IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I f IS ||o 1.8 1* 1.25 1.4 1^ ^ 6" — ► V] <^ /a / cM c>m, ^ .>. 'v/ t o' /^ y Photographic Sciences Corporation V 4V *♦ ^;v V ^9) V \ ^>.,>. ;\ 23 W:ST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^Ji?> m ^0- /. o 7i fe CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Tachnica) and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. L'Institut a microfilm* le meilteur exemplaire qu'il lui a ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cnt exemplaire qui sont peut-^tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier jne image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^thode normale de filmaga sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. □ Coloured covers/ Couverture da couiaur D D D G D D n D Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagea Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde at/ou peilicul^e Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Ralid avec d'aLi:ONTOLOGY or OTTAWA AND VICINITY. BY HKNRY M. AMI, B,A, Extracted by ptrmitsion from Transactions Atr. 6 ( Jo/. //, No. j), Ottawa Fiild-Naiuralists' Cluh. OTTAWA: Printed by the Citizen Printing and Publishing Co., 31 Metcalfe Street. l836. ^<<^^^^i^»^t^t^l>t^t^»^^t>S^'^*^>^g<»gg>«^«^*^^^^ r ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THK (!Kt)I.O(JV AND PALvKi)N- TOLOGY OF OTTAWA AND VJCLNITV. HY UKNRY M. AMI, B.A., ASST. l'AU1-:ONTOr/)(:iKT filCOI.. Sl'llV. OK CANADA. Rmd 4th Miurh, ISS.'j. EjttructKd liy pcrmisnimt from Ti-aiit. ^'l,. (> ( Vt,l. II, A',/. 2), (Hlnir i Fi'l,l .\,itiir'ilist'i< Cluh. Further enquiry into the varied ami inLerestini^ as well as exton- Kive seiies of strata exhihited in the Ottawa valley, l)oth above and Uelow tlie city, has ad ied not a. little to the sum of our knowledge) already recorded in the transactions of this society and elsewhere. Both in paheontology and s'ratigra|.hy, much new to the loca'ity, to (knada, and in some instances to science, has been discovered. The field of research is vast and impoitant, but fortunately a ilecided increase in the interest taken in geological science has marked the season just closed. No less than sixteen members of the geological section took advantage of the suhexcuisions, a number of vi'hoin made collections whilst others took only a paitiiil yet ap[)reciative interest in the subject. The beautiful sequence ot the fossiliferous scdimentaiy strata, ranging from the Upper Potsdam to the Hudson River inclusive, is here well defined and may be studied to great advantage not only from a mere chronological standpoint but also in comparison with rocks con- sidered to be synchronous with these, and deposited under rather dif- ferent conditions in other portions of this continent. To trace out accurately and ascertain the degree of submergence and elevation ■which at diffin-ent times are known to have occurred in this neiahbour- hood during the paheozoic period; and likewi.se to note the sequence of life during this same period as evinced from the pni'montoloi/lcal data alread}' obtained and still coming in, the changes in the /lora and /uuna corresponding to the changes of water-level, are indeed tasks worthy of a Murchison, of a S^'dgwick, a Barrande, a Logan, or a Billing.s. Without going into details as to the result of a number of sections which have been studied from exi)osui'es in this neighbourhood, the general results obtained in the field during the past summer may be summed \i|» as follows, the notes on each formation being arivea separately. • ■ : ' ' -■- ' ' '. f 3 ■ 7',„.,<..,„ /■>,»«,•»».- At Montel,ello, Mr. r,o„i. J. P.pi"-" ''" .,=en carrying o„ ext.u»iv„ operations ii> tl,i, f.rn.ation an.l Im, tl, Bagrt and sl,ales ; (/,) *./« ; (c) ii»«'«-» The sandstone, are very ,,oor n, os- ,11, Ayhner town and Pointe des Cl.enes, l.owever, have yielded a fe» species, whilst a specin.en of '''^'^'■^'' >- J''^ "'^'fT^';;^ Z, iLuiy new, was fonnd in the shaly division at Hendock lake, Ne« K,li«bnrgh : at Hogs hack, Nepean, so.ne very fossi hferon, Wds occnr, one especially noteworthy containing aln.ndance of ^'J''^'" *'' ^ fBin«,.,». a Lan,ellihranchiate shell also nndetern„ned an, Lpt^l.^ coprolites, ale Iw^inently ass.Kiate,l w.th these. On the occasion of the Clnh's visit to Moore, landing, oppose Qnyon, about 40 ,niles w.,t of Ottawa, the ,W,.,,W (.m«o/. had a ,plen.li,l opportunity afforded then, of examining a hne sectton.^ L., ioMuation. The ,neasn,-e, at this place are exposed f om the ,iver margin to the to,, of the hill (with a few places ot concealmen ^a thickness \,f Klofccl This exposure can be traced down the OtUwa !„„„ nndoubted continuous series as far to the -' - ^''«"' » ] '^ ■ near Ottawa, along the Ontario shore, outcrops ,>f which are ahnos ywhere o he seen, but especially about lierry's brewery and : the lake shore and at Bri.tania. This tract of conn ry wa „eolo",.icallv coloure,! as Calciferous in the l«Gf, .nap pubhshe by Su Wn \og, .. '"■' fou, cuudusive paUcoufdogiea, evidence obtatned a thisexc. -sionitcanbe positively asserted that these measure, are f he Cha.v forn,atiou. Deposited horizontally and even now .pute u„- Iturbci. the bed, at Moore's landing hold an abundance of org,uuc ,.enu,ins in the uppern.ost or liu.cstone portion of the sectton. The characteristic band of in,pure limestone teeming w,th --.nsof J«- ,„„.„».„.,. n,ay also be seen here nr its normal pos,t,on_as at Ayln r, Ho.'s Hack, T;0,«?,i^: ,^.,^Vo-, :whjch place, >t ha, been .eeotded. r t • * • • R % • % 1 • « f • • • . • • • « S V A to L' pat* a II ■ • • • • 1" or not thi, 1,„| „|,i I, • , '"" "^ ""^ ""■"'■'• '"•'» "''"'her o.«n.„„ n.;!;:!' :;:::::, , - ;'";<^ -o....--, „.■ ... «oo,u„ «e.eio„» of „«.;,„„,: ,,4 t : rr^'r*'''''- *""-- ;--/- (m„.), „„ (1,.^: •; ;7'''^ ;; ''"r"'''''™ "'■'^• •some ,ii„Hnc. .,„ eitl.o,. ,,„„ - ,„,„',",, -»r, „„d extending =.nd c„„ti„„„„s .„,,eot. """ '""" " '""■''•«'">' I"' O.^nudi.ig „gon<-ie» luve evidentiv l,„,.„ ,„ „. 1 • ,. . bed of tlie Ottawa ilivor •,„,! „k , '" '"'"""S ""^ -agon™,., w,,i., d ::!,:;:""■'";■:;•"»■" '-'^" ^^^ C„.ne» more activ; ,l..,n tl,. n, ' , « ■"^^'"' "I"""'' "'">" '-e U«n „,„„h or atn,„.„„:.- r,.'::"-^-" "'- '-• "- "»"""'"^- -•-, of. .,a, AnotI.er very typical exnosiuv of tl.o fl. .oWe-ved and o.,.„i„ed to t„o ,Lt.a..d of ,, Z''^ "T close to where the ineisii..p« r.f n m J^muiu J lall grounds the abundance <^ ^Zl^l T'T ""'"'''""' ' "'""^ ''-' tn.bed owin, to a )o" f' • ''"™""' "'"' ™"-l«-l,Iy di.,. » 10 a lo.,u Unit, come in contact with it «"pe.io. portion of U./nn,asn,. t;;;: b^i \~^^^^^^ bringing tbe^nl-Lr::;!.""':"' "' '""''' '"""' °"«'"' K'-r, T,.c.,ton, and X^o^^^^^ST b'"^" "' ""' ""^'^ - «.e .„,e tin,,. ^„..^^,^L ^ .^^ Z!:^,:- -^^ -' n«'8i(h'H lillonliiiK goo.l HundHtone aixl liinestono for iMiiMin}^ i»ur- poses ati.l al.s.» flaj^stoiies fur puviaj,' : H'O Cli.izy' torruatiou about Ottawa aHor.ls «o.mI hydraulic cement. On lot 34, Con. A, Nepoan, Mr. (J. 15. Wriglit has opened a laige quarry in three ho Is lying close to one another in the up-uMinost part of this formation, and for years past has ohtain(Ml a lar>,'o <|uantity of a magnesian limestone having a marked conchoidal fracture and often containing small cavities lined with pink oalcite crystals. Higher up the; river and on *ho Hue of strike of the above nuMitionod exposure the same beds were noticed at several places, whilst in the " (Jeol. of Canada," IBC..*?, page 800, it is stated that they are continuous from Allumelte Island to Hawkesbury, a dis- tance of .)ver 100 tiwles. The cement, known commercially as the " Hull (J(MU(mt " and manufactured by calcining this rock with an ad- mixture of clay as the argillaceous constituent required in certain definite pro[)ortions, has been characterized as " a sti ong and lasting cement"— (see dcscri[)tive catalogue of the minerals of Canada— Dr. Selwyn, 187G.) The clays used belong to the post tertiary epoch and are of marine origin, being known as the " J.eda Clays." There has b>^en a considerable demand for *' liidl Cement " in foreign as well as home nuukets during the past year, upward.s of 8,000 barrels of hydraulic cement hiiving been shipped from this port whilst there have already been extracted l,7n() loads of cement-stone this winter for calcination during the coming s(^ason. The cament belongs to that class known as " slow-.setting." < Bird's Ei,e and Blavk h'lver Formatiou.—The measures of this formation about the Petite Cliaudiere on the north and south shores of the Ottawa River were visited and a number of the characteristic species of fassils collected, e. g. : Columnarla llalli, (Nicholson), Te.tra- dium jibratuvi (Saflbrd). etc. Notes were taken on the much faulted and distur'oe.l strata at this locality which assumes its peculiar orographic aspect on account of faults cutting the measures iu a parallel series of sf.n>s- whence the rapids. It is very ditlicult to ascertain in many instances the exact amount of faulting, yet the exposures are most interesting and deserve close study. t tiI_:2ZE3- ft Proceo.liiijf (Mstwar.l from tlio city wo H;i,l jiiiollicr ititoi't;«tiM>? ♦'xpDKiiiv of this formatiju occurring iit tlu) biMiiciiliig of tlu! road lead- in;; to n-fchwooil ('(iinetury, close to tlu? sviirnp. Horn u very inter- futini,' s((utioii may lie suen showing tlift contact of this formation with tho UticH, indicatini; thu presence of a local fault or (lislocation appar cnlly causini^ a downthrow on tho west sidit of the fault of at l.'ust 'JOO foot. This fault is a nMuarkaldo one, and can hi" tr.ici'd to a distanco of two iiiil.'s on tiipiiig bur, slightly to the east. Amongst the organic remains lomid hen; may la; me;itioucd 'J'elnt- (/iuni, fihratnin, (.S.itlbrd), ILiHiuilaiii'i, pliuidnlti, (.Salter), P.'i'iiroUtr.iaria laptci'i'a (Salter), besiiies lamcllibranchiata and bivalve eiiio'iiostraca in great numlters reii'iiring furilu'r study. Trtiutou Fonwition. — In this toleral)ly well kno'vn aii.l interesting formation some points of interest ar..- always surv" to come up, both as regards its paheontologie.d rc^cor I and local stratigraphical signilicance. At Ottiwa and vicinity t!i(> Trenton,, lik'.; its elosidy ri^lativi formations, is affected by a number ot faults, tin 1 it his lnjen pretty conclusively ascertained from tltjxures in the srrata, accompinied by fiiilLs, exhibit- ing what is- generally term". 1 a mono, liiial structure, or simply a "monocline" — that there has l)een in mosi 'instances a downthrow on the west i-ade of the faults, which have a gener >.l noitli and south bearing at right angles to the course of the Ottawa llivrr. The Tren- ton formation, as exposed at Nepean Point and old " i>ari-ack," oi- now " l*arliamc-nt Hill," presents many interesting faults and flexures. Amonj; the fossil remuiiiH worthy of in>tn eolh'ctocl at thu foot of Parliiinu'iit Hill ihhv Im iiicntioiu'd a l.irt,'t! sponge irfenetl hy Mr. VVhitt'aves to the gomis HmchloHpomjia (Marsh.) 'Phis heinitilul speci- men was ohUinod hy the writer above h)w wati-r inarlc in a lied of lime- stone six inches in thickness, and ins mediately ov(irlyinj« that containing tracks or trails of marine animals, at one of the ^'eolo<^ii-ai suli- excnrsions of the Clnl', Dr. r>apti<> being present. It is the lirst time that the genus has been re'iognized as occurring in Canada. This Ottawa specimen moasnres 1(» inches or 24 .0 centimetres in diameter, and presents seven " brachia," or "arms"~-so called. Tliese lobes, more properly speaking, are seen to radiate from a broati circular central portion. Thgre appear between these, in the intermediate spaceB, lobes sliglitly elevated above the goner.il level of the others ; whetln-i- these are strnetural or not has not yet been ascertained. The specitio refer- ence is still doubtful as microscopic sections carefidly prepared l»y Mr. Weston, of the (Jreological Survey, have not given detinite structure. Jn certain minor details our specimen dillers from either of the three species described by Profs. Owen and Mai.sh, ffom the Cincinnati group of Ohio, and whether they are nil the same or ditlerent species, still re- mains to 1)0 settled. Associated with it was discovered a series of tracks, pi-obably made by mollusci, resembling iu miniature those described by liillings us Scurichmtes, from the (Jambro-Siluriaii deposits of Anticosti. That they are not referable to Billing's species, .V. ahruptm, is at once evi- dent by comparing the specimens with the description. The Ottawa si)eoimens are often tortuous in their course, tiie marks or pits are arranged iu an alternating manner, and about three-eighths of an inch is the greatest width of the.se tnicks, there being about twelve stey)3 or series of footprints in the space of twenty-four lines. Ichnites like the.se are generally supposed to have l>een nioliuscan in origin. Amongst the other species of interest collected at the same sub-excursion nnty be mentioned as of more especial interest, Ophileta Ollawdeihsiti (Billings), Strophomeao. di.Umd'M (Conrad), JJucania bid- orsala (Hall), itc. Besides the above, the Trenton formation has also yielded Amplexopora Canadensis (Koord), I'holidops suUruncatm (Hall), lUveims trentommis (Kmmons), a hfyrichla very difficult to distinguish ^ t if I •J ll i from Home of the Cincinnati },'roii|» Hpecies ilesciilied by Prof. S. A. Miller, ah \v«ll as a niinibor of Hpucies awiiitinj< idontiticition. A very iiiterestiiiK Hub-excursion of tho club was heltl at a Hhort diHtance from th« city in July ; ist, whon tlio writer, in company with Messrs. l.'rajg, Summorby ami Dr. lioux, all enthusiuHtic mtMubers and devotees to Hcietice, visited a nuujber of interesting exposures in the county of Kussoll. The Trenton was observed to crop out on the 10th lot of con. 10, llussell, and lot 30 of con. .") of Cambridge, lorming u rid"o or i levation above the general level of the country, the nieasureH dipping at an angle of about 15" to the north. There nuiy be a dislo- cation hero, but tho exposures were too limited to ascertain. The strike ia almost due east and west. Farther \ip, ai Cook's KapidH, on the River Castor, lot 8, con. of Hussell, was found a splendid expos- ure of the Trenton formation for a distance of at least one mile, oharacteri/.ed by abundance of fossils, ovor twcsnty species hav- ing been collected and recorded from that jjlac*.', amongst which may be mentioned the lirachlospomjia referred to already, Prntarea vetusla, JI. Prampora Selwi/ni (Nioh), IklleropUov su/eatium (Bil- lings). The lltica Formation.—To sum n[) briefly the residts obtained in the very interesting series of bituminous schists and associated ira- jMue limestones, it jnay bo said that in the exposures on the llideau Hall grounds the perfectly conformable i)Osition of the Utica on the Trenton, or else the gradual passing of the Trenton measures into those of this formation is very evident. That an unconformability has been assigned to the Utica l)y many authors is a well-known fact. The measures at Kideau Hull immediately set at rest this (piestiou upon examining them. Not only the stratigraphy agrees, but also the mass of pahwontological evidence which has already been gathered from this formation, enables one to satisfy hinself of the truths of the above statement. There is no discordance of stratification whatever, and, further, there are species and genera which pass from one into the other gradually. In fact it is very difficult, nay, impossible, to give the precise bed which is first characteristic of the Utica. The u[^permost measures of the Trenton have shales between the layers of limestones ; the sediment having assumed a more argillaceous 8 naturo, owing, no doiil^t, to a deprcssiuii of tlio continent uiul oouso- quent greater depth of the seas in tiie Utjca tin-es. An important fact has been ascertained with r(!i,Mrd to the distri- bution of the Utica at Ottawa, viz., that it occur» on Bank street, just west of the fault, which runs by tlie " Supreme Court " buihling. Tho Utica was further ascertained to occur on Albert sheet, from the corner of Kent, 175 fe(?t in an easterly direction, having had to be blasted by the men employed in laying drains, Jcc. From these shales some beautiful specimens were obtained. The rocks here present a striking resemblance to those of a similar ho;i/.on at such ;i i-emoie dis- tance as Oollingwood, on the Georg'au Bay. The association of the trilobites, mollusks and bivalve shells, and entomostroca is strikingly the same. Lyrodcsma indckellum, Leptrdltm cijliudriea, AsapJais Cana- densis, 'j'riarthrus bec/d, Limjula Fr> ;ne, Leptohohoi msignis and Endo- ceriis protel/arniis, all occurring together in same beds both here and at CoUirigwood in Western Qjitario. Amongst the additions to the list of Utica species may be mentioned a ne.v species of monticuliporid — • lUtostoma erra lea,, TJlrich, JNISSJ. From beautiful sections of thiri interesting branching polyzoary j)repare.l by ]\lr. Weston and from draw- ings excecuted by the same gentlemen, togetiier with Mr. Uhich's authority, the write;)- has had un opportiuuty of identifying the species in q\iestion. Prof. Ulrich will soon describe it, and therefore no descrij-.tiou is here given of it. It has further been ascertained that the grai)tolites referred to as DldhmojrdpfuK llticcid.u.s and aanectans are both veferrable to the geuus LqAorjiaptub. Hudson Jilver Fornml'ion. — Mere we havi? to hail a new era in jur geological nomenclature, having to add this formation to the eight others already known about Ottawij, and with which the Club's work has dealt. That the shales and aroniceous beds tVxiud on a cutting on the Canada iVtlantic railway are of this age may be ascertained from the following list of species found. The cutting, is three miles frouj Ottawa. Zijgvspira hmdi, U. {O. ICrrafica, JL), Orthis hstudlnaria, and ^i£*i^.*/, Modiolopais snodiolaris, Conrad {large), Modlolopsis pholadlforniis (Hall), Ainbonijchia radiata (ITall) itc, C'>/r(oIitcs oi-na- tu8 (Conrad), IkUeropIton bilohatxs—Q. B. '^cic.>vc££^ 9 In the post tertiary deposits of Green's creek the writer, in com- pany with Mr. F. A. Dixon, found an interesting coleopterous insect, whicli is now in tlie liands of Prof. vS. H. Scudder, of Boston, and awaiLs identification. I