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REPORT CF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA PART K: CLADOCERA By CHAN'CEY JUDAY SOUTHERN PARTY 1913-16 G70 1 ■i \ 3 C2t V . On 7 pt .H DTTXUA THOM A> M L"L \ EY PKIX-i ri TO Tin; K.1N\..- MuM LXCELLKNT MMt.^TV •u .■ Jiint ij. 19J0. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-18. VOl.lME MI : CRUSTACEA. 'art A: 'Hrt r.: 'arl C: •;irl D: ':irt K. 'iiit T: •iirl G: "art 11. 'Ml 1 : 'lilt J: 'art K: ■art 1.: ';irt M: I>1 CAro;) CIU STA('I:a:\> I',y .Mai> .l. Uiitlilnm [It^ued Arr,, 1020s. HAUASITIC COI'll'ODA Hy ClnrN s B. Wilson Iv presi^). CIKHU'EDIA. By H. A. I'lKli;- (. ■ •). REPORT OP THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA PART H: CLADOCERA By CHANCEY JUDAY. SOUTHERN PARTY 1913-16 OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY PKlNThR TO THE KlNGb MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1920 Iiipcd June 23, 1920. The Cladocera of the Canadian Arctic [:xpedit' , 191.)- 18. M\ ( IIWCKV .1" DAY. WiMriiiinin ilrotmj'nil ami Xntural lliHtitr^ Survry. The I .iiktuti rull(Ttii»nN McniriMl hy Mr. V. Juhnum-n iliiriiiR ihi' ( niihtlmn Antir lA|«ilitiiiii iirr cif (mrfinilHr irit«'ri-«f 'h.- k«'"- icrapliinil iliMtrilmtjim nf the « lu'lcMcru liciiui.ti- tiifv wt-rc !»•>• n 1 I'n'ii h rcnidii in wliii ii ('iilli(tii)ii-i li!ii| nut hern iiiii
  • |>r«'vi<»ui«l.v. TIk'm nti.rii'.- , i-h liiid Ix'cii colicctcil in (iri'cnliuul a ul in I.ubriuior on tin- t-ast anecies of fresh water and two species of marine ludocera. .* ' t these K|M>cies are wi II known (in-Jt). 1'!14. Konnanevik (Camden bay! lake among ve;; 'ritiDn. Mphippia. 4. July i: '.'Ml. CoUinson iM>int, Ala.ska. In vef. I, .'ion. To. i|)' iaiure of water at (i p.m., .')H'' F. Vounjs, just hatche, r.'14. Martin point, .Vlaska. \\\^ brackish lagoon about one- halt foot deep, no vegetation, reinjierature of water at 10a.m.,.Tr F. Alany, all sizes from newly h.atched to full grown with parthenogenetic eggs. »). August 14, 1014. Herschel island, Yukon Territory. Pomi on north- east end of island. .Abundant, some with e])hi))pia or winter eggs. 7. June 2.'), l!tl,'). Hernard harbour. Northwest Territories. Lakes and ponds on tundra, inland. Much, \egetalion. Many ephippia. 8. July H, 11U.5. Locality, etc. as preceding. Voung and ephippia. 0. July 1.'), 1015. Bernard harbour. Northwest Territories. Brackish pond near creek outlet. Large numbers of young, but none quite full grown. Enormous numbers of ephippia attached to filaments of algae. 10. July 19, lyi.'j. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territori h. Brackish pond near creek outlet. Many. 4e Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 11. August 4, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Brackish pond near creek outlet. Females with ephippia and many cast ephippia. 12. August 10, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Lake. Females with ephippia. ^ . . „ , 13. September 23, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Brack- ish pond near creek outlet. Ice one foot, water three to four feet. Ephippia. 14. October 6, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Tundra ponds on top of ridge southeast of harbour. Depth of water about one foot. Temperature of water 33° F. A few specimens. 15. May 25, 1916. Bernard harbour. Northwest Territories. Brackish pond near creek outlet. Ephippia. 16. June 17, 1916. Bernard harbour. Northwest Territories. Pond on south side of Chantry island. Temperature of water 50° F. Young (just hatched) and ephippia. 17. June 20 and 30, 1916. Bernard harbour. Northwest Territories. Brackith pond near creek outlet. Young and ephippia. 18. July 3, 1916. Bernard harbour. Northwest Territories. Tundra ponds (see fig. 4) on ridge southwest of harbour. Temperature of water 55° F. Commoa, immature. . 19. July 10, 1916. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Brackish pond. Females carrying parthenogcnetic eggs. 20. July 26, 1916. Cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories. Waterhole in brook-swamp on tundra. Much vegetation. Abundant, various sizes. 21. July 30, 1916. Herschel island, Yukon Territory. Pond on south end of island. Elevation about 100 feet. Many individuals of different sizes. The specimens in the various catches .seem to show that the ephippia or winter eggs begin to hatch in June, most of them probably hatching during the latter half of this month; females bearing parthenogenetic or summer eggs appear about the first week in July, while the males and ephippial females make their appearance in late July and in August. The season, therefore, is a rela- tively short one. , r i ■ The material from the United States National Museum contained Daphma pulex iypica from Battle harbour, Labrador; from Point Barrow, Alaska, col- lected in July, 1882; and from Polaris bay, Greenland, collected by the United States North Polar Expedition on August 1, 1872. The material from Polaris bay consists of several hundred specimens, the great majority being females with ephippia. Polaris bay is located in aliout 82° N. latitude, which seems to be the most northerly record, so far, for any of the Cladocera. In the north this form has also been reported from Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla, Fullerton on west side of Hudson bay, and St. Paul island, Bering Sea. In the southern hemisphere it has been found as far south as the Falkland islands and Tierra del Fuego (Ekman). A few specimens of D. pulex forma aestivalii^ Lilljeborg were noted in a catch obtained from a brackish pond between a big lake and the sea at Teller (Port Clarence), Alaska, on August 3, 1913. Three specimens of D. pulex var. middendorffiana Fischer were found \n a catch from a pond on the east end of Herschel island, Yukon Territory, taken on August 14, 1914. All were females carrying parthenogenetic eggs. This variety has also been noted in northern Europe, in Siberia, and in the New Siberian islands. Daphnia longispina 0. F. Mueller. A few specimens of D. longispina typica were present in a catch obtained from ponds on higher tundra in the vicinity of Teller (Port Clarence), Alaska, on August 6, 1913. DifTereht sizes were noted. Onie bottle in the United States National Museum contained typical speci- mens of this species collected on Bering island in 1882. Cladocera Daphnia lon&ispina var. hyalina forma arctica nova forma. 5> ;V) at Six plankton {-atchcs (vertical hauls) obtained from big lake (see fig. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, between September 30, 191o, and June 12, 1916, contain a diminutive form of the variety hyalina which is characterized chieHy by its small size. The crest of this form is small and regularly rounded so that the eye is situated near the anterior margin and only a little below the middle of the" head. The ventral margin of the head is slightly concave and the dorsal margin of the shell shows a slight concavity just above the heart. (!^ee figures 1 and 2.) Fig. l.—Daphnia Icngispina vnr. hyalina forma urrlica nov. forma. Big Lake, Hornartl harbour, Northwest Territories, September 30, 1915. Length, exclusive of spine, 0.97 mm. The egg-bearing females obtained in September range in length from 0-9 mm. to 1-0 mm., exclusive of the spine, while the February specimens vary from 0-7 mm. to a little more than 0-8 mm. The spine is from a half to two- thirds as long as the body. No ephippial females were noted in any of the catches from this lake, but six of tlie samples contained parthenogenetic females; the majority of the lattt^r carried only two eggs while a few bore as many as three, and others only one. Wesenberg-Lund also found that the parthenogenetic females of Daphnia longiapina belonging to the microcephala- galeata group, in plankton material from Thingvallavatn lake, Iceland, carried but two or three eggs. Flo. 2. — Daphnia longispina var, hitaUna forma aretira. Big Lake, Bernard liarbour. Northwest Territories, February 12, 1916. Length, exclusive of spine, 0.77 mm. Egg-bearing females were noted in catches obtained from the lake at Bernard harbour on the following dates: — 1. September 30, 191.T. Ice eight inches, depth of water 19 feet. Many. 2. November 28, 1915. Ice about two feet. Temperature of water at surface 32° F., below surface 32-5°. Few. 3. February 12, 1916. Ice 5 o feet, depth of water 20 feet. Temperature of water at surface 32° F., air 20°. Few. «II Canadian Arctic Expedition, 191318. 4. Februar - 18, 1916. Y',%['''\.^S^ZZ of surface water .2-5° F. yovmg ijJ/J'2,T9l'6' it 6 feet Te.uperature of Hurface water 33 F.. a.r 38° Young and adults common. Bosmina longlrostris (O. F. Mueller). following dates:— F Johaiwen, photo ..S,p.™...e,m,. ,.7.5 inch., ,.op,Ho,.h,w.te,».oe.. ..„e 1 , xi f «.o+pr 10 feet. ( ommon, ^^"t- September 30, 1915, Ice ^^^^^^^^ .l^d^mb!:^^ about a quarter of the spmme- wjth^^^^^y-^^ Temperature of the water at the watir at surface 32° F Very^fe.;. ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^,^,, ,,ter 33° F., a.r 5. June lii, lyio. ii^» " 38°. Few. Eurycercus glacialis LiUjcborg. „ +i,o rinflocera. Some indi- This .peri- i» on. of ™«/' '"'■"i 1^^:^^' o^rn'rr -J^. H.ve „e™ ...unO ,„ *e ,„o„ HtaX™ of the !W,' ''■">»"1„^ ..0,.. n.*..l in .hi» malcrial, Imt none cxcclcd Cladocera t E 3. August 10, 1915. Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories. Lake on tundra. Common, some females with ephippia. 4. August 16, 1915. Bernard harbour. Northwest Territories. Tundra ponds (sec fig. 4) on top of ridge. Elevation al)out 1(K) feet. Various sizes, eommon. 5. July 26, 1916. Cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories. Waterhole in brook-swamn on tundra. Aluch vegetation. Various sizes, few. So far this species has been found only in high northern latitudes. It has been reported from Nova Zembla, lake Enara in Finnish Lapland, ka, July 30, 1013; Station 'iO/i, Port Clarence bay, and at Station 21 a. h, c, (J8° 30' N. and 1G6° 32' W. This species of Podon has been reported from the west coast of Norway, from the Skagerrack, the Kattegat, and the North sea. Evadne nordmanni S. Loven. This marine dadoceran was obtaine.' in surface tow net catches from Station 20a, Grantlev harbour, Alaska; from Station 2()/i, Port Clarence bay, and from Station 21 a, 6, c, (58° 30' N. and \m° 32' W. It was most abundant in the material from Station 20a. This is also a widely distributed form. In the north it has been found on the west coast of Norway, up to 72 N. latitude, in the North sea, on the west coast of Scotland, and along the coast of Nova S; ,,tia. In the south it has been rejiorted from the west coast of Africa. LITKRATIUK. Apstein, C. IIMM. Cliiiiopcra (Daphnidac). NordiMhcs Pliiiiktoii , , ,, , , „• , Birgc, K. A. 19IS. The water Heas (Cladocera) . In NVard and W Inpplc s IreshwatiT Hiulogy, Bri-h'm' V '"'I'Jll. Die Entoniostraken dcr Danniark-Expcdition. Moddelplscr om C.r^nland, Bd. 4.5, pp. 30,->-;U7, pis. 18 ami 19. , ^ ■ . x- f ii i i>,. ,. r< Cushman, J. A. 1908. I'rcshwatir .Tustacca from Labrador and Newfoundland. 1 n" I >. Nat. Mus, Vol. XXXIII, pp. 70.5-713, pis. 58-62. ,. , „ Kkinaii, S. 1905. Cladocon'n iind Copcpod.n aus antarktischcn un.l subantarktisclicn liinncn- Kc\viU-«rn. Wi.ss. Ersjcb. dcr Srhwcd. Siidiwlar Exped., Bd. V, I,ief. 4. Juday, (". and Mutlkow.ski, K. A. 1915. Enlomostraca from ht. Paul island, .Maska. Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist.Soc, Vol. XIII, i)p. 2:{-;il. L- ijcboru, \V. 1900. Cladoocra Sueciac. pp. 701, pis. 87. I psala. ,. ,. . . .Sars <; () 1898. (nadot.ra, Copcixxla, and Oslracoda of the ,Ian,i ExpiMlilion. Annuairc 'Mus. Zool. -Voad. Imp. Sci., St. I'etcrsburtt, T. •->, pp. :52t-:{.59, pis. \ 1-Xl. Sars, (i. (>. I'.MWi. Cnista.'ca of the " Neptune" Expedition. Natural historj- report. Depart- ment of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa. , , „ ., 1, . I- ,nii M^l I„l Stephen.sen, K. lOUJ. .\ccount of the Crustacea and the Pycnogomda collected in 1911. .Menknd, Vol. 19, 1895, pi). 13.5-39. \\\s..nberK-I.un.l, C. ami OstenLdd, C. II. 1900. A regular fortmsl.l ly exploration of the i)lankton of two Icelandic lakes, Thingvallavain and Myvatn. Proe. lioy. hoc, Kdinburtjh, Vol. 2.5, Part II, pp. 1092-1167. o < v oo Wright, R. H. 1907. The Plankton of eastern Nova Scotia waters. S>'ssional paper No. .2<(, Tenth Parliament, Dominion of Canada, Vol. 41, pp. 1-15, pis. 7. Report of the Canadian Arctic Rxpedition. I'>I.^-19I8. Volume I: (•rneral Intrmliirllon, .t. '-', i:tr. I'art V S r>..i,, i/,. ;,. .,,r,r,uni I'urt 1',. l.ir.U. I'.y U. \\. An.|.T~Mi ;ij.il I'. \. 'I'.u ,ri!( r. in ;". inrali ,ni. Vnlumr 111: iDMCt*. Intro in. ti.m. Hy r v v';,,ri|(in Ili'witt. /n /timji, r.-iri \; ( .1;.mu...m;i r.v Ju.-.t.u,. U. I .,I~ii.i ./v„,l) j'art t : 1i.|)1,t;j. liy ( 'Ilis. W. M.'Mwi.iiT. ll:irrH.,n ( ;. Dvar, ami J l!.M,llo'-h (/«,.,./ art I). Villi ,pl,:i:;a ,„,(1 Ai,o|.|i,r;i. liy A. U I'.rik.T. (.. I', IVrna. ■in.l il. II. I- . Vijtti.li ' /.■„,„/> ,■"'.■■ ■'l'"l""r^'- i;,v.I. \l.S,v;>in... ll.r. h>II,c. W |...„K, an,] J. 1». Shcruiun, I,. ;..,.;.. I art I : il<)nu|.!iT:i. r.y I.. 1'. \ an I >u/i-i' ./«.■■.. ..'i. r:irt i; llyiih'n..i)t,'r!»ari.l I'liini liiill.H. By Alos I). Mw( lillivriv. « hurlw T. lini.'S 1 U I, >r„?,.„ :irnl 1.. i-nrri^r l-rli. i/.v.j,,/i. i >ui ;i, '"'"'*/.'„["?,'''''"' '^''"'■'' '""' ^'■^■'■""""'^- '■'■> ■'■ " '^I'K-rt.in, N.iilnn KmIv.-.. cin I Knipl, \ . ( !,,iinl„..rlni. I'lirtl. I..i,:ii..|,t,-n» liv Artlii.r ( ;il.*,ii. /,.,,i/. ■ . I'arl.l • r'ln;!.,.!,,. l,y L. M. ^^ .Jt,.r h, ,.r,.,. , I'lirt K <„n,Til ,11,:-. rvatii.n.-,<.ri iii.-.Tt I.Ui- ir. II... \,rUc. liy IV,!,- I.,li;in-cn. •In /.r, p.irih.mi. Volumr IV: Rotao}. I'lrt \: I r,-l,«Tircr M;^:!/' iin.M'ri'sliwut.T Dia'oiiii. Itv i Imrl,.- U. f.-.wc [In p'ei.r I'l ,if I'urt r. ilariiif Aiiiai'. lu- I . < 'olliiis. -.In itr. p <-!tu,n). I'art ' lunt'i. ilv .''ilin Uc'.rni'.-'. (/■! ;. -. (w,-,,';,.,, . Part I). l.inlR.na. liy K. I.. ^I^r^lll, -hi i>yrp,,,,u.m). Parti-; 'L.^s.-;. liy It. S. W illia::i-., /„;,r.:,vi Volume V: Botany. Part \: 1 !.)«.. riii'r i'lant.^ an.l l"crrn liy .la..,,-s .M. Mi.,,un an. I T!i.i..lor.. Holm, iln pr.-p„ra'''n\ I art I.: i ..mi. ra; Nuteson .\ri-tic \ cf.i.u i-ii. i;> I- rit.> .(..lian-'ni. i/ti i.rvptrji'Of . Volume VI: Flxhea, Tunicate^, Ktc. Part .\ ; ! ;-.ai-*. I'y F. .lohaiisnn. [In prf pii:>ju-tn). Part H. Asciili.iii.i. etc. liy A. (i. Ilunt-iii.-in. {In pnfmraliun'. Volume VII: Crustacea. Part \ !),'-l ( ru.-iai.|'ans. Hy M.irv .1. Itailih.jn Iiiue,!). Part U: .■^.■i.ij.ipoil < ■rii.>iiai'.-.iiis. Ity Ualiln 1.. >.liimtt. i/j.<.,.'.ii. Part (': 'umaiva. Ily \V. T. Caliiian. (/v pr.sii). Part 1_>: l«ipiKla. Hy Mi.i^t P. L. Ilii.ini\ (In prrna). Part I".: Ainpliip.iil.i. Hy ( ■larciicp li. Slr.i.'iiiaki..r. i/n /ir^o". Part P: P\f no-.ini.la. I..-nn .1. ( '..ir, (/ri /.,■,.« i. Part''.: lJ:,);iylli,iHiii.i. !U I . Ji.lialisi'n. ' In pripnrnlim). Part H: ( 'bMl.i.-i.ra. Uv Chatifcv .luiiav. 'Inpn.sa). I'artli I 'nira.inla. Hy H. W . Miarp:.." .'/-i /r. ;..rr,;,', ,,.,,. Part. I: Proslivvatcr ( i.|vpoila. Hy < '. iKvmlii .M.irsli. \lsmi\i, Part l\: Mann.. ( '..pi.p.wla. Hy A. Wil|,.y. (/,<.-•/■./). Part I, : I'ara.siti.. ( 'i)pi>p;|.iirn. {In prrii.inilinn). I'arl ';: !;..'at..na. Hy II. !\ . llarnim. In pvp'ir-iilinn). Part I'; ( ')i.i,.t,,^r|,atlia. Hv .\. d. lliinf.«nian. 'In prr-i .n'l ^n'' Part (1: .\.-t mill i an.! .M.ivonaria. By A. K. Vernll. iln pr.nanift.in I'art H: Mc.lii.ia;. ami < 't,-ii..pii,.ri. I'.y II. li. Hj;:i !,nv. /„ ;,,■, .■ . , Partl: Ily.!r.!iii<. Hv .M..l.i.:tli i 'ra.-..r. i/ii i.r.',. j. ./..jm. Part .1 P.,r.fora. Volume IX: Annelids, Par? : Worm!), l>roU>zoan!), Etc. Part .\: a'. Part I): (u.pliyr.-a. Hy i'.alpli V. CharaiuTlin. i/ .su«/\ Part K: .v. aniline.. piKila. Hy II. .1. Van Clravi'. Ixsnrii) I'art I'; Noiiiat.ida, Hy X. A. ("obi), iln //•■epon-iion). Part'i: Trotiiai.nla. liy A. K.Codppr. tin p'-'pnrnti.m). Part II: ('cstoila. Hy .\. I{. ( 'nip..-. ' In iiri puritmn). Part I: Tiirli.llaria. By .\. Ila.'.~i'li. In pr-- parol i<^ni. Part .1: < i.inliar.-a. P:irt K: Xc.incrtir.i. Part L: .'^[Kir.izoa. Hy .1. W. Mayor. •In prrparalum). Part -M: Foramini.fera. liy J. .V. Cu.shman. i./.v-oic/i. Volume X: Plankton, Ilydrosnphy, Tide«, Etc. Part .V: Plankt..ii. Marin.- I)i:it.iiii.s. Hy Albert Mann. f/.i /.rrpirfi- .... .. P:irf H: Ti.|:il i Hi.prv.-itiun..* snd UctuUs. Hy W. i(ell l)a>v-.in. Jn ,-)-,sj'.. PartC: llyilr.iKraphy. Jn preparalwn).