii-tiili' _'• r ,' C, Cc.ml.u-r.l.lr ill .li\ ivlii-.' iv,ii.i\r.l .liliili'j llial: li\c.| cai 1...II -l^- I ; \ i.lal ili' llial \ry 17' , 7. .Nvma'^c .liplh i.Milr! 1" il iiiH'a-ilif.l I'k.iii iriilif i.l' 'ja- I. Ill Id ... Gas — ,\. 'I'lilal iia~ pi... luce. 1 .lutiiiL: inal fi'.m mi'trr ri'ailiiiL:-. . . <». .\v<.iai;i' ti'iiipt'ratuic ..l' 'ia- Iraviiii: pniililccr . 10. A\ciau' icmpcialuic of ,l;.i- al iiuim-. ., 11. Avfia^r Icmpmatuiv nf air in piclurcr linii-r . I'ia. .\\i'ra'ir lii;iliia' ralmili.- valim ul' ^as per cul. (I . I.v laliiiiiiMii'i- ia> i.l.siM\cili. . . r_'b. Avria'^c Iniiliri ralniitic vahn' (if tra.-' pi'r laili. I'l. I.y calniiiiiclrr i^a- 'li\ 111 'ill ami I I •7 11'-. IM'i M|. in. '. . 13. Avcrai;!' IdUcr cali.i'ilir valiin.l' u^a- per r'lli. It . 1 ly II.-, ir i; Ti I cllh. 11, .■'-! 1 I. K.r.r aliHimctcr iira mIi'V at r.n ami 1 I -7 ll-. p U.T u.r II \ \ II :IUI' li;|| I. III! I I !!■ |,||.,,||, II IiiimUm fr. III I I .ii'i III- ll.'is 111-, II. In in- l.lrj I'i \\i'i:i'.'r -iliiiiiii al I'sliau-lcr. I(. \\ cia'^c |iir--iiM' i4' ja- al iiii-lri, .« ■•nil. U'lhi . A./.- 1"^- T..tal -ii-aiii M-r.l III |.r,„|iirri l-iiiirj Ilia! . . I'' 'I'Mtal ualri i|.r.| III .,ai|l,l„.| ;i||.| i;a- ua-lin -'" Tnial lai cMiarlr,! Ill -i'iiiMmi- ami ■::,- ua-lni -I \\(a:iL;r |m,uc| lv.|l|||r.| lo .|||\(. r\li:iu-t, I . \vcra-i' |"iuri ir.|iiii,.,| i.,,|ii\,. ,^:,. u;,-!,,., I.i,,in,f' -'■' '"'••il ii'\'iliilinii- ,lmii|.. in:|| i i,,,,,, ,.,ii|iii,.| ■ -' ' I "'■■ll l-\|il"-hMl- .III I III;; IiimI Ik ill I i Iilcn -.■>. AM'ianc rtrcrlnr |na.| I. II l.iakr. -'i. iilllTllNr la.llll- (il I. lake ulicl ■-'7. Amtmi:.' IllI'Mll I'lllrlKc [,|,-.|,,,. Iiutil III.JlahH -"^' N"!!,-. Iiic |„,L,.,| :,! s.'ii. X .-.(i, !i ji(. 'I in. II.-,,-,. |n,-,(i | i |.-, II. .V. a.m.. l.'d.V I. >!.-,. in-,. |,|.-, .'.in. :),,-,,|, |..-,(i. .-,,„-, 7 m s ;;iV 1"''". I I. Ml |., III., .' III. I, in. ,-, 10 i;. '.-,,. I. II, i;.'iii-i' iciimxcl ,1. s.-,n. ',:,.; ;, ,11 . I., i.v ji,-,. .V...-, s :;,) ,,.m -'oil. :!..">n. ."1. in a.m ' '' Hciiavimn ■,( loal i.-,|m,,.,| cuti-hlm ,,|,|,. allciilh.ii .-aki-. \\clili;i' limr lirlunii jKikini:: unr Iimiu. •'Iiiil^i'l : lilll'' ticiil,!,.. Tai : a 1; I ,|ral. S'atr ol rm;im. vaK.- al rmj ,,| t,,al: ^ | romlilmii ia.t|,I f,,,- a Imlc xi.,1. M'- la-i rli.aiii',!: I'rl,|iiar\ _':;. I'.lll'i. Ill- .'|i,ll 11. .;;,'i|n h... Ml II I' .'.;, II !• |.:, :i.'n|'is I l.".7'il II.- I.V,.,-, II. :;.s;;i; -II. .\\ \l.\,|~ ,,| Dl;., ( ,,x M . .|i-,iL:rii . ,-,.() <:irlu,ti , 7(1.7 Viini.^i'M . . (Ky-i'ii. . >ll!|'illll- . ■_>. 1 l"'al cailiiin ri,ii. '■<'> An \i,-,-i~ ,,r ( ; \> 11^ \-,,| I \,| ' al Im.11 l|lli\:.|,. . |((.|, < K.vi:i-ii. . (1..- • 'al l"ill m.illnvi.ll' . II'I il.\.lli'.urn. . I 1 . I Miilialic ;;.•> I'!lll,\ Irlic, (I. I '•iiiiri|l,y,|i\ c.al ins.-, II,-. .\ili',,.i;vM. . (;....-, /,'' nt'uks ~ \ -ali;|; li'tiil\- liial riiii-i.l fii.'i i...l '•liiiu' the iialiiiv 111' ilir ,-,,al A lallicr .|r «iis iiiamlailiiMl wlm-h ,li.^t rovcl a -u,,,! .jral m il„. i-,, 'ri,: 1 -•ni- - iiiic In, 111, I,. j,| ,|„. |,|.,„|,|,.,.|. I,,,, ,1 M^y ' !r;iii|. trnulilc. If ,i:a< was iinilin'm cmiuirh n, ^v. ^ILTVKJf Suininarv "f Rp^ult^. il l>n ,■,,;,! , |,:,rj,-.| .iuiiirj tii;,l. , ■'-' (■..hil,i|-lil,,. ,.|,;,,'^.'.| .lllllll, III:, I ■'■•■ \\>-iAM<- I! II IV "I .'ir-iii.-.j.iiin.: t,,.,! '' \\''L-'- in.|ir:,',.| II {■ ,,. ,„,_,, I, ,,!„,_, ,,|,,| ■■'• \^<-r.r,.' II I' l,,l,,,, I.\,n|,.,:..|,-, ;,||.i-,- u;,-l., , •■'■ \^'r.r',- II II r ., |„|,. ,.,,, .,,„M,ii,pi„,„ ,, I irjllli- U;i. I.'ikcl. ■' \W..,,,,. II II I' ,,„.,..|„,„.|,„,, ,,, ,, ,.,| ,,^^^_ l.l...ill. . .i ■■^^ \\'-r-;- i; II r ,.„M-|„,h.i-„,, ,1 ,,,,. I'i'"''"'''l ^'i"l ;i'.:HlaM- I |i.|.|,. .,-,. .llliiW 111', hil |iimr-t ll-r^ I // . , IJ i.lr,!,/,, ■''' < '"111 ch.-ii .-> 'I pi'i l|,,iii 111 i'r-. r,,,,| , I, ,■,-,..( p.. I I,,,,,, II r,,||,l„|. ' I . r|,;,,.J.',| |.,-, i,,,:,, I- <■":'! '■Ii:ti--I I"-. -|. II. ul IM ■! I...i |.,., |.,, ,, 1- l'i\ '"-.'l . Iki! j.,| .„., ,,|. IK ,,| ,,, I I (',,liii.i|-l|l.|.' |,,., - I !i '■"' ''"■'' ''- '■icii'J.-.i per 1 ■ .■.|.|,x,,|. I, 1., ,„,u,-.- u-.'.l I., I .iumIkim.'- . ''■ ''"■'! '■■!- ■■Iialvi.l |„.r |„,i|. r.|,,p :,|,.|,i i,, -ir:,ii: ■'i |M-| h,.ll! I.'i i. ■.! ;, I I,., Mr M-i'il III I III. IM '■ ''■^- '''.^' ""■" ' -ilfpli'M nv |.rn,M,,-r |.r, I I '^ '■:'- 'ilA:,! Ml :,imI I|.7 |I,- ; ., ,,, -,,|,!,l„..l liv |.|..ilur,.r |M r |iMi|. '■' '■•I- 'i'> Ill"l"l' -ll|,|,||r,| 1,, ,.|, Uic' |„.r |„.ll. \vliilr L:a- i-i.ii-iiiiipi lull ua- laki-n '' '•■i--ihvAl i.ll an. I I |.: |l„, |„., -,|.,„., .i,|,|,|„.,l '" ''li'^in.- p. 1 la.ur ul.ilr :;a- rMn-iiin|,i „„, \va-< taken . . '' ''akpi-iH,- xaliir ,,! ,.,,al .■lial-.'.l [mm l,,,i|r (':»l"nlir valilr nf -a- pn i. lure, | p,.. h(ii \alui';. 11- III:, M- l.;i.; II !■ .■•,..' II r 111..; II I' 1.(1 hdlir !cn\r|' " J! !■- 1,11 • 1 l>v .'I'l • II I-. ."..". ." I>v I.". • 1 - 1 1 1 ,- II 1) Sham iHi'il in piiHliicrr per Iiimh'. III-. 'I.ll li-. II. 1 '■ill II . :;.;iij 'iili ii. li.'ji) i-ul). II . :;,;(i_> '■nil II. :;jjij li.T I s I 7111 Ml i'..TM . :iL",.;ii ''i- 'Ml. I /,'. ^ulh .1. r.ur. i-^i'lryal (III amll I ■ 7 II.-. pn-,,, ur pi-,,.|„r,..| piT III. Ill i-.ial rliar;:-.'.! I.. II liO. tU. ii:5. t;i. (■..">. Ill p. liT. tiS. (■,;,. ,,liv:,t r,U Mil.! I l-7ll'^.lKTS(|.in.)i)ni(lurc(l pel' 11.. Ill' ilry i"i>:>l i'li;iii;'''l (,;i< nlrVMl (i(»^;iIMl 1 |.7lli>.l> (■nil. I't. i:a.- iirmluccil ... i;tlicicncy ol' |>nicf" lit' i::>~ pnntuctlon ami cltMii- in;: liascil on coal cliaiuvil I'.liiricncy of pnMluc.T plant allowilii: I'or p.iwrr iiM'il for ail\iliai-ii'> i;iiicicnry of pi.mIuc.t iilanl allowin- for iiow.-r iisni I'oi- au\iliarii'<. ami foi' steam \\-r,\ in piddiicci' . . 'riicrmal cllicicm-y of cniiim' liao'd on H.ll.P. . ( »vcr all clliririicy of producer and eii-ine plant. Calontic value of i;a> supiilied to enuini' per IVll.l'. pel- hour . . Calorific value of coal cliar-ed into produc.-r jier IVil.i'. per hour cub. fl. •"). i> cull. fl. .'i; •'. cull. fl. 7'"'i ( nil. ft. l: -7 llw. I ■ I'l His. .'..77 His. 1.- u.lj (I.:;." o.;;!i (i.b7 ().()7^ B.T.r. i:;iinu ',-'- l,n,.,al '"';,':, (;■) I'.iaiul- |icr li.iiir- .-liarj;.'.! iiiOi pni.luc.r |..r ii.Il.l'. ,|<.vi'l.i|..'il li.v ciiiriiic . 7(1 l-ouiul- per lidiir cliarp'.l int.. pni.lnccr |i.'i- U.ll 1 ■ iillowiiiL' lor p.iwcr .i-.'.l l.y iiuxilianc-. . __ 71 P.mml^ per li.iur .liarc.-.l iiU.i pr.i.Uiccr per IVll.l . •illowiii" ler pouiT .■latl al-.i tor steam u-c.l l.y producer in :?:{7 ■_'-:ii ■.'■;> -'lit :M".t .M- 'Jl r'\li.iil,-trr, I Ai'.i.i: .\\i\. Observations of Composition of Gas by Volume. 'I'rial 111' \,i. 1 piii.iiicci- will, \,,. ;;i; ,■,,:,!. Dale, Maicli SalhlK-ri\cr: iChciiii-l i \\". H. (';nii|il icll. .\'nM.>, - l!.H. appaialil,- ll.-cl. Sainpl,- taken .■• pivsMilv ■Lie nl Su. 'liiiic Ami. . -il -:.iii- t.-.krri \:<''"'y (lyv-.n liliiii; .lio\i,|r i:iiu- lailinri niiiii- M.'lli- llv.lr \iin,- liillaiii MIMl.lr In II I J i:t Is a.m. !MI.-. I(I'IK) I I (III IJ IHI p.m. M II I 2 ■ ( K I ;i(MI I (III .".nil i;:!(i Nllll lliill 111. "ill .'i.m. IJ :«l I -."Ml :i-."iii I ."ill ."i .")! I II .'ill Inn II II I mil Hill llHl Kill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill HNI Hill Hill Hill IIKI Hill Hill HI' I !l I Hill Hill III. 'I IJ :; IJ ■■ i:i ; III II 111-7 Hi:i Hi:; IJ (I 1 1'- I i:i- 1 HI N HI- I lll-'.l II. s 1 1 .'i ii-i; II .") 0-:; II I 1 1 -J II-.'! II -' 0-7 1 1 .■> II. li II. i; 1 1 .'i l|. s II-.') 11-7 117 II i; 1 1 - .'i II 1 n I \i I s I II- 1 H! Ill III- II Hl- l:i- 12 i-'i ll- Hl. Ill I J III III 2 I'l 12 2 .') ■'.•J 2(1 2 .'.I .» . ~ ■ '<■ I * * - .'l I I :!.i; 2 s 1 ■') 2 I ."> li 12 ;i . 2 117 HI. I I |. I I I I 1 2 2 II > '.I. s '.I li Hi II l:;.2 1 1. 1 '.1-7 III 1 1 :i HI 'I III li.") .'! Ill 7 lili s llli II •V.I. 2 .'is . s lill li lilf.i.l liiMI 111 '.I .'is li 111 7 .Vl !1 112. 7 .V.lll ."I'lli 11 12 (12.") 2.1 II 2^ 1 22. II .•i2.|l 27 ■ .i 21 ■ » 2li.!» 2v.!l 2.-, 1 TAIUJ: xxx Observations of Gas Meter and B. H. P. ■ril:il iif \o. t |U(mIuc('I' Willi Nil. ot> '■";il- l);uc, March s aii.l d. IHH!). Trial inmil.iT OlKcrvcr,-; J, S. Caincron audi 1. i\iliaiii. NdTKs, -Ail ,;;a< iMoiliiccd \\a< takrn l>y holtlrr iniiaincil <-l(isc.l iliioiPilidUt nial. H-J ■limine, rrlic't xalvc i>i! '1 iiiii' Main . lllrlf Cull. Iict in intiiviil Ciil.. led 'lot:, I ii-J- \<\ rnrlcr I uM.l- on lit:lil ainl -l:wk -i.i.' Ill' ll^:ll^(• \(l II 111-;, KcViillllin (■oiinlcr ri-adini; Ion -nil' ,v|i:ill ' lA|, a.m. .S.oO 1..-.0 2.211 2..")ll :! 20 :< ."ill 4.20 t .VI ,").20 .") ."ill I'l 20 li .'ill 7 20 7 .'ill |..m. S . 21 1 >^ ."lO 0.20 (I ."ill 10.20 Ml, ."ill II 20 11 ."ill ;i.m. 12 20 12 ."ill I 20 1 .'ill 2 20 2 .'ill ■A 20 :! .'>0 1 20 I ')0 ."i JO ."l .'ill 'i 20 ti .'lO 7 21) 7 .')0 N 21 1 2i:iii:iiio 2i:!2l'.io 2i:i;i^oo 21:'i.'i71ii 2 i:(7:!.'i.'i 2i:i'.iiiMi 21ll|i.l'.IO 2H2i:;i 2li:-iMiii 2ll."i."IIO 2117210 21 ls700 2l."i02IO 2l."ilOs."i 2l.'i;i."illl 2l."i."iO70 21.'ili'.IOO 21.'i^li'».'i 2iiiii;iio 2|i:20Mi 2Hi:iM."i 2lli."illill 2Hi72MI 2lliN7ri."i 2l7li.'i.'ill 2172220 217:t7."iO 247.'i;i."i.'i 21770SII 217s'.iriO 2lMii:iO 2|v2UiO 21s:i7-IO 2iN.'i:ui) 2IMi7UO 2I^^.")00 2(yiu."io 21'.ll."i.'il) 2l'.i:i220 2101'.IMI 2l'.lli7liO .'iiiO'.inn 2."illl.">(HI 2."il«2IK) 2.'>0llili" 2'iOli2IO 2.'i07'.i;o 2.'>l !!».') 10 I Mill 171)0 1S20 llll.'i 172.'i I'.IIO II III Ui70 171 HI 1710 1 IfiO l.'illl 174."i 1 ."i."i."i l.',:iii l^:!ii 1 7s."i Ui2.'i 1770 Kii.'i im.'i ivjo I l^."l 17V-1 l(i7ll l.'iilO li;o."i 1 72."i ISMl 1470 17HII l.'iMI lliOO lt."ill 1710 14.")0 ii;oo 1(170 I7ri0 17S0 ';;i li)' llilKI KlHi 1 Hill I'lMI Hi7o iri:;o isoo :i."i'.io ."illO 7l)."i.") s7S(l tori'iii iin:;o i:i."iOo 1. "121 10 Ui'.IIO IslOO 1 '.I'l 10 2iriN.". 2:vjio 21770 2iir.o(i 2^:i^."i :;iiiiiii :)l7Mi ;!;>."ii.'i li.'illiO ItlKlsO :fs|i;.'i 1 02 ."ill 41020 i;M."iO 4."ill."i.') 407 so IMiliO ."ii)i:fo ."llMill ."lifllO .'i.'i04ll .'ill too .'is200 llOH.'id tir2."iii 112020 tiiriso 1104110 712IMI 720(M) 71:5110 7.'0IO 771110 70210 111-. 2."iO 27:^ '• 27;") 2."il) i 2."iO I 2."iO I 2."iO ! 2."iO 2."iO 2. "ill 2. "ill 2."ill 2."iO \ 2">0 1 2."iO 2."ill 2.")ll 2. "ill 2. "ill 2. "ill 2."ill 2.">0 27."i 2Vl' 2."ill ' 2."iO 2. "ill 2."iO 2."iO 2."iO 2. "ill 2."ill 2."iO 2."iO 2."ill 2.")0 2."iO 2."ill ; 2.")0 2.'.0 2."i() 2.M1 2.")0 2."il) 2."iO 2."iO 2."iO 2.">0 II.-. Hill 110 no UK) 100 100 HHI 100 1111) 100 100 )IH) \ IIM) ; IIHI I 100 100 11)11 : 0.') 0."i 1 l."l 0."i I 0.^ ' lOS IDs 0."i 0."i 0.') 0."i 0."i 0."i 0."i .S.I S."i S."i .S.") 0."i 0.") 0.') O.'i 0.". 0."i 0."i 0."i '.l."l 0."i 0.") II.-. l."lO iri."i lii."i l."iO l.".ll l."lll l."lO l."lll 01100111 1 ."l."l 1 ."l."l l."..l l."l."l 1 ."l."l 1 .",.". 1 ."l."l I ."l."! lli."l Hi.". 111.". Hi.". Hi."> Hi.". I."..". 1."..". I ."..". 1."..". ! ."..". 1 ."i."i 1 ."..-. 1 .j.'> 1.-..". 1."..". 1 ."..". liisii:ii) |s70lli 2211)110 IS T^ i'i'>- -Mif !».■! I AlU.i: WM Observations of Gas Calorimeter and Coal Weighed ■|'n:il 1)1 \(i. I |Hc),iiicci' uilh \(]. :;ip ciial. Dale. Miiirli s:,ii(l!». I'.HH*. '|'ii,-i| nunilrr :;■_'. ()l)M'rv(M-s: .1 S. Caiiicrnii and <;. Isillaiii. NiiiKs. liij',-.' caldiiiiicti'r ii>ci|. '■ii- < 111., \\;,if !■ I, nil. c. r. I! r.i liriK I'- 1!. Ii.'ir •'(■111. cil I" >; SI''!- u,-ili r c-iili. II Inli'i lliitl.i i;, ~ lll-r '1 I'll .■)V '1 .'ill .VI 111 _'ll liii 1 :; III ."ill 111! II .11 ."I'.l 1 1 III unl.vlilril ( '.■iii.nlii..ti .' !■ 'ii^i II .■.-. IMii ."i.."i, 111 117 l^^l| ."iii."> iiii;.' |ii.;ii '■'■ii."i 1 1 it'.i iriii iiij. 1 liii'.i I 1. 1 111 17711 1 1 1 1 . I I 11 II I ■J :.'!) 111 1 :! 11 L'.'. 2 .'ii 1 f.l 1 :i r.i-s 1 -.'ii l>L' 11 .".■> 1 .Ml r.j 1 ■J ll-.U _' 'II \:: r,.."i.", .' ."'II • 1-711 :; 'jii ii;> ll.|iii ;! ."ill til 7.|.-, 1 jii 111 1 :i 7 .-.1 1 .",!1 liii II '.1.", ."l -11 li.'i 7 Nil , .'il (i.l 7 ."ill 111 ^ _'i I 111 ^ ."ill Ii:; 'I jn ii:; '.I .",11 (l:i III J'l II.! Ill ."ill ii:i 11 .'II il:{ 11 ."ill 111 ii.iii. IL' -.'11 (14 12 "ill ii:i 1 20 (i:i I ."ill ii:i L' '.'11 (i:i J ."ill •;:! :i I'll (u 'i ."ill (il I 'Jii (i:i I III •ij ."i ."ill m I J .1 IL' 7 IJ 1 J s.'is S.nj '. I . : ;.". '.I :;7 !••:'._' 11 12 !i 17 i(.N_i 111. 11' 10- 2.-! 12 '111 I7'.iii II .",1 I III 111 III.". I 7 1 1 1 llil^i lillii l.->.7l lll.-.ii i:; 2!i l->:;ii 11-^2 177(1 I:: (111 I7:;ii lii'i. I |:M12 l•^2ll 1 1 111. '.I |:;.|il liiiiii |ii|..~i 111-77 I77II 1111-2 l:i-|N 17711 lll-l II 12-11^ Is7ii !i."i 2 II l."i il:; 17:;.", nil (1 Hi. 17 i7.",ii mill l;t 21 I72.-I Mil.-, III III liliiii 111711 111 11 I7'.iii lllii 2ii:i:; l^:;(i |:;l;.^ 17 12 imiii 111.", 2 Is-liii li-'.i", 127 I lll.'.IS lllllll !!.",. V 211 II.", 1112.", 1211 II I7.:i'.l 17.",.-, !K r s 211 ."»n .",11 s 211 II s .",11 ■_*."i 7." s .-,1 1 N 'III,, 1.1 2'1 L*"t Inn II 211 !i| :; '.1 III L'-*) 1 2.", M 111 1 1 12 . 1 . . 11 .-,."1 2.", 1 .-,( 1 i| .-|.-| <. 1 1 1 l.-i • 2 III 211 J,-, 17.", l:il-7 ' , 111 .",11 -•"■ 21 11 1 III ."ill 1 11^-7 , , . II 11 11", 1.", .-,11 -'-'■"' 1 1 1", II :;.", 2.", :;iiii 1 1 1 1 II 1 .", . 12 • 1.", 2.", ::".", 12 11.", Hn-i) , . 12 i."i 2-"i :;-,ii 1.", 12 It "l ■ 1 ... 1 II.", .",11 Inn 1 11.-, 1 22 ■ ^ * 1 1 ■ - . 1 1 ., _.) i_. , 1 1., 117 1 .. l:;ii..", - in -■' ! ,-,i 1 . . 2 I ., . ., .,2."i 2 I'l •' .",11 .",11 .11 .) : ; . ."ii 1 .-, n.". -- il.Ml 1 .-,11 11 11.", .-,11 7nn .-, 11.", 7 Ill .-,11 7. "ill 7 111 s 111 .",11 Mill N in ,., ^7.-, V :;n II III .",11 '. >■ '.", to ."ill .",11 tl7."i In .",11 Ii III ."ill 1112-") !l 111 12 Hiiin in. 22 I7MI i:iii.ir 7..-i'.i l(|.7n liinn l:is. | r-2n 1 Mil lillil 1112. !l 7-(»2 i:! 117 Ill^iO l(l,j-() 7IIM I|.s| l(;,-)0 121-11 Tin 1171 1(121) lis 1 li-27 1 (■•I7 Uilll 121 -.■) 7- Is 11-71 Ili7n 11."). H 7.:!1 12. s.-) IsiMl !l|-,">- 7-'2(l 12- ss l •)-7i i:i-:i(i in 1 22-", •1 2.') .■.•) M2.-) 7 20 i'.-) 11.J0 III 1 ."ill -,(1 1 27.-, ; .-|ii 1 in ."ill i:!2.-, 1 in '• in ■-(1 • ;■ ~ ~ .-. Ill . ', lu •) 2.' After coiiliMi; 1111(1 |)iiUin(?. • hrl ore CO iiii!.' .-Vftcr ciialiiii; . WB-iym ^' ^KfTSPTi TAKI.i: \\\ll Observations of Temperatures and Pressures Tniil Ni>. I |ii(»lurci' wiili Nil. :i(>n>al. Dull'. Mairli s:iii.l'.". I'.tlt'.l. 'rrial ii\iiiil»'r -o'J. ( )li-riAri-: .1 . S. < 'aiiirKMi ami < i. iMllain. 1 iiii|M ratuii- 111 rn--iirr. 1i„1m- (il wal.f i-lic- c.r M,i,.| i:\liMii-lrr I'm- <;a- limine i' ,1,1,, 1 at liiiiiii! •■■"iliiiL' ^••'- I"- i) ■lui.r ...illrl iii.i.r uairr , , , , "-'V"'' ''"';''' r- ,1,,, ,|,.,r ,|,..r ,|,..r (lul|,l Inlll dUtl.t lllirt |||1,.| (llltlll -^ I l' l" I. - am. .1 ~ 1 _ s 'JO s Jl 1 i>\ (in Id.i i ■ 7 7 ■ J 7 ■ 1 . 1 ■ J '.\ ■ 1 1 ■ J 1 1 ■ S .'.11 vld ii.'i .',ii 1 l:i {■(1 7 d 7 J 1(1 ."1 1-7 IJ 7:1 l.'l 1.1 Jll <.l ."I'l Md Mill ti.'i (■i."i ."iS (11 1 II 1 Id 1 1 (1(1 (is 7(1 11 II ;i- 1 ."1 - '. 1 ii-i.i 7(1 71 tI'i 1(1 Jll 7('id lis (IJ i:is ;• 1 ."i ■ A, "i ■ ."i 7 11 il "1 11-7 '_- lis 111 ."ill 7m 1 lill 1 1 J i:i(i ! i ■ ."i ,">■ s (id s ■ s 1- 1 1 1 7 1 1" II -.'Il vlli iKi (IJ 1 Id :mi ."> ■ 7 .'i • 1 1 ."iS J-7 d ■ ."1 -"i7 ■J ' 11 .Vl 7MI ii(i (11 i:i7 :M ."i ■ J ."i-!! 7 . s Ml 1 -7 , -1 ' - n III. _ 1 ■ i.'.jii ij "i ' sjd sill 7(1 711 (il (11 IJS rj7 :i.7 :mi (1(1 (i:i (is d "i Id :t 111-7 l-s ."1 - .'1 1 -s J - 1 711 l|S 1 •_"■ sd;l (ill li."l IJS :i 1 ."i ■ ."i •"i 7 7 ■ s :i :; d (1 711 II, 1 ."•! 7711 (is (IJ 1 HI :i • 1 Id is 7 - ."1 '.\- 1 1 - 1 ' lltl ■J .'1 ■J .'ill S.'ill SMI (17 •Mi l-d 1 11 II -1.1 1 I 71 7 1 711 :( .')ii s,-,d s."il 1 (i7 (i7 (l."l (i7 1 l."i l:{s ;i ■ J :|.(i .". 1 d' 1 .'i-d (1(1 Sll Id- 1 :f-7 l-s lis 1 II 7:i li't lis I Jll SI ill (i7 (ill 1 III :( (i ( 1 ■ ."i (1-7 111 , l-'.i 1 11 71 IIM 1 'ill s:id lis 711 i:is ;! :i ."i . ; 1 ."l ■ ."l 7. 1 ' III d-s d.'i llll .'i Jll ssn 71 (17 |:v.i ■A ■ ."i (1- J (1- 1 li. s ."1 A 1 1 (is til .') .'ill S."i( 1 71 (17 i:is :(■ 1 (11 (1-:! S.."l 17 II- s (I'.t li.i (i Jll Sjd 7d (id Hid ■A A ."i ■ A ."l ■ ."l s ■ 7 1 1 I-d II -1.1 7ii lili t) .'ill Sj( 1 lis (l."i ii;( A ■ ."■ (id (1- J s-s ; ."ll 1 -d .M -'ill 7 Jll 7 .■)! 1 s."id Slid (ill lid 111 (11 III 1 111 :{ . (1 :; . d (1- 1 (17 (1(1 (i'l.l !M1 ' (I-d . 11 ."1 1 (IS 1 11 IJ 7s lis 71 s Jll sill III (i:i 1 .") J :!■ 1 ."i 1 .'l(l 1.1 -J 1 .'1 J d-l.l .'ill *;' S .Ml Mill (i:i (i:! 1 II :i 1 .'i 7 .'l-l.l 7 . :i-s IMi ."1 1 .'ill .(1 SJd iVA d:{ i:id ;i(i 11(1 (1 s "1 - .") ."1 - ."1 1 -d 1.1 .ii '.1 .'ill 7sd •ij li:! i:iJ :mi ."i ■ ."> ."1.7 s (1 !■_' d.."i 1 II ."ill 1(1 J(l Sjd (ij Ill KiJ :!■ 1 (1. 1 (1:1 i|- 1 .'>■ 1 ■J-^ 1(1 ."ill S."il 1 (IJ d."i i:!:{ :mi (1(1 (is S- .'1 ;> IMi ■> I"" 111 1 1 Jll sill IVA (!."> Hill :mi (1 (1 (1 s 1.1 ■ 1.1 .'( ■ '. t 1 - 1 .I'l t'l 11 .'id sdd (11 d.") |:i.-i .Ml ."i ■ (1 7 - s 1 li d-s (.1 ■'' a. Ml. 1 J Jl 1 s;id (11 (11 1 :iJ :iJ .'i ■ ; ! .') ■ .') tl^ ."1 1 J (1 .".", ■Vj U .'id sdd (l.'l (il IMJ ' A- A .-. ■ :{ .*» ■ "l Id-d .') '.1 d-7 1 1 !■:! ."i-d .") ■ ."» 7 - s 7 -s 17 1-7 d-d II-.") titt 17 ,''i J .'id :i Jn sill std (1(1 (iti d.") I'm i i:id ; i:iJ HJ A- A ."i- 7 .-) 1 .". ■ ■! .'i-d 7(1 s-7 l-d .") - J d - ."• 7 .".V li.', :i "■:» SMI .17 t)t> : \M A- 1 lid (11 11- 1 ."l.S (Is (i 1 111 I Jll s.",d (17 d.') ' i:id A- 1 (1 (1 (11 !l. 1 (11 (1- 7 11 (1 ,',' l^ (1 Jd sKI sill (ii dl (II (IJ i:vj i:iJ III.") i:u i:: Calculations for Trial 32 Leading to Figures Given in Summaries of Observations and Results, pp. 86 to 90. //(■//( :i. Caloiilic \mIiii' III cdul ;i> cIkiil;!'!!. |)ci' pnniicl. This is iilitaiticil I'll ir II llrni I mikI iVuiii I he kiiiiwn Minnmil nl' iiini-tu re in thr ('(lal a> salii|plril ■li III III: I lie I rial ami i;ivi'n in Item .">. Ih in I, Caliirilii- \ aliii' (if iliy cnal per |miiiiii|. 'I'lii- was mi^aMiinl iliiccily in carh i-asc liy tlic rlicniiral -tall'. I'or .jrlails III' r(ial i-al(iriiii(ici incllnnU. >(■!■ I'aii 1 X . Ihin \'2'i. IlilLlicr ralniilic N'alllc III i;a,~ |iri iilliir I'mil 1)\ cali iii nicli'l la- nli-('i\i'il I . 'I'liis wa- laki'li ililcrlly csriN- :i(l ininiltcs iliililiL; llic I iial, li\ iiii'aiis III' a Uiiys' I'aliiriiiicirr. 'i'lic axi'iaiic ill lliis case was ||_' ^ JVIM'. |iim' riiliir I'duI at (■•) I', ami 1 ■ III wall'.'. Ill in IJ/i. Iliiihci- i'alii|-ifir \allic iil' Lias |irr riiliic t'lint liv (■alniiini'tiT i;;a- ili\' at till ami II • 7 IK-. |M'f -i|. inch, i The a\i'iaur |iir--iilc of i;a^ ami \'a|iiim' at (•aliiriiiictrr tni'lrr ua.- Iiaiu- liirllir • 1" iif walcf. • >lic inch nf walci' licili'j niiiiv alciil tulMl.iCI lli-. |iiT -i|, ill., thi' I I 1 |iivs>urr cif the i;a- ami \a]Miiii- at raliuiiiirtrr iiictcr ua- then Iti'iii I 1 ()():;iii II i;.". ■ ((ii:;!; i itiMi lli-. pn .s(|. in. I'rniii tills |ircssiiic \vc imi-t ilcihict llic |iirs,-iiiT nf water va|iiuir. in iinler til litnl the pressure nf the uas itself. I'|-(illl tallies (Kent's .Mechanieal JMI.iiineei-' I'ncket Hunk. Kil. I'.MII. p. |s|i we liml that the pre>siire nf -atiirateil water \apiiiir cnrri'spiimlinLr In n:; I', is O-.'ili inches nf meii-iiiy nr OL'7 I II i>. ]ier sq. in. Hence the ;ias pre-siire at calniilneler iiieler was IttiMi -JTl II- ir_' 111.-, per sip in. \iii| line ciiliie t'lint t)( ^a> al llll ami 117 llis. per sip in. Iiecmiies .VJl II -7! I I ■ — 1 tli'li ciiImc leet at tio ami 1 1 ■ 11 ill-, per -.1. ill, .'ij 1 II • 1 1 ' ' The hiiiher caliirilic value nf 1 cul'ic fnnt nf ;;a- ilry at lill aiiil ir7llis. per -ip in. is then item iJli IIJ s ■ I (IJti l|.-,.7 ii.T.r. Ill III i;i. I.iiwcr caliirilic \alue nf jzas per cuMc fnnt iilrvat IK) ami 11-7 II'-. per sip in. I l''r()iii nliservatinns it appears that in tliis test the heat iLiveii up l>>' I'liiMleiisatidii of steam fiirnieil liy the hyili'ny:en in 1 culiic fnnt nf stamlanl :;a- lat (i()° ami 1 1-7 llis. per sip in.i was!!'.' H.T.T. Ilie lower calorilic value is then Item !.'{ ^^ item \'S ' - Ileal correspiimliip.i to (•omlen>ation of sleain 11.V7 - !t-2 = IOC. .") u.T.r. Itiiii lit. Total w.'iter useil in sciiililier ami jras washer. I roin cxiicnnK'ni 'JIO lbs. of water jier hour were found to lie u.-eil , , the :;;i- uasht'i', hence ilurinir trial 210 X 21 .^ .■)7liO Ihs. were ilseil. I'rnm oliservatioii 2sssO Ihs. of water were useil in the wet scrulilier ile in^ n 'vi..M.i^im^^jL. Mmi/i: ^-^-^'-^^ -"^ ■^■^■.m..,^.^.- {Hi •2\ .'.'5 lirs. iif llic I liiil :iMil lii'iirc " .• -JsssO liOl.'id IKs. were usimI iltifiiii: tl will ill' trial. Tot;il \v:i1rr ii-cil ill L'ii- -cnililirr ami u :i.~licr, ihrriinri'. is Item I'.t ■■>7ii(t • :!ll|.".il ;!:i'.iHllli-. Itrifi :!1. Drv cnal cliai^'cii dunni: iiial. 'riii- i- fnuinl from the in'-, I wci'-'lit "I I'l'al llrnl. li'~s wrijrht iil' iiKiisI iii'c. ami i- ciual In Tciial rcial llrnl litem |i ■■ I 1 - miii>iuic |"'i' II'. ''"al [fnuii ilciii J = 1 l.".0 1 1 - dOJI' 1 11"| 11'^ //, ,„ :;_>. (■,. ;liii-iiMi' charuril (liiiiirj, liial. ■l'hi< 1- ln\m . iiinn tin' total wci-lil ol' I'oal liivil. ami ilir kmiuii fum]i' .- tidii nf the c.ial 1 Item "c ami i- i'.|iial to ' , lixftl cailioii '■ ' , \iilatilc mat lor 'Total roal firi'il '■' |,||) 1 i:,(i ■' •" ■ ' •'■'■ 1 1.-,() <{).'.(■_'(■, i;;i:; ii.s. it II I //./// :;:!. .\vciai;o iVll,!'. ot' cii'iiiio iliniir^ tiial. 'riii< i-^ I'oiiml a- lollow.-; - Wciik .lone on liiakc por miinilo ^ rlTii'livc loa'l on hiakc • ollVr';-,, ciiciimlViciici' (i| l.iako wliiM'l ic\ (ilutimis ji ■]■ minmr Item 2'-} =. JKlii J.'i • li-'Js ■' Item Jli ■■ iluiatioii III t rial ;'>■_'tll'.•'^ == l.").">..') ■' li._'^ ■, o-Soti ■ ■J I ■ tilt ^ ^:i:!.'.iMi fi. II).-. s;i:!.")i)(» "'••"" ''"■'"• :!:in.in -''■- Ih 1,1 :!l. AvciaLiv imlicatc.l hi,i>r-|Hi\vci of (■ir.:im' iliiiim; trial. '\'\\\r- i> foiiml from tlio work ilono on ])isioii |icr miiiun' area pi-iMii mean rffertive pri--inv on pi.-ton ,< stroke "■' mimlier of e\pliisiiins per iniiniir Item Jl -. 1 i:! ■■ Item L'7 ■ 1 -tititi ilnr.'itioti of trial Heme i.lI.P i:!_'ii(Hi ;;:!iH)() IIMi linn '■'>'>. Taken from ammeter ami vollmeiei- readini;.- on llie i: -'- - (Iriviim the exhauster an.l '^as wa-lier respeciively. ami ,i;iven in ileii:.- Jl hem:;.") - Item-JI '- Item 22 = 2-."> -'- l-o . 1.0 //(■//( oil. .\ver.a.ire H.ll.l'. InuI liccn wa^ii'.l til '(Pii;;!! llir rclicl' valve. Fti'iii :i7 umiid iia\r liccii t'uMiiil a- lnlliiwS: cljnii-iiiL; :i :>(Mii"l I'T at lca-1 an Ihmii-. •liiiiiiL; wliicli the fni;inc liail laLrn all tlic'ja- iii(i(lui-('il, tlic niclci- fcailinn- 5:i\t' llciii lil, na- (a- inriiMvil i -ii|i|ilif.| in friu'inc pi'i' liiiiii-; ami Item .")(l [s^as (iliv at (id' and ll-Tlli-. pri' sc|. inrhi -u|)|ili('il lucniiinc |ii'i- liiiiii] can lie calcnlatcil iVoni Ftcni I'.i in tin' niannci' cxplaincil Ik'Iiiu. In a similar inannri- Item- 17 ami l^ ..ir hinn«l. 'I'Iu'm assinniim' lln' ^a- i-nn-nnipiiwn pre B.ll.l' per limu' lo icinain cnn-ianl dinin;; ilic ti'ial. //. A\riai;i' IMl.i'. (■(iiiv-pnnilinL; in Inial i;as piiMlucril. Itrni :>i'> llrni Is lii'ni .■>(! H.II.I' while ;;a.- rnn-unipi am i>l eiiLLine \va- taken liital L;a> Iniiii^lie'l Ky pm- iliicef pel' ImiM- Has per lli'iil' supplied while edll-umptinn "i eliLline wa- taken //(/// nS.. Average U.ll.l'. em ii'-pnndimr in Inlal '.ia^ prndueeil ;i||,l a\ailal)le lor i)iil-ide iile tn -iipply an amniiiit nl' pdwer lepie^cnled teiii .|S item .1.) n this item mi alldwance i- made tor peuer ei|;ii\-alen! in steam ii-ed li\ preiuicer. //( III '.V.K ( 'iial rhai ;;ed ihi 1 Item :\'.\ pel lliilir. Item I Ul'al loll III I rial linn III. i)r\' coal chaiLied per hour. lli'iii III Ilein:',! diiial ion III 1 ri.'il II' in II. ('iiiiilnist il lie chariicd per lioiii 1 loll II." (ill. I Item II Item :VJ duration ol t rial <» 11k. Ill in 12. Coal cliar;:ed per .-i|iiare I'ool ol' I'uel lied per lioiir Item l-_' It em .{'.I IK). ero~< ^ri-^ ion ol' pfoducer Id 111 the same wav Items l.'i and I I are toimd I'rotu Items 1(1 and 11. linn :iu\iliarie: Coal i! (as cliar;:eiii p(u- hour eipmalent to power us Item '4.') .liives liie amount oi pnwer used lor auxiliaries. It thisjiower had heeii funiisheil hy the laij^itie, the eorre^pondiiiir amount of coal ciarjjeil v^'iuld have been mmt m i l I mi l Its '"'"' ■'" I, llclli |.> • llflll .>•) llclll -iT lid. I |.(i '.i.r, III-. Ilnil Hi. Ciial a- rliaiLiril qicr hciiii- i'i|ui\alclil In -train iHcil. Ilcjc il 1- a — Uliinl llial rac'll |iiiUll'l ul' .-Ifaill -ll|i|iliiMl In llir |iiiii|u, liri'ij- lUIKI U.'l'.r. Inv il- |iiimIii' li'iti. ami llial a Imilci- rtllnriicv ul lill i cent i- |iii--ilili'; lii'iii'i' llial I'ai'li |iiiuiiil nl -Icaiii nu ii'-|iiiiii|< in ihr r, KHIK -iiliU'liiili III an aiiiiiuiil nl mal wliii-c r.'ilinilic \alui' is or H;!)!) IV I', I ' (Mi 'I'lir-c a— uiiicil (•(iiiililiipii- riirir-iiiiinl Nearly In till' ;;ciicial iiiiL nl' -li lit al liiii-|)lH'lii' 1 1 II '.-sure t'iniii tVcil walrr at jNO I". We iiavc llii'ii Ciial |ii'l' llnllr riplivali'lll In -Irani ll-ril llilili Cal. \aluc nl' dial illrin '.i< Ills, sicain II i I llclll 1^ liniatinii III' I lia ■JiliU llilili -M ' i;;.v.'u III III 17. (la- ili.N' mclci 1 -ii|i|ilir.| liy |iin,|nrcr per liniii linn s T'.rJKI lli'in 11.1 III-. :;:;().• cni). I'l. ilnraiinii ni' inal -1 Ihiii Is. (ia- niry al (iU ami 11-7 His. per S(|. in > -upplicil liy pm. (luccr prr lionr. 'I'lic i:as passiii,i: llirnuL;li lln' mctci- was. nl cnnrsc. salni'atcil with w.-i'cr vapniir frniii llif -mililici- ami wa>lit r.aml iiiiilcr a mtal pivssun' sninr\M.:ii t:i-(-al('i- than tlial nl' the alninspUciv. 'I'liis pressure is llein II • lleni 17 The leinperatun' is frivcii liy Item 10. Siiiee 1" nf water cnri-espnmls In a pre—nre nf (l-dlitil IKs. per sq. iiicli. Mir tnial pres-ure ill the lias main al i he meter was Item 11 • II.IKKil ■ Ilein 17 IMin ■ ().():!(il ■ l-(i.' !1--<1'' His. per -i|. in. Tiie Jire-siire nl' -aluialeil walei- vapniir at a lemperatnre nl lii' I (Item 10) is ;iiven liy tallies ' a- (••lil7 inelies nf inercuiv nj- (I-:5I7 lli- i"' S(|. ill. lleiiee the pressure n\ llieilry<:as i- ll-M(i I>-:!I7 I I • I'''.' nr say 1 l-'iO His. pier sip in. 'riie i;as prnilnceil per liniir. il' al lni I . ami at a |ire-sure nf 1 1-70 H'-. p'" ll-."ii> ill. insleail nf ll-.")0. wniiM have a vnliiine .iliveli li\- Item 1< 1 l-7n [■'lirther, if the tempeiat tire hail lieeii (ilP V. {'>2l° alisnhite) ilisli (ill'' t.-)'J7^ alisniiitel the ■.nhime nf i;as per hmii- wniihl have lieeii 1 1.:)0 / :)_'i Item Is = Item i; 1 1-70 = ;i:iO-' V ■)0 ■ .)_M H-70 X ■)27 :j_'JO fill), ft. Kont'a .Mcdianical Knijinccrs' I'ookct Mciiik. 111. I'MM. p. 4sl. mi-^'m !Mt //(//) I'.t. <;a- 1 1 wa- laki'ii. y niclrri -u|i|illi'il hi iii;;iii(' |irr Imiu uhi'i' i-iiii-iiiii|il mn Tlii- is I", iilciilly iililailli'il I'luiii tlic Mii'li'r- ii'ailllii;- taken •lili mil; a |iri iml n wliicli till wImpIi' (pf I 111' Has |iiiMliir('i| wriil tollir I'li^ilii' Mii llii- rasi'thr ivli'ili' I rial lMa>' lir lakrii i aipl in lliis i rial i- I lie -ainr a- llnu 17. linn .'id. Is iilitailicil lidiii It' 111 I'.l liy r\aclly llir -am,' iiii'llniil as lliat iM(| ill ^.'cliiiif; Ili'rii Is iViiiii linii 17. lA'i'lcut ly in ilii- ra-r llcm .VI ;j.'ii cull. ft. Ill III ."il . ( '.iliiritic \alui' lit' iial rliar^i'il \»'i hmir. Iti'iii .'il llirii :!!) . Ili'iii :{ iio- 1 ■ |;i."i_'tt \i7iHi(t H. r I'. //(■//( ."I'J. Caiiirilii' \alii(' nl' j:a- |iri"lii('ril |ii'r Imiir. The I'MJiirilic vaiiir iit' uas as iiii'ii-iirril li\ tlic i-uldiiliii'Icr > Itnii l.'i nil Lia- liii-tcr. mi i|Uit(' tlic saiur as tlial (if liii' i;as as it |ias-i'~ tliriiU'j:li llic in; ai'niiint I if ililTi'i'i'iici's ill |iri'ssiiri' ami li'iii|M'raturi'. Item ."i'_' i- iln'ii'hiri'. t" I': iiliiainrij hdin the Has ihimIiu'ciI |ii'|' limir ri'ijiii'cii in lid ami \i-~ |iiiiiml^ |M'r si|, in. ( Item Isi ami its I'alinific viihii' i llriii ]'■>). Item ."rJ It. Ill Is ■ Item i:j ■ iSJi) ■ |0(i..'i :!l_',!t:ii) h.T.r. Tlic lower value is useil liec.-iUse tlie engine cviiau-ts at .-Ucli a liiiili telil pciature that mine of the heat jiiveii iiiit in ciimleii cull. II . I I -fi cull, ft . tl'lll .ill Item Is ;i_'_'0 Item II .Vi.'.l ■ Il • Il cull. ft. Ite in '>7. (ias (>lanilar([ comlitioiisj ('(iiisiimeil per I. II. I*, hour It em .)( =--= Item Is avera,H<' l.II.I'. ciirrespomliiiH to total u,as iiroilnceil teni .)/ :52_'0 ld.;{ Item :U Item :;;5 rtt.!* cuh ft MMM hill. .'iN IJT-T .nil. II. . I'l 11,- IhiH .'.» i-l;ili.|:il'l i'mH. Ill H'li- i fi ih-uiiir.l per It. II I'. Ii'>iir. lirn, I" :iJ.'n lien, :;i. ' .''i ■-' //, ,„ .'I't . licin ■">■_' llclll '.il lliiii til ■.'sslUII L'NsKHI s 17(10(1 . i.".()()00 IM'iTUdO ■-= ();{() llcm ii.") 'I liiirnal I'tlli h ucy i.f cii^iiiif lia-ii| mi It.li.I' 'i'lii- i< lalsii I a- tlic lal. \\M,k rir at t lie -lial'i "I iimiiii' [n ■ Ml, 1.1 call/ I ilii- \ alilf III i;u.-i Miplilirii per I Hllll ilMKI < (id :!IHHI DO "7"> :;i.'!t:!ii <).|s7 Ih HI (H . Uvir all ill Till- I- I Ural ii'ii'iir_\ III iHiMJiim- aii'i (■li'jiiii' lila'il . II' rat III 1 III |v-|in|i.|i|r^ III u llril r\|M'lli|l'll II I' ■J.mJ '■• :i;t(HMi ■: nd ii».!Hin r^ • l.i.'c'n •; IK). I I,:;;, immi Iti'lii •it' lati i'\ iili'iiliy ai-u lie Imiliil a- tin- |i|i.iii|.l of III t..' ami li.i It- !_' tl. |n7 III III (17. ( 'aliililir \ alil II-07S I' 111 '^A - Ml|.|iliri| li, cliLlillc |iil I'l 11 r. |,ci h lii-^ i- r\ i.lriil Iv lliii III M, i: III III .1. == r_'7.7 Hit. - i.iiiiM) 11 ir II ■_".•: ill Ittiui'iS. Cahiril 11- \ alilc 111 I iial rliai unl ii hrtii "il N|7(IIMt iiii |i|iii|i|i-i I |.ii I!. 11 I' I'lT hoi. llrll ;.M.-.ii Ii r.i' //i//Hi!», 'I'lir Ii- lliv- III lilii- till will l)|i I'l'-iirrt i\rlv II Ill-Ill It) Item 11 .1 ill i;ti. I I'l.ii cr L'-I(t il an II)-. Ilcti 7tl. 'I'lir niai rliar^vil miit aincil I|.;t7tl nl' it- wriulit iil' dry coal aihl li'!t-'f' ol it> \vcii;lit 111' (■Diiiliu-iililr I lifiii- ■_' ainl ."■ , liriiiT I iir itrni> in line 70 \Vl". lie l('-|iri-|i\('ly 111). 1 (ill. I:jl.!l7t, i;o. 1 • ().!)-_>li ■21.-J 21.^ '""' 21.J iir '.'.s.") •_'.7s ami J-tW \\,<. Iliiii 71. Tlic ciial per limir ilirlililiim' llial ciiuisalriil Id .-team usi-'d is 1 1 -1 IHiilliiU. Iinici' ihc liciiis ill liiir 71 will 111' it'spcclivi'ly 71.."> 71 •.")X'0-!»7(i 71-.")X0.H'_>G •I'ld -l--.' lii-L' ■_>l.'_> "f •''•:>7 ;!.2;i and :M'_' lli-. .^^ inj l!l MMils- '>\ i;\- l'l!.>l>. I " llll \l,- \M> I'lll II! 1(1 l.l>. \ \l.ll d ( (»Al,- I ' : •■ x- i'i(>'i'i I I li umiK \ tud uhM li uivr- - ,11-1 . ■'■ V ri'Mill- uImii i>uilil uimIc i a -li .ilii i".i i, II, ,1 iicr,.-:uil\ -II -iiilal I' 'J-.i- |iriM|u.-.T |,iii |h,...., I'lir (■.■.. i|,,i- \aliir ol :i icmI wiini 11 il ili a >v :i- |,ii..|iirri will ' l,'|>''ll'l .,.. The Ili'Ml rl'l, irl,,-\ i.i I .. iL' ill 'll'' | M'" luii 'I . "I 'I'^'l |'1..|m,iI ,,|- ill,. Iii-il vajili- 1 II.- r.ial - 'm ^ . l"' ul'lailinl 111 ihr ^- • 1 n imIii. r. I ,/,, I'll, . mill,, iliii: 111 . .^:,.. ;,|,,| ill.' -i|il..l.ilii\ ■■Ml,,' -a- niiiin.' .-<•, a- .M.lrii.-.-.. ' - -i, |r. 'Mi .In -■ ami tar air I it- r i|,,i , ,,■ \aiiH' i, I'll,' am. .mil .1 la. . i :,, l,;m.|li' i li.' .-.lal aii.l n-iihiii- i.-tn aii'l 1.1 Will k ill'' III"' HI iIk' I 'ill. ,,/:. TIh' .-..-i ,iI ill.' I'.i: . I'll I 'I ' I' ...lii.'fi'li.iu-.'. Til. i.'-iih- ..t III.' in 1- ' ■'■■■I .in, all. .11 ! ulii,l, ,1, ,.{.mi.ili aia\ I..' I.. till.', I a • ''' i"'!"- '"' ''■'''■ "" ' " " nr\i,iM ,\i;ll 111.' I..111II1 ,li.'l'.'lm.', ..lil\ I..' "f u-,' I,, !,,' ira.l. r ill jii.L'ilii; ..I lit-' .|a 1. "I 'i' |.t..,lii.'.'i 'Mifk v.li.'ti tli.'V ■;,■ tak.'ii Ml .■..iin.'M.iii v^illi ...1 't .Itil ll"- I''"''' "' '■"■'' ■""' ''"■ '■"■' "' lal..iiir at I lie jila.', w li.'f.' 1' . in'i. '■ ' 'i 'li.li'.'l iiiiUMisr \\l ,,.Mlll|..N "I '\l^ WIIIA ll-IM> 'I'lic li.'.' till. 'Ill 1.1' 111.' V ,11.111- ..laU l..'l"i" 'l.'iivi'iv I., th.' |,;,„lii.'i'r li,, ;- |. liiv.'ti Ml , oil. mil .-.. Talilc WXIII. Ill ■^.■im-imI it mav I,,- •.ai.llliai ,11, •.,] wa- |.a--.'.l over a '," -,'|. . •■ li.l.iK' 11-. m lln' pi n- lui'.'r. >" 't':'' t-, .sU ail,' ,! 1-1 w.Mv 11. .1 u-.'.l. •ilii- .!<.<'- 11. 'I a|.|ilv t,. 111.' aiillira.'it. iN" -'- M . wiiii'h wa-. a iiuMui.' n\ I- .kulii'al an, I ji.'a -1/.'-. .ir l" tlii' ...al 11-.', I m ;!,• I w.i 1.111}; trial.-. \"- Hi.'ili't I-'. \.i wa.-lic.l .'..al ua- l.'>li'.l m tin' i:a> |,|.„|ii.'. 1 a- ilaiv ■■ 1 """ •■ ria' iu'tili.ati.iii I'. If -11. -I- an cxjM'riiii.ii I . f.i:^ l-,|{ \L Kl.-i I.I-' ■rii('li'a.liiiutij;iiicsi.t'tli<'wli.>lf->'ri'-.'l"'>i-«illl"''''"""l iu'l'al'l.' \ \ '^ ^ 1 1 :Siimmaiy ISc.-.inl ..l'!! I,.' milr.l. th.'ivt'.if.', that 11..1 all lit.' .'.lals lii.-.l un,|, 1 ilic li.iil.'i- w.'iv "i 111 i|„.i)i',,.|m'.'i. iuilunat.'l;. . sulli. icnt nl' n.'arly all lli.' Ifznii.'s ua> ;i\ ; r,!, 1,1 all,,u .'fa laiiU riiiii|ii(t.' -. rit'^ ,.l';;'i- pin.ln.'.'i i.'>t> I'.-m:; tna.l.' vm'! '' ■-■ fuels. Til,' I,. marks in I'aii \il .m lli.' Liin.'ial .•..iii|i,.siii,,ii uf llrc.a a, II ' .-.,',. |';iit \ 11 lal'l,' 1\'. • .--I'l' I). ■'-. m\ ri ir l:r i' iil « li •^ihi; cil' I lie IMii'l |l|il.|l|i-.|, ;,» Jl|i|^,,| |,\ til ll:ili' I. Hit III rli .• I il;ill\ hiiiiil [111 liMiir |>ci -i| |.ruli|lf.l\ .|ii| llol iM'C.il .il,,.!!! |l, |„,i|||,|~ |„-| I, '•' ;'IIV "I' llir l.lllinilliiill- i..:il- l,-ti'.| llr^lin- llL;li|r- l| ailKHUlt Ml 11 II. .11 .,| || H' |.|ll.|(|.l'|-. .111.' l-iv- I. II II ,n:,\ rluir.l,,! 111!,, l|„ |,|,„| III |.rl .jllaii' l.i..t 111 l| Kill Mil- 111. 11.11 l.l'l 111. Ill, I II . I.'ll 111 lll.lll \ ■' '!"• 'ii.il- II ^^ I"' f. nii.l tln.l ..uiii:: i., .lillicitx i„ ,m,iNi„ i|„. ,.,,.,| III-. II ' "li-hli'ial.l.- .|i|;iiilit\ |, :,--.■, I ii.i nil- ...I i-.i'.|iii III ii.'i'i--.|i \ i,,i |'..k """"-'i '"■ I" "II"'-' l'iir'i;,ll\ uii,,,i,-iiiii, ,| Willi ,|„. i|.,.,i,,,., |,|._,|„. ■Il"'' "I .ml. 11-11. Ill, ll|, I,, .»ll |l..l;|l,|- |„ I I i.'i I. ;ii|i..| uiiImhiI l|,.l|l.i, iVnIli .llllkl 'III' ji'i -.|il;iii- li.iit w,., ir. ill Il u ,-.i.Hlv,||,,.,,.,i,.,,,, ,.|..-,i„|.,i,.l, ,.„l;,l ;, n,l.-,|tli,;.i,| l,,..||;il,i,. "• ""-""■ '" 'I' -"'"I' -l" II I!. IV, Il„. ,.,l.ill.. I,..ll:,. ..:,-iiv .,i|,:,l,|,. .'! uiMli;: III It. 11 I', uitli L:;i-,,|-.„iri,i,.,|,ly lii:;!, ,;,l,,ii||,. \;,|i„. U,,|, ,„^,„, .-■ th.' .-.laN. l,..u..N,r, it u,-,- lilli, I iiii|„,-ll.l,. 1,1 ,„:,k,. -mji,.!,.,,, K , j. Ii u:,- "'''"■ 'I'l'i'i'' •■'I'i"' '"" iiiiii'li II" niil.l.' ilii- ,i\'.-i';ii:.. |„,u,.r i,, I,.. ,|,.v,.|,,|",,|' ■""'.i' '"'" '"' -'■' '' '''•'' "liil'' III" i\.'l;i^,- 15.11, 1'. l|,l.,.i..|, tli,. >\ |„„,r- u:,, 11- lii'^li ,1- .!l.s in .,.„ Mill, in ,.t|„ I- it I..II i|. |,,u .■,< J.;.v It i- |.;-mI,.,M.. '•' ' ''"l" III llil'l- '"lll'l i.IlM' Im.'II II1;1.|.' Uilll l,l;m\ ,,M|„ -;,||,|,|,,, ;, „|, ,,...| ■"'"■'-'' I'""' ""il'l l'''^' I'l'-'ii iii:iiiiiiiiiH-.l y■'^U lli.'iii, .-111,1 -,, ,,1 ;, liinj,,.,. ^""'I'l'ii''- iiiiii nii,-il.,!ii i„,.A. ru,.|„.ial,.|. In -,,ii,,. iru ci,-, - ii .,v:,- "^'.''"''""1 'I' H pill '.Mil.' I liH, i'in,.|,|,i'l,,:iv,,i,|,.M,,„i,,.|,,„il,|, ... ilniL.'i'. The I'-Mih, till,, iii.li,.;,,,, ,1,;,, „iti, „„,,, C;,,,,,,^,,,, ,,,,,!, |,,.„i,„., -liMu!,, iT.-.'i^.'a v.'i'vr,,!,-, lAaii^, I'al ii^. ;,t,.h |i.,| :il„„„ |,-,| ,„l - [..i' -,|u:,i,. '""'"'''''"'' ■'"' iK'l'iii'Hl'i- a la!.'.if,.„iil,u-M.,ii ulii, li-l„,i,|,| ,„„ |„.,,v,,,,i,,,| ni.-iiina1.'-,l ili.'|,;,,l,:,l,l,.,.,,n,,n,i,„,-,„n|,ui f,,,;, |,f,„|,„,.,. ,,, ., ,_,,,,.., .i„. '' ^^'" '"■ ""'''I 'I'''- 111'- III III! ..I M,.:,iii „-, ,1 ,„ ,11,,-, ,,,' ,;„. ,,;.,|- „,, ■ " I"' '" llllV'' Mill.'- 111.' ^^.';.i,l ,,l ,,,,',! ,'l,a,„.,| ( ), ,.,„,,.,. ,,„|,. ^, ,„,,,,',,„ '" ^iii--"'iiliiVMi-'li'i |."-"l :.;- Ill, l,„'l,,,'„| ,|„. ',.,iiaiii,|..,', 1,. !.,'.'|,in, lli.- !"■'"''""' Ii'tiip. laliii'i' l.iu, ;■ 'iiMii u,,iil,| ,,ili,|'\vi-, lia\.' lu.-n lli,- .-.i..., ,,,„- "■''"""' '■"'"• -"iii''"lii" III '. I'.i'i'.nia',:. ..I .'ail„,ii .lii.'.i.lc in i,„. ,,.,'iltin,' :;a-,:,li.|a,',',,lil,l,',|t,, ,.,.,',.|i .^Ln, l,„' , |„. |,,^, |,i',„lu.'.'t' .'lli.i.'n.i,- .ni .,in,.,r ""■'■■"-'■ •'"""ll'l "! -I''i'ii ■ . I.., u. "-,',, i-.',| |„n'|,.,-,.K l„.,'a„-.' ,, u i-t.'lt "'" '■•"'ll"""l~ "1" lali..! ,.y 1., I,,' .,1,1:, ill,.,! il' ,1,,.,, i, ,„, „,,„„,, ,,.,,,,,,1,, It'll ■ ■ iillkl'l' \\,'l- ill.. til-M r,i||-i i;a- niil-l Ii:' :i -|.|.| V:iliii' ,.| I'i'iiill'.' ill liali.lliin; tl .li-i.|.'i'alh.n. r..iii|,:ii. :1 I,, wliii'li liimi "aliii'ili, ii:'l:i I \ in:i' t. I.' .'...'lU Ml. 1-1 lit' • II,. a.iv,.nmlN,lunn, 12.,rTaia..XXXIIlM-. U,nH.,v. HHl.^ , liv llic lollian. .>.n. a~h an,l n.ius... ilKH, was ,lu. ..as., a. .!.. 1..^-^^^^ ,,, ,■„„, ,,„.l is ,hu^ l.nrn, .Inwu ,o.. n,u,.l., 11... a,.,.a.vnl Hl„.>..u..> u H " ;.^. :;,,,,,,,..,..,,,,.,,ns„„^,ti,.n,...l..v.Mn,.,.lh......alln....l.s..n^^ . ,:;.i„ ..,w.va1...1 .as whi,.h was n.allv .,l.,anu.,l by ,n,|,ov..n~ un. H,. „ , Za ~'M ,h.. .-..v..,-.,. u.av hav.. l,a,,....u..l. an-l tl... appaivn, ..llw.-.n.y :. l„.|;,w..,Mhaulh..n.al, VariannM in a,.|.nvn1 ..m.-u.n.v tn>. ■ <:-^-' ■ - ,.vi,l..nllv,u...unt...xiouwitl>th...>a1un...tlh..tn..lus..,l. (/.I ■ Uv innr.. ..r l..ss .■.,ntiuu..us vv,.rkiu^ ui ila- ^ral... ,,ukm^. .-v 'li- ,1. •oiilaiuiii.^ an nmlu.' propi.tiK'n .it .-ail" ,.,„„,,„,,,„ „,, ,... pass..,l thn.n,!. ll... .....lu....,-. 1 ns -'->-" ' ;' „i„,, ,„, 11,.. „...at..,. part .>f its v„lat.le .-.nu.us, ,1.1.. ..„n.-t n a..n,. • , ;',,,..., l.vtlu.a.l.Uti.m ,,nn.>lMu..lJn .hi- .-..n^.n,,..: ,„a a..tuallv ..tili«..l f.M- j:as-^...,...-ati..n .lu.ini: tl... san... ,....•....!. n„. „.;,,...i,v tor this ,li-t...-l.an.... -f tl,-. ru..l l.-.l, an.l .•on~..,|U..n1 ua-'. kini; an.l a of fn..l .nav a.iM' .'itl....- lV...n tl... nalinv .'f th.' ....a!. wI...m. .'a ,,,„liti; s wlu.n l,..a....l l.av.. ..a..s,.,l l.an.in. of ,1,.. tu.'l lav...-s. ,r s„n, ^ ..: ,L „„all si... ...•in.pn,,....- .!.-... .-I'l-l.-'U-.-. ..,.,..■ .t_ .s ,anlK p, ;Li,,l.. t.. ..tili... tl... ....nlmstil-l.. vain., -f .vtu.. .vn„.v..,l .In.-.n. tl... u.Hon: ;,nh.. p.-o.h......-.' tl... .■tT<...t in ..itl....- .-a^ i> t„ l,.w..,. tl... ..(I,..u.n..y. „, \ ,hir,l s„um. ..f ..in..' i.. tl..' ..xp..|.in...nlal .■..s..h> .s .!.... t,. .In : .• tint tl... P.-...1........ ...^.v I'^'V.. 1....... in.l..-..p..|'ly ^v'"■l<'■'l. >"."''' " '^ '",'1 ' ob,......'ain.with...,.....-tw.,t,ial<....lv. tha, th..w,,,lu,.,...m.l..n... .uit...l t.. ..a..l. ia.ti..nla,. .'..al hav.- 1....... a..t..ally attan...,l. A, ; .• HIi.i,.n..i..s will. tl....-..t...v, i.. n...sl .'as... 1... t.,.. luw l...... this .'ans.. aK.. j„ ..,,1,, ,.. ill..>t,.a1.. this asp...., ..r tl... s..n..< ..f fials, Tahl.. \ \n ,.-n,p..,-ti....of. l.,>>til,l..in,...alJn,...f..s..au,h.u..mt..,.,su,p,...,un.:...^^^ ,,nnal)l,a>h......,..vi...:v.l,a,.,lwillh.M...u.,l..,-...l.n..>..n..x...n.U^.H-^^ ,„,,v.n.. th.. tria. n.M.lts. F..,. ..xan.pl... .t app..a.'s t.'..... lal.l.. WXI .. ;,. ,;i,d:.'l i:! 1... :5s, an.l 11 the '-..i-'"'^ "' ^'"' I"-"'''"''"' ^^ "'" '''•"."■ ,,,,.,„U..fth..t;ialha,l.M,lyf.'..-n:^Op.M.,.....tt.,.inp..........t..t.l...p. -- of ,..,n.l...stihl.. whi..h was ...-i^h.ally .■„..tain...l n. th- .•...! as_d,a.j:...l • n ,:- „„ ..v...a..- valu.. ..f this ,-ati.. f..r all th.- t.-.als was alnrnt .1 p... ■■.■..; 1 ;• fu,.l 1....1.' th..n. at tl... cn.l ..f th.- f.sts ..>.nn...|al.-l al..r>., ^^as :. :■..■. " ''T;x....pt for hankins fires at niRl.t, as i„ ,1... s,H.cial trials l.i a...' .^. m^M 3 ■O •0 c s L «<' > ui ■ 3 L «* !;* c r / •■: 71 — / lU.I i -•-./■.- \ ~ / ■ — / I - / I - ?■: t — - I : ~ "-' - 1' !-i '- ~ i •; ' L; '.r ^ = * — — : — * —'• — — '-*'"*•" — -*'"••: t* -^ »- I - 1'- 1'- 1 . > r / I - I- 7 1 - / r 7 y 7 '/ / / / / / • — /: — /:• I - I- r; I -/-.-; •- / t- M I- rt x IOC. ,„„„. i„ ,.,„nl.i.Mil.lc, inai.'Mlm- lluit it wms partiMly Imnit out an,l r,„. ,,in..,l i..~- n,inl.ustit.l.. thansl.nuiaiu.v,. t,<...ntlM. ra-r: 'Iw fu..l .uUMnn! ,ion>l^iv..nu(-olunms:5tian,l;i7.TMl.l.'XX\lllM..ril,..n.al.u-.Mn,,l,,.- triaN (r(.al< No-. -'. I •• -'''■ -•'"■ •""' -■' ^' ' ^iv. llinvlon, i.lol.ahly to,, 1,. ,.„;i ,1,, Hfiri,..wi..s too l,i.l,. It is. of .oufH.. l.ossil.l,. ti,at ll,w nnpov,.,.- m.Mit oftl.rfuc.l \>vA liiavaKn liavr ...•cunv.l it, huup olliiT tiMal- aii^l th i,. rlT.Tt inav l,av.. 1mm..i .iia~U..l l.x -«uu- otli.T ronaitiou ol ll.r tn rurtlMT it MTin^ likrlv lliat llir .•iruarnci.s -ivru for \Ur |.|o,|u.Tr tor tn.. '.. ■!, ;,. -ti -27 i:-;i7,:;7,a„.12()(Voal<:;.;.:;^. 1^. ^. 1". y2.-2iUn. : anil IS. are sotncwliat too low, lM.cau.ii-t ihlr. 1„ ,,,i:.in uthrr .-a-.- M'or inManr... trial ls..'oal -'■-'Mi a low dl,.-,. • wa~ ,,l>taimMl l-r.-au-.. a lar-c atiiount of rrfux' nrh ni ro.nlxiMil.lo wa~ |.a- • , ll,roU"l, thr i.ro,l.i.-r. Thi- i^ rvi.lciit on romparin- trial 1^ with triai .'., (Hia.lr with tho -a.nc roah. Th.-r illM aluv.- a.v all .liMM..,...! in .Irtail :: the f<,llowiiii: nolo-: Siu.v the arl.ial ronipoMtion of the furl l-.l at the roUinioiir,-,,,, , ,■ .. • uiv inrtirular trial i~ unknown, it i- in,iM,-Ml.lr to ..ivo thr rxa.-t aii.om,- •: \,][\rh thr roal rha.-nl >a< Jlivrn in Colunin :;i. Tahlr l\ i. Wa~ -rraO - „.,1. It will !)!■ of inlriv-l. Iiowi ini \alur of thi- ililfrl-rlirr. an l(-~ than thr amount really ron~un inquire what is thr prolul.lr iiiaxiniut (..-tiinatr i.f thi- can ea-ily he nuulr. I-,,,. 'X in, pie lakini: roal No. ;;f, Cl'rial ;i-'! for wliirh TJir lo- atnl ol,- tion shril^have alrea.lv l,ee„ uiven. w.. lin.l that thr rontmt.. ot thr ,,r..; ,., .„ ,|„.rn.l of thr trial rontainr.l 7;i.;l |,rr rent of ,o,nl,u~ti!)lr l,v u. .. whrira- thr original r,,al ,ont ailir. I '.f-' -f, | .rr ,-rnt . ■|lil- r,,rrr-|,..n.- ' ., ,.„i n.N.-,7. whrrra- i h,' .average Value (for all the tr^t^, ol thi- r.r ■ ' , coniliu-tiKlr in fur' !,i'(l at I'li'l ' , I'oinliU-tililr in roal rhal'lieil wa-ii-7'nearlv. .\ttheen.l of trial :i-'. li.i.-, |,o„n.N of furl aii.l a-li ue. > ,„',,ve,l r,,rre~pon.lin-. therrfoiv. to ,().7'.t:; ■, fitl.-.i .V-'7 1-un.N o, , ; ,;|,,,,^ iflhrfnrl hr.l a- thr he^innin- leel heell of l he -allie wer^h' :■ )|„^ iMi.l an.l if we a~-Uine that it -lioulil have r,,nt:iine.l 7--' per ren! . ; U ,.,,n,l,u-Ml,le valu,' of the roal a- rhal-e.|. it- r, ,n,l ,U-1 il ,le r,,ntent woi|K; :., 1„.,.„ ,i|.7-_> . (|.(,|-_'C, . (IH.M 111 p.'un.i- of r,,nil>n-Ml.le. I ln' ana - 'i' s:i I.Vj; 111, s;i pouial- of ronil.n-lihil'. rorre-i ''^ '" II. ,,._,,;'"'■'- ' of roal. 1„ thi- ra-. on thi' al,o\e a,-Uliiption> the coal chari;ra Woulil lir -■ :,- ,,,,,„,i„,,,„lariuallycon-unH-,ll.y about !M)pouna-,orth,.coalcon-uineo. l,e i 1 l.-)()-'.HIi i;llillp"illl'!^- The real rlliciency.in-teaa .,1 Wrllit: 12 | ^ ,v„uiathrnl.. l)-l-' '.';'" (Illsui.irly.anincrra-rofahoutHlp. . 1 .l( l( I . • , , ,,. . 1,. i' ,. r till. !,n,-t tint ■ 1 Tiie ai>o\e .■-iiliiate liavriz hern lluele !•■• -'M ,..,.,,. i, -..■eniM"'"''-^'''"'''"'''-'"'"''"''"'''"^ ''--''■'■" '"''"'"'"" '-••""''■"■ " s'um„'ti,m-astakenfron.Cohmm:U,..fTa!.le XXXII larenotlikrlytohri; : , ■IIIIIIIIJIIIIIII I''. I'i;is;ra?ii -lidwint l'i'"l t^JtlA^&&^ ^m: ■Bittiiahi ,<«iak^ 107 more than 7 to Id piT ■cut oii account of tlic l.iirni down or ovcrdiap^'d ic mil of tlic tc~l a- coni|iarcil witli tlic comli- conilition of the fuel IkmI at tl lion at ilic l)ci;innint Mc loUiT (jiauiani o f ri-. I'.l n urajiiiic form for |iiir|io>c> of coni- |>;iri-on tlic |i|-oi|iiccr i'Hii'icnric~ l)a~c,| on the coal cliar-c.l ami on the l( I'alorilic Value of the iras ucncratiMJ to Im' made hclwccn the coal chari;cil pel' H.II.I'. per I W ic uppenliaLirani cnalilc> a conipari-oii lour iM ih • dilfeiviit icre two tests have I iccn niaije wi th til lit of the t e same coa I, the I le h't^cr WO IS i;ivcil. HKi.\ii\i: Mi:!!ir or riii: For various reasons it has not been ihoiijihl advisahle t lc\ nnnil>er as a fiuiilc to the relative merit of tl hicer. llu chief iliHicnIi o assii;n any in- le \aiioiis coals tested in the ,v 111 assinninu such nunihcrs arising- f imccrtanity as to whether the best results were ohtained ii frniii the fact that one producer had to he used for all ihe liiiuniinous c, roin the 1 eacli case, and mie of which its lesimi was hi'lter suited than to o1 h. )Osl- thcic IS at ])resent no standard coal occupyiiin' the sa-iie well knowi 11 with rcjiard to jias producer work as is held by Welsh coal. Pocahontas llu )r (ieoi-fies Creek I'lirthi I I in connexion with boiler tests. Con iparisons. where made, niust, therefore, be nioie general in their nature than in the work nf Part \'ll,andit must al-o be borne in mind that 1 i;ivcii would have been considerablv liinher if tl iliiiic on a lai'se lie le economic results le Work could have been In th ■ I'ollowin- notes the coals are taken b\' 1 by iico^raphical groups, and e the reader t( II 1- liciicvcd iiiat the information ^iven is suihcient to enabl fi'i'iii an oi)iiiion as to the ditliculties of workiiii;- a jiiveii coal in the p as ucll as to its probable economic pei-fornuince in jirodiicer woi 1- Puller details as to the tests will 1 each coal wi whcic the ('oini)lcte II be W Jilcte l();cs and observation sheets are reproiiiiced for t 1 \ol. V, le whole !1:MAI!KS (IN CdAl.s \s AliK.wcii) ( iKi i( ;|!.\|MII(\I.I.V 15V CdAI, 1 ||:i.l)S ^vi)\i:v "U. FIKI.Ii, I M'l; nuiiroN ii>r\rv. N.J,. I "Ur uas producer trials were made on coals from tl ninii..ii Cial Co., and one trial le mines o| i'otia Mecl (li ii\cd carbon. ;5'J anp'iint- of asli. They uave :ii"'l the producer ellic coals coiiiaiiiiim from oO to lid per c.'nt \'ar\ im; to :<.'> p;>r cent of \olalile matter, ami s somewhat low in calorilic \-alue ■Mllllile: leiicy was rather low with the I). C. C 111 .account of tjr ■f v.. 1. Nori:. -All i|,,^ t i'■< of Hh. trial ilicai'li "i ihi-v rasr^. ■riic ru:,l- N,,.. 12 ali.l :i7 aiv lairlv .m\u,\.. f,,r |M,wr i.r.Mlucvr work; llu- .,tli,-r, invuiv cniiM.lcral.lc ialM,nr lu ii -ih pHHlucfr, ImiI w.iuM |.iiili:il.l\ .1.. Krllfrim :i hirii.-r -ciilr. I Aiti.i; WW Performance with Cape Breton Coals 1 „,,1 No. ■■»■' -i-' -^ ■'■ '- ,, , ll:nl.nui riialrii i;iiiiT\ ,. i','^ ;, "'-'"I" I"'"- i..r.(... I..C c. ".ecu ^,", " Vol;,,, I. „.,..,.,• ', ■■•r,.u :;:.i ■•^^ ^"''^ ■■■: [ . , . .-,.(1 1(1 <) i>..i 111 Miii-tuh- . -■ • ' ' ,al. v:,lu.- ..I .n.! .- ,l.,iur,| ^^^_^^^ ^^^^^^^^ |.^.^^^ i^^i^, |,,^,, (■;ii. v:iluf ol i;a- (lnu,.|i i".| rn:t:',-,.i.,n,.,;,.v '■ 0...0 ....us o-Hs:. ';:.;;^ " I;;' r... ,,..,. iu..|>.p,.H„., 11.. 2... .^^. J^^^^ ^-^^ I,;!' Avi-nmc intir\;il lict\M-cii |ihK ... , , .> i ... i : i , ,.|l„^,,, iioIi'omI'Ic troul.l.' >mM no troiil.li' noin.il.i,. h-i)iii :im,i ||„. lis II,-. i:<7 1l-, , '.». II.-. "" v..,y 1,1^1, ..i.Mlrn.1.- r„..,|. lau IM.IIll.U- I'l.lTll.Il— ill CClllilll.— 1 til.!.. til.lc tihli' I ,.,,,.,,1 coi.-i.liT- mv:,! .Ic:il s; 1 cUmI : not inucli Mn. i.n.l ■.. :tl,l,.;it ..i,,n,.n- ,il :illcii- Uttniticii. «...K:i;-- tc'iitiiiii liiiiiiiiT.ini tii.n. net f;iirly suit- l\ ■.■ M 11,'C.li.l. I.iit .-lioiilil xcrv fj.H.cl inl fur pn.- -uin.I'"' l.iit >lioul(l Ii:iV(m|..iw liirpn.- .luc.'r work pi.-lu. ..r have iloiic Letter .Iiic-.m »,,i k « 'k Letter i\\i.HM:» \M. I'K PT (i>\l, IIKl.H-^, V.>. One trial with i.-. .V (",.al('.i.. Fiivcriicss (■ouuty, two from iniiu'> .'f the Acadia ("oal ('■' nci oiic ire.in iiic Intel--. .iiK-.: i --.tt >", i .. -o.i ,...i...\ TlicM" arc hitimiiiious coal.> si>mi'w!iat liiiili in a.sh; tlic I'ort 11..- . -.:.' is latlK.r hiuh ill volatile matter, ami -ii.ix'ars the Ica.st suitable for pou -;.- ID!) wiirk. Cnal .\i>. :! i l)iuimiiiiii>l fi.lliiTy). lit -|'i'c of i\< !i>li, ;r;ivf the mo>t ^:iti~r:i(tni-v iv>iilt-. All lour roals wciv .M-ily worked in tlic |)ri(iliiccr. riir lii;htly too low. a- the liirl lird wa-i rich in cotnliu>tililc at llii- r|i,M> of ihc trial. .V repeat of tliis l(-t wonM have Keen made if -nllicient material h.id lu'cii availalile. ( »n I he whole, these co.aN ;;ave verv ijooil re-llll<. TAIll.i; WW I Performance with Inverness and Pictou Coals ( .«ll .\u. I •i-(ri|iliiiii I'or' MiMi.l Cmi."' I'll -larii. Main ~i'aiii, i-iilliiT.v. \ll.liiM c-iilljci\ . \f:iili-i colliciv IliilitiMiMil li\. \ca.|ia(M.il(-,,. A. ('.('.p. .V Ceal Cii,. .-^I.'llaii.iii. WC-lvillc. IllMriM— (11,. I'il'liil I'icloil IMI III !l I !t IJ'.tJII A-h ',- I-.'.; Mppi-liii-c ' , J s <':il valili'ipt ci'al a- char i:..l Mil' II till Oil vallli' ipf KM- (lipup'i'i I"i p-l|p. It. . U.T.|-. I in- I I'lo.lllcpT c'til'icllcv ii:i!K rn.,l|p,., Il.ll.l'. |KT(ir.ll.- .' 7S CiikHis; ()t cipul very IIiiIp- A viTai;(> interval U'tui'i'ti l"'Kiiii: L'J liuiir- 'iiiikcr nci troiiMi' T:ii 70 11.^. I iiilcpiiiiilv in i;a-p|Uulity laiily iniilpniri lairly iMiifci '.III I 'I |:;ipii'i nil niippjiaa'p A:'i"Uipl pp! -Ip'aiii Pi-i'ii -ni;ill p-ppn~i.|paal.|i' -mail ( ..iiil.ii-tilp|,. in rctiiv ralliiT hii;li ill Ippw in liiirli m ipiinlpii-lilp|i- pipiii!ppi-iil,|c (■(piiilpii-iiMp. Main -p-.-iiii. 1 li'iiiiinippiipl Cellicry 1 t ' i '.. 1 . * . \ t 1., W.-Ivillc. I'ip-toll CO.. \ S •Jill 1 J 1 1 IL'7mi ii.Mi Itl'.l 'IT ■' II- "ki;; II ii'.!:; .■p7> 1 v; ■J L'N 1 -711 nil Hp.iiIpIc IHI II'OIiIpIp' no UppiiIpIi 2\ iiiiiir- J liour< I'l iioiir- no t dpiiIpIc 111) troiilpji' no ti'DiilpJi 7 Up-. .-p.-. Up-. I-. Up-. laiils iiniloiiii I'lPii-iiiiTal'lp' iiiipplitatc llciii.prk- f.'iirjy -uitaMc p-.-i-ily wpprki-pj. ca-ily wpprk|..|. viTv linli- tor iprippjiiii r i; I tor | pro- Liit niaili' |ioor attention. «ii'k iliiccr work j;a-. -hoiiM siooil !or |pni IkivciIoh.- IpiIIp'i- pliicia- uipik ^i'ii[\(;nii.i. AM) .i(ii:i;i\-< com, iri;i.i». s.-.. wh (.i;\\ip i.\ki: CO \i. I- n:i.ii. \ ,11. riu-ee trials were liiaile. one laial fr.plii each lield liein- taken. These ''i' piiiinons coals aiv of fair (jiiality for pi-.p.lucer ir-e, althouuh lather lii-'i ill ash. Coal \o. II ^ave the most satisfacfiry ivsnlts. i)ut yieliled milcli 'a' All three were readily worked in the iiroiliicer and -ave ua- "flow calorilic val.. With co-i! X.p. 1(1 the fuel hed was s,„„,.wl,:i' nrh h- c.,nibiist ilili- ^i' ' I"' •■ltd ..f tile trial, ami the efliciency uiven is, therefore, slinhllv |p,w. r than the real value. 110 iMur, WWII Performance with Springhill, Joggins, and Grand Lake Coals CmI Nn Ill I li-ili|ilioll N(l, J CilllillV . .IlllILMtl- cllUilTV. CiliiilMrhiini 1!\ . (':iii:iil;i <'c);il iV .V: (dmI Co.. Spriii^liill. N> I!' . Co.. .I.iiiiiiii-, N.S. II Killtf- Illlhi .MiiiUi, .\.li :{|' t 7 :i 1 '.I lifl.'ii \',)llllllc llllilllT t .\;il per U.ll.l'. p>t lici\ir lli- Ciikiiii; III iMKil. .\vcr;ii;r iiitrival hitwccn pnkiiii; Cliiik( r r'nir'oriTiitv in cus MUiility rtitlicr van;il.li .\iiii)iliit ol >tctiMi ilM'.l iniu rnitc Cdiiil.u-til.lc in rclii-r tmimIii;!! Hfiiiiirk- J ■ -t lllllHI :f.'-; l'-'-7 I ;•. I'.'7-'M <.is.7 nil Iriiulilr I hiiiir nil tniulili' :!l 11.-. priiilui-rr SIHUIS .U.VI. 111.1.1., ^'V.SK., Kl.MiiMiiN AM. lUl.l.V HIMM .U.VI. Hl.l.l.- Scvcii (ir.linarv iias prmluccr liial-^ um,. a n'i.<'al ) ami one .■^l.<'<'ial n-i Nvviv inailc will, tlu- li-iiilrs ami li-iiilic I'uals fnim .■^a.katrlicwaii ami .\11..!1;,. Tlic saiiiplr.^ wiv iniiu'il ' • llic \\v>U-vn Di.iiiiuii.n Ciillicrics I.lil.. TaylmMii. Sask.: Park-dale dial Co.. I.nl.. ami Stamlanl Coal Ci... I.iiL Kiln.o.iK.... \!t:i.: Stnit>i.'oua Coal Co., i.til.. Stratlicoiia. .Mta.; Canada West Coal Co., I il«i. .Ula.:aml ihe .Ml.frla Haiiway \- Irrigation Co.. Ltd., I.ctl.l.mki'. \iia Tia-sc fuels all proved .■\rellent for use in the down-drafi produiTr, iimm „f ihein re.piired no M.^ain at all. and some irave -^o little tar that t!i- ;:m~ washer eould lie dispensed with. They all have InW ralorilie valui-. aiv inoderalelvhi-h in ash. and n.ntain nnieh inlrin>ie inni.Mure. Thev u, ;,!liH npiillv and break up in the produeer. Hood etlieiem-ies w.'fe ol,t; d ui eaeii ra>e, with -as of hi-h calorific value ami nidforni iiii|Ualitv. Nii;. iittlf attention to ^Ul' lire was needed, and with tuost n the ,-ainple- the ].•■•■ iurcr riiuld '.ave lieeii run without the exhauster as a suciiiiniiroducer. ■|h. I'-cllv liivennals (.\ii>. i;! and l 1) re.|uired sli-htly more alK'Htioii than the ■ -ii'i-, and on the wlmle No, lli i.-a;;> in a dry stole' r i.-e, l-etween trial ^ and trial I7. Tlie ch..H-. in compor-i! i;.i\ ..f the li-!!'-'- ^■!!"i- Ihisiime is well >hiiwn, liul the anein'j. Iirocess did not s,.e,M to iii,.kc '■■ less suitalile for use in the producer. Ill '■ T-t- / TIC ?! C9 O U .;• ' i 7. 1 1 ' ' - c ^ -a I i =- = ?io M c -r i~ — i ^ /_ / ? 1 1 - r': -^MMMH III viru ni the -.Ml I ir-iil(- nl.l;iinl fn-li Iml Tlir .^a- wa- imt ua-i.'.i ijurilri llii' I'-l. '!■"■ wa~ llir -a\Mlu-t -crulilirr ii->'l \m -Umiii w a- -U).|.' ,-,i ,,, III,, r,„.|, \,, .lltll.-uhy W.I- ( \|..ii.Ticc.| rroin tar ..i' .'liiiLt : . ili.' tin v. ,,iliiv.| vciT litilr attclilicri. all.! .;a- lor -lariiiii; wa- ra-iiy ul.taUM-.l ^. - >Iaiiiliiiir ilui'irii; t lie iiiiilit . Tlir li'aililr^ pari ii ulal- ni tlii- trial aiv: Sii.iiiil I'riiil \i>. Hi uilh a iniMuiv ..|' Ih^njn- ' Nd- III. IJ. |:>. I l.aii.l lii C.N Immii- ruiiniiiii. -^\ Ikhii- liaiikiMl.i ( 'iiiii|iii«il inli 111' iiial : - l'i\r.l carlMiii Ml-S; v.ilatilr inatti^r :!l-l: a-li 'l-ti. linu-l uiv Is-t. ,' rali'iitir valui' a- .liarirci. S.'.MHI IVI I prr |.-.uiiil (la-: calnrilir vahir ilnuvrl Vll-l IVI' V. |.rr .•iil,. ft . at lin^unl 1 I.TiK- |nr -(|. iti. Steam; iid -'rain -U|i|ilii'il. Tiit.-il coal char;;)'!! ijuriim riiimlii'^ time •.';{r,.'i II1-. •■ u-e,l l.ir l.aiikiMi;. . '-'<»•• "'~ ii-tartiiu; •5"'" "'- \\eiai;e Kill', iluriui; luiuiili^' time •>"••! Ituiiuiii'_' liiue riieluiiiim ciial u-ei| l.ir iiiiU Ijaiikiiiir uiul re-iartin^ (■oalei,ar-e,ll)erH.II.l'. per lit- .'.TK 11)S. iJ • I I ll>- llllicieiicy (if i)niiliicer ami ;;a- .leanili-aliparatus tl.P.r. (MOl Iteiiiark-: luel >ery -uitalile fur u-<' in a pn.ilucer uf the (lo\vn-.lr:ift type, withdiit the -upply of any -team .\ll the fuel- tried ill tlii- ^mup piuved ea-y to work and ^aM •^""■i IVMllt-. No. Ill Au)\\-i-<\ the l.e-t etlieieney. They appear inueh liioie -nit- alilefor u iWMr i|( I ciii! l-IILII M.I A. i WO ]ii durei .., -1.- were Iliad, .oil eoals niilli'd re.-pcctively by the l.elt.'h Colli- rie- 1,'d., i'assbiir-;. .\ila.. a"d the International Coal it Cok. ('".. Il.i ( nl.-mitll. \ll;i. Tlirw :irr liitilliun..ii- <,,;.ls liiirh in ,»,!, {\s |».|- r.nt l ; the I ,tt.r ^••(■nis tl,,. riK.iv MiitiiMr tur um- |.nM|ii«iT wcirk. Hotli vi.Mril lm- ..f nihcr li.w iMloriCn- \alm' 'I lir ;i|F|i:,n'i.i <-ffiri..|icy i;i\ru t,,c \,,, Is j^ |.!Ml.:il,ly slii;liilv tun I.pw. i,« th.' I'dfl U',| Wii^ ratliir rich in cuint.iiMil.l.' al il,. iii>i of th.' I.-- Til.-.' i-.iaU n..iiiivr a- thr ri..,l- ..I' thf la>t i;niU|.. ali'l \u. (s -.■.■i,,^ l..'Ilrr a- a strain cmI 1 hall hir |ii(r,hin'r i-iv Performance with Frank-Blairmore Coals ( ..:il v.. 1 1. -I ri|,i inn \.. iiilr iiiaMir • \-li \|ui-i in- ri|,.iil,, \:iliir III i-,i;il :i- iliriTM. ■! till ('i!..riliiM:iliii'i,ii;M- i|.i»ri ■ |.i r iiili fi |! I I l':.i(|llii r illli'lilll\ , 1..:,! i»r H II V |..r |,i |i„ I Mkiiii: 111 r.ial . . , \u r iL'i' iMIrlAal I.I l\\, . n [.iikiiii; I ',::■ ' \:„ rniiiirinil \ in lm- i|U;iIiI\ \nn. 111,1 III ^Irarn ii-r-i I ■iiiii.ii-tliili' ill ii-lll-r . , i;.iiiiik-. l.i'ili tl iiilliin ra--l..iii: \it:i I II IJI.'d III,; ii II .1(17 -' 71 ril.i - iiiii-iijiral ; aa mill,. Miilll.li -iilMI Jl) I ' . . tl.il M !\ III I Ml Mliiilrlali' tiiiiili i:ili liav >. I'lI'Lii'- :ih.l ua-lii 1- \ii iniiil,!,. iinin i;,,. ill. I l,..l r..lii|.|,l,|\ I, . i:iirh -i|ii:il,|,. i,,r ni.n, l:,r »|,|r|i u:,. |.| ..,|i|r,.| „,,rk -lillhi, III 111 niHJii illtlirii- \alM. -Iirk\ . <'ii,-il ii'i'ilnl iiiilili allriii ii.ii III |.i.,.|aiTr. \, J -rain, 1 lia.i-iill 1- iIIhtv. lull MIMI . \ll:i. -'II IN 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 II -.'Ml '1 a.".! -■ 1 1 ak'- 'iii.'liil\ -'. I'liiiix III. III. 111. 1,. la ' . . - alhi 1 \aMal.|i' IiHiili lal.' riaiw -\i -I I iiM I iij I., I; luii i-i-iilar ua- prn.hlnT trM- wciv iiiaili'un iv|,iv>..|iiat ivc Cr., w~ii,.M, '■iiaK \ I IV -."I anil -Jill fniin the Mirhcl ami Frnii,. miiii- . f thr {■n,\v-;n.-r ''■'" ' "■'' ''"•■ ■•''!■ Il' ;iil'litioii. a lonj: trial (KM) niimin- himrsl was iiiailc wi'l \ IV 27 ami ;!(l. Ml ihi->c aiv i-.,al- of hiiih i|i|alily. ami \M,ikri| wvll in till' iH.iiliin.r. No. •_'<•, -avc the best iv>ult< ami :; \..ry hii;h aiMiaivnf cfli- '■"■iiiy itl7-(i |H.r c.-nt). The fu.'l ixal aiialyMv lioucwr, shows that ai the "I'i "t lln' trial the con.liustiblc (amtrnt was low. ami ii i>, th- --foix', likely '!>:■' the ri.ul ..(Iici..iicy was less tlian c; |,,.r ,et,t. Prohaoly tnc cflie'. ncy ■^l-.'--- a nil ihe Um ..Imiij.r •■oat compositioi.i is a ipoiv eorrec* "!>■ '•">!••!» per cent). All the (Vewsnest coals t. steil se.-.n verv well Miit,.|l liir power Has producer work. Jfl^'i 11 1 PtTto'^mnnct with Cr"wsnest CoaK Cm' Vu |i. ri|.ii ( :,|,.l.llr \:.llli "I i'ImI :i- iliami ,1. 1'. I I fiilonlir \nlm -I UM- :■■«'■' I" ' '"'' " |'M,.lur,.| .lll.M I''* ( ,,,l !■. r 11 II I' I"'- !"• " ''-■ r.ikliii: I'l ' ":il (T,i,l>,, •|':i' I lllI'M?' i\ m L' I- M i-.lin \lMliUlll .■! -h MIH U-' .1 ( ..tlll"l-Ul.lr III n IU-I- !;■ iiiiii i - N-. -i.iiiM Ml' 1 \o .■> Illlli' Cl ,.,,1,^. !\ , 1 1.." ' . ' t 'iCfk I'l'IVl -111 I'm- 1 ..mI ! r„-,< .i:,l ( .. 1 M.. Iiil, III |.-.iiir, l; 1 J.-. 1 1. ill '1 1 1 II ^ 1 :■,:■.: ill |;i:iM IXJ 1 !>.'i .' 1 ' f '»7 o(i7i; 1 ". ' \. ", -lit'lii 1 .1.1 '1 little . Iiulll- :||. Iii.iii- |)n tl'iillllll' MTV -lilllll .-.Itll- •Jl II.- l:iir M-rv iiiiiiui! iiM"li-r:it'- iMiii-iiliT:il.l. i;illicT I'iL'li iii.mIi nit. VMiiInciI \M'11 ill MT> HlMl.l IHhI I'MMiiin-r 111 Willi, i\ci;i;;i' nl' -:iln|il(- iiiHfCl'.l iluiili'^ llif tli:il. 1' i' a- ■ ,i, ;iliil Nil, :ill w:i- ilM-.l al'lcr :ill «il' N<>. -~ li^i'i !''''i' .\ sufli.i.-iil .|ilMlllii of lui. ni III.. Hllicl- Cl-ow-iicM n.als tS"- 27 ;ih.| :;(l) vMi- nvail:ilil( l'"r iilf ! ll«» timir- rui.. nmi iii>lf;iil ..f iiiitkiiiy uf.liii.ir., |,.-.t, ttith 'iH-f . .;iN. il as iI.tMi'.I to u-r thrtii lor :i s|«Tial H-t r.u<\r'- ,,|.,liiKiiv .•iiinliiciriai n.n.liti.ili-. li.nililri I'l Immv- I'd' liav iiml haiikii:. a' „l„l„ ;,n.lnnSuii.lav- 'I'lii- l.-t ua^ aiTimlii-jIv ma.lr fmt:. .\|>l-il 1:1 t., \i.m: ■M I'Ml'.i, anil '111' ii-tlll- ar. ur.vii I-Imw. i I.,, i.ial- il~r.l «(.n. v. fv -nnilai i'l, rlia'arU.r tu \.. -'!• an.! -Mi aiul m faiii oila'f. Tlii' r,.iii|)o.-:itii.ii -yAru i„ Tai.li' \ XXI 11 . tlir ri,:n svriv tin'. 1,,,,.,,, i, :,\ 1„. tm Mi -iiat the i-aliri'i-' \aliir- nl' Mifsf two coals la- t,'. .1 H: ,1„. lioil.r iriai.-l W,i. ,. -|...rt ivriv I ;tis(l ami liSJilU U.T V. Thf p: ii.'il'a! irstlll- iii 'lii- "'sl all' as t'ollou-: Special Test No. 42 with Crowsnest Coals, Nos. 27 and 30. ( IIIO hours niiiiiiii-. I'l-'!. tiout- ha:ikf.i.) Coal iiM-'l: Xo. -JT iniiii Xo. ■-' nine. Coal Civck. IVniic, IVC.aiul No. :i(l I im Xo. 7 mini-, Micht'l roUii rv. .Miclifl, B.C. Thi. lir-! iiain...! foal was liivil on .\|.iil i:i, 11. l-V l'^. ''• 1'' ' -'" iruaoui.ruiw^lu^ iina--. ah-1 <-:.' Xo :^(. oti lit.. J^nil. 2:_',.i i-'.i."i7 iiiin--iii'i' (1.'..; t^ili.rili' \..li,i ;i- I ii.'ii'ji ■' l:!:,M. II I I -,1 II, lt:i-; I ili.ni ■■ \,ilii l.vM-n, S'l.'l li I I pi iil. j. ,ti,ii .'in,] ||., |.i'i -i|. II, >ti':ilii; ••-,11.- . : -ii .1111 |,i I li. Ill I'l, il .-iL-ii-jr i ililiiti lilliiiiii'^ liliii'. Nil J7 V'. :u\ T,,i ,! I 'it'll I ••:(! , 'im: ■_■ 'i ijlll'llll; 1 llllllill:: lllli. riil:il ri /I II ",1 i,,i -t.nl iln;. !. ,iik mil; , iiiH. :•' inrtiiiL: sil'i I',:.". I.'",il III-, \2J' \\i iMUc M.ll.l', iluriii- miiiiiii'^ liiiu .1..1H \\rr:ii;(' I'liiil |ii'i liniii' u hill- I'liniiiir.^ ,-l , ,'.' \\i'I'ml;i' riiiil jicr liniii' « hill 1 ilikiij 'i-l:! ',i-^' ' 1:1^ per liuiif ilid mill 11.7 ll». |M T .■^q ill. I I'li'i, It ... .,N III lillllllillU tilllC Wlllllc lll;il illl-ll|i|it|- "lii>' riial il-< 'I I,-' ti.iiikili-. :iiiil rc-i:iii iim iin- (',1 ,' '■li;il'i;cil |,rr IVIII', |,i-i' lioiir, . {.Ill, ir'iry iif |iM)ilii(Tr aiiil ,^:i-, rjrali- iii'-: ;i|i|>af,'i1ii- . , , I-:,;; u..'.'.i;i 0. 11' Ki'iiiark-: .S, litlli lar iIimI ::a- ua-licr ua~ -liul iluwii a> liciii;; un- lii'i-.iiv allci- niiiniii'^ I, ilay-. 'I'lic ;;a- ua> pa-scil llirmi^h tin- -awlu-l -■liililiir fur till' n-i ni' tlii, nm. Suiuc nf the i-rfiisc nuitainnl ciuiiiliIi i"!al"iMil)lc to 111" u~i'i| fur liankilli; at liiirlit. Cainrilic ValiU' nf ;;a^ lailuT l"'A liiit i|iiality uniri.rin. IVitli cual,- were easily wmkcil ainl i;a\ , m i I rniilili' ''■'"' bilker. Ciiiiijitioii of fuel Ih'iI at cliii of tc.~t la.'i jilil^cij fmiii aliaiv-i<) *^ I'Miiia! lire was pokfil at interval.^ of aiioiit L'l lioiii-. The cii.^niic ^;il\' were quite fr,-i- at cii,! of It -I. ■.%%j ( \,,-ii-Al>i: ( OAI, 1 11:1. i). .\i;iA rllVl'l' l-l'irular ti-iaU :l!'!l ;;•»■ ■<,..-i-!-i! !.■■• 1 Uh: !»' Klirrla! "■.•■!•<• !!!:'ii|<' an •«• ' -a;::;!ii- ). iiiiiinl iv^pcctivcjy l)y H.W. Mi'.\c:l Co., I.til., (_' >y till' Haiiklu'ail .Mini's Ltd., Haiiklicail, .Mta. T ;lllliiiii'('. icsc iirc autliiacitic IK) r.,:A- r,mtaiuii,._' K' t.. i:! |"r .'.■nt ..f u-l. an.l :i 1o 10 I"' ■""' ..f v,,lai maliiT. ■-':•. M i- a iii"i'' 'yi-ii'iil alilliniritc iliaii llic <>tlwr aii.l ••an 1,.. u- MU'co-tullv 111 a liv-ular -ii'ii'Hi |.i."lur.r. H ,tli real- «-rk.',l well in I'nHlu.rr No 1 a u ;;avc no tioul,l<. fro,,, • ,„.,.llnk.T Tlic. tli-1 trial lo t:a< >\UA\\\y. l-ui tlic \nr\ 1m-,| ua- ratluT i-ov in coiniMiMn .,', ,|„", ,,,„l',,|- ihr irM, -o ll.al th.' .•Ilicifni- v .^ivHi i- l.lol.al.iv soincwlial i.j.li. Thai .iv,iil..rlnal:l7 iiiTahl,. XNNIIh i- piol.al.lv loo low. iMiii; Ni.i Performance with Cascade Coals f,,t,l N,., l),-.ii|iiii>ri .'."i I'nal :;->' ( aiiiiio!.-. \lir .;; \l Inai I! \.,, I llllllr, li. W Mi\..t l'.:i -ni.i I M.Ni'il C.i . I.l'l uh.at. r.alikl,. \hu.- . I.n!. !■• .Mui-Illlr. ,,.,,' r;,l.inlir v:.lu.' ..i ,-,■;, I a- .i,:iii;..l |. I I . (■■ili.iilii' v.ili !;a- I.I". I p. r .III. It 11 r.r . |'in,lu,-.r .Ih.t. ii.\ . Ciil |., r r. !l I'. I" 1 lu . !'.- I Mkllii: III i'i:il ■ ■ \\,rtl;." I'll. iv:il l..l«.-.li llllii- .1' li.ilvlli;; clnil,.'!- I:. I . I ::it...!i':l> 111 '-a- .|U:ili'\ ■ ■ .\lniiillil 1.1 ■l.-Uli U-- (■,,iiii.ii-:il.li- in n't'i-i' . . I;. IPlMlk- n; 7 II I it 7 1 o i:;rjn 1 _". '"ill n7 ■ "J lir.' 1 11 . 1 il H 1 II ."|ii- 1 7J 1 ~ s 11. .11.' hiitii :;; li..u.~ ■> l.iiul- r> littl.'. ..MM' II' ir.iiilil.' 1 .1 I mill. •Jll II.-. tl 11 .- ir. im -' ' i: t- \\ •l-illT 1" lair \i r\ Hill' laiyc ■ laiL'. Ur Hi.lk, il u.ll. I.ill L-:i\.- Iirr i|Ull.- Iiv. ...i- 111 x.'iA pi.*.!' . iil'i- uiirkt'it wrl lllir\:illli'. hiiln.ul'lr. trnllliliv U,„„l |„.,,l,|.i. ...ak ■|'|„. ,,.„,aini|.r .Il I'oal N... 'J.! M allrr uial II ua- iinloil unat.T i„.,,,„,ui,. 1.111 ua- u-i'il ma l.-l. No. Ki. Willi ! !,r -innon iho,1.i.ti- \ ■I'll,, lun ua- iin.aM.iilal.lv too -hoH to incaMiiv I hr loal ron-uin|.t m'. ans arniiarv, lull -a- of ^oo.l raloiilir valui' wa- ol.tailinl iroii-K. |,i,J„.r than' uitli ;hi' lai-.T |.io,lunT No, !i. an.l thr .■n.^iiic . am. •■ Hill'. Thr i:a- wa- ii.it iii.tciv.l. a- the pi-oiliii'iT wa- il-iil on .lin ' li,,ii. No troiililc Wa- c\|ifnciHT.| with <-liiikcr, an.l thi^ roal ran !'■ -I,,-,-,— liillv in a iviiular -ii.iion |iroilu,Ti' if it i- n.it Imrnt at too : rate ]»•!■ -.|iiaiv lo,,t of furl I..mI. .\ small alii..iini of tar iM-ali to a].; ■ the cn'.inc lowaf.ls llircii.l of t li<' -i V hoUl>. ."*«7 1 1; KSK"!"!*.' ^ ( DM.-; |.|(n\| nil: \|(()i.\ \ \| 111 ^M■ Till - WUMM ,,,M. ni ,,|„, ,;,, nMir,v^uh.rt..M. („.,.. u,v,„.,.,i,vv,. IV, na.l..,m,.n..,U \,,. ■• . \, ,, .,„, ,- "■'■'" ''"■ '"""■■^ "''■*•"• -^i-'-'l^l Vallry Cual ..,,,,1 Cnkr C, , | ,,rr,„„|,.,' I-, .M,hl,c\V,.>lrn, 1-,„.|C,,. I.„|.. X.nailn,,, Vaiirouv-r i-lii..! | { (' ' ' lli—Mn.l,in.M,iu,Hi~,-„aN. Iii.hin vnlan'l,. niai-.T ,;;.-.,„ l,i ,„.,. ,..,,„, :iiM.alTyii,::aroMsi,|,.ral.l..a.,io,i„t m a-l, : IJ ,,, Ki p,.,- ,■,,,, i Tu., ,„ laiily>inIal.lM„r|,r,„lun.ru,„k,tl.,.,l,inl , \n. I 7) -ivr .„„„■ , n,„l,|, Tl...(irM,nalwi,l,X„.-M„,ial|. -•'■ Tal.l,. X XX , , , , .|,„„:,| , ,,,, '■""■"■'"■.^•■."'■•'"•'■l'^'V,n.l„...n,|M.,.l„.,lan.|u,„k..,h„„, .,,,„,, ,,„.,„, " 7V^T'■ .-:'''''''■'''•''''"'''■''■"'''''• ''^'^''- '"'■'' -'i''i--n. Th.. '■'■''"" ''■'^''^-^''■-^^'••'^v ^alKla,-,,,,. iv-„h. al„l 1 1„. n,,-! l„.,i :„ , 1„. ,.|„.. ;''''"'"■;"'":;'■;'"■ '-n.hM. ,i, ,nal l-ulU, X„. 17,.,„i„a-n.|an.,.lv!,H, """'"'"'-"'''■ '""l"-VV|-kiM.~,T,n,..lu„av„„l,|,|„,,i,|,,l,i-r„.,l ' ' I \l!l I Ml! Performance with Nicola Valley and Nanaimo Coals |ll-rM|,lM,ri -"-• \l I II-. I 17 I'oin. IK i-l.in.|. 'V'" ■^; '•■'•'' 'ir- -.:. \.. 1 l„u,, -,..,1, \„ ^" ' """'■ -'I..! I .,H (■,,. I.,, I,, I „„| ,,, ,1 I'-" ii;t llnl, „,.| ,-|,n.| ■^"'"""' ■"' -'•a 111. .\,,, J l; ,' Mini.-. \li,|,||,.-- i.di.i (,,||i,.rv, \iciila \:ilii\ |-o:il .V (ok. ( .1 I. III., r.Mitj.-,-. I '.I ^'iliilr. ii,:iM,.r \-l! \luM„„ . / I ili.'lli.' x:,lii,. ,>| |.|,;i| :,, .■|,;irx',.,i ItT.I '^iliinlii- \:,ln,. ,,l LM- .li.wiii II,. !■ .■1,1,1, |,|V. l'r.«lii,-, , , -III, „,,„., . . . ''•«l I'll I'. II IV |,ii li.iiii-, I,,. I-Mui,.' ,.,:,!, V\in,i;:' II :l,r\.Ml l.iMM-rli II, m- ,,1 jiulMI,:; rl;,ik,'! I:,r, I Ilil.illllilV ;„ s;..|. ,,|,:,|i,v Am. Hill, ,,1 -,,..,,1, „,,,,! '"Ilii,ll-li!.i. II, ivlli-,. li'Miiiii. , rj II I -' I I .'.'1 1 '.I'l li I ' ."i^J I !K |il:irlli-;illv :hi,ii I III, Ill- no Iniiilil,' .ill li.-. Ill .! i.r; I :. r.'iiiii II. s 1 jj ji I IJ 1 ,". I.ili 1 II. .-.1.-, II .;'in l-ss . 1 , ,. 1 -liuht in.iil.l" .">:> mi,;-. 11 li.iiii- nil ilillii.ii'i\ \rv\ litll,. II,, III, 1, Is 11,- r II,- \i{\ In, 1,1,1,.-,, 111. hiii- Illiiiiuill iiiiiili laic iiKiili'iati' mii.lci'at.. liiu'li liHiil,.,:,,.. lew »oikc,,l,...,Hlv ,1,, ,,,.,.,1,.,! :„,,.„,„,„, ,.,.,|„i,,.,| „ ,, .,, """.'•'V'"""'^" l.iiMav «M- ,1... i,'„i„„i.Ti',,,l,l,. Ii.-inl 111 »,.rl,. i|.,,,,i ,;„., «lii,.h Iniiil.l,. wllilar um- u:!-1i, i ,|i,i 111 .NL'iii,. v;...,.- II. il r,'ni,u,. |.i.i|.,.||\ ,r,.|iiil„ I rrsT^p"' r* lis in.vr I viMM'iiriii. wini \ \iiinrs cnAi.s |„ ■i-,i,l,. Xl.lil !!,.■ fu.'K <.'M..| hav Im.,.>i ;.n-anL:cMl iu ur,l.T ..f , 1,. ,,,„,.„nh..„.nnu,„of,„al.l>a..,..l|.- U.ll.i' |H.rh...r. T .» ,al -. ,,■„, ,,.u,v-or(..l.nnn U, TaLN' WM.I'H, in a Wifl.ivnt onl.T, ai.l x. .,•„,. ri„.i.rop"ni..Mal.nM ,,„ hH.l.a.-.nnin. ll.at all ^l>■ maU w.-.v -. n,.. .un.. pn- l«- ' -...ilVT,r. ■nn~..nl,.n..an-an.>:u..n.~nn. „li,.,--, •-li-hl un.lui'a.Uaiilai;.'. liul a, tall- ['I -'line lo: il-, ali'l i;i\i' a "fliiTal iilra nf the ivlaliw |icrh>iinaii ■,. di' ilic \aficpu~ Lii-(iii|)-. IM'.I.I' Mill Heat Value of Coal Charged per B.H.P. per Hour (■„mN arniia:.,! lu unln ol ;,i.|.M'vai ,.n,„.in>.^ Coal No. N. |)c'-rri|itiiMi 111 I iial I! II I' l: I 1 11 |i,.,utr, SlrMl. I., C.al In, 1 ..lin,,lll nil M';. ..,; ,n CoMl.Cnm-M.-! 1';,- ( .m1 ( .. . Icim.-. IM • ■■ 1,-, 10 l.,i:,ul,...>l' • , ,, ,, ',-, CkiI. Nl.-dla X.ai.A („alC.., nutl,.-, lU ■ •'■1 ('(lal. Iiitncnloiiial Ciril Co.. Wi-lvillr, N.>. ffs Coal. II. W M.NrilCo.. "•'•',■ ''^V',"""."ur' II Co:,l, HaliklMa.l Mini- l.Kl . I»-<';.1-'"'',"| , ^'j'' , i:i ' :sii l."> -1 C.'iiiT '\r;.il'i'a'<",i.-ii Co. I.',l.. St, llarlon. N j(l ( o'al. \\,-l.-ni 1 u.l Co.. .ViiKiiiMo. lu- ll! .'1 1 11 1 II II 1-k. in HI '.".I :f.') M 17 :f(i l.,i,iii,i,.,.oal. \ll-..a Hv. .V l.Co. 1.1.1 l..-lhUi^..- (-o-il Nova S.-olia S. .V (-. C, . >v.ln.v Mm.- V>. I.HIMH;-, I'ar-k.bl.-CoalCo.. I.t.l . I .■l..i..nt.iM. AHa, |,,'.,„„..(-a.,a.l,an\V.-lC o 1.1,1 , lal.-,-. Vila Cial \.-;..lia <'...-il C... l.'.l.. Si, Hall.. n. N - ■ ■u c'al \\,-l.-ni 1 u.l C.... .NaiKiiiM... H.C. . "■7 Coal. Caaa.la C..al .V Hv. (... .1.1,1.. .L.^'iin,-. N.>. .,,., , „,,, |,„,|.„at,.„,al C..al \- C.;k.- • .... < ..l.-".ai. V^'a ■... (-,,,1. (-iiMilMTlai,.. lis. .V <..al ( .... S|,n,m all. N..-, Ti-, C...,l. (-n.wHi.-l Pa- C..al C, 1 .iiii.. Ii.« . . ■ :il r,,a!. ll..iMiia..ii Cal C. . I.l.l-. ' 'l:<'-'- \]-» ■ ^. -^- - :!:( Coal. l)oiMiiH..n C..al C. , I.l.l . Cla.-.-ltav. N.>. . Ml Coal. W.-l.Tii lii.-ICo.. Naiiaii.i... lU . ■.,-, (-oal. ,\.-a.lia Coal C.,.. 1,1.1.. ''^ ' ~V, i ^ i ^- ^ ■I C,,al, l!i.liia..i..l l!v >V CoaK o.. '..il lloo'^. < ■ • '{■• ( ,,:,1. l»oiniin..M C..:il C... I.Ul.. t.a.-c l-a.-.. N >■ ■ • il c..a!. i,,.ii,-i. (■.■iii.-i-i.-. l.'.l. i':-:""'^-,,''"^'.- . ■ -U C,,al |),.i,iiiii..aC..alC,,.. 1.1,1,. « .la,-.' Ua.v , N >■ •• \lla. _-j|'i,; .■:it" ,.,,l,a,,- tlH- iiaiM Mi-ikiii. n-~ul. -.1 lla- ~i-n.- ot t.-Ms ,- tin • ,,,.,-„,„„„,„ „,- ,1,, li.nn.-s, whi.-h i~ xv-11 -.-.1 i" ii"> lal.l.-. Mil n,. ..i, ;..ki.i.- ;:..o,l ,.la.-..s. Th. Cniwsn.-.i .-oal-. aial .Ml-rta authra.-.i. - „.,.„ ;„ iK.M- .iv..n j:..o.l -vsult-. -n,.. 1..U.-,- ,.la,-.-- m .lio ,al . - - (^vn.-rally ^pi-akii,.-! I.v .-oals wl,..-.- --akiii. .,ualil..- n-n.iiT 'I'. ' t.i hail. ill- ii. ;> UM- i.rn.lu.-i-r of siiial! M/.-. A.\ I Till COALS OF (•\.\\|/\: :(0-\().Ml( l.\\i:sTI(iATK)\ VOL. II PART IX WOUK (M- Tin: ( lli:.\I|(\|, I.AHoIIAKiI!^ Edgar Stansfield PART IX \\nl!K dl' ril!, iHI.MICAI. I, Mini; MOlI'i Edkar Stansfield IM l{tll)|(l li>\ Till' Cliciiiiial l..ilMjr:ii rjli.iy wa- iri|uilr.i In inakc full aiinlv-i-. ,,( all im.iU :iMi|)Iim1 ami ol all |iiiiihicl~ (ilitaiiicil i:i ;r-t-. canicil (,ut in |||,' ,|,iy liori ri> of ll ic ili\r-ti^aliiiM. 'I'lic wmk thai had ti, li cri'iii ,!■,■■ loiH' « a~ 1 lni- \i'i\ mil >iilcraiilf. iv-|M'ciallv a- all liii'tho,|- an. I apj>aiat ii- had In l,i' ic>i,.(| an I -laMilaiili/.i'il. and in a niiniliiT nf ra-r- new inclhnd- had 1ci !«■ .|c\iM'd and new iir ijKidilicd a|i|iaial ii^ dc-iiitird and l.uilt \l niali'iiaU. w In'! lai- lau . inlcilncdialf, (i|- liiial |iiiiduii ■-. had In lie aiialv-cd. and alllaju^h no altc'inpl was made in ki^cj, cniml nl ihr numl.fi- ni anah.-r- made. :i iniiuh idea nt' the anmiinl nf wnrk dnne call lie u,,] iVnm Ihe fart ihal a cniiiplelc ie~i nf a -ili-ie coal involved iivt-y f,,in hm;died scpaiale ilelcriiiiiiation-. and thai n\ei- niie liiimlred iji-iim-t cnii^i^nniiiii . (if coal weic llloreoi |e>s fuPx' |e-|ci|. The-e facl>. In-cllier with I he Injh ciiuineialion of the ili'Veivni anal>-es. cleiiTininaUoii-. and iiisc-l mal ion Willi; lanieii .in|| of I I Mdlvrials Anah/od. Cnal le inaLinitude ol ;!ie um L in\-n|\c.|. liial. ■-:iiii|i|''-: main, mine, weaiheiino, Imili -as ])rodllcei- liial. cnkin- le-i. linal washe.lcoal. ami se|,;,ialc pro Inci- el wa.-hery. speciiic liiavily lesN. s.aci'n analyses, eic. Coke -aiiinles: fmm lekiim K'sts and .-pecial -ample-.. ( ;a.s sariijilos: frniii lioiler trials, i;a- prn- iurer I rials, a II 1 cokiii'.; te-K. A- -amples: imi n liniler I I'laN, '.;a- pidilucer i!ial>. and laliniainry coml,u-iinn of lau and wa-^lieil cnal. CI, >, inn, I I), I. ili.n.s M,„l,. A' nil >ii. h\dini;,ai. iiw ^eii, -ulplmr. lUli'e'.;eii, iiioi-luiv. adi. volatile liialtei-, ' \ed cailmn. and cnln!iii-liMi. mallei. d-; and earlMin di mshle. elh\ leiie, n\\ ^eil. c iiiinii iiiiiii..\i,le. iiii'i hane li\'lln'^i']l ml r.ej;e|i. -illphiir d|n\i. ami li\-. /V-'/.-r,// I), I, ''jeii -ulpliiile III i;a>iv I'llll lull :llll^ Mo.lr. I U-ln|| lempeial UM <\ -A A :;!■.. Ml '.-. pni'.i-iiy, and -i iculi; h nl' rnke-: c.ilnrilic \ali \apnii|- pic~~i||r-: calil'ial hill ol '.ia- In e- ol ,a-ne~; -imiiIh le- nl -nllil ami Lia-enU- alumelrl -. \n|l mi'll'l - . |i\ iniileler-. i-alnnmelci-. ele // Inn.li.iiii;,,,,. 1 ia\ e l,ci.n inaile nli : llie .lelellllll lal inn ol >'llpliui' leieiimiial Ion o: \ dial lie malli 1 cnal and al-o in coke, ical Value- nf I'nki'. weal he| ile^ ni c,,:,l. I he .analytical wnik ua- in.iiiilv carried on in the piivale chi'tnical lali lo'V nl he l'rofe>-nr of M nini; I .ii:;incei iir; a' M.'nli I «:.- coiiveaii.iillv .-iliialed and well .|UI| nie"|-|l y : till- Innlli and pinver .-alisf^i. • ,rv jn lii.i-| -pei'l-. 1)111 ii only afforded >par.' fni u\, I chcmi-i- :il wnik ai once WillioiU mm incoiivt'iuciici'. ill) cainc in nmsi lapiill) 122 il tluMclnn'. iluriii'; tlic siiiiiiiicr tiiDiitli--, wlicii tlic saiiiii! (I and laiirci- mmpui ailjiiiiiiiiy; it was al>i> usci the staff incifascil. A iiuiiiIht ..f uas analyses ami ultimate analyses w inaile in llif sjn'cial incpins set apart t'cir iIicm' iipeiations in Clieniistr\ •; otlief jras analyses wer till' Depart men e made ill iniims conveniently near tn lncei<; ernsliini:' H'sts on eoki- were in; experimental boilers ami ;ras procliicer-; ( ill the testini; lal>oiatory of tlie Deparlnient of Civil iln-im'erinu: fii^ilih v tests of ashes, and some otlier tests, were made in llie furnace r i of i.e Department of Melalluruy : and certain iiliy>ical in>trunienl- were ca dilMM'' in the lalioraloiies of the Departnii'lil ol I'll heads of the a liove deparlmei 'i'hank- are due to !hi Is of MeCiill rniversity for tlieii- couiIi-\ a iHowinn- the use of their roi.in- an le.pii] mi'iit . 1' le actual worl il -amplui;;'. mei trials, was mainly ilone m Ine -u were 111 il -iimiiier mon haiiical imritication. and ol In ths when the several lalioral" ,1 ie.|uired lor educanonal purposes, hut the private cheiiiK-il Imo-iim ilaced e\clusivelv at the service of the coal i' -i- torw alio\-e melltloliei as] slal'f. anil in U work was ca the sp rrii'd oil coiiliiiuuuslv from the spriiri ol I'mr 1^ of liill). Diirini;- the suniiuer months ot each year. Ilie prep of .-ample,-, and work on certain urL;eiill> rei|uiri'd analyses k;'pl I lie -^lali i ,iiv •upied. and at 1 ii.' en I of each -uiniiiei- there were coiisideraMe aire ik which had to he m.-ide up latei. Il would have I.een more -at l-tie-iui \ have made a coiiiplele aiialy-i- of earh c,,al sample when received. I'M' Ui- luld lia\c iieco-ilaled a far lai -ir -t .ilf ;uid .■.|uipmeiii than circum-tacn- liel'mit led. •j'he ie'.;ularmi'tlioil- ol aiialv m~ adopted in 1 he rouline H-t- are ,|i -. 1 I.elow; llie pielimiiiai'V in\-e-l i'.;a: ion- carried oul liefore deeidinu on ili>-r ihod-. touelhei Willi other -pecial in ve-I i'^al ion-, wil 1 I.e folin APP' \'. \iil. \ I. .\ -unim.-ii\ ol re-nli- o I anal\-e- veniiiar coal aliijili's IS ,Lii\' 11 111 ■|-al.ie- l.iV II ,.\.\1. folli w uil: lia'i' ilhei' aii;ilv-e- will lie found in I'arl- \ . .■mil \ 1. \o|niue 1. I'ari- \ II \ III. NoMin.i- 11. and in ihi' -everal ap c- lot he -uli-e.|UelH \ ' Till jl; t rained chenii-l - have .as-i-iei I in the woik: Ml. .1 li H .\icoll-. Mr. i: T. .Mohan. Mr. I'. II I'.llioit. Mr. i:. .1. Conway. Mr. W Camp Mr. W. H. Ml Hoehner. Mr. II. Hartley, aiel Mr II. (1. Morri-oii ((H,i.i;( rin.\ .\.\i)ii!i;.viMi.NT m s\mi'1.i;s (OM. SAMI'l.h:S. Riijiilii III- Siniiiili\- I'acli main con-i ininent of coal was carelull>' -: on arrival at the iilant. lilt le case o f thelirst few samiiles, which wi with in l'.»07. the method of coninji and ciuaiterinji was u.seil. liu' im- 1 out as iin! Micil eil ami carriei cpietitly the three shovi'l method was ailopt the ac( ompaiiyinj; How sheet. The weiirhts -hown are app ilv, and are estimated for a ten ton sample. in;itc -r!:.^^"'r-;^?! !J:5 FLOW SHEET SHOWING ORDINARY TREATMEHT OF MAIN SAMPLE Reserve (or Boiler Trial Reserve for rroiliKerTri.ll l'llei|-tl,llletle.|-( oiled I I 'I'lii'.'e >liov.'l sepantioii .S,iri|>lc e.iii l;.-.rvr Sample can .'^aiii|>l,' ran V\;'. ;eil for >.ii'i|p|i- i oi lor ili-a\ y for Si-rei-n CImiiusI Ioi ('li. iii;~i Soluiion TcsIs Anaivs, ; I'eser\-e :;,■., ^ of Main Sample IJI 'I'll!' It'i'l'ihii ( 'III III I. -it's Slim pi I \v:i-|ila"fi| in ;i -.1111 [ilc ran, i-u-cl'ull \li l;ill, 1 Mini -cnt iiiiiiH'iliati'iy tn llir lalHnaliii-y, wlicri' llir uliuli' lui \va- ',;iii .| I'di' lliMT 111 luiir liniir-^ ill a small iiun liall mill i>i n" iliann'in- !.■ ", ilt'c'|i. in-nif mca-Micmrnt-. s •(■ I'lalc- I. II ami !.ll!. Tlic iniliiiaiN ili. j. \va- 1 liai.lcliril -Ice! lialU.if 1 I" ijialiiclcr. Hi of \\". ami I nl I ". ami J |m, d- III' nu-lii'ii I'lial; \miIi -mailer -ain|ili'- Irun liall- unr ii-i'ij. In all 1 ..;■■ till' lni!l ua- iijirralril at alHiiil IIHI irv uliil mii- jn'i' imiiul''- Tlii' ' ai llm- L'MiumI 111 an almn.-l ini|ial|ialilr |"iu 'irr. \\a~ |ia--i'il I liiiiili;li a od 1 ■ -I, >ir\i' 111 rii-iiic ilicir licini; im iin;:riinml iiiiilulr-ul pxiilr-: in llir \ri-, •« ra-i'-- III wlinli llir>c wric rmiml llii'V wciT iiiiiiiml n|i in an a^alr nioilai mi caii'tnilv ri'nii\ri| wiih ilir -ample. 'I'lii- uiiMiml -ani|ili' ua- '■in ijnwii li\ mean- nt a iillle; aKnill JUII 1;! nn- ueie Inn iieil lii luilii-ii a .-ani|ile nl a-li. 1111111 .'ill In |IMI mam- VM-ie -|p|eai| n i' nil a iia\ I'J" iiv ID" ami iliieil in an ii\eii at Kl.'i ( '. I'l.i' an Innir, ami tin ir- liKiimlrr wa- ret iiineil !■ '>e can ami -lnreil. The ill ie.j rual wa- I a ken m;' 1. the ii\eii at I lie em I nl' I l.e Imiil . ami. w liil-l -1 ill Imi , alimil ■niirleeii -pn nv.i-.: Ill lie- were til lei I will' 1' : t lie enal lieilii: taken willi a -III;:! I • pal U la I'mm -im ll parts nl' tiie trav I'nr 1 ai'll lulie. 'I'lie till"'- were a' iMire cnlkeil ami phiii'j ill a Knllle wllieli \' a- al-n rnikeil, tile liilie- ami iinllle were earel'lill V lal.illr,, ••|)iv enal .Nil. ." llie hilielnli the lintlle lieilii: al-n ilate.l. Th- nl' 1 lie a I in VI ■ -peel men I illie- In |i| a I mil I I Wn 1:1 am- earli. ll tlie|> aiinill nli' ;;ram ; I lie enal I inlll nn ■ nl I lie lari;er I lllie- Wa- I ilii |UetIeil t'nr I lie ealnl llm l.i the nllii r Illlie- nl' inal were ll-eil I'nr the iei;iilal anal V-es. a l'|e~li Illlie l.iin. il-e ! Inr eai-ll ilelerimiial imi Ue-|i|e the alpn\e. ihive nr Inlli I -ial!i sample tulie- weie lilleil Willi enal Imm I he liall iiiili chreiil>' il \\a- npnir ; the-r were -Ininl ill alin'her Imlllr ami lalielleil '■ Kiw inal \n.,. Tin Mini S^iinjili nt' rnal u - 1 1,1 II v a I'll \ I ■! I at the lalinrulnry liy e\p!r--,i:; a -ample eali. enn-i.|eralil\" e.arlier ihati the m.iin enii-ii;niiieni wliirli 'aim li\ tlei'jlil. ill -ai'k-: aliel npeiiin:^ the eall, the enal Was rapiilU ha— i-; t 111 nil '^1 1 a J.I w riu-lier -11 at a I mill ',", alal l hen -preail niit mi ,i eniiple n| i!:i\- r_'" li\ III". Wei'jheii. ami .Irieil ill the ail iir\ ill^ lin\ a- . le-ri il m'i| lal'i I'l,' air ill ie 'I inal w a- all "i nil in! in tin- ! :ill iiiiil .iinl -ample nilir> were lill.J \m' air i|i\ inal ilireei l\' at ler npi'iiiir^ ilie liall mill, ami wiili ilre enal i'>'ii: t la\ nl rn.ll. nli|:iill'-i| li\ I lllllll'.: .jnw 11 I he air liril i en.a! I'l-nlll ill' llliM, ■■ ilr\ im; III all uMli Im' nlie liniir at lir"i t '. S'iii,j,h>- I'l' I II ll t'nr W'l nllii riini 7'i»'-. The W .a \ in whirli tln-i >\i !. tl'eate.l will 111' ill -I riliiil in \pp,ll.|i\ \ . \n|. \ 1 W'li.^ln ll Ciiiil S.nnjili, \ -am]'li' i-ali nt enal wa- nl ii ailiei 1 I'lnlu''' ::'. plniluel nl laell Wa-liill'^ eillier li\' ■niiiii'^ ami ipiarterill'^ 111' liy ;i' ! shn\el metlinil, alnl then t^rniiml in the liall mill. ete.. etr,. e\ai 1\" a u ni.'iin -ample, exeept 'thai in ea-e- where a rnal wa^ perei pi ilil v ilaihp ' u • i;i\en a preliminary ilr\im; nn a Ma\- wiih 'ieiitle heat liat'nre Liriim.: W.iter ilrisell nil' i 11 I Ili- W a \ Wa- i le I I'lllli lie. I a le 1 it- \M'iL:lit a.iMeil ■ 1: t'niliiil ill llie urniiinl -ample "n '-;i'.'e the Intal Waier in the ni'li;iiiil -a- m MICROCOPY »ES01UI10N TEST CHART ANSr and ISO TEST CHART No 2 1.0 l.f I'lm m fjf m \:21 i 1.4 1.8 1.6 ^ APPLIED irvHGE Inc ■■'^.t '•di - 030C - Phlit I.I l!i,.. |,.■|l■li:l!i^ .Irjr.l r..:.l i- ,.,,ui\M!.l.l ... .'rM " '' ' ''"'",, ... ..' ill.' i.ML'llKll -:llll|.l.'. lli.-it i-;i;;ili:il -:ini|ili- i- '.!• I!" ■ J .■, -■"••■ I" !■ rcni. 'I ll. ii'ii.ri'. ill.' i..t.il u:ii, r in ih.' II ■:-■ p. r I'-iit. >:iliii.li'- ni' ihi- i|iti,'i','||i |,|',,,li|,'t- 1,1 ,1,,. i\.,,|,,.,'v.;i,,i| i„.rnii|i,< i.l.l.'iiiii'.l I'l.iii hi'iiN y -i.lulii.ii ti'-t- :iiiil -I'i'i'.'ii :iii:i|\'-, - i-i ,■. .w.'i'r :;i'i.iiiiil nil :i Inirkiii,' i.'.anl <.!• in .-iii :ii;;iti' iiii.ri.-ir iiiMc-iil ..|' in 'li.' Ii.ili mill, :iii,| il,,. -I'lHiinl -:iiii|.i,-- \vrr" -li.-cil in -J ..iinrc l.i.tllc- iu-lcinl ..|' in -m.-iil ■ | .r.'iin.'U ii|l„'-, Snin/il,.- nf (■,„;/ Jr.,.,, Il.n'l.r ,nnl l'r,ul ,nr Tn'nl.. Tlic-f -iiiipir. uri'r l.'ik.'inlurini; ihc ('(iiii'-r ..f ;i n i;il : ,.ii,' -Ih.m-I lull nf mnl 1,1'iir^ t.'iLni iVi.ni c-ii^li III! \\rii:licil c.iil ill thr ca-i- i.f :i Imilcr t I'i^il. m' ctu'li 1 iliii' .if eh ; r^iirj- in t he c-i^r III a |iroililccr ' liiil, inul |Hit in ;l I.U-l'c unlvaiii/cl iruu iv.'i'i.i ;irlc with :\ rl..~c lltlilii; lid. .\i I- end (if the trial the ulinir -alii|ilc nilli'i'tcil wa~ -.■lit J.i ill;' saiiiiiliiii;- fiiiiiii uiicic it \va> cnislii'il t.i [" and rilllcd .liiwii in till a in|ili' lai.; tlii-; cipd'aTidii riiiild 111. r,ini]ili'lc.l within live iiijiiiitc^ s.i that .,ii\ inni-turc cliaiiL'c would hf ina|iinvrial)lc. This can siniplc was sent Tn ihi' lalHiratnrv wliiav it was yi-otind in llic hall mill, ami -niiic .-ample tiihcs filled with th.' tine ciial (liivct from the mill, in some cases of hoilcr tri.il-. nf washeil roal ,'i prcliininary dryim;- was nece-.-iry liefope i;rindiii;j;; the moisture driven off hciii- lietermineil ami a. I. led to that siiiiM.ipicnl Iv found. Tliese boiler trial sample- wmv •■i^rah -ainples " pj-imai-jly intended for del. niiinatiou of the moisture in the coal as fired, all lioiiirh a-h and some- times volatile matter ami fi,\eil rarhon were also ileterniiiied. The rcLoil.'ir samples of the on'f;iiial ami of the Washed coal were -o nmch iimre carefiillv taken and anahsed that it was ciinsiilcreil that the result- nlitained. corrected f'lrihe moi-lure found in the cnal sample- as taken ahove. would lie more uiiifiiiinly clo-e to tIk t rue alialy.-is of the coal ;is liredthan results i.litained fn.iii the product of any method of i:ral) samiilinu' po--ihle durin- the coiir-e of a trial. riie sample cans referred to ahove were made of stout tinned iron .'ind liaii iielly li'ver lids, i.e., lii^ht littimi' lids of the type commonly used for paii't can-; tliey were .')" diameter and .j" high and hel.l alioiit a kiloL;ram ni cne^he.l oo'.l I'^acli can was enclosed in a slin-htly hir.ncr one with a slip on cover, ih<' purpese of the outer can lieinii' to protect the inner one from ph\sical damage. It was found that even these double cans did not entirely jirevent nioi- ire fliMi ^1 ^ in the contained coal, but tii(> loss of moisture between tlie mine an. I the lalioratory could only he small. The lids of tl iiic samples, ;imon,i;st which were the liirnit' Tl" ard lid of both insiile and outside can le cans I'lUitaHuni!: the latiu' sealed with |>aralliu wax. inipies were ma.rke.l by ha\-!mi- their number .stamped ou tiie !iol ^.^'^'^l-^^.M.-'l l-'C, All Iwttlcs aTi'l specimen tul)es were cldsed u.ili cdiks wliicli liii:l K. . iiiipreiiiiat.'ii with paralliii wax. ASH SAMI'I.KS Itiijidor Ash Sii ni filis wcw (il>tain(Ml by liiifuiiiij: alMiiil '-'(lO uraiiis of ti,,- finely uroiinil cual sample on ida-iiniT ilislies in a mulHe furnace. Siimiihsiif Asli/riiiii Uiiiliriiiiil I'rodiirri- 7'c(i//.-- were dl.iained hy takiiiu .11 tie ash anil clinker removed durini; llie trial and siicci'ssively cru^hi;i.' and (piartei-inu or rilHinjr until a small sample was ohlained, which was rm:i;!v ■iround on a liuckin;: hoard to pass an M) me.-h screen, and sent to the cheiiii-t in a liottle. (DKK SAMlM.Ks l,'( /III ^1 iil'iliri /liicis nf ml.; were chosen, as described in I'art \ I, \'i! 1: these were crushed and riffled down to a small size and then ^ro:in.l on a liuckinu- hoard to pass an SO mesh screen, the product, which w.miM weifih ahout 100 iirams, was put in a hottle. lahelled, and sent 1o ilic chemical lahoralory. It was found undesirable to jrrind coke in an iron ball mill as the abraMun of both the mill and the steel balls was quite noticeable. C \s SAMI'I.KS Fhir (la.s Samphs were taken from the back of tlie boiler in front of the opening into the flue leadiiifi to the ciiimney, fu'l details being given in l';ut VII, For the first thirty i)oilor trials the due u^i.ses were drawn off throudi an iron tube; this was afterwards rci)laced by a steel tube, enamelled both iii-Mc and out, which was used in all subsecpu-nt trials. As certain I'onstitueiits m" these gases react together when passed over the surface of stronglv heatcil iron, the change to the enamelled tube was made to prevent any p. -nihility of the gas being chaniri'd iu composition wlieii iKissing through the >:itMt(lci- tube, which is exposed to the heat of the boiler flue. During the summer of l',)l)7, the Hue gas analyses were made in an » )i-'at- Muncke ajiiiaratus, and the gas was aspirated from the Hue throu-h the samjiler tube and the connecting tubes and through a three-way cock iii tin- ai)i)aratiis itself. When all air had been di.splaced t)y Hue gas the three-way cock was turned, thus admitting the sample directly into the mea-iinn;.' ve.ssel of the ai)paratus. In all later Ijoiler tests the gases were drawn tlir..u;;h the sampler tube ami through connecting tubes and a T tube to a water .;i t c.\- liaust. A coui)le of oOO c.c, aspirator bottles, shownin Plate LVII, containing ii mixture of e<|ual parts of glycerine ami water, and connected together tludui.'li the side tube at the bottom of each bottle by rubbertnbing, were used to crllcct the sample. One of the Vwttles was connected to the T tube mentioned i'.U-ve, b-,- vablxT tubing, with a spring clip on it: by raising the second bottle ami opening the spring clip., the first bottle and connecting tubes were filled ■Wth ??»»£ ^ j.'lyi'criiu' lUhl u.itcr. u|i to tlif jiiiictiuii < ' !lii' 'I' liihc pMst wliich the -tn'uiii fif Hue j:;is was llowinu. A -aliiiili' of fia- \\a> tticii drawn into the Imtllc l)y lowcrintr tlic scciiinl iimc. ttic >|iriuir dip eluded, tlic inlu ilisconticctcd I'i-dih the T tiihc and llii' -ample taken to llie lalmraldrv. 'I'he i;as was kept midef pre--ure, 1)\- keepinir the si^coikI liiiitle uppernaist, until it was iraiist'erivd to the Randall anil iiafnhart apparatus fur aietjysis. all pdssiliiliiy of leaks of air into the uas heina thus avoided. A nii\tui-e of f;lycei'ine and walei- has oid\- sliiiht s )h-ent ac (ion on i;ases IV tlie hi sT sulistitute f ir nieri'ur\- wlien of the I'haraeter tested and is piiilia! i-ollectinu- j:as sample-, I'nxhicir C/kn Siiinihs were taken from a slop-rork tapped into the i;a- niaiii on tin- ju'cssiire . ide of the hlower. Aspii-atoi- samplint; liotlles like tho-e deseriheil alio\e were Used, and the sample taken to the i;as lalioralol'V' and transferred to the i:as analysis appai'aius; hut at niuht. when it was iinl possihle to proreed at onre with the anal\'s"s. the samples wei'e eollccted iver water in 2">0 e.r. hmiles. the water heinn driven as eonipletely as |M)Ssihlc out of t|ie hottle- whirh ucic then eorked, lahelled. and stored neek downwards in a Irav of water. When the ua^ was required for anaKsis t lottles weie unrorked under water and the I' withdrawn into an aspiiator saniplinji holtle hy means of a suitahly hent filass leadin^r tuhe Ciiki ()v( II Gnu Sniiiplcy\\t-\v taken from the topof roke oveti litres of i;as heinj;- drawn through. The aas sam|)le tuhes were shaped like a cylindrical i)ipette for li -aii.pli- wnul.l \\i\ . In i.l A li.iilcr trial -ample alUT llii- n-aiiipliiiLi wmilil lie j:;.;:; A -ri-.iii.l (•i.ii-iuiiiiiciit ..|' r..al I lull! till' -aTiir iiiini' ami -caiii uiHil.n.i' Jn:;.; All. I a lliir.l r.iii~ii;iimi'iit. . , ^ . . ■ '■'•"'■''■'> If tlir iiliL;iiial r.ial wclv. f.r lAaiiipIr, '■> . llii'ii tlic liiilir >aliipli- u.iuM I.. l(i:l ami ~(. I. II. Ill ~.iliii' ra~ ■- a -atiiplr "f I'lal \va> >t-iil I liitii t lif mi lie ill t Uii Jiafl-. lii. -.■ \v<'!T -ampii'.l x'paialcly thru tiii\i'.| ami fc— amplcil : all tlncc >atiipli'~ u. iv Mtial\><'il. but lii)ilri- t rial.-, ric. wciv i-anir.! uiit dii the iiiixcil cnal ..ii'v. 'riic.-c tun paits (if the ,-ampli' \vi r.' iirii;itiall\' ili.' tlic lalir!- ..f the Mlic hasiliL: li^'rii -plit with a kliifi'. .■•'ill)pii,-c the iiuiiilicf mi the tau- '.. l.f -22. llii'ti; dial fi-cm till' -ark- uitli lli" Wimk' ta'^- -.Vdiilil lie '-"-' -p'it ta- 2-J>V Aii.l 1 li:' mi\i'il ciial. _'■- M .V dial . -ample fi.iiii t 111' liiiiliT t rial iif tlir mixed I'lial. . iiJ.' \1 ami -' ' nil. Sample- iif eiial fnmi liea\>- -(iliiiinii T '-ts, etc.. linic the iiiimlKT .1: Mi.' nri-ilial riial. fiilliiwe.l li\- ili-I im-t i\ .' 1. .-i- ami tiumlier-. l'.\l|-a sample- nf rual w llirli luel Imt I 'cii ilU'lil.le.l ill 1 he (ilii:ilia! -iln'ine were miiuliel'ed I'A. I . Iv\. '_'. etc. .\ s. tuple .if e.ike tliaile fl-.illl rn.il oM if il Were made in: - .Vii I )tt(i-ll(irfmaii liven at Sy.liiey wmild lie < 1 • .\ li:'('liive liven at HridLiepnrl ' - .\ Bernard (iveii at Sy.liiey Mines ( .; 1. .\ lieehive nveli at Ccileliian ( i- 'm^^f^mm ■w;.^m »-**^«5j«^r »- ,'e wi S|ii'CLJ ,-:iII1|iI|'-. (pf cnkr Uriv in.irkcil ('I. (■-', I'r. Salnplr- urtv ,u:,rlo.| ,|iv . air .Iry. ,„■ ,au a.T,,.-,liir.' I. f|„. .liviirr ir.atliiclil ihcy lia.l. ..r lia^! I1..1 ivr,i\-,-,|. lil.i l!l)S \\|) CM.CII.VTIuXS ■\" '■'■'■'"■''- "'■'■'' !•' '. "I.I u..,.J,;i,-. ,.|,.^. ,,ni,.,v,| a^ nia.l,. I,\ .a. h '■'"""^""'"^'^''""■"•"■^■' 1- 'l-'-l''"l:,.i..„-,...,-arv,-„nMlH,.nn,naMun u, r,. ina.lc IniM, tl,,. un:;!,!,,.^, aihi fiii.T,.! i,, ||„. -an,,. I„„,k, I,,, in fin,,. |., tin;,, llii- w,i|-k ua- lraii-l,.|.r,..| i,, i|„. y,--n\:n' r,.,.,,..,| | (,. ., -,.|,arai,. I k ii..ii,- k,-|i' i"i' '■.•"•!. rka-- ,,i «,,|.k: ,,n,'. tn,. ,.van.|.l,.. v.,-,- ,i-,.,| f,,,-' k.-.^pin.. a IV-. nl ,,l ,s,u,|,l,- iT,...|v,.,k an.,tl„T I,, I- n,.,i-imv .|,.i,.rn,inan,,n-. an. I -., ,",n' •|iu- wntiMi; ua-n,a.l,.uiil, a hanl |..aM'il. call,, m .ln|,li,at,- iMinu ina.l.. « hi,!, «.■!.' lili'.l auay in lli,. ImvirMiv vault-. OnK i|„. (,iiL;inal, ,.--,■!,( i-, I I|..|,,.,., ^^'■'■'' '''ri-'l (<■'«'< 111,. Ial„,l-at,,iy l„„,k> uIm^ii 1 1 an-l,.nin:; aliaU -,.- ali"-!,!,- tra.n,,n- ali.l ..lli.T ..ahMilat i,,n~ wviv ,..-? /',,ss f ■,..,/ (■,,.. /•■,,„;,. 11 I ■ "'"""""■'■"' -'■•;, „.-l ,.„,/,■■ l)„i„i„,i .... .'■' >■/,.,/,■;.,, .,.,.,,„.- / ^, ,,,,,/ „',,, ,.. ■..,/,. ' ■-' M..iMrKi: In Mii„. Samp!,. -I,,- „„ ;,i, n-!l;l I :!l lilllli'.f 1,)- at Ilia ('. iJ'JI I' ! ui.-l, ;„ s.in,i,i, .-,. I.:' ; 1 t..tal in,ii-iiir,. i..':) Ill l'..:il a< cliai-i:,..! int., H,.il,.|.- I! ,i|,.i ;'■ , *' li' ' .>;,! M- ,.|i:irir,.|| iiiin I'mijiir,-!.- I'l,,. .Im.,.|. T,.-t N,, _ 1'1!.)X1M\TK Awi.Vsls III llljv (,■....! i iM.i ,.:irl«iri .l.y ,|iir,....|.| 11.(17 o-i.i ' ; 1 •:: ' , 1 -11 iii.; ^immmm^^^M&fM^^m^^:mm l:;n Report of Analysis of Coal Coal Testing Laboratory. M s,^..;-M*, l-.rMMMiN. ... M -^i^- INmmikis.,, I J :i I 111, I s \,,1.,.,|. ,.,:.n 1.^ -.'.! -•'■■I- -'■ •' '■ ,1 ..II -.ini|.l'' :i- r.T.'i^v.l '■"' i..'t.-.l II. r ni.ii-i'ii. , .(■"'( ■'•'•■ ^''' ' ' '.il "s 'II. '.Ill ' , ill \-l, ...mI li'iuit 111 riiiillli' 11 .-:.l l.niiii "^'i '"'11,.. r ,^ .„^ |-i ,..,:il I. Mint III n\\._''ii ■ - - Ci iiMMi Anm \-i- "I I'l'^ ' "^' - -,,.,, , :■, . ; i;; r:.,l...ii ' ^'^^ ', j , , , ., i^ \!:;!:;r).i.-u^^^- i- '"^ "■';; 1: 'iMm-in.-in.n, .■: i u; o :;i ^ ^^r ^ ,, \ '^ |s Niliiii;.!!. . ■ ■' ' . ^. , I l>i ( iwuni il.\ .litl. I'll... (■m,..H1H. I'oUI I; "I lll^l ' "^' ,.„! ,„., .Mlu ■jn l.v Miilil.i- l; I'. i:il"rHiii'ii . •■ U.i.l . |..i II. -I , . -..Ill 7r,liT 7 li">ll i':il. I..I :;i 111. l.y IK, .111. I. ■.ill. nil""' ■"" • "" ;; iiiivjn U.T.I ;. ) :' •ji l.v ,-Ml.-iilati..ii,i,-,.k.."..i".^^:'"'' ■" ■"- ;,;,„, ,.;,!. ,.,.. ::n,M.. iii,)-|.l„ii,- ii.iii|.i r;iiiii''. ._,,-, 1.^ ,.:,l,.ii!;,ii..ii. rii'l-"i»''l '" '^■'''■'''" ■"" ici (■ |„,ji, I.li.ii.' t,iii|„i;ilur,.. . • ■'11 C.MS., I'Ki.i'i i:ni - ..1 r.m. /..'■./. .'- •""■■''■'■ '■'■ ■ ■ , ■.; i.:ii.i.i -s "-'I ■ ■>'i (■..Miii ,niii.iM\n'i II 1'^ "i.^ ^~',' , „- - •)-,.-, '■ ,,,„„ i'„,ii,tt,-i Ni.. '..' / '•■ -•' •' ■ -' ,; :ill iniiii l'n,ilui-ir Ti^^l N.. ;il Mi:i iiM. I'l.iM ..I- A-ii (• ,l..i;l,.f • ( , lllilir.-lill' |.- ;.._. ,|..r,,,.,~ |:,l,r,nli,.il . .,.„; ;i:i onii r. ,\nm i-i - '•'"''" '',,'' is.ii /,',|/m. ( // ■ 1!imu:k. (iiimi-t AIll IHtVIMi Cii.VI. •1-h, ,,uantiiv„f uat.T iurla,li..l wlieu coal i< lioudit ors,.l,l i~ u-a:i!iy. ....usiiU.nibli. il.ni. DitTi.n.ui i i^nni-u,^ of n,al inm, ih. -.n,,. .. ..»■ :..:■: s,.a„> .n.|i:il.l.Muli.v,.n.,.i.tun.,.imt..n,< whirl! aHl.r,n.a,ly arm.-, n,...^ „,i,„^„i, ,,„,liti„u^. .\t thi- .in„. tin,.., how..v.M-. th...v .Iocs ...m U,h- ,. . particular coal, a .Icliuitc li.inv towanls whi..'i tho pcnvuta... o. ..■- ■ L.nils to appnixiiuate when tlio coal i. Icf, cxpo.cl to ,hi an- hu, |. ■ i - fro.n ntlu: this li^.uv ran l.i> .k-crih.Ml a~ the pcrce.itajicol water i. .... -L; cml Vsthisp(MTeutaL'oisoiily a|)i.ioMiiiaU-iy<.in.'•'• ^'"' ■''"•■I ■■"^'''-'■"ahli,. lu-1... .„.,■,.:,„. I ,,,,1,1- ,„„„,..>• I'^'l"""" -I'l"'--.!--..!,,.::,,,,,,-,!,.. .|,„v,. .Mv„„h I,:.- a V ;,,„„„■, „v-„n. u.n.h .- :,,,|,n.M„.:,„.lv ()..-.s ,,„„„ ,|,,, ,„■ „,„,,. ,„,,,^,, ;„r ~,.„.lin.' in -■'•-•"';lMl.'-nluM.,,,l,:,-;,|,,,,,,i,li,,.,,,-,sp,,,,,,,, ,,,;,,,,,, I,,.,,,, ^^,.;^^^j l,^ -M,;,ll,-l,:,n.,-,„„.„|„,,„„. lilt ^ -. ij„ ,„.,• ,.„,.. l„„„i,|i, v ua^ ,■!, ,-,,, a- lillllL' nil A\lT:['J.r all,iM-|i|„.|',,. r.,||,|it i,,,, Tl.i- pro,.,.-. ,,1 air ,i,v ,„, „a. „„lv rani,.,! n ,, „„ ,h,. „.i,„. ..n.pl-s -..,„, ■ln'-'t"Ml„.,|,,„l,l,.,am,,l..,.a„-a~,l..M.nl„.,|al,MV,.. Tl„. .-a,.. ^^..,■,. „,,„„„,1 ;"::'";:;""''• '^■';''';-'"'""i"— "-.iau'.,,,,,,,,,, .,„,„^„i ,„„„„, ^^,,, 1. •, 1 ' "■->-a„.l w..,.l,-,l, ,|„. , ,.av- w,.,v ,l,.,t plar,.,| in a >,„.,ial l„.^ ,,,..1,. r.a-.,„al.ly air-tl::hT. m whirl, M„all latl,-to,,k,|„.|,l;,„,. ,,,■ q„.|,,,., ,,, .j,,,^^, ''■■' ■'"■ ''nTulatiun, an,l in whirl, u,.,-,. aN„ plan.,! a n„n,l„.,- of n^av- ron'tain- m. h.inp- ol pn,„„.,. M,,n,. -tan.ln,. in il„. ,.,!,■!, u„ rhlori.l,- .,l,„i,,n d-'iO i.-,t,ro|-avHy,lrt,.n„,n..,|at l.", ( '. ) S... I'la.r I.IV. Thr lrav< n( r„al uviv w,.id,r,l irom tunc t„ nn,..: i, wa~ ..nvraily r„„n,l that thrv io-t in w,.i..ht Mnl-ut ,t w..,.k ,„■ „.u ,|av- an,| tl„.u l„.,an f, ^ain -li.htlv. this ..uu w.s pn.h:.l;lv .hh.toox„lafi„n; ,1„. ,„aNin,nn, U- wa- takrn a- thr wat.r l„,. rat ' ]„>. l„.,.a,n.. v,.r^ .l„w; l„a n.>,.it. ob- taiiie.l on hi-li Mioistiitv .■oals arc not likclv to I,., vcrv r.,n-i•""'"-'■ '■"•■''-''■"'^"'av,.ra^..ori.7..|„,r,.,.nt water a- rJiarLvJ " •" "■"' =""' '•''" !"''• '■<■'!' '" 'li'' i-..rr..spon,linL' air dricl ,,,in,. ■ a;:nv,M..nt is only tairiy oh.s,.. l,„t at ,1,,. s,n„. tin,,, th,. Ii^,„vs ?• ■ tl';.tth.. water l..ft in. ■oal air, lri,.,l:: hove, i> appro.ximatelv the ^.n„. a> that !o,in,| m wl,at tnay he ,l,.s,.ril,e,l a- .onnnercial drv coal " The av^'j:'- n,o,>ture m the ul.ove :ir> nunr satnples us i-eeeive,!. ami befotv nir aryu... was i'.!)t j.er cent, the avera-e loss in air .Irvinj: ,,,,-. th-'ivfore 1-0 P'l" c-nt, AXAr.YTICAL METHODS AXI) PERIVICI) HESLI-TS GENERAL Iil;M\I!KS The .■quipn^cnt of the laboratory inclu,le,l the followintr apparatus not t-I-,.where described m this report: a Sanorius balanc .,,,,1 w,,;,..,.,. ■M-.u,.,- anven ap:ate mortar j^rinder; a specially aesi^ned hot air ^ui, a Mason hydrometer; a gas heated hot plate; an .■lectricallv 3i,;f5r ^"k-QK l„-;il.'.l pl:l' llir il-il:cl ill |i:il:il '1- :i None of llii-r lvi|Wlli ,|i-rri|il H'li r\' 1_>" . i_> ' iii-blc iliiiHii-iiin- u I all. I ari'ali ,1 -., llial II wa- imp ,i,l III , III.'- ..| a I'l.i'liiH'al lahiilal.' ,1 ,1„. ,,\. II ulii'li "a- alMiiil ■Jl" I, .,x ~|„.1\, - Ih al.a !•:■ 'Ja- tlMin ill.' -i. ...IMr loV llic llMfllt '^a ,| -,, I lial I III' ail w III ill I'lltrl'i ,1 ai ill- li"' I "II -I ■- 1.1 I'liii r I III' 11" li -1,1 h I iM'l' rai iil'iliT In I..I.' II <'-i-:i| thr iiM'li ua- ii "-;il tlir.iM'jii laii'.l liv II \c||! la.ll-- 111 an- ..1' a '^a- p llir ri...|, 'I 111' Irliipi laliil' ll'r rr'^Ulaliil' M. >iirlc1 \ .•ill ,il,.-rnli -.1 111 papi Ma\ J, I'H I ll ua- I'.'ini.l 1.1 III' .|Mii.' imp ,--il.l. 1.1 I. -Ii-'M iva.l liil.Ti' till' I ;ii: ■III m I III- il-i' 1.1 III lirmii';il apl lal'alil- 1- -I': ili.,l ami raial..'^'ii'.i in mi'irn' uiiil- l.v ,| I, ill. a' in riii:i-li Mini- M \\:i- n. iliMii'^lil iiiTc — al'>- I" '.'i\' I.I ilivali'lil - III i':i .|i ra-:'. a- ill" illiil- Uivrli ni I ill- I'.'p 111 all' t llii-r 111 cullllll'in U- fiir ilia! p-il'l irnlal- ra- Is mill, ll ll',' ...11111111-11. Ill till, ITlrrll.! 111. :iii. iiii'a-iii'.'- iilm. rimilii'i 1- :iii' 111 ll,,.. Clirliii-l- 11-1' milni' Wll'^lll- all. -I |.M-l.|-l\rl,\ : I'll hiiai :i\- r.'p.'i 1 vi.-iiP- wh. n ai'i' .mpl.i,, .! ii.,| '\\ I'liiii-li mill-. W iirii p 111 lull- 111 implr- ii'ipiir. ,1 Piiali\ ilrli'iininaUiiii arr ui i-iit- it 1 li. iiitii a ."iMiiii' i|i. a p|-.'-.|.li riiiiiii , I wri'^lll i|..._'. 1 .." 1,1. tak. n: lir.l tiii'H' i- n lialiili!\ '" im li-tur.. iliaiiLii' 111 till- -iiliipii' ni.rniL' wriuliMi'j:. iiml. ''~l" ■laliv w ll I, ruai- lii'-:li ill -iilplnii' ll. tlii'rc 1- .lan.'r! ll thr h":i \ irr mairria I aiTiinniliil ni'- '" '• ^"' I- thr li.itl.iin .'! 'h.. -lillip liial a rrpn-riiiii'iM' pinH'iii I- n it ulitailii'.l. il " !■ -aiiipli' 1- liilM .1 1.11 hiTl III piipi .liilT rrli iAIIIL; lit Kill Inr all ana |v,i- till. Jattri- ilairi. r 1- ahviati"!. I'll! ill'' liiil'ill'.v m i ii,,i-t iit'i' rlia ir^r 1- i^i'.ali'i-; all I .1- Ihr V. 1,1.1.. .-aiii|ili' I- tlin- I'Np the ili' .ffin !• lift Wi'i'tl iiiav III' riiti-iil<'i'alili'. ll 1,1 ihr air I'ai'h tiiiic a p . 1 i.iii i- i'|.|iiii\i'il till' anal* -I- 1 hl. tlliii-t nil' r.illlill' ll' tin- lii-i ami la-i |iiirtiiiii- It \\a- 111 111'. .1' til iiVcl'riillli tli(. iiii'l hull III lillin^ M lai-^r miniliri' I'l -pi'i'inn ilopti'il. 'I'hr -aiiilili' V. - "( 11 iiiiM'il. a- alii'a. ,- lillnl with a tlinriiu-hl.v iTpri'-i'lHat ivr | thr aliiiM- ilillii'iiltii 'li;i' 11 lulii- with till, -alnpi. «:,- Iv ,l(-rriliril. am! "u'li "■'" 11 : a I'li'-h liil'f \\'a .'1 i'"'' I'ai'h ili'ti-rtnitiati.iii. an 1 ii- ,.i,i,i,.iit-^ wciv w.'i.^hrl nut withiiiit aiipr, csjiosiin til lhr atimi-lihm'i'. ^\ hni a |i,iiti.iii nl a ll ^alllpll• \va- n 'I'lil' inv all alial\-l-. a -illta hlv -i/.i'.l -ainpli- tulir 111 11 wa- taki'li, Wlj"'.! » M' :' .lu-trl'. urii^liiai, ilii' '-"al •■tiipi"''! I'l'" ' itnl, an. I till' "11"' at iilirr I'r-r lii. , iiaililr ,,r vr— rl ill wliiili .' \^- ;|i(.il. thi' ilill.r.n iikr.i ami ri'-vvri m wciLiht '^iMiii: sililc til laki' a pi'i thr cxart wi'l .jht I if i-iial lakrii; it wa-. Ill riiiii'-i m. ,l,,,,.,„ii,iril uri;:ht nf the -aliipli-. 'I'ln' alinvr mi'tln i-:(.il I'lir all regular i-nal satiipli'>; 'm t I'm- ri. . ami a^li ^ainp lliipiinan! riia 1 saiiipli'^.lli'' iiMial tiii'ilii'il 111 wi'i-hiii.L; iV.im a a cDiiii t(.i'|iiii-.t.il -riiiip was cm] tiiili-. the phl'a-c "n a rt'liol'l ll) I'livi'V tllc (■iiii1i"it> 111 all aj.p iliiyr.i. 'I'll aviiiil tin' I'cprlili'Hi nl i- ■.|ii;ni:i- krtl" ha- lii'i'li il-ii! i'l ''''■ eratii 111 ' ni' -aiiipli' w.i- la 1, ,i!ilhi. \v,.i,u:hiliL;.il'r\ai'tly"lii'.;;l'alii llia-rii'il ,1,, i,,l. .. tl,i. i.\ai't «i till' luttci' wa- if cinir-r, i-tiipliiyial 111 iiiaKim: tm the iirrf-,-ar,\ ca li'ulan. -I- 1" the ilclcniiiiiaTioii iii niii'>tion. ,.» .! ji^ ■ -■''/ :», !■ .1. M\ :iln' rill.' ii.'cr :i!iiii 'li;it tta- ■ llM' ml.ir 'lilV'i ith ;. ll|iM- 1 wa- ■ im ■ I'llll;::- 1 tl.l- l-r I-: :ht :.\ ,- iVv lli.'-iiii: ;i|.|Kinitii-. >!i,ni;,M! !mI„,i:,,,,,a I i,-,, ,1.1,1.. m .,1 \|ii, Mi-I.il, I u<\,y-v\ . .1 I In , I,, ■^^mL^^w^:^ ijs&s^x^wsxs^nawj^t^ ' 4fti^J6 .» ' *,. ■*»f;, m ii-.tfij».»Mvi' -u ; . ->*.n:.f^..itm^7a^yK ^ 13:} Whi'ii a i'licl i< Imrncil in ,iii cnlinary caloriin.'t.T the p ,ii,t~ (,f coiri- iiu-liciii arc (-(M,!,.,! ,l(,uii 1,, nr.liiiaiv trnipcial uiv~, ati.l lliu< -Ivr up all llicir iva.lilyavailalilr iii-it. In a Mcairi l.nilcr ,.r -a- Mi:;iiir 1 hr pi-.MJiicls ,,f r,,in- Imstii.ii al\vay> ocapc at a trmpnal uiv almw lliat .if l„,ilii,- watci-: tli.iv i-^ thus \yasTc,l u..t ,,m1v ihr M-n-iMc hral nlthc -i-i- l.ut aUn ilir latrin li.-al ..1 va|iori/ali.Mi ,,1' an> M. am pn-rnl. The -rri-iMc heal waMcd will vaiv will, the (•Mti,|ili,,M~, ImiI. a- 111,, laliin hral uf 1 h,. -, ram PHmIuccI i~ a ,|c lini'lc au.l .|Uitc coii-hlciaMc aniduiii ami i- ahiai-l iiicvil alilv ua-1iMl. il i- ollcu miW- "■■■"■"■'' "■'"" 'I"' '■•il'ililic \alui' nl ihr lucl ilir ,-,..ul| Kcin- railed lli,- i„.i '"■ '""'■'■ '" 'li-liii^ui-li il lioin III,. ,|,,,.niiii„M| .■alniili,. vahi,' whirl, i, railed lh,. j;n,s> ,„■ hiuh.T. 'H,,. -n,.. ,-al,,rili,. value ,il a lilel ,aii l,e delliicl a- the heal .Nolved by l he , •,,!,, pi,,,. ,.,,inliU- 1 ion ,,| ui,i, w,.i;;ht i,,|. v,,lu!iie).nlieiithep|..„lu..|-.,l,.,,inlMi-,i.„,ar,.,.,,.,l,.dl..wal,.iM.1,...a1 ,,rdiiiary ""'i"''.ilil'''-^: 'II'' n,.1 ..ahu-ili,. valu,. i~ ,h,. l„.al ..v.lv.d l,v lh,. ,.,iinpl,.|e I'.lllhilMi,.!, ,,f iinii w,.i;;ht i,,i. v,,lllli„.|. wh,.|i ih<. pr.MJu,.,, ,,1 ',.,„, ilMIMinn al,. r.",l,.,l 1,, wali.r vap,.iir, ,.t<-.. at ,,nli- aiy lenipi.ial uiv~. Thr.M,.J„,ui i|,i. ivp,iit th,. -|-,,.v~ vaiui-,,iily aiv -iv,.n. ,.\,.|.pt ,ii il,|. ,.a~i. ,.| ealniili,. valu.- ,,f u:iM.s ,.ah.ulal,..l (vntn alialyM- wh,.r,. l„,lh valu,.- alv ,i;iv,.ii. It' il„. |;,t,.„l hi'at i>r>t|.ani at ..r.liiiaiy l|.in|i,.ra1 uiv-- i- lak«.u a- .".'.Mi ,.alnri,.- p,.,- n,-;,,,, ,,,r I07:i U.T.r. |M.r p,,uii.l).il„.ii tl ,.al.,ri,.> p,.!- iiraiu (..i' II IVT.r. p,.,- p,„,i,.|i h:iv,.t,il.,.>iil.ir:,,.i,.,l i>,,iii lh,. nr,,,, ,.al,,iili,. valii,. ,,1 a ...al |.,|-,a.-h per ,■, in .'I wati.i- il (...iiiaili- uh,.|i liurii.-.l, aii.l •">:! .-ahiri,.- p,.r L;ialii ...I'.Mi IVTI'. pel|).MIIi,ll I'.il- ,.aeh p,.l- ,.,.nl ,,f liy,||.,,;;,.K ii ,.,,i„aill- l.uh,.]. ihau h\ .h . .l;,!, ill ill,, water) in iir,l,.r t,, nhtaiii th,- iiei .-ahirili.. valu,.. All ,.\anipl,. will >l„,w th,. iii.ih.Ml ,,1 ,.al,-ulali,,n. ami th,. inaLihii u.i,. ..! lh.. .■.iir,.,.ti.ill \\hi,.h liia\- lie |.\p,.,.i..,|. r,.|,l \„. 1 I. wl„.„ ,l,y, ,.„„laii,- IS ,„., ,.,.,,1 l.v.ln.i;,.,, :„M I,,,- a L-n-- .al.Hili.. sal,,.. n! I,,., 11 .al,.,,,.- |„.,- L'l-ain. A- l„v,l a,le ll„. I,„,l..r ,i ,.,„„:,i,„.,| 7;; ,„■, ,-, ,„ ol ual,-,: '"■'"'-"■"'•'"">"' "■•'-■ lii..i..l..iv. |.v "".,.'■", I, :„ i- |.. -,,„.,■,, .,„ ,„„,,, III, I 11-- iiitiiiir ilu' I I l( I 7 ^^.in.-.^,„lh,.^val,.^...l„lil-^,■o-,..|,„.i,i,. v,l„.,17a(, • ,,,' ' ^ il.al ,- li-as ,.,,l„ I "Mll-lilMl lei- Ualll' in r-ii;|| i- 7- " liy.le.i;. a in i-ii:,! i- I . 1,1,1 >Mt. II .all lil'a 'I ,,t:.| iiille.li,, -'--:; rain ^M... Lrn- ,-al,,rili,. .al,„; ,,| i !„■ ,■,,,,! .,- lae.l i,„,,,|„. I.,,!!,,- ,-, il„.n.|on., li-lill ,.:i|,,n,- ■'"'I''" "> ' ^^.i'l.. ■ilIM' .•a!.,n..- piT^'iaiii, ,!,■ I I |,|.ri.,.iil I..". l.ir >,,li,| fu,.!.-. ,.al..rili,. vahi,.~ aiv ,uiv,.n l„,il, in ,.al,,ri..~ p,.r -rain ali.l aUo in Hrili>h Th,.riiial liiii^ |.,.r p.,un.|. f,,r L;a-...,iH lu,.|-. tln-v aiv .!:!\.n ill Hi.iii>h -l-lHrnial fnii- p,.r ,..,l,i,. |u,,i ,,|- il,,. „,,. „„.aHir,.d n„,i>T at ''" 1' , aii.l un.li.r a piv-siir,. .if :in" ,il' nu'irurv. Hi" cuiTeiit lnt,.nia,i,,nal Afunie \Veiulii> |,av,. l„.,.n ii<,.,l thr.,in;hout il". -AiiAi (,ixy,i;cii^= ICIKI.i M.H>ri i;i:. ■. p^iiceiaiu cru.il.i,. ,,r ,ap.-,,i,. ua~ n;nit,.,l. ,-ihiJ,.,1. an, I wei-he !. wii' ■■rmn ni the sample was lak.-ii an.l pla,'.!,! in th<. erm-iM,.. whi, h' 131 ,va- thru hc.alr.l ... a hot a„ nvru 1., Wr> V . (-1-F., iuv ,„„. l,o„r \1 tl.r .'...I ..I iIm' 1....1I' ll.- ••■■uril'lr w;.- 1l-al.-l.riv,l to a ,lr-lrr.1or, ul.rl. it wa- allnwr.l to ruol ov.'.' -tmnu M,l|,|,ii,-ir a.'i.l; wlif.. <-l.l it «a^ a-aii. vv..i.^l,.Ml. iH.in- .■ovr.v.l ,lurli... wrijii.,.: l.v a .•oUlit..nn,i-'-.l vvalrli .1:.^ ■n„, ,li|T,.,v.,r,. I,r1ur,.l. tl.c- fll.al Wrid.t atnl tl.r Mlin ot tlw ol-.-l.ial Wri.l,- „f ,!„• rniril,!,. a.i.l thr -oal o,- r,,kr, i- lli>' lo-^ in Wrl..l,t Mur to i1h' Wat. ' havi,.- \'-rn ,ll-lvrn nil. ami t.-o.n thi- tin- | ..■.rriil a'.r,,l n,..i-ln.v,„ tl.r-an.i.l can lie c-alc.ilatcil. n\|.|. CMIIlllN AM' vol. Mil. I. M.Vll lH. ■|-1„, vnlatilr inallrl- ill roal wa- .|i tnniinr.l l.v li.at in- ..iic iiralii ■-; ,1„. .ample iu a -n r.v. |.latimini ciu.'iM. haviii- a wrll tiliiii'.: h.l. I..; ...v.MMuiuul.- ovrrthr lull lla.nr of a flui.l.iork pnlTrlaiu Inin.rr: li,.. In ^ in wri-ht "avc tl.c vnlatilc .natlr.-. Tlin rni.'il.lr wa- Mll.^nnr,! l.y a |.l: ' i„„„Mria,.d,- iTMin. onHir tn,, nf a liiv.-lav rhininnv. 1 lin tnaii.lr l„.n_ ,l„„n ;• nil al.ovr ll,n ..l-ilirr nf 1 lie l.i.l-urr: tlir .•viinl.l,. wa- MlM-n.lln 1. .i l,v an irnl. rliiiinirv. li.i.Ml with a-KrMn-. :!• 1 ,■,... li.^h a...l , .1... .hani,,,. ■n„, ,-,,.,. llan... nf tlH-l.urii..rwa- almut -JO ,iii. hi'^h. th'' air Mipplv 1,hi,_ .„ a.l.in-ir,l that tlir inn-i' mn,. of tlir Ham.. j.iM .li'l not to.irh tlir cninhl.: th,. nilt-i.li. of ill., li.l alway- i.unil rlnali. l^.t 1 hn .li-hlo Wa- Irlt mvc.Vil Ui^l, cai'lioii, li\r,l callMm ua- ralnilat- 4 L.v -i.ht la.-Uli'^ f.om nil.' liuialivil ihr -Ulii of thr |.cnrinai:.- of vnlatilc liiaiiiT ali'l a-li. Tin. ahovc mciho.l i> i.ra.ii.'allv that iTcnmnicna.'.l I'.v the Amcrir;,!! Chcmiral Snrinv, ..vri.l thai .hy '-kA i- l.-'.v H. "-h,. ni^per -..rfaee nf ,he mver -hmihl hum .'l. :.r ml l he ,„„1,.|. -urfare -liniiM remain env,.p .1 wilh earl.nn. In IiimI llie \ n.:inh- Cnliihu-lihle Matte.-' ^uhtra..! tll(. pereeli (> nf mni-tlire frnlll th fnliml !l|.|e. ' The ahnve meihn.W are imi -iiitahl.. h.r -ample- hi'ih in vnlatile n : 't.r .urh a- liLinn,.- "r p..at. a- the rapi.l .-eape nl ^a-e- eau-. - >nlal niatur :u he ,l,n,wnoilt nf the ■..■....ilile. Linuile- were -.iv.... -eve.l mlll..1..^ heat ill. eV artlv like enal -ami.l..<. ex..epl that theheatin- wa> very gentle at In-t 'ttitH ,nn>t of the vnlatile mailer lia.l I"-.... driven nil. A U'W^.^nal- esplnd. U when lieatt.'l liy t||(. re-Ul-ir r.K.liinii ami ^o haii In in- 1V< ati .: uia- li.-iute-. ^Inur. .\ai. (■I.,'ni. So,.., V,,l .\\1 (IV'd'. I'- ll-i'-'. Mm 4_ 1.3.-) The iiljovc iciliuiU ;iiv :il n-iiiii-il |',,i- cdkc. wliich il,,,.- hdi LLi-iicr;ilc siliririciit •_'a~i-s |.M.\,-lii,li. i|„. .lii' iViiin llic iincil.lr .lniiiiL; 1 hr licutilii;- lirocfs- ; there i~. in mi|imm|||(.|ici.. ^ii iiii'vil;il)lr lo~- nf ccikr l,y ii\iil:itii)n, wliidi loss nui't imt l)c civilitrd to volalilc iii:i1lcr. A ininihiT ui incthoil-, olil ami mw. wore ti'stnl. 'riic iv~ult< of llir-c I'M- arc -ivcii in A|i|icii.|i\ \'. Wil. \' 1 , ihc one liiialK- a'lii|iii.(| i- a< I'lilluws: - A |i(iirclain boat \vi- i-iiiliM|, co.ili.l. aiul wciulir.l, ali.l lillcl willi coke L'romid to |ia~- an M( ini'-li screen: il wa- then dried in an oven for an hour at a teniperanire between lO.V and llo ('.. rooled. and re-\veii;heil ; the inerea>e in weijilit lieini; the \veii;hl of dry iMke taken. 'I'hr lioat v.a- then ii;iiiled for I.') niinuli'-, at a leni|M'i-at ure of a|i|uo\inialely :m|() ( '. hi an atino-|ihere of nitroLien in a jilaiinnni eoinhiiM ion lube. When eoid. tiie lioat \va~ re- weii;iieii. and the lo-- in wci^hl taken a- \olalile matter. The platinum tube wa< about TJ" loiu;- and I" (Hameter, il had loni; pkitimim eajis at eac-h end to uhieii lubber tilbinu' could be attached. .\ twenty-burner combii-tion funiaci' «a- u.-ed for heatiiii;, only llio~c burner- which were under the lube were Ih and the tap.-: for these bunier>;, haviiiL' been once adjusted to ^ive a suitable flame, were never altered; the - wiiirlu', crucihlc. wliii-li wa- |ilac<'il in a -a-llrcd iinitllc liiniarr aii'l lifalrd. iicnlly , lii-st ami then iiniiv -imndy. uinil ii licraiiic a fairly lii-i::lii iv.l. Oiir lioui licaliliL' wa- tisiiall;. -ullirirlil 1iil)Uiii ilic coal; ImiI m i-ii-uiv i |iliH' ckii tiu-li(in 1\V(i Id lliivc \\imv< licatiir^ wa- unirially allownl. 'I'lic iiiiltlir liai! Iinlr a1 llii' liack ami ilir door wa- Iff -li-liily nprii durinu ilir pi-uci--, ■ji.. cnirihlr wa< thru iraii-fcnvil lo a dc-ii-caKir. cn.ilrd and wciiihi-d; iIh' wcil:!:: (if a-^ti left wa- llni- ddri'mincd. Ill llw ca-c nf -aiiiplc- of ivfn-c la-h and l•lild^l•l■l fr.mi ImiliT a-ily rei;iilaled, so ll at there was |e~~ n-k of coal heiii'i lilown out of the erucihle liv too suddcll (•oiiil>U,-tioii. CAKIIDX AM> in DlfixnON" The u-i .' method was adopted for the del. iiuinalioii of earl.,.ii and hvdroiirii in coal. .\ wi'iLilied (luaiitity of coal is iiiiriit in :i current of oWLicii in a hard '^lass tiilie heated in a coinhuslioii fuiii:irr. ihe ]irodiict- of coll ilni-1 ion are then pas>cd over >lrondy healed cojiper o\i,lr To com]ilele their o\iilaliiill and over -vntly healed lead chroinate w!;!(li retains i he -ulphiir. The water and the carlion dioxiile ihii- i !'i- dnced are collei-ted ill >uiTal>le ali-orlieiit s and weii^hed. The w.'ii:hi n| liic hydro;i<'n in i lie coal iM-alcnIated a- (>- I 1 I'.t doi:. l-(l|s7i time- thai of ihc waier pi-oduced. and the callioll a-(l-'-'7L'7 llo-j. l-i:'..'.?! tinie< the carh-li dioxide. Two iiiipoHant moditicatioiis of ilie .^..neral metlioil were eiiiiiloye.l : ilic lii>t of iIm-c nhidilicalion> wa- praciicall\ that atlopied hy Prof. .\. W 1 'nl for I he work of 1 he r. S. Coal Te-iiiri I'laliT at St. I.oui>.' .\ tuelilv^ivc hurniM' Uiin-eii comhiislion furnace wa- u-ed to heat, a Uoheiiiiaii oi .ii iia i;la-.- coiiiliu-lioii mtii' alioiit li)l) cm. loim and .'(I mm. out-ide dian.i.r in which iheiv were. lieLiinnim; from the outlet end iwliere the pr.ii.ii- of coniliu-tioii leave (lie tuliel: ii). a loo-e plm; P. I'ln- lolli; foriin ' hv a spiral of cop]ier 'iau/.e plac i.KUlfl). p. IM. hcyciiul each cml of tli>' fiiriKH'c ainl \v:is cld-cil ;it hutli cnil- Kv ucll littiiiL', ■iilijllt' horccl. ful)l>('r »tii|i|ii'i- uliiili ui'iv iirotcrtcil fi'oin tin- heat of tlic furnace liy a1o^ -ci'i-cii-, l)\y^(.ii ;,\\,\ ;|jr wciv ~u|i|ili(.,| fi-niii i;a< holders ami wci-e jiurilir.! li\- |ia--iiiL;' tlirouiili a 'I'l-anhcis (IryiiiL; ap|iaralii~ wliicli coiisi-tfil of a \Va~li l)otllc i-oiiIailiiliL; >troMi: -iil|)lni|-ic aciil, another c.intainini: a one to one >ohu ion of cau^lic |io1ash. and a K!" I' tulie the fir-T hmh of whieli was lilleil with i;rMnulated -oda lilne and the second with i;|-atni- lateil caleiuni rliloride: llii^ imrifyiim train was in dii|)ncate .-o tliat o\yi:cii coiihl lie jiassed lliroU'^h one hah' and air tliroiiL;h the other. Tlie two lialves were <'oiiiiected liy a T to a ;;his- >to|)-e(i(d< tuhe. one eml of wliicji |ia--eil throiiuli the nitilier >1o|i|ier itito the itilet end of the coinliu-t ion tidie. The al)sor|)tion train at the (jutlet end of the romKu-t ion tulie eon-i-ted (if a li" Marclialld I' till)e tilled with calciutn chloride to alisorl) inoi-linv, and a (ieissler or a ( ieissler-Wetzel ] lot ash hull), with iiuard tulie containinir .-oda lime atid calcimn chloride, to alisorli carlion dioxide. .M'ter the Marchaiid V tube iiad lieen tilled with calciuni chloride, the o|ien liinli was sealed off alLiI a stream of carhon dioxide passed lhroui;h it for an houi' in order to convert any oxide ]ireseii' into carlionate: the c.Milion dioxide was -wept oiit with dr\- ail before the tulii' was use.l. ( )ne >ide tillie Was |ia->ed through the (iiitlet cork of the cotnliilst ioti tulie. a liulli lietween this and the litiil) (if the r tube cauji'lit most of the watei- |iro(luce(l. and as tlii> was shaken and boiled out of the bulb at the etid of ea.ch ex|ieriinent , one (illinir of caleiiiin ehloride (about o"i j:-ratiis) la>1ed for a lar.i;c nutnber of deterinina- tidtis; the (itlier side tube was connected with the |i(ita suction was adjusted to he nearly but not qiiitc sulHcient to draw air throULrh the whole ap])aratus, air or o.wjreii was till " --up]i]iod to the ]iurifyin,ii: train under .-li(;ht pressure so that it couM pass tliniiiti:h the whole a|>p;irattis. and as the interior of the combustion tube was ii: icr .-lijiht suctioti there was less dan.irer of leaks than if it had been under I'i'('--ure. When the absorption traiti was not in jiositioti the '.luard tulv was "-•■'; ■■> jirotect tlie uUtiel Olid o! ilie coiiili',i>l ion lube. Before any e-xporiiuents w.'fe made with a combustion tu'^e it was ?tr(ii|(.;|y heated I'tid a si i, am of oxyiiCi. passeil throuiih it in order to burn otit V^ any 'iruaiiii- iikiUct from llir tulic or its cotitciil-.. Tlic wiiiilc :i|i|iaia1u- wa al-o rari't'ull>' tc-lcil for li-ak>. In an actual (Aiicriiiicin iliat part - .f tlic tiilic- rontaitiiii- the- coiip, oxidi' was licatcii to a lpri::ht ivil, with tlir. .ri'|iiioii .if the tii--t frw n-miiin'ir. wliicli wciv left cool, the Jian I'oiit aiiiiiii; llic Icail cliroiiiatc was hratcil I a liai-cly vi.-ihlc ivil. Mcaiiwliilf the calcium cliloiiilc tiilic aii.l pota-li \in\- of the al-^orpl ion train wciv wciiili-Ml ami -ct n-uU-. ami a i>latimim or jm' ■■•clai' lioal. whicli hail ln'c^n i'^iiitc.l ami coaniplc to he aiialv-cd int nuliiccil into it a> tollow-: the .-ampli' tul ciintainim: llic c'>:il was wciL;hc(l ami a -iiilalilc amount of coal poured oi,- into llic lioat which wa- rc-iin'.' on a cork which had a uroovc cut to tit th' l)oa1 and wa- covered with tin I'oil; the tiihe was at on-e recorkcil, the ho:.- put into a di'siccator and the ttii)e then re-wii-he(|, the difference in wei-l,- was the exact weiuht taken for analysis. When the comhii>lion luhe w,:- propeflv healed tile alisorption train was connected up to lite outlet etid. !!»■ inlet cork wa- laketi out, the copper spiral temporarily reinoveil -.ud plac. I on a clean watch i:la>s, atid the tioat of coal intiodm'e.l atid pushed nearly ■.;■,, to the pluL' confiniti!: the copper oxide: the coiijier spiral was then put hark ami the cork iviilaced. A very >low current of oxyueu wa- then caused !u pass throuiih tiie whole apl)aralu<; the iiurner- at the inlet end of the in!..' were now lit up. hut until the coi)per spiral wa- at a lirij;hl feil lieat no hi at was allowed near the boat. The most critical part of the experiinelit i~ in the tJl-adual heatiilfr of the coal in the boat to drive off the volatile fialt. i. Tiiis mils, be done very slowly otherwise inethaiie and other hy ilrorarhcii- nniy escai>i' unl)urnt from the tube; the heatin;: was done l)y pro,i:iV"i\ > ly lin;htini; the burners uinler the iioat. aliproachini; it from both sides lief.irr any burners immediately underneath were lit. tlie llames were kept \riv low !it iir^t and then turned iij) little liy little, and finally, when the llaii,.> were full up. the tiles for this part of the furnace wer,' closed one by on. ;.. further increase the temperature. .U no part of the experiment, if prop, dy I'arrie.l out. should there l)e tuore than a sientle succession of bubble,-- thr.ii,_'h the iiola>h bulbs. When all the volatile matter had been driven off, ihr oxy^'en current was ^li;:htly increased and maintaitted until the coke left in the boat was i-.impletely buriie.l: the proiifess of the combn-tion coul; :.. watched bv observiiifi the ^low in the boat; this wa.- reiiulated in inl.'ii-ity bv means of '.he oxyjron and was never all.)W. to become at all briulit us there mij;ht be fusion of the a>h. The oxy^ien >^as cut olT some live or ;.'ii minutes after the rond)Ustion appeared to be comiileted. and air wa-^ ilcii pa.s.sed throu.Ldi until air only was left in the abs(n-ption train: eacli ci.tuc rentinietre of oxvfien unrei)Iiicc'd by air in an alison)tion tube causes i '..» weijili about IJ tenths of a inillim'ram too much. The air current was \ ry gentle at first but was iiicreased later; about a litre of air was drawn thr.i i_ii in an hour. During the latter i)art of the experiinent care was taken t.. - c thai any luoisture whicii liad (,■oulletl^ed in thr- cool part 'f tlie tube >y '!? outlet cork was driv. ii on into the calcium chloride ttibe; if necessary t'liit part was lieat.-d by means of a hot tile. The diffusion of water, etc., into he itil.i iil|iiiiin tul.r- hail liccn piv|iaivi| anil wrii:nr.| ami anothrr iinat i(f ciial wcinlinl. it ua- ciiininfncril at om-r. I'l'"' "■ '" '"" li'iur-- wci-c laki'U in lirinLiin^^ :]u- liiinarc up i,, |,,|| |„..,, afti'i-tlic liiiat wa- int rmhuv,!, nxy^cn wa- pa-i'ij thmui^h loi' alu.ut an In.ur louuvrat full liiMt, anil thru air wa- pa-nj throuiih fi.r am.! hi-r huurti, -wr.p nut tiif ii\y-r:i. Twii nmipli-tr nunliu-tiun- with nm- fnrnarr iii,,k a- a nilcciL;hl (11- ninr hour-, lM|t witii iwii lurnan- it i|i,l i,,,. ,akc inurh l,,n-vr for oil" o|i:'raIor lo tuakc four iji'ii'i-inination-. Auanaly-i.-of li-nitc wa- founil to rri|uiri' urcat i-arc in I he initial hfatinir: uiiii coke orcvt II anthracitr this couM hr Inirrinl. W. I'ollanl.of thrdrolouical Siirwy of laiLilaml ami Wal.-. rrruniini'mi,- that the l.oat -houlij rr-t on a -trip of platinuiu foil in the coniliu-tion ml..': ■•liiis prevents an,\ rhamv of its stirkiii'^ to the :n\>v. ...nl dinn'iii-hi- th,. rliancc of any copiicr oxiilc ailhcrin- to it. " The pluus anil iliffu-ion spiral arc ili-crilicil as liciiiL' spiral- of cojiprr !;auzi'; it will.of courM, he easily >ii n l hal in use the cojiper i- rapiillv o\i- lii/eil ami that after a few expi rim.nts they will he almost entirely ropp,r ()\i'li', altliouiih relainiiur their oi'iuinal shape. The o.xyueii u.seil wa- supplied hy the Dominion Calciuni I.i-nt Co.. of Mont real. It was jirepareil. ehielly for inedieal use, l,y heatimr pot,a-iuin clii'irate. IMank expi'rinient s were mail i su',^ar to test the purity of the 'i\y 11 ami the a(Tur:.ry of the ajiparatu- li.'foiv he^'innini: the re-ular series. Th: sceoml nioiliticationof theiieiieral met liml of .leteriuiuation of earlmn ain! hviiroireli differeil niainl.\- from the aliove in the following' points:-^ 1 1. Tlieox,vi;(,'uanilair were jtassod tlirou^'h theaiipural us under pres-ui lid piion was ('m])li)yeil. '•-'.) The absorption traiii eoiisi-ted of (ai a o" l' lulie packed wit h pumire stone soaked in roncnt rated sulphuric acid, after each exiierimeiit the luhe wa- re-fiiled with acid and the e.\ci.>- jioured off before the next experiment ; ill,' a r tul)c packed with small jiieccs of stick caustic potash: and (c) a i:uard tube of soda lime and calcium chloride, ''■i.\ The ptirifyin;: train was modified to m.atch the .absorpMon train; the .irder was cau.stic potash solution, calcium chloride, soda lime, and. Ia-:!y, concentrated sulphuric acid at tlie furnace end of the train asR 1 III SI I.IMll II Suh.Uur w.s ,lH,.nni,>-,l \n .v.ular roM .nd -oUr -.»,,,!.■. hv , „■ \.^rUk. „„„,„„,' .,„,i ,, , ,.1,,.,-k nn ,l,i^, it wa- aN.. .l..t..n>nu..,l M> th.. rm-m. ,„,„ ,lu.'i..n,l. .•alon,n,.,..r; a, li-- : - nn.l n.allv l-V ,..v,.,,Htat>on a , L. -ul,,iKM... l.u, lat.T v„lu,n,..n,.allv l.v -Iw ,no,v ra,..l ...unln,, ".;,., A f,.w uni.nponaut .a.u,l. - wn. nva,..,l 1, l.mn,.. wul, ...lun,, ,„.r„via,. au,l atUTwanh pnTipitatin;: tlw -ulpl.ur w.th l.anu.u r\Aund.. i-:.,-hLa /',■.„■,.>■ ■n„. ,,a.'....t. .VMuir.'.! w.v: (!> K^-hk^ iniMuiv, r..in,MH,.,l nf iwu ,.aP ,,v w..i.a,1 ,.nij.ht .na.n...nuM oxi,l. a„.l .m. pa,l of M„liu,u oarhonat.. ■n,v. ,„,,„„;„, i„,„ , l..,,l,. of .lislill.',l wat.T: .no.v wat.T .'au h- a,l. ..l f."". in ■ ;. .. l.n.^ as tU.Mv nMMuiM- any liMuia l.n.nim. u, tl... hu,,,,nM,f ... ,„„„., •,„ ,;;,,.,.. l.v.ln...hl..ri.. an,l, app'-iM-.-ly nv. ,n,„p uonn,,:, CN llCh p.vpan.a l.v .liluliittr th.- pu,v n,un.u.ral..l a.„l wnl, its .,«:, v,.hnu.. uf wa,..r. > 1) HmK -.nnnal l-ariuin .liloria. s,,hm..n. wlu..l, ,- a s„l.- ,i„„ ,„„,ai.un^ •;! ^.-.nns ,u tli. .Tystalli/.a -alt p.r Imv. ,,,,,., ,,,„.,,,„i„a.ioi,s w..n. a- a rule r.n\,.\ ou. '" La";!'-;' 1-'-';'^ ;'; ' i„ „l.liti I l.lank,.sp..mn,.nt wa~ .na.l- will. ...,■., ^'-u^. \Un.u \ , ^uo.- r ■-,.,ahka nnxtuiv. 1 h. wh. Inn, bo.tl. v. .- ,,,,,,1 „u, ui.h hah a .nun >no, f th. l>i>ka inix.uiv au,l tlj- ni-in.^ u. .• ' ,:,,a a~ a n.vH'in. lavn- ov.,Ml>r .•on.rn,- of .1,.. rn.rihl..: tlu. m...,l.l. V ^- , ; ,,u a sl.H of ,la..a papH- whilM l.in. mk.a -o ,ha, aiiU^ ,„|,1,M... r v,.n.,l. Th.. .n.,.il-l.. forth,, l.lank was hll..,l.nh,h,.. ,,,,uuitv of i:s.hka nrx.uiv l.ul witlmu. anv ....1 or ,.oki., InonU.iMo -,u- ' .in... .na,-ks w..,v k.p, on th. w.l.hin. houl..- to .how t h. h....ln- .., :;;h ,h..v wv,.,. hUM ^vith i .ran, .,na K ..■ain. o, , .. l-,s,.hk^^ W ..n a l.at,.h of .nu-il.k.. wa- n.a,lv il wa> ,.u, in.o a ,-oi,l. .as luutll,. un, . . T,,.. ,„u.H.. was h..au.,l np to a auU ,v,l la.a, ^-'- ';-; i;;'; ;, ,: „,,i,„,i„uahl.. sinti.rin, oi- ..v.n fu.ion o. .he .ha.-.o an.l k.p a that 1. J. ,,„„., ,,„ ,„„.,.; ,hi- tin., wa.^ .Mially .un......nt ,o hum oil th. n.n : ,,.kH ,.,„npk.t..lv, aft,..- whi,.h th.. ,.n.,.ihl..s w.-r.. tak,.n ,.ut aiul allow,.: .■ ,.„„, •,.,„. ,„n,,ut. ,.f ..a,.h ,.nu.il>l.. w..n. t ransf..m.,l to a .... ) .■.,•<.,--, M, an,l tlu. s,.luhl.. niatt,.,- thorouuhly .■xtra,.t..,l with .hst.ll..,l wat..|-: to ,lo . . Xlut 7^.- ... of wat,.r w..,-.. pti, into ,1,.. ,.ass..n,l.. wh„.h was then lu.at.., ... :| ' ^^,^,;| „,„ ^^.^,„„. ,,„i,..,i, wh,.n it was tak..n ,.11, th.. .■,.nt..n.~ ah- -1 t.,s..i,l.. ,u,lth..,.U.a..solutiontilr..n.,l,hn,u..hanll,..u.hlt,.ra>.an,l. -. Vt7) ill a h...- st..nin.<.,l funn..l. inio a U»< r,r. hcak,'. . in..n. wai--. ua- . .i ;„ i„„ ,u„ ,,.,. . ,l,.an,l th.. hoilin.. -nliu.. an,l lih,.,..n. ,.ron.s> v..,,,.. 4 ,,., ,„. ,:,-.,. t a..s: ther,.si,hu. wa. .till fuftluT wa.h...l with hot uat... ..1 I II ''"■ """' "'"•"" '""""""•■I ". :il>.Mil :!U.I ,•,.• T..M r r ,,f l,r,„„n„. u-.t.,- uviv -l'l'"l to tl,.. Iiilr.t.. „, onl.T to ,,xi,|i/.. :„,v -„l|,ln,|.. ,„■ M.l|,|,i,.. ,„ m,|,.|,.,„. ■"'"' ""■ ~"l"'l"n ua- niM.I.. i,ri,| l,v tli,. ...Min,,-, u\ ,, ,, | ,. ,. ,,, ,|„. i,,,,,.,,' ■■'I'"-"' .•'.■„!. Tl„. lH.:,k.T UMs ,hr„ JM.Mt..,! ,„, tl,.. I,,,! |,h„r an,| il - ,■,„„. .„t- L. |.t v.-rv ;;,.i,tly Ih.iI,,,. ,il,til .viHJriv, I .■,,l,„irl..-- l,v ti... iv.nuv,! of t|„. rx,-,- "I •"•"Miinr. Tl,.. M,|,i,ion Ua^:,llou,.,| lo,-ool -linhtlv I',,. o| |„,> l,ari,|„, >Klonar-ol,,,ioM«,.,va.|,|,.,l>lowhrro,Ma|.i|M.tl..uitl,atin..j.i.il,rul,o|,.u,.|| -•iMV,|. ali.l Ihrn Int tostaihi ii, a warm |,lacr for at Ira-t all hour Tl,,. I..nu.ii -iil|,|ial,. |,iv,.i|,iiat,. ua~ lilt,.r,.,| thro,|o|, ., ,,,.„, iilf.r .C S .„„! >; \,, .-.V*. wlnt,. r,l,l,oi„ ,.ar,.|ullv fol,|,.,l -oC, a 2\" iuuurl: 1 1... .l.-ar >ol,nio„ „ .„ |n.u.v,|otMI,ro,..l,tl„.|il„.r,|„„,|,Mi||..,Uv;,t..ra,M..,|to,|„.,,,„..i,,i,at,. ul,i,'|, :il.w .tirnnir was allow,.,! to >,.ttl,.. a.„l .1,.. ,.|,.ar ii.pii.l |. „„-,.,| ,l,ro,...|, ,|„. |il. t.i-.this |,n.,...ss was r,.,.,.at..,l a nuinlM.r of li„i..v Tli,. |,r,.,.i,,i,a„. wa- thru » '-l""l "n to tl„. filt..r: aft,.r all that ,.o„l,l l„. ,„ov,.,| l,v tl,.. j,.t of tl,.. w-.^h l-nl.. was on til,, lilt,.,., ,h,. |,.,,k,.,. a„,| Mirrin^ r,,,! w..,-,. i ho,o,|..hlv ..I,..,,,,.,! I'v ah..ri,at,.|y ri.M,,,,, with a rul,l„.r M,,,,,..! da>. ro.l an. I rin-i,,.. ,„, to ,]„. "1"; ^vlth wat,.r Iron, tli,. wa-h hot;!,.. Tl„. ,,r,.,.i,,i,a,.. „„ th.. r,h,.,- „a- ,l,..n «a-h...l with l,.,t wat,.r niitll th,. wat,.r pa-ir,^ through n., I ,.,• ,how,.,| nnlkin..." wh,.n .hint,. mIv,^ nhrat.. ^..Iiition wa> a.l,|,..|. Th.. Iilt,.r ....iif.h,- .11. tl„. I.arnnn Milphat.. wa^ th,.,. fol,|,.,l „,, ai„l „nt in a w,.i..l„.,l nla.innn, ■naihl... tins was li..at,.,l u-vy ,n.,,„|v until it> ,.oi,t,.|it- u..r,. .Irv. rath..r n.or.. Miuimlv nnt.l ,1,,. HI,,.,. |„,„., ,,^,, ,,„„|,|,.„.|v ..ham.,|. ami th,.,, to ., I„i..hi '■'■■I li....|i until t,.n ,,r lifi,.,.n niini.t..s affr tl„. ....irhon ,,f ■ h,. |,.,,„.,. I,.,,! I„.,.„ l'"nH..l oil; this lunitio,, i„ an o|„.n ,.|„..il,|.. uonl.l ,.|iHir,. tl„. ,.,,n,|,l,.t.. ,.,. nx..l:,tion to -nlphai,.. of aiiv l.ariiin, Milphi.l,. wl,i,.h iiii.ht hav,. I,,.,.,, ionn,..| 1^ H,.. r..,l,.,.|n;ra..tionoftl„. ,.a,hon.,f,h.. |,a,„.,.on,|;,. I,a,i,„„ ^nlphat.. !!"■ ■•ni,.,hl,. wa> ,l„.n ,.ool,.,| ami w,.i,|„.,l: ,1,.. i,„.r..a<.. in u,.,..hi w,~ th.^ 7'^'".",' ""• '•'"•'""" ~"'l'l''-"" i'!"^ ""• lil"-'- a^h. In ,i„. I.laiik ,.xp,.rin„.nt ' "■ u,...lit lonn.l wa^ that of tl„. harinin nilphat,. pro.|,i,...,| from snipl,,,,- in ' " '■'-^'■"•;;;'- -l-'l-'l in..,, tl„. .a~ of ,h,. m,. tuma,.... to^,.th,.r with tl„. :>!>'•!■ :.-li. Ih.. w,.|-ht foiin.l in th.. hlaiik ,.xp,.riii„.nt wa- -iihi ra,.t,.,l f-.,,,, '''■" """"' '" '''<• '"''"'I- 'l<'t.-rn,inaii,,n~ in th.. -am.. I,at,.h Th, w,.i..ht ,,f :"''''""■ ;■"'■'■;•" "''"- '" 'I'i^ '"•' "-i^l" -l iMnn,,, Milpha,,. wa^ ,.al,.nlat,.,l I'.v mnhipiyinu- th,. latl.T l.y th,. ta..lo,- II. PiT | ,|,„, |.pj7s,. ,■,,„„ ,|,„ -i.l..ols,ilphurtlii.sfoumlintli,...oal,tli..p,.r,.,.|„a.,.wa...aMlv,.ah.„lut...l \ll uvi^hin^ l.ottl,.s, ..|.|,..il,l,.s, ..as-,.,o|,.-, f,inn,.l>. a.,.1 i:,.ak,M-s wor,. '",'";'"""' '■-•<■"■■•"•• H. '••"• tl„. I.lank. ami a iv,-,,,.,! k,.pi of , l„. nnmh.r "i-|"-:impl,. ,.,„.r,.,p.,„,|,ni.T,,,.a,.h numl.i.r; ^r.^at .-aiv \ a- t.,k,.n in -.ll tl„. ''■^ni- -"'■.•s.fih,.rin^..,,.t,...tos,.,.ihat,.v,.ryihin-wa-k,.p, in,,r,|,.r. Wh..,,- '■^'■1 l-"ihl,. th,. v,..vs,.ls w,.,-,. k,.p, ,.„v,.r,.,| with wat,.h .la^s,., Pil„.,-in.' ":'- '^■'.:. Iv ,lon,. on a .-p.^Wal .s,aml of a.ljustahl.. li,.i:,hT. ma.l.. I., hol.i ,..v..n '"'""!-■ I'nt It was f.Hin.l that iim,. .-oul,! I„. >av..,| whho,n h.-. ,.f .„.,.„r.„.v ''.^ l.'|''nu^Mh,. hanun, snIphaT.. pr,.,.ipitat,. thron^i, a funiH.l pa--imMhrou./| :i III,.;, Ill til,, i,,.,.|. .,(• ,, ...I ,., , 1 , 11 . • ... ..|l ■:i' ■ "MS ni;,iniain(>(l 1 ■n il siii-i Il ; hunt 1) itniniiiition was tlu.n ciiiTie,! ly ;i \V;it,M- |.mnp :,i„l ;, s:,f,.iy \,.;v... •/tlioiiMh on siimly ;,i this >i ,,ir<. iiist- il .,t MtJ I * ' II.' -..,..„ I„.,„. 1,1...,., I -.Mml,:,M,nu-lv I„.„.|.,t„|,..•^,.„. :,^v,,.,-il,l.■l.:,- ,,, ,l„ l,:,nmn -ul|,l,:,lr|.iv, ■,,.■,. al..M,n,u.lMlH.|,...,-..l M,. hh,.-. M„ u...v|..pa.v.ll-l-n-.. .M.T.hc.v «■■..■ | , 'lu ImuimI- I,s | nn. :, - ,,„;„.,.,■. ,.l|.:„Hr, -I,, in.... I-.". r:llin.M,,u: u :,..r, :,n,l :,ll..u ....... . ■|„.,,:>,..,,.,.l,.u,,-..,:,.|,l.v,.,..i.,.U,:,..u..|.l,.\.. ..V.„l.,..■,-|-- ,,/.,;,,,,■ ,» ( ',iln,inii /. (■ Uni-'ii'h ,|„ I... mi. .,,1.. III. ....... ^\l.'i' '■'•'''.^ '"' ''"' „,.,, i.illi.a li.'Ullal ...' alkali. .r I'll,- i-.i.-.H'^- I... .11 ,1, l;.iiii.ia.i...i- I" I"- I. ':.'!'■ "" ' '"■'" ^i;'i,|u!""l'l...v u,..v til'. •.-..I i.."-. l..-aU.ra..,l. i.. . !,.■ ..a ^ m.-" n- " llir\ w.iv ...a. If aci.l "ill. I |„,„ |„vvi,,U-lv .il.a...l «.'i. -...1...... ■■:.il ^"" "• '('■"■'■'""" ,,1 |i\,li.,.lil.,.ii' a.a.l ■. \.'...' :;;;;,,,|' I,,,, |,:,,:i,„„,,|,l.,n.lr^..l...|.... ua- a.l.l.M a...l .i,.. .|,■...■..^„a.,... |,.,,.,l :,- ,|,.-,ril,.-.l al...vr, , , . i ,■ I,,, ill,. v..l.|..i.>.i''.lH...'...i..a.i..l. l.v lli.l...,/i.ll.... .i.,.l....Mi..' l"i - ■■ -^i-rhi.^. 'I 1... (■|i..|iii..al l.l.'M....rr \ .; 1\ .„.,i',i.|il... .111. .M.I,.; Ill ......1.- ..I 1...' •■' ,„,,,. u,.|l ,..M..'.l M|. ui.l. in..... ... ua....', .1..' |.ul,.l.r....J.. u..l. .^ ,.,„., iu... a li.... lla~k,^ll.-..-. '•< .................. I hv.l,.... .1...I.' :.'•.. „,,vi,v I I'.l. a.l.L.I. wa...| a.l.i...! . ., . 1,.. ,.,a. k a...l . I..' u L.-l" ' I- '-^ -,,|ii. i..i.- u,.|v i...|.ii:f.l "'I N,,. _', .lii.i. I'.Mii'.. I' "I"'. ; \ ,i,ix,..l-al..-..u.i-'lmi..l.wa-|.l'...l.i.'.'.lul.i.'l."a- l.l.,..v.l .1 ...-.--a.-N „.,,,,,„ „,l,„i..„..n.x.l.'..Ny!..i.iiii" l.v,li...hl...i.li'. -' A -.a...la.^l -..I..; ,,,-,..|„-,i,. |.,,'a-l..a|.|.i-..xil..a..'lv...|,il. „...-... al. .l.r -.,■,.>... 1. ..I ul.l...i ;-. 1 .,. ,1„. «,.i..l,l ,,1 Mil|.l..l.-,i.i ll.,. I...... ..I -i.l|.l.un.. a,l.l,,..|.llMi..: ,',.1, ,.|,l,i,. ,.,.„.i„.,...-,.. 1' |'lu.„..lplHl.al..,.. -..I.l.in.. ...a.l.. l.v .1,-..M,;. . „|.,l,, ,,f ,!„. -,.li.l il. Kill...'. ..I M. |,..l .. ... al...li..l Til,. ,..,1.1 till... ■,.,!,. a!.. .■i.i.fl''i'.-ii.-iii-^. \vl,i..l. w.iul.l hav,. a v..liuii. ■ : ;<„,.,., HUM'..', w.-iv ...:i'li' ^"i'l i" 'I'' '"•"'i'li'"' ""•"""' "''1';^ " ' ' .„• .lilu... „i..-i.. a..i.l;l().'a'. ■•! .!"■ l..v.l.-..svla....iu' l,v.l.-,.,.|.l.n-..l,. ■ .: . u,.,... .,.1,1...! .....1 ■'■- '■ '•. "I l-i'ii/i'lin.. ...luli.... .l.l.i..al ... 111." '■..•. «'l' ^''.''' tl,,.-.ll>ni....wa-Mi.n..la,,.l.i.i-l....kH--'t -i'l" I"'- '•'"-" """"^'-!";""' .ilkv lh,kv|..v..i|.i.a.....n"'../.i'li-i"-"l|'l-.'" "■-'■"•'■■ ■'■'"■ i-y'l"' '■ " tUtriv.l ..IT. Nvi.l. ^'...u..,,, .l..'.....li .- -'■■' '•'". 'il"'' i-!"''-^ '" ^,'""':^^ ,.,„,„,1 „f , -i... ,„ j„M alL.w .!..■ l.l..'.' l'al.i'l- ... Ill' .lat ..u , 1... . v, ,, • ■n... M,..,i..,. wa~ -1..|,|.,..1 ji.M l"'t-.v lt"' '■""..'■l "■'- 'I'."" 'I''^- ^'^"l "^ I' ,.,„.,„. ,,,, i„ ,1,.. i„,ik..,. wa^ wa^h...! ..... .... .'. -Ill' ii.....i;l;v..h ......I' the. mil'ali. ..■"... t!ii~ ...• a I..VVI....S ,.x|M...i,„,..il: a~ ll.c |.iv.'.|...a... ' ■ '■^: ,i„l, i.,„l,.,u.v 1., -.i.'k ... tl... .1..^^ a .■-...j-li' "I- '•^'I'l'l n.-..i^y'"l" ; ■ „l,.1,.lv ..l,.a.. .!..• l.i'J<..|-. Tl... M„.ti,m ua> a-t.i.i li.it on. a.i.l a- -". :: i- L-t of tlu. -iMli.... l.a.l . ■i-M'il llinii'^l' 11"' fil"-'-. !'"■ l'>-"i''l"t..t.' " - '«■ ,■ I I .,..*.,.. .,..,1 ^\\^, -ni'iiif, :iil^ Wl'.Ali-a Wilil a iVw ,.||' ullhl.TiVS u. rn:,. •,%,,;. .. •.. • . ■• ■ ^ ^ st,.ppiai wiwn .hi' I'll- ..- -a~ j..-t ,i.-y. •'■i.My'i'''^';'''~i; ';;, >■ |ilvri|iit:iti' ti» tl.roil«ll lit ..rifv, Krrpitlv' t(|.> -Urtiuii ,,(, t,„. |,,l,.' r:,u-, - l| n^ utnirt to a ,lry, Mlvrrv -ki„ ^^Uu■U i- ,,l,l\ -|.,«ly n1t:.r|...| l,^ .1,,. r.,u-.i,. ]■ l:i-li in till- >i|li>i-.|ii,.Ml titration, Tlw |.r.ci|,itat.. an.l |.:,|Hr u.iv thm ' mri-f.riv.l i,, ,. .Mu ,• ,■ I li uinmr ll. k. 111.' fui.....| W,-.^ «i|M.,| ,M,t Uiti; a litti,. , ,• ;,,,! a,n |.lv,.,|.,Iat.. -Illl i.t. wa, nn-...l ,nt„ ,!„■ (la-k ui.l, 1,,,. ua..r; a In.l,. ,,h,.n.,l,.l.,ha!..,n wa, u.i.lr,\. til.. Ila-k .'I..,,.,! uitli a nil.lur r,,rk an. I vinlmllv -|.ak..n ui,m1 tl.« """' I'-'l"''' "■'■ ' ""-''I^- 'li-^int,.,M'a.,.l. Thr ...rk ainl tli.- ualK w. r.. tin li ni,^.al ,l„vvi,. aiMi tl,.. -,,l„tinli ,1, ll,.. lla-k titrai,,! ui,|, ,|„. -,,,„|.,r,l ou-tic i...ta
  • Immil^ ^'■' ■'''' ^""' ""■ *■'"' I 't ^'''-^ "iiiy '•' "I uh.i, t|„. ,,i„k r,,l,„ir |.n,.lucn] •A.i ■ |irriiiaiii'iit ciii ll )iliii','. H'- iiu.nlM.r ,,|- Mihir ••.■iit ir>,.| iv ,,f rau-tir |„„a,|, M.hiti.,,, n.,,„iiv,l niilln|,||r,l l.y In.. w,.rj,t nf M,l|,ln,r t,, uhirl, rarl, rul.ir ,.,.„tl,n,.tr,. IS ,.,,uiva- Ui. ^aw th.. w,.|dit of >ul|,|nir in tl„. r.,,\ ,akrn, fr,„„ uhirl, ,l„. |„.nvnta.'.. I'lul'l 1)1' calciilaliil. It i-< a.lva.ita.,,.(.iis f. ,.in|,|,,y tlir, ,■ wa-li l..,ltl.., for tli.. al.o^,. ,l.-t,T,„iui- '""• ''"■ '■"''' "■■'"■'•■ "•"• f'"' li"t. ^iii.l oi„. to roiitaii. M,m,. ,,f th.. liltrat- '>n. tiltratiou can I,, ram-.l o,„ whil-t tl,,- ,,ivviou>|y lilt-iv,! ,MV,.i|,itat.. i. !imiil; lii'atiMl ami liti-aTiMJ in f I,,, cniiical llaMi, By iir l.cl./a.liM.. in..tho,l a~ ahow it i. |,o.-il,:,. to ,l..trni,i„r ill.. alcii of M.svn .•al.,rmi,.trr i iii^n- in i|,,v,. ,„• f,,ur liour-, Th- mctho,! :.|.|"ars to ..,,■,. ■onMM..„t iv-ul,.. I'lv.. ,,air^ of ivadili- I.v ill, l.ariuin 'Hl-M'i'' Mii.l the l),.,u„li,„. ,n,.||„„N jravr tli.. foilowin.' ,|irf..r..n....- • (LI I 'Mli;, 0.(,J. O.Ol, an.l (). 1 1, ,|„. latl..,. ,i„.l|,o,| alwavs ,av.. tl,.. lii.^i.T r..Milt' III.. |..-ir..|ita-.. ..I Mil|,l„i,. ,l,.i..nnin,.,l in ll„. ..al.,rini,.t..r rinliinL;uiitofth..,.al..HMi..I..r\v..i..,i,lav..,l wa liv.li Ka^k.'l .■ni|,l,,y,.,i, tl,,- ,|ifh ,■,.,„..• \va. f„u„,| ,,, 1„. oival..!' than ii-'ual' NiriiO.iKV Nitnm..u was .l..t..rmin(Ml in all n.-uiar .-oal -,inpl...s by the Ki..l,lal.l ""■'li'M. Ill this mctho.! a .[..linit,.. w,.i^l,t of ,,,al i. ,|issolvf,l in cm- ;'>.trat.-,lsul|.luin,. aci.l withtli... :ul.liti.,n ..f a iitil.. m.-iviirv. th.. nitro-cn mtl,.. ,.oal IS thus .■,,nv..rt..,l im,, aniiii,,niuni Milphat..; th.. nif.i.'ury h then !'iY'l"''t'''l ^'^ ni..r..ury >ulplii,l,., th,. sohuion ina.l.. alkalin,- with .'au-tic -la, aiMl th.. a.iinionia thn^ M.f ff,.,. ,|i-till,.,l ov,.r into a .l..finit.. .piantitv "I tan.kH-,l caustic Mi.la solution, ami from this t'ho wcijilit of uitro.vn in th,- P'lal can be Palculat,..]. , . - •' '' •■n'i'v'\v Cochiiu.al sohiti.m. pr,.par,..l by .li.nUin- I b «wv.i^ Miii: ■— ' la w III 1 ,,,rt ..I |,n«.|..V,lr„rlMn.-,l U,tl, 10 pan- of j:, |"r r,„. ;,|,.Mhol ,,...1 ii . lilt.Tlli- 'D \|.|.roNi.na1.-lx ,l.ru,..iin,il '» \ \ . -uI|.!mU lr a-l. I -ulut L ... , ,.-.,.,,,,.n.si...li..'lvnl \,.U„-.H-o,|,, -..I.. ....„,. I..TN:.r! -t ,v,.'. ' h ul U hirl, i .; lH...„ .l,.t.T......-.l, :w..| u;.- ..n,..!...! ... tl... u.i.l.i Ml n.t.n.. ., ,m- a....... ,„ vvhi.-l. .•..-■1. ...lur r,„..i...-.i-.' ..!■ -!'•■ -iHl.-M. V, a- .•.,'.. V al.M.t . (»„.. ..,:,.,. Hi- .l.r .o;,! ua- Uri^hr.l ou. i,.... a J. M . r r Kj-'Mal.l Ha ,, ,,.,..• -I,a|..al lla-U VNi.l. I-...^ ...ak a .l.n,, „|- rlral, .n.ivuiv ur,..!,..,'. al. / 0.7 i:.-an. wa^ a.l.lr,! I',- a lm..nr. tl.. .la- Mo,, ,-,„.k ..I ulnrl, !,a.| ..- I ■. partiallv tiH-l «hl. pla-i,.,- nf I'a.i- -■ tl.a. .. .1.1,^ ,..v,| ll„' .a,,,..-. ai„ <■ ,„„,,, ,,;,„, ,|..„. ,vv.,lM.i,.,., -'.-. -■ '■!■ .■o,.r,....,a..al -ulphu.ir ar.,1 U..V .,,,,,,,,1 ,„„1 ,|„. Ila-k tl..... I..a!.-.l t., iH.il.,,^^ UN,.,- a -.„all lla.,.r i^N..!.-!.' ... i,„,..,„,Mtiu„,,l NN..V :;a../... ii. a I'.. ...l.lM.a.'.l Tl..' uusun. «a- |.' ..,.„tly lM..li..i: ....1.1 tl..' I'h'M.- m! M.lpl..... t,.i.Ai,|. «,■••.. ,.o in.,-,., ..V,,: ,1 10 u...,l..:< <.f P"ta"i.n.. -ulpl.a.r wiv tl...,. a.l.l.-.l i,. upI-..' f. .'a.-.. .1... I- „: ,,„i„. uf th" „..v.M.V, a,..l tl... «l.nl.. k..pt iM.ilir.- ...,t.' tl„. -ul.m..!. Wa- ) .,|K ,.,,|,„.,.l,.-: tl„. av...au.. ti.,„. tak..,. ... •■-.t tl,.' .a.al ......,pl..t..|.v .1. vv.,, .,l»„it 11 !...,..■-. I.i.i ui.l, I.il;!. a-1. t-naU tl... p....!..,'! ua> ulwav- ,- 1,. - ,l.'„.k'i„ .•.,1....,., l.nVV,.V...- In.... tl... Loili... wa- ..i.....a: Tl..' .a„.t..„.- .• ,1,„ |l:,-k w,..v tl.-t. i.lk.w.-.l I- ' 1. -ul!,r„.„t wat.T ua- a.|.|...l t.. -■..,.,,, . : .li-.,lv.. -...v -ah- tl.ai lia.l ,.,vMalli/...l .„.!. a...l li..' --Lit,.... tl.,...,.,,!,!;. rin-.al .,..t „.i„ a T.'.n .■,.■. i:.l...,.....v-v lla-k. .-.-,...■ „l , l„. p...a....... m.!,.!,.!. ..,|.,ti,.,.vv.MV,l....,a.M...lt.,pr...ipi>al..tl....li-nK,.,l>,...iru|.v ■ ,„.■ t,a..nH ,>-• „f „„..la/..a po,v..lal.. a. 1.1 a -...all lm..p nf pa.'atli,, wax \v,..t a.!'!-! U, pi. n. ,; t.un.p.i.^ a„.l ln..lil,.-. a.al. wl..-,. ..\..,-y , l.i,.- vva- i.. .va.;....- t., p, >■; witi, .1... .li-i.llaliu... I.-.0 r,- c.r tl... ,.,,,........ia,r,| ,.a..-ti.- -.,1a ..l..t »'•>,■ .„|,,,,, ,,„! ,|„. lla-k at ,„.,.,. ,.|,,-..,l l.v ,1... ,.,..-k .h.-,,u-l. ul..,.l. tl.c ,|, -iv,.,;, ;„1,„ ,,a-.al t,, tl... al,-.,.'p.in.. tla-k ,-.... IMal.' lA. Tk.. lla^k ua^ ,1..! ,,,,.„,.,, ,„„| ,|„, ,.,,„., .„t- k,.pi l,.i-klv l„Hlii,.i .....il ,...,. -hall l.a,l l„..k.l a^^.; \ |.„ Lull, .-pla-1. Ii,a,l ,,.. tl.i' ,l,.liv...-.v Mil". ,.a,|.J.t at.v alkali spla-l„ -I H"!' ,|„. Ulli,... li.pii.l a..,l ,v|.in„.,| h .,. tl.,. ,li-lilla,iui. lla-k. tl,.- -t..ai„ :.ii.: ,„„„„„i:, pa-H.,1 ,h>-.,...l. ai.,1 ak,..^ 'I., 'ul,.. ul...l. "a~ i-.t f-n. ;„:: ,l,,vvi. ll.i,,u..li a tu.,-l.,,k.,l ,.,,ik ii.f, tl... al.-.,pn,,.i lla-k: .1... -t...i. ,.i a Im;! ,,„. ,-,|,,„, ,,i,|, ,,|,,,- 1„.:m1- pa-...l .l.>-.iU.l. 11... ,.tl....- l.nl.. i-. tl.'' n„k, Ii mr. ,i„ ,|i-.illan.... ua- I,,..!.' -'.■' r.r. ,.f th,. (M \ M.lpl....-.r ..''I'l «,■. 1/ ,l,,u,. Ihn,.."l. tl... l".a,l- iiit,, tl... al,-..i-pn.... Ik.-k a..,l a l.ttk. li...... ..,,1,,,, M al-,. |.,..liv,l ,... lla. •"■.■.■I-. ■i'l... .....l ..I tia' ,l.ll\.>v t.,l„. ■ an,.. ' vu.l..,, al„...t half at. i....h ,.l .1... -u,|-a,... ,.f tl.,. a,i,l ii. ih,' lla-k uls-l, «.■ k,.|„ ,■,„.' l.v i,..im il..i....l-'al il. a "at...- l.alh; at.v a,iii.....i.a whl'l, ■ -:.!'■ ,,,-,., pti,., !.v th<. a<.i,l ii. the lhi-l< «a- ..a.liil.l l.v !...• a,'!.! l..,.i-',.i.'Mu '!. l,,u..,- l,..i,l- al.,l tl... .a„.hi,.,.al aUvav- -l.,.u,.,l that ,l„. .ipp.T !av. ' ■.! '!■■ 1,...„|- at at.v -at... .■,.,.iai....,l a,'!,!. Wh.... 'h.' ,li-; iHat i.,H ua- ti..i-h, .1 i"'' ,,,■ ,|a. ,k.|iv,'....v .,.1... a..,l al-,. tl,, M.' ' L'.a.l- u,.,.. t h,....,...J.I.v ..n-l n' ,1,.. al.M,.-pti..., lh.sk.„„,l,h....N—"l:"i..i,.ft i,. that lla-k was tl,...MM,.-. A-itl. tl... 0-1 N ,.a.i-li,. s.iila; II... lank (■\|.rriiririit in uliicli ili.. -airie -Mluii,,ii~ uvrc oniili.^.l. .MVfllionuinl)cr(,rcul)icccniitni'trr- i-.'rr.-pim.lin;:- In ihc ainnidnia pPMlucci in.)ii ihc nin-Dtirn in the coal lakm: ihi~ niinil.cr nmhiplicl l,y il„. «(ii;lii of iiitn.jjcn 1,1 which one cuiiic ccni inicnv ..f the cau-ii.' -«hi -va- c(|uivalrni ^'avc the wci-ht (if iiifoircn in lh<' coal lakcn, Inmi which \Ur |..Trciila;.'c coiilil he cah'uhitcd. A- no nicth.Hl ha~ .\ci Immmi di vised he- i he direct deierniinal ion of oxygen in coal. lhe -uni of ihe determined |.ercenta-e~ of carhon. hv.ho-eli. >iil|ihiir, nitrogen, and adi in the -atni.k' \va- -iiht rai'ted from 101) and the rr-iili ri>|iorted a- llie ]iercentai;c of o\\i;en pre-ent. 'I'hl- melhoil throw- upon th.' o\y-eli the mo,, . .( tlie error- of all 1 he other determination-, not >,nl\ error- of tnani|iiilai ion, eie.. |,ui al-o errors iiiliereiit to th" method- emplowd. \arioii- po-ihl,. ,-rror- will he .jisciis-,.,! "I'"''' t'"l'.\' I:"'-''- '"11 a- an e\,-,mple. a \ery comm.m one ma\- I.e -iveii iieiv. W iieii coalcoiitain- iron p\ liie- i IV,-;, i. the -iilphur is deiermiiied a- siich. Inn when ih,. coal is linrnt lor the detertiiiiiation of a-li, tlu^ p\fii,.- hecomes oMdi/'d 1o lerric o\i,|e, l,\- aK-y 1 li is alllomil . a Ih 1 the perceiita-iM.f o\\ -i.n. ill roii-e(|i;e|ice, too -m.-ill. \alloils po-il)le cori-eciioii- have Keen -uu'je-ted; loit it wa- felt to l,o ad\ i-ahle to keep lo the -imple ineth-Ml -iwn al.ovc . rather than to a-lopt doi;i,!ful methods of corroction. If it i- cl|.,arly ntider-lood th.at -a-h per Cc!i' and "oxyn-eii ])erceni ".are conveiitioiiallerm-. repre-eiitiie.; iv-uh.- oh'Miied III a ceiiaiii stand,-ird wa,\-. rather ih.an peiveni.a-es of dellnite cn- -tltilclil-ofthe oriL'iiial -ample, then the <'hemical au.al v,-i- of a coal lo-es little of It- value .as a unide to t he iiatnre of 1 hi al.liy rea -on of errors of the .ahove riiMacter. Correction- are apt to introduce a pei--onal element, whid, i- m,- ilc-iralile. and .al-o io uive ri-i- to an utiwa'-raiUed iVeliii- of accur.acy of re-uh. The sim|ile method adopted has al-o ihe i;rea1 advaiitau'e that it i- lhe one 111 iii.,-i licneral use, in spit,, ,,f ih,. fol|.,wiiiLi recommendat iou made hy tiip Coiiimitlee on Coal Analy-i- of the .Xineiican Chemical .-^ocien': - ■ I he method to he u-ed ill c'alciilal ili.ii the oxy^iVli of the coal liresems, porluip-, liie (|uestion of .i:reate-1 ililliculty. If \u- , hi I,,, -ure thtit all of the sulphur is i)re,sein in the form of pyrites, and that this i- iverted ■nto lerric oxide ill tho ash. the oxygen -honid he toiind li,\ -uhtractin- fr,,fi Km. the -.1111 of carhon. livdro-<'n. nilro-en. a-h, and ; of ihe -iilphi r. Thi- is prol):,hl,\- the safe.st rule which can \<,' -iveii for ccneial u.-e. am. e-pecially ; liiiili in -ulphni- '\l . .. 1. .,.1 j | ..- , ■ ,• i ■ . » ' tor ■lour. .Aim. Ciicin. Soc, \ol. WI. p. llL'O, ISO'.I. i t,, vvliMlicr llir :i~l, i- piact- .lUv live rr,„ii -nipliat.-. :UhI. it 1 il'l''. wIk'II tl,r -ulphur i~ m.iiiily ill llir loim of |i.vnh-. If urc(-~ary. liic nilc -Ih.uM iii,„liliv(l. in |Kiiliiul;ir ca-t- aiT(ii'.|iii-l.\ . I M.iiKII |( \ M.I I. Ill- -mill 11 I.I.- ■|-li,, ,..|l,,ri('H- valur III -.,11,1 fii,-l- \va- ,li-ii'V!niiir,l \>\ l,iiniiirj a u,-i^i ,,„.,„,i,v ,,f ilir lii.'l ill all aiiiP.-lilii'V.' "\ i-iMpiv-r,! n^^^■.■u in-i,l,. a I.,,; i„„,„, ,■-,■,! in uaH-i, aii,l laniii'- lii ri-' in i.'ii>|«>-ai mv '■! Mi'' ^^-'nrr: iIh i„ ,.,,,i.,.raniiv mnl, ii ilicl i>v tlir inniil, r ,,l li'-ai Mnl- iv,|uiiv,| i,, I'ai-,- ,li-r V. iiirh i- ki 1„,,,,1, waliT '•"liialllllr^ vr--rl. i'|,' , ,,ll,' ,lt '-ivr a llUlh ,, ,|a' Wa,,MM.,|i|ival,Mt -I ili- .■al.Til,,,-. •■, i , ■■■^^r ll|,- l,Uli,l..-l- ,,f l.ra! in - ,.^,,|v,.,l 1,\ llic ,-,.lii|,lrlc i-,,|nl,il-ii,,ll "\ ill,' -alii|,lc lakili. •n„. r„,,|,l, ,.:,!, .rimrlrr ii-,M ua- an inipr, ,\ vl l"iiii "1 ilm Malil<-r m- ■ i- „„,„, ,,,a,l,-l.> I'lii/ iMililiT-f l.ri|,/iL'. 1. ,-.a,MM-,,l ,l„-l,,llouiin:i.riii,ai.,:l p.,,.,,: , \i ■ni',.l„,inl, wiili a, ■,•'",, I ii-. |,r,--iin' iiau-,'. ami ,■, ,n,liici inu in':. - ,1(, •ni,.,.aUniiini-'T wiili ilirv Ihvh Ih'-h .a iin; jack.a-. nua.hani,-al -,irnr ali,l r>;'cklnalili i linlliMil el'. •ni|.|M,liiln-liu\\ll ill-nili,,!! ill I'i'^. 'il. i- ;i -innl Vi—, ■! < ,r -JT.". IM' ■ ''a | 'a' 1 -. ,„M.,I I,. :l(MI ai ni.,-lil.nn-. wl, li a m.|vu,-,1-. m l.ia- .•-.vrr. Tlir lioiuK i- liii, .; „.;,!, ,.nain.'l, ilm ruKrv i- |ila,n,l ,,li ilm ili-i,ln uiili plaliliuin m, a llilckli, ,,...,,„„,, ;,,„! ,l,r,.inM,lni.t liinli 1 „ ,11,1 ■ a in 1 i, iv.M, ain 1 all llm nmlal pa. - ,|„. ral-niiinini'. aiv i,i,-knl plain, 1- Tli.a-.- a n^ . vm - - ■pmiin^- ilinniL;!. ilm ,-v- i„l,,,l,nlM,liiliSK ami S' K . iln-n ,-al, La rU-al 1 ,.v i li,' lian,ll,. valvn-. aln ,. .,. i, ,1,,. inl.n valvntl,v,,in:li uliii-h iiw-nii i~ a,liiiin,',l i,, ilm l„,inl,. 'i. u^yivu pa"n-,i,,vMi ilircii^li ilm I'latiiiuin niK ■ R lu i 1im 1„„ , ,,in ,,f i Im 1„.iiiK, M,~ilial ail n-k,,f lhc,a,,,lniu~,,fl!icnrii,-ihlc C ImiliL; l>l,.» n ■ mi I'.va i ii>li -! l:.- i~,,l,vialn,l; r, ImIii- oiil Irt valvn. il wa- u-ilal 1.. h^av,' ) l,i~ upmi f,,|- a -la-ni in,, wiinn ilm lH,inl. \va- l.niin: I'liai-na willi ,.\\-nii. in , ,r, Inr I lia n Im air in J., 1„„,,1, ini^lil l.a-xM'pi .,nn in ilm rniiuv .,1 ilm r,,v,T i- an il,-ulain,l -laiMim; uilhal.iinliin-nvw.ilii- m ainlanl i- ri,iiiinri<.,l w il h I hn pla. iiinin n"! '' nn;.!, il„.l„,nil,:llin-iainlanlaii,lr,Hlaiv-,arrain^c,hliai.allli,.nJiili,'Var. ,-l.n.v- .,llv iiiMilaU',! ir.nn ilm r.-i -Hlm l-'Unln in- ■.:a- ran r-,-a|in an niml m.n k, ll,;, ,„vlinii!iary,.\pcriiimni~ii-,,iil'ln"a-,-au-,Mll,vllmlma1 ..flla ml, :;-,!":. iu~i,lr Ilm l'"inl. hniniiiL: ilm clcnri,- iii-iilal imi in -piin i,f ilm pi-,m-a mi, ,.! :. „in-aWa-lmr;'lmmiraxvaMmrwa-.la1,a',pr,mm,,-,lainlkrpl in p, ,-ii i,,n i nji'l; .,n;,in i„> ,-.,v,T l.v liman- ,,f a laavv plaiinnm wa-laT -.-ivu,.! ,>ii iln pkuilinni ni,l. Tim plalimuu laan-ililn ny nap-nl,. C lia~ a -\v>-vr ulm': -In ■ „„ ,1„. tulm R ami ImliU ilm nnmihln in ilm il.-ir.,! p,,-iiiim. ■|ii,. .•■lal i-' ,„|„., ,|„.i i„ ilu' cnn-ililr C wa- llivil liy a -mall fn-n ,,f film ir.,n wir,' : a-ii!- (■|-,„n Z I,, Z,, ami liavini; ,)nc "V i\v,i l.mp- in il whinli w.nv ari-am^r,| i,, n.iiri. th- ia,al. llic liwn wa-clccn-icallv Imatnl \,\ a riirn nl thnni-li wiiv- ,'.,ni. ,■!,■■; t,, ill,' lw,.l,in,lin- screw. Eainl F. llm liim liini -''ivw E wa- (a,inuTl,..| man. ,.n,l of lim wiiv fu-n llinniiili ilm -tamlaril ami m,! iii-ulaKal fr,,in ll„' n-i "■ tlm .aivcr, ami Ilm i.imli'ii: m'Ivw F was conncmil i,, tim .itlmrcmt ui lim i .-. tliniiiiih llm valve C. llm (ever, ami the tul.e R; i1h' eurreiil was lakn, in.ii. k*. -»SI li-. .-.I. \, li.-:il -,■,■! inn. Ki'. ,|,1 ■I cnlullliHlri liulill 1 is:. ■',_'. \i'itical -ciMiiiii, l\cieliliT i-aliirijiictc!-. It -■ T-' - » "• .jfc. I 17 a no volt -ii|i|i|y ami pa-cd tlin.ii-h lu,, ,,r i lnvc :!_• .aii,!!,. |„,u,.r laiu|i-i --or tlii.jr ciinivali'iit arraiucd in iiamll.-l : I hi- ^avi' a ninviit ni' •_' lu :{ aiii- pcivs which -ulhccil lo ahiio-t iii.-taiitly hca1 the uiiv lii-c up to thr tciri|MTa- tiirc at wiiicii it caiiiilit lii-c ami liui-ncij in the ii\\ -en, aiiil tliii~ -toppnl \\ir current. When the IkimiI) wa- in the calnrinificr the (ipminL:- S an* ti;;ht hy nican> oi a IinuI ,i;a>kct or \va>h(T; caiv had 1o Ih^ tak-iire o\y;:en c\ liiider. and on ihi> other il I'oiild he connected to the liomi). hy capillary copper tuhes fitted at the end- with siiilalile screw connectors. ■{'he calorimeter is a nickel plated. Iii'a>- ve-.-el of ahou! ."> litics cap.-icilv, with a -tMiui inside. sii])p()rieil on three noi,dieat-condm'tiii,u- let;s, on which thi' homl) can !)(' placed. The calorimeter ve-sel itself also re.-t- on three ins\ilatin,ii- lejis in a nnicli lari;ei- douhle-walle,! ve--el: there i- an air -pace hetween the calorimeter and the outer ve— el, which latter h;i- water between it- douMe walls, is covered with ;i layer of felt, is clo-ed uitli .-i vulcanite lid. iind stands on three hard ruhher l(>,^s. The -enei'al arrangement i- -hown Hi Fiir. -VJ where the -tirrer in the outer .jacket and t hi- >t irrer in the caloi'imeter can l>e clearly seen; the latter wa- raised and allowed to d'op Kv liein- con- nected, hy a piece of -trim; pa>-imi -. ;iml ha.- a scale which lea.!- from -((•-.'o to h (>••_'(): each de-ree is divided into humlredth- and t lie total leniith of ^c.ale is L' I -ll c.m.. so thai wilji the re.adin- leu-e, attached liy a clip carrier to the t hermotueter, it is ]io— ilili- to read to the t hou.-.amlth "I ;! ile^O'ee 'I'lii' t ii.ci'm'.'mete!" has a. ce!'t ihcistf !"r:i!e. ihc !*!•.■.-.;{(,- -Ji-.-'p- Tcclniisehe Keich-alr-talt (dateil .Vu-. ■_' 1 , UllMi). which -hou- that t h. !'illowinfr eorrections ha\-e to he ajiplied: lis („>. (•.■ilil.nitMM, ,-,.rnTti„i,- ,1, , ' of ,, .l-.-iv,- :,, d. :.l T K, ;.t-' . -■■!■■< ■V i- ;i !il 1' 1^. ■■'< '• '• '' " " , ■ '",1,.^ CnvlrrU.m- \nv llir rnrnuvv ,n ll,- 1..,, I.-, II.. .,r.. ,.,. .llll.lvM. -.'ItlMi;- ..I II,. ""■'■ "' IMU.i: \IA Recorded Temperature of Water in Calorimeter Vessel. ■;, ttiiii: ..I 111. rin. .1111-1. -r. ,,. ,,i;l !.|. |.'..t...ii \:ilui' <>l -i'mI.' i.t ll;. . lli..llil'l.V \\ I,,.,, II ,.n -.■;.!,■ ...ii. -|...ii.|- I" \\ |„.|i II ..II -.-ll.- .■..rn'-|...ii.l- '■' \\ ll, I, 11 ..11 -r-A\f .■..III -|... II. I- I. 11 ( 111 I Ji I I I -. ( IT r I r. II 'i'i;i I I i: I iHil I I I'.. 1 nils I |-,,r i,,l.-nii..ll:il'' li-lii|.ri:ilil!V- :,n.| .■ninu- | i.-.-l.. H't iuliiil ■■..nvrt i.iii ,\,,,, ,,,,,,1,, A- ill.- nililiniii.in .-..m-.tI i.,n~ ;i1h.M' :; ' Br.-kin. -11111) aiv im iu- „-,-i..i|.. ihr U|i|ii-i' liiilf Ml till' "--.Ar u;i- ;iM.iilr.l WIhii tl... tliinni -n vv:,.. in u-i- ,1 -iiKillrli-i-irir I1U//1T u;i- rl:iiii|.i-.l mi tW'' '"p: 'I"' vil"-'""!! l'!' v,.,ili-.l till' ini-iTiin W -lirkili- 111 -111- .■apilliiiA ;ini| liiovitii: ji'fkilv Hi i-..ll-1-.lll.-nrr n,,. l„-i,|ui-iliii-^ ptv" -mi|,lii'.l ui'li tlir i-aliii-.iiM iif wa~ iiHi.lilinl - lh;,t il iinilil lii.ik'' .1 l:il-<'f iH-iipirlti- ill a -Iml'if linn': ll"' '■"^'l lifii |llrl '■ - l„;,.l.- ui-iv Ci linu. .lialiii-lrf aH'l aVi-faui-.l -Hrli a l.'lii:lli lliat lour or Ir^ ■ w,.i..l„-.l orir uraiii- ll wa- rouinl |io--ililr to l,ri.|Ur1 tr rvrry coal <:nu\'\' .•XainilU'il. Iiul the alillirarilr maN ami -oini- ..I ill.- liiiuiu-^ IVi|UUTi1 1o I.. -riHiii.l vi-iy liiirly. ami to he coniiir.--,-.! a^ murii a- wa- |.o~-.il.li- with ti- ~liiall inv--. Tl,,. watiM- |Mll in llir raloriiiirlci' vr^-i-l wa- iiira-iiicl ami not wim^ln .:. ■n„. nira-uriii^ vr-i-l il-i-,l wa- a iari:r linllii- liaviii- a r.uk ivinrnlnl in tln- nrrk. llii-.im:!i whiili lia-r.l all inl.'l lul.r lor air ami a ilrliv.-rv t ulii- for wat' -. ihr l.,,nlr wa^ mini l.i a mark mi tUr 1 ul.i- li;,ir an inrh almw tlir cork, ar-l wlii-n lirim^ riiiPtir.l it \va~ al\va\- ilrailU'il for al.oiil iIh' -aim' tinir; il ,l,.livrr,-i|. nmlcr tlir^i- romlitioii-, at I.') C :i.".l'.t -ratii-. :it HI I". :!.-,|s -ra:.,-. al 17 C. :;.Ms uraiii^. at Is C. :;.-,i; L:rain-. ami at !'-• »'. o-"'l'l ■^fam- of WalT. •I'll,, nii-th.i.l of rarryiiii: out a ili-li-rniiiiai '. m wa- a- lollow-: ■li.- trmiicraiuiv-.ifllir rooiuamlof thf wali-r in tlir oiitrr jackcl of tlir (■-•il-r.- nii-l.-r wriv .-i,|ju~li-il. if licci-ary. to lir witliiii 'J or M ili-ivr< of i-ai'li oil:- r. ,,„,! il„. irmiicratuiv of ahoiil four litre- of water wliirli IkhI Ihtu put ii :, lla-k wa~ a.lju-tr.l to l.e aliout I .ii-ivr niolrr llian llir jai'krt Water: 11 the room temperalure wa< -reater tliaii the jarket teiuiieral uiv. the ll,,-k ,,f water woul.l lie ma.le -li-lilly le- than one ili-ree cooler than the ja-ket, ami \ire ver-a: the Heekmaiiu therimmieter was al-o iv-el . if iicres-^.-i.y. -o that the temperature of the water •voiilil re-i-ter on the lower part of -iir ,-cale. A- a nelieral Mile the Water teniperatlllV alone Woulil Ueeil to he ailiuMe.l. -\ piece of inui fuse wire wa- cut ahollt 10 cm. loliii' ami wei-li. .1. . ■ .1 , : I II . , 1 ...,;,..,,, ,,r ..-1..^-- I-,,, h Mil.! till' 1 w.. eii'is a Lio). Wa- m.i.ic m !la- in a cue ■,!-'-o!-i .i p'' ■' ", ^... iwi-leil rouml Z ami Z,- The cviicihle, previou.l (i\r.| I., ||„. plaliiniiM I.il.- ..( ||„. I„„mI. |H.-iti,.|l tllMt til.' I.PU|. ,,< III,, uiiv I,,.,, i,,u, li,.,l ,,|,.. ., ill -ilrli I mmc III i.|i(,i t"- Whrn III,. ,-ni,,l,l,. ;,n,i ,,„„ ,„.,.,. i„ ,„,„,„,„ ,|„. ,,,,,., ^^,,, |„,, ,,^^ ,|^,, ^^^^^^^^^ ""' -■'■••""I tidii. iI„..,m:,.m -u|,|,i^ ml,. u;i, ,.,,„,„.,.,,., I ,,, 3, ,,,„| ,,,,1. !h,. v:,lv.-. r :,M,| , , ,|„.,i, ih,^ \,.,|v,. „ ,|„. ,,,, ,,,,„ ,,, |,,„|,,,, „ ,,, . .,|,„,„„| ,, '"'■'■"■"""-'' "V^ -'" ''■■"' '"■'■" .•^■In.lM.-.l li, ,|,|x,. , , ,,Mh..:,,M,,„i, ||„. |„„„|, 'l„.|,.|ll Ih.. lamp- «•,. Ill ,,i|l -Ii,,uii|.^ thai llr. In-,, hail l,i|i n,..| . il . Ii.,u,.\,.,-, til,. n-i. ua- II. Il -Ira.lv- ili,. ivailiipj- u,!,. r,,iii inu,.,l mril n l„.,.ain . -,, |,.|,,|.,.' ''"■ '""• "''^ 'II'""' l"l' I'"' lil-~i lU" Ml, nil,,.- ah,., liiiir^ ivail,,,;,- «,.,■,. '■''■ 'I ''''•'> 'i-il' ii'iiMni'. an. I alli.iuai.l- -.\,.|v minii,,. i,,i,i| ;i„, ..xpi, a, i,,,, "' ''"' liiiiiili- .•ilK'i- 'h-. I,.n,p..,al.||-,. ali.iin-.,! I., a -l,.ii|.. laii- ,,l ,.|iai,-,. ".: Iinal -h.ailv p,.,i,„| ua- ,i-,iallv ivarh.-il I,m. ininim- alirr ll... Ii,i,"..' I'lln-I ivailm-,, ihi- p,.,„,.| ua- lakni a- tl„. t,„ai l,.„,p,.,,iniiv u h,.„ ,.ah '■'''"'"'- ''!'■ '■!■'■ '" '■IHl'I'latllll. 1,1 ih,. ral.i|it,l,.|l.|- .|l,,-,,,.^ I|„. ,.,,,„|„|-li,,|, I' ''"' '•''"■ '•a'nrimi.!,., ua- ll„„ lak,H mil ,,|' lh,. jaik.i. 'li-' l„„,il, ua- '''•" "'"."' ''"■ '-.ll"'!!,,..,..,' .In,.il,.,p:.n,..|, a,i.l ih,„,,'ii.J,lv ,in-,.,| ,,„; uiil, I...' uai,.,' 11,1.1 a lii'ak,.,. ami ali\ I ii- u ,,,. I,.!, i,nl„,,,,, u a- .|i i|..i ami « i.iuiir.l ; I'i. M'.i.hlv ,l,.|arl|.|l,l,. a-l, Ua- i-,.li,.,v,..l l,-.,i,, ,|, . ,.,,,,.il,|, ui,i,.|, ^,.,, ,,^ni,i..| ""■' I"" ill -I 'l'-i'-''ai"f III '-.".l. Ilii- .al.ii:!,,,.!,.,' uat.i- ua- r.n,ii„..| i,, il,,. ''■"'■ ''i'' 'I'llViviii pall- ,,l Ih,. 1,1, nil, a, 1. 1 rail,,;,,,,.,,., u,.,-,. ,iii,.,|. ^.n.j i|„. :.l'!'-:iiu- wa< il„„ ,-,.ailv h,,- am.ili,.,- .Ii.tmni, ,,ii,n, Tl,,. ,in-,nL- Inm, 'i" •aliMinin,., u,.,-,. |i|,at,.,| uitj, -,al,.|af.| -mliu,,, .a I'l „ ilial,. -..iuiiiin. ""'i:\i '.i-aii,-i. wa< n-,.,i a- iii.|i,.aii,i- ( ),„. li.mi- u a- -ulliri,.,,, |.,i a runipl.t,. ''"'''ii'i'ialiiiii. i.Mlu.hnt; luiipiH liir. -I,,. r,,al ami inakiiii; ;1„. n,.,.|.-a,v '■.il.'iilatiiin-. Th,. aniial li-.. ,,f l,.n,p,.|.atuiv ,vi.|,i.l,.,| .liii'lnn ,1,,. ,.,„,, I,,,-, i,,,, p,.||,„| 'li:;' .~lii.iiilhciiiiMM,rii|-irii;at t he ,.|i,| ,,f i he lii>i .-l,.a.|<. p,.|i,,.l i,,,|i,. |„.^in- 'iiii'. .,| lh,. s..,.,,i„| -i,.a,lv p,.ni„l iv.piiivil ii, l„. ,.,,in.,.t.,| I,, I ,„,.,, ,,..'!"„.. ■■'';"' '' '." "I ''"I" lii'' i-aiiinii,..T,.r i,y lailiali r rumlui'i im, iV,,,,, ,,iii-i,l,., 'In- a.liatiiiii ,.,>nvcti,.li ua< cah.ulal,.,! f|-,,i,! 1|„, ,,!,.,.|.v,.,| ra,..- ,,|' ,.|:a, "I ••■iii|M.rai,iiv ,|iii'iiij; thi. st..:iily pi, i,„l.-.. it ua< ki'pi a- ln\ a- p.,-il.l,. \'^ l'.n ,,,.U,., ..,-■., 'o .I.M. I>-. .ai laurin.. ..rlnr ,„.,. .„ ll,- -u.hI.Mi.. tutr .f till- rulonmi'tcr IHTI'MI Wil"^ iii-in ni.'> ■• ■•. r 'I I r......,„.a ..■.„,«■„....„.- l.:..l aUu.u iM- r,.r...,-...,| f-r .•.■.„,■ ahl.n,.,. .,f,l,..,h.Tn,..n,r....-.MM.hl,. .•.■■•..■.l ri I t.n.p.iM. uiv .-.uu-rw. u, u ,„,,..,„ ,l,...v.- (V.Mi.ra,!.. I,v .„.....- .1 r.„,.-.Mo„- lou.Hl I, . ,i.nuo,„H..rn.m...a... •n.-<.i -.,1 -i.. ... ...-u,..T:.nu. '"'';":;;:;, (Vntiun.lr ,lr..v..s, ,nulU|.l,..,l ^^ .1,- u..-i ..,,u,val.-,. ul .I.' r.U.nur. „,„1„„„1,; iuonl.T ,„„l„ain th- , nu- .alonl,. vmIm- -.1 l!.-lu-l. .In- 1, 1 ,, 1„. n.nvrlf.l t'cir ■,u<>-:-i>\\ 1-nli !,u-lii)ii-; i !• . luMt i-i j:ivfti Hilt l)\ ' . ii,,„ wiiv U\>v ill l.uriimii. mtin;;,., 1 II the ImpimIi i-* liiiMr I" !«• •">' null will' ni-r 111 DMITIUI-. f- ,., ,.,,i,. „,,,, ai.a Milphur ill .li.' I".'!, -l-li .-iMK.llv, wlH-i iHU i„ ,1, i„„n- in -ulpliui' .liuvi.l... I.un,^ in tli.' n,Mi|.i..-.Ml uvv^ni ... .li. - .^^ ,.. .ilpluir innsi,!.. .Ui.l. n.iul.i.i-^ wi.l.^u.H- ,..-•... <" -nn - 1 - :^ „,i,, , ,„- „vin. .,11. an <:U: ,|Han.i..v ol 1,..:., ^Inili i:i.i.,o. l- l.^i. .. a^ I. tl,,,,,',..v ... 1«-"''" ...-1 Inmi. I... n.alli-a., 1,11.1. lir.iH Ilia, ,hu.- 1 . .,-1 ^li,i.,,,H,v ,1,.. wi.i.lii . :n ...a.ii-. ..I- fui'l .ak..n. in ..nl.i- ... ,,h,ain 111.. ..il.. . vi,hu'..t llu'fn.'l iii.-:ii..ri.'M'"''-fiiani , i ,,i ,;„. .; ,, .ul, ,.f a ,li....n,iiii,.i..n aiv iliu-.ra..M! l.> .h. UMus.nv, ..xanipl., ... ^^l-l, (■\iiiaiial..iv n....- Iiavr l.n'.i a.l.lcl.: — IM Method of Recording the Readings and Calculations of Determinations. ( Mi.il.l.. n,nl ComI \.i I hik. • uiil N,, 1 hIia i. ."> .'•.'!«» .,,1. ,» I l'>ON ( l>i << nijiiinliiiii I, IImIi II iiliiii II IMHIII ll I. I '1|N.' L'IMIll- I ll-i V>ll.. l.lWIii.l II llHl*; ltl;i|j4, 17 I « ■. It.inil. ,111 -Hi|,t Mill. r!,:iri:r,| I..'.':, ktf .In . -IikIiI I, .,.,(> liiii|K i.iliiii- m:iI,, \i, < j:i. k. I Hi ss «■ : i.«,iii Iti.kiririiiii -iiiiim |i;>N(' 1 MJ II -.■.' ii.it.' ml. it lii|..tiili|l. In.,.' l.'M.lllii;- II 1 1 ;i 1 . 11 I.Vl It 1". II I."..-. H. II I.V. IT II l.-.s is II !.•.!• I'l II \IM \ .'ill •1 in.' 1 ill ■_' I'dJ mo (111' It INI-.' II INUI i 11 .|> .-.1 1 lis -■» •J Jii :.:! 1.' -.'fi :.» ■^■■2iVJ .-,.•, •.'■■_'ii'-' ."ii« ■.'■2lil .'.7 J Ml .'iN .VI '.' I'.V.t I.' ("In >iiii 2 ■.'.".^ III |. III ■-' -'."i" i:,.i.). i.li i.-i N 4- 4 ,s s H 1 +- :» t ,s >> 1 1 . 1 II ij I (j' 'l.il.il li.'Ml .v.ih.il: I .sj.-, . + >* li-t iki I . : I III) 17 ll\ll ; ii^*>, I niv I . I . i:i J ■.'111 It.l.' 1 MIJ ill ■II IKI'.' (ill Mil II I INHi II Hi.") 17 7:i7«) lit .".1 7;i24 l;in-iii!;« to l..-;ikiT 1, l7iM\ n.|iiinil I.I tl... -...liuiii i-;irliiiM;(lc -iilmiiilii, \:i -r.'Ilir.l Will. 7:tJ I l-olvj • i'lss .■aliiiii- |i.r LMiiin Kjlilmi'ilnni .\ol(.-<. ,,,, /.,,,„ „„ ,1,.. H...-kin;n,n M-alr, , l,r,vl\,r,., n.p.TM.in- l."-.-. C innl ,. fa,.t,,rl,M'o„vri-. ,l,..,v..-lVrkn.an.M,n.Hl,rr....~(Vnli^ra.l.. i~.tl,MMlr.,v..,m ,l„.H..,-lunauus,.al... an,l, a , I,,. mnpHa. u,v .- actuallv riMii-, ii i- lic-alivc in va'.ur. , ■ , ,,; Thi^ i> the avna.^.- \:M -1 K'lnp.Tat uiv ii.T mniwt.' .lunu'' ll.r : ^ ■ ,„.ii,„linll-n(Hll IV ,. • , 1 ■ I .1 .,/, Tln^ ,-nlu,un ,iv..-,l,r ,-/. inO-IHIdl IV ,.,■,■ ininu.... a. win. ■ h ,.,|„,i„„,„., ,,„„|,l ,,.., ,..„,Um-. a. .-arh lin,,. , h.M hrnnonM....,' wa^ ,va,l .h. u.. ,,,,.,,,,,,,, ,uMion ,Mio,l. ,m an.nun, ut- .ain ,,,• iu.~ ,,Ma.a, ln,n, ,,M, Ml,,. . ,; M,l,. Tlu. a-I'"'-'i'-'-' '-'''•'■ '■''^'"-'' ''' '''''''"''■^'''''\. '■" a, ,1,.. ,n..an t,.n,p.-a,.n.. .,!■ the lirM ,„.n„.l .()• Ki ) t h- n.t,. wa~ I..,,- ,ni,n.t,..attl,..,n..ant..,n,u.rain,...ul,l„.rnal,,..n,„1.2.^.iMh,.,at,.wa- ^ thn~a,.han. ' 1 -H .an-,..! a ,.han.,. -f ran. ..„nt ^ '■;"'. Z^';^' ^^ ,„|,.|„n.r „M.at,. ,,t-:l:th.TM-nMrn,p,Ta.un. ln,nM..l(, t„(l-.i^ half a nnniltc atlri' tiring) i~ II--.- - 7- thci-cl'iirc. at 1 1 •")(ll: a.!!i ;!.• l-M) ,-ai,. ,,f 1,1" in i,.ni|M.iatur,', ■ 7 that is '^. The other iiiiinl)cr> in lailunni I'/i aiv -mnlailv -:,!.> late.l. u). Thi- ,-,,ln.nn dv.- the eah'ulate,! /.- in t.-tuperat tiiv ,.l the .;,l..:.- niet.T, ilni-in- earh interval of the eoinl.uMi,,n Jierio,!. due to -am ,.r ;.■- |„.at from or t,. the ontM,l<.. The metho,! ,,f calcnlal ion i- a- loll. .v.- ". rate .,f 1,," at 1 1 od a.m., lor exami-le, wa- l.",. hail a mmute later ;• «- s the mean i;.'.- per miinile .lurin- the peri,,,! was II ^ I'l'l a- tl„ "■ i' vv.,<',,nlv half a minute the actual los< lor the perio,| wa~ half thi-. ihal . -,-,;orappro.\imatelv - li. The ahielnai,- sum of lh,. nntnhei- m thi- ...hin::. .vive-^the ealeulat.'.l am,.um l.v whi..h the I emi^eral u..' ,.l the ..ak .' ,n„.t, . attheen,lofth.Ma,ml,uMionperi,Hl,i< low.-r than it wouhl havel„,!MM. heat ha.l |iasse,l fn.mortothe .,uiM,le ,lurin,i;- th,. p. .io.l: thi~ i~ ki, .uu :.- the i-adiatioii correction. , Thi- i> the tmal temperatur,. ,,f the c,.mhu-ti,,n perio,l. whu i> ia-. fro.n 11 5(lto ll.ooa.m.; (|. 0(12 i< a,kle.l, hein- the .alil.ratio.i corn : i„n . : the thermometer at that T(.mperature. ,,o. Thi- i- th,. temperature at 11 .".0 a.m.. when the lirini; -wit. li ».... turned on; the calibration c,irrecti,.ii in this ca-,' i- /er,.. Sul.tra, - 'r^ . from ,/) tiives the actual rise in lempeiat ure. t rccor.le,! temperature at 11 r,i\\ a.ni 1 1 • :> th|. change in lale \\,ii|l.l l,i' -'l {Id. T IIS IS the railialiiin ciirrrri icin, iali",ilati'i| a- ;il til I'orn'ct for licai li)~t. Iliii\r, w liicli |~ m i). l \c net rise III tciiipcianiiv tliii- I'dunfl i< (■(Hivcrtrd int. 'iiitifrrailc by iiiiilti|ilyiriu- liy 1-nii 0) he liptal heat uciiiMarcd in ihr lii,iiil> in cal. iiiultiplyiiij: till' iici n-c in dcuifr- ( ( aldriiiictcr -y-lriii i 1(»H.') in ihi> cri-ci. I'lii ii:i-a'lc li\- ihc Wain- i> <'alrulalf.l \,y rqilivali-nt of the (A-l. The tlicrnial '\' iliiT'Tcni aiitlidi-inc- tui- tl III acci's-.iii-\- |ll!|-li( lie as f(i In, II Tl a\ cnii^iilcraliK : lli If iTaiUiiiis c'diTi'ct inns wiTr A iln'i- mil/: tl "' iiiiiiil),' '.i M'nt!" in~ Mrnnl \va- iinilt i|ili.'.l l,y 17. !!■ i-iiisiuMs iioiii .].., caldrinictiT unv tin-ate. I with >tMliin • lli iri-atn> ot' The anliyilmii-. -alt |icrliti-( r;,-'Miiia1 • siilutidii ciiiiiainin uihi the (■(irr.'ctiiiii was niailc (if mir I'.ir cnitx- imiI n'MUir.'d (thP as>uin|ili(,n wa> Unv inailr that all the acid ll)lr iTHtlllictlV dl' the -dlutidll It \- ua- dilr td lutvic a''id). ilpli Siilplinrir in il: a f.iftl aridity due to siilpluiric ai'id: this 1 T i-dn-,.cti,,n wa- ivc|uii-cd tur that | dftidii dl" the was tnadi' liy mult iplyini; the wriiilit nf roa lakcii hytlicpi.fc.ntauvdf Milphnr it rdiitaiiird (in the ahdw sitii|)lc !• \»-r irnt) and iiiiill iplyinu th. product \,: l;j. Ihc above .•dnvtidii. (whi.'li aiv in caldrie-i siiht racte.l fi-,,in the total heat, -ivcs the total net JieaT frdin the coinl.usiiou of the .oal under ii,,rinal iHlitidiis; this .livhhal hy the weiuht .,f coal taken -ive^ the .■alorifl.- valiU' nf the coal ill calories per ,::rain, which can 1 I'liii- pi'r poutnl li>- iiiultiplyini;- li\- j-s \ll dctenninations of cahirilic \-ali th..-,' checks that dilfered hy less than i'.', cal III lie cdiiverted iiitd British ■{'hennal iicii the coiuhustidn was eiv made in duplicate, ami oiiK ories were considered >ati>ftictdr\- iiof-d, the disaL'i'eement was larch- as \. IS cdinpleie, and no other ohvi iriic as ■_'.), oils sou:-(-e of error In the earlier deteriiiina- ti.in- al.out a ;:ram of coal was taken: it was afterwards found tl i;uliiic.- and better a^rreenient resulted if the wei-ht tak qualitv of the fuel so that a rise ,if f|-dni 1 -.V i,, 1 .sC u t lewer en was varied w Was obtained. ith till Tl ic water e(|uivalent cif the caldriinet ',v h;, 111111.4111 It substances df kiidwn .-aloritic val er system was detennine.l ( ol nwkrl planum, li i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.Hr.,aUo,lM.~|.H.ili.lw.ns,,t,h..^t,...l.l>ra~^.H,. lrn,,M!,.n-,,,-,. ,i;i..,.,„n,,„Mn..„;p.r. nf tlw .alnmu.....,- vr--.!. -1 invr. , a.nn,„n,-M;, -. ,,.,.,,nL..,..,linth..wa,..ran,l-o aivn,,. lH.at..,ll..v.h, n,l.u-1..M . tlu.sam.. ..Mont.tlu.ir water .M,uivalrn. wa~, tliMvlo.v. .-aLulatra M.pann, ,,„1 .,„lv .m.-lhinl of il a.ia.Ml 1o Hh' wat.T ..Muival.ni t..un,l f.,- ,1,.. ivm ; U,.. -v~inn As l!a. wal.r iv.,uin.,l 1.. inuM.Ts.' i1m. l.o.nl. ron-in, '.•- ,, : S.-, „.:,■ .■•■nt ui t!u. wa.rr,.Muival..Mt of ll,.. whol.. >>-.Hn. il- po-MKL on - ivMiltin..- i>i lhc .•alrulalion of thr waUT ..Muival.-it ..f .lir ivn.a.n.l,-,- o, ,■ .vstcin ' .lu,. 1o cn-ors in the al.ovo ,.>ti,.ialion< an.l •■onv ■ u. iru onl^ . .; Muall p.Mv..n1a^r ...Tor of ill., water ..<|nivalc.it ol thr whoi... ,..„. „,, ,,,i,,l ,„,,h,„l a sp.M.ial v..^s,.l was „k..1.- tfo,» wlurl, 1,.; .' w.t..r was .Icliv,.,-,..! into ll- .•alori.n..tcr; il was „f r„pp,.r with a ,lrlr ;, „;i„, at tlu. Lotion, rlos,.a l.y a spring valv artual.a trmn tl- lop. .- n,.„via...l with a stirivr and llH.rmo,u..t,.r. and xvas .M,rlos,.,l ,n an ....r a..k..t to nnuinnz.. nuliation losses. Tl- vessel was >na,U. ot a s.ze to a..w , to staua on tl- lia of the •■aloritneter without tnteftenn.^ with the .Mr,vr „f „,, ,,„er. ana was arfa.,,ea so that the aelivery n.he. wlueh wen. ihn.:. „„, ,,„,,, i,, ,,„. ha thnmi^h whieh one of the lirinl.n.l,l ,U,hver the waff without splashini: into tlie eah.f.nieter yess,! 1 1- -■:....- „.Ct..- was set up as usual exeept that no eoal or fuse WMV were put ,n ,1,. ,„„„,,, „,, that a wei,hea a.nou.it of water was retuove.l fron. the ,nea.,r,„, V.ssel before its e„n1e.its wvre poun^l into the ••alorntteter. so that wher, , ,• Lot water (fron. :5()() to 100 e.e.) was run in. the Ih.al l.'V.. ol water u, ,1,. oalorin>eter shouia he the -atne as usual. Tl- a.nount ol iu,t water ru,. n. w.s a..t..nninea l.v weiM in^ th.. nmtaini..^ vessel ana aeeessones beton- an. after Coolinj: .■.irreetiou^ were appliee, u,. ;. uM.al. but the current was passea throt.^h an an.nteter. at.l the v. a. • UToss ;l,e tenninals of tlu- bomb was .leterniined by a voltmeter. U Mnu- .,f „„, ,,lomneter tetnperatt.res were taken .'very tni.iute .lunn. the .m.. ana h.ial steaav peri.Hls. ami also aurin^ the heatin. per.o.l; reaam.- ... . •' ,„„„Her ana volttneter were take,, twice every nnnute aunn. the • wcu ^ to tl,i,tv n,i,u,1es the cu,Tent wa- passing. The current was va.'.e.l >n . ,c,- ,.U1 experiments fnun about lour to nine ampeies. ana th,. v.uia.. tin. thirteen to seven: tliese were, however. n,ainta,nea a> >t,.aay as j --U. ,l,.,.in. ea.-h experi.nent. It was fou„a necessary to var„,sh the m-nl;,.., .f.naa,'a of tlu bomb to prevent ele,. rol.vsi. of the water betwen thi-a... ,h., rot of thebo.nb.ana il was fouml a.lvama^.-ons to have con,.'-,;. ox ,■.„.„ in the bon,b to a,',-,.l,.rat,. th," i-assa-e ,.f heat ti'o.u th,. h,.atn,,n. to'the walls of the bot„b. The amm,.t,-r an,l th.' iw,. voiiu-iei- ,-.,, .• were ^ta„,la,-,li/,.,l in the i'hyM,al Laboratori,.s of McCiU TrnverMiy. u,m, till' iliivcliiin 1)1' I'l-df. II, T. 15: il'lic-. alhl With I Hii\lr, :ili(| a t:il)lr <>( rilllCI't i(;!l- (|r ijiimii: whicli the ciinciit was |i:i>-(.(|. A il ir a--l-talirc ,,[ |)|-. Il' 'I' i> tlic liinc il W I ~IMI.1|.|~ II' iiii'aii roiivcinl \alui' dl' ilic he mean ((iircctril valiii' i>\ the cunviit in voll-. I! ih,. (invcliMl n-. Ill lciii|MTa1uiv i,\ ihc I'aloiinictcr ill ( Viit i-ia^lc .|i-ivi'-. aii^l i'linviii 111 an 'iv>. \- t Wil IV Water nnii valclit cii' th,. ,-j\, alter i- i;i\-eii l)\- ij il'iiiieter sy>Ieiii, tjiei, ih,. value cil' tin le e(|Uali(in: he \veiiiliiii;i(it' the |iart> n( the cal A ;< \- X r I! ■ l-iss iliiriiiieter ua\-e as the water ei|iiivaleiit lalteinpera- il tlu' whole systeiii--ilirhi,lin;; the wei-lit iif watertakeii at tlie usual . lure elii|>l(iye,l. ami also the oxy-eii in the huml, -the value i.l' |(Hi I o mean iif nineileterniiiiat ions varviti^' I'v Thelidt Water metliDij Liave.astlu Hill til l()s:>, t ., the ivMili (,t lOlid grains, The electrical met Inn uetermiiiation-. results varying' iVom l().V)i,i |(I7|) wit! Il was (leciiled tii ailopt the value iif lOC,.". grains. :ave. in seven I a liieaii iil' lOli'J ;;raiiis A new ami heavier linml r.ios, the wate ll.'iO ;;raMis. ill was used lor all ileterniinat imis after Xo r e(|uivalent (,l the sy,,,.„i was then similarly (leti'riniiH'.l Fuller details of the method of use of a liomh cal ill a Jiaper hy Atwater and Snell.' onnieter can tie tound r.M.olilFn \' \I.(K OF ASM I- in:y. coai. Ash f recorash and suliihur free coal do not exist, so that the ral< value of a coal calculated on either l.asi. has a theoretical si-nilicance only ami has. iifol.al.ly. little commercial value. It w.as, however, thou-hl Woitli uliil.'tocah-ulaletl alorihc value of the ash five coal, in order to assist 111 I lie comparisi ~c;iin. The nieti- I'aloiilii- \alue liv the -ample. d alcul; illereiit raw .-ind Washed saiiijiles from the same ition coiisi.-ted in niultiplyiim- 'lie determined ami invnlim; hy 1(1(1 minus tl le percentage ol ash in cAi.niunc v.M.ri; i \i. more r.apidly and easil\- made 'iiaM' an,-il\"ses are m iniiii <,f cal analysis, and as few lalioratories e(piippe,l to make iilti o e(|iiipped with at least a I'arr or ot her -imple it als orimeter. if not with a lioinli calorimeter, tl -aiiM 1 liy inakinii such calculali( lere -eeiiis to lie htti Tl !l 1 le calculation wa-. 1 cli o! 1 u! t lina f a:;:i!\>rs had hr< ii i io\M'\cr, made li.eie, and the Jour. \m. C'hciii, Scic, Xdj. \.W. .V,,. 7, .[,,1 ll.v l!lll.'>. |ip, ti."!)-i;!Vt, ,,.-uh. MIT "ivn ill tlw tabular ^ta1.•.^H.t. Tlw fnnnula a.lnpf.l "v,- tl.a: ,,,• l)ul,,„" ,vcuinni..li.lc.l l,y ll.c ( •..in.nit tr,. o„ Coal .\i,alv-i^ n\ 1 1,. A.M.Tiran ClH.nm-al SnriHv ( ls!.!l) . wluM, i- tlw UrM known, though 1.o>mI„ not till- !iin>i ai'curalc , ■ i • s(Mi (■ . ;ill.i(Mii-M» • ■-'■-'•■'" '"^ ralonlic Naluc n, ralon.- 1" „,,„.. uli.iv (• i- ihr wri^l.l ol .ail.on in on.^ .^nun of ih-' -an, pi,., II il Ivh'Ux if iiy.lroLirn. ( ) lliat .if oxyuvn. an,l S t hat of sulphuv. n I.I. H \ I Id Tl,.. fuel ratio of a .'oal, ti.at i-. thr nunil.rr ol.lainr,! l,v aivi.li, : ,|„, ,„,n-..nta^." of fiv,l -arhon in ihr >an,plr l.y thr p..m.nlati.. .: volaiil.. inatfr. .iv,- con^iacrai,!.. inMjiht into th.. .•l.araH,.r ol ih. n.:, : ,1,.. l,i..i,..r ll... ratio tlic .nor., tit- roal !,a- rlian.ra from its on.mai v^ctal.. „.„,„,. Thf ratio varir.l in tl,.' .a.nplr^ ..xai.un.M from tlnv.-lonrt It- in :, !i'„uilr to ncarlv M.vn. in tm anthrarif. Tlf ,l..t..rn,immon ol voh.t.r nnttM- in roal ran not l.c .•lapsed as an acrnrat.. ,lft..rmmati.m, an.l any ..!,.,' ,,,...- an it,...-r,,.r in th,. IimmI rarhon. aml,llior,.|o,v. a lar.-r ,,,.,,„. i„ „,, ,,ii„ „,■ ,1,, ,wo; no .ijinili.amv, th.Mvfotv. shonl.l l,r attaM,,,! ,o Mnall variations in th.. ftU'l rati.., l-tit. as M-.f.! al...v.. tif rati., .lo.'s .iv,. ■I ..(.ncral i.li'a .>f tlic nalurc ..f the .-..al. " " 1) ii l).,\vlin- ..f tlic Cana.lian ( ;,...l..-i.'al Survey, ha> sui:-..>i..^i a ,„,„,i,i,.,l ,•„,„ „,■ ,l„s rati... whi.-h hr .-alls th,' -Split \..l .til..- n.Ii.,.' II.. „n,p.,M-a..la>sifi..ati..n..f c.als f.,r .•omi....rcial purp..s..s .l..p..n.hn,tr ..n .1..- rai.. tiM..I .-arl...., plus .„,.. half th,. v.,latil.. n,att..r, .hvi.!,..! l.y m..iM ... phw ,.n..hah- th.. v,.latil.. matfr; th,. anal,v.s,.s l...int: ma.l.. on an air mit '•uni.l.. •■ •■laim i> ma.lc that this rati.. vari..s m.-rc m a,T..r.lan... .I'i, th.. h,.atin,ii valu.. of tl... .-..al than .L.es the or.liiiary fuel rati... (■.\l(Ii.>X IIVllUl.tlKN U.VTl.. (■,,l..,n an.l hv.lr..j:..n aiv capaLl.. ..f vry ..xu.-t ,l..t..nninai.o.: ... ,,,.,1 .„ that th.. i-ati.. ..l.tain...! by .livi.liufi th.. p,.r....ntaf;<. ..t .aiii..., nr..s..nt bv th.. pcnrnta;:,. ..f hy.lr..,ii..n. is on'. Nvhi.-h ca.. l- .M..r- „,„u..l with .■..nsi.h.rabl.. a.a.ura.'y. M. K. (•a.npl...ll, in th- r..p..rt ... ih. V S \ C.al 'n.stinf: I'lai.t at St. I...uis, r(.|..mHn(.n.ls the ,.arb.,n-hv.l:.-..|i rat^.. as tl... ......t salisfa<-t..i'v basis f..r th<. .■lassifi..ati.... ..f .'..als; .1 -h mM, h..w,.v..r. 1... .•ar..f..llv ..,.t...l t hat his ii,-u.vs ar.. f....... analys.'s ot a.i--.lr....i ..,.1, whilst the a..alvs,.s an.l .■ali.,s jriv,... i.. this ,...p.„1 a.v ..f .Iry coal. D.'y."^ 'l'- sampl.. b..f.,r..'a..alvsis has the ..ir.-.t ..f v:,\An^ tl... .•a.-b...i-hy.lr..jr..n : .;i.., this mak..s tl... n...st s...-i....s .liriV.v...... in tl... .'as,. .,f th.. l.^n.t.'s; th.. .aim ,,,uiab,...asilvr..-..al.Milat!..ll..th<. air-.liy basi .. .I..SIIV.1 . F..r a furth.'r .lis..u.-si..i. of th,. above ami ..th.M- n.eth.Mls f,,,- tl... . .--.- fieati.... ..f .'..als f.-.,... tl... .■h..mieal anal.vsis. see the ■.utu-U' by M I. t'aini.l.(.ll. .■..f(.riv.l to ab.ivi..- ^ .. i),....,.l. ,,. il... p .1. irtliiilit .1. -Vlli- U,.|,„..t N... Ili:;..,.l 11.. '. ..■•..-"■.' ■-.'.-> V i v'y 'v"n \vi I'ldS Cii.M.la. p. i:i. .S-..alM,Cai.a,liai'. M.niiiK .l..ui-.,al. \..l. .\.\I.\. P- H-l- l-"'^- -■ (f. S. Cool. S.irvcy. I'i-i.f. I'apcr 4S (I'.H.U), pp. L'.ti 1T;<.) Jt ^.» -^MH iurette stopper pipette for ittck phoip/)orui I" zeetion of stopper ana capi/Vary tuifi / ^\ v -- -3'— Si- u \ 1 1 ^eai for reader? f^ S.,-li„n „l .rh,- p:u-t^ oi Ha,„l:,n aii,l Hainlu.il i:a> analy-iiiu- apparal ,.^. I". ''"'"■ ' -li'iinil-. uliirli aiv u unlly .Irlc'i inilir,! in ih,. ,aiii|,|,.. ,,| I"''"''"'''' -•'"• '•"!-"■ "^■'•1' ^.•'>, rlr., .■,,,•: r:n\n,u ,|i..\i.|c. I 111 -^1 II IV I r, I ''>■'''■'"'■"■'"'"- '"' 'I"-'' '■lii.\l''lir i> liHi-t iiii|,Mnalit. alhl their lolai pnv.MiT.ai;.'. llinc Krini; im ir;,.lv iiicaii, tur arirniiiiiiiiM thrni -r|,, r:il.-ly. '- J^''>"'i'i'ly iviK.it,.,! a< III, |„.ir(.m,,^ ■ .■liivlciu.i, ,,\vi:rii. larlMMi '""""'^"''■- -•'" ■'"•'! liy,|r,,cailM,ii- ,11-uallv allimM ciitiivlv Mi.-llialiH hyilni-ni. ,,ii,l iiitr..-,.M. 1,, (|,„. nas >a- ., -arlM,,. ,li,,Ni,,,-. oNv:;r,i. Milx.u mouoxi,!,., anil iiiiro-.Mi aiv ili,. ,mly nm-tinicni ^ ilcliTuiiiicl. Tlic fii->1 four ;;a.--rs iiic-it ioncl almvc ale ilcti'iiiiiniMi l,v al.Mul.in... tlinii !.uc(rs.-ivclyl)yiiicaUs,,|'suital>lciva-C'lits:a(lctitiit('V(,luiiicnrMa^ iKMlr.,., as u rule). iMcasiuvil uii.lcr at iiiospiicrir |.ivssur... is pas-cl fn,r„ the iniM-iiriii- vessel into ail aiixirpt ion ]ii|.cttr I'oiilaiiiiii'r the fii>t ivaiii'iit lo l.c ..iii- ploycl: after suliicicnl time has ..lapscl for coMiplet.- aiiM.rplion the -as is hroii-l.t hack in'o the incasiirinu vi.s>,.l, ami the iv.lhition of volunie at iitrnosplicric prcssuiv uiws the volunii. of the i-on>litucnt uas al.-oil...,! I.v tiiat rcajiciit. After the four alis. residue limy contain this is tiiken, tni\ei[ will ilisorptions have been coinpleteil tl le uas niethane, hydrogen, and nitroiren: a definite aiuoiint of 1 an excess of o\\Ken or air. and exploded in iver mercury by means of an electric spark I •I the reduction in the volume of the jias. due to the exi'l lelueeii two platinum jioints; then the volume of carbon dioxide prod plosion, is measured, and lustic i)oTash. Ihe reactions in the exidosion are:^ jiroduced is determined li\- ab-orptioii in (')■ <'ll, • L>(), CO, : 2II,() 1 vol. vols. j;ive> 1 vol. - vol. of "as. ( ontl'actloii (2). L'lL ()., .,() )ls. : 1 Vol. i;ive> vol. of :a<. Conti-actioii 15 \-i inmi which the followimr formuhe are deduced:-- \'olutiie of m-thaiie volume of carbon dioxide produced. ^•ohime of hydio-ep, -; (volume of coiniaction less twice v.ilmile of larlion dioxide produced). the vohiincs of iiiethaiie and hydrogen found in the .|iiaiitit\- of i;as ' Ml lue taken, their perrenla;ics in i he oriiiiiiai sample can easly be calculated. b the ,uas IS Mot rich enouuli to explode when mixed will I ox\L;en, a little •ctrolytic -as is added to tlie mixture, lllectrolvt itroh II ,-a> is lormei .vsinji acidulated water, and is composed of liydro-cn and er; as the elect rolvt ic tlic proportions rei|uired to form wat '■' water when exjiloded. the addition of the -as makes no ,1 liNal volume after the explosion. The > . rceiita-e of ixy-eii 111 as returns eiitirelv ll'ferelici' til lli( \v subtracting from KM) nitro-eii is calculated the sum of the peicenta,:,es of the oilier coii-t it iicnis. I.> (,„. I,,,//'/ ■''/' ll" l>r^.,l-\hn,.l.. )/i/"//w/„«. •|-|„.n,-a! a|.|K,r,,Iu~ i- to.u ■111 «nl-r:,i,v .\,-ry\',nu,u m| >i to 1^ ,.;,U-ti.- pnl;|-ll M :il'-'llK imiIhMI ili.ishl.' ,11,,1 M,M,rj:;Jlir arid. <■> al.-oll, i<\y^vu . 'riic ali-<'l'i:'lit- rllipl'A.'cl w •! ,■', all alk:iliiH' -ululiun <<\ !'\ i.i-:ill"l M and iniallv. an arid -olu, i,.n ..r ,u|,iuu- ililond- n> al^.m i.i-l-i, in..„ nxidc- ll.r tuu la U , T-ul ut ion~ ,v.,ui,vd liv.|Urnl i-.nruaU. I In' IvM.'^:!!!"! .,l„nonua-„Kidrl.vd,-M,lvin.7.i-a..i-of .lii.-:d. in Is ,■,,■. o, ua-r aiH ,,l.,,-i,r. Ihr -nlulinn ill tlM^al-nrptici pipHi.'. a -'luMni, nl 1 I., i:rani-ul lau- ;,,, ,,,,,^,.1, i,, ,,-,,,.,,, wa.rr ua> ilini addiMl. an,| 111. pil-'t.' at imn. rl„-..d („,. .\„. -v. Vol. V , I'M.Ti. y. :;^e. I;'^. ^■■;|>;'^^; ' "' -' ,i„„„,- ,11 ,lii. .la^span- ol ,1,.. apparaiu-, and I'latr lAIl I- 1.-." : pl,„to;:ra|.li nf tlir a|)|iai-atu- wlirli .ct up . Tlu. Mi.a-urinu' l-in.-n.. i~ "f mtlivr 'no,-,, than KH.-vr. i-aparuy: ll. „am,wp:ir. i<..Mduat.lin;,,r.r.ln.m 102 r.r. a. , li. linUuni lo ,0 iv., ju^' ,,,.|„,,. ,,,, „-i,|,. ,,,,, . „„, l,a- a wl.i. . l.a.k with a Muc s„-.p lo lai-.lnat.. am, ,,,„, ,...,diu" TIm' I-imI""> "f '!"• '""■'•'''■ i'i"'i"'"''^ '" •' "•"■'■'"' '"'"■ ';"■ ■' n.hl.M-r,.nmAiunw,,i>al..v..|liu.l.nill.'.andliirupp,.r..,,dniaw.drn(..kwln.^ fonn-tlii.raMii.rora MX-way tap Mop,.T. On Hn' i'U,..r .,n.un,t,.n-n ■ ..f,i,is,.aMn. aiv MM-apillarv .uh- 1 i" Lm.. wliiWi ..a.hn.nnnun.n:. with th. l.i.ivtt.. wluM, the >t„pp..r i> in tliL pn r p..-,t,nn. Mv p.pHt.-s v.... ,hu- if Hrn.~-a.v, t,.' in luni .li.vnly .•onn.Tfd with th.. Imivitc s" .■linin,:.- i„. ,1,, \uu'z h.'ad.T ••al.iil.ry .,f the < )rsa1 api-aratu.. and tl... nr.vs>,ly, .- with thr Ih-nip-d apparatn^. for rlian.::i..^ th. liilM'ttrs .hinn. the l.n.i'..^^ ..l ,„,lv~i^ Th- six-wav st..pp.T wa< k.^t w.dl iut.riratiMl ami n..y..r fiavc a.> in.nl.l... -l-h.. pi|.ctt<.s for liquid iva.L'cnts aiv n( xhv typ.' in uh,.-h ,.••■ ^a- ■ fnnvd tn pa- Ihrnuuh tlic iva^vnt ; tli. l>i|iett.. pmp.T I.Tinmati- in a nan-w ,„1„. whirh imsscs tl-,r.m,.h a doul.l.-l„„vd rnhl-T .inpp.r into a .m'- - ,.;,l..nn,..v..r llask, vvhirh acts as a .uppnn f...' th. pi|M.tt.. and a n^crv.,,,- M:; th.' iva-vnt a sccmd till..' throULrh ih,. ruhl-.T Mi.piHT „t ihc llask ran, u ,„.,,,..arv 1.. ,.„u,u.rt,.d to a very ^inipl.. wal.T tand.n- on llu- h.-- hoanl of ih.. apparatu-. Wh-n ^a- wa> hiMii, pas.M into a pip-'tt.-. th. '... wa~ fi--l tunuMl for an instant into sn.d, a position that th.. li.pad was dnv. u .,ut of hoth ,.apillari..s l..adini: into Uic piprtt.Mh,. tap was tluM, ^.v.n 1... :■ uu-u and th,. ,.as thus fom-.l to l.ass throu;;!. th.. Ion....' .•ap.Hury an.l ns. i,. thniujrh th.. li.|uid 'I'll., followiu-r iva;i<.!its wvi-c ..mployi-.l as al)M)i!icn1s; (1) cai!- ;!■ potash soluti.-n. to al.-orl. .-arbon dioxi.l..; l-ivpaivil l.y .hs.olvn.^ ...... 1 : "t hv w,.i.h. of ..au-ti.. potash i.i two pa.'t. of wat..,'. Vl) l^-oniu... watiT <^ ,a)so,-l> un:suu.atp.l hydn-ai-ho.i~. -.-h a- ..thvl,..,..; a satu,-at,..l solun „. „f i.nin.i.... i.. wat..,- was us,.d, so,n...in...s ahout 5 p .i- <■.... ot l-ota- m, i,,,„ni,l.. was a.ld...l to u.Ur. ll... vapo..,- p.vssu.v ..t th,. h.-..nn.u.; ih,' ...- I'lll. I,\ II l;:'ii'lall:irhi liin i,l„-,il n:.- imkiIx -iiii; M|,|,:ir,-,Mi- , L'.-iirn,! m, u . I >,,,:,, t „„„t ,,i \!,„i,r .111.1 (In- |)iv^>Mm:. Mil.ill I niwi-iu . L- I - «»1IIW I 1 «s . %-mtm- ua- .•,lu.,v- ,...,„„., I ,,, ,1,.. |.,„,.|, |„|„,„, ,,, ,,,,„,,^,. I, „„,„„, ,^,|„,„,. ,„,,. ,,,^, "■""•■■>"">"■- '-' S,i,k- ,,l v.|l,,„ |,|„.-|,|,Mn,- 1,, u.„„.vr ,,^^..,,, ,1,,-,. a<' H.a.lr t.N ,n..|.n,., vHloU |,h,,-|,h,,M,. ,„„|, , u;,,.., ;„„l -nrki.r^ „ ,i|. ,1,1 . -i I'"''"' -'■'-■ '"'""'^ Ml alM„„ ,,;■ l-.iv. ,1,.. in,. „. ,,„| |,„, ,1,:: „.,t „! ''"■ '"'"■ ''^ ""'^"" "I ^' -1^'- '■••': ■•'■'.^ •-'-■:,• 'a-.. „,„M l„. t.,k,„ „. |,. M..,„.. :,iL: ll„. :,Im,\,. ,,|H.iMt,..„ ,,, a..,,i,| ,,|| ,,-k ,,| I,,,. ,„ ,M,i-,,i,i„^, Thr |, 1„,-|, I, ..,•„- I"l""'' "^'~ l'^""""l '" I""""' '!"• |.li..-|.l,..,„- l,.„„ ,[„. .„.,,„„ „, |,„,„ l> \l,ll„n„,;,.al r,||„,,,|- ,|,|,,,„|,. -,,1,„„,1, ,,, ;,|.-,,||, ,,,,1„„| „,.,n,,si,|, | :, ■a,,,-.. I ai,,i„u„i„,iM|,|,,ii,|,. „,.,,.,li-,,K..,| i„ .,,,,. ,., ,,| ^^,„,., i„ ,|„. ,,..,.,,,„, la-k. .-.: .^,al„- ,,l .aii.iniis ,.1,|,„„|,. u,.|v a.|.|,.| a„.i •,■„,,,„.. I a>,.l,„,|,i;, -l.l.'l ^Mll, llr,|,i,.„l -hakil,i:,ii,tiltl„.,u|,|„.. -:,l, ua-,|,-,,|vr,i.ual,rua~tl„l, l'l'''l I" till tl,.' Ila-k TI,|« -mI,,,,-,,!, ua~ aluav- pn,,,.,!,,! I,,„„ ||„. ai,' |,\ ' "■'"■'■ "■■''• "'"' ■'" '" ''"■ I'll"''"' •■"i.l ill tl,- Mai «a- .Ii-|.k,.r.| l,v nil ,,,..,■!, " I'.^'ll"^'" "l"'li iHillil.,; ,1,.. |,i|M.,l,. ,.-,, \,.,.| ,„|„,,u- ,l,|,„i,l,. I,, al,-n,l, .„y rail.uii l„n„,,vi,l,. II,,, |,iv\i,„i-ly al.-nil,..,|, h, i: , , , „ „ ,,i ,.,,|,|„.r ,,^i,|,. .'■•■I" .ll>>n|vr,l l,v ua,„.ii,i: u„|, .'(M) ,■ , . ,,i ,-,,ii,.,.n, ralr.l I, v.|n„|,k „|,. .,,aM ''"' '■■'■■ "' "^'"•'- '"■'-'■ '!"■" ■■"M.-.l a„.| .M, „aln~ ,„• „„„■ ,.,,|,|,„,' ,„ ihr l,,i„,' "1 M,n„li;;>, wiiv.u,- i;a,i/.', a,„| i|,.. ul„,lo h.-af.l ah. I ra„M-,i , ■ul\^ -i, r niiMl r,,k„„-|.-.-,l„. -ol,iti,,i,ua«lh..„,.,H>l,.,|a,..,„.,.a„,|,,a„-lr,n.,|,,,-,u ,l,-|- -.■.l.'.l p,|,Hlf uill„,„t ai,- \,vUv' alk,u,.,| ,,, ,■,,„„. in ,.,.nta,'I u,ll, „■ r,,,,,,,.,- ».,.• ua~ kri„ ,1, ,1„. n.-,.,A..i,- lk,>L ,,l 1|„. |,i|„.,i,.. a„.| ,!,.■ -,,h„„,n Aa- in Mii- u a\ kc|il ciliiiiiic--. Tl,.' al».vc a|i|,arani, ua^ ,imm| \nv nraiiv all |m.m|,wc,- ■■■a^ >ain|,l.-, :i!^ I lo,all ll,f line i;a- -aliipli- ancrtlii' In -I -,ni,i,,c|-. ■|'l';':H'tu:,laiialv-i- >va> rai,',',-,! ,„„ a- |.,ll,,u~: ,|„. |,i, „.,,,.- „,,,,. , ,„,i, :.'V.| with tliciri'ra;;,.nt,,„-u,l|: ua,,>,-ili • !;.• ra-r ,,| thr phn-pl,,., iK piprlf ' ' ' '"■"■'' .l"^' ''•''"" »'"■ ~"r-"I-. :h,.| tl,,. l.nivM,. an,| i,- i,,,„, ,,,|Mlla,-v '""■ '•"'"■ '"'"I'lHcly 1, 11,.,! uilh ual,.,'. Tl„. a^mal,,!- l,„l,l,. r,,n,a,nin" tl.. N,l„|,lr (-,■«. pau.. |J7i ua-|.la.-c.l,,„ a -,ai,.| in li.,,,, ,,| ,|„. appa,atn~ •in -tan. I an. I -a,,, pi.- 1,. ,1, 1,, aiv ^l,.,un,„ ,!„■ I,ti in Plat,' l.\ II ) : 1 1„. , uMm.,- ■■ :!■• ..I tl,,' -an, pi,' lH,itl,. ua- lill.al uitl, u ai.-i- 1 1. .n, ih,. .p,-in- ,-lip ,,puai-.|-, --n-pla.',' tl„'aiili,,n, it an. I ua> ih.'i, .■.inn,.,!,.,! ,,,,!„. |,-,,ni ,';,pillai\ liil,,^ ■■'■ ■'"■ I'llivil,.. lU -nilaMy inanipulalin- tl,,' vali.„i- .'.H'k-. al„l l.'V,!!!,,.. 1— !■-. ap|ii'u\in,at,'lv Ur: ,','. ,,|' 111,. ;;a- -ampl,' u,'i',. int i.Mhi.,..! im,, ih," l"''"l,.. Ml,. I IJH' >ainpl<' \,uuU- ali.l Man. I \v,',v ,','i,i.,\,.,|. Aft.'i' ll,.. ual,.,' ''^"' '"■'■I' ='ll"«.',l 1., .1,'ain lr,,n, ll,,' ualK ,,f ,l„. I,„n'lt,. f.,,' ,,„,. n,ii„it,.. 'If !. vclliiii;' liottlc ua- iai~,'.| an.l lli,. Lias ,',,nipr,'-.M.(l I.. ,'\a,'llv Hill ,'.,■.' '1'" ul,i„Ttul>ini;at ll,<'l.,,tl..n,u| ih.'l.nn'tt.' wasi|„.„pin,'l,r,l u itli thr l,ni;,.,' :'i"i 'inimh to i)i'..v,'iit cliau-c in vohiinc, whiU llic M„p-,',H'k wa- iiiiim.,! <<> hnnjr The f,Ms in the burette ilit,) inoiiieiitary (■(iiiiieNioii wjih tl„. ,,i,iM.ie ."' \- the f;:is was at ni„i',' than alindspheri,' pi','",n',.,.-,,nie u,„il,l cM-ape ''■'■' M- 100 ,'.,•. at atinosplu-i'ie pi'e-iire in the hurettc. By snitahlv tiiininir tjii :.,ii-('iii'ks •iiiil r.iijiii.r tl.,. I,.,-,.!!.'..,- liii-t-th, tl • • " • . .- a... I !.t.. 11.^ .,,< ,i\i,,,i,u Dottie. tlif ;;a.- •,•.,., (iriVI li .,Vfl UiId iIh aiistic jM.tash |,ipette, wliei'e it was li'l't, with (M','asi,,nal ^l,akill^^ f,,r "iw iiimite. The -as was then retm-ne.l t,, the l,,ii'eiti. an.l ti,e n^a-ent 'VAJbTK^ ,,,,„„.t„ iM.k-M... ,.u,.,l l.wl iH.I.- |M|...N- M'.i .1,. u,,l.■MKM...^. l,....„all.,u..i.-l^,ln.l..«nu,.l,.■l.u>,■,.,.|.„ :"":"",;'"' v'"!V''ni'H |,.,.l,,Ml'..u:....nM. u:,-, !,.■-..,,.. ;,-.l,:nnMl„l,u,.M,..:,„.ln-n. I.n, ,„.„1 ,1„. ,.„,., :MM..n «:,- .,,l.n a- '1- ^..^^ ..I .1..M.I- I — t ,„■„„. -:,n,,,l, ll„...,-u;,-.l,.-...:,n-I.M.-,l-...l.-.. I,.,... ,an.l 11 ,. u;,- l.ll I """""■ '" ''"■ I"" '■'' ■"'"" "■ '"■ ,11,.- II, til,. |.|i..-.|.Ih,iii- iIiiv inliiiiir- m 'Im- Ii' ,.- in I li,. Mil. ml. illl'l II V.M- ill":i I,, l„in.Mr I- iMir II- \..luii,r «;.- u-jA I'Im' -iI"'^- "I, \:,,„.,| -l,.jl,,l\ :,r.M|,liii- n. Ill'- li.-lih, ill,. I,i,,iiiiiir. llii,-,' Minn ,,,,|„,„|. ,1,1, ,11.1.. -..iMtluii all. I MV- iniMM! 1,11 a iiilliuti' III ' |,,r al hiH'ii \M'i,'. Iii,\>>v,i ,l„l„.nx„^ n, Ml,. „a.,lii.:.nail„.|.i..l 1.. |H.,n.,i. a..' "l til,. .ii-.. >•■ I,, l„. al,-..ll»'l •||„. I,-, ,„ amin.ili.a,:,! ni|.i.m- ,M.,n.|.. filLiU-l \'^ i'- -'''.I -.lu., :. „.„.. VIA -,1l-la.i.>vv .,-uh- III.' .il.in."l.l:i'al -,iluii.,ii li:i- ^Ma' 'a!'" ^,',, .,1 ,,.i,„i. ali.l .hra.i.l -.lun.Hi, uIimIi l.a-a v a| n .urp,,-.,,.. i,.., ,|,.,;,,,,,„'|ia. !„„li„.a.,-„.-u,llla-i „„■ a laf.- nu.nl . a -., .IlI.t ■ |,,.„.n,iiiia,,.,ii-..M,v.l..,.,n aii.l niiil.aii.. in -I,,, .a- „-,.lu,. 1,1- .. ,|„. ,1 al.-..n.n..ii-, u.av ina.l- l.v ,.s,,l„-l M.r n,,., .un . u-ualU j. a ,,,,„,,..|,,l,„.M,.uln.|i. ,ll„. -,.|n,...i:.nh ana-lm.li., Ihn > -P.ll:,- ,.,„i,i!..,„l, ,„ 111. In,,,.,-, I.u a-i.„ialK.,l... .a- liH alUT iMiin. .. ,.ail Ni'l- -a- ,>an-.,.nv.| n, a |..-: -ul"' --a „i,.„a,n , ami ,,,,.,,,-,- ,-.,ni|,l.a...l ..v,a naninMii -I.' I^ai,. an.P\ li..l.a a, ,|.aia.n-. 1.. • ■ „i,.,,ar,..l l.v v\.-rU:,U-nvi a .Ilium -.luli.m ..I -ulplniM. a.i.. |\ li,' .^a-, pii'l' ■1 ~ I.I li\ ili.i'^i I „„.,| ,,,..,1,1.1, ,l.,...a^laknnr..i ,-Npl..-.m:lli.|..Tr,.n.: n,..,liam. ,n,a...lu.-.-.a-:,iv„..l.a-:, ml,.. Iil.l... ^'^ '-''■' \ ■, ,,|„-i„„,„l..,„a.lnui.l,.,u, -M.-I,a.l.l..l.,n, Tli,- i.-,- ..M lir U..,i,- ami \ II . .• ' ,,a,aMi-l... .la'.l,-.,-iminaM f liv.lni.rn a. I ni.a lianm ami . I.y l.a.. .,,:. :,;,;i Uamlian a,.palaln-l....l.-lai.niiinan..||...llH;..Ma: Minia..^ ,|,„„,-^„a-l.ani.M..lH-a v,.n -a.l-lam.in . . „nl una.,. „i. ali.l I apni alia ,.,„l|,| ,hu- \>r liia.l,. Willi l.'a-.inalil,' a.a iiiai-\ \V.|„.ii-n„. ,-ii.ii.K -aU-ta.a„rva-M,.....iilinin.li.|in.l fill- ^a- ana'. -I- .,. .„„; ,r-M,K. ill i. -.an app' 'aaL!. .•K.,.n.: Im, ihr i.- ^ :' ,„„,,„„„li, ,,,1,. .■„n„ii..l,-U,au. will, ,li,.im-v.a-r.l:nr>i,a,-S t . , 1 1 .lU ., , ,. Xhl„.u.i. i. .- l-"i''l" "■ "- "aUTunli iva.inal.P a.aaiia.v .lunu. .,. al,.,rpti„n- i. -ann.„ 1„. i.-M : inu^ ilu' .'xpl.-sKm a- ih- ■•arl.on 'I, .■ ..I, ;,„„,,,.„,. „,li,.|,i,|,pi-,.Miiv.l.v,.l,,H..I hv,li....xpl-H.n.i^,l.---.ilu..i.,H !a,„-i.l.a.al,!.. .■x.,.n, WUr wal-. ami ., M 1 L,--.,, ,.avl,„n .l..,.,!, ,„.,.asi,m< a lar-, i.|r..iiii tin' r.'Mlll. Th.. |„ll„win. nNanipl.' ^I'-w- th. n,..tli.,.l ot .■alia.laUn. ti... i.-r .i ., jias ai.aivMs with lliv Itan.lall ami Haniliaii appara.u- ami lirinprl rvi "'a-. pipfiif: «Pfi#.T ipiai [V/ 101 TAHI.i; \\M Analysis of Producer Gas, with Randall and Barnhart Apparatus. waatiiki'n i I'roiluicr y^is; VlttT IMJlaaii Alicr l.roiiiim- Alter I'liii.-^pliKniH Alter (.■uintju-i i-liloridu \ Mlniaeiif ua-H ri-si.hie takeii ftircxjjiusi >n \!ifr ivi'liiin ;iir \tier u'Miiii; .■U'l.-irolyiic ;;ai After .•v|)i.Hi(m \tlrr p!it:i-li (■ >iiir;irtioii .hit- l(. livilri'prn ^■;! ' I -it) - l-ij ■ ■ M(.' til Jin*.' .Nitruj-L'u us" U N"le (a) Ml Note i\,') i-:t SO. 2 - ,, S(l-J f7(/.s' Aiidl i/.-sis in ih n. one and W'hcclvr (Jns .1 /)-////.<(' .s Aijiniriit This :ii)|);imtus \v:i> .Icscribcil iiv \V. A. Mouc and |{. \' . \\ Inuiiial 1)1' tlic Socictv of ('liciiiical I u'clcr 111 tlic ll was used {ov all coke tivc mill-try. Vol. .\.\Vll.,Juu. l.j, I'JOS, ji.K). 11 ^'a.< saiii|ilfs. I'oi- a few prod S'Uiu" iiiisccllaui'ous fia-: .>aini)l('S, and also. uccr Has suiiiijIus and ■ribcd al'oNc, lo dcterinii thr 11 ictliaiie and liydroscii ii coii-titucuts had hei'ii n'lnovdl in the li:i pruduccr Lras sani|ilcs al'lcr the otlier H landall and liarnliart aliparatu.-. Fis;. .") t Liivcs a d L\ III aii.i LIX aiiparatus coinnri: iaiiraiiiinalic ivpr.'sciilation of the up|iaratiis. and Plates )\v tl;<' apparatus a- .-rt up in the laboratory. Tho l>ns<-:, , .ss(. lit ially, three |>arts viz.: (D a water-jacketed ci^nihiiiation of nieasurinir ainl pre.--ure tubes, tliKiiiiiiilhe i^lass tap, C with t!ie nieirur\- ri iiid B "■ointiiuiucatiiiir, ■r\-o]r. D: (_') an liisorptioii, ir laboratoiy, vessel, p >iani|ini; over inen-ury in a mahogany troui;h, G i,:;! :m explosion tub,., E. fitted with (irin;;- wires, and (■onnect-d with si'|i:irate mercury reservoir, H .Ml t ai-r of capillary boiv throii<;'hout , with suitable uk le counexions between A, E, and F Tlir diairran also shows I i>s tap- wherever necessa rv. low coiinexion is made between the measuriiii; tube the special saiiiplinj;- tube, K. whenever the latter is employed for le sample under exaniinat ion: in one ])lioto'j,Taph a ipette coniaininij,- sticks of phosphoi'us i- shown in tlie ])lace of the saiunliiij,' tube K; an unsuccessful atteiniit was made to replace iiyrogallol by The imroduction of tl small pii'i-phorus for the aosorption of oxvl'cii in tl the sjihorus to -bsorb ()xvi;e Us ai)])aratus, but the jiower of en rapidly dimiiusheil when mercurv was used. id of water, as the coiiliniii- li.piid, ■as sampk's were ,;;-eneraily iiilroduce(l into the ajsparatus from au ii-y hard ulass te.st-tiibe, under the wide, open eml of the abs(jrption F. whidi had b-'eti i>revio\ir! v liiil-U ui PiaTe I.X k;-.' tlu- .p.nM lark in whi.h ..s sa-npl.s uvn- XonM ovr M-.n.ury, in t.-st-tu!.,- stun.linK in ihu ,.on...hun ,TU,.il.l..s .1.- l,a~.. of ,1,.. sta.wi luul nu^cl sul.-. t, Dl-CVCtlt IdSS of IIICICUVV. . , ,. ' H.fon. (■o>MM....uin. ... analysis, the wl.ol.. of ttw a,.,.aratus. uu'huUu ,„,,.,„„.,..i,.ust,..nv....„ A E, ana F. wasn.n>,,1..1-ly iill..,! w,lh nuTrury, an. all suhsciucnt opcralions were .■on.lu.tr.lovcini.Tcury. , , , , •n,. various parts of tl..- a|.paratus aiv M.ounf.l on a woo,l .tan,| oh t..ak witl,f..uvv..rlintlsU...h.,asM,pp..rlin.th..sh..lfupoMwh>,.hlh..nM.rr,n trouM. GMVsls;,iu.san».roa-al~o<.ar,v,u-,,o,lu.rslH.iv..stor,va^..nl .0,1, •,■!>..;...,■..,„.• .vs,.>-voir, D.,.an h. .ai..! or l.wHva ,.0 ,1,.. ,vouna i..vl _ ,,.,,„i,,„l,, in i,s wooa..,. ..uri..,-. hy uu.ans of a puiloy w„l, -y ^'t; J"-' - ' ,.amul ronl. Tlw'wlH.lrapi.uatusMana- in a w Innrayl-l a 1 -I. ui n """ Th!' 'alirnt fcamivs ,,f the worki>,^ of iIm^ apparatus ar.^ as follow- - ,, -,-,„, ,inripl.. of „„.asur..na.n1 ..n,ploy.'a is thai ol i1m' niraMn.- ,f it,c -as (in nun. of mcrcuryl at i-on-lant vohui ■ ilun incut of till' prc-sun l,-„,,l,ispur,,o...llH..as isl,rou;:lu to a .■.■rtain ron.tant vohnu,. n>aru .„ ,1... nu.asuriu^ tuh... A. ,l.y suital.l. n.auipulat iou of ,1... nx^rury .vs... .;,■ D ana th.. tap C> a.ul its prcsMUV n..! o.T on th. prc^^un. tuh.. B 1 hnv :,:.■ , .,.,i,.s „f Mwh roHMant voluu,..u,arksonA,roH.c-,aM,.u.l,.v..luuh r,, 1, luu.an.a nuu. .uark on th. pn.-.nv t ul,- B. .0 ,l>at th.. actual P--- "' ' j' „,. i. „iv..n t.v suhtractiu. fron, .he prcssur,. rcaa.n^ the .unnl.o U. Inn. r,;--MI,.rctr..u;r,.ain.totlMM.arti..aarc.mstantvoluuM.nuU-kscl..,.t.MhoMl,.. ,,,,lv-is The tubes A ana B are nuule in one pu-r ana are surrouu.le,! 1,> u water jaeket. their inner ^nrfacs are kept n,oiM with very a.lute sulphur,.. ,,•,1 , , in -0. as a precaution against the acciaeutal fouhn, ol the n.eaH.: n,. ,„,.,. ,,i„. ,„,,,,,.; i, is ohvious that the wettin, of A ana B w.th the >:„>.,. li,,uiaelinanates ,he inlluenc ' water vapour upon the ,as n.easuren.en - h. various pn.ssuresrepre.en,in,tl.,se of, luMlry,a-unaercxannna..nKlhc,:,p ,!..i„, heupperenaof,laMUvssuretul.eisc.,n.,ec,eawuh,la.la terl.y nc:.n- of Mon, ruller pressure tuhin,. a aevice which „ves a perlecly t,.ht j.n, with sullicicu, elasticity to pr..ven, fracure u, ••as.. ''•" '-'V'-";^, '" ^ " inaavertentlv allowea to run up the tut.e with unusual vMocUx ; the ta,. u, ,,„..st ion al~o allow, the vacuun. to he easily n-unule ,n B whoever ne,v-.n The aavanta^es of thi~ tuoae of n.easnretnent over the nu.re us,.a metiw 1 n .l,,,,nninin. the vohnne unaer attnospheric procure an; twotoh: .a:_ n allow, of the useof sn.allervohuuesof ,as, for an a,uay>.s- tlu.s Iro , , u lOc (. of .as ..an he nuule to have a pn.ssure of about 10.) ■nn,., acconn. , the patti..ular vohuue u,ark sele,.,ea. a-.l this pressure can ^-f^'^;^^-'- within t). 2 nuu. without en.ployiuj^ a telescop.. (reaan.frs a.e be.t ,na.,. h.. meansofalijrht place.; behinathetubea little belowthe surlacof the nuuv.rv:, 0., the n.;asure,uents are inaepen.leut of the barotnetnc pressure ,n. at' the sau.e 1 in.e are u.u.fTectea by tension .,f a.,ue.,us vapour. (•.) The len-th of the pressure tube, B, (ab..ut TOO nun.) a.npl> i- vi.les for t.e proper dilution of the explosiv mixture u. an expl i"^'- ati alvsis, even in the case of a rich pas such as coal ^!;a^. "<^^fr « v^hifti I'l:iti' I. VIM. l-:i. 1111,1 \\li,,.|,.r i;a- iiiiMlyMric a|.p;iriitiis: t;,.,,,.,.;,! vi,-u I ',.|,,iitMiriit „i Minii|. unci Hiv Dri— iriL'. Me'lill rnivii-.' ^A .^iiJkk ](>:} (3). The arransir.i.K.nfs f„r the v:irii)us iihsorptioiis ar.. simple IiW.n.l of iHiriu; a miHih-r of I;,.-.- al.^orptioM w^.rls v.a-h coiituii.in" a partic- ular reaK.'iit. winch is uscj uiichar>-.Ml tnatiy tiiu .s owr ii, s,„.,.,.ssivc""aiialys,.s all the al)soiptio,is a,v ..an-ici o,n over in .irm-y !,. tl„- oi„- ab-orpiion vess,.]' F, mcarlicas..\vilhacoMipai-aliv..lysrnall voliiiu • of ih,. paitirular nM-nt' which IS always us,.,| rr,.,h ami is at dimv .liscanliM aflcr in<'. To facilitate the iiiinMhictioii of the vario- < iva-ei.ts, an,l the rinsi,,.. out of the al.soipn,.!. ve>s,.l with water or .liluie sulphiui,. aci,l /„ .,/„ l„.,w,.e„ each successive rea-ent, tlu- wiMe. open ..,el of the vessel is i,„luerse,l in th.- nu.rcury in the iroi.cih, O. whilst th.. top frniinates in a capillary th.ve- way tap, L. One of the parallel hrauches of this tap connnunicafes 'thiou-^h a stout rul,l,..r joint, with the in..asuiinK vessel. A. ati.l the other wiili •. 1„..,. exhauste,! hotile which serves to catch tlu- .liscanle,! rea-.-nl ami anv n.ercurv which also passes ;,ut. The l.ottle is re-..xhauMe,| f,„n. time t,', tin,,, hv means ol a water jet suction |>unip. From L' to lOc.e. of the j.articular r,.a,:,vnt to I,. uxmI ar.. iinro,luce,l into the al.sorptioi, vess,.| (previously (illed with mercurv) l,v means of a i-ipette with a curvcl jei. from below the surfac.. of the mercurv in th<. trou-li \nv Iml.l.l.. of air acci.lentally int ro,luc..,l with the ivafient can l.e .'ot rid of l,y '■auiiously openin- the l.ranch of the tap, L, leadim: to the al.ove-ment i,.ne,i c\haust..,l l»,ttle. The -as can now he l.rou-ht from the measurin- vess,.] ,„ till' -lahoratory- or ahsorption vess,.l F. ami shaken with a previ,mslv intro- .luccl reaireut. W hen the al.sorpti,.n is ,.omplete the -as is passed hack l,.th,. measuring vessel, the tap L is turm-l as soon as the rea-en; reaches if .„ that th-rea-enl passes oul into the exhausf,! holtle; the lal.oral,,rv vess,.! i.,|,„„ rmsed .mt with dihlh' acid ami the rinsin-s also withdrawn, llie lap L is ,1,,.,, cautiously turned to connect the laboratory vess,.] with the measurin- tub., and tlw cleaned mercury allowed to How from the laboratorv vs^el alon- the c.miK.ctin- tubes towards A umil it reaches the j.oint indicated bv the aiTow th.' taj) immediately behind this ],oinl is then closed, the -as brmedil to in oniiinal constant volume mark in the nieasurini; mbe. ami the new pressure read: the difference b,.tw.M.n the new an.l the old pressures is a measure of l he voliini.. of n-as absorbed by the particul.-ir iva-eut. A fresh reajrent can u,nv be miroduced into the Laboratory vessel an.l the i)rocess repeaK'.l. The oxy-eu ami electrolytic -as require,! ' ,r the explosion are also intro,luc,.d iiuo the apparatus throu-h the laboratory vessel. The rea-rents, etc., employed were as follows: (1) Caustic ])otash' 1 part by wei-lit ,lissolve,l in 2 pans of water. (2) I'yro.irallol: about 2 c c .)f a solutum, nuuh' by diss,)lvin,!,' 1 part by wei-ht of the .salt in I parts of wat,.r, were introduce.l into the laboratory vps.sel. and then four times as much of the above caustic potash solution also introdiwed ; the pyro.rallol keeps better acid so that it was only mixe,l with alkali when actuallv iv.,,uired- an cxces.s of potash is adde,l to prevent the pyrogallol evolvin- carbon mon- "Xi.le, but even so a gas should never ho left more than ten minutes ove- this n>:.-cnt. (3) Brotnine: a solution of bromine in 10 per cent potassium bromi.le •'V..~ employed; forgases coutaiuinf-onlysmall af::nv:n.. .ii.t .Uh ....Mi.. ,„„.. .,..,i,.,. ...a .I... ..1-^ r..J ...t snl,.ln.,i.. a-ia, a,.a tl... .:.« wa^ hn„..l„ ha.k ,„... .1.- la ... a ;., ; ;X.l ,.a t.-. .,..a vvitl. (....sli.. ,....a:::.::::'-^ S ai.s..,-il...a. T1.0 r..l.. as t., tl... M..a..ti,y ,.f ,.xy^... ..r a..-, t,. .-■ . ■ Zt\u^ .-xi-l'-'-n .vas that ..,..,.loy..a „. D.-. I^.h... s ha„„-a,...-y a, I ..-- u whi(.l. Pi-ol.ahlv :{()....... at ...ost ar..lmri.abl.>,iftl..-laU ri>u.i.m ..> I5 nn ..f ..XV,.... an. .v.,.i.va for it- ..o,..,,!..... .^....l...st.o.., so t .at , ....^ V of k.v.ll"as w,...ia 1... 1.-. ........ it. i^. tl..T..fo.v. ,.......s.ury, to vAr ^^t ' 2V-.5,. that is !(.. .„.,.. ..f oxy.....; or in ..tl...r wo,. ^ ,1,.. fno ; n. f .'as sh....l.l 1... ...aa,. t.. at l..a~t ■.'(.:. ....... w.tl. ^.y^-n. 1 In- .^ r : ; ii, ..vator ai...tio.. is .„. aava,.ta...: with l..;s a.h.t.o.. o.. .^ Tnlnn^'u a,.,l ..itri. a..ia a.v fon„..a a..a s....... -.xyP- a.^appoa,., ,..-.. too gr.'at a c.iiti-af.tio.i. Oxv,...t was >to.-...i in :. l...ttl.. ..v..r wat..r, tl... .as was .l..liv..re.l thn..... a ..hS^ .l.aiv..rv t,.b.. i...o lla. lal.,.n.t....y v..s..l. l;'"'^-^;;; 7%;- Jto .. 1..st-t.,l..:s ov.>r ...........ry i.. a va.k s,...l. as al.va.ly . ..scnb.,!. > 1^ u , l-..nt lubri...it.. "^;x^ti^ ote;;;:;-;;o,a,.tsofp...-.-r....b..r,u...vas^^ Tx th. heat was .aai-.taiue.l a.ul th,- ...ixt.n-e stirrcnl uut.l the v..bb.. .... completely .lissolve.l. The tollowi... exa...pi«. iil..--t.ali > ti.t .m i- made with th.- Bone and Whe.'ter appanit.is:— ^^^K .«»• .'^Mli Mk .■).">. Viiiirul .-(•(•liiiri nl Hiiy~' ta~ caliiriiiiclcr. • ^ . wm in,-. I \IU.I \l.\ II Analysis of Producer Gas With Bone and Wheeler Apparatus. Ifiilinl f ,.|iri|/ 1"'" 1 ■ ,l,-,n ... n I All. ■ lU|l^.l>« .lilnrp.l.' 'i_' Aft.T .I'l'lititf i^witi-n ,uU- ' Vflrr ifc.|.i;ntf •■l.Ttn.U ttr uv-i'tjl \fl.r l-Xpl.,,,,,,: Ill- \U,t |,,,t,,.li ,i,i,|. mil t ,»r ..,(1 .l;.,x: U- I ll.t,. IM Ml- i:i-r ■ I'll' I.. ln.iri.Kti I I M. III. .'I '■ II » llt'ln (M iPldl K \ Ml I. Ml I, \.| 111 , I I I I,- Till- ciilciriiiictcr u-i'ij fur ilciiTiiiiniiii; tlic .•ali.riiir val i.iM- .Icvisfij l.y i'n.f, ('. V. Hov- I'r.ii-. I'tiM), 77A, p l.'J: fnU.. ,I>.iir Si.c CMiin | .':i 1 1 Th 111- III |.' ii|i|ci.c i;:i- ;i!lil .ii-i'i'ilii.il |,\- (liin ill il,, |;,,\ >;,„. I'I'IM,, Mairh I'l iHOC. "■ 'I ■'! Ilii'MHiij III ■j,:i-> .ali.niMctl-y is ciiiiilnvril ; a |,.| nj' liiiriil III till' cal'irii liitr?'. allil the lir:,! nl ||ic iniiil urrciit of V aid- whirh How- t liriiiii:li i|,i it llMI-tlHll i- all-' ! Iicil li\- 1-1 niiiiciit, T ^- ili-lcriiniini li\ pu— iiiL; it lliKutiiii a i;a- micHt. i| ■\\f w.tU-r i- (Iftcrinini'il In- iiiraii- of i licnnmi,, i,.| . »■ rail' 1 1; iliiu I it |)oirit-i of ciitrv ainl cxi I. all'l till- lair of lliiu III tl !'■ M-i' III tl Mipiial iITi' III M-i'il ill till- w alc|- al H- walcr i- (li'tcniiiiK-il li\- nilliTnil^' II III ;i IIHa-linii;; vi--,.|. fimn thi 'as r'lin tic cai'-iliali Tlw MoV- :;a •i:liilioii iif ill,' -livaiii of I "■-<■ 'l:ii 1 I III' (•;ilorilic viiluc i.f ili' iloiiiiictiT \va- i|i-i;;li.',| ii, |ii'i,\i,|i' Mlli|iic ~|iari f,,i- th> ifoiiLtli till- III I !i|iij|.|it . ali'i o thai tlir\ |ia-- -liiujy ami fivrlv -iirfai'c- 'I'l ili'l arc thus cltcctixch- c\| !'■ I'l' cnlllclit iif the ill-lnilllcllf I i-ci| to the riiiiliiit; II' h:i~. on il ihc! liainl, I. "■'Iil'''''l 'II 'I' iialic-t i|ii:.iitit\ , -II thai ihc mitlli uhiiiiatc tciii|ic, lire \ci i|iiii'kl\ after the i;a- i- lii;lit..ii, ami uin- wairr a"illi li- the t ili\- I'inpcMtuiv 111 ihc ii'llouiii- Water i- -iiun fuHi u. i| li\ v.inatloli III th. II illliiuiii.j ualei The whole of the eii-i'i|l a eorie-i iitlll'.:' 'ntiiiiioii-jy the -aiiie r-m-". Iiciie^ ijeliarre.i i'> :i!i'l thu- uiic,|ual licalin, aii'l the aMemhiiit iir ■■_ ularit v ol li iiatlii'4 \\;, : Tak. nil Uli\ , •Tliai a; the oiitllow ai-c avoiileii. The -iiiall e,,ii1eii, m wat.-r lici .,iue- .,.| t'l al.strart tlip whole of the heat fi-.lii the slowly iravellinL' -• r- an. of le Ic. ler-tiirc I'leoiiaic ily liy ica-oii of il- lliAi thiiiiijli a pipe of -iii;,'l ij '■etiiiir ]>owcr of which is iaiiii :i r, the he:U- :riath- III il tiv attaciieij he ioiiiiwin;; ilcscnptioii of t aft he Ml ic appai'alu- is taken fr,,iii the Ndlifii-atioii eiropiihtau (la- licfcrecs i |.,,.,ihin, laiL'.) 'or !'.MIH 'rh(> calo! inelcr is -hiiwii in \i lie 'c seliar.Mle ii-ifls ■ ,li 'I'll,. K.|-i. al -e.-tiiiii in Fiu It coii-i-ts of :iiers, B. ;for !' hu'cr jia- Ihcsc huniers w.-iv ivplai' -1 l,y a -iiiulc. | !aiii-t iilie liuriier) :iii'i a i-eiriilatin;.' tap. The upper suifaee of tiic !,.-,-i i- , ,,vciv,' v.ith a hrii:h im m.'t;il ))l;itc i.n which arc thivc (riit.Tiii- ami liftiiijr blocks C Th:' l.lock- arc so iilacc.l as 1o .•aiiv V>) the vessel, D. which is pniviileW with a central chiin.ievol' copper E.aii.la.Kmlhi.F. for c.iMlense,! water. l!e>tiu- upon the rim of the v.'s.el. D. are Cil the essential part- of the calorimeter attache.l to the lid. G. MeKiimiii:: at thr' ci'iitre wiie-e the outflow is siluate.l. theiv is a hras-^ l)o\ which acts as a temperature eipializimi- chamber for the outlet water. TwoilisluMl l)lates .,f thin brass. K. K. are hehl in position by thre, scrolls of thin brass. L.L.L. The lower or pendant portion of the box is kep: cool bv water circulatim;- throu-h a tube which is sweat. 'd on to the ,.utsi,l, of the' bell. Connected to this tube at it- low.'st point by a union are .-i turns of copper pipe such as is used in a motor car radiator of th<' kni.l known a-^ Clarksons. In this a helix of co|)|)cr wire threaded with copper wire i- w.mnd round the tube and the whol.- is sweated lo..,.ther by immersion m : biith of melted sold<-r. .\ .■second coil of |)ipe of similar construction. ,-.urrouiM in- the first, is fa~t..ned to it at the lower end I ,. u.iion. This terminal. ■ al^he upper end in a block to which the inl.^t water box and thermomei : holder are secuiv.l bv a union as shown at O. .\n outlet water b,.x. P. an^ thennometer nohh-r are similarly secuivd above tl quali/mi: chambn The low<-t turns of the two coils. M,N. ale immersed in the water which im the iirst instance is put into the vessel D, but which is suppU>mente,l 1. water condense.l from the burnt -ases: the exces. of wat.^r escai)es from ilu overllow i)ii>e F . Between the outer and inner coils N.M. is l)laced a brattice. Q ina.lc ni thin slu.et brass containinj; cork dust to act as a heat insulator. The bratii- is carrie.l bv an intern.il llaii.ne which rests u|)on the lower e,l-e of the <'a-tin:. H. .\ cylimlrical wall of thin siie.'t brass, a v.u'v little smaller than the ve-rl D. is secured to the lid. so that when the instrument is lifted out of thi- ve- 1 the coils are jH-otecled from injury. The narrow air space between thi- :ii, i the vessel D. al.ove the level of the instrument. X\w water How thus re-iulated, was >ul)se(|uently never chaiii;c(l: the <:as was adjusted when necessary, hy the pressure reuulator, so that when the liurner wa ri>e of from .V toS=('. was produced in the temjiera' ure oft le change-over funnel was placed (in a lit a le water durinj: its pas-auc throuj;h the calorimeter. T rack over the measurinj: cylindei'. and it was arrami.'d that the .'unlet water from the cal(,rimeter ran into the fiumel and from t waste pipe, hut, that liy niovim; the funnel it ran into tl Till- 1, rner of the calorimeter was lit at the heir and kept hlirning t hrouuhout the uial. a deterim'l the temperature hecame >1eady. and repeateil at regular interv.als trial ■ no determiiiatioi lence, normally, into a le measuriiifr vessel, inninu; of a |)roducer tri.-d as soon as during the latiou Was maile 1 was con-ideri'd >aiisfactorv ill whii'h tl iari^e \ariation m the mlel lU' outlet teinperatui'es. '[" OU-: at a moment when the inelerhand p.-is-ed the zero mark the ch foil over lunnel w.as moved to di~.'jiar,i.;e into the eni]ily mi',-isurimr vessel. of the outlet t lere was any le method was as uiLi'e I'eadintis emperature of the water weiv then (aken once durinii,- each •N'olulionol the meter until from ItiOOto I'.loll I'.c. of walerhadhi'eii collected. the chan-e-over funnel was then moved hack when the meter hand avMin !>:i-ai-.>met ric piv at the ineler. in ile-ives rahreiihiil. apour pres.-ure of uater al l . I' the I m iiiche< of merciirv. laioinetric jiressuiv. in iiiche,- of mei'ciirv. I'-p I'lit -f do I.V.) " t i- the Volume of the j;as liuriied. corrected ihic f eel of ua~ measured iiioi>i at IKI I', and :i(l" of nier \apour of watei- at (iO-|''. i< (|..*)' of I'ury pi-i'ssure lliel'ciirvl. \\' X (T,,-T,) X -.i-'M'iS 1- p 1.)!) -r lit) f.V.l 4- t W X (T, -T,) .- (I \ X (!• '.I -i t) -■' (I ui\''^ the calorific value of the ua> in llriti>li Thermal I' ua measured moist at (i()°l". and uiidi I- p;'r cubic foot of imler a pres-ui-i' of :',()" of mercurv. 16S (•<..)C,S i< ttu- fact..!- 1(. coiivit kilo-rams .•aloncs i.if. British Th.Tiniil Units). Thv .ihow is the -n.ss calorilic value: it was nut tliou-l.t woitli wl.ile K. oil. ct the water fron. the burnt -as in order 1.. .letern.ine the net .■;.l„ril.r '" "'rhe meter used was r' 'ihrated onee a week l.y pas.in- ihruu-h it the air fn.maearhnvof km.wneai.aeity. aM.Hh. volumes n.-i to tar wlueli had rolleet.Ml in the meter. (■Ai.oKd-ie VM.i t; cM.cn.xri;!. iik.m a\ \i.v-is ok fivs Mv means oft he followim: tables I he fifoss and net ealoriUe values of all ,,,,„lueer-assanq.les analysed wre ..aleulated fron. the analy>.s, and ex „vs^--'^ absolut... „,, ,„!,, „,■ „ ,l.-v ua- o.-ru|,ies ■."•J-IJS litres at O'C. and ,00 tmn. 1 Liram-mo ])re>-uri'. if water at 00 115 mm, ol nu'ri'ury. \'a|Miur |ire--in'e ;{()■' 70-_' mm. 1 i-ul.ic foot =- -'^-ol li'le>. . Th..r,.fon-. tl... factor requinM t,. .■ouv,.rt .-aloru-s jku- ,-ram-n,o!..,ml.. m< li.T.r. l.,'r cubie foot of moiM i;a> at 00 1". and W pressure is: - - .. - li>N:i ._>•_>. ;5S - 2n>>-"> • ~''0 (';il(irilir vjluc in I'ul-. |»T jinuii-tniii-i-uli' :(,|.l . 1 lis;; 1.V.17 i-'i-.." :u '.!•:! (';irliilll lliolllixiitl' i«'< "I 'i"^ - .>s:il • :mi('i> (Ins. li.'IM'. IMTrllOiclt. ;il 110 I . :lTl'l:tU" llvilrDjicri \\\^- mi 7 . (I'.IO .■,^ I 1 m:, lilt. :il'.>- 1 !:oi~- :'ii'l 1" !l!l'.l-7 yn.s-. s'lTli lll't. :{■_■:! 11 cm-. ■_>7'JU lilt. .\ll:ilv-i- uf I ;:,<. The f,.llowin- .•Nampli- will make thi' u-e of tli ■ i.d.I,- .-li^ar. (MlDrilic v:ll ir ll'llll t:il.l.'<. (in,-. Net- 'S = sit 2S.4 ixi rii.:. '■ ■■ :*'i *'■" •'-■•' 11.'.. ... N . Tntal- to.| 33 r. 2S-3 lOD-U lIKi IVT.f. ',17 I'.T.l -. ■^ 1 I — ^ .2^ IGf) TAUI.i: .\I.\ III Ethylene. (iross or Ilielicr Calorifir Val.i.. in It.T.r. prr rn\,. ft.. ,„oist. -m WV. ;„„1 :(()- I'lllllltilirc I of Ktlivli-nc 1 2 3 4 1 2 03 4 0<» 1(1 .■?.2 4s (;.4 Ki (» 17(1 in. J JOS 22 \ •'il .« :> :i.-, 1 :!(■,. 7 :js.:{ 47 it 4 7 .-,i.:i •i:!!t (m-."i (17.1 (is. 7 7(1 ■;{ 6 6 7 8 09 "-■<» (i II. L> IL'.S l|.j -MO j.-).(i •.'7-:.> 2.S.S :{()., -I :!!•!• 41 .-. |:m 14. 7 .lti.;{ ."),)•!» .")7-.") ."i',» 1 110.7 ((2:j 71 !l 7;}j 7.">l 7(i-7 7s;j Net or Lower (^ilorilic \;,li,.. ir> H.T.C. ,„.r .•iil.. ft , nioi-t, :ii m=\\ a,,,! ;!()-. I'crcriit.'iiii'of lOthvlciK. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 11(1 lo ;!•(> 4 5 (■).() l")(l 1(1-4 17 it 1!IJ L>(l!t 2!tit .{14 :V_>.it .(14 ;{,-) it 44 it 4(1-4 47-.S 4it-:j -,(t-s r)it-.s (;i-:{ (ij.s (11. .{ (;.-,. s 5 08 07 08 09 7-.-. 0(1 l(t-,-, 120 13-1 L>2-4 2:i-it 2.-) -J 2(1 -it ■i'TT ;{7-4 ;is-i) 4(t 4 41 it 43-4 ■>2-H .").•} -S .")-;{ .-,(i-,s o,s-3 (17-3 (1S-,S 7(t-3 71 -S 73-3 T.\HI,1-: MAX Carbon Monoxide. Gto^s and Xit Calorific Value in U.T.l'. per cub. ft., moist, at tlO^l-'. ami ; id" rcrcontagc of Carbon Monoxide 10 11 12 13 14 00 1 02 Ki-tt 1(1-3 l(i-(l lit •-• lit-,-) lil-.s 2 22 4 ;3-() 2.") it 2.S , 2!l 1 Jil - 1 31 -it 32-3 32(1 35-1 3.-1 3,S 3 3.-.-S 30 (t 41-.") 41 -S 42 2 44 7 4.'. () 4.") 4 3 4 6 6 17-3 17-(1 1 (•>•<» 17.!t - 2i;-i 2,; 4 2(t-.S 21 1 — 23-3 23 (1 L' 1 (t 24 3 2(1-.-) 2(1 - S 27 1 27-5 — - — _ _ : 2!t 7 .30(1 .30-3 30-7 .32-9 33-2 33-5 33-9 3()1 3(1 4 3(1-7 37 1 3!t-3 3il-() 39-9 40-3 42 .•) 42 -.S 43 - 1 43 1 7 8 9 IS. IS- IS. s 21 4 21 7 24 (i 21-9 25-2 27-.S 2S.| 2S-4 31-0 31 3 31.(1 34 34- .34 -S 37-4 37. 7 3S.0 40-6 40-9 41-2 43 S 44-1 44- 4(1-0 4(1 3 4()-(l 47 I 47-3 47(1 170 TAHI.K XLIX iCxiiliinii.l.) Gross und Xel (.';.lorine Value in li.T.C. |"r cub. ft., moist, at r.O°F. iin.l :«)". I'ercontaui' i>l C'arl>on Miinoxiili' IB 16 17 ~ 18 19 30 1 2 3 4 I 5 G 7 8 9 17 I .-,1 I .-.1 I -.17 .'.Jl I .-)»•:{ .-.(li ">i'.> ".li I .".7 ■ .■> .'>7 ■ s .'is 1 ">s 5 I (i().7 (ii (I til :i t'l •<> I (W't CM' 111 > I 117 1 "17 1 (.7 7 lis (I I 7ii:i 7IM1 7n'.i 71 :< |7;{-5 7:{S 711 71- 1 I 711" 77 11 77 ii 77 11 I 7(1 •!• Ml-' Ml") MIS SH(1 s:\i S'Al .S40 ,si;.'.> .Ml 11 Ml'.l s7.'_' IMU.i; I,. Methane. (inw. or lliirluT Calorili.- Vah... in B.T.f. lur rul.. It.. Mmi J 7 .■i:mi .-,:! :{ ,-.:! ■ 7 .-.III - .*»."> -11 ."..■)•'.» .-)iij ."ill ■ .") .•>r.-!i ... 'J .■)S . s .V.ll .-.!! 1 ."■, 7 DIM III) 1 ll'J'll H2 ■ :i 112 r, HJi.l ii:{:i r.:i-'. ll.-)-.' 11.") .") 11.") s lill' 1 (ill- 1 r.ti-v Ilsl lis . 7 H!MI ii'i:! li'i-ii liii '• — 1 n 7'' ■■' -.) - 72 ■ s 7:1 ■ 1 71 11 t 1 ■ .' » — ■ •) _ ._ — 74 7 7.">1 7.") ■ 4 7") -7 711-0 711 :; 77 11 7s :{ 7S(i 7S.!l 7<»-2 711 .'. _--- - - - ■-- ■- — SI 1 si-.") MS S'2-1 S2-4 S2 7 S4() ,S.")() s.").;< .s.-,ll .s4-:i S.". ' ' — s7-.") s7s ss . ■_> ,ss ■ .') NS-S S'.l 1 I'cM'i'iilaci' oi Methane 1 2 3 4 6 00 01 02 03 04 0.(1 1 I) 2(1 :mi III 1(1-0 no 12 i:mi II" 2011 21-11 22-0 2:!-ll 2t :«)-() lii-ti :v2-ii :«o :5^" 40.0 41-0 42-0 4:?0 44-0 500 .".1-0 ""^O •"';'■'• •''^■'> 00-0 111 II 112(1 r>:!0 li4-o 700 71-0 72-0 7;i-0 74-0 5 6 7 8 9 .■..(I lill 7-0 so l,-,.(i Kill 17-0 is-o \'> X 2.'.-0 2(1-0 27-0 2S.0 J' " :!.-.-() :i(i-o :f7-o :is o ■ '< 4.-)-0 Hi-o 47-0 4s.O V> >i .-).",. .".(1-0 .")7-0 .'.s (I ■ ■ '1 (i.")-o ()()-o 117-0 US (» '■•' '■ 7.">-0 7li-0 77-0 7s-0 <' rcn-rril Mrll,:.ri. 1 3 3 4 6 6 7 171 •lAlil.i: I. .r,,„i,,ni,,i . ir I.DWcr (^ilurifir N'liliH' in HI IV |mt ciil.. ft . nioi-t, :il llll 1' :im :.'7s L's-7 iMir, :{(i.,-, :t.") !i M s ;i7 7 .-{s (i :!C)..-, 4l!t (.■> s III. 7 17 r, Is .-, .">:!!» .")i s .")."). 7 ,-i)i.i; .'17 ,"i 6 7 8 9 I ."' .''I ii.:i 7 _• s I l.f .") II I !.■. :i iii.j 17 I JJ I j:: :i Jl J J.-, I jiid :;i I :!J.;{ :i:i j :ii i :!.-, ii I'l I l|.:i IJ -' l:; I l|.(i I'.' I ''K '■■ r,\ J .-,j.| .-,:i.ii ■'in I r.'.i.i. nil 1 1)1 .() til 'I I17-:! lis L' I till I 7(1 II 70 II (Irii- I'l'rcinl.'i!;!' lly.lniL'ui 1 (ij.N ti.; 7 (ii Ii I ;.").■> 1,11 I r\ni.i: 1,1 Hydrogen. i.r IliL'li<'i<':iloiilir \;iliic iij MT C. |„.|- -.ih It,, inol-t. :it (idj-. .i,i,| :i( 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 13 17 18 19 20 00 1 02 3 04 on o.:{ II r> iii |.:[ :m.' :mi :i ".I i.j i.-, ti.^ I <>.N 7- 1 , 7-4 7" !l.7 10 II 10. :i 107 11.(1 IJ !i l.i J i:! Ii 1,{ (I iij Hi J Hi.". Hi s 17 I 17 I l!l I 10 7 Jll O JO. I Jl) 7 JJii Jj.'i j:! :i j:;.ti j:!.i( J.">.s J'lj Jll.-, jii-s J7.1 Jti 1 J'.l I J!i.7 :!0 o :!ii. I • iJ :; :!J Ii XMi :j;{.;{ xmi :<.").."! :;.".. I.I :!ii j :iii..-, m\.s •■is^ .'i'.l.l i!l.l :!il.7 llll IJ O U :! IJIi l.i.O 1.!-.! I.">.J l.-| .", I.-,. it Hi. J 111..-, 1^ ■"> 1^ ^ I'.i I I'.l I l',i.7 ■"■17 .">J r,-2:; .vj.7 .">;{■ .">|.ll .V) J .Viti .■).') .(I .Vi J .",s. I .'is ,"> ."iS. V .-i|. 1 ,-,(). I 1)1 I 111 . 7 IIJ II Iij :; (IJ.7 lUl) ii|.<.l 11. li.iii n.'> 't 6 3 7 8 09 1 Ii I !• J.:i Ji; j."i I !l .') J .-,..-, .-,..s (J. I s-l S» S.7 !».0 II. I II :i II 11 11. !i IJ .{ IJIi ll"> II n I.-.. J 1.-..-, l.-.s 17. s isl IN.I Is. 7 I,,. I Jill Jl.;! Jl.fJ JJi) -jj.;! Jl J Jl <1 J Ml J,-). J 2.">..'i J7 ."> J7.S Js.| Js.| jss :io 7 :no UMi .11.7 UJ ■i:i !i .'ilj .{111 :!i (I :{.-,. J :!7 . J :!7 .■, :i7 • s :is . 1 .js I 10 I III 7 11. II :! 117 l:i r, t:i.!i l|.:i 1 1 ii 41. :{.;i .■);!(; .■>;{ ii .",i.:; .-,|.ii .Mi.", r)ti'.\ 'u -2 .■,7 .■> .■)7.s ."•ii.s mil 111). I 110.7 ii|.| lioii ii:{.:> iiiMi iiMi ii|.:{ mi. J rill-.'} (111.(1 117. J 117.-, 17J ■i\iu,i; I.I ■(■„„(,„„../., Nrt ,.r I/nv.T CI irilir V:.lih' ui HT.r. per nil.. It.. m..,-l. lit 111) V. !ilM ;tll". riTC('lit;li:r "< llyilropii 1 2 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 la IS 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 o :t 1 S ■_■ N I III '.I 11 J i:mi i:i "i U 1 IliU Hi II Hi '.I (1 .- (IS :t.:i :i:> li II <■;{ s-T !• II 11 I 11 T 111 17 1 HM) I'.i :'. l!i r. I '.I '.I -.'In ■.".'(1 ■-'■-':! -'-'ri ■Jl .'i Jl s J 'ill -■'>:! •J 7 J ■J7-.'> ^7-7 ->il> I'd <.i :{ii •-' ;!"■■) :iii 7 lij i; :v.' !i .i:! •_' ;!:'■••'> ;!.-, I :::. li :■..■> ii :(ii -' •is I :{sl Hsli .'{s.fl ION Ul li:{ 411) in-.'i i:{ s u 1 i» :< 4ti-2 i 4■-• II ■>'.'•■-' "il''> .-,1.1 I .-,1-7 -il !l •">•-• 11 AS 11 ."> •):< ij II I 17 17 1 ■Jll 1 !.'•_•■ '.I •_'.■) II 2S ■ :{ mil :{:t • 7 m; .". :!!• J 41 «.• (Ml 47 :i .Vll It 4 1 US !»•.". r.' 1' 1.-. II 17 7 JO I ■-•M 1 •j:>s ■-'Sti ;fin :u II ;iii-7 :i!i 1 iJ •_• 44 It 47 ti .VI :i .•i:m) .').■) ■ s 1 I 7 1 It.S I •.'.•> I .■> ■-' is II ■-'II -7 •j:t I I'll . 1 JS.S :{| 11 :vt ;< :i7ii :«• ■ 7 4J 4 4.').-.' I7!l .'>(lll .■>:t :t .")I10 Ml I (1 7.;t 111 1 I J ^ I.-. .■) 1 s J ■jii-ii .M 7 Jll • t ■.".1 I :u s ■A\ :, :i7-:! 40(1 4J 7 4.-> I IS 1 .■)0-:mi .-,11 :i I II 7-11 III :i i:i 1 1 .-, s IS.-. ■-'1 -' ■_':(• '.I -Ml -7 ■-".I 1 :f.' I ■.v\ s :(7 .■> lo:i 4:mi 4.-> 7 4S.4 .■.1 I .-i:i '.I .-ill- II III li l:t :; III II Is V -M ■. .' I J Jii 'I ■J'.l li :ij I I!.". 1 ii7 s III ., i:! J Ul II |s ; .-.I I .->! i .*tii s 17:» MHrri.l. VNKOI s lif I IHMIN \ iroNH Siirrific Cniiihi iifCiuil -[yi,\ri{\ piece-, of c.mI ,,f almut ;{ -mill- wei-lit eacli, were taken. -iisiH^inled l.y line tliiva.l aiel wciyhe.l in air: tliev were then Ixiile.l in di-lilli'ij uatei for finin mie-liall ti) iliive- (lUllllers of an liniu, in nriler to remove llie air ricnn lli,. |miiv-. aii>l then were I'liiiled under re.llleed prev-ure, wliieli lellinved ativ air -till left in till' cdal, and the rual «a- tiiially wei-hed -nspeiided in the water. The (ir.-t weiuht of the c.ial ilivided l)y the dilfereiii'e l.etweeli the lir-t ami the last WeilIht^ uive- the -pecilii' -ravity of the piere of coal taken, '{'hi- deterininatioii wa- not included in the rei;ular li-i- iria'le. a^ tiie heavy -olutioii teMs. dcM'iilM'd in \ol I. I'art \. -ave -iinilar hut full.r and more valuaMe infnrniatiuii. Snhihlr Molhr in Cunl. \ -ample of coal wa- tleateil willi watei' with a view, chiefly, 'o determine whether any of the nitl'o-vn compounds of the coal were -oluMe in water. The c(,.il chosen for tl \perinient. .\o. liOlO, contained I -7 per cent nit roi;en. .">• J jmt cent -nlpliur. and |(i-'.» per cent asji. .\ tall cylinder was taken, and the sli,,,-ter liniK of a .-iphon tiihe introduce,! into 11 a/ , connected at the em! to an invened funiii'l re-*_.nv' i><\ the liottoni of the cylinder. One kiloi:rani of the coal, crushed to |">i/e.w.as put into the cylinderwhich wasthi'ii lilleil with distilleil w.iter: the water was -iphoned off at the rate of ai)oiit half a litre a day: coal was prevented from enterini; the .-iphon tuhe li\ the inveiled funnel, fioli water wa- addeil from time to timi' to reiilaci' that removed. The dissolved mailer was found to consist almost enti'-ely of iron .-alls, pre-um.alily forineil l.y the -low oxidation of the iron pyriti's in the co.d. as the.-e salt- came ,Acr in larger (piantities when the sii '.on was re-staite,l after the cylinder had Keen allowcfl to run -olution, the extraction was -lo|iped. the solution was eva|)i>rate(l to ilryness. ai:d I:M !:rains of .solid matter were thus otitained. This was foiiml to ca-iii over a water hath: the residue left, ilried at lOo'^C, ucn:iicd(l-((!(sl cram-: after it had heen i,:;nited in a mutlle it wei-hed 0-0701 L-aliiS. Those two uei-ht- corre-pon.l to !l-s| and 7-01 pails ]ier hundred tl.ousalld respectively. ////(/r(«/c/( Sidiihiiii and Sidplinr Dlnxiilc in I'rodurn- r/u.'!.— These were first 'i.termiiied hy the method descrihed hy J. V. Thoinlinson in the "("hemical \ -ws" for I'eh. •_>!. li)0,s. The f:as vas aspirutcil very slowly tlirou,i,'h a -ii.mII h,,tt!e .-or.taiiiinir 25 :-.:: of ;i water solution of iodine id t.f ^odium •iihonate, .,',, normal both as rcfiards the iodine ami the soiTum cur- hoiiate 1 prepared hy adding .")() c.c. of a decinormal solution oi iodine in Ml p,,f,-iil.>i ,...li,l.- ...lulln,,. f. :i.i .-MU;.! volun,.' nf ,l,.,lhnn..:,l ^."liuin .■arl.ul,:,!- .oliiiion. lu.l .lilu.inu tl.,. inisimv to J.-.K r , . Th. ■■.- vn:.< Mn,.,„..l m^ -u-t, .,ml..Mo.liii.'VM,-l.'c'..ln„rl/r.i;ll,.-..lun | .,:,-. Irau n il,runulnv;,^ aH,.ri„ii..i l,v „„.a-urit," il.r ua. r rm, out ,.f ~ l„VoU..,| Mtv -1...U,: li\ tlic |..l|iiwin:; i'(|!i:ilinh-: \;,C(., . Jl IIS JNmI <(i II n ' S \,,,(n -M • SO, ■ ll,<» -'Nul t". ^ " "^"i \. ,,.. ^ul|.lnir aioxi.l.. was I i,l m, lli- tn-t !.■« .aii,|>l.-. uliicli «c'iv t-M ■■ |,v II, i, in..tl,n,l. a MMipl.T iMr.lm.l wa- -ul.-l mU-M latrr .u .IrlrnM.nr ll. l,v,|r II -ulpl.i.lr niilv; in llii^ inrllm,! tuu liliv< -f lli.' ua- w.'iv a-|.iiat.. ,l,n,u.'li a sujulioii of .-au-tir mmLi. tli- -Mluli..n ua- ju-t anilitinl will. Iivlh ,,,|,,,i,. aci.l aiui thr liV.lio.,,.,i Mill.iiMr piv-r,n at , .„.•■■ lilrat.Ml will. t.t1l.-l, „„nnal icHiin.' -,iuti.,n,witti tlira.Mition uf a liiilr -:inl, -nluliun a- in.li.Mtn. Tlii-.lr1.Ti.,iiialiuii wa-nnlv nia.l.' lor a Irw |.in,|nr..r t iiuU. Iw..tnal- wviv s,.|..t..a in wlii.l, III.' rual hrinu t.-l-'l .„i,lailir,l a l.i^l. |..'iv..|>ta.^r i siiliili.ir aii.l a iliinl will, .ual .■..ntainin- a i...'.liiim |HnrMta-r. I li- ivMih „l,„i,„.a a-v a~ Inllnw-; f:a> frun, -al Nn lo ^V I urv iviil Milpliuv) ~ laii.nl us tho n.raii nl' tlif Irtnininat iou~, ((..'J ]-s imt mit siiliitnirt .MUlam.Ml. inraii .-t »• i. ,lrt,Tinination-.(|.l() prr r..nt of li,v,lni-.n ~.il|.i.iar: aii.l -as f.oiii cual^ \ ■ ;{ii ..'. I pel ivnt -iilpl.iir) .(.iitain.-.l. i.i.aii "i liw ilvinimi.atK.iis. o.-.'.' p ' (•(•lit liy voliiiiicdf liy.li'ov't'" -n'l'l'''''" -•''*■ KM'KKIMr.NTS ().\ llli: I rsllM!.HY (»l .\siii;s. Sc.lur ..sp,.iiMi..|.t- u.MV M.a.lr ti. lili.l (lilt wli-tli.T it Was p,>"ihl.' K. lo- I, .11 the 1 roul.l- a coal well. I ,i;iv.- ill a lioilrf or pro.lucrr, on aia-ount ,,l loii,,.,- tini, of clinker, l.v a acl.Tiniiiatioii in the lal.oraloi-y ..f the lu-il.ilily of it- :,-l, Tlie ilctcrniinalion of tlir fu-il-ility of the a-li wa- foun.l to involve c,,n- -i.ieral.le .lillicuhie-, la.-elv .u-ca-ioncl l.v the taci that a-h ha- no .lehm',. melt in- point. I.ut appeal^ to -et -raduallv -ofter a- the telnlMTaluiv e,-. - In the inetho,! til-l en.plov, ,1. cones of ash were Muele. a.nl the-e Were he;,..,l ,„ a ..piicihle ilisi.le a furnace. alM the tempera' :ire iiote.l at wl.K'li the rou,. toppl,.,l ov.-r or -ave other vi-iMe -iun- of fu-ioii; the lempelat uie w:,- •.- cr.le.l l.v mean- of a |.yromet.r con-i-tin- of a plalinu.n. plalmilin-li^ n. ,|„.,-mo.M',uple. the hot j. met ion l-eiii- i.la.v.l ainio-t in c.ntact wiili the .■ — The a^h was pr.'parea l.v l.urnilei the linely powaere.l coal m a iiei'llc furnace a.i.l wa-, li.eivfoiv, il-elf pulverulent. All attempt- h. make •1,.. con.- Ill a conical -louhl faile.l. so they haa to be inaae l.y liana, a '-1- , ola-M- .riulea will, water !.e;::^ u-t-a a- a Liuainj: materia! The en,- ^^, -, ti,M aric^a in an oven, and then uiv.'i. a preliniinaiy -entle roastm- ' ;i furnace before W in- usea. Kad, cone was placea on s,,,,,,. neutral 'v- MH frurtory iriiitrrinl (-iiili a- rliioriic iimi m-ci in tlir liotiDni -if tln' iruiiMi.. ;iiii| the cniiillr \va« lic.iiiil ill .1 >,':i- fifcil luiii.iic ill wlii'li ilu' llaru.- .'iri'lcl ar..iUMl it, U lic'ii llif rriM ilili Im'i .line wliitf lint, it |.r"Vi'i| \i'r\' ililluiilt t,, ,1.., ~.i\,. till. I'oiK .cM'ti with Mill' iria--*'-, iiiili>- it vMi-iitli.r hnttrr .n ■nMcriiiMii tlici'turililf.wli.ilit \\a~ -iiliipiirttfil a< a liu'lii "Pa dark ol.jnt a-iaiiist. lIu'lattiT aiul >Miil.| III' i'a-il> watrlii'ij. Iiiit, in >i|i'li im«i"^, the |i\r.iiii.'tir iVM'iiliu^ rmilii lint 'lii'ii 1)1' ri'lii'ij ii|>.>ii III i;ivi' till' tiiic tiiii|i< latiiiv • if till' I'oiic, Till' lark uf iiiiif(.riiiitv iii till' liainliiiaili' .i.ii.'. ,•:, i»i.,| inw^il nit v ill till- (ili-iTvi'ij ii'iii|iii-aMiri--. iif fii-iiin; ;i tliirkir ><{■ .li'iisi'i- .Mill' iv,|iiiri-,| ;, liiv'iK'i' t.'iii|ii'i-:itiiii' than a thinni-r nr li^ihtiT imc l>ihnv Ki'iiiiiiu uvcr, ui I'lillapsin.' It \va- aU'. -hown that whriv - mii' a^li iiiiL'lil -aftni at a imv ti'iiipiTatiiiv ami hanil\ -linw an\ lurtlu r i Iimh;:.' with a fon-iilcralilc ri-i' in tilii[M'ratiiri'. alinthir a-li nii'.;lit lint JM'uiti ti) -ufli'ii until a lii^'h tctll|MTat 'ii.- aii't thill nii^'ht z'> i|iiiti' iii|iiiy ihi< liii'tliiMl, hut al-^' ilii' infiiiinatiiin uhtaiiirij 1>\- it wa- ti.u in<-iini|ili'ti' tu Im' i.f niinh \aliii'. In the MToiiil iii.'thnd ~i\. il i-yiiiiiliT- iif a~h w. iv iiiai|<- in a lirii|iii'ttiim in-css fiDiii carli >alli|ili'. ami tlior wiTr ~i'|ialati'ly liratcil ii|> tu a ilrliiiiti' ti'ni|)cratiiri',uiii' iM'in-^ liialcil to I'JIH) ('.. atiiithir to |;{(Mt(',.a tliir.l tu 110(1 I'., anil il fmiftli to |.")(M»''('.: the li'ni|ii latiin- wiri' ili'tirniini'il liv iniiin- i.t a Mnrsi' (>|)tiral livroinctff, and till I'lfi'it •.nthia-li lyliiidii- was noted aftir liny iiad Im'cii withdrawn fruiii tiir nviii. A -iniiili- (..iiii of prc^s wa- iisi'il ti) make tlic rylilideis. wliiili weiv i" in dianieter. aiioiit i" Imi-, ami witii a -liuiitly pointed top. A |>owi'rfiil iMi'i-lianii'V vire wa- ii-id to appiv pii'--iiie; till' asli wa-i jii-t iiioi-ti'iiid wiiii inola'^M's and Uaier to caiiM' it to l.ind. Tlie rvlinders were nioniitid mi >iiiali infii^ilile ha.-e plate~ made of liiioine iron ■ ire. iiiouldeil damp after the additionof aiimit 1(1 |ier rent ol fn-eiiax ; tliree .irfoiir eylinders from dilTeretit >aliipie< were mounted on e.irii plate. 'I'lle-e r\iimler.'< were heated on tlieir plate on tiie liottoniof a lia-iieated furnace (de- M-ned liy Dr. .\. Stali-lieldl. in wliicii the air i>la.-t i< pivlieao-.i. and in which ■I \ery lii;;ii and uniforni teiiipeiat ure can i>e oinaiiird ; llie\ ueiv coxered hv an invoiled '^rajihite ci'uciMe uitli at. opeiiir.'.' cut in the side through which the leniperatuie could he oli-ei\ed with the optical pyroimter. In this method it «a- not nec-Niry to u.iti'h the hehavioui- of ihe c\ linder- in the funiaco. and the tcni|>erature of either a cylinder or ihe cnicihle could lie ■Icterniined li\- the opt leal pynunelei-, in c.-i- ■ I lie\ .iilTeivd. Tlii- method wa- Hot developed until after all the hoiler and pi.,ducer triaU had Keen ciimplet"d, and it wa> iioi ihoie^dit worth while to c: iry OUT many 1-1-; Inn -e\en set- of cylinders were heated aft' '■ the iiicthod had heeii fully developed. The resuhs ap,' ^hown in l'late> i,.\l ■iiid I.XII. .V was heated to I'JIM)^ ('., M and i; to i: KM) ('.. (' an i»P v., J to l.".()()" C, and 1) to l."..i()^ (". T le tests >hi)Wed that in tl tiiice cases tried, the ash from a washed coal from 1 1 II > rori'i "l-'ouiliin;' unwashed coal I'h.e re--!i!t - fllsihle than tin !■:■ i!ite;-estin^.hi;t i 1- 'iillicult to see much connexion hetweeii them and the followinj: dat.atakei; fni'iuhe repuil of thelioilertrials inaihly cau-ed liy variations in the temperature of the hoili r lire. I7n Cial 7 riiiiKcf uiiii. \ ilrvM I - nii^l :i 'I'lviit •• •_•:! .\; I'liiikcr ■>•!■%■ -hI'i mi.i ■ ;i«ily r, .•ur.l 'niil wrv -nii.lil • t'.ir " Jja M <'m;,| -JilM .iiiir \\:i-hiii I.ikr J-> M •• ■_',•, CliiiUri' liiii.l -itiikiiiL: u- ^ti iil.l !.■ 11- I Willi -ti-Min " JS, i.C.-al •_'."> iit'ti- ,Mi-liiiiLM lliinl l:i' !■ "I 'link'" -tirkin- t.- h:ii-' illHil -tciiin wa I'Ul "ii • liakin:: Ui; ''■ iiiii;li' '" u-fil with -iciiiu •• ;{ii - Mliii-li |ihi-lir rl'iiki'r cii-ilv h-iiiummI •••.•;j(i • (C..:!! :!ti alter ua-liiliLi Clink-r t r...,l.l--,,in.' iir til -fai 11-1 i\. ■ ■ |:j Cliiikcr vi-c(i'i ■..riijiiioii- iMi|Mn\.il uiili tfiiiii: -'.lakiii ;;latc CdUl i" li-cij with -icalli. lUxl -Sld.N 1 I \li:i'IHiliS <»l \\(>I!K ■|hr |.n \. -1111. ,11 (.1 MKii-tiiivrhaliL;!' itir'nil .luriii'^ -athph-i-, •iviiKhii-. aii.| Mnfn-i'. the. Iitrrtiilliai'i..linl' wilt. ■!. ati.l th.' iUVrt ,,f V. alcf uii .pthiT nlialv- ■ ,„v aitlHii!' |.r..l..in- ..I rual atialv-i-. Th.-r |,n>l.l.'ln< vwiv vcfV CMlvfuh . ,nii-i(l,iv.l Inhnv Ml.- iii.'lho.l- .■iii|.i.i\.-.| wviv ai|"|.li'.l. aii.l u\<>i 'i,. .Iflmrliiiv- hoiii 111..!.- u-nal iiii'th'i.h wciv mail.' ti. !(--('ii .hiii'iff "f fi-r.K- tlimiiirli tiKH 'life. huiiliii ■■ hi-t I., Ml' waiv.lhat i- to ^av -inn- thr |.tvsciit iiivrstiiiat i-, was 1m u'llli.a ! iiil.cr'.t|Ml«'f.-- haw Imcii piil.lirlii'ih.ii the wi'atli.Tiii'4 ciC "■ 1 and aliril pr..! -I.'iu-. '..hich -li-u llial ro:,| -atiipl - uipI.t-u ciii-iacfal'l- „xiaati.,ii «lirh i.i.'.i at im <".. ai.-l aUo .lilfir,.- -tofa-c at on|iiial-y t,.tii|i^ r- atiircs; till-.' in;- w.Ti- kiiuvvii \»'\nvr. hut i Sir ivcriil Work iias -trolli'lv (.iii|.lia-i/i'.| thr :iiiiiMnai..'c ui 1» iriii- llictii in niiml in all . ..ii-i.liTatioii- .1 in.'tlHi.i- .,1 a!ial>.-i-. It i- !i">v ap|' iivin that the lah.iralorv work ,>f liu- mvc.-.ti.;a;;..i, woiil.l liavr h.M'ii k-- up, ii 1o critirisiu in tlii^ n-prct , il t!,.' aiiiiiyM'- ; ! U liia.lr "ii ai'-'lrl>-.l >aiiipli'.>. «v if thr cual IkmI hfciMlrir^l .n Ml atiiK.-iilH-iv of iiitiM-. n ..I- ■Ihcr iii.ll ;:m- iii-traiivciiiciilly ii-cfiil whfii ivporicl mi the .li-y '-d. an.i tlwiv 1- a ,li>liii.-t aav;,;,la,i;.' in niakii;- th.' aiialy-.-. in the way ili''> ''■ to ho r.'p<.n.-.l rath, r than iti aiialy-inL. nioi>i -aiiipk- aii.l .•..fiv.'tini: f.n' h.' nioi.-luiv .ontain.'.l. Tlii> crn.r caiiscl 1-y o\i.lali..ii .if tlu' n.al .liiriii- .h '- hl' is. f,„tiiiiati'lv. laivJN :f .-v.T ..-i-i..!!-, cN.-.'pt iH..-.sil.ly with lijrnil.-. It iiiifonniiatilv the pivsstltv of inip.'fativ.' woik piwiMii".! any all.'inpi h a- iiia.lc t.. .let. nnin.' the .'Na.-l .At.'iit .if tli.' iliaii'j..' tli.'v uti.lcr-.. in thi- ■■ iv. Th,- »\i.lati..i; .if 111.' -f..uii.l wit-^it a far lariicr staff ati.l i-.iuiptiicnt. In «.i-.lcr that the analyses ina.le simnl.i ivpioeni lli.- ...al a- luii- ■' w.mkl haw lieen nc-e.-saiy t.i sanipleihe eoal unaen/.i-oun.!. ship in a hen. u- allv seak'.l .•..ntainer to the laboratory, :uiii make tla- /..inpIeK- aiialy- - a I'll' I \l I'hiic lAII. \ I, , ■>::!. .1. ■ • ,;l. ! I., :i;ih^. \ ,, ■,, ,| 177 .sodti as this (•(iiilaiiicrwas icccivcil; siicli iiiialyscs would Ikiu.-vci'. hav'f hcfn <>f (lo»ll)tfiil Value, as tlicy woiild not rcpit-fiit the )»roilu(t m| ihe hii.h' a- it readies the CDiisuiuer. Tlie wliole subject of coal a' lysis is so lieset with didiiidtie- 'iiat it i- almost inipossilile to avoid one . .diculty without eiicouiileriii ; aiio'iher A coliiTli'Mee of the Ilih iiial iolial ( 'oiilt.'-- of Applied ( lieiiii-i rv is at pre^ellt colisiderilii; the (pleslioii of nioi^tuie in fuels (and ores), and it is to he hoped that tlie\ will he ahle to su^'.'est. in their rep- in to the meeting in New York in l!)12. ~"U\r method of anal>sis which will ii.-i't with iieui-ral international adoption. In \ie\\ of this it i~ now onlv iic<'cs-ai'\' to di-iMi~- the advalitaL'es and di~:idvaiit rj. ^ 'f son,,. i,f 1 hi- iiiclho.l- .e iii:ill\- eiriplovrd not to >llt;j;c~t or ivcoiniiieh' I h.'ihoils for Canadian adoplhii oilier methods have Keen siil!!' < ni 1\- discii--ed in i|e-rril)in:' them. The met hod employcil lor olitaiTiii./ i -ample from i he niaiii '■on-i..:miieiit ol coal Was \('r\' ihoroiijih. and i;uariii d i-'.-iin-i the -ivair t diUiculty ill sanijiliiiL' \\hich lies in eii-uriiiLr that a coii.it pro|i.,i , imi ui tines and iif lump i;ii into each portion everv time the saliipli' i- -ulii|i\ided li\' shovel !.r l>y rillle. In cases where .1 < '>ai -f:uii contain- 1 wo portion-, one of which is 11 1 urdi St roll j:cr than the other, the 11 ne< and the lump- of co;il -onieliniesdilTer coii-ideralily in composition and a true -.iinple i- h;,ii| to oliiain. One coal ill the series showed this characteri- 1 ic to .m e\ce|itioiial dei;ree. the different siihsidiary -aiiiples <-lieckin^ l>adl,\ as to a-h contiiit) anion^-t themselves iitid with the main sample; several fresh samples of this roal were prepared luid the one finally chosen foiaiials -i- was that in which the a-h content came nearest to lieiiii; the mean of that of thi' otiii'r -aniples. It Was necessary to di'ci(le. at the l>ei;innini; of th<' invest i^'at ion. het ween till' relative merits of sna)! samples and :iveraj;v samjiles for Hue iia- and pioiliicer f;a-; that is liei ween -ample- taken at a particular time .-iiid -ample- taken to reiireseiit the a\eraue y:a- produceii durini.' a ,i:iv( n inter\-al of time, siirh ;is one hour It was decided that the snap sample was thehetter. In tiniler trials, the Hue ^a- anal>si- - liett.'r as L;i\ iiii.; information a- to the tot.d heat wa-ted up the ehimney: of the,-e uses, that of assi-tiii'i in the correct stoking ilurin;; the course of the trial was re^arderl as the mo-^t important, aiicl the snap satiifik' was. therefore, adopted: -imilar rea-oiis le,l to the adoption (;f -nap :i;iii!ples for producer trials al-o. The system of air dryinj;- employed appeare^l on :hc> whole to he very •••ati -factory: the lenjjtliof time taken to dry a -ani|)le v.,i- ,1 di-ad\ :i!ilai:c in tliii' the eojil was doubtless slowly o\idi/:inj: duriiiu- tlii- time, luit, as thi air iln. I .sample- were not afK-rwards employed for the reL'ular ;itial\u giis^s. Mini l>v ;iliv iraili lUw U< ;il>-ni|,l i^ii of ()\y-«Mi; hut llii- inrllm whilr |.lai'liaiiipl<-l(.l.c lindy -n.iin.l ami i lioroU'^hly ini\.Ml wilhout ;, uiipi.-riahlr <'liaiii;v in iii..i>l ur,'. A -nvni aiialy-i^ ..f a .'oal -roiina I'or ihi hniir- m tlu' mill slaavcl that uiilv d-d") p.T.vnt May.'.l uii a lOdiii.-h -m an. I 1 •■_':. |..T(Vit nil a -JOt) iiK'-h -(T.tii: thi< wiy tine •^rimliii'-' i< an a.jva: [x'zv ill lluit :my iiiii>unti.'s will he wry thmouiililv .li-niiiiiaica thn.ii.Ji- 'the whole sample, iiioisniiv call lie quiekly an. I eomi.letcly lein.ive.l. ; ,letenninaii..n- -ndi as that ..I' -ulphur eai. !"■ ni.nv -alisfaetonly ma.le ; line -ampl. ~ than -'U r„-AVr: it is a ili-a.K alil a'^.' in ihat more Mirlae.. of ■ . roal i-e\l...-..,| ..n.l, I heivloiv. o\i.|a1 i.m can |ir..ce,-.l in..i'.' rapi.llv an.i laril The a.lvaiila^e- ol' the Use of small sample tuhes f,,r the linal sami'le h ... heeii mcnlion...!: thai their contents weiv liaMe t.. deterio-al ion. in -i.;, of then- heiie.;- . i -eil u it h waNe.l cork- an. I M..iv.| in -toppeiv.l '....ttl.-. v. ,- shown in th,. i..llowim: way. Hri.picie- -ullicieiit for iw,, .leierminati n- „f calorific value were UMially ma. I. - i afler the -ample ha.l lu'cii prep:.i .i if |.,r aiiv r. a-..n lhe-e Weiv u..i -ullici,.|il ami fiv-li l.ri.pi:.| les weiv ma.i.. .' a laii'r .late i..r e\ira .leteriiiinat i.in-. ilie I'rc-h l.ri.|ieiies u-uallv '-ra\. -■ iow'er calorili, value liian the ohl .,n..-, -IcuiiiL: tliat th.^coal More.i .■,-,.:: „,,„||,al.|c p,.«.|er in :, tul.". .|.-t..n.,ra1...l m.iiv lapi.llv >l.v oxi.latl.,!, I mi ,1„, .,i,. ,...litaine.l in 'he ' -Le) tl.,.ill the -alne i-.,al -tore.l ill the torn: ■.■ ,-tr.>m:ly c,,inpre-|..l l.ri.piel le>. The .lirKlviice f.,un.| varie.l with the ...:,1 liciiii! iii-he-t with the li-nile-. hilt after tw., ..r three in..ntlis -t.,ra-c .• ,,-Uail al lUte.l 1.. alMiUt .'.'l .'aLMie- p.r uralll. The oxi.lat ion ..I t he .■..;,i >amplc i- ai-.. sh..un liy c..mpa;i-.iii ..f I he aiialv -e- m\en..f the n.-ilv sample- aii'l ih..-e ,,hi:iiiie.l later f..r ckiin: i.-i-: the lalfr -amp!<- .v.iv analv-e.l .-h..rtly aller hein^ ;.ceiv(..l, aiel in liearlv every ca-e ,h.. \»- n■n^^^^•■ of o.v-,.n fouiul in them wa- le- than in th.. c..i re-p..nilini; ivj il;i: .sample-, the c.mplel i..ii ..f 'he alialy-is ..f which "a- more .lelave.l It 1- well known that, m !i. .letermination ..f \..l;ilil.' matter I ::: The -i/.e of ihe clUi il.le empl..\ ■!. ' •mi.eraiure ..f the llame U-e.l. .'I.' «:• affe.'l th.. iv-ulT ohtame.l The iv-uii- ..l.taiiie.l in ihi- inve-ti-ati..u L. v.,- m.-lh...l- alrea.lv ilc-crihci aiv pr..l.aM\- lot .,nl\ c.,n-i-tent aiii..ni;-t t^.ii;- selv,.-. I.ul also in cl.,-e a^reeiiK'Hi with the r. -iiltsthat ^v.'ul.l hi' ohtain-i I'v oth.r ch.-mi-t- in i:,.nerai p. ^tice. A- it i> -enerallv ...nsi.ieiv.l uec. --:,:v t,. .letern.ine v..laiil.' mailer on air .Iry rather than ..n .Irv c..:, ,l,.t,.rminatimploy -urli, or nia\ lir nmr,' roniplrlriv o\iili/.il stiiphnric anhyilriili- ami rmiain in ilir a>l to tuctal. Carlmnat evolution of 1 a- a -ulphati' of calriiini or otlirr itii.- f iti-; nia\- 111' more or li'~~ conipli'tcly ili'i'oinpo-iil, uiili the iin'_' to till- ii'mpi'ralnri' iinployi'il. 'I'lr II ot carlioii ilioMi I', ai'i'ori urnaci' 'jivr^ a lii;;hcr ti'nipcraluri' ami Ic-s cricr^'i'iii' oxiilatiou than i< usually the i-a-c in a romhii-tion fnriiai'c -two i'omliiion< whii'h loail to a lower resuh for tln' a~li. \V. I'ollanl lia- .-liou n' thai i the iwrcentaire of a~h fouiiil n a easi' whcri tl in a I'oniliu-iion tuhc \va.- hii;hcr than in a inuffli le pi'rr('nla'.^r ol -iilphiir m tl wa- I'orrcsjMimliiiLdv hi'.'hi'r. lint ini;- that, in ihc ~(\('nt\- Imili-r t riah It i.- worth heliiml at the eml of a trial. weiLihi'il on the a\('ra;;i' ■ rial- rarrii'il out, the a-li ,in.l rlinki'r l.'ft alter ilnlurt iii',; till' I'omhii-t ilili' matter Jiresent, put into the hoil pif rrlit th.in the \vi'ii;lit ol a.s is line t o a-ii '■.'irrii'il o\i'r into 1 le llili'- alli ujp tin .-l:irk, hut H -I'l-m- prohalile tliat -onie of tlir i|i-rr,'panrv i> line to thi illlVi'l-enee ill comlit ions hetween the lioili-r furiiari' alul thi' niulllc fiirnai'e. line of the errors in coal analv-r~ aiT ilue rati ler To ei'itam coli-l Itu- Plit- of the coal, than to thr parti, 'iilar m.'tlio.l- rniployril for analy-^i-: tin fnllouiiiL; ari' ri'lrrr.'il to li\- Dr. I', ,11, iril 111 the ari irlr al I'cailv meiil I .Iieil When co.'il contain- caiiioiiati- ii-iiallv of calcium ami inannesii imt only doe- it allVii ih.' a-h a- -talcl lirfoiv, l.iit, in the iL Vilafije maiier C'iiImiii ilioxi.lr i-rvoKi Ilia ler I'ather than 1111 - etertiiiiiat Ion of :ini| IS thu- fcckoiiei as voLitili le urimiial mineral be tl may also he paili;tll\- reihiri'ij ,at tin lU .'IS a-li, as It -lioulil he i| a.-ii l- CllllSllll'I'i'il to matter in the coal: the escapini: carl ion i|io\ii|i. qien-e ol the carlion present (( ),. le percenta'ie of lixeil carlion fouinl l)eiii._ thu- too low. [,i ili, ■niiiiiate tinalysis tin- iM'rciiita,-e of a-h foii:„l will 1,^ too 1 .w, ami the carli .Hill oxv;;-eli too hii:ii. lowever. a-h is ronsiili'iTil to !);• the rc-iilur left 'C ('li:i|,ti'r iin .V.'.'iinirv ol Ciiil .\n;]|y-is ' l>y \V, Poll-ni. in -Tl; :i ■ -. :i .ili'llmir ol t(li' ( icolo;;! II f-:i i.i Wales. lODS. le Co.'ils of .South ISO afUM- r„,u,.l.-t.> oxi.lution. no .-rror is .ausnl, .-x.-.-pt th.t in .liff.r.., detern,ination. the carb.muf will l.- .l.-o.nposnl t„ . .n..,,.,- ..r i.ss ...xt. n acconlins to the- tonipcruturo .•,npl..y."a. s.. thut. a.,i.l.n.t..s w,ll not a^u-.-. F,.rn.us n.i.uTals m the •■-ml lM..-...n,. osi.li.nl t., th.- f.Tnc n,n.l.t..m wl,. burnt, so that s., far as thry ar.. .•,m....rn...l tl- a>l. Unuu\ '"X an^^ly:'-; '^ ^'•"='" than iuth.M,ri,inal n.al. and ih.. uxy,..». whi-h .> t..u>.i l.y .l.ttrrrn. .. , therefore, lower. i ,i, ;, Pvrites in the coal an- also osi.li/e.l v heu th.' eoal is hurneW. ihe i- ,„.;„. Vft as f.Mrir oxia..; for every J 10 parts l.y w.-i^ht of in,., pyntes ■ the ;;i,inal --al, UIO parls of ferrie oxide will he weighed m ll.e a-h, and - parts of sulphur in the sulphur .lelenninat.on; the n.>ult a;:ain .- that determine,! ON v-en is less than in the oriL'inal eoal , , ,■ , Co.d n.av also eontaiu as impurity, minerals eontain.mr water ot .., stitution nor'driven olT hy dryin, at lOVC. The hydro,..! and oxygen • such water will appear in the ivsults of the analysis as hydrojren and ..x>,. of the coal instead of in tlw ash. Ur Pollard summarizes the appn.ximate .-rrors eouMdered !.> him the f.,UowinK vMv. •■ No ,reat ae..uraey is elaimed for these h.uiys, t . are onlv intended to show in what .lireetiou. and alM.rox.matel.N to s.U. e.xtent.'.he eompoMlion of a eoal may he alTeeted. " The h.ures „ve„ r, : tothepe.venta,.esofth.. .Mina-nt. eal.'ulaled to an a-h and v.ilphur flee ,■■.; lAHII. I. Ill Summary of Approximate Errors in Coal Analvses f'lirhoiiiitcs Kitti) in extreme ease FoiTDUs minerals in usli t's rites Hvdroiis minrr.ils. . .... Miwinunn ol)-erve.l allerntion ni lour Welsli eoiils after lour year> ftoRiL'e ' . (• II (•■ t -114 -4-4 -OUT 4-1 '."J - 1 7 -Ottl - ()1 • I + (1-2 + 0-.s.'> 4- ()•(),■. 4-11. I i)-2 -0 '.10 ' OOl u t )■:!(• o Jl 1 i:i -017 In e.melusion it shoul.l he explain,.! that th,- methods wlu.'h w,.,v plove.l have heen fullv ,l,-s,.rih,.d ami possihl,. ,.rrors m.h,;ate,l m - that the folh.winK analys.- ,Mn he ju,!-/..,! upon th.ur merits. It -,; be rlearlv mnlerstm.d that tl... m u'ity ,.f po-Mhl. ..no,>, whilst - in. the absolute analvsis ..t a.,y eoal to a iimite,! extent, will liav. or^no etTeet upon the relative merits of the ..oals ju.l.e.; inm, the a,.:. The coals were all analysed in the same way, ex.vpt for Irillin, ,hll,^^ already mentione,!. so that the analysc's are eon.istent an:on,st themseh Tfilso .seems desirabl,. to rail att,M.ti,.n to the faet that the ml difTioulties and errors of any known metho,l of eoal analy^. sTeam Zl w:.. very .light and with th,- ru>thracit^ it was prt«:t.ca,ly nd. ■Ill- ■4,T rrll' IM sui'li. that, altlicMij.'h in llic wurk nf this iiiv.'^iiu'ation very uTcat caiv was taken lii.tli in tlic chipii'i' of inrtli(MU and in llic rarryinn out of till- WDi-k, yet it woul.l 1m' iin-cifntilic arnl woiiM i;iv.> a t'al-f idea "f ai'curai'V. to report aiialy-cs to one liiiiuhciltlis ol one per cent, or ealorilic values lo tlie single ealorie. The verv ceiieral and inisleadin;: cu.-toni alrioli!; i-oal ehemi-l - of e.\pre^~in^ re>\iit~ to tlie Inin- dredtli <'f .ine )ier I'cnt . even in proximate analyses wlicre tlie very units are douhtful, i> only esru-.dile. because it is the cu>toln. and l)ecau>i> those chemists, wliose work is .snlliciently careful toelialile tileni to reali/c the un- avoidal>le iiia'curacies, do not care to appear to he makiim les- careful analyses than others. LIST OF COALS TESTED s\ hNKV I ciAI. I IKI.I). ( \l'i: MUKHIN in, N.s. ."lit* (lowrie svam. North Atlantic Collieiio Ltd.. Port .Mori.n. .\.,S. :{(i Donu'nion No. 7. Huh s,.;im, iJominion Coal Co., I,i,|. (,lace Hay. .V.S. ■'<."( Dominion .\o. '.». Ihul.our -cam. Dominion Coal Co. Ltd (ilace May, N.S. :;.") SI' Diuriinioh No. .'.. j'haN u seam. Dominion ('irA\ Co., Ltd.. Mace |{a.\ . N S. •is Dominion No. I. I'halen -cam. Diuninion Coal Co.. I.ld tllace May. N.S. •i~ Dominion No. lo. Ilmerv -earn. Dominion Coal Co.. I.i.l (ilace May. N.S. •'" Donu'nion No IJ. I.inuan -earn. Dominion Coal Co. Ltd ( da<'e May. N.S. '•> •^" I Colliery, Nova Scotia Steel an. I Co.al Co., Ltd.. Svdnev Mine-, N.S. 1- \"- '■> Collierx, Nova S<-oiia Steel and Coal Co., Ltd., Svdnev .Miiie~. .N.S. 1\\ l,U\ K>S I C)\|. l-l 1:1,11, l\\ l,l!\l>^ I I]., \.s. II ln\eliie" Collier\-. [iivellie-- !!aiU\:i\ ahd Coal Co. In\eni|.-< N.S. '■"' l'"i'' Hood Colliery, liicjimoiid Kailwav Coal Co.. Ltd.. I'ort IIooil. N S. I'll rm ( 11 \i. 111:1.11. i-ii luc (diMv. N.S. I Si\ I'oot Cnlli..iy,CumlHTla!i(l H-iilway ai..! Coal Co.. I.t.!.. >|>niiuli. N.S. . , \o. :!Colli.MT.Cuml.:i-lau.l Itailu.: v aii.l Coal Co.. It'L S|.nn^h J N.S. ,|N,-, iiM.Si:'l<> <".\>. Hl.i.f. ( r\llii;ltl.\M> < n., N.>. Chi-nrrto CoUiri-y, MaiilliiH C.al, liaihvay .aii.i I'owrr Co , I.i CiiiuiM'i'io, N.S. MinnclipColliny. Minu.li.. Coal Co.. 1.1.1., lliv.T II-'Ihti. N.S. J,,j:L;iii< Coliii'iy. Caiia.la C.aU aii.i Uaiiuay C... I.t.l.. .1"^- ' N.S. (.KAM. I.MnK ' "\l. IIKI.I. .ilKI.VS < .)., V.li. Kiii',iV luiiH-. li. 11. Kiii^. Mint". N.U. -Ill 1(1- I .i\i. in;i.i). > \>K. W.-M.TM I)oiniiii..ii Colii.Ti.-. I.I. I.. Tayloiloii. Sa-k liiiivUa Coal aii.l Hfii'k C.... I.t.l.. ll-t.^vati, SaMv l.;|i\lii\ 1. 1\ ci.M. 1 li;l.i>. \i.l \. Stlallic.iia C.ial Co., 1.1. 1., St lal li.'.'lia , .\lla. Park. I, ill' C,.a! C... I.t.l . 1 ■..liii..lit..ii. -Mta. Slan.lanI Coal Co., i:.liii..iitoii, .Mta. iiKi.i.v iii\ Ki; r().\i. i.ii;i.i>. \i.. \. <'alia.la-\V.-1 Coal Co.. I.t.l. TalxT, .Mta. Call C..lli.-iy. .Ultfila Itailuay aii.l Ini^'atioii C.'., I."!-. Ill-ill-.', .\lta. I5ivck.iiri.l-r aii.l I.un.l C.al C..., i.t.l.. I.un.ll.ivck. Aha. |V{ :i I'll \\K-MIMI(\|i|l(|; ic.M, I 11 1. 11 \|.|\. IS Seven l'.M,l MMIIl !\n, I lUldlll. I., ilrl, CullM-li,.- I.t.l I', -Killer \lt:, llilliT,-t C.lliny, lliilrivM Cual :iiii| r,,k,. C, 1.,,! Ilill.iv-l Ml.,. •'■' IMIrvile (■,,lli..n. \., I -.■;iln. W.-l ( -ii,:,, |i:,h Cniiierir- Co, |.t,| ■-"> '-ill'' •'•'llill\. Xo. I -,;illl. WCm (';!M,.Mliall ('..lli,.|i,.. C, I 1,1 I. ill.'. Ml;,. •'• ll,'iii-Mii ('(.IliiTV, \,,. J ~,.;,ni. lull in;, ti,, 11., I Cm;,! ;ii,,| {\,l,. {-,, _ l.t'l . ('■il(lii;,n. Ml;, •'' •"^•' l'''lli-"ll <',,lli,|y, \,,. I -iMIn. Ill,.||:.,li,,ll;,l C.,.,] ;,||,| (',,!,.. (',,., I.til.. <'m|. Ili;,ll. .Ml;,. 31 3(1 2!» "il 27 CliKW s\|>| I ,1 \|, 1 |l;|,|, I, I-. N" ' liiili', Mii'l„'l (■■illiirv. (i,,UMr-i I';,-- (',,■,! (', I 1,1 \l\r\u'\. l!C. ■ " Xm. 7 mill., .Mirl,,! Cilli.iv. (■|,nv-ii,--i I';," (',,■,! c, | t,| .Mi.licl, I'.C ' ' " X" "" lllihi-, .\Ilrli, I r,,|li,.l\-. CmUMK-I I'-l" C,,;,! (',, I 1,1 .Mi.'hil. U.c. Xii, •_' -,';nii -,,iiili, ||,,-iiii'r .Miii:'~. 1,1,1 . II,, Mill I. !{.('. Xo. i; M';ilji ~,,ii,||, II,, Mil; I Miiii-, 1,1,1 . 11,1-iirr, l!,( '. Xii. s -.Niiii -.,,iiili. ii,,Mii,r Mini-, 1,1,1., li,,Mn(i li.C. ^'"- - mini . (■■■;il Civ, k, (•i,,i\-ii,-t l';i" C.,;,l C,, |.i,| JVnii,. JVC ■\"- ■' "lii"'. <'"al Civik, (V,.w-n,-t I';,- C,,;il (',,, i,i,l | ,.,iii,. He. ■_•:; SI- ■j;{ .M •Jt (•\-c\hi: c i\i. 1 ii:i,i). \i.r\. X,,. I ol I l|,| mill,'. II. W. .M,-Xeil C.,., I, I, I., C;||,ll„,|-1 Ml;, l'«':i -i/e. H;,nklic;i.l Cnilii'iA , U;, nkli,;i. I .Mil,,.. |,i,! |{-iiikli,-i,| .Ml:,. Hiiikuli,;,! m'/i'. I5;iiiklM';,,l C,,!!i,iv, |{;inklic;i.l .Mines l.ia l<:niklii;i,|, .\ll;i. .Mi\e,|, S:, ;,ii,| .':!SI', l!;,nkli,';,,| C,.lli,.ri-, H;.|iklir;i,l Min,- 1.1,1 l{;uikhc;i,|, .\h;i. J{ri.|Uett,-. IV,. Ill li:,nkli.:i,l C,.lli,iv. li;inklic;.,i Miii,.., I,t,l H;,nkli,;Mi. ,Mt;i. ^IMII.K \Mi;i:\ (,M VI, lli;:.|.. |;,(- \\. i X,,. 1 n|)cnin;; ( ;r:iiiiti' Civck, 15. C ;\. _' X ,). ■-' iM,cniiiu'. , \..ul. \alli: . ,mI ;,ti.|CnK.-fM , I.I.I <.m.,r. IVC. .... M MiMMiv Ml .'J :.n,l J-'SIV Mi,i.ll.-l...r.. (•..lU-n. Nl.ula Nail- ,,,,,ln,Hi mU.- Co , I.I'l .<'"'"'"■ I**- .\ \ ■ - \ I Mii-C iM"\ '""^1 ' " \ \\(Mi vr.it i->i.x-~ I'. 11, c U..llii.':ln l.xl'M i"li <'"lli.iv, Wrllih-l. 1^ IT n Williii-i.iii -<-iii'. Cnllh rv C, . I.i.l . I'.'-'' ■''"'"■ '"' r, ,,„.,■ -rani. N... I -n""-. \\' -"■•■" ''"' *'"■ '■"'• ^"""" IVf. Colli. |,,w..r -ram, N... 1 niin. . V .-tiTM lu.! L.., l.t.L. Nmiain. l,,,u.r -.am. \-. I mi'ii'. •'"'""^ LilliiTv. U .■II111.....1 <'..lli. (',, 1 1,1 (■.iinl.iTlah'l. '• '". ^1 SI' l..i«vr -..1111. N- : "'ill-. <""'"^- '''""■'■^' ^^■'""' ('.. I.t.l. Cuml.. .. ■ '1. K''- .., M M.Mu'iv „l N..-. 1 ii"'l - -"!"-• »' ^ ''""""■>■■ ^^'■"'"-"•' Cillicrv C. . l.'.l . <'iiml.|.ilaii.l. H.( , .v,.Kin iiA^ ...M. M.i.i.. vvN...i M.i: l>l•^^". "'•• ,, . 1 , . I'.,.;, ('..'i-i ('..al ('.I.. .Mil' 'i:>\'. ^.'ii' '"■■• \,\ :> I Si|.|Ua,-li ill,, .'. I n 1 ' ".' ' i-iaii.l, I"' ^vlml;ll..KM:...^^ mk'.". ^' '-'^ . Uiin l..liv |.^, ;;i r|.|.,.|- -..1.11. TaMialu- min. . Wlii- i'a--in'l Vuk.m l^lil^v:.^ ' ' IN, :;j Mi.l.ll,. -. am. laii.alu- mil:.. \M'ii- 1'-- ^""' ^ "'-" '''"'^^^'- ' 1,1. I.. \llk"M JA. :i:i l..i\vrr -caiu 1.1.1,, N nk.'U- lalitalu-iiiin.-. \Mn'<' i': - 11ml Vuk-u KaiK^ is: l\IM.\ Arilillil rniil ( .1., mill- I, l,.| 1.', |ll\ Air u-iil liir (-11111111-11. in in l.uili t I. -I- It AH«'rl;l l{jlll\MI> Mini h ! 'LMtHill < II I. 111,. ii.:il ii-iii| I.-,, I III \ll:. i:lll I lliii'HH Ilullliiil III ill ii riiiiiiiiii:;iiiHiiiiit 111 ijMil riiil.un mill viil.iiili' iii:itrrt l.il Alllllv-I- 111 IiI'ihIiii rl' i::l~ » li, ISiilli- ami \V lii'i li r ^i|i|i,'inii n |i'i| All:il\-i- 111 |iri..|iiiTr CI- • ' li I'i.m- ilalhiinl l'>:i'iiliMii ;l|lll.lr:llll^- lii| \ii:il\ Mi.il Mill!. .Ill- all. I ,|,in,.i i.-i|ll- |.;i A|i|i;ir:itii- in ijn kih.iI lal.ni.il m \ I ;| A-li, ilililliiili; inn 111 I Tv ■ 111 iii.il I, ■■ -aiiijili -. Iiiiw 111. I i [.111 li.iH III. ■! Dili \-li.-. i\|i<'Mtliinl - nil i|-i!.lii'\ 111 171 \t»,ilir !iii.l ^11. II. I1-. ..1 I I. r.lliilillli I. . j.Vi II I. ■■..I'.k anil W.i.iiN liiiili I ii-.-.l m I'-t 1.-. Mall mill I.. I mm. III. i; -aim a.|- \ aiil-ii;i - III' I 7^ IV.nUliia.l .\!iiii-, l.t.l i-.ia! ii-ii.l 1^ ||"i liiikin mil llii'iiiiiin •. r 1 |7 IlilU l!i\i r ...Til li. I-. I'lia ir.iiii ti-l..,l III! li.» 111,, 1, I! .» 1..J K..1I, 1 ai.l |. Ill 1. .■i!|.t,,,n ..1 'li:ll 1-1 -I II: I. -I I.-, i;...|, r 1,-1-, :; ii • . niliiHiii- i;,n.iiiinL' I-' " II,. III. Ill .11 iiil„lli,-litli; I ^ ■• ■• .,,.-lll, ,.l, :i_' ,||l-..| 1.' ...iii'i-- .,: 1 I nil II, tl 'ilii-. H 1" ■! ami . III. . iii\ :i :.,in at.il U i,. .1. f i:.i- iiaU i.:: .|.|i:n:ii 1- |i;| i ...>-. I'r.il ( , \ i;a- lal. .111111 in li;."i liiii|iiilli - liir .|. ;. n ini; il.irlli. Vain. |7n III. Ill li.ilikll. a. inal ll-tii| Is friiTii .nal -an, I ■ - 1 Is 11-111 III KiKiiini; LM- priKliinr liii l':iti-li 'riiiTiaal I'uif. liiluiiliiiii j (' ' 'i. iilalmn- liir l.oil.i- trial ■_>7 ■ I'.nlii- i,-l- . , Ajilaii iliir\ imli l.'ij . iliml 111 rir.inliii;.' nailiiin-^ I I'liliiilaliiiii- .,: .ali-nniiia' - l,",l ' .li.rilir \a|i|. lri.<. rnai I ."i.') VX-.t I aliiritii v.il.ii'. I al.'iil 111 .1 1 .,n lll,» -I '.lal |."i"i i-iilnilal. .1 Ir.ilii aii- .ilv -I- III LM- Ids ira-i.iii- Iml- |ii.", -ii|i.| liiil- I II, <'iiMi|iUII. \I. It . lail .1imIi,ii.'.ii rla--illratiiiii iil rnal I .*ii; r,iiii|ii,.||, w II |j_. raiiaihi I nal; ml ltail«a\ ( n . |,i,| . inal- li-li-.l 1 1 Wi-i I'.ial < lal 1. -I. .| r. I In < lllinti .111,1 ln.li.iui II III mal, linu ili'ii'i'iiiiiM'.l |:»i Imlliitfi II IiHn I.Vi ('.•l-raili- rii.i! liilil, i-.i.i!- Ii.-I, .1 s.',, | | .-, I liilnlral latiinaliin « . 11 k .. | J | Ii -I-. ii.|-iiii| IniH I,, |,i I ji| rlilniiiii., ilVirl 111 ill ,.,,a| I, • liiikrr-. Iiiriiiali..ii nl 1. .Vi <'.ial, ail- ilr\ ini; llii aiialv-i-, ililli. nil |.ii.l.l. n,- ,.i 17n aiillii ii'ili-. ( i.iu -1,1-1 an, I \ll." I'll! 1: I ri-iili- li.iMi I Is lill lllllinnu-. I'lli I I nl III i;a- lllllllllll I 1,J \i.aila \.,||i \an.l N'aiiaiinn rnal liiliN. IIT spiinirliili n,,| ,lni.'i;,|i- hiM lii'i . ikiiiir nl 7 ■■ imI,iiiIii- xalnii-aliiil.iii ,| i ,1, an.iK-i- l.'i.'i " I'al... illr valili- III a-li liii- I.',", •• rail.nfi lixiliiiiri'ii iiiin |.-,n rnlll(in-ll inn n| ;;n ■* rnllilltinn nl u Inn I. -I.,| ;.; ■■ .li'lillilili ,! ,.11 .il \ nlalll. Mlll- I. I' in |7> 1 riiiiiiii, . lalili- 111 -alii|ili - '1 -' 'I n.-i 111. I , 1 1.1 111 I.Mi lisiiiiti ■ iiii\i .1, -|iiii.i| Inal I IJ •■ lliiTJiai .■•a! -In ii:;lli .11.. I l,.ir.|- 17:{ 17:; !l " ri'laliv Ill .1 " ^nllliiir 111,-lllrt in ^|M.ialii- i:ra\ if \ ni " -uilalili tv nl Inr -Ii.ini i;. 11- i-raiiiii; trculrii, nt ainl liili.i\ inm ni in liri ■• llial- 111 ' .mil'- ( 'ink r.ial \aliii. Ill .liITi niii kin. I- l.u -fi'ain ii,ir(iii-i'> < 'nal-. Iilalivi' nil lit nl. l;.i- |.i.. li'iriT VVn.' k ri-n .1 k- nil a- arr.aiiii- ! i:,-n- u' i|iliii'all\ III, |ii; t,-I.-.|. li-t 111 jsi Mil I II- 111 Inr L' . - |iril. 111. .1 H.ii-k loj ;{j M MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TBI CHART ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2i 1.0 I.I 1.25 ["illM Ilia ^ \m I Z2 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.6 .= APPLIED INA^GE Inc 'ifti ;88 - 5989 - Co. t^s w i; li (nUr -;lin|ilr-, ll>AV ul ,1 ,■! il li'i I ■■ |,.-1- I'll- llM'l i"irli.ili :iim1 V.illllll.' Ml.-lMrl- ( ..n\\;i\ . I' -I , ,- , ,,,„-„. -I r..:,l li.M. . ■,.,!- l.-'r,l I,. 1',-- ( ...il ( n.. 1,1,1 . 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It .HBt -,. rji, nh*Mt r**t n**- -iilfti M tiii\i^l i*i«| \ *yv. H I •tLur«v t n» 4r\i>> M »r < Ml u* h* Is K) lU 1.' I.I 41 U lit! )-• t- ..: t.i VJ .'■11 44 2»J .•.1 I'l :i.; •... !'• j:l;l .V* i: It .Vi 4- j:ii ■VV 4U .11 !4 SO •^2 I,-. •.-■ -•>■ Xi ,Vi M ftti M W 7«l ■Vi _>: »T .V. .'11 4.t ■, _ ^ Jl ..s , .'C M 45 ,^^ .-.'•^ 4^ ,w .» 1 M 4ti ati iS< M 47 «i 24 4M - ^^^ -.r^ - _ : — - z »>j i'i« 4(1 «;i .-.'•-• M 4J -^--— ^ ^S .^371 _ . — ^ 64 ■» » «U IS 39 fili 17 .ts H7 ^'1 M 41 m aiH 44 . ■ » ;. ^ -r - - • ..rw-a «■» V.xiM 71 Ui...tr.iii 1 ' l.t.l li»l«T \lia ' il' ...liu r\ ViUrta K> A lrr>(iituin Cu l,>4 U'llilmdcr .\lt« >.%,r. l...'* -«"tii» N.» I IVvniit'. I^itrh r.»lhf'ry. I j-itrh r 1 -^THii- IWlfvu^ rWllery W**-* I mmilmn t*ti\ifr\9ti to. Lid Hl«irTT!. ■ \lfii N>i. '2 vntti IViiiMiri |.i>llirr\ liil* rttttt hhimI I i«i A Cukp (Vt . l.lil , t'ok'ntur. Vll.-i N.I I num.. Mh'lM-i roili.rv ( romM I Pui <'(«t U» . Mietwl. U.C. \.. : n.in.- Mirhrt rMlwry «'mi«.nf«t I'lwx •'•ml !'<• . Mirhrl H.C Itiiti ol tiiiiii- I'mi < »\rr Iwir w-n-*-!!. I J" uprniiino .VI nrnk* '»! lump lin«f ^i ^l»*k" .M nut ft.(.i...w*liltHK -^t...!!*-.! ^■^mi "\. J' ( .;klntf ■MTi'-m ll\».r i* •criH-n mhI iHrkinc 1^1 Hi". ».f nun*. i< ■« riim-. Uicbfl .i^lhrry (^rowniM^t I'lww i'i)«Jl'o,, Mirhd. H.C. Nr> i -^-am Houth HoFinrr Minr* LtU . Hn-mrr. H (' Xu. n ««in MMitfa. Hannrr Winn. U.J lioiavr. B.C. 14'o»l ]mmt^ nvrr T «n«f*v »n.i nirkmi Itell .Vi f»M't lim(r '<' uiil ivkiuii Iwli :U fwi luan .^"•tetF ptekrd oat >t MHlill .j^lMt pirknluul «( lirliill \u 2. nine. CoaH *!<>.. W. 4 txi».*i»«rt IVw«(V»iro !.i<1,, Femw, B-C. .No .". mil.. < i«iH>iT-k. t'nin^mwt tVvCaaJCo.. Ijd . i rniitf B*'. Nil, I or I Hd mum. H. W. McNeil Co . Ltd.. ('auBiun-. .Uta. rhuupni 111 T -hakluic ^n^li aii.I |him«..1 t.vrr 7' ft (lirkinic iMhlr . - , . , l>uin|ml mi 2* iliakiii( xtmi ami lanxil over 70 fl |>irkin| l»hle IDttnpxi oo • tnuly. lump (im over ■ |»rkinic talihi. Ifam ia ramixnl wHh tuu-l. .-■■•I Kaiikhead nilhrrv Htuiktirwl Mto Lul.. HwiUiraa. .Uta- . . Kk.iU* ta no faa^i pen eOBl and 00 ha|P> aal dii«t brMiurttoa. umok nrtlirr marF tiwn 9 per Br^urtlM. Bankfarad raiUrry. Hatikhml .Via-* IM.. B anl ilMn d, Atta. .Irwfl -ram. \o I: !(at HoirMmin. \'o.2: Xiddlr«lwn>niUierr, Nioola Vallev Couj .u ..krt'n. Cautlee.B.C .Mixturv of 140 )«|» fraoi No. I and 10 haffi fram U... I jCoal fiiwil '>Tpr I )* wraea and piekiiic table. KrUincton vain U Hiinictai CoUiery i'a.. Ltd.. CumlwrlaiHi. B C. Tpfjer ^eain So. I niiiH . V^e-t«ru Kuel to.. Ltd.. Xaiuumo. B.t* I^iwer »iUD \" 1 mini- 1% extent Kud Co.. Ltd . Nanauna. B.t' Taal pamnj "Trr 2* !L.>nim and pteliiig table XI feet laa« Luai-r win .Ni> 4 and No .' riuae. Coiuii eotlivn Wrlliaiitan tMlirry l'«. ! M IX a i te fWr-* B.C.. . Muture o< 7W\ txHUida friMu .No < with Ul(» |Mjuinl> ffuiii No 7 niine JxnceTMiani No. 4aniN« 7 RnaK.CaaMKsaUiery. We ffiimaa Ualfcryt o , Lu. ' .jiiibrrlaad. B C. _ .Sui,tBwh tniiir Partin IVavt Coal OOk, Ijd., Alot bajr. Vaatmnw i I Mil I U . SUMMAKY I KCORD OF ~ - • 7 H lu ! Vohllilf ' M«lii.r 1 S^ 4U u It 1 II Mtwiitn- Til • <*l K« linnl u U 11 l,^ \«ii 18 IT l» II) .>ii 1 .«! ' Cwl »- l-iri..| [MT l'..ril...ir -"I 11 IVr .■«.( Il, '.ti.i. UmW 1 IVrllu.ii IJ».. • l.t. 1 32 t I 31 S 19 9 24 U 33 i 28 3 »> 5 -►.' 1 "Ir i""*^ ' 17 4 IS 7 1 IS 1 i 18 2 18 1) In : 18-2 II. s 18* 18 7 IS » ^ 18 4 15 9 I HI It*" , 14 7 1 15 3 15 7 IS « 1.-. 4 1.1-8 15 3 1.14 i 18 3 1 16 5 .■1 ■".,.11. ISr II. ...r 1 .in'. I.,l h.r M.H-i'iri- I.I., I.7.IH 1 7;t.-. I.»tl2 1 N«:i l.itlMI 1 -.'!.> 1 1 V|, iv. ll...,. 1'. ^ r,ii:, ii..,l 1 1.1 ;'l.' 1 1.1- 2 11., 1 2,IKill .' IH-i 2 .'I'll 1 ,«:«. i.iwi 2 u 1 2 iKi 2.ii'i.l 3. 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I wilt . -iiittk.. r,illii.| ilfi.,. riirk, , flu, K .-in.lir-, .„|, I I. -l,Hkli,| (m .iil .Hk.. . loulli .iii.ik,' nilli,-l ili-ii-,- I lll.k.l l.iir.l. r .,,.,1 ,.,„,; , K. - III,,,, \,, :;; ,:,;,, 1,^ ^ri.l, <,lllKl,l.t, -mnkP lnlHv Wll^ riiiik,-- ,,;i,,l, h.nvi ,„„| ,i,|ii,.,, ,, ,11, 111 .i,iui I .il, .linkiiiir tnu rwilrt i»> u;* r -,1 .„n..l.l, fur ,. I. .kini .in,!,., i-nki. „ l,lll.^ "f.iir .„ „, ,l..m. »i„i ■ ■.,.,k,.. Iir. I.iir- win, J'".i.r ,,„, ..iir,l.lmu»h-..,„|,|„„„r, . .rl..it.,l,lm,„l,f llm-k f,„. ri,„k., m l„.r,l ,. - .(..I,.. ..,„fv ,.n,v u7r. ..k,., m,|„.,. Uilh . ,.r.,„„|,,.„. .nk.': fir,. 1,,.^ will, l' ».r -|«.- t iiiikrr ifi itiHt tiriid !»ytr t-u-^ii^ rtrnnVf-t , (jur 'iii' .t -fnokf MinUr^iMt .umI... ,h ,. ,:i.,\ .-i . ntn ! t- u^.,| . -h:.l.i(.K?r,.t*-:-.'...ii.„k. irU ll«i.i,. a,,.! l-fimti L-uvk .iiiol .- rtiiikri l.iu.l -f,.tl«tiii; trt'i- (••Ml).! I" w.l wtth mi. hni,- ■rn.iki' Hurl Iav4r -i* i link, t -tl.kn.k: lo .r> uitlli r-l. i ,mH .r., w-i vtTV -.ui" i- -hukiiiK jfrntc ik> *inuki- » l.iik.T y: r\ -i-H kii.t .-zi-r, n-t)i,.v..| ^.-rv su" ■ ,■ I-t -litikif-i: tcmtf nt> »*tnttki < link*-. ,1, tHfKr -n;- ;«iniii- luMip.. -T.Hili'li' ri.r il-'n^ trmlH lUif ^iiiokf < UnV, ' -,,.. ttd.t -H-x r.. ,vta..v.- VI rv -uti;ihl. • -tkiriK i;r:,;i-. rnucli !l:iini ;ir,i H,„,.kf ' i.nkiT [fni'.ii-til'^ .■iihI.t- \'T« -iitiHi.'f for ^h.,- i k! irmi. tn i-h -nrnkt- t linker thm uuni an.! a-iLi-rt-iit ilfii^. --iiioki- t iiiiktT i.iini jKui H'ilifrchi. Tiifiiniti -iniokt* !!.i,r>l. ln-ji- \ :in.i ».Um n'nt ('ln.l.'*r '" ( '.' tkf ^Nirt.ii.- :vii.| .-n^ih iT'iviij -i.itftM*. f. -hitKiti^ grate -■•\ iliuirr !»»■ .. ! .M'!. t-ir.i-.! .!rtnc( t ,' m >>^ii Mitli ( -*> ?',*t^^^'*- • MM lb* Mai im additiin in «h* immmi ataMl wm vmt la alutlaa sad laaUiw 4k* *m». bal b i No. of No. ot Ca*l 35 fcta iM* ftto. I tor No. of Trial S2 Domiiiiaa No. 7. Hub mmb. DoniBioo Coal Co., Ltd., CUm* Bay, NS. 31 NaMB OV CaU4«V 4N» OOHTAin DnnrinwB No. 0, HariNMr i Doadnion OmI Co., Ltd., Ohea Bay. N.S. 34 Domuiiaa No. 1, Phalan mtm. DomiiiioB Goal Co., Ltd., CHaoc Bay, N.! 37 33 No. 10, Domiiiiaa Coal Co., Ltd., Oaat Bay, N.8. 12 30 No.SeaUiery. Nova Seotia Stad * Coal Co., Sydney Muiaa, NJ3. 1ft 31 Port Hood «oUiMy. Rie h mnn d Ry. Coal Co.. Part Hood, NA 24 OagB Pit nam, Albion ooUiMT- AeadiaOoal Co., Ltd., StaDartoo, N.8. . 36 Hain Aeadia. Aeadia Goal Co., Ltd., WartviBa, N.a . 23 Main DnamoBd eoUiaiy. IntaMoloaial Goal Co., Waatvilk. N.S. 10 23 No. 2 eoUiary. Camberiaad 1^. A Coal Co., Spffa^liill. N.S. 11 10 27 Jaggaw eoUieiy. Canada Goal * Ry. Co., Ltd., JoniiM, N.I U 11 29 Ki^a aH.ICiiclfiBte,N3.. 13 2040 Waatarn CoUiariM Ltd., 'nqrVirtim. U 2040 17 Weatwn DaaiiBiaa Ooffiariaa Ltd., "nigrkrtoa, Saak. 15 43 15 Parkdale Coal Co., Ltd., AMa.. 10 45 10 Standard Coal Co., 17 46 11 Stratbeona Coal Co., 18 43 12 (haada Waat Coal Co., Ltd., Tabar, Alta. . 10 44 18 QaH aoUiaiy. Albaita Ry. * Iirigatian Co., Ltd., Lethfarid|e, Alta. 30 40,42,43,44,46 16 21 48 14 Lcitek •ou.'jiy. LeiUA CoUiarita Ltd., Paariivig, Alberta. . 23 34 36 No. 3 wan, Deoiaaa eoUiMy. Intanational Coal 4 Coke Co., Cofeman, Aha . 33 20 35 No. 5 mine, IGdiel ooUiarT. Ctmrnaaft Am* Coal Co., Femie, B.C. 24 36 40 No. 5 mine. Coal Creek. CrowaaaatPaaiGoalOo., Femie, B.C. 25 37,30 42 No. 2 mine, Co^ Oeek. Crowaneat PMb Coal Co., Femie. B.C. No. 7 mine, IGehd ooUiafy, IGekal, B.C. 25 87 No. lerCHdi H. W. MeNeU Co.. Ltd.. Ghaman, Aha. 27 28 25 3311 38 No. lorOtda^ae. H. W MeNeU Co., Ltd., OHunote, AHa. 41 Bulkhead eoUiety. Baakhead Minea, Ltd., Bankhead, Alta. . S3i 13 Jews! M j gni , So. l^BstHois nam. No. SiS CtUiuUK H u cciltBiy. Hiccia Vaiiey Coal & Coke Co., Cooticc, B.C. 30 22M 25 Jewel eMun, No. 1 ; Rat Bulk laam. No. 2; l6ddlM«ion> ooUer;' Niroia Valley Oaal * Coke Co.. Oaatla^ B.C. 31 18 30 Upper eeam. No. 1 mine, aoutb nde, Weatani Fuel Co., Nsaaiaw, B.C. 82 17 19 MMrff9t HMIBf ftO> A BBnn I6VM> n'V tF«alCB.,Na ■ ij?(ii£ii; ■-,-;•'• ■».:ii. i-.L\ ^^?S^? iSnxK' v«*';Tfflr ,.\^ ^^t^OiA:^ £w .: 5 ^^ ^" — T«»ATi«irr AT VKK Mines. All Sampu* Wbm Ai«o Scbbbned Thhoi-ob 3 Inch and ()veb ) Imcm at McOnx UMircaaiTT e ■1 1 Date of Trial 7 DuratiM of Trial --. 1. ! Proxin l-u.-d Ci.rtKm c ' .57 ■ fi 526 5S-S 9 10 J " uate Analy w of Coal aa Charged Volatile Matter % Iso " 35 1 32. 6 f Aah Moiature 4-5-8-OB 15-16-»-«» Houn M M % 1 % 60 , 2-4 109 14 Over 21' dutking mtmii ud pickioK helt Over 2}* b«r BerMH and picking table Orer 1* aereen and |Ncking table. — Run of mine Owe 1' MrasD aod picking belt Over 1' nhaking aereen and picking lieli 1-2-4-00 17-lS-l-OB M M M 52-6 53 2 49-2 34-2 35-4 3.5.3 Ul 21 7-8 1 3-6 12.7 1 29 Run of mine 28-29-I-OB 34 5fl-3 10. 9 1 19 — H Over 1* soieen and picking belt lfr-l«~>-09 M Bl-fi 27. 5 9-0 1-9 — ^ Over I* aereen and pieking belt 25-ae-l-OB 38 62-7 1 24-0 120 13 Over J' aneen and pMing belt 21-2^-1-09 M \ 59-4 314 73 ' 19 > Over f aereen and picking belt | 18-19-3-OB M 1 4.5 34 4 181 2.6' Over f aereen, no pMking belt 2fr-a»-2-«B 34 ! 53 3 3«-7 .•!2-7 .•{2.S 1 12 7 1.3 16-17-11-08 34 7-2 23.3 Run of mine coal 4-6-l-« 19 32 2 43 3 11. 1 13. 4 lO-n-li^B 31 42-8 2M.7 11 2 173 Over abort bar aeren 1 J' ofieninga 23-24-11-08 20 i 4«0 31 2 76 16. 3 26-27-11-08 171 4M 1 309 ; 11 9 — , 16. 1 30-11-08-1-12-08 { M 44 .5 26-6 1 16. 3 I 12. 6 i 3-4-12-08 34 47-6 i 352 9.4 78 15-17-12-08 38 40-8 31. 1 29 2 9.6 1 18-6 7-8-11-08 1 34 51 I 18-7 10 Run of &ine coal ' 1 — ■ — — — ■ — — . 22-23-3-09 34 ■i6.4 24-4 181 11 18-19-3-09 ; 34 67Ji 251 60 j 1.1 DumpbagBfraaNo.landlObagafraaaNo.agane 8-S-3MW 34 46-9 36 9 1 120 ; 42 34 44-5 ; 40-3 13-7 1 .-. H Coal paaMMl over 2* acNaa and 35 ft. long fieking table ll-12-l-«0 33 . , 41-5 1 39.7 16.8 1 • 1 1 ^~ 8 ! i 9 10 't 1 1 ---.1 »l 1 Duration \ •I'ml j Hours 24 24 " S it I'roxiuiaU' Aniilvtw Kixcd Vohitilf C»rl)i)ii Maltcr % % 111 U of ('o;»i as rtmnfpti V\i Moist iin- 12 t'ttiorilic V'aluf oflOHl its * iiuret'd H.'I V. 13., 520 13,800 13.7(H) 13 Wi'IkIiI ■'■■ Coa! ( Iririti-d 1,450 1,400 14 i 1.-. 1 16 17 — ■( 19 20 : 1 Ki. IIS.. |{pfiii>ved 1 1 luring Triul Weight I'rux. Aiialyais 1 Average Depth of Kuel Ued AlM.ve tirifice 1 otai (iiU. US M.'lereil During Truii .Average Temp. of (;»► l.ea\iiig Producer 1 Averagi Higher Calorific Value of (iax ' ( .\s Mi'tered 1 Kv 1 Calorimeter V Coal Clmrgcii , l-'ivii; Volatile ; CarU.:! Matter a .s 1.1's. '<•:'%' Inches Ciihic Feet 79,240 "F. i 783 B.T r J'er Cub. Ft. 112-8 1 57 •« 350 52 fi 35 1 5(1 2 4 m 9 1 4 1.415 3^1 4 7 43 1,380 64 1 4-4 1.613 ] 67 ,i 7-7 40 1 77,530 785 110. 3 5.SS 32-5 f. 5 2 2 1.A50 420 i 81,840 716 116 3 it ;> it 24 24 21 21 52 H 34 2 ,53 2 35-4 49-2 35-3 5»i-3 30 9 11 1 2 1 r-s 3 6 12 7 2 S 10 9 19 I2.S40 13.1.8() 11.440 1 . 4.50 1.420 1 47 1. 3 6 430 .S2,.3.30 812 105 9 1 ,200 1.950 1.156 45 u 7-2 43.7 81,, 320 732 105 7 1,895 i .57-:) 5.4 ; 380 76,650 780 125-2 12.920 1,175 1,152 37s 43 42. 89,685 875 99-3 tilti 27-5 9-0 19 12 l> 1-3 1 13,600 1,450 1,422 ' 63 s 2 7 43 85,630 .827 99-8 23 62-7 24 59 1 31 4 12.780 1,100 1,086 ! 531 4.8 40 86,600 824 101-5 '•• 24 73 19 13,120 1,375 1,348 ! .53 s 6-0 1 i 42 87,535 757 100 7 24 24 450 34-4 1^-1 2 5 11,300 1,425 1,389 ! 43-0 5-8 420 80,530 769 105.5 53 3 32-7 12 7 •3 12,720 1 , 125 1,110 49 X 6-7 43-3 80,170 773 104-5 24 30-7 32 8 7-2 a-3 8,300 ! 1.625 1,247 ! Anaiy-is N ot Taken 35 71.595 .529 llS-0 19 .s 19 32 2 43 3 11 1 13 4 9,370 ! 1,475 1.278 .38 1) 9-8 1 340 59,200 529 124-2 24 2(1 42 -.s 2,s-7 11 2 17-3 .>;.940 9.010 j 1.925 ! 1,261 1,590 28 B 8-4 39-6 75,375 594 128-1 4H0 31-2 7 5 15-3 1 ,070 Ansh si- N ot Taken 44 60,135 ' 517 124 5 s )^ )S 24 41 1 30-9 11-9 ) Hil 9.010 1 , 132 9.50 ! 27 t> 6-5 40 ,59,018 581 124-3 44 5 2(< >i 16 3 120 9,650 1.725 1.508 1 47 7 5-7 43 5 77,705 557 124 1 21 47-6 .35 2 i>-4 7-.S lo.soo 1.550 1.430 31 :■■ 91 47 8 74,603 572 128-3 IS 2K 408 31 1 6 IS. 6 8.9(H) 12.120 2,365 1,700 1,325 1.375 9.j() 4.2,VI* 1.922 40(1 90 35 1 ,s6,760 524 131-3 r 19 K) (9 Xt 24 24 24 24 100 51 1 29 2 IS-7 \-0 1,683 .5(1' 3-3 40 81 .840 743 108-0 .5fi-4 24 4 18 1 11 11,590 1.310 29 J 4-2 41 7 .^6,a80 7.39 102 3 1 fi7 N 25- 1 fi2-7 '.'-ve 60 11 10 9 <* 13.330 13,370 1,380 62 fi 3-5 43-3 86,, 535 710 104 I 942 .33 1 61 43.8 93,100 725 100-2 f (>4-64 24 ■S2 9 -,57 0-97 13,. '8(1 13, 1(H) 13.120 12.9,50 11,340 4.207* 60 7 5 3 41 () 1 396,810 730 95-6 24 23 70 o 13 6 130 0-9 12 3 0-7 i,;i.io Wil 1,125 2.075 1,339 5,-* 7 31 43 7 91.i)95 706 916 70 3 16 7 955 .38 H 5-8 32-7 90.94tt 772 90 7 m m 24 777 11 4 9-9 10 1,114 46 2 4-4 41 3 ,8X.460 699 107 24 24 i ^■* 47 ;, 36-2 12 8 ! 3 2 2,009 64 7 5 7 40. 1 72.. '{.So 740 132 3 46 9 36 9 44-5 40-3 12 4-2 13 7 I .-, 10-8 20 11.220 12.640 1,3.50 1 ,292 48 I. 2-8 42-8 400 42 17 ; 89,1,50 848 106-8 n 1,3.50 l.XiO r)6 1' 70 1 72,795 o,56 130 9 09 ! 22 41-5 39 7 12,220 12 1.675 13 1.640 6.- f 6-2 63,0.50 6.34 138 3 7 S •■ 9 1 10 ,1 14 1,-, 16 IS 19 20 : ,?'T^'' ;*-'-<'^ -;. A5'i.. . *■■•■ ii-^ -:,.£' Am^^^ ^^- JG'':-}y " -r:e*jiy* M .-■V*. 21 22 Avenue I (.'ttlorifif ; V^aliif of (riw 111 IMrr. arn) , 117I,Ih. S). In , By ' (BloriiiK'tor A voraite I.uwor Calorilir Vuhif ('oliiiiiii 21 forn-ii..! from |;.i> Hiialj'M si 1. Per b. Ft. BT r. Per Vuh. Ft. B.T.r. IVr Cul,. Ft. 12 S 115-7 Km 5 10-3 IIB 4 107 3 16 3 1200 110-0 05 9 lOS-9 100 3 05-7 lOH 3 OK 25-2 125 116 1 99-3 102-7 93 « 99-8 101 3 91 9 101-5 106-0 97-7 UK) 7 104-0 93-8 105.5 107 2 98-9 104-5 l(i8-2 ; 98-3 llS-0 122 4 112 7 124 2 128 3 , 117-4 12«-1 1300 119-5 124 5 129-5 j 118-ti 124-3 130 2 119 124 1 131 1 120 128-3 134-0 ; 122 4 131 3 133 8 1 122-2 108-0 112 2 103-9 102 3 ' 105-8 97 3 1 104 I 110 2 102 3 100-2 103-6 95-2 95-6 98-9 89-9 91 6 97 9 89 •» 90 7 95 4 .87-2 107 UIO 102 I 132 3 , 136-4 122-9 106 8 107 9 99-3 KW 9 1.35-4 124 :-> 138-3 142 1 130 4 20 ' 21 22 TVBLEXXXIII SUMMARY RECORD^FGASPRODUCER TESTS. -.•3 2» 2.J i 2t; 27 > 21) 30 31 32 .'O, '>. c;o Average Anulyaii of tJasby \ olanie H, CH. C.H. X. lU-9 8 10-0 4 10-1 10 8 12-5 11 11-8 0-8 0-4 4 II 4 11 8 10-7 11-9 11-2 11 4 10-5 8 11 9 10-8 11 4 11-7 10-4 9-2 117 11 0-7 5 12 0-8 112 10 2 12-2 10-4 12-5 11-4 13-7 U-0 12 I 119 116 12 4 'A, 3-2 3-7 3 3 2-7 3 1 "fHT :iiiclion at Prrklucer Inches of Wslei \V.T,IK.' M-ai. Ell Vv -iir,- < ', lirwi.-r Iiiilii-ator) AveraKi' B.ii.r .^V(•r;nr'■ It.ll.lV ,\,-t 1 Corr. lor (C.l :(2 (ia-^ llioHII OfT I^sM I'owvr l-or .Anxiluir It ' 1 0.2 2 00 1 62 5 63 4 10 16 62 4 62 8 59-0 1 0-8 S.,, In^ 09 6 70-1 67 1 (il-6 25 2 26 3 26 2 21 2 22 3 22 2 25-2 2-8 2 6 3 1 3 5 0-4 62-1 1 61 *i I 1-5 0-2 , 11 2 63 1 ! 15 0-2 61 9 2-2 2 liO-rt 9 70 3 68-2 61 6 62 3 64-5 (as 28 4 29 2 2: 8 26 5 27 1 24 4 25 2 27 7 12 1 10-6 6 13-7 12 1 9 15-05 11-6 1-0 13-3 11 02 1 11 16 12 11 53 10 9 12 11 I 1 S-9 11-7 9-8 12-9 12-72 12 1 0-6:j 62 4 65 0-42 0-36 2-0 5 0-5 5 41 0-5 14 5 15-07 14 -as 12-79 13.46 14-38 11 4s 14-0 12-9 13 76 150 15 22 2-7 3 1 3-75 3 6 1 2 0-00 1 63 3 60 8 1-8 10 57 12 3 3 67 2 tiO-8 »15 2 56 4 73-1 3- 3-68 3-3 0-05 00 5-72 15 55-71 1-8 0-02 54-6 1-0 14-74 11 98 10 3 12 3 13-7 11 U -08 000 .56 73 1-5 ■•S7 10 56 51 1-0 61 1 54 5 1-1 f.1 7 67 68-7 70 8-0 4 1 11-7 9-9 12 M 2 4 2 6 •} .-> 12 95 lis 2 21 2 3 0-1 1 1 00 0-07 0-1 66-6 20 61-3 6;< 4 60 S 1-2 11 II 13 2 0-6 il-7 I 2 10-74 5 10-8 1-2 10-5 ; 6 10 6 119 12 -S 13 1 11-8 12 .) 2 1 0-1 110 11 7 116 10 10-7 11-9 12-5 2-2 ») 4s 2 8 59 9 ! 1-6 62 11 61-6 1-3 ■j-o 68 600 4 3 4 6 2 11-5 0-6 57-5 62 6 2-3 2-5 17 60-6 61-0 23 24 26 28 2-7 17 ;«) 67-0 64 2 63 ■ 5 ,^>7 8 6f; 5 .56-5 .")5 9 5> 17 69 4t) f>8 9 67 - SA 28 2 27 7 29 7 31-3 :«)-7 29-6 34 8 29 5 30 4 30 3 25 -S 25 7 25 7 25-8 27 • 7 23-8 24 2 26 3 23 ■ 8 2'' 1 29 - 30 3 32 22 ■ 8 22 5 22 1 23 7 24 2 23 7 26 2 28 -s 28-2 26 I 31 3 26-11 2h 9 27 -s 22 3 21 7 21 7 21 ^ 21 3 198 2ii •■ )\ . -, jii ;i I'l t 2-) '■ 26 -H .« I llMUliI Pi-r Hour l.l.> till t 58 3 ('■» 7,'i IMt 1 50 O 81 -J.-, 49-11 till t 47 s .-.7 i .VI 1 4tl ^ 67 7 ^l I 2 631 1 (i:: 7 :i '1 1,1 '. s) .') I.' ". •'■1. J II - 76 I .14 39 4U 41 12 13 I't s,. It I ll;.| H,..i IVrlluiir l.hi-. I") 1 I I <: i: J I.'. I 12 r. 2(1 .5 12 2 15 I II !l 1 1 :i 14'.» 117 It) <1 1^1 4 2(1 1 I.". > l.",.ii 1^11 KM 21 I ir 7 Lis 14 ;i !< (I iii'i; 111 l(i..> II 7 .'! '. I'll 1411 lW-0 35 I '.in, r.t I-. !' I' tir<.-. V-r II,,,- l.l» 2-4(1 2-21 2 ri;< 2 .W 1 7(i 2 7s 1 Vi 2-2S 1 T« 2 07 2 11 1 t>» 2 IN 2 »s 2 ni 2 i:j 1 sy 2' 42 2 13 2 7(1 2 71 2 U * CfJl' I'ff li U.I' I'.T lln.r i-l),.. 2 S,T 2t)l :i!(j 2 W. 2 (l.i a -22 2 1.5 2-tix 2 IR 2.42 2-45 |.9S 2 ■ .i,s 2 7!) ' iiul.ir.l ■ ■■u- .at '1 7 \.\.,. -.|, In.. ! CO"!- I . Hour Standard tins IVr I.h of ( oul .•"tCHMi ti.std Per 1.1,. of I '.ml Wat,.. tVr LI, .>f Coa! KSii'ii ncv i>t Piwiucer B.T.r. In biiHtd on C17 2 .M 2 t>4 1 sj i ii 2 .•<6 1 72 1 7s ■:, fA 1 '.*> !ss 2 52 36 2 M 2 (17 1 'K 4 ■.':i 2 1^ 2 S4 37 (Jft8 waslipr gave ti^)iil,l. IH |Kiuiid» of tnr ivnioved; ..-ngine valviw in ^ < ian wavht-r Uown thmiigl, miiIc wteftiii ft timefi; kun delivered to atmoHphe (ias washer blown throiiel, nitli »t«Mn onw; 137 pounds of t«r removed .Sawdu.1t sen ,er uned ii nhiie of ftax washer: 97 pounds of tar remove 23,200 (hui wajiher blown tliroUKli "itli Kteaiii 4 times; S3 pound.i of tar remove^ 31 ,703 Utu^ wanher found to Iw (..'ic ki'd with tar at end of trial and wa» rieaned .i,,510 i,6<)5 i.512 .i,3(M 2,h75 :;,ill9 :!.0,SG .■,.SM(I :i,17.T ;;,06.'> 2,97,-) :<,050 .•!.2MI 3,470 ,i , 40X ;', . 7,'iO 3,5S,S 73. 7 22 .3.5 53 3 68 2 14 26.fi 393 7.^.5 19 3« ,S 57. K 2r.,650 Ver>- little trouble from tm ,,r clinker; 7 pound.s of tar removed from wes 31 .010 ! (ia» washer eleaiu-d with -t. iini twiee: pipes cleaned out twice; 35 pounds ei.5 55. e 17 1 ,5 29.6 25.3 43-8 22,493 i Steam used in gas waili.r no trouble from Ur; 45 pounds of tar remov 27. leO I Uas washer blown throiinh wiili steam 5 times; 3,3 pounils of tar remove (19 42 h 19 2S.I 48 6 53 1 23,840 I Gas washer blown througli ivuli steams time.-.; 41 poimds of t.ar removH 21.497 ; Gas warhor blown throUKJ, rtith steam 4 times; 119 |>ouudx of tar reiuo\ 163 57. S 1,S,924 j Very little lar foraied; sIikI,! tendency of fuel to arch; tire poked 5 ti 3.S 8 38. 5 00 U 1 48.8 23 240 ' No tar rejiioved; neither ca.~ washer nor .sawdust serublwr used: 2 houn 15. B 51 4 45 7 49.8 42 6 0-8 13 2 19.fi se 6 tio- 23,330 \'o car removed ; neither ;;».- washer nor sawdust .wrubbcr used; lire pok 20,470 No difficulty from lar; fire ^l.owed a Undency to clinker and was poked : ^^■'*^ . No difficulty from tar: tin. 3 ■26 () 39 I 29 5S.5 94 7 90 4 17 l.R -|- ^•■^*" tJ"* w»»her shut down for 3 Lours for cleaning; much trouble from tar 1 -^ ® ^ ' I ^'t.'^OO Gas washer blown througi *ith. steam once; 45 pounds of tar removed ; 24 ~ 4o ■^"^ I ^'^ washer blown through v. -a » earn twice; 50 pounds o. tar removed; 2 8 35 9 67. 6 ^ *^ I Total tar removed 24 poiii„i~ from wet scrubber; coal showed a tendency 2 6 3,76(1 :t,55^ted ten days; fire i.aiikcd at night ; gas washer used for ti days on ^'^^ I Ga» washer steamed once; 17 |>ounds of lar removed from wet scrublwr; 2-9 36 5 60 22,566 75 S .33. s 2 4 25 6 59 8 23,000 Gas washer blown througl *ith nieam twice; 20 pounds of tar removed f Neither gais washer nor sawdust scrubber used; 6re poked 3 times . 14 10. 5 36 6 OS 2 52 2 36 .', 17 27 51 5 ii<^'^ '. The gas washer and blowpr *ere badly clogged with tar; the engine valv ^'^"" ! t«« washer s;eamed three 'imes; total tar collected, 30 pounds; engine » G«» wather blown through with steam once; 48 pounds of tar collected; ( 23,760 1 2 21 5 39 30,790 39 40 41 42 43 Trouble from tar in gas wa.siier and on engine valves; 17 pounds of tar 1 44 45 Hkmakk* l.iut- v»^v>^ i" «ooI.i'iI ,':> liinoi aHrleanedjmlmeam 4_tim™.70j^^ ^,^.^- j^ ^j^^, ,.<,„dai„„:7i;,-,^;~,-- ~; d from we^t serubber; tire |)oked 10 tinier 55 poundM o f tar removed; 6rc did not areh or elinker and wa« poke,! Har removed: enpne valves were in good condition; fire poked 11 tin.^ lar removed from wet scrubber and 1 pound from gnu waiher; fire pok. ■«r removed^ engine valves slightly tarred; tire did not arch or cUnker F tar removed; fire poked 12 times ~ »ked 5 times times; engine valvea in pimi rondiliim :ii em! of trial Si times; engine valvo in j(i«kJ iiindin.in ul eiul ;»s |H>ked 13 times . d; 2 hour» Morv the end the lafHe brick broke eausii.g a high suetic*: lia>i)oked4iimes d; lire poked 11 tiraeB vas poked 5 times iker a little; tire poked twice. ■m clinker; (ire poked 11 times . a;^washerjior_Kawdu>tsc rubl.erused; fire pok ed .s tim^P^ while_nm„.„, '.hese^ures do not mdude coal for bitnlJ from tar at engine: 2t) [Miimds removed from wet scrubl- r; fire pol : .'5 times. .~ ng find KtHrting (551) llw.i removed; fire poked 10 times ■ removect: fire poked 12 times . a tendency to clinker slightly: fire poked 7 times • ti days only ; e ngin. valves free from tar at end ; fire poked 3or 4 tin;,- dunn7^7h d^s'run oTTi^Th^rr scrublier; no arch or clinker formed. f,re poked s times ~ — - i r. .s •■! ■' ..i It) , .\ 12 . \ !•< < 11 1 _ .1 15 ■ 1 1'' i: .,! 1^ ..! 10 removed Inim wet scrubber; the engine valves were dry and sticky «' he end; firt> poked 7 times engine valves a lso were sticking, engine being stopped once: fire p>iko,: ihout ever>- 40 minutes. s; engine valves clean at the end ; fire poked 6 times ~ collected; engine valvec tarred up; fire poked 27 times . ids of tar collected from wet scrubber; fire poked 17 times 44 45 'Me^. uWt't"tt 'tt *"i*i to ■ttf iiunsM' "' » I ri:.l *l'll I' >lJMMAMy HKCtRI. ..f BOaKH TIM I I I I'. Ill IT l» I'.l ■.V •-•I ft .'t It .1 I \ »M» ■■► ' ' . 1 imi II •-'11 ',v ll.ilr.l I \:i : II ir> M':UI' I >i >tUir i' \~ ."itl il.'UMIiUX. Ni- r II >r *I1U|I I'.HUtfittXl < 'lilli •'<• 1-tt! t.'.lf Mn>. N * AT i'tt!Mjiiht'. %<■ "t. lKrl-»"tP ••■HIM !><»r!iinn>i. » HI. t ■> , I 't *-!»•■• \in\ N- lUi l*»»t' '»! Nt. I llvikii »«kni l*wiiin»»tn* "niM'.i , l,tti ttlwi- lln\ , N * ■ I li..iH'r ..iM \ . |i ^.nlr'^ -^wlli IV.inii.iiir I .in; li. I lil c llif.- Il:i> \» t.j I init.i). -fi \.. 1" I rii-rv ^lun il-mmih ti I <»i»i i *• f.t-l ' lUrt Ivn', \> .'1 N,i I ...llwr-. N..\« ■*.'ifl« llnilr,, Sv,tr„n Mir.- \ .- J-. V. I .-.111, n N..I.. -. . lu «'c- ,v t .-iii . Invi'nn~« N ■> ■_> 111 w nil -■ .'.'lilpn *ninH"-ll> .\ f .m. • .. Ii..'f...- N- ."I I'ln H...«l ..ilii..'> K' ti'ii.rii I H> I .ml I .1 . I'.irl ll.«>t \- :;,! I',,rt H....I ' Id. 1,111.111.1 U. (.««(■. l'..tt il». I \- Kl M\ I'Hit ^ :il! V jii*. T'lliMTV \ 'lit:.' ..nil*.' I M \' « t .l:i !.'">* N ■. • I - V I .It ,!,i: \.»|. ..illUTl \ 1. Iiu' . ■. 1 .• I'.l , N. ,■'.;;.-.!..>. \ * Ji, I iHir I ii.r Mill, •"ml .-.i,..r\ \.-i.l... c ».l I .. , l.ul " ili.r'.i . V - r Tliir.i .i»ii' \. \. Ti.ii» rii»irull»r1iiii S~ :i ; hlr.l .cui. \-.i.i. > \.i.,l!»<'.«il( .1 l.i.l ^t,-;i.ir...|; N> |N lMt.|-i-iMi \|i.i,.li •.illl.-'> \.-u.ii:.r».l (•.)!. 1.1 ~i, ;;,, •!.... \- 1 u;.. I'r -•■. \,l.|.ill r.>lliiT> \.:..|.:i I .«! 1 .. It.t M.;iar!..i. N- 11 Ma.'. ..Ill \.ti.li.l ■ .::..'•■ \.-:Mlial r.]l'.i 1.1,! .>.-n-.i. N^ M:i 11 \ -ii,, M ii.U,.r\ .Vili.l.il .M.l .. . 1.1 1. U,-'\,:i. \- \1,.: .,11 1.1,11, 1111.11,1 c.llK.n li.:,.n-.il,.i iiiM ,iiil Mllili."! .. " i • .il,- N - \|.,, ..r,, I ir.m.iii.iii.l i-,ini.-r\ liil--it ot.nunU'.w! Mijiuii: t .> Wi^r-mlt- .N ■ I M., , ,; |.r iii.li.l .1 ■■ .TV I". r..i,|..|iiiil( .,1,1 Mn,llilf I .. \\.-ti,;|.' N- II \., _ . .!• ( ,|i,,i . r-,',,i I.' .vr,«i:.',, |.| -pr.hk'hili. N ■- 1.; \ . _. r,,iiii« r .u.l l( .V I .mil ,, I', I -|,r.iicl,,ll. \ - I'l \., .i , ., ,1, ( , I ,11:,! .r,a!i,i 1: \»,iiii<, 1 1,1 .'•iiririRl.il.. N > I'll \.. I 11,11111. 1 .j.„l-rli.i,it K\ vV'.ail.. I.ul '|,ni.Kiii!; .\ ^ l'l,,|[ll.,I'l •'•■ l,.r M ,■ IKTl. I ,,..1 K. Al'DlHTl., l.l.t.ll.ii 1 , ". ~ |."i ( i.iiri. >•,•,. i,,il:.-i M:i-i'iii:»-l ■lil ; ., , .V I'.,.* I r,. Il.l , I l;iin.-. •! \- l.i Mil. u.Im- .1.11.1 r\ Mil. . 1 1.1., lit l.i>.iH.'«ri N- IJ .Mln,.,|l.- i-.llJ.-rv Mi.i.i.i... I ,»ir.j I.t.l . ti.^.- lli-l*ri. N^ i-.' ,),c£in- .•■..:.h:a ( nMuUil ,.11. * Itv.'.i i '•! ■'■■ N- Jl l..gi,.i:i- ,i,!lii-r'. ( ana. la 'Villi * liv I 'i. I'.l l<. '■ " .", Kill* - mir.c :« H Mng. Mmtu .\ b 1 K im- ■ii.ii. - II '■■■ K M.i.ii. N 11 I 111 * IWi S I .1 . .11.1 iKiti I i\..r jr 'hrikitin •. rti-.i ,ti,.| |.!. kina U'tl ■V'T «*t* l,Hr m '.^.1 iki,,l |...'kii,c (ni,if 1 ivft I* wrvi 1. 41, .1 (.1, kiiiB i,*i.!. liver i" i.iir. HI.. I (...'kilu I***!! 1 ivrr r .'.■rt.' '1 111,1 (.l.'k.iit Ih-ii 1 ii.r r .Kukii.u • I. .11 All. I i.i.'kinx lioU 1 iv.'i J' ..lutklliu !..'rtni ult-i fill kiliif In'Ii . Ki-r )• .. ri'.l. li.i.' [.l.kll.B Ull . i\,i 1. 1, 1,11,1: li.li ..nU Kill] ,,1 Initr . ..I.. Ii.-alii|.l.-l N,. I ...111 Hi*. lilt- 111 tr:iii uiirt'ittl'i. .11. iw.-u nt 1)1 ..ir..T in 4wii(iliiiu I{11|. ..t Mill,, ii\(., r ., riM-l III,. I [.Irklnii U-lT l.\.-r I' -iTii-Il ah. I (..,'klliii Ult 1 1\. t i' -,. .1-1-1. HI. J pickinie Ih-Ii 1 Ivrr i" ..■r»..-tl lUl.l pil-klUf l.*-lt Han. I (.1. k.'.l iMHiiiil*- 1 ixer i' .H r.-i'n i»n.l pifkiiiic ** |I«U< 111 Irml 3i-;. III im III IKl III mi III mi III i«i III ikl III mi III mi Hi Ikl III ii.% f'.IIUI.Iil* XllMlV-.- l-Ki-il \,.,ai,i. I nrU.li Mait*-i Micl , .17 » .Wi I ,M ". .M » .VI s .^7 A ^1 4 .VI .1 ;a .1 4U H .M II <•> :i .'ii J .VI .VI < a 4 M A J7 7 M « M ft w i » « M » .W 1 :iO It .17 4" in ." 1(1 II 411 II *3 ^ 17 1 3; « .a I :» ;« :u a 3V .H ■if. i 311 .S 4 '1 J 7 Ii tt II I ■'» ^ 7 i -r ' ivi-r i Hi-rt^'n ari.l pickinjc h»-! iUrt |~ mnvtU. liu ^.kii.|( lietl IL'-7-(i7 l-B-IW a4-«-- •■4 s (M N m h lU 1 SM 5 VI - j.l . I .W II 4.- T 4'i ■ 4S-S .11 7 44 s M « 32 i M H 31 4 2fl 24 7 2-> 7 25 .-I ;»2 :i :i:i 1 :w .'. 34 7 tl II II S 1 s A 7 III. 4 (I A 14 H III II n'r a « II < 14 7 U K I.' I III •. M J « 2 14 S 14 .'. II .! 1 1 1 • 2 - i ' I •■ •J .1 .1 :i 4 2 5 1 21 I » 1 • 2 » 1 .'. t-t I 2 :ia-7 ;|7 :i Mi 6 SKI 32 2 34 ."1 ; > II . .' .' .s .1 :i 4 13 :' :i 'I •.) I :>:i IS 5 2-t> 111- 3 '. IM 11 .* 1' 10 .T :t 1 .' -.1,1 J 'laii 1 1(12 ;i iKt :i iti! I IJ ■ • 'III 1 117 '1 1 .v.« :i..VW -I :r'l 2 *»:! . 7l'I «2li tt i-idlii llr> . 7711 . H,S» -• 7t4 .i itw 2 7h9 a, mm ;i.tiw I nh t S2II •1 wn I .V.4 11.'. I 1.-.- w U..(l . \.-l, ..-.,1 »...,M |ir II, V-l, . link -r 11 liri 1 ,.„1 ^.^-.l I'. II. ..,1 .' M)l> ■.'.rt»i7 2 , 775 ■>.?»* ^i_i._ !4 -1 3 4 7MI -■ '1><' > i!i7 J Ii M .' .5«l i .5WI 2 SH4 ■J Ml 2 ><17 ...'.I'l 2,.V»7 i . 1 • -1 l»7 : '.i.v, . . s4;i ■i II HI :i .H2.'S 2 '.(7a I 2.072 .-i,fi»,H :i,..a8 :j .(44 i.im l.Mii.'j a SOI .1 :«)7 :(.7M :i.;<4B 3.222 ,*. tttj 1*. ifctl* J 93>r 2 -.Kti /.-■ 1-- I 2. 2> I 2' I I... I-- 1 a. :i.27T 3.-471 71 I III I II III IJI 1 1: si I'm .'. 2 'I s .1 II » O ft 11 H II I.' .' 'I 7 14 3 III ;l 11 u HI I) 12 7 lit! s .' s I 12 I 11.11 7 « I . 17 i.'il l>( ii|i) 17 '1.1 1 17 i.rm 1S.2IH 17 722 ! . I.,l I'l ».ll Is, IT.. Ill l«.l |S.Sl» ,r mi, 1; 411.. I» 271 is ^V Is.lKll 17 .!.'» 17 1. Is .'• I- '.'•. .'•»'- II 277 II .mi , 117 as I I'l l.'i7 H7 IT Vf4 I.S lt»l ■'• 1. 1^ 117 "11 1: s4t, ^ I Is. 2(17 11 2 1S,2C4) 7 I 17.!»Sll 12 2 17.h2,1 12 7 l7..Vi: 14 s IS. 233 s 2 17.IMI II " •'4 17 2IJ.> 2s(i : 2V| :il5 -•M .12s ., 2S7 II ,iXI s 31fi fl 39)! -0 327. 7 367 11 2H2 II iS.-'T') ..iiii .s"^ 2'<7 I) I'., I I', I I. .• I I, .' I» I II. . ," I 21 I 1» .1 21 J 1» 5 21 S 16 S IS 2 17 1 I ,r..| ,., r. , II,,,,, 1 «., I-. I ,.rr,-,-..., I'., ((.„., '.r..i. !■ ■ II.. I . 1; I. IT ,' ir .. ^1 " a. . .'I 2(' .'I 20 ;• M..,.. „.- ■It .'1.' 1 ' ' -1. I' f.n. l*,4ilK. 1 1 1.1. - IM p.r \ Is 1 ,11.' -' 11*1. 27 ll~ 1 1 :v. ■ ij.' M III : 1 Ts.'. J 12. .12 ' 1 , , 1 77'. 2 111*. Ml 1 !. >, 1 -1 1 1 'u. an 11- 1 1 :i.i - ,.1*1' .11 1 ;s. 2 '.'I xt II.-. , — - 1 ••.. 2.2:1s -911 111- 1 ..,| 2 l:i'. .l.l ||«. >. 1 «.ii .'..■".1 -•.2 Ill 1 s71 2.22., Is III- 1 7.-.II 2.11^1 211 llil 1 1 '1 2 •>.'.: '.'• II.' . ." 1- J 1 111 ( :iA II .' i 1 II -■ 1 . •:i4 Ill 1 1 .111- 12 1. 1-1 , ! .' IIM. ■ili i 117 1, .' Illl :ll III 1 1 'II 2. MCi 43 II 1 1 .■■•1. J li.l ;is 1 I 1 1 ika. 1 ..s;, 111 1 . i 1 T'll 2 11" ;i."i 1 11. .' 1 :.:; -■ I'M 27 II- l.-,il 2 l.l, :M lli, , I.S?.. -> IlkS 4(1 1 III . 1 Tin .■ iiT.i 24 ilj .. vlt -■ 1 !,-, .111 1 ! ■. .' 1 771 2. I.'l :« H!..! . ' "T'l 2 11! 311 Ill l.TJs 2 II.'.' ii I,,-. 1 Tl! -'1 1 SI . 2 111 ,1 , |..\ . 1 Ti: 2 '17. , 1 ,, ImAKY KECORD of BOrLRR ThSTS fK»»r»i»-.r -r*..*, V*M»,> Hi.i-.r. 'il) t>t>'i''iit r mmIimc UTv -ttvnt tititU-r l«f», 1' r thirk ir^i^Hti. KrUiMUt. Himiih |.iii«tii I .inkrr m|.|i< i.kIi Ai t link*t tf'Hit ifMHitr nitil •(..-nrii i*t| murh fin :»n.l '■mt»k* inki** ^«cUy, < iinkrr iti tlim tiknl '".ikt" nUu r- tn tian.*tFi ini4i' t hiikt r liitrd niMl s»- fi l«r •!< i.m ^mulu- ^ki-^ i« (ittic riinkir |,i%rrl ftii ( -iiihi: r^pttv r.ii-tU'.l -httkHi. .riiii- mI vmiiMr. 'xi^ il> ti**- t nillit r*'f m itmu! i hnm» « •mg ftHiii*- ( linker ihii' hanl iumI tullu-rfril, ttmi r*kr*»> ■ ' uni" with ii>iiih ^Iftni* Hmkur rprtKivMl tvirtcMii •tifTMultv , vtmi nk*^ nul hum* with murh rhrikiT •'oriifnu I %iui Mm , hurin-i.tr lrt»m l«ir> 'ul -nkr* ntid Ktim- with much flairii' Clinkrr fn»liti', rpninvfil withnui diffirullv: ffin ik"- hikI t.urn- with muri. tUim-. Ctinkfr thirk. vimHMw, imitdui), mhI frmhln; roc : ipiI miiny \uorvA <»f hurnt 'ttont* tliiikfr |«nnHw vi-H'tiiiit. miil tnahl.' whpii roU »i.inr.ij m loluiir; w»«il I. urn* mth murh flanw ri'itk*'- thitk rtiui vlMc^»^^. tmrua vith murh 4ii ■■, fnmJ r»k»^, ( 'linker rhirk. pturnt*. frwhlr, mniovml witbou titfiriilty ; fOkl eiikeH wid burnii with much fItuBP »nii sinukr. Clinkvr thick. [M>rou». friftUp. removnl wtibou l>A<-ulty, t-ottl rmkM witl hurtM with murh thuue ami snioke (luiktT ihirk tuid vtM^mn. trtnHv when cold; N' I Mlcr cntd riinkiT thick aihI fri«t»U'; No, I boiler worl I 'linker \iM>ouM Clinker thill, vitrpou». and adherent CSiniwr httrd and blue vomi -rakea readily rhnker |M>r>uii. fnahle. and eaioly rentovad: tt^ dota not appear to ridke Cluikt'r (hirk, whitish, mml difficult In |(r*«k ii iwl iinrm not rtike N'n diSiniltiex t-linker lutrd aiiO friable: jihaku. icmti* adv»ut«iten{{y, luul very frutblai pm umied larRf rskett of cok« Choker vmvoua and adb«rent ... ''linker thiflM and vi^m-oum. remuveil in iMrge thi- rml rakwl mniil ('tinker thirk and vimcou*, nofti caked and huri' u-ith much tLarae and unoke ''tiuker lui?^ a thin hard tibeet over h*ni rtnlitioBa impmvnd with uae of nt^ain Cimker fairly thick and aiJbennff to imrn (linker thin. hard, and adherent Clinker h&rd and poroua . ami cmkeH sliffatly ... Clinkfr thin. hard, removed with difficulty: cai caitea r«ad;ly and bunw with much flmnie Cimker Mue, vitreoua, and adherent rtK jn Lc t^ &'^*» mUET [trri X^t^- SCCTIOHAl. t.K HOOP % ^ll»r 4 3 Scole in Ky ^t Engineering, McGill Univeraity. If' Fi?. id Vr.riy hnr=p-f--wcr gas erigiac. Department of Mcchanicai ^'.A'-.t^ /£> t#»;'V - . -. J.* Mechanical Euglrieermg, MuOiU Uiuveraily. : mmm^^i^msis^.M^KM :S V\g.. 34. (iencral arraiiitement of expcrimi-nlal hoiliT plant. IV-nartnipi =IIer Ruiiice ^ubtn <'»luriii>t!t«r KMUgtt OUorimoUr tliomi. UaromBtrr kt iiUrt Water UroHa ■'- i Time •d H 40 H.55 9.10 ft.»0 131 lOs B/.'S 5:t!» 132 407 U 40 812 12S 414 USA sa7 129 40H lU.IO W7 5 I2S 409 5 10. 2S 542 liH 414 10 40 5;«l 129 410 1 510 127 5 n2,-,( 10.55 63U 127 5 411 5 11 10 540 127 5412 5 11.25 53.S 5 12S 410 5 11.40 641 128 413 It S5 540 127 413 12.10 637 5 12,H lWt5| 53U 129 410 1 12.25 641 12S 413 12 10 539 127 8 411 5 12 55 53M 127 411 1 10 539 127 412 1 25 841 12M 413 1.10 539 12S-5410 5 I 55 5;j,S-5 127-5411 1 5.50 130 420 1 2.10 53S 133 405 2 25 53S I2«-5 4tH» 5 2 . JO 53.S \i9 409 2.55 537 127-5 I09.5 :rio 53.S I2,S 410 a 25 5aH 127 411 3. 10 537 5 12H-5 409 ;i . 55 540 130 410 4 10 539-5 12.S 411-5 4.25 53.S I2.S 410 4.40 540 129 411 4.55 540 12H 412 5.10 540-5 12,S 112-5 5.25 541 130 411 5.40 540 129 411 5.. 55 537 127 5 40<)-5 6.10 540 131 40'.l 6.25 541 133 40.S 6.40 537 129 408 TABLE II D»te, July 31, 1908. TRIALS OF No. 2. BABCOCK AND WILCOX BOILER WITH No. 36 COAL. Trial Number, 0. C. T. 5S. OBSERVATIONS OF FEED WATER PRESSURES, AND TEMPERATURES. Coireotiona not allowed for on sheets. Feed therms. Hicks Nos. 15706 and 16701 subt. 0-6» F. Air therm, subt I'F. Boiler gauge subtract 2 lbs. from reading. Calorimeter gauge correct. Calorimeter therm, correct. No. 66100, 0»-400" F. Barometer at start 29-64, at finish 29-64. Time 8.40 8.55 9.10 9.26 9.40 9.66 10.10 10.26 10 40 10.56 11.10 11.23 11.40 11.66 12.10 12.26 12.40 12.55 1.10 1.26 1.40 1.65 2.10 2.26 2.40 2.66 3.10 3.25! 3.40 3.65i 4.10| 4.25 4.40' 4.55! e.ioi 6.26! 6.40! 5.56! e.ioi 6.26] Gross Tare ! I I I Lbs. Water', ^ Evaporation nj" Lower Gauge chi^ Tank GUss I ^" Rdg. Rdg. In In- Per terval I Min. Gal. ! Press. Cal. Lbs. Temp.! Sq.fn. .f*' °F- I At Sq. In. I Damper Boiler Press. Lbs. per Draught in Ina. Water 539 539 542 637 637-6 642 639 540 539 640 538-5 541 640 637-6' 639 I 541 I 539 I 638 , 639 I 541 539 638-5 550 538 638 638 637 638 638 537-5 540 539-6 538 540 , 540 ."HO -6 641 640 637 640 541 131 132 128 129 128 128 129 128 127 128 129 128 408 407 414 408 409-5 414 410 I 127-5412o/ 127-5411-5 127-6 412-5 128 410-5 413 413 409-5) 410 / 413 127-5411-6 127 411 412 127 128 128-6 127-6 130 133 128-6 129 127-5 128 127 413 410-6 411 \ 420 405 ' 409-5 409 409-5 410 411 128-5409 130 128 128 129 128 128 130 129 410 411-6 410 411 412 412-5 411 411 127-5 409-5 131 133 ,409 408 6.40] 537 , 129 1408 I860! 310 1280i 360 1340 330 1170 370 1180i 320 1030^ 440 llOO; 250 950! 320 116oj 360 1210l 290 1020! 420 lOOOJ 370 1020 360 940 430 520 378 637 464 438 629-6 494 , 34-7 I 25-2 i 35-8 ! 30-3 j 29-2 36 3 : 32-9 118 \U 124 •116 124 120 124 126 15-2 14-5 16-2 150 16-0 15-4 16-1 16-4 290 290 293 290 294 L'93 294 294 0-24 0-24 0-26 0-27 0-26 0-26 0-26 0-27 Above Below Grate Grate 672-6 j 38-2 122 i 16-0 294 0-27 431-6 28-8 472-5 31-5 480-6 \ 32-1 413 ! 27-5 413 ; 27-6 1380 1280 1090 1100 1070 1050 980 1350 1260 1340 1280 1240 1300 1290 1330 1300 1230 1180 1100 1060 1060 1030 1210 1210 1340 1390 1390 340 330 440 420 390 340 I 410 I 350 I 460 I 350 i 370 370 340 390 460 370 360 360 340 380 '' 360 420 320 380 380 350 469-5 623 491-5 421 472 483 410-6 621 385 439-5 449 449-6 380 371 299 630 491-6 460 611 412 432-5 381 331 349-5 : 27B 388 31-3 34-0 32-8 28-1 31-6 32-2 27-4 34-7 25-7 29-3 29-9 30-0 25-3 24-7 19-9 36-3 32-8 30-7 34-1 27-5 28-9 25-4 22- 1 23-3 18-6 25-9 123 120 124 124 122 119 124 125 123 125 121 125 16-1 15-3 16-3 16-1 16-8 294 292 293 294 293 28 28 28 28 28 16-3 293 16-2 16-4 16-2 16-4 15-6 16-4 294 294 294 294 294 294 0-28 0-2S 0-28 0-28 0-28 0-28 0-28 123 16-2 294 0-28 330 i 428 1 Total 17,691 Mean. . 6 Corr. . 125 122 116 117 113 117 125 118 120 124 125 125 123 120 95 100 119 125 125 16-4 16-6 150 15-2 14-2 15-2 16-4 15-3 15-8 16-1 16-4 16-4 16-0 15-6 110 12 3 294 294 292 290 290 290 294 291 294 294 294 293 292 290 286 281 15-4 290 16-4 294 164 294 0-26 0-26 0-26 0-26 0-26 0-26 0-30 0-30 0-30 0-30 0-28 0-28 0-28 0-28 028 0-26 0-26 0-28 0-30 120-4 118-4 16-6 16-6 292-3i -0-28 292-3i 016 0-16 0-20 0-18 016 0-16 0-20 018 0-18 0-18 0-18 0-18 018 0-18 0-18 0-18 0-18 0-18 0-18 0-18 0-18 018 0-18 0-18 0-18 0-18 018 0-18 0-20 0-20 0-20 0-20 0-20 0-20 0-20 0-20 0-20 0-18 0-18 0-20 020 002 0-02 0-02 002 002 002 0-02 0-02 0-02 002 0-02 0-02 002 0-02 0-02 0-02 0-02 a- 02 0-02 0-02 0-02 02 0-02 002 0-02 002 002 0-02 0-02 0-02 0-02 0-02 0-02 0-02 0-02 002 02 02 0-02 002 002 Dainper Opening Ins. Boiler Room Temp. ••F. 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24* 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24* 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24* 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 24' 18' at 5-65 18* 24' at 6-10 24' -018 i -002 90 90 90 90 91 91 91 91 91 92 91 92 92 92 92 91 91 91 92 91 91 92 96 92 92 92 92 93 92 92 92 94 92 90 90 98 90 89 90 89 Feed ^lue T?-PT^|p. 72-6 72-6 730 73-0 73-0 73 73-5 73-6 73-6 73-6 73-6 73-5 73-6 73-6 73-6 73-5 740 73-5 73-6 73-6 74 74-0 74-0 74-6 74-6 76-0 75-0 760 76-0 75-0 75-0 75-0 76-0 760 75 76-0 76-0 670 660 676 670 620 680 620 630 73-5 ; 640 626 610 680 690 585 73-6 635 600 640 600 700 620 610 91 I 73-5 620 560 670 660 630 600 630 780 720 710 660 640 640 610 580 540 520 530 600 76-0 710 91-6 90-5 740 736 616 616