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THE LAKE ERIE SHORE AS A BOTANIZING GROUND. 
 
 Read before the Biological Section, February i^th, iSSg, 
 
 BY T. J, W. BURGESS, M. B. ; F. R. S, C. 
 
 Perhaps few, if any of you are aware that almost at our very 
 doors, certainly within easy reach of the members of this Association, 
 lies what is probably the best botanizing ground in Ontario, I might 
 even say the best in Canada if we exclude British Columbia and the 
 Rocky Mountains. I refer to the shores of Lake Erie, a region 
 less known botanically than any other part of the Dominion, except 
 the parts I have mentioned. While the counties imm^ediately 
 adjoining the lake constitute the district to which I specially refer, it 
 may be said to include the banks of the Niagara, Detroit and St. 
 Clair Rivers, and the border of Lake St. Clair. 
 
 Forty-nine years ago Sir Wm. J. Hooker published his great 
 work, the " Flora Boreali Americana," and in it recorded all then 
 known, through the early travellers and explorers, of our species and 
 their distribution. In 1840 to 1843 appeared the "Flora of North 
 America" by Torrey and Gray, and in 1878, the latter gentleman 
 published the first volume of his "Synoptical Flora of North 
 America," comprising the Gamopetalae after Composite. These 
 works virtually contained all that was known of Canadian botany, 
 except occasional lists which had from time to time appeared in 
 scientific publications, up to 1883, when the first part of Professor 
 Macoun's '* Catalogue of Canadian Plants " was brought out. This 
 part, which comprised the Polypetalae, was followed in 1884 by a 
 second, treating of the Gamopetalae, and in the same year appeared 
 the second volume of Gray's "Synoptical Flora," completing the 
 Gamopetalous Dicotyledonous plants. In 1886 and 1888, two other 
 parts of Prof. Macoun's great work were issued, treating, respectively, 
 of the Apetalae and the Endogens. This wonderfully comprehensive 
 catalogue is now our standard work on the number and distribution 
 of Canadian species, and forms a lasting monument of the good work 
 done by Mr. Macoun for the science he loves so well, and which he 
 has done so much to foster in this country. It has thrown the first 
 
42 
 
 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 great light on our Canadian flora, but even it, as the author on 
 several occasions remarks in its pages, is woefully deficient as 
 regards the flora occupying the region along Lake Erie, in which, no 
 doubt, there are many varieties still to be brought to view. 
 
 One of the earliest explorers to leave any special notes on the 
 vegetation of the Lake Erie district, was the famous Franciscan 
 monk, Father Hennepin, who accompanied LaSalle on his voyages, 
 extending from 1679 ^o 1682. Hennepin explored the country 
 through the region of the St. Lawrence and great lakes, westward 
 into Wisconsin, where he was carried as a captive by the Indians. 
 He appears to have made no collections, n^ r did he give any special 
 account of the botany of these regions, but on more than one 
 occasion he speaks of the prevalence of walnut, chestnut and plum 
 trees about Lake Erie. 
 
 Following Hennepin, the Jesuit, Charlevoix, who reached 
 Quebec in 1720, travelled by way of the St. Lawrence and great 
 lakes and thence descended the Mississippi. His journals contain 
 some notes of interest, and he speaks particularly of the fine timber 
 in the Erie region, mentioning the white and red oaks {Quercus 
 alba and Quercus rubra) and three kinds of walnut, two of which, 
 from his description, evidently are the butternut and one of the hick- 
 ories. 
 
 Peter Kalm, a pupil and correspondent of Linnaeus, in 1749; 
 Frederick Pursh, the celebrated author of the " Flora Araericae Septen- 
 trionalis," in 1806 ; Michaux, the younger, in 1807 ; and Drummond 
 and Douglas, distinguished botanical explorers, about fifteen or 
 eighteen years later made expeditions to the Niagara River and 
 eastern end of Lake Erie, but can hardly be said to have explored 
 any of its northern shore. The result of their labors was recorded 
 in Hooker's Flora. 
 
 The first real investigators of the Flora of this district were Mr. 
 Goldie and Drs. Todd, Maclagan and Ni^hol, and they have re- 
 corded many interesting plants, some of which have not since been 
 seen. Professor Macoun has explored to a limited extent the Nia- 
 gara Peninsula, Pelee Island and the country along Lake Erie west- 
 ward from that point and up the Detroit River ; while, personally, I 
 have examined the districts about Point aux Pins and Point Pelee. 
 Mr. David F. Day, President of the Buffalo Natural History Soci- 
 ety, has carefully explored the Canadian side of the Niagara River 
 
THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 43 
 
 and the shore of Lake Erie as far as Point Abino. The shore, how- 
 ever, between Point Abino and Point aux Pins, a stretch of about 
 175 miles, remains practically unexplored, with the exception of a 
 little work done by Dr. Nichol and Mr. Wm. Yates in Norfolk 
 County, by Prof. Macoun in the same district about Port Dover, 
 and by the last named gentleman and myself about St. Thomas and 
 Port Stanley in Elgin County. That much is still to be done is 
 evidenced by the discovery during the past season by one of our 
 members, Mr. Hanham, who makes no claim to even the slightest 
 knowledge of botany, of the beautiful and showy Phlox coro7iopifolia 
 introduced at Port Dover, an addition to our Canadian Flora. 
 The island known as Long Point lies about the centre of the unex- 
 plored district, and I have no doubt would yield a generous harvest 
 of new plants to any one with time to visit and work it up. 
 
 What I have called the Erie District is chiefly remarkable for 
 the southern nature of many of the species, some of them being so 
 much so that one would scarcely dream of finding them within our 
 boreal confines. The large size and plentitude of the Kentucky 
 coffee-tree, the pawpaw, mulberry, blue ash and sour-gum trees, 
 clearly show them to be indigenous, and would indicate that they 
 are not merely chance survivors, but that the soil and climate fully 
 meet their requirements. To this region having been but scantily 
 investigated may be attributed the seemingly extraordinary fact that 
 on a trip made to Point Pelee, in the summer of 1882, by Prof. 
 Macoun and myself, in one day we noted no less than eleven 
 species not before recorded as occurring in Canada, and ten ad- 
 ditional ones but very rarely met with. In the week preceding our 
 joint trip the Professor had found, about Amherstburgh and on 
 Pelee Island, eight others, which then for the first time found a place 
 in our flora. The vegetation in many respects resembles that of the 
 northern parts of Pennsylvania and Ohio, lying on the opposite or 
 southern shore of the lake, but whether this points toward proving 
 that what is now water was formerly land and connected the two 
 countries I do not pretend to say. In some instances, notably that 
 of the three-thorned acacia {Gleditschia triacanthos) some fine 
 specimens of which grow in the sand-dunes on Point Pelee, I have no 
 doubt but southern plants have been introduced through seeds drifting 
 across the lake. The short distance inland to which some of the 
 specie's extend has always seemed to me a strong argumiint in favor 
 
44 
 
 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 W 
 
 of this view, there being seemingly no difference in soil or climate 
 sufficient to account for it. The forest of this region differs mark- 
 edly from that of any other part of Canada, for while the trees, else- 
 where the chief components, occur, the bulk of it is made up, in ad- 
 dition to those I have already named, of chestnut, black walnut, 
 tulip-tree, buttonwood, white-heart and broom hickories, butternut, 
 chestnut oak, scarlet oak, and black oak. 
 
 Fiom Prof. Macoun's Catalogue I have prepared two lists ; one 
 giving the names, localities and authorities for the occurrence of the 
 Thoenogamous species peculiar (so far as known) to the Lake Erie 
 region ; the other those very rarely noted as occurring elsewhere in 
 Canadian territory. The former includes io8, the latter 26 species. 
 These combined lists give us 134 plants, out of a total of 2955, 
 restricted, or almost restricted, to this district, that is, a twenty- 
 second part of all the plants known to occur over our vast territory, 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific, are confined to it, and I have no 
 doubt that quite a number of additional ones will be brought to light 
 when the country is fully worked up. 
 
 113 out of the 737 genera known in Canada, or rather more 
 than one-seventh, are represented in the same region, while very 
 nearly one-half the orders, or 54 out of 118, occur. The orders 
 most largely represented in these two lists, as one might naturally 
 expect from their size, are the Leguminosse, Rosacece, Compositae, 
 Labiatae, Liliaceae, Cj'peraceae and Graminese, but, if we go by the 
 proportion of the species to those forming the order in Canada as a 
 whole, the ones best represented are Caryophyllaceae, Umbelliferae, 
 Juglandaceae and Cupuliferse. Ranunculacese and especially Erica- 
 ceae, judged by the same standard are, by all odds, the lowest in the 
 scale of numbers. Four of our Canadian orders find their sole repre- 
 sentatives in the Lake Erie District, viz : Magnoliaceae (Magnolia 
 Family) by Magnolia acuminata and Liriodendron Tulipifera, 
 Anonaceae (Custard-apple Family) by Asimina triloba, Bignoniaceae 
 (Bignonia Family) by Tecoma radicans, and Hemodoraceae (Blood- 
 root Family) by Aletris farinosa ; while of the two representatives in 
 Canada of the lUecebraceae (Knawel Family) one, Anychia dichotoma, 
 occurs here, the other. Paronychia sessiliflora, in the Northwest 
 Territory. 
 
 A very curious fact that cannot but strike one forcibly in 
 glancing over these lists is the large number of species, noted by the 
 
THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 45 
 
 older writers, such as Pursh, Hooker and Goldie, which have not 
 since been seen. This is possibly due to two facts, first, that the 
 region has been but comparatively little explored by botanists, and 
 second, that these writers did not give any very definite localities to 
 aid one in the search, In many cases the sole reference to guide us 
 is Canada or Western Canada, both of which, as you are well aware, 
 are pretty extensive localities to cover. It is possible, also, that 
 some of the species have been incorrectly named. The number of 
 such species is 22, ami it is to these I would now particularly call 
 your attention. Indeed, such is the main object of this paper, for it 
 is very necessary in the interests of botanical research that these 
 species, if existing, should be more definitely relocated. Any of 
 you, interested in botany, and having a holiday, cannot do better 
 than spend it on some part of the Erie shore. You are liable to 
 come across some of these, or new, floral rarities at any moment, 
 and, even if you do not, I can promise you that you will be amply 
 repaid with vasculums or presses stocked with some of the least 
 common of Canadian plants. Do not let the fact that such plants 
 have been so long hidden deter you or make you doubt their occur- 
 rence there. In even comparatively well botanized districts, with 
 almost an army of scientists engaged in the search, it is possible for 
 a plant to remain concealed for years. A notable example of this 
 is seen in the rare American shrub Shortia galacifolia. Over a hun- 
 dred years ago, viz. in 1788, the elder Michaux, on a journey into 
 the mountains of North Carolina in search of living plants of 
 the rare Magnolia cordata, collected somewhere on those mountains 
 a specimen of an Ericaceous plant, out of flower but with immature 
 fruit. In 1839 Dr. Gray found and examined, in Michaux's herbar- 
 ium, this specimen, the exact locality for which was unfortunately not 
 recorded, and on it founded, in 1*542, a new genus, Shortia, so called 
 in honor of Dr. Chas. W. Short of Kentucky. Lyon, Curtis, Gray, 
 and c host of less noted botanists, in vain traversed the Carolina 
 mountains to rediscover Michaux's locality for the species, but it 
 was not until May, 1877, that Mr. Geo. Hyams found it on a hill- 
 side in McDowell County, North Carolina, east of the Black Moun- 
 tain. For several years after this was supposed to be the only sta- 
 tion for the species, and, to the regret of all botanists, the plants were 
 few in number. In 1886, however, a r.i;w station was discovered by 
 Mr. Kelsey on the banks of the lower Whitewater River, in Jocassse 
 
 h ii 
 
46 
 
 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 Valley, Oconee County, about 33 miles from Highlands. Here there 
 were rods of the banks covered with it and it extended up and down 
 the river, more or less, for three miles, so that this formerly rarest of 
 plants was at last found in sufficient abundance to assure its contin- 
 uance. 
 
 Another instance of the rediscovery of a plant is that oi Nymph- 
 cBa elegans, which was originally collected, by Dr. Charles Wright, 
 in a pond near the head of the Leona River, Texas. Neither Lind- 
 heimer, Fendler, nor any other Texan collector or botanist was able 
 to find it again, and for nearly forty years it stood in the North Am- 
 erican flora on the strength of a single collection at a single vaguely 
 described station on the broad plains of South-western Texas. In 
 1887, however, it again came to light near Waco in the same State, 
 Messrs. Trimble and Wr'";ht having found it abundant in one place 
 there. These are only two of several such instances, and I trust 
 will encourage the various members of this Association to aid in 
 hunting up some of n. lost or doubtful species mentioned by 
 Professor Macoun as occurring in the Lake Erie region. The fol- 
 lowing is a list of them, some, as you will note, being actually re- 
 corded as found by Mr. Buchan and Judge Logic at Hamilton here. 
 
 t. Nelumbium luteum, Willd., (Water Chinquepin) Reported as 
 found in the Detroit River, at the Erie entrance to the Welland 
 Canal, and near Burnham's Island in Grand River a few miles from 
 Dunnville. Neither Prof. Macoun nor myself have seen Canadian 
 specimens of this plant, but believe the stations named to be 
 authentic. 
 
 2. Poly gala incarnata^ L. Found in rocky places on the 
 Niagara River, near the Falls, by Douglas in 1823, and not since 
 detected. 
 
 3. Silene stellata, Ait. Also found by Douglas in 1823 in dry 
 stony places on the Niagara River and not since seen. 
 
 4. Silene nocturna^ L. Observed growing near Fort Erie in 
 1881 by Mr. Day, but not collected since. 
 
 5. Hypericum Sarothra, Mx. Recorded in Torrey and Gray's 
 Flora as a native of Canada, but we have no proof of its occurrence. 
 As Prof. Macoun says, however, it may be found in sandy soil along 
 Lake Erie. 
 
 6. Baptisia leucaniha, T. & G. Not detected since the time 
 
THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 47 
 
 of Goldie, who records it as occurring in rich alluvial soil on the 
 shore of Lake Erie. I am myself of the opinion that Baptisia 
 tinctoria, which occurs as described, is the species referred to, but 
 am at a loss to understand how such an error could have been 
 made. It is of course quite possible that I am wrong in my 
 conjecture and that Baptisia leucantha^ which is a native of Ohio, 
 may yet be rediscovered. 
 
 7. Sedum ternatum^ Mx. Rocks in the Niagara River and 
 Lake Erie {Douglas, 1823); vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Buchan) 
 Prof. Macoun says this is a doubtful species and should be carefully 
 looked for and verified. 
 
 8. Ludivigia alternifolia^ L. In swamps, Canada. {Hooker^ 
 Fl. Bor. Am. — Torrcy and Gray, Fl. N. Am.) Another doubtful species. 
 No exact locality is ascribed for it by these authors, but if it occurs 
 with us at all it will probably be along the Lake Erie shore. 
 
 9. Archangelica hirsuta^ T. & G. Both Pursh and Michaux 
 credit this species to Canada, but do not say to what part. If found 
 it will almost certainly be in the neighborhood of Lake Erie. 
 
 10. Liatris squarrosa,y^\\\di. Dry gravelly or sandy soil. Western 
 Ontario {Gray) Neither this species nor its variety intermedia, D C, 
 which occurs in the same situations as the type, have been noticed 
 by any of the late collectors. 
 
 11. Helianthus parviflorus, Bernh. Thickets in alluvial soil in 
 Western Ontario {Goldie, vide T. and G., Fl. N. Am.) 
 
 12. Cacalia atriplicifolia, L., (Indian Plantain) Canada {Cleg- 
 horn, vide Hooker) Moist woodlands, Western Ontario (7*. and G.) 
 Not collected recently. 
 
 13. Krigia Virginica, Willd. Sandy ground, Western Ontario 
 {Gray) 
 
 14. Sabbattia angularis, Pursh. Rich soil, Western Ontario 
 {Gray) Prof Macoun says that this species as a Canadian plant is 
 unknown to him. My friend, Mr. Yates, of Hatchley, Ont., tells me 
 he once found a Sabattia in the Erie district but did not know the 
 species and had lost the specimen. It is probable that it was the 
 same as Gray refers to. 
 
 15. Pycnanthemutn incanum, Mx. Dry soil, Canada {Goldie) 
 New England to Western Canada {Gray) Hamilton, Ont. {Logic) 
 
4S 
 
 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 Prof. Macoun says he has never seen a Canadian specimen, nor have 
 I myself. 
 
 1 6. Monarda Clinopodia, L. Western Canada to Illinois 
 {Gray) Prof. Macoun knows nothing of this species as a Canadian 
 plant. It is to he looked for in the Lake Erie region. 
 
 17. Scutellaria canescenSy'i^wXX. River banks, Western Ontario 
 {Gray) Canada {Goldie) Prof. Macoun has no knowledge of Cana- 
 dian localities for this species. If found it will probably be along 
 Lake Erie. 
 
 18. Anycltia dichotoma, Mx. Shore of Lake Erie, Norfolk Co., 
 1867 {Dr. Nichol) Has not been since reported. 
 
 19. Corallorhiza odontorhiza, Nutt. Woods along Lake Erie, 
 Norfolk Co. {Dr. Nichol) It is also recorded from Halifax, 
 Montreal, and Hamilton, but it is more than likely that all these 
 references should be to Corallorhiza intiata, as all the specimens, 
 so-called, seen from those localities by Prof Macoun have been that 
 species. If it really occurs with us it will be in the Erie District 
 only, I think. 
 
 70. Pogonia pendula, Lindl. Damp woods, Canada {Goldie, 
 vide Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am.) Prof. Macoun has never seen a Canadian 
 specimen. Must inhabit the Erie region if it occurs at all. 
 
 2 1. Melanthium Virginicum, L. Upper Canada {Hooker) 
 Prof. Macoun has never seen a Canadian plant'of this species either. 
 It is to be looked for along the Lake Erie shore. 
 
 22. Aristida dichotoma, L. Port Colborne, Lake Erie {McGill 
 Coll. Herb.) Anothe and the last, of these plants of which Mr. 
 Macoun has seen no Canadian specimen. 
 
 Species restricted in Canada (so far as known) to the 
 
 Lake Erie District. 
 
 1. Ranunculus ambigens, Watson. In inundated places or 
 mud. Southern part of Ontario (6^<?/^/6) Vicinity of Port Colborne 
 {McGill ColL Herb.) 
 
 2. Magnolia acuminata, L., (Cucumber-tree) The only 
 recorded station for this is Falls of Niagara on the authority of 
 
I'HE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 49 
 
 L'Abbt^ Provancher. Whether he considers it introduced or not I 
 am unable to say, but I should most certainly judge that it is. 
 
 3. Asimina tri'oba^ Dunal, (American Papaw) Rich low 
 woods near the railway below Queenston Heii^lits ; very abundant 
 on Pt. Pelee and in the townshi[)s bordering Lake Erie between that 
 point and Aniherstburgh ; doubtless not rare along Lake Erie but 
 not reported {Afacoun) 
 
 4. NelH?nbiumluteum,\N\\\di., (Water Chin(iuej)in) Reported as 
 found in the Detroit River, at the entrance from Lake Eri^' to the 
 VVelland Canal, and near Burnham's Island in Grand River, a few 
 miles from Dunnville, Ont. 
 
 5. Corydalisflavula^\j C, (Yellow Corydalis) Abundant around 
 the stone quarry on the north end of Pelee Lsland, and on Pt. Peiee 
 {Macoun and Burgess) Pt. Abino on Lake Erie {Day) 
 
 6. Sisymbrium Thaliana, Gaud. Pt. Abino, Lake Erie. This is 
 our only recorded station, but Mr. Day, who discovered it, says it is 
 abundant and he thinks indigenous. 
 
 7. Viola pedata, h.y {Eird-iooX. Y'ioXqV) The sole known locality 
 we have for this very handsome species is Tp. of Charlotteville, 
 Norfolk County, Ont., where it is very abundant in open sandy soil 
 {Burgess) My specimens exhibit both the type and the var. 
 bicolor of Pursh. All other recorded references to this species refer 
 to Viola delphinifolia 0^ Nutt., which is common on the western 
 prairies. 
 
 8. Viola palmata^ L. This, the Viola cucullafa, var. palmata 
 ot Gray's Manual, is recorded only from damp woods near Aniherst- 
 burgh, Ont. {Macoun) 
 
 9. Poly gala incarnaia, L. Found in rocky places on the Nia- 
 gara River, near the Falls, by Douglas in 1823. 
 
 10. Silene stellata, Ait. Also found by Douglas, in 1823, in 
 dry, stony places on the Niagara River. 
 
 11. Silene nocturna, L. Observed growing at For^^ Erie, Ont., 
 in 1 88 1 {Day) 
 
 12. Dianthui armeria, L., (Deptford Pink) Litroduced into 
 the waste ground between Niagara Falls and the Canada Southern 
 Railway {Macoun) 
 
50 
 
 rOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 m. 
 
 13. Cerastium oblongtfolium, Torr. Low sandy woods close 
 to Amherstburgh ; Pt. Peleeand Pdee Island {Macoun and Burgess) 
 A rare and beautiful species. 
 
 14. Hypericum Sarothra, Mx. In Torrey & Gray's Flora this 
 species is recorded as a native of Canada, but we have no proof of 
 its occurrence. 
 
 15. Hibiscus moscheutos, L., (Swamp Rose-Mallow) It is one 
 of the handsomest flowers I know. Bright rose color or white, the 
 blossoms often measure from 3-6 inches in diameter. Islands in the 
 Detroit River {Maclagan) Marsh at the junction of Pt. Pelte to the 
 main land (^Macoun and Burgess) Roadside near Windsor, Ont 
 {Dr. Kemp) Islands in Niagara River {Day) 
 
 16. Ptelea trifoliata, L., (Shrubby Trefoil) Pelee Island 
 {Macoun) West side of Pt. Pelee {Macoun and Burgess) A few 
 specimens on the lake shore above Fort Erie, Ont. {Day) 
 
 17. Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq., (Burning Bush) In shady 
 woods and open thickets. White Island, opposite Amherstburgh 
 {Macoun) Amherstburgh, Ont. {Maclagan) 
 
 t8. Trifolium reflexum, L., (Buffalo Clover) Islands in the 
 Detroit River {Maclagan) About Sandwich and Amherstburgh 
 {Douglas) 
 
 19. Tephrosia VirginiaJia, Pers., (Goat's Rue) Covering acres 
 of sandy soil along the Lake Erie shore on the ist and 2nd Con- 
 cessions of Charlotteville Tp., Norfolk Co. {Burgess) 
 
 20. Onobrychis sativa, Lam. Introduced at Pt. Abino, near 
 Fort Erie, Ont. {Day) 
 
 21. Desmodium canescens ,\j'C Amherstburgh, Ont. {Maclagan) 
 Abundant in low sandy thickets at Pt. aux Pins and Pt. Pelee, Lake 
 Erie, Ont. {Burgess) 
 
 22. Desmodium ciliare^ DC. Dry sandy thickets, Queenston 
 Heights, 1877 {Macoun) 
 
 23. Baptisia leucantha., T. & G. Not detected since the time 
 of Goldie, who records it as occurring in rich alluvial soil on the 
 shore of Lake Erie. 
 
 24. Gleditschia triacanthos, L., (Three-thorned Acacia) A 
 number of trees of this species were found by Prof. Macoun and 
 myself, in the summer of 1882, growing in the sand dunes on Pt. 
 
THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 51 
 
 Pelee, The Professor's surmise is that the seeds had drifted across the 
 lake from Ohio, as sand is not the true habitat of this species. It is 
 quite a common tree in cultivation throughout Ontario. 
 
 25. Geiim vernufti, T. & G. Open, damp woods, Amherstburgh, 
 Ont. {Macoiin) 
 
 26. Agrimonia parviflora, Ait. Woods near Amherstburgh, 
 Ont. {Maclagan and Macouri) This is probably the form referred 
 to as Agrwwnia Eupatoria, var. parviflora by Hooker in his 
 " Flora Boreali-Americana." 
 
 27. Rosa setigera, Mx., (Climbing Rose) Borders of thickets 
 and along fences about Amherstburgh, and on Pelee Island {Macoiin) 
 
 28. Crahegus Crus-gallt, L., (Cockspur Thorn) Abundant on 
 Queenston Heights and westward to Amherstburgh^ where also it 
 was recorded by Maclagan {Macoun) About Lake Erie {Douglas) 
 
 29. Saxifraga Peimsylvanica^ L. Low places near Fort Erie, 
 Ont. {Day) 
 
 30. Heuchera Americana, L. Woods near Amherstburgh, Ont. 
 {Maclagan and Macoun) 
 
 31. Ludwigia alterntfolia, L. In swamps, Canada {Torrey ajid 
 Gray, Fl. N. Am. Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am.) A species of very doubtful 
 occurrence in Canada. 
 
 32. Lythrum alatum, Pursh. Amherstburgh, Ont. {Maclagan) 
 Low wet sandy places at Pt. Edward, Ont. {/. M. Macoun) In 
 ditches along the G. W. Railway, four miles east of Windsor, Ont. 
 {Mi.roun) 
 
 33. Opuntia Rafinesquii, Englm. In the sand at the southern 
 end of Pt. Pelee {Macoun and Burgess) Said also to grow on Long 
 Pt., Lake Erie. 
 
 34. Tkaspium barbinode, Nutt. Foster's Flats, Niagara Falls, 
 and on the Canada Southern Railway, between Colchester and 
 Amherstburgh {Macoun) Chippewa and Detroit River {Maclagan) 
 Pt. aux Pins, Lake Erie {Burgess) The referring of this species to 
 London, Ont., on my authority by Prof. Macoun in Part I. of his 
 Catalogue is a mistake, the specimen should have been placed under 
 T. aureutn. 
 
 35. Berula angusiifolta, Koch. Near Port Colborne, Ont., 
 July, 1882 {Day) 
 
 n 
 

 52 
 
 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 36. ClKtrophyllinn proctimhens, Crantz. Abundant on White 
 Island, in the Detroit River, opposite Amherstburgh {Macoun) 
 
 37. Archangelica hirsuta, T. & G. Both Pursh and Michaux 
 credit this species to Canada, but do not say where found. 
 
 38. Archemora rigida DC, (Cowbane) Sandy swamps near 
 Colchester Station on the Canada Southern Ry. {Macoun) Amherst- 
 burgh {Maclagan) Leamington, Ont. {Burgess) Port Colborne, Ont. 
 {McGill Coll. Herb.) 
 
 ' 39. Cornus asperifolia, Mx., (Rough-leaved Cornel) Growing 
 in sand on Pt. Pelee, Lake Erie {Macoun and Burgess) 
 
 40. Nyssa multi/lora, Wang., (Pepperidge) One tree was seen 
 in a field at Bismarck on the Canada Southern Railway {Macoun) 
 Abundant in a swamp near Leamington, Ont. {Macou?i and Burgess) 
 Common report makes this a plentiful tree in many swamps, hence 
 called ** pepperidge swamps," in Essex Co., Ont. 
 
 41. Galium pilosum. Ait., (Hairy Galium) Vicinity of Queens- 
 ton, Ont., and in sand at the southern extremity of Pt. Pelee 
 {Macoun) Amherstburgh {Maclagan) Pt. aux Pins, Lake Erie 
 {Burgess) 
 
 42. I'edia olttoria, Vahl. Sparingly introduced along Lake 
 Erie, near Port Colborne, Ont. {Day) Amherstburgh {Maclagan) 
 
 43. Vernonia Noveboracensis, Willd., (Iron-weed) Canada 
 {Pursh) Close to the railway station at Essex Centre, Ont. {Macoun) 
 Amherstburgh {Maclagan) Prof. Macoun states that the Essex 
 Centre reference should possibly be to Vernonia altissima^ as only 
 the leaves were obtained. 
 
 44. Vernonia cltissima^ Nutt. In damp places, St. Clair Flats 
 {/. M. Macoun) Along the G. W. Railway and margins of fields, 
 near Windsor, Ont. {Macoun) 
 
 45. Mikania scandens, L., (Climbing Hemp-weed) Moist shady 
 places along streams. Amherstburgh {Maclagan) 
 
 46. Liatris squarrosa, Willd. Dry gravelly or sandy soil, 
 Western Ontario {Gray) 
 
 47. Liatris spicala, WWld. Not uncommon in marshy meadows 
 between Pt. Edward and Sarnia, Ont. {/. M. Macoun) \bundant 
 in low sandy soil at Leamington, Ont. {Burgess) 
 
 48. Asler ericoides, Ait., var. villosus, T. & G. Port Stanley, 
 Ont. {Burgess) Windsor, Ont. {Macoun) 
 
THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 53 
 
 Vhite 
 
 -haux 
 
 near 
 
 herst- 
 
 Ont. 
 
 49. Silphimn pcrfoliatutn^ L., (Cup Plant) Rich soil along 
 streams. Islands in Detroit River {Madagati) In thickets along 
 margins of fields, Windsor, Ont. {Macoun) 
 
 50. Heliopsis Icevis, Pers. Dry thickets. St. Catharines and 
 Amherstburgh, Ont. {Maclagan) 
 
 51. Helianthtis parviflorus, Bernh. Thickets in alluvial soil in 
 Western Ontario {Goldie vide T. and G., Fl. N. Am.) 
 
 52. Actinomeris sguarrosa, Nutt. Islands in Detroit River 
 [Maclagan) Roadsides and along banks of River Thames, Chatham, 
 Ont. {Macouii) 
 
 53. Coreopsis trichosperma, Mx., var. teniiiloba, Gr. Islands in 
 Detroit River {Maclagan) Edge of marsh at junction of Pt. Pelee 
 to main land {J. M. Macoun) Border of marsh at Rondeau, Lake 
 Erie {Macoun) 
 
 54. Coreopsis tripteris, L. Amherstburgh and islands in Detroit 
 River {Maclagan) Around marshes and along the G. VV. Railway, 
 near Windsor, Ont. {/. M. Macoun) 
 
 55. Coreopsis verticillata, L. Moist places and margins of 
 swamps, Western Canada {Gray) On the beach near a marsh, a 
 little west of Rondeau, Lake Erie {Macoun) 
 
 56. Dysodia ckrysanthemoides, Lag. Rare. A railroad weed at 
 Fort Erie, Ont. {Day) 
 
 57. Cacalia atripliclfolia, L., (Indian Plantain) Canada {Cleghorn 
 vide Hooker) Moist woodlands. Western Ontario ( Torrey and Gray) 
 
 58. Krigia Virginica, Willd. Sandy ground. Western Ontario 
 {Gray) 
 
 59. Lactuca Flortdana, Gsertn. Islands in Detroit River 
 {Maclagan) 
 
 60. Fraxinus quadrangulata, Mx., (Blue Ash) Pelee Island 
 (Macoun) Pt. Pelee, Ont. (Macoun and Burgess) 
 
 61. Asclepias purpurascens, L., (Purple Milkweed) Amherst- 
 burgh and islands in the Detroit River (Maclagan.) 
 
 62. Sabbatia annularis, Pursh. Rich soil. Western Ontario 
 (Gray) 
 
 63. Gentiuna Saponaria, L. Moist woods. Western Ontario 
 (Gray) Fort Erie, Ont. (Day) 
 
 
^rj"^ 
 
 54 
 
 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 64. Phlox subulata^ L., (Ground or Moss Pink) Sand hills near 
 Simcoe, Norfolk County (Dr. NichoU) Near Cayuga, Ont. { Wilkins) 
 Very showy and abundant in sandy soil near Lake Erie, Charlotte- 
 ville Township, Norfolk County, Ont. (Burgess) 
 
 65. Giiia coronopifolia, Pers. Introduced at Port Dover, Ont., 
 1888 (A. W. Hanham) 
 
 66. Mertensia Vtrginica, DC. Alluvial banks. Pt. Abino, 
 Lake Erie (Day) 
 
 • 67. Ipomoea pandiirata, Meyer, (Man-of-the-Earth) Dry ground, 
 Western Ontario (Gray) In warm gravelly soil toward the south- 
 ern end of Pt. Pelee (Macoun and Burgess) 
 
 68. Cuscuta compada, Juss. Credited to Canada by Dr. Gray. 
 Amherstburgh ( Maclagan) 
 
 69. Solanum Carolinense, L. Sandy and waste grounds near 
 Fort Erie, Ont. (Day) 
 
 70. 'Gerardia purpurea, L. Low and moist grounds, Canada 
 (Gray) Niagara Falls and Pt. Pelee (Burgess) Windmill Point, 
 Lake Erie (Day) The var. paupercula is common from the Pro- 
 vince of Quebec to the Saskatchewan. 
 
 71. Tecoina radicans, Juss. (Trumpet Creeper) This species 
 is either indigenous on Pelee Island and Pt. Pelee, or it has become 
 so naturalized as to run wild and appear to be native. It is culti- 
 vated in other parts of Ontario as a garden flower for covering trellis- 
 work. 
 
 72. Pycnanthe?num linifolium, Pursh. Low wet meadows. Pt. 
 Edward, Ont., 1884 (/. M. Macoun) 
 
 73. Pycnanthemum muticum, Pers., var. pilosum, Gr. Pt. aux 
 Pins and Leamington, Lake Erie (Burgess) 
 
 74. Melissa officinalis, L. (Common Balm) Waste ground, 
 Pelee Island (Macoun) Well established in two or three places at 
 Niagara Falls, Ont. (Burgess) 
 
 75. Monarda clinopodia, h. Western Canada to Illinois ^G^rrtyj 
 
 76. Lophanthus scrophularicefolius, Benth. Borders of thickets 
 along the slopes of Queenston Heights, one mile beyond Queenston 
 Station (Macoun) 
 
 77. Scutellaria canescens, Nutt. River banks. Western Ontario 
 (Gray) Canada (Goldie) 
 
 fail 
 
 IE 
 
THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 55 
 
 78. Plantago cordata, Lam. Along streams. Canada (Pursh) 
 Amherstburgh {Maclagan) Ditches and swamps along the Canada 
 Southern R'y. at Colchester Station, near Amherstburgh {Macoun) 
 
 79. Anychia dichotoma, Mx. Shore of Lake Erie, Noriolk Co., 
 1867 [Ntcholl) Has not been reported since and should be looked 
 for in South-western Ontario. 
 
 80. Amarantus blitoides, Wat. Well established at Pt. Edward, 
 near Sarnia, Ont., 1884 {J. M. Macoun) Probably a railway intro- 
 duction. 
 
 81. Chenopodiwn ambrosioides, L., var. anthebnititicuni, Gray. 
 Lake shore, Fort Erie, Ont. {Day) 
 
 82. Moms rubra, L,, (Red Mulberry) Rich woods bordering 
 Lake Erie. Not uncommon from Niagara along the river to the 
 Whirlpool ; common on Pelee Island and frequently met with in 
 the woods at Amherstburgh and northward to Windsor {Macoun) 
 Sandy soil, Leamington, Ont. {Burgess) 
 
 83. Morus alba, L., (White Mulberry) Niagara Falls {Macoun) 
 Sandy plains, Sarnia, Ont. {Burgess) 
 
 84. Carya tomentosa, Nutt., (White-heart Hickory) Rather 
 rare in the Niagara Peninsula from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie 
 {Macoun\ 
 
 85. Carya porcina, Nutt., (Pig-nut or Broom Hickory) Not 
 uncommon in the Niagara Peninsula in woods along base of Queen- 
 ston Heights, about Niagara Falls, and at many points along Lake 
 Erie to Amherstburgh and northward as far as Windsor, Ont. 
 {Macoun) 
 
 86. Juglans nigra L., (Black Walnut) Once the commonest 
 wood in the district of which we are speaking, and still plentiful in 
 places from Niagara Falls to Amherstburgh {Macoun and Burgess) 
 
 87. Quercus Prinos, L., (Rock Chestnut-Oak) From the 
 Niagara River, along Lake Erie, to Amherstburgh {Macouji) Common 
 at Pt. Pelee {Burgess) Pt. Abino {Day) 
 
 88. Quercus palustris, Du Roi, (Pin Oak) Abundant in wet 
 woods below Queenston Heights and along Lake Erie and the 
 Detroit River to Windsor {Macoun) Pt. Abino {Day) Leamington 
 {Burgess) 
 
 89. Corallorhiza odontorhiza, Nutt. Woods along Lake Erie, 
 Norfolk Co. {Ntcholl) 
 

 S6 
 
 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 90. Pogonia pendtila, Lindl. Damp woods, Canada {^Coldit 
 vide Hook.) 
 
 91. Habenaria ciliaris R.Br. Canada {Goldie) Low sandy 
 soil, Leamington, Ont. {Burgess) 
 
 92. Aletris farinosa, L., (Colic root) Sandy thickets, Leam- 
 ington, Ont., 1887 {Burgess) ^ 
 
 93. Sviilax quadrangularis, Pursh. Thickets in damp woods, 
 Pt. Pelee {Macoun) Low woods near Leamington {Burgess) 
 
 94. Camassia Fraseri, Torr. White Island in the Detroit 
 River opposite Amherstburgh, 1882 {Macoun) 
 
 95. Erythronium propullans^ Gr. Rich soil, near St. Thomas, 
 Ont., 1882 {Macoun) 
 
 96. Melanthium Virgi, 'icum, L. Upper Canada {Hooker) 
 
 97. /uncus act:minatus, Mx., var. legitinms, Englm. Shore of 
 Lake Erie at Pt. Pelee and at Essex Centre {Macoun) 
 
 98. Potavwgeton paticiflorus^ Tursh., var. Niagarensis, Gray. 
 Rapids above Niagara Falls {Burgess) Niagara River, near the 
 brink of the " Hog's Back " {Tucker man) 
 
 99. Cyperus erythrorhizos^ Muhl. Pt. aux Pins, Lake Erie, Ont. 
 {Burgess) 
 
 100. Carex Steudelti^ Kunth. On banks along the lake at i'ort 
 Stanley, 1882 {Macouii) 
 
 10 1. Carex cephalophora, Muhl., var. angustifolia, Boott. 
 Abundant in rocky, grassy thickets on Pelee Island, Lake Erie 
 {Macoun) 
 
 102. Carex virescens, Muhl. Open woods, Niagara Falls, Essex 
 Centre and Amherstburgh {Macowt) Low woods, Leamington 
 {Burgess) 
 
 103. Carex triceps, "iAx. Abundant in rocky thickets, Queenston 
 Heights and Foster's Flats, Niagara Peninsula {Macoun) 
 
 104. Carex grisea,y^^h\. Damp thickets. Port Dover Junction, 
 Elgin Co., Ont. {Alacoun) 
 
 105. Aristida dtchotoma, L. Port Colborne, Lake Erie {McGUI 
 Coll. Herb.) 
 
 106. Triplasis purpurea, Chap. Sandy shore, Pt. Pelee and 
 Ft. aux Pins {Burgess) 
 
T 
 
 rHE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 57 
 
 107. Eragrostis major^ Host. Introduced along the railway at 
 Pt. Edward, near Sarnia, Ont. {J. M. Macoun) Windsor. Ont. 
 [Macoun) 
 
 108. Eragrostis Furshti, Schrad. Introduced along the railway. 
 In fields at Port Colborne and Windsor {Macoun) 
 
 Species in Canada almost restricted (so far as known) to 
 the Jake Erie District. 
 
 1. Ciniicifuga racemosa^ Nutt., (Black Snake-root) Rich woods, 
 Cayuga, Haldimand Co. {Maclagan) Norfolk Co. {Nicholl) Squaw 
 Island, Niagara River {Day) Also found by Mr. Geo. Prescott in 
 the vicinity of Gait, Waterloo Co., Ont. 
 
 2. LiriodendronTulipifera,'L.,l^\x\\^-\.xeQ. White-wood) Though 
 extending throughout the western peninsula of Ontario, from Hamilton 
 to the Township of Tuckersmith, Huron Co., it is really only found 
 plentiful and in perfection in what may be called the Lake Erie 
 District, where, with the black walnut, it once formed the great bulk 
 of the forest. When covered with its large tulip-shaped blossoms, 
 about the first of July, it forms an object of beauty that once seen 
 can never be forgotten. 
 
 3. Lechea major ^ Mx., (Greater Pinweed) Sandy woods near 
 Port Dover Junction {Macoun) Sandy soil, Windsor, Ont. {J. M. 
 Macoun) Pt. Pelee {Burgess) Also found by myself in sandy 
 woodlands at London, Ont. 
 
 4. Polygala sanguinea, L. Sandy ground. Sandwich, Ont. 
 {Maclagan) Pt. Pelee, Ont. {Burgess) Windsor, Ont. (/. M. 
 Macoun) Also reported by Logic and Buchan as occurring in dry 
 ground at Hamilton, Ont. 
 
 5. Silene Virgtnica, L., (Fire Pink) Islands in the Detroit 
 River {Maclagan) but also reported from Lake Huron by Dr. Todd. 
 This is probably the species referred to by Hooker, in his " Flora 
 Boreali- Americana," as Silene Pennsylvanica, occurring on rocky 
 islands on the north side of Lake Erie, he not having seen the 
 specimens. 
 
 r 
 
 I ■' 
 
58 
 
 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 
 
 6. V'Hs cattvalis, Mx. Abundant on Pelee Island and Pt. 
 Pelee ; Foster's Flats below the Whirlpool, Niagara River ; and in 
 thickets around Queenston Heights {Macoun) Vicinity of Hamilton, 
 Ont. {Btuhati) 
 
 7. Baptisia tindoria^ R.Br., (Wild Indigo) Sandwich, Ont. 
 {Madagan) Sandy thickets near Leamington, Ont. {Macoun and 
 Burgess) Oak-wooded plains of Charlotteville Tp., Norfolk Co. 
 ( Yates) Windsor, Ont, in sandy thickets {/. M. Macoun) Vicinity 
 of Hamilton, Ont. {Logie) 
 
 8. Poteritim sangutsorba, L. Well established at Pt. Abino on 
 Lake Erie {Day) This species was detected during the past summer 
 by our fellow-member, Mr. J. Alston Moffatt, in Halton Co., where 
 he reports it as becoming quite a troublesome garden weed. 
 
 9. Sedum iernatum, Mx. Rocks along the Niagara River and 
 Lake Erie {Douglas) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Buchan) As 
 Prof. Macoun says this is a doubtful species and should be carefully 
 looked for, and, if possible, verified. 
 
 10. Aster dumosus, L. South-western Ontario {Madagan) 
 Dry thickets, Windsor, Ont. {Macoun) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. 
 {Logie) 
 
 11. Gnaphalium purpureum, L. Abundant amongst grass at 
 Port Colborne, Ont. {Macoun) Common about Victoria, B. C. 
 {I'letcher) 
 
 12. Silphium terebinthinaceum^ L., (Prairie Dock) Open woods 
 and grassy banks, Cayuga and Amherstburgh, Ont. {Madagan) 
 Along the G. W. Railway, east of Paris, Ont. {Prescott) 
 
 13. Artemisia caudala, Mx. Half-way Island, Detroit River, 
 Ont. {Madagan) Gravel ridge, west of Fort Ellice, Manitoba 
 {Macoun) 
 
 14. Krigia amplexicaulis, Nutt. Damp grassy thickets around 
 Amherstburgh (Macoun) Islands in Detroit River (Madagan) 
 Near Lake Winnipeg {Dr. Houghton) 
 
 15. Vaccinium stamineum, L., (Deerberry) Whirlpool below 
 Niagara Falls (Madagan) Dry rocks. Thousand Islands in St. 
 Lawrence River {Macoun) 
 
 16. Steironema lanceolatum, Gr. Low grounds and thickets, 
 Western Ontario {Gray) Pt, Abjno, Lake Erie {Day) London, 
 Ont, (Burgess) 
 
THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 
 
 59 
 
 17. Acerates longifolia^ Ell. Sandy shore, Pt. Pelee {Macoun) 
 Sand beach at Pt. Edward, Lake Huron, Ont. {J. M. Macoun) 
 
 1 8. Hydrophyllum appendiculatum, Mx. Abundant in thickets 
 at Pt. Pelee {Macoun) Amherstburgh {Maclagan) London, Ont. 
 {Burgess and Saunders) 
 
 19. Lithospermum lattfolium, Mx. Open ground and borders 
 of thickets. Western Ont. {Gray) Bois Blanc and other islands in 
 Detroit River {Maclagan) Alluvial flats of Thames, London, Ont. 
 {Burgess) 
 
 20. Veronica Vtrginica, L., (Culver's Physic) Moist woods and 
 banks from Canada and the Winnipeg valley southward {Gray) 
 Islands in Detroit River {Maclagan) 
 
 21. Pycnanthejnum incanum, Mx. Dry soil, Canada {Goldie) 
 New England to Western Canada (Gray) Hamilton, Ont. {Logie) 
 
 22. Chainalirium Caroltnianum, Willd. Swamp near Brantford, 
 Ont. ( Yates) Canada ( Gray) Niagara River {Day) 
 
 23. Eriophorum lineatum^ Benth. & Hook. Pt. aux Pins 
 {Burgess) Low ground at the southern end of Pt. Pelee {Macoun 
 and Burgess) Gravelly river flat, London, Ont. {Burgess and 
 Millman) 
 
 24. Panicuni scoparium, Lam. Sandy woodlands, Pt. Pelee 
 {Burgess) Pacific Coast {Macoun) 
 
 25. Cenchrus tribuloides^ L. Port Colborne, Ont. {McGill Coll. 
 Herb.) Pt. Pelee and Pt. aux Pins {Burgess) G. W. Railway, a 
 mile east of Dundas {Logic) 
 
 26. Muhlenbergia diffusa, Schreb. Above the canal at Port 
 Colborne, in grassy woodlands {Macoun) Pt. Pelee {Burgess) 
 Hamilton, Ont. {Buchan)