IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 & <^ /. ,* *- < ^' ^ kiS- & 'W WM i/.. 1.0 I.I \ ^ IliM 1.8 1.25 U 11.6 — 1 — -^ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN S1REET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 <; Wa ^ fe CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ECMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha reproduction, or which may significantly change tha usual method of filming, are checked below. □ Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ D D n D Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture reataur^ et/ou pellicula I I Cover title miasing/ La titra da couverture manque □ Coloured mapa/ Cartas giographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.iv. autre que bleue ou noire) r~] Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planchea et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli4 avac d'autras documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serrie peut causer de ■''^mbre ou de la diatorsion le long da la mairge intArieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainea pages blanches ajoutAes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte. maia, lorsque cela itait possible, ces pagea n'ont pas iti film^as. L'Institut a microfilm* la meiileur exemplaire qu'il iui a M possible de se procurer. Las details de cat exemplaire qui sont peul-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une imege reoroduite, ou qui peuvent axiger una modification dans la mAthode normaia de fiimaga sont indlqute ci-dassous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagtes Pages restored and/oi Pages restauries et/ou pelliculdes Pagea discoloured, stained or foxei Pages d4coior*es, tachaties ou piquies Pages detached/ Pages ditachies Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Quality inigala de ('impression Includea supplementary matarii Comprend du metiriel suppi^mentaira Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponibie ryi Pagae damaged/ r~~| Pages restored and/or laminated/ I "1 Pagea discoloured, stained or foxed/ r~n Pages detached/ r~7 Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ n~1 Includes supplementary material/ rn Only edition available/ D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les psges totalement ou partiallemant obscurcies per un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont iti filmies A nouveau de facon A obtenir la meilleure image possible. r~7 Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppiimantaires Various pagings. Pages 81-88 are repeated. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X I I I I I I I I 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X e 6tails IS du lodifjer t une Image 18 The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated imprcts- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —^-(meaning "COI^- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grfice d la g6n6rosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationaie du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet^ de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimde sont film6s en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iliustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmfo en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iliustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole y signifie "FIN". srrata to pelure, in A Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est f ilm6 d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenariit le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 mimm \ Classital ^ITfxt-lSooh Scries. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE: A f'li.Ml'AMUN TO HARKNESS'S LATIN GRAMMAR. l'(H; •jjiK rsK OF INTERMEDIATE AND UNIVERSITY CLASSES BY JOIIN^ SEATIT, B.A. III-.AIJ .M.vslKK, ST. CATHAUINICS COLLEGIATE INSTlTUTi:, AND JOHN HENDERSON, M.A. CLAS.-^KAL JIA.-,TEIl, Vf. • A 1 11 AKINfi;s CcjLLLt.IAli; I.N iTITCTE. U. oronla : CUPl', CLAlUv & CO., !) VUOXV STREET \VE8T. PA 1081 SI Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in tlie year one thouBand eight hundred and eighty-one, by COPP, CLARK & CO., Toronto, Ontario, in the Otflce of the Minister of Agriculture. PEEFACE. The object of this vohnue is to furnisli candidates for University Matriculation and the High School Interme- diate Examination, with a suitable manual, and to assist the teacher of Latin in economizing his time. The Au- thors are of the opinion that Graunnar and Composition are best taught when they are taught togetlier, and that a good deal of labor is unnecessarily spent in committing to memory one set of rules in the text-book on Granmiar and another in that on Composition. They have, conse- quently, omitted introductory remarks to the exercises in Part I. and explanatory comments in Part II., and refer simply to tlie paragraphs in Harkness's Latin Grammar, which paragraphs the pupil is supposed to have studied thoroughly before attempting to write the exercises based thereon. He will also find it to his advantage to memo- rize many <.f the quotations introduced in Harkness's Syntax to illustrate the ditfereut rules. It was at first intended to merely adapt Mr. Belcher's " Short Exercises " to the Latin Graunnar ; l)ut when the work had been proceeded with for some time, it was found impossible to do this satisfa ctorily owing to the want of a Vocabulary for Part II., and of suitable exer- cises on the Syntax of the Verb in Pai-t I. The first part of this volume has, therefore, been wholly rewritten Part I. of the "Short Exercises " being hicorporated in those on the Syntax of the Noun and Adjective. The exercises have also been made gradually more diflicult, as an introduction to independent composition. The Vocabulary is intended to supply little more than the Latin for the EngUsh word, and is supplemented by foot-notes to the exercises, in which the common idioms vi English and Latiu ai-c cuutrastoU. An the work in iu- VI rRKFACE. tended as a clafis-b„ok, the Autl.ors Jmve avoided givin- too much hdj), and a gc^od deal has been left to the inteK ligenc of the pupil j.nd the judgnitnt of tlie teacher. Part IT. requires little comment. The exercises in it consist of translations from the best Latin Prose authors and an eflbrt has been n.ade to adhere as closely as irossib to the Latin uithout an undue sacrifice of the i^nghsh. As in l>art L, the exercises are graduated in difhculty and the idioms of the languages nu.rc and n>ore contrasted. It is hoped that it will save the teacher the tnne now lost in dictating exercises in the class. The Grananar Papers, which have been selected from Mr. Belcher's sets, and those of London, Toronto, and other Universities, with additions based on Harkncss's Grammar, will be found useful by those who have not access to the sources whence they have been taken. Before beginning the study of this volume, the pupil should have completed Harknesss Introductory Latin Look and made some progress in the Latin Reader and Grammar, to tho latter of which this "Composition" is intended to serve as a Companion. Many of the later exercises in both Parts are too difficult for the ordinary Intermediate candidate ; but, while the first thirty-nine of Part I. and the first fifty of Part IL are especially de- signed for this class of pupils, further progress may be easily secured, now that their examination is held but once a year. Any suggestions from teachers for the improvement of the exercises will be thankfully received by the Authors who will be gi^tified if this venture of theirs prove as useful to their fellow-teachers as they anticipate it will in their own classes. St. Caiiiai;ini:s, Juiiuar.v, IsSl. COXTEXTS JCXKf.TlSKs IN J.ATI.N 1' J' A KT r IJOSK PACK VA i:t t r. I^ATrN KxKiicrsKs am, Pass Vhosk I>\|.ki!s VA II T Til. lv\A.MrNAT.,.N I'AI-Kns l.V f.ATIN (Jl.'A.M.M.VK A'"<'Ai;ii.Ai:\- xxu PAET I.* I. NOMINATIVE : ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. (362-300, 375 & 545) ». I. It was said that Servius, the general, had crossed the river with hia army. ^ ^' '^^ mornTug." *^' ^'''''' '"^^"^ ^'"^'^ *^^ "^^^ ^^ tli« 4. The robbers had heard that all the horses were hidden in the neighbouring wood. "^uuou 6. It is believed, Servius, that the robbers in this thick wood have been made prisoners, 6. Caius having been declared an exile said that he had seen horses and men in the wood '■ ' '"dc,U„' ih "K "' '"'"^ ■• "'°y '»y ^l'^^" -» hid. '■*■ '"',Sni".'„i'Tn" r "" "■* ^"* """ *<«'<''"'" »l-o are (lUigtMit, daily learn wisdom. ^^" "^^ teadiers.*^"^ ^'"^'^' ^'^"' ^ ^''^* ^*^^^ ^^°^* ^i«« '' ''%?^cMng^.tti^^^ "'^ *^^^^^^ ^^^*^^""y' '« «^-fly 12. They say that flowers can feel pain ; but experience the best instructress, denies this. ' 1 The references are to .he paragraphs in Harkness' Latin Grammar thistU'be1r,rt'lll^^tXtSl SSo ° '^.r^^-^^^Z^' construction, aaid to have," &c. '"""wmg torm also ;-" Servius, the general, was is reTSi?eyiltr;fvirb:t"?^^^ ^y t'^e verb perfect innnitive *4ot-' IZTapud' '^ '" *" ^' ''"^'^'^^^'^ ^J' «'« witlf frrS'\ri:^'^Ar^r^rn"nt*'o^n^^?l* ^'^I?, '^^'^'"^ ^^^"-^ Paragraphs G03-C06 shouW beSn up wE ^Vuired^^ <'''" -'^'^'^' 2 KXERCI8E3 IN LATIN PIIOSE. 13. Qnii\his had read that all the flowcra in the garden feel |)ain. 14. All (lowers cannot feel pain, but it is clear that this ilower feels it. 15. I think that my horse, which is everything (say : "all things ") to me, is in the field. KJ. They would have seen that there arc ten horaea in this lield. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. II. ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. (371, 375 & 545.) We hear that you have caught fish in the lake. Do you tliink that your friend has dreamt a wonderful dream ? We hope to catchi a good many fish in the river to-day. I have heard that th6re are excellent iish in the pond which is near your house. Titus ha.s promised to go with us : (but) he says that his friends stand round him in tears. They would have undertaken to finish the business by- themselves. You were in the habit of saying ^ that a business well begun is well ended. You used to say that men desire to command others. Have you heard that a new book has been sent to you by a friend^ who laughs at Fortune ? We have promised to give him a book. The ancient Germans are said to have gone across the river Rhine. Tacitus says that the Germans valued the advice of women. They used to say that women speak with prophetic voice. 1 After verbs signifying " to hope, to promise or to undertake," the Eng pres. iiif 13 translated into Latin by the fut. inf., with its subject ex- pressed in the accusative, thus :— " He hopes /o co??ie" becomes in Latin " Sperat se venturum." a 469, XL a See 414, 5. 14. 15. 16. EXERCISES IN LAl'IN PROSE. 3 It i« 'Joclarecl that the Germans never despised the an-swcrs of women. All tho ancient nations considered women holy Tacitus has roo<.nle.l that women were always esteemed by the (Jcrmaus. v».xucu 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. III. TWO ACCUSATIVES. I. —Of the same person or thing. (372 & 373). ^^^o'// ].ni>' ^^1 Y^ ^•''', "^^^«" king, not render him- self both useful and industrious ? The Romans chose Marius consul for the seventh time rhey had made Ciusar consul on account of his victories sdvt poSuT' ''^ ""^"^^^ "^^^^ *« *^-k *h-- ^^t!3^v'e^'''^' *^''' ^ ^"'^^'''' ^"^ have placed thee in The consul Cicero thought Catiline a wicked man Havm r set out they saluted Marius (as) consul Who said that he had made Fortune a goddess ' She has-been made a goddess by both the rich and the To create Marius consul was a dangerous (thing') You had considered yourself industrious and good h^^^conS* ^'""' ' ^'"^ ^''^ ''^^'^^'^S^ *^^^y °^de He may think' you good : he does not think you happy No one was made happy by Sulla, although by him many were made rich. ^ -^ ^ the conjunctions, but nV ^ut cf beLre'the list only.' SST.' 6.' ''T,^^\''' 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. BXFRCISES IN LATIN PROSE. IV. TWO ACCUSATIVES. II. — Of different persons or things. (374 & 370). My father taught me letters, although he concealed his reason from me. His mother would have taught him music. Why did not his mother conceal her' design from him ? It is very difficult to teach some people to be wise. Socrates, the wise man, had taught 'many people (say ; " many men ") many things. The master teaches all of us letters very carefully. Achilles was admonished of these things. When were you asking peace from the Gauls who live in the Province ? Verres asked a price from parents for the burial of tbeir children. The soldiers kept on asking^ their general for money for this reason. It is not easy to ask (one's) friend for money. Do not=* ask your brother for the book, because he has not read it himself. He thought that Balbus had led his army across the Rhine. He has been taught the Arts by his father. Let us beseeuh God for our daily bread. He doubled the original number of the Senate, and called (those) of the eider families, the ancient Sena- tors : and them* (say : "whom") he asked first for their opinion. 1 Use suus for his, her, and their, when they stand for tho same person as the suuject of tlie verb. lu tli" same way use the proper case of sui for him, her, &c. In the case above, i^ her refer to moihsr, use suus; other- \pise. use the proper case of is. Of course, when the reference is obvit.uB his, her, &c., may be omitted in translating into Latin.— 448 aid 449. ' 2 2i:Q, IL 3o84, 1. 4^63, ■i-: LXERCISE3 IN LATIN PROSE. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. .15. 16. V. REVIEW EXERCISE. (362-37G). I, an enemy, said that I hoped to alay an enemy. Socrates, who is considered a wise man, called himself a citizen and mnabitant of the whole worhl. ^^^mbar ^'^''^^'^^^'^ *^^^^ ^""^^8 ^roin their father Han- It is very difficult to conceal (one's) faults from a friend T ho proves himself to be a true friend. His brother always denied that he (himself) was clever. He saidi he could not come to-morrow on account of the return of h:s brother, who had lived a wickccl life Ovid the poet, thought himself a great man, and says that his verses are excellent. All of us thought Titus a clever general, Fabius who had been created consul, showed himself an example of patience. ^"^ fr^'n'r^r'' ^t'"' ' ^ ^'^P^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^1 ^onceal nothing from me, who am your father. ** ^^'hfs geuerak ^' ''^'''^' """""^ *" '"^"'^^ ^'' P^*"« ^'■«" Hannibal has promised to attack the enemy. The encrrrv- have said that they will resist the attack. although the gt--eral has turned out wonderful ' It has been said that History is a good instructress. m^ ^"^ ^^"""^ ^^""^ ^'^ ^^''^^'''' "^^^ * ve^'y c^<^ver " Zlte'm:rch" *''' ^''""'^' *^^* ^^« ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ' Whenever proper tense „f «Jai-t if itv'are ;uJ^1?jT'\ *''*'°"1''^" *^"" ''^ *»>« ■question; othermdnaedixuLTon'^^ '^ ^" ""^ "'"'^ '" ''"«^*'''' ^ <* 6 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 6. ACCUSATIVE. Duration of Time and Extent of Space. (378). 1. Troy Avas besieged for ten years by the Greeks under the leadership of Agamemnon. ^ 2. The Greeks were besieging Troy, a fine city, for ten years. 3. Not many cities have been besieged for fifteen years. 4. His father was six feet high ; his brother was taller than his father. ^ 5. He, who is six feet high, and therefore a taller man than I am, says that the Arabians have slender swords, each four ^ cubits long. We saw yesterday a house fifty-five feet high and eighty feet broad. ° "^ 7. This house was built twenty-five years ago.* 8. Caesar led his forces three miles away from the Forum. 9. The army marched, by forced marches, one hundred and fifty -eight miles to his camp, where they asked him for corn. Caesar's gardens are on the other side of the Tiber, and are twelve miles from Ostia. I have V'^lked to-day twenty-two miles : which^ is a long journey. The town of Saguntnm, situated nearly a mile from the sea, was by far the most wealthy ef the Spanish towns. ^ Ten years ago a wall r. Iiich stood here was twenty feet high and one thousand feet long. This wall is said to have been built by the Romans 1800^ years ago. It was i^uilt by JuKus Agricola, who lived many yejirs in Jiritain. 16. Caesar's camp was pitched three miles from the camp of Ariovistus. 10 11. 12 13 14 15 8 Qof Vtt ^ *H'o^- ^^ Use distributive numeral. *See also 427. 6445,7 ' 396, III. 7 See Grauimar, p. 5(3, note 3. ' EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. VII. ACCUSATIVE OF LIMIT AND SPECIFICATION, &c. 1. 2. .3. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. (379, 380 & 381.) I am-going-to-start ^ for Rome at once. My brother and I ^ went to the city of Rome yesterday. Blind that I am ! Marcellus sent the boy to the army at Capua (say: " to the army to Capua"), which was encamped at' a distance of two miles. In the name of the Gods ! did you receive a message from Marcellus, the great general. He told us that he was setting out for Capua, a city of Italy, and that there* are three roads to Mutina. His brother and I walked ten miles yesterday, and went to York. Capua, a city of Italy, is distant ninety miles from Rome. It was announced to Marcellus that the Carthaginians had at this time set out in the direction of Syracuse. Why did the Carthaginians set out for Syracuse ? They were not at all moved because the army of the Romans had encamped close to the walls of the town. holy Jupiter ! did he wish to go home to Rome with me yesterday ? He said that he had wished to go into the city with mv brother. "^ Cassar marched with his whole army to the town of Marsedles and besieged the inhabitants. Tliey are all going with your father into a country where the inhabitants live chiefly on milk and flesh. Where are you going? Wretched that I am ! I am going to Delos as-fast-as-I-can. It is pleasant to return home after hard labour. M70. Latin, 2 463, n.,L 8 378. * The English expletive is omitted in EXERCISES IN LATIxV PROSE. I!! 1. 3. 4. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. U. 15. 16. VIII. DATIVE WITH VERBS. (38.3, 384 & 385.) Show me, my friend, the book of which you spoke It was announced to the multitude that the two Consuls had been killed by the enemy who had surmmded the city with a wall forty feet high. "Show us," cried they, "the road": we will destrov that city or die for our country " f'estroy He i^rsuades his fnends that life is the end of all things LTcHfficuF^^"' "^" ''''' ^^ ^"-- -*^-g - Caius proved to the citizens that they knew nothing • ^e^^:SJ^' ^^— ^- to labot^-fd '^hetttfth'^y^^^r:^^^ ^^ ^^' P--^ *« "' 'rcS^^el '^ "^ '"^"^^'" ^^ ^^^> "th^ -^ole To fight for liberty has always been considered bv tlie ancients to be the road ta Honour. ^ It has often been told you that the temple of Jupiter is situated on a hill four hundi-ed feet hi^^h ^ ^ ^' Wt.S%?K'''f ir^^' "'^?"y ^^^^^^ ^^'^ ^en en- trusted to him by Cicero, the orator. O, immortal gods ! how blind avarice renders men ' '"'°'«^^'^'' 1445,4. 8 438,3. ^402,111.^1. *380, 2. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. IX. DATIVE WITH VERBS. (Continued). ]. They gave the general as a present-a helmet, a shiel.I and two spears : he pitched his camp near the city or Syracuse. '' 2. Caesar to whom they had given these things, had set out tor Marseilles. 3. Give me back my legions, Varus, which thou hast lost. 4. I entrust to you, my friends, these children: tell your son that I am starting for Cumae, a most delightful 5. Marcellus had already given his helmet and shield to his slave who is called Achilles. 6. This benevolent woman gave money to the wretched Ws ' ^"^^' s^'^erely wounded, died after a few ^' '^^TuhI* ^""^ ''''^ ""^ ^'' children,! a little girl, called ^•' ^^^rfufto'^mi"^ ^ ''"^'''^"^ ^'"""^ ^°''' ^^' ^""^ "^"^* y^Jsist^r r' ''' ^°'' ^"'""^ ^^*" ^^'' ^""^*^'>' ^^^^^ 11. He turned out to be the son of the Consul, and lived ten days alter lus father's return from Spain. 12. This little boy has entrusted me with the money 13. Bread was given to the people by the benevolent women, aU of whom had promised to assist him. 14. We shall all walk to London to-morrow- where we shall remain for eight days. ^^' '^^lWv''^*n?^. ^'^'- "^y P'-^t^r.^ ; .re anxious for liberty, and hate the condition of sla/ery 16. "Rencler." it has been said, "unto Caesar the things which are Cesar's. "hiims. 1 390, ill., 2, 2) ; also ex with ablative. = Cf. the idioiu in all o/^,. 10 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. X. DATIVE WITH VERBS, &c. (Continued). i . Marcellus says that he can not satisfy himself. "■ "orote7st;.*«.i"' %^^^^ «» —if than on any- •1 T^i "^^^^^^*y- any other person"). ^ ow°'Sc.rt:"^^™"' '■^«™- »-'" f" their "*■ '^''Loy^fr " "'"" ■"»-• ^hose house has been de- '■ '"' wr^chX'^"""*'''' """ »i»f»rtune, and helps the 7. It is very difficult to help an obstinate man, '■ "Bri,rl 7™'f,T' *" ^'''>'™- i" ■■' S-»t »trait. haSd" " ""' '"' ''^'''''™«'- " «»^ '="»'»y »re at 10. They had brought the general a horse and a sword. 11. -tJacuhis had been sent forwflrrl +M T oi • holding the top of the hUl *" ^^^^'^"^' ^^^ ^^« 12. Thou wilt send his brotlipr fn +i,^ i • i • the eamp of d^sar *^'' ^'"^' ""^^ ^^ ^^^ "^ ''■ """'thtk i^e' '"" *^ *^^"^^^-« - *h« -J«t of the ■ ^''^^i^ ^-"^' "^- ^ 1-g time y'ou have ''• "^'^dinfyouSl^^ *'^ "^^^' "^^^^^•' I h-e never XI. RFVIEW EXERCISE. (378—385). 1. The house of the spider did no good to the flies whioh were anxious for his friendship ' ^^ "' ^' I's no'uut'a Jjf \^hi« «.^^t"-te -an, because he uucb not put a, check on his anger. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 11 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. U. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. The brothers Sosii are booksellers, and are very useful to all of us. The slaves, to whom the masters were givins? monev went away from Rome yesterday. ' You will return to your brother these five minte. He sent a messenger to Marseilles, when Ca3sar was be- sieging the town. We shall all walk to London to-morrow, where we shall remain for eight days. Cicero sends his compliments to you, and your brother. TuUia had told us that her brother, and all our friends are well. He promised to kill certain animals that live for a few (lays. London, the capital of Britain, is distant from York two hundred miles. Tell them that m.any dangers surround them, although the town is distant nearly tifteeii miles from Car- thage. The learned Cicero ^ informs us that be is a very learned man. "^ I am able to assist you, my friend, for my house is large. The flies listened to the spider with much pleasure."'' Caesar plunders and burns the town, gives the booty to the soldiers, leads his army across the river, and reaches the territory of the enemy. 2. 3. 4. XII. REVIEW EXERCISE. The army had been seen by the messenger, who said that cavalry were now crossing the river. The general sent word to the brave general Brutus that he had marched forty miles. CiEsar asked Labienus for help. "I have," said he, "no cavalry with me. ''• The camp A'as pitched on the top* of a hiU, and sur- rounded ^ by a ditch two hundred feet long. 5 Th^cf ^- '"^'"i" °f*°" ^^'^'''''^' ""^ Ip'urned man. 2 414 5 This may also be translated accordiug to 579. 3434,5. H41,6. 12 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. ^' ^^'tVeloo*^' ^'"^ *^** ^""^ ^'''*^ ^^^^' *^'y ^^^ ^•^^^^^^^i V Z^'""^ "^'" ^''^^'^ ^''^ ntultitude, " bread or money " master ot the cavalry. a I am going to-morrow to Syracuse, a very beautiful city, situated in a fine country. 9. It is related that the spider said to the fly that his house Whs itir^^c 10. The^|KK>ple of-Rx>me ^ made Marius Consul, after a great *'■ ^' SL^ty'^earr"' "^^ ''''" '^"^ ^^^^^ ^" ^P'-^- f^ ^^' ^ ^rSl.*^^":^ *^'' !?'''"''^ ' ^"^'''^"« ^^« "Pi^i'^n about the 14 PI "'^"'^'"^^'^"^'^^ ^'^'-^^^ occurred on the top of the hill. learnc^l man"^'^'"'"'' ^' ""''"^'^ ^^""^ ^'^''^' '' ^ ^"««* XIIL DATIVE WITH VERBS. (Contmued.) 1. The queen commands her servants, who at once obey her. one "'^ ''"* ''■'*^' ^''' ^'^^''^ *^^* *^^y ^i" harm no 3. Obey your parents ; help the wretched ; do good to all. 4. iliey serve a hard slavery to Metellus the Consul '• ""'Xtt^^^tsrs^i^e ^^ ''"^^^^ •• ^^ ^^^ --"^* 7. Money is to Horatius a servant,^ to Seneca a master.' 8. Ten slaves obeyed Horatius, a kind-hearted man. » ^l, 6 a See p. ll, note 1. s Use .,.„,,v^ and impcrare. EXERCISES IN LATIN PEOSE. 13 ^^^" '^^^"j;,;X;'f^'^^ I reply, "Be your own ^^' "^ '''bacr'^^'^ ^ ^''"'' ^^'''"'' '^^'''^' ^'^'^ *° ™® *<^' ^^ 12. The wise m,-.ster gave orclers^ to his servants that the letter Bliould be brought.* 13. Certain animals arc by nature obedient to man and some men are the servants of (say : "serve") others' 14. Julms Agncola served Onesar and became himself a trreat general. ° 15. It was reported that you commanded these undertak- ings, O toohsh Consul ! lt>. Cicero is said not to have been lord-of himself, though he wished others to put a check on themselves XIV. DATIVE WITH COMPOUNDS, &c. (386, 387, 389 & 390). 1. The Consul, who had the name of his father, conferred- benefits on his soldiers. '^- ^^VlY' ^id a kindness to his master, Lucilius the I'rsetor, who was present with his friends '■ "° yotrilLS:""'" ' ""' ■""' ^"^ ■"-' '^-i *° =^' ^' '"''"whor!;!;^ will resist the general of the Komons Whose name is Varus, «3. We have resisted your plans, for avarice is an evil (say : " for an evil " ) to men. ^' ^ ^'motho^'Tv. ^^^^-^^^^r*«. Hut that whidi was attributed to ,no as a crime nof only was not a fault: it was (oven)" mos?";i' ''• '"''t^!!::^:i^ ''''' '^^^'' ^« ---- *« -^^^ ago XVII. REVIEW EXERCISE. (384—392). '■ ^" t1 so'nlir^ *''* ^'"^'^ ^^ ''"""^'^ *" «"' and hateful 2. Marcellus used to be Drpspnf n+ o„„ i ■''■ ^^X" '^'*'' '"■• ^"'""'^"- I""' (»y^ "unless") *• ' " ".JmS""' '° "' P'"""' -""" "'o "coep'ablo to the ■"'■ "'TtM;;;,%:;r^;:;^;r.rr^ '» - --' ^-«-- "■ ''""n^n'Z^T' """•'" ^"^ "^ -S'-y : ' P-'" check '■ ^""t o ■"i„":iT'' ■"> »"« '" -PV by words his km,l„css i- When Kegulus returned to Carthage he rsav • "R. lus having retnmprl " Xr^\^V , ^ ^y : "Kegu- 13. Oellins used to spa.k .Jl , ,„o,vbody. even of his own "■_ '"'"eaTeMly."'^" ''''' '''"^' governed their tongue. SB > 438, 4. 8 578,1. a iri-itr«y 'ri i T~ i ft:"iiT 11, EXERCISES IN LATIN FR08E. 17 16. He who now goes from the-country-of-the- Veneti ( Veneti) to Naplea crosses the Apennine mountaina. ' 1. 2 3. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. XVIII. GENTITIVE, SUBJECTIVE, OBJECTIVE AND PARTITIVE. (395 & 396.) My father's opinion was asked by his brother Horace Let lis see this man's horse, which he says is a good (one) We have aU learnt that the waUs of the city are very ^' tTerrfottVeVarveS.^^ "^'^^«^^^' «° ^^^^ ^^^ '« Near Capua I saw Hannibal's camp, which was very large ihey have sent a quick messenger to my friend Cecilia's husband and sister, the former ^ of whom is twenty- years ''T' ^''^^ "^"" ^^''^ ^'"^ twent7?our The tomb of Metellus is close to Rome, a city of Italv where the most opulent of all men live. ^ ^' Hector's (wife) Andromache, after his death, married a king. Which of you doubts this ? '"'"'byX ^r'' ^^^'^^ Andromache holding' her son Sulla's (son) Faustus left Rome three days ago and thp house became a disgrace to its owner ^or^^ master 'M All the country is divided into five parts, one of which the enemy inhabit. . "o ui wnicn Cicero's letters to Atticus are read by many people l.et us go to Rome to-morrow, where my son's wife has been left by one of tlio consuls ^* ' oni d"ay.^'""'"'^ *" ^"^*^"' ^"* ^ ^^^^ finished it in "^TC 'oiZZLT::. '' *'^ ^^^^— *^- V the The Senate asked Sulla his opinion concerning the war ^^^^^^^'^^^hemgo^ on by the Samnite! 1 " as mach " _ " so much " = Onnntun^ _ ^ tOJSttiSt. I'l 18 EX3RCISES IN LATIN PROSE, li 2. 5. 7. 8. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. XIX. GENITIVE OF CHACTERISTIC, OF SPECI- FIC ATIOxN, &c, {39G, IV. & v., 397 & 398.) The enemy had usecP spears of very great length against the defenders of the temple of Jupiter. They all declared that Atilius, the son of Atticus, was a man of wonderful valour, although only thirty years old. '■' AtihuB, son of Atticus, waa born in Italy, and is (a man) of fifty years (of age), and one of the noblest of the Romans. By forced marches, they finished a journey of fifty miles to-day. He said that he had built a wall of forty feet for his own advantage. We have ascended a hill of great height, near the river Rhone. There are two approaches from Syria into Cilicia, each' of which on account of its narrowness can be blocked up by a small body of troops. The Romans are said to have been men of very wonderful courage. Which of you says that they are not brave 'i Cicero is consul, and we do not fear Catiline, a man of disgraceful life : to compare the life of the former with (that)* of the latter would be disgraceful, Horatius thought Raise a place of delightful climate. The ancient Germans, men of the greatest courage, used- to live on milk and flesh. When he had finished a journey of five miles he declared that he was tired and that he would return to the land of Italy, It is better to have a friend of great virtue, than of great wealth. With an army of twenty thousand men, the general of the Germans attacked the town, the inhabitants of which threw themselves in tears at his lieutenant's feet. U19, 1. 8 578, IV. »459, 2. ♦ In Latin leave out that when it stands for a word mentioned before. puiung in its goveriitd geuitivo EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE, 19 15. The fortifications of Alesia were of great heioht anH m,nderful strength ; but they wefe takeu'gy stom by Cffisar m his Gallic wars. 16. Augustus had clear and brilliant eyes, in which he rJnf vVor.'^ *''"^'* *'^' '^^^^^^- «oznething of 3. XX. CENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES , PREDICATE GENITIVE. (399, 401 & 402, I. & II.). It is the characteristic of a father, who is anxious for r-raise, to do good to his children. ^^^^'>^^ f«r It is the duty of good children, who are desirous of praise, to obey their parents. uesirous of To help the poor and miserable is the mark of a irood man who is fuU of dutiful affection towards the (ff He says that it is his son's duty to help himself • it is that of a kind father to consult for hiJson's int.; est^! '' itdrs^: sii&^o^bfr^ ' '' - ^'^-^^^ ^ ^^-• He concealed his opinion from me, but being greedv of Wledge I said to him, "0 friend, entrfst^yourself He set-out fo-- the country with all his friends two days '■ ^' Se^tr'"^"^'''^ '' '^^ ^"*y «^ ^ Christian to help ' '^'^^^^:^^^;^?-^ 10. It is the duty of a soldier to conquer or die- for fh. brave man death has no terrors ' *^® ^78, 1 ' 6. 7. I ^1 20 13. 14. 15. 16. 3. 4. o. 8. i>. 10. II. 12. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. Courage is the mark of a soldier, justice of a judge, prudence of a general : the wif j man is fond of duty. It was the function of Cicero, the Consul and orator, to make speeches full of eloquence. It is the mark of a crafty man to conceal his crimes even from his friends. it will be CiBsar the general's duty t(; -attack to-day the camp of Ariovistus, who is second to no man of his age. XXI. GENITIVE OF PRICE, &c. (402, III., 403 & 404.) I value at a high price this horse which your brother gave me eight years ago. This horse is valued more highly because your father gave it to me as a i)resent. Courage has been valued little because it is the enemy's. It seems to be characteristic of the inhabitants to build on a very high hill houses of very great value. No one thinks that^ of your opinion. Caius valued the opinions and orations of Caius very highly, although other people (say: "others") did not care a straw ^ for them. Metellus bought a horse of a white colour, and this thing (say : "which") those who were mindful of the past took in good part.^ My name is Caius ; my horse belongs to me ; and I have three children. He said he would not return to the country, and that it was your duty to return to the island of Tenedos. They sold your brother's slaves at a higher price than I vahie them at. They are anxious for wisdom, but they think little of those who fear for themselves. He fought bravely for his country and surrounded the city with a wall eighteen feet high. The bravest of all the Greeks did not care that for the general who had sent soldiers for the defence of the camp. J " that " = hmus. 2 " straw " = Jlocous. » 402, 3. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 21 ^* ^* ^^J^^ *o be the mark of a man to give help to the 15. They were distant two days' journey from a ditch twelve teet deep. )6. A crown of great value was sent by the master by a slave to my house, but I would not (say: 't've Tuiless It denote duty or a futnrl .viaL w£t """'i^.^ force 01 •' should "iu 9 and 11 of tills exercise V -im i. the Exercises in latin prose. 23 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Virtue needs no defenders ; vice very seldom has them. "Let us forget," said he, "our accusers ; we will then declare ourselves innocent of the crimes." It concerns us that the Consul's two sons are about to go to Capua. I am tired of the daughter of Metellus who was found gumy of bribery. You, however, remind me of my Cecilia's husband, Gellius, never said a good word of any one, although he was often sorry for his faults. 1. 3. 8. XXIV. GENITIVE WITH VERBS AND WITH ADVERBS: REVIEW. (400—411). The Romans, whose interest it was that there should be two consuls in Italy, were disgusted at Varus. Having become masters of the house, we always con- sidered his book about war to be of small value. " With an army of twenty thousand men," said he " I would attack Cfesar himself, whose interest it' will be to stand high in the favor of his soldiers." The wolf said to the lamb, "I used to have a very hi^h opinion of your father ; accordingly I am about "to Qixxj you. He reminded me that they had said that they did not oTa'lUhfng^ ' )' ^ '^^'^ '"^ '''*'''^' "'"'^ ^'^^ '' " ""'"^^ I am ashamed of my purpose: I repent of my folly pardon me, my son. J J • Being asked his opinion, he said that the King's army was near the banks of the river, and that the gen- eral s daughter was in command of the soldiefs of one left wing. They finished a journey of fifty-two miles in two days on the day before that day. Being accused of theft, your brother declared to his daughter.' that he would rather i die than be found guiltv, -"»*. * Use malo. iH I i Ir 24 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSB. ^^ftL*!?"" *^1 ?,*y he obtained possession of a man of the name of Cams, but he freed him from blame The punishment of theft among the Romans is very of y7ur son" ^'"' ^"*^ '' ^"^^^^^ ''' *^- i-t-e7» '^^fn Jpn« "T^' ^"^ ^* ^' °^y •^"^y *<> ^atch over the citizens : it is yours to remind me of that Notiiing was niore dreadful than the punishment of treachery : I am therefore sorry for my fo% '^^^^Ti^T^^ °^ *^^-*^° y«^°g °^«^ remembers the crge'ofbribTrr '*' ""^ "'^'^""^'^ °^ *^^ ^'"''J.nn Ai°X '''''^ y^^",xf *§«' «°ld ^is father's wea- r?Lt L K^2 T- ^f ^"^« ««"y- «^y brother and I, that he had been guilty of so great a crime. XXV. ABI.ATIVE OF CAUSE, MANNER AND MEANS. 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. a 9. 10. 11. (414). ^^ SflT °^*l^ *?*> ^^^"^ ^^^^^ conquered Britain, an island situated near Gaul. ^•«*««^ To die of old age is, perhaps, the most honourable death Lucihus died of old age, and was buried outside the city "Kmh'im."'*^'' ^"""^'^ '"''^ ^''^ *° *^" ^°ldi«'«' The brothers, desirous of a revolution, said that ther were disgusted with their lot. ^ Exhausted by old age and hunger the poor man died He said that his father had not died of grief for his sea. I am pleased at your arrival, my friend Pompey. ^^ SJ^A^f ^^^^"^ ^?l'\''* P^^*««^ ^i*^ *he leaders of the tenth legion, which had its winter-quarters in Gaul Because he was exbaustecU by many grievous wounds, Baculus regretted the disgraceful cowardice of Varus All the women and children of that town died of hun- ger ; tho ugh a cohort had gone as a guard for them. » 678, 11. i EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSH. been con- of a man >m blame, s is very 3 interests over the iiment of ly. nbers the d on th« 25 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. M. Atilius, who had set out with a large army, sent word to ServihuB, who lives with Balbus, that hia horse had been killed by a dart. Cicero, rejoicing at the prudence of his friend, went home. where he lived with him and his children. Three hundred of the brave men have fallen ; two hnn- dred are exhausted with wounds. Pity, ye Romans. the lot of the army. Let us die for our king ; it is better to perish by the sword than to pinsh in silence of hunger. These letters have been written^ by my own hand, and Have been sent by a slave to the city of York. Br's wea- 3ther and ae. ANS. Britain,. e death., jhe city, loldiers, at they iiedi tiis son. s of the a Gaul. '^ounda, Vanis. i hun- ' them. I. 3. 4. 5. 6. XXVI. ABLATIVE OF PRICE : ABLATIVE WITH COMPARATIVES,* &c. (416, 417 & 418). They thought Caius a better bookseller than Labienus - drachmas^ ^ '^°°^ ^^''"' *^^ ^°^" ^"""^ "^^ This wall is a foot higher than that one which is near the river. The river Rhone is more rapid than the river Rhine. A more eloquent man than Cicero said that, clad in hi» cloak, the Consul ascended the hill. Nothing, he declared, is more amiable than virtue '"'^J^Tlf T^}" '^y *^^* *^^« victory had cost m much blood and many wounds. These grapes are very sweet, they are far sweeter than those which were bought for an ass. Caius was more hostile to Servius than Servius to Caius - 40«, m:,"'2.l!). ^^^^^"« iJLpr«re fcrlhln'LtSe^^^ ""^*^^^ ^* '^ P^^^^* ^^*dIv^or*^f ?}f 1 -^.T^f *^^ b^°*^«^ a^d sister to- day, or at the furthest to-morrow, will cheerfuUv »*«,i. * 444, 2. » 897, 1, li 1 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 35 1. 3. 5. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. XXXVI. '''''T^A'rTv?'?^^'^' POSSESSIVE, AND DEMON. STRATIVE-AND LICET, AND OPORTET. (445—452). one. who called o„t, "X iZ^t (^k^e*? '^hSgt^d' ^L°'d„".' """"'^ P'"*« "^»- - *!"-« There are many things I may do (say • "which it i. Srda "' *" "'•"' ""°* y°" wm-thirifbjJte" What pleases you indeed mv friVn/i +!,„ meT whereLe asklor w/at y^u ^m' ''"^^ P^^*««« Those friends of yours as they ought (say • " that wh^VT, am a bof o ^' T'T 'I^'^^*^^ ^e of mine, though I am a boy of only fourteen years of age ^ HoTprS^r '^ ^ ^ ^^"^^^ ^-" ^"f *W -y he The well-known Caius, who lived in the countrv in«f four years, says that the mind itself feeTth^f ?f • ,_^^nioved by its own power. ^^^ *^** '* " What he had done was afflicting to his friends w},« 3Tr£rhi:'^;.^----heaaJea. 6. 7. « " One •• = «.» Supply i^ Lati„ .„ „^.^^^^ ^,^^.^^_ .useopor**. 36 15. 16. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. It is the duty of every man of true courage to make use of his ov/n powers, and that too both at Rome and in the country. That friend of his died just five days ago, surrounded by bis own and his brother's children, and asserting that nothing is useful which is not also (say : " -^hich the same is not ") honorable. XXXVII. PRONOUNS-RELATIVE, INTERROGATIVE, AND INDEFINITE. (453—459). All of your friends will have to think that you cannot pay Lucilius the money ; ai 1 of this they will be ashamed, I like^ to go in the summer to Baiae, for it is a very pleasant place, and my Horace is there at present. 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. I am tired of my consulship ; let me go home to Cumse, where live the most faithful friends I have. He is miserable who neither loves anyone nor is loved by anyone. Listeners (say: "those who listen") will seldom hear good of themselves. What kind of man was he that told you he had sent his first book to his father at Anxur, which is six miles distant ? Lucilius may, with your permission, do what he likes ; but anyone can see that he does many things others ought not to do. A certain orator aays that no one may leave the camp to-day, and that all the bravest men think it dis- graceful to any Roman to oppose the plans of the general. Do you think that there is anyone who ought to think of, not only what he likes to do, but what he may do 7 Anything will please Marcellus, who, such is his folly, has written a very long letter to the senate about his victories. The more one teaches, the more one learns, and that too, though it is very difiicult to teach oneself. 1 Use Hbet. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 37 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Some are fond of money, others of fame ; but all are anxious for happiness. They asked him his opinion, some in one way and some m another. "^ Both Brutus and Caius were condemned ; the one was found guilty of theft, the other of bribery. Certain persons think that some are slaves^ of clorv others of avarice. ° "^ ' The most beautiful woman I have ever seen, for the most part obeys her husband. I indeed think that that learning of yours is useful to every man-even to those who are naturally (say • " by nature ") clever. J' \ J' • 7. 8. XXXVIII. AGREEMENT WITH SUBJECT, TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE, &c. (460—473). The multitude who were distant from Rome a two dav'a The general with his lieutenai) ' . is taken ; the former ia ^ourged; the latter are beheaded. Ah, wretched Each of them (say : - they each ") leads out his forces and four thousand of the enemy are killed ^"^ whi!' h.*?T •'^ ^*^^^' ""^^ destroyed by the Romans, ."tbtntf "'"^ ^^^" ^^"-"^^ '^^ -- -^^ its '''xrpe:ci'is*tir:d''^ ''"^"'' ^^^^"^ *^^* -*^-g Neither the camp nor the general was seen by the sol- diers, although they had made a stand for more than an liour on the top of a hill a thousand feet high The senate and the Roman people are believed to have undertaken to satisfy the ambassadors Cams and I* say that the boy's name is not Hannibal though he IS caUed so by his parents. '*""'»'*i.- VERBS 1. 2. 3. 4. ' Use sm;ire. 3 444,3. 3418 38 ill 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. EXERCISES IN LATIN PBOSE. Having set out from Athens five days before his arrival you and I need not revile him on account of the taking of the city (say : "city taken "). While they were returning home to the country, Athens, the city of the Athenians, was burned by Xerxes. It would ba better for us to perish (sav • "we will perish better") utterly than to com ': from our father. When I comei to Baiae, I am pleased to se^ .^y friend Cicero. "^ You ask me for news ; I have no news ; I have already replied to all your letters; when I have reached Kome, 1 will write to you again. Thebes, which is the capital of Bceotia, is a very fine city. "^ Our parents, as^ they ought, gladly love their children, even when they resist them (say : "resisting them"). Relying on the citizens, he sent his lieutenant to help (say : "as a help to") the praetor, whose soldiers had been accused of cowardice. XXXIX. REVIEW EXERCISE AND SPECIAL USES OF THE INDICATIVE. 1. (474). I do not think that of his opinion ; he spoke more quickly than he should have done» and values his own opinion too-highly. ^ 2. In the presence of his parents he says that he is not ashamed of his most^ disgraceful cowardice. 3. On the other side of the* river, and near the temple of I'lu^' ^ 1^^ ^^^" ^y ^^^ soldiers of the general, although he gave them as a present the finest horse he had. 4. Word was brought (say : "it was announced ") to Rome that Caesar had crossed the river two days after the general s departure, and was approaching the city by forced marches with a band of the bravest of his troops. Mn, II., 3. '445,7. « 475, 4. i EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 39 6. 6. 7. 10. 11, 12, 13. He 14. 15. 16, There is a pleasant garden near my house, in which Cecilia used to sing those songs we all think bo much of. Horace's poem.s and slaves were sent on the first of July» to my brother at Bam, by liis friend Metellus, who also presents his compliments to your father and daughters, Britain an island placed in the midst of the ocean, at a distance from Gaul, is surrounded by a tempestuous sea. The inhabitants of this island are said to be most skiltul sailors. It would be2 difficult to enumerate the causes of the war with-the-Gauls ; many men, women and children perished of hunger during the winter. When Plancus was consul, all of us, both boys and girls were young and happy ; but now, thirty years after,' of life ^ '* '^ ""^ interest to be happy, I am tired London is not only the capital of Britain, but also, I had almost said, 3 of the whole world. Like that ancient city which was called the mistress of the world it is built on a few hills. It is said that the Eomans once fortified London with a wall, ditch and castles, and that nearly two thousand years ago it was a most delightful city. Caesar and his army crossed the Thames at a place (which is) twenty-eight miles from London, and, having conquered the Britons in a few days, marched as quickly as possible towards their capital, is a man of admirable valour, but I am sorry you have made him general, because his prudence is not equal to his valour, nor his wisdom, I might almost say, to his prudence. You and I will take care* and write to our friends ; it would be betters for us to return home to Athens on the twenty-fourth ol June. While they were rejoicing at his misfortunes,^ he married. BaiK^^ woman who had married Gains at When a young man, Caesar was sent by the senate, who thought a great deal of his valour, to Spain, where he remained one year and robbed the Spaniards of their wealth with great greediness. After his return nolir' ™*,^« «o««"l. with Pompey and Crassus as colleagues. ^ These three were called the Triumvirs • »708. >i. .4. » 471, II,, 2. 4 470,1, •> 470. 3.« 467, 4. M3L I iO EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 4. 6. 10. U. XL. POTENTIAL SUBJUNCTIVE. (485, 486)». I should think that after the conquest of the Germans the general will be ^ tired of service. I am-inclined-to-think Caius a very bad man ; he may* be a good man, but I should not trust him. You would have thought better of them when they set out (say : "them setting out") for Gaul on the 7th of October, ten days before the taking of the city. Cecilia declares that her husband has left Marseilles in tears, and that he says he is disgusted with the country when he returns to the city. Who would have given him money every time he asked for it? Should* we yield to his folly? Are-we-to- listen-to his terms ? Though he prove to the citizens that they are ignorant of justice, I shall devote myself to labour and obey his commands. I shall return to my dear home on the 10th of Aucmst or whenever the circumstances require. * ' Perhaps you believe that it is an easy matter (say : "easy") to persuade a man that he is ignorant You may* think so (if you like). My brother might * (say : ' ' would be able, ") help me, if he would 6 ; my father and sister might * return to-mor- row, but I-am-inclined-to-hope that the former will walk home by-himself. "VVho would have valued the opinions and speeches of Cicero so highly as himself (did) ? Which of you would have thought that Varus, the general of many legions, would be defeated by the forces of so barbarous a people ? I No special exercises are given on Paragraphs 476-483 ; the principles enunciated therein will be applied in this and subsequent exercises. The student shou d therefore make himself familiar with the rules for the sequence of Tenses before going any further. »481, III., 2. » May, when it means "may possibly," is translated by "Fieri potest utJ' * Should, may, might, and would, are here principal verba. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 41 12. 13. 14. 15. 1ft. From Athens, whiih has been called the light of Greece, to Rome, which is the capital of the whole world, would be a long journey. Cicero, the illustrious orator, was bom at Arpinum, of noble imrents, in the hundred and sixth' year before the birth ^ of Christ, and was murdered by Aathony in the forty -third year. Near the little hill on which my house is built, there ia a very thick wood, in which he and I used to walk whenever we were tired of labour. I, who you say had returned, was at that time forty miles away from home. That which was imputed to them as a crime, not only was not a crime ; it was even a most distinguished deed ; and this circumstaace was of great service ta all of them. XLI. ontejd ut ' I. 4. SUBJUNCTIVE OP DESIRE OR COMMAND. (487, 488). Let us speak well of those who pardon their friends ; it is not every one who (say: "it is not the part of any one, "3 &c.) can put a check upon his feelings. May I perish of hunger, if I believe that you, who con- sider yourself a wise man, are trying to conceal your faults from your parents. It was Titurius who, when the battle was over (say : "finished"), died* exhausted by his wounds. Wretched man ! his bravery cost him his life. May his countrymen remember his daring deeds ! As I live, I feel sorry for his sons. Although it was to his advantage that the soldiers should not obtain possession of the town, his children were accused of treachery. Any one may say that he is more learned than any of his pupils, but this may not be true. * Note that the Latins make both numerals of the ordinal form. See 171//. «530. 3 458. ♦For this idiom 3ay sirnply: "Titurius diud," emphasizing by the ortfo? of the words in Latin the subject which English emphasizes by a construc- tio n involving the use of a redundant " it. " 42 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. EXERCISEd IV LATIN PROSE. hippy^J • ^""^'^ ^'^^^ "^y ^"«»^ ^"d I we?e 1 flhould say that you auch is your courage, might' have thSho77uf;" ' '''''''' ^^« -tfenth Attack :: ^"^ mUes'"V*r^L*?!r*''-' ^'■''^^"^ ^^"^'••'^1 "^*r«l^«*l thirty m les, crossed the river, attacked the enemy's camp ttu'Sd' mt ^' '' 'l"^^^^^ ^« P-^'^^^' -^ «1- "' "^boolcT! ^^'tf ^'l"^^" «^e sorry that you bought this book from the Sosii for thirty-five shillings • vou WcoTeLfe'r^'"'"' ""''''''''• '''''^"^ ^- ^^ -Vhp^'nn *7i? ^IZ^^T' *h^y 1«^« «»e another (say : the one the other") ; as to my hopes, I may have made a mistake. May I not be deceived ! ^ Would that I had set out in time !* May I die if the 0^1? m^v^f^H "' ^"^ not bespattered mJwith praises un. It my father were here ! ^"^ fh^^i^^l ""^^""f f "7 ^"^ «« highly as himself ; and this ,s not wonderful ; for most of us think more of our own virtues than of those of our friends XLTI. SUBJUNCTIVE OF PURPOSE, PURE AND MIXED. (490, 493). 1 ^'^Lt^i ?:^^^'^^J^\^^ '""* ™« *« ^-al^" t^iat you and I might be greatly honored «. ^ ^Tnil^*"" ^**' ^'^T '''^* *^ ^^^'« 5 but many have not enough money to buy (say : "with which they may buy ) the bread all of us need. d««j,. permission, &c.. is to be imSiS ?[*7;Vf';^^^""t,ngpo,9,n•bt^it3/. . es8 the act should have been ron ,.£ So.I^. ti „ r^ "'' T'' *y- ?''■ it is to be translated by the perS. '^ ^""'^ '^'"^^° °'' ^'^^'^ in time = to be cooked in twonty-four hours (say: "in a day and a night"). There is hardly any one^ who does not believe that m saying this, I am speaking the truth. If, as ho ought,' he set out for Rome immediately after* the battle with-the-Cermans, his friends will not for- bid his standing for the consulship (say: "seekmg the consulship "). If, however, he were to delay day after day,"* he would have to trust to chance.^ What is that to you (say : "what does that matter to you")? When you and I are returning from the country on the 3rd of March, your father and sister, who, Heaven be praised !^ have long wished^ to do me a kindness, will defend my interests.* LII. SUBJUNCTIVE OP TIME WITH CAUSE OR PUR- POSE : DUM, DONEC, QUOAD, ANTEQUAM AND PRIUSQUAM. (521—523). 1. It was the clever licinius who for ten years studied under" Titurius, in the town of Antium, until he was wiser than any of his friends. 2. As long as his family were eminent in every kind of virtue, he envied no one, but, when his eldest son was fifteen years of age, there was hardly any one he did not envy. 3. It follows that valour has this (advantage), that^^ its possessor*'^ is too^' brave to fear death : the coward, however, so long as he is in safety, puts on the appearance of a brave man (say ; "pretends that he is brave "). 1 498, 1. 2 " Hardly any one " = nemo fere. » 445, 7. * " Immediately after " = conjesii-^i a. 6 " Day alter day " = diein ex die or diem de die. » " To trust to chance " = re.n in casmn ancipitls fortunae committtre. 1 Deo or diis gratia. ^ " I have long wished " ==jampridem cupio. 9 " To defend one's interests " = cliciijus canmvi defmdere. It " To study under a person " = aliquetn audire. ^^ 595, S. 14 454,2,2. 13 496, 2; or 501, IV. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 57 4. Since this ia the case, the general has onlercd his lieu- tenant to supply them with food during good be- haviour (say : "so long as they conduct themselves well "). 6. You are acting as foolishly as if you were now out of danger.' Who would 'ijelieve that ho would waste his time' while he frequented the school of the learned Ligarius.^ 6. It is the duty of a father who is anxious for praise to do good to his chihlren as long as he lives, Who can deny that it is my duty to obey my parents willingly ? 7. Before the battle was fought, and three days after he had returned home, he told me that he had sent the rest of the troops, under the command of a lieutenant, to the camp at Ardea a few days before. I could scarcely keep from venting my rage on him because he had not informed me of this sooner (say : * ' before " ). 1 would sooner* die than be conquered. 8. Before trusting you I shall have to persuade my brother to receive both of us into hi^ house. But 1 have no reason to fear that he will hesitate to receive us, provided you promise not to say even a word about this matter. 9. Ten days before he returned from Athens he went to see his very aged father and mother since they had sent for him. They were so much pleased to see him that at first their joy was apparently (say : "seemed") too great for human feelings to contain.'* 10. Before a man was found brave enough to smother the flame with his hand (say: "a man was found who might place his hand in the flame ") the whole house took fire^ : I never saw Brutus afterwards without calling'' him a coward. 11. He came sooner than was expected,^ to say that there were only four in the state who^ could be trusted with one's secret's (say: ''to whom one's secrets could be trusted ") ; but before he went back he had a different opinion of the matter (say : "he did not think the same about the matter "). 1 " To be out of danger " =jam e vadis emergere. ' "To waste one's time" tempus terere. 3 " To f! .'(luent his school " = schnlam frequcntare, aliquem audire fri- quentem, or alicujus freqmntem anditorem esse. * Use malo. 6 •' Contain " = capers. • " To take fire " = ignem or Jlammam concipere. ' 498, 3. 8 417, 6. » 600, II. rax: 58 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 12. There can he little doubt that, since you are greatly dissatisfied with tlio position of matters, you cannot think otherwise.^ Hail you observed, a few daya before you came to visit me, the course which public affairs are taking,''' you would have entertained a dilTcreut view.' LITI. INDIRECT QUESTIONS AND ATTRACTION. (525—527.) 1. I am in doubt whether I ought to give you thia book or not ; for if I gave it to you you might* not read it, and in that case^ it would do you no good. 7.. I don't know whether he intends to set out to-morrow or the day after, ^ but this I know, that ho told me that the army would march against the enemy who were posted' about nine miles off on a high hill which was close to the river called the Rhine, 3. The general asked his soldiers whether they had re- treated" intentionally to the camp or had been driven back by the enemy : "for," said he, "it would be the greatest dishonour for a Roman army to be conquered in battle by an enemy whom we have often defeated, and who last year were forced to leave their camp and return home." 4. You all know with what kindness he received you into his house when you were needy, and I hope that you will remember that I besought him to save your lives when you were condemned to death. 1 " To think otherwise" = in alia voluntate esse. '"To observe the course which public affairs are taking " = itinera Jlexusque rerum publicarum vidcre. 3 " To entertain a different view " = non idem sentire. Observe the following idioms :— " I saw him three days before he came " = (1) Eum ridi tribus diebits (or triduo) aniequam venit; (2) Kum vidi tertio die antequam venit; (S) Eum vidi ante tres dies (or ante tridum) quam venit ; (4) Eum vidi ante diem tertiiim quam venit. " He came four years after I saw him " = (1) Venit quatuor annis (or quadrennio) postquam eum vidi; (2) Venit quarto anno postquam eum vidi; (3) Venit quarto anno quam eum vidi; (4) Vidi post quattuor annos {or post quadrennium) quam turn vidi; (5) Venit post quartum annum quam eum vidi. * See Ex. XL. * " Tn that case " = turn.. 6 " The day after to-nior- Tovr " = perendie. 1 " To he voated." = considere, 8 " Xo retreat " = »e recipere.' EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 69 king " = itinera 6. The Romans deserted > ; it is not known for certain whether this vnvt done under the advice of the ;e!ieral or not, but we know that such a thing never iai)2>ened wlien Ciesar was connnano laid Ixiforo the senate^ ; an" To be a question "= gitwri. Almost all to a man " = omnes fere ad unum. * " To admit " = confiteri. 6 To be superior " = exce^ere. ^ " Modevn times ' f= recentior actus. t " To lay before the Senate " = referre ad senatum. ten days " = his decern diebus. > " I am determined "* 8 "For the last _ == Stat mihi sententia,' w " Since the consulship of ci'c"e"ro"''' = ex^gua tempore Cicero consul. n " Without the word of command " = injussu. "Use exsecrare. is " To kno(;k a plan on the head " = eomilium 16 »T''« V. •. ^ .! ?y *^^ exertions of any one " = adnitente aliqua. " To fight it out " = depugiiare. :zii: m 60 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSH. LIV. OBLIQUE NARRATION. (528-533.) 1. "I wish you would tell me," said the old man to the youth, "what object' you pursue in life?" The young man said that he wished to be consul of the Republic and general of the army. 2. To these things the general answered that if the consul would sot out witliin ton days he would give up the army to him, and tliat ho would aid him in conquer- ing the (lauls who were near the walls of the city. 3. •' Whether you are speaking the truth, or not," said the general, "it matters not; I never asked you to conic to Corinth with your army to aid me ; nor do I rejoice that these legions which you command are here, since I could easily take the city without your aid if I wished." 4. "If we do not look after the interests of the state, said Cicero, " Italy will not be safe. We ought not to hesitate at this time to choose a general to march against the enemy before they arrive at Rome ; and no one, I think, will deny that we ought not to hesi- tate, for the enemy liave'been for a whole year col- lecting their forces."' 6. The general turning to his dejected* soldiera said : "We must defeat the enemy at the first attack, and teach them that they are not fighting now with those soldiers whom they defeated last year at Cannje. But why do you remain here when you ought to be marching against the enemy?" 6. The brave ('amillus said: " Return and tell your king that Italy is not to bo redeemed ^ with money but with swords ; the Romans know not what defeat is, for as soon as they are conquered one day they renew the battle** on tlie next." 7. "Are you come," said the consul, " to say that the soldiers in the camp (say : " who are in the camp ") did not often defeat the enemy at the foot of the mountain, which ia only a few miles from the place where we are now encamped." NoTK.— Ill dnint,' this and the next exercise express each sentence in Oratio recta and ohli(iua. 1 " Object " = rm. « " To look after the interests of the State " = pro- xpicere or providitr niptihlicm—SSfi, 'X » " To volWrl l\.r.os" — • com- parare eopias. * " Dcjoctcil " -= dcmissm sjw. ^ "To redeem " =- redimere. *" To renew a battle ""== iiistaurare, rediiikgran, or iterare prwliuin. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 61 8. 10. " What are you doing there," said the king. "Do you know that the enemy are here at our very gates with a large army ; that they will soon t-ike these hills which lie between* the city and the river unless some of the allies come to aid the unfortunate Ilomans?" "Why are you retreating, "» said he. " Do you hope for safety in lliglit ? Do you know that the enemy have set out from home for lloine, and that they have encajnpod without previously taking food? You cannot Hee, for you are surrounded on both sides. On the right hand is the sea, on the left a high mountairi ; here you must conciuer or die." "If," said the soldier, "you had seen C.'esar carrying on war in (Jaul, you would never have thought that Pompey was ecpial » to him in military talent ; for, though the latter had many excellent qualities* which were necessary to a conmuinder, he was not so well skilled as the latter iu the art of war." :h sentence in OBLIQUE NARRATION. (Continued.) "Now," said he, "nothing but pity* for your defeat' prevents me from killing you all to a man. " You know that you cannot resist until your allies arrive and aid you in repelling the enemy. Whether the Romans come or not, matters little ; if you do not defeat the enemy before the legions of the consul arrive, you will all perish." When the consul read the letter which was sent to the Senate, he said : " It is all over' with the glory of Rome unless we go to the hills and pitch our camp in a place where the enemy cannot attack us ; if we do not do this we shall be made slaves and sent under the yoke."^ » To he between = interjacere. a " To retreat " = vertere or con- verure. signa. Notice the following expressions : "To cnKauc in baltlo with anyone •' = cmfn-rc si,jna cum ali.,vo ; " To desert tlu, slan.larclH '• if l^l^MUeresigna; "To wIkh'! almut or retreat "== w,Vcrf, mi\ cnvtrtere f" r. *•'?.«'«""• tliy a trum pet " = signa mncrc. 3 ■ - VmL\ " L J? ad unum r • • it is all over with " = actum est de. « " To send under the yoke " = mittere stib jugum. "°*^°' 62 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. il ill' 3, " Can any one not see," said he, "that it is the duty of a good man to aid the brave soldiers who have fought for their native land, and have checked^ the wicked plots of this man who is the greatest enemy to the State and to that land which is the common parent of us all." 4. Caesar replied : " Let Pompey depart to his province ; let him give up his legions which are encamped near the city ; let the whole State be ruled by the Senate and the people of Rome. But if he is unwilling to do so, I shall be compelled to march '^ to Italy with my legions and show my enemies what my uncon- quered soldiers can do." 6, The dictator seeing that victory was now in his hands, and that a very wealthy city was on the eve of being captured, ^ sent a letter to the Senate (representing) that by the kindness of the gods, through his own skill * and the endurance * of his soldiers Veii would soon be in the power of the Roman people. What did they think should be done with the booty ? 6, Express the following sentences in oratio ohliqua^ (1.) Imperator " misi," inquit, "servos quos hahui Jidelissimos. Veniam ipse, si potero, quamquam hodie (Rfjroto : sin minus, veniet frater, qui decern millia jmssuum abest. Vincendum est nobis aut moriemurJ* {2.) " Prog redei'e," inquit. " Cur hie moraris ? Ne dubites de vestra virtute aid de mea vigilantia. Si ignavus fuissem, vos deseruissem : urbs enim' v.t ojnnor, non facile capietur, neque frigoris via mitescet." (3.) "Qui sim," inquit, " scies ex hoc, quern ad te misi. Cura ut vir sis, et cogita in quern locum sis pj'ogressus : vide, quid jam tibi sit necesse, et cura ut omnium tibi auxilia adjungas, etiam in- Jirmorum." (4.) "Est vero," inquam, " notum quidem signum, imago avi tut, clarlssimi viri, qui amavit unice patriam et cives suos, qum quidem te a tanto scelere etiam muta revocare debuit. " 1 " To check " = prohibere. a 492, 2. » Use pres. Inf. * " Skill " = consilium. * < ■ Endurance " = patientia. |l ! EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 63 if. *" Skill" 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. LVI. IMPERATIVE. (534—538.) The father said to his son : " Practise ^ virtue, for in so doing (say : "when you do this") you will be an example to your friends ; but if you do not imitate the good, you will be a disgrace to yourself as well as to your friends. In listening to me you will be consulting your own interests. Lend me due atten- tion."* You shall do whatever I command, since in obeying me you are doing what a son ought to do ; a man who embezzles public money ^ is a disgrace to his father and mother who are especially anxious for his welfare. * See that you write me daily ; for, since you left Italy I have not received any letter to inform me whether you are enjoying yourself & at the city of Thebes or spending the winter at Ephesus, the well known seat of JJiana. Don't imitate your neighbours too much. « In giving this advice I may say, however, that it is no harm" to place before our eyes the noble deeds of great men who have died for the state and have shed their blood on many a battlefield. ^ Ask to-morrow the question you asked yesterday ; for the consul will then lay before the' senate all the facts concerning the conspiracy^ which has been formed against the State and the lives of the citizens. Take care not to commit this mistake^'' again ; for it ia not the characteristic of a wise man to injure his friends who do all they can to aid him in life. Don't ask me that same question again and again, " for you ought to know this without my aid, since I have shown you how you can find out all the facts you desire, if only you will apply yourself " to the subject. 1 " To practise " = colcre. « " To lend due attentiou " = stiuUum ataue aures adiiiberc. J "To embezzle public money " = puhUcam pecuniam 2,""'''-« .. n. W«l'^^^'^ ^felicitas. 6 " To enjoy oneself" i se delec- r M., Too much " = wtmiim. f"Tohanu"=«r. -e. 8<'Battle- ..Vofoi'"''"^''^'"*- ^" Gonsyinicy "=.coujumtio. io"To committhia mistake = hoc peccare. " " Again and again " = iterum atque iterum • i.tpyiif et r.rr.p:us; semel /ti.„ 1 i. ^ ','■"' --"'-" '■■* '"ttV'tt" .■ sand atquc iterum; stind ikrumve and this would be unfortunate for those who are anxious for peace. After they had hurst into his house,' they sought the king in all directions ;3 they slew those who were sleeping and lilled the whole palace with fear and tumult. I despair of finding (say : " there is no hope to me that I shall find, &g.") that friend of mine with whom I carried on my wars in Asia ; I believe that he is on the point of visiting the cities of Asia, and that he intends to return some day or other to Baiae if he regains his health. * It is acknowledged thai, during the last ten years of the reign of Augustus, the Roman empire was larger than at any other time, although the state was weakened* by vices, and the armies were not so brave as they had been when Caesar was commander. Since setting out from home I have not received a single letter from him, and this is more remarkable, be- cause when I was at home I received often two or three letters a month from him. In blaming him you blame me, and say that I am a traitor to my country because I allowed Catiline to go out of the city without trying to prevent him from collecting forces against the state. LVIII. SUBJECT AND OBJECT CLAUSES. (556—559.) am ashamed of the audacity « of that man ; for, when he ought to aid the state by his wisdom and counsel, he openly ' carries on war against it, and under these circumstances he does the greatest harm he can to his native land. On the first good oppor- tunity I will show him that I entertain different views. a hou J?"''''"', :! ^V"'"'"^'"" " = '■f "1 "°"^' *'"'''''■''• '"To burst into anouse == in cedes nmmpere. » 'In mH directions" =.iw.«s;™ ♦'"nn '" Openly "=- paiatn. 'Audacity " = au(Zada. as • I 66 2. 3. 5. 6. 8. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. It often happens ' that the best of men make egregiouB mistakes, 2 although there is this difterence between good and bad men that the former are sorry for their faults while the latter often boast ^ of them. Instead of taking the side of the latter, it is my duty to leave nothing undone to establish iny innocence. There are some, however, who hold a ditierent view. He ordered me to ask his friend to come and see the cities of Asia, but he said that he could not come since he intended to canvass for the office of consul,* and that he must be in Kome on the lirst of January because the elections were appointed for that day. He is too wise to delay any longer. Success 6 in life often renders men proud, and I am glad that this fault is not a stain* on you: character; for, if it were, I should not be your friend. I am glad that the stai" has been freed from the designs of wicked men, but I am very sorry that you should have incurred enmity^ when consul, because you were the only one bold enough to drive " Catiline out of Rome. I pray you to aid these most unfortunate men, who are in great distress on account of cold and hunger. They exhorted me to come to their aid, but you know this was impossible at that time, for I was sick. ® It was the good fortune of that man to send me timely^"' aid when I did not expect it ; for, though beset" with many dangers, none of my friends arrived m time with the assistance they promised to bring. How does it happen that you advise me to go and see the rural scenes ;^^ for I have often heard you say that Rome was the most beautiful of all places with the exception of Baise, which all of us know surpasses all other towns. The republic decreed that the consuls should see that the republic received no harm. When this was done they proceeded to the camp, collected the soldiers aud determined to storm the citadel which the enemy had held for more than three years. 1 " It happens " - (vcnit. » " To mnkc an egregions mistake ' = vehe- menUr errare. 3 "To boast of " = gloriari de cr in. * "'lo canvass Sr the oifice of consul " = peterc coH.^:tuUum, f " Siuress = res semndm. • •• Stain " - macuhi ' '■ To in la iMiniity " = vnvtdMm coidrahere, or i«,,i,}!,1 nmci 8 (-,() ' II. » " To be Hi.k" = advarsl mktiuliac laborer., ^Z^rboaffici. 10 . .'Tiinely " = opportunus. " " To beset " = olmd^n, " "Kuial sccnob " = rtirtt. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 67 10. Grantiniri that Cicero was a great orator, this does not Erove that he was equal to Demosthenes, for many elieve, ami that too rightly, that the Romans marely imitate! the beat specimens ^ of (Jreek eloquence. How few' there are who equal the ancients in ability. LIX. GERUND AND GERUNDIVE. ive** Catiline (559—566.) 1. We ought to consult the interests* of our native land, but there are some who think that in opposing (say : "when we oppose ") the designs of the man we are not doing what is of advantage to our fellow-citizens. 2. *' What you have' to do, do quickly ; for we must either conquer tlie enemy in this battle or be sent into slavery. " To carry* out this order the soldiers acted with haste, for they knew that the consul had to ■ fight tlie enemy or be taken prisoner. ^ 3. Wherefore see tliat you do not hesitate ; bend ^ with all energy to tlie prosecution* of this war since the king has given up many Roman citizens to be butchered^ and slain. 4. Can it be tliat I must be silent while this man is speak- ing ? The crimes of these men "who have been con- demned as guilty must be punished or else the state must be overthrown, " 5. If all power is to be vested '^ in one man, there is no- doubt Ponipey is the most suitable person to carry on the war. But there are some who say that all power should not be given to one man. 1 Use /acio 558, iv. 2. 2 " Speoinieii " = exemplar, s Use Quotus qxdsque. Note also llio following' idiomatic expressing :— (a) "All the best \\qo- T^W =:optii litis qui HI itic ; {hi "One ill tun" = decimus quLsque ; {c) "One after the other " rr= j)/'//>u(s quisquc; (d) " Eacli several "=.s'hws quisque ; (e) "One would lia\ e thmi^^bt" = cor/(7rt;T,s; (J) " Should o?ic say " = dicat quia; (g) " O/tii often siys "= soZct dici ; {k) " One mny not " — non licet; .. 9 '"I'n prosecute" = i'ers?amns. 12. For (on account of) his learning he was much icnowned. Kx doetrinfi admnduvi uobilisfuit.^ 13. He is too quick tempered for me. Iracvndior est quam id mihi placere possit. 14. i'ormv iiarti am of the same ojiinion. FqiikUviefdem censeo. lb. Yoii will sutler for your folly. Ob strdtitkan paimm dabis. 16. For ai'pearance sake a few were left, rauci ad .sjicc/c/n relicti. 17. For doing this you will be sorry. Teiivi hoc fcreris pwnitddt. 18. For skill he exceeds them all. Feritia facile est pnncips. 1!). He was too late /or- dinrier. t-erius adverdt qwvi vt pn:=srt r. r.nnvivis esse. 20. This is the kind of place /or you to occupy. Hie est locus qtiem tencas 21. For a cough there is no better cure. Tussis nullum est medicamenlum salubriui. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 99 LX. GERUND AND GERUNDIVE. (Continued.) 1 Man is naturally born for action : but we ought always to consider this in ail our actions, ' whether they are right or not ; for, if we do not do this, we shall ofteu do wrong to those who are our best friends. 2. Many plans were formed ^ for checking that man ; some of these did not please the consul ; " for," he said, " I shall incur* envy if I carry out* the wishes of those men who are advising the death of the con- spirators. We muot go to Rome in the beginning of spring and return to Athens, which is the capital of Ureece, in the autumn, and then we shall be too late to see the games at Olympia, since they are held at midsummer in the plains of Elis, near the banks of the Alpheus. The general employed ^ his soldiers in erecting a wall two hundred feet long and ten feet broad, and in digging 6 a ditch which extended from the river to tie hill, where they had been encamped for the last six months. In doing these things he spent at least six months. 3. 4. 5. The Athenians charged Socrates with corrupting^ the youths, and in condemning him they committed an act of most wanton * cruelty, since he alone at that time taught me the golden maxim* " Know thyself." 6. It is said that a man once came all the way '" from Gades, in Spain, to Rome to see Livius the great historian, who spent many years in writing a history of Rome. This work was highly thought of in his own time, but many since have thought that the work of Polybius is in many respects 'i much more trustworthy. ^'^ 7. When the plebeians were not able to pay " their debts they either became slaves of the wealthy or were sent to prison, " and this often aroused their feelings to such a degree that they raised a rebellion, '^ the first of which took place 494, B. C. . ^" Actim" = factum ^ "To form SLftlm" = inireeoiisUium. »"To "!i"l"I = co'f »'a''ere. «" To carry out "= po/cere. »" To employ" = adhibere. ^ " To d\e able to pay " = esse par iolvendo. u " Prisou " =■ career •Taise a rebellioa " = seditionem incitare. 8 " Wanton " = iftsoHttt-s. us'iue. " " i ti many rc- ■ I8"To J6"Xo i! 70 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 8. The Roman soldiers did not wish to '.ej^n the battle until the tenth hour of t)'" (ia.-, hvx the general by raising the Hag' eaused them to form in battle array and to march against thu enemy without delay. 9 We can see the character of boys l>est wiiile they are playing, for tlion they are wont to show their char- acter, but at other times they often pretend and conceal their feelings under the assumed T'.r.nc.ir- anee ^ of virtue. 10 By reading the works of Demosthenes we learn a great deal, for we liavo placed before our eyes one of the best examples of virtue and patience that the world has ever seen, and these (lualities =" must be culti- vated if we desire to g-ain* the praise of postenty and the good opiiiion of honorable meu. LXI. SUPINES AND PARTICIPLES. (567-581.) 1 By breaking* down the bridge over^ the river th& Romans prevented the enemy from following them, and when it was evening the R(Hnan soldiers saw them encamped on the opposite » bank of the nirer. 2 He speaks well without persuading anybody (say : "nor does he persuade, &c. ) ; for, though we think him a great man, it is hard to tell whether he is equal to his brother in ju lice and honour. He is going to destroy all my hopes instead of mmdiug his own business— a thing which it is very easy to do. 3 He came back from that journey without doing any- thing, " because the genet id sai«l he woidd condemn his friends without being heard."* He tl en sent the higate to the general, who said he still hud the same opinion" as before. 1 •' To raise a flag " =•- tdlerevexillum. 8 " Assume^ app^aran^;- rimuLiHo 3 •' Qua tics" = worcs. * lu gain — i 'tpetTctre. . Seve tb. followi,?,' ulioinati.', expressions :-(a) "To get a br.clKe bmlt J .-=X/m pn.nuum curare, (b) " T. let n„t ''^«';"1»''>V: vKr' - ^7/^ facieudvm h'cU,a frnendum c^ dLrc. («) "To be in a comlition to bear a burden =- ^'"'^^'^^ To hreTk (/) "To witness a oontraet " - i.'cri/je»u(o ades^e * „;/*W^r » °' WitlmuTaoi'nK'aii vt hing " = ^'inficta. ' lo < • witb. .ut bei ng heard ;; - inaudltus " " i'o be of the same opiaion " - maaare in ,miem coimUo. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 71 4. On his return to the city he was seized with a violent disease, and after he got well he intended to set out to see his friends whom he had left a few days before at Ephesus, a V vautiful city of Asia, noted for a temple built in linnour of Diana. 6. While the praetor, as being the guardian of the people, was endeavouring to drive the enemy from the town he was struck ^ on the head with a dart and con- veyed back to the tent ^ which he had left in the morning when he went to meet the enemy. ' 6. He is apparently about to go and ask the consul whether it ib better to remain iierc with the Romans or to cross the river and engage in buttle with* the Gauls, who have again and again seen the plains of Ger- many laid waste by their victorious armies, 7. Though I have seen him oftt ii I doubt whether I shonld recognize' him ; for he has greatly changed since 1 saw him last, when he was serving his first campaign* in Spain under Scipio the general. 8. It is said that Plato died while writing his work on Philosophy. He retained ' his vigor of mind even till his death. Some say that his last works were his best ; others, however, doubt this. 9. Though I have been long expecting your arrival I am not at all sorry that you did not como on the day you appointed, for I then received antl read with great care a letter informing me < f your mother's sickness. Besides I knew from my t iend that you oould not come. If nature opposes, w lat can mortals do ? 10. He came back because he wished to ask the consul whether he intended to delay from day to day. He had heard from some of the soldiers, without ask- ing them, that the enemy were going to pitch their camp near the Roman lines,* and were hastening to avenge their injuries. What was to be done he knew not. *"To8trik< = teere. ^ "Tent" -^ prcetorium. »" To go to meet the enemy " = ire ohviam, hostibus. * " To engage in battle ivith " =• pralium commiiteie cum. ^ ''To recognize" = agnoscere. *• " To serve A c&mpaijia" = taereri siipendLum. ^ Use sum. »" Lines "-= acta. GENERAL EXERCISES.* (Selected from Belcher's "Short Exercises," Part 11.) 1. 2. 5. 7. *. It is told that when an aged man entered the theatre at Athens there was nn place in that largo assemblage allotted to him by his fellow citizens, but on his reaching the place where some Lacedaemonian en- voys sat, they all rose together to offer him a seat. — Cic. de Sfinec. As ladders and men fell headlong indiscriminately, and as the boldness and courage of the foe increased in consequence of their success, the "Retire"^ was sounded. — Liv. Vercingetorix, immediately on hearing of Cajsar's arrival, raised the niei/e '■' and goes to meet Caesar, who had had resolved to capture a town that lay on his route. —CCBS. G. A good man will make up his vihid,^ not to admire, nor to choose, nor to covet* anything except what is hon- ourable and becoming, nor will he yield^ to any (turn of) fortune. — Cic. Off. Let a man in conversation^ first consider on what topics he is speaking ; if on grave ones, let him manifest seriousness ; if on mei-ry'' subjects, humour.^ — Id. Affairs do not even now seem to be in a very bad way, ^ and if the neglect of some people were not evident, they would be in a highly satisfactonj condition.^^ — Cic. Fam. Popular feeling twas" more inclined to sustain the bar- den of an exhausted treasury ^'^ than to listen to terms of peace. — Liv. Catiline, crestfallen,^^ began to plead that the fathers would not come to hasty conclusions about him ; he could get no gain from the ruin of the republic, which a mere sojourner'^* in the city was able to pre- serve. — Sail. G. * For these Exercises an English and Latin Dictionary should be usad. I Signum. receptui. s Obsidione dtsislere. * Uae permadere. ♦ Expetere. * Succumbere. ^ Scrmo communis. '' Jocosa. * hpor. ^ Havd foKillinw Inoo. 10 FacilUmo loco. " [n'lHnntio animoruw, pUbis.. i» Inopiam oerarii. '" i'uUum demis&us. »* Inqailiuua. GENERAL EXERCISES. 73 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. I 19. 20. It will be most disgraceful to return from Athens empty- handed,^ as one goes there, so to speak, to traffic^ in the liberal arfx.^—Cic. When however the popular ijovenimcnt* ceased to exiat, then also of rouvHC^ the literature of the forum and of the senate lapned into Hilence.*—' ic. de OjK After the dai/ (jrcic dearer,'^ and the Romans had fled into the citadel, the roar of c.omhat^ gradually hushed, and Hannibal ordered the Tarentiaes to assemble without their arms. — Liv. Before 1 address myself to the. point of law involred in the cane^ of Cornelius, it seems fitting to briefly men- tion a cert-un fact which may help in further inquiry ~Cic. Pro Balho. He asked tho soldiers at what they were hesitating? were tliey not aware that their contest was with no Latin or Sabine foe, but with wild beasts who mual he exterminated ? *" — Liv. Caesar explained his services to the .i:.dui, whom he had established on such liberal terma,^^ that not only had they assumed their former dignity, but had even excelled it— Ccen. O. The Loire was now so swollen by the (melted) snow^* that nowhere did it seem possible to effect a crossing by a ford ; hence Uajsar judged it best to engage at once. — Id. If I had wished to poison )/oa^^ at dinner, what was leas to the purpone^* than to make you angry?— /SV«. ^. Q. Nothing will ever move you ; if so many instances of courage do not move you, human life will never be cheap^^ if such slaughter has not made it so.— Liv. say that in all Sicily there was not a single silver r/oWc<'6which Verres hud not ferreted out, ^"i smd, on his likimj^^ it, had not confiscated. — Cic. Verr. From which the conclusion is, i* not that pleasure is not pleasure, but that it is not the chiefest eood.— Cic. Fin. ^ He orders them to go away and leave the candelabrum. So they returned empty-handed to Antiochus. He suspected nothing. Days pass. ''° It was not brought back.— Cic. in Verr. '/nauis. ^ Ad mercatiiram. ^ Bonce artes. 'Unhcet. « Conticesreie. t Lux certior. » Tnvmltus. " Hauriendi n AmpUtudo. 12 Use plural "Minus upturn. 15 ynis-. JB ^as. " Conquarere. **t. 19 E£icitur. 20 Dies unus, alkr plurea. * Respubliea. 9 Jus causanqtit. 13 ycneno tollert. i> Quod pladtum 74 GENERAL EXERCISES. m "i|i 21. Now, although the threats of the senate were very dire, yet, afler much talkinxf to no pia-pose,^ the envoys departed without snccGSS.— Sail. J. 22. The.'cfore must I make more strenuous efforts, that you be not taken in,'^ and they be without success. — MarluM ap. Sail. J. 23. Theraistocles sent the most trustworthy of his slaves to Xerxes to eay that his adversaries were in flight. The object of this wat^ to compel the Athenians to Ji(jht it out.* — Kep. Theniid. 24. On consulting the (oracular) books, and on the state havin(j .satisfied the duties of relvjion,^ they nominated n dictator for the purpose of settling the [special) holidays.^ — Liv. 25. The regular ranks of infantry alone stood iinquailing, ' and if the battle had lieen fought according to mili- tary usage, appeared by no means unlikely to prove a match for the enemy. — Liv. 26. In reality the place was naturally adapted for the con- cealment of a party in ambush ; the more because in a. xaWi^y destitute^ of vegetation no stratetjem'^ would be apprehended. — Id. 27. He returns to Bocchus, and brings word that Jugurtha had frequently on previous occasions found a com- pact^'^ with fche Roman commanders without result, — Sail. F. 28. Instead of deliberating they wasted'^^ their time in alter- cation while Hannibal attacked a watering party *^ of the Romans. — Liv. 29. Although by reason of the very hard'^^ weather, the road was blocked up with snow of a very great depth, yet the troops, wich very great toil,^* cut a way through the snow^'" and arrived in Auvergne.--6'te.9. G. 30. Although C;«sar knew that what had happened on previ- ous occasions^^ would not happen, yet he arrayed his troops in front of his camp. — Jd. 31. The Vitelliani roll-down huge .stones'^'' and prohe^^ the testiido through and through with lances, so that the troops lay weltering in blood^^ upon the ground. — 7 oc. 7/. iii. > Mvlta nratione consumpta. - Caperc. ' [loc eo valehat. * Depugriare. * Plena rdigioiie csne. * Feria; (distinguisli impemtivcB, stcitivw, and con- ceptiviB). 1 1mpavidus. ^Ntulus. ^ Fruj(s i^ Pacim conventam. ^^ Tererc. ^^ AqU'itores. '^^ Dv.rus. ^* Summo sudore. ^^ Discutemnivem. ^ Superioribus diebus. n Pondera naxorum. ^^Scrutmri. "Use adjective. 'liS GENERAL EXERCISES. 75 32. However much we aim at being fluent and witty,^ we have to learu that influence in t.be dinivg-rooin^ is one thing, in the public assembly another. — C'ic. Ccel. 33. I willingly yield every one his share^ of wealth, pro- vided I may live without interruption, according to your way of life. — Cic. Fam. 34. Who, on being commended by the words of a man 8(t illustrious, would not wish to help his country with all his zeal ? — Cic. Legg. 35. "On the slope," said he, "three men could if they wished check the advance * of a multitude ; but ye are Ko- mans, and the bravest of the Romans."- .Lty. 36. The sutlers^ perched^ on mules were dragging leafy boughs along the ground and thus raised a cloud of dust greater than might have been expected from their numbers. — Liv. 37. Jugurtha sent envoys to the senate, for he was firmly persuaded '' that anything in Home could be had for money. — Sail. F. 38. The brilliancy ^ of the sun is greater ^ than that of any fire ; inasmuch as it illumines the whole world iu every direction.^ — Cic. A^. D. 39. Nothing seems to me preferable to being able by the force of speech to sv:ay *" the minds and move the wills of men. — Cic. 40. Therefore being of opinion that the state was relaxing in spirit" through ease, he began to search on all sides for a substantial reason *^ for provoking war. 41. We have been told by the most eminent men that ac- quirements in other things depend on instruction, and principles, and practice, but that a poet is a natural product. 1^ — Cic. 42. Every philosopher, in those very pamphlets he has writ- ten to show how glory should be condemned, han inscribed his name on the title-pugc.^* — Id. 43. What painter or what poet is there who does not work for fauie ? Some has found fame the only reward of their toils. — Jd. 44. If one were to indulge their taste for drink,^^ but sup- plying as much as they would like, they will be as easdy overcome by their feehngs as by warfare.— Tac. Ger. ^ Dicax facefus. ^Triclinium. 'Suns. *Arcere. ^Vato. ^ Hwrereinaniino. ^Candor. . . illustris. ^ Longe laU.que ^^ Senesctre. ^-Materia. ^^ Natura ipsa valere. " '- iuum. 16 Ebrietaa. « fniidens. ... ^ ... ^^AUicere. ^* imcribert nvmtn II ■ 76 GENERAL EXERCISES. 45. There is nothing beyond but waves and rocks ; and the Romans worse than either, whose pride one vainly tries to escape by submission.^ — Id. 46. If these things const'itiite an offence."^ in your eyes, I do not think that a good action will for the future be a commendation of any man. — Cic. Pro Balho. 47. There is no knowing master from slave by any refine- ments of education ; they grow up amid the same herds, and on the same soil. — Tac. Germ. 48. In talking about the ancients use the freedom of the ancients, from which, rather than from their elo- quence, we have degenerated. — Tac. do. Oral. 49. Heavy rains bagan just after midnight and drove the guards and outposts to disperse from their stations and take shelter under cover.^—Liv. 50. The old man rode past eleven of the lictors, when the consul bade the twelfth lictor tell him to get off his horse. — Id. 51. Then in the open plains the sight was horrible. These follow — those fly— are cut down— captured. Men, horses, in comptete disorder.* Many on account of their wounds could neither fly nor abstain from moving.^ — Sail. J. 52. Yet if they but s^t/rpt?' they were imme'' lately cut in pieces. Finally every place, as far r he eye could reach, was strewn thick with weapons, ..rmour, and corpses. — Id. 53. And now the day loas quite spent,'' yet the foreigners relax no effort ; rather, thinking night in their fa- vour, they increase the fierceness of their attack.^ — Id. 54. Hereupon the foreigners, as their manner is, pass the greater part of the night in rejoicing, revelling,^ and loud hurras. ^ — Id. 55. At the signal the foe rush down on them from all sides. They cast javelins and stones against the vallum. Our troops make a brave resistance, being vigorous and fresh. '^'^ — Cces. O. 56. When day discovered the enemy's flight Marcellus re- solved to follow h'm, so he left his wounded under guard at Numistro. — Liv. 57. They stated that the whole army was in a siwikir plight, " and that no one's strength was sufficient to cope with^'^ the toil of the undertaking. — Cfvs. O. 1 Obsequium. * Obesne apud aliquem alicui. ♦ Aff,ict%. i Nf.c qnietrm p iti. « Niti. ' Cnnsv • BxsuUare, sirepere vocibas. lo Integrit viribus " Fati. ^Suffnqere in tecta. mere. ^ Anrinsinstari. " iiiiniU inopia premi. GENERAL EXERCISES. 77 68. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. Thus this storm shattered * both the men-of-war in which C'uesar had (jut'- his army conveyed across, and the merchant ships lying moored at anchor.— Crt-s. O. The hand by the motion of the Angers is capable of ' painting, modelling, graving, and producing from strings and pipes their sounds. — tic. N. D. We are both of us thoroughly tired, he with flogging, I of being flogged. — Ter. Ad. As this direction was carefully observed, when any cohort cliarged the enemy very swiftly retreated.— Cobs. O. Previously as ofben as each cohort had adva.nced to the fruitt* there fell a large number of the enemy. — Id. Even in places of intense cold they have no kind of garments except skins, of which the su-pply is not plentiful.^ — Id. The treason was discovered ere it was matured,^ and Mago arrested them all and handed them over to his colleague to take to Carthage. — Liv. Claudius read the captured despatches,'' and then sent them on to the senate to keep iham fidbj informed * of what was going on. — Id. After two troopers had been sent ahead to make a recon- naissance'-' in the direction of the enemy's camp, word was brought back that the country was free from danger. — Id. The consul, % forced marching of the severest kind,^^ hastened to his colleague while Q. Catius was left to take charge of the camp. — Id. I make this one request that if ye consider the case sound^^ in itself y e allow the defendants' distinctions*^ to be a help rather than a hindrance to him. — Cic. Brut. Cincinnatus, when he ha-l prayed that in a state ox things so critical^'-^ his years miglit be no source of '* loss or disgrace to the common weal, was nominated dictator by the consul. — Liv. The eminent German was of opinion that the friendship of the Romans ought to be no source i* of weakness to him but a distinction and a protection, otherwise he wouhl not have sought it. — Lees. G. • AfflidorH. 2 Curare with gpruiulive. pritpcr loiiu.s uf seal pare, Jingt re, and tiicere. 3 Use aptus ad with the - .• — f — ,^...y.,,.., ....V. ,,m,t,,>. * I'ru currerc. ^ Exi- flfuttos, with iKijfctivf. 8 I'atvficri, with ndj.ctivi.. 7 Uiterce. Mo(Y7'c. 9 Sfeculnri. i<-' OvavCis mcximis ifrnerUnis pnlerat. i>tabtlis. 12 Ornavientiim. -^ TrepLUtis. i* Use inedicative dative. y;;: ••- 78 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. GENERAL EXERCISES. Four military tribunes with consular power were elected, three of whom proceeded to Veu, where they af- forded 1 a warninfj, '^ how useless in war it is to have supreme command in the hands of more than one person. — Liv, The dhnlnutioe. stature^ of the Italians in comparison with the bulk of a Gaul freciuently excited ridicule iv the latter.— C(ss. Q> At this action the applause was very {jrent,^ and some remarked that the Athenians knew what was the proper thing to do, but would not do it.— Cic. de Senec. It is an understood principle^ in friendship, that we neither ask, nor are asked of, our friends to do what is dishonourable.- Cic. de Amk'it. I will, upon my word? punish you for these sayings and doings of yours, to stop your makimj fun'' of us.— Tcr. Eun. The trunks of trees are enveloped in bark that they may better withstand extremes of heat and cold. — Gic. N. D. He remained at anchor^^ till three o'clock, for the rest of the fleet to johi him there.— C(:e.s'. O. Virgiiiius waited to consult his colleague, and then with his consent he named a dictator.— Xtt\ We have been expelled from our own country, and have come hither against our will ; but if you wish by kindness to earn our gratitude we can be most use- ful friends.— C'ce.',-. G. The wall of the oppidum, measured in a straight I'me? from the beginning of the rise, was distant about 1,200 paces.— /(I Thev were much excited by this news, because they deemed it hardly credi])le, that a nation so mean and spiritlesH,^'' would dare to declare war on Rome. — CcEo. B. G. On the completion of this business, Caesar marched towards the oppidum Avaricum, hein;/ sure'' that on the reduction of this oppidum the trihe^^ would give in its aub- lission. — Id. On their return thoy find the camp full of commotion and panic because an uiuvarlike cj-nc'^ of women and children were all confused to()ether.^^—Liv, 2 Doaummtum. " niwitia. * ^\"' 6 Lex ^ Pol. 8 niiidrrc. • Use 11 'iriinsliiti^ by a hyixitlictiial ckiise : " a i-i ilumllis. 13 r i conjidebat. i*C»tiita<. 1 Us:) T)redii;ativo rre, pc.rmorcre, i.r profirrc. "To clicidse a ])Iace for ii uanip " = locum vMinrnm castaii^ (hiigere, "To niea.-suvc out a rnm\) " — castra metiriwdiiii'lii'''- " To pit/li a camp " = caslrit poiiere, lo:i)y., cdllocare, constituere. tcii'Icre, or miuilie. " To reiiiovo a caiiii)" = cantrn Iramferre. " To take till' enemy's t-auiji " = hostevi custris exuerv. " A sumiiKT oanip " = (Bstivn. " A iviiittT ca!i!|>" " /li'^ej-fta. ^ Dnidkikr. ^Qu.nvis. * Deliherati'i tnlllhrr. MUicUiidines, mctus 10 I'riiyy aiiimas. i" Uso tlic xircdluative gaudium. 11 i'f.stt/«?is. ^^Angores, I <;exeral k.\kiu;ises. HI U)9. J 10. 111. Ml*. 113. IJ4. 11.-). no. 117. 118. 119. 120. You arc anxious to see th.- records^ which mc all know I^onshed when the Herord OJkeUvnii burnt in the Itahan war.— C^V. On ])erceivingthis Amljiorix imted (Ihrrtwm'^ for them to hurl their darts at Iohc; mnu<\* and to retreat in any quarter where tlie liomau.s should make a dire-t attack. —CiVK. U. Till nightfall, and with .lifficulty, they resisted ; but during the night, all to a man, in despair^ commitr<..l suicide.— (,'(P.s-. (/. He sent fre(iuent messengers to C*sar, some of whom were captureil, and in sight of the troop.-, in camp tortured (o dml/i.^— Id. On vanquishing their foes our generals have often in l.ublic assembly conferred on their private secretary r. a gold nng.—Cic. in Verr. These thieves have violently seized the propertv .f Koscius and retain it in their possession.— C'ic >/-. Jiosc. A. Pompeius repaired to the legions which he had received tromCiosarandhad '/uartered'' in Apulia.— Ctp,«. B.O. Alexander drew off a ring from his finger and handed xt to ierdiccas, a gift causing much dispute. ~C'«n. -My slave says to me, " I am no thief, no runaway." iou have your rcM-ard, you do not ,wiart " xnidt-r I -i-^ ,• . " 1 '"^J" a g««- selves.— //or. S. "God speed thee, Cn. Cornelius, but take care lest the short time thou hast to escape from the enemy's hands be wasted in fruitless comminseration "^*—Jd to I Jl nil PAET II. I. The priests are accustomed to keep aloof from war, nor do they pay taxes along with the rest ; they enjoy an exem])tion trom military service and immunity in all things, i Ur^ed on by such rewards,'^ and of their own accord-^ many assemble for mstruction, and are sent by their parents and relatives » ihey are said to learn there by heart a large number of verses ; acctvrdingly some remain in training twenty years* each. Nor do they consider it right to commit these things to writing though* in almost everything else, in public and private transactions, they make use of (ireek letters.^ Sacerdos a helium ahsum comnesr.o, npqite trilmtum una rum reliquus pendo; militia vacatio omnisque res habeo itmnunitas Jantus excito praemium, et mu.s sponte multus in discipUna ronvemo,et a parens propinquusque mitto. Mafjnus ibi numerus versus edimo dico ; itar, magnus numerus in occido ; reliquus equfs consector, puuci, qidexfuga evado, relinf/uo. Sic, unus tempus, et de navalis puyna Caius et de Gaiuf victoria dux certus facto, cimtasque omnis mu atatlpri lajatm dedo. Nam, ut ad i>iUum suscipio hofiti.t alacer et promtus est animus, sic mollis acparum resiaiens ad calamitas perfero mens is sum. VI. When the news'* of this battle was carried beyond the Rhine, the enemy, who had come to the banks of the river, began to return home f and the tribes that live next^ the IMiine, having thoroughly terrified^ and pursued these, killed a great num>)er of them. The general, having r)rought to a close two very great wars'* in one summer,®led off his army to \nnter-quarter3 in'^ the country of the Sequani, a little earlier than the season of the year required. Over the winter-quarters he placed " his lieutenant ; he himself set out into hither Gaul to hold^* his circuits. m Hie proelium trans Rhenui^ nuncio, hostis, qui ad ripajlumen venio, domus revertor coepi ; qui gens, qui proximus Bhenus incolo, perterreo insequor, magnus ex hie numerus occido. Dux, unus aestas duo magnus helium conficio, mature paulo quam tempus annus postulo, in hiberna in Sequanus exercitus deduco. Hiberna suus legatus praepono ; ipse in citerior OalRa ad convent us ago proficiscor. 1453. • 379, 3, 1. 435, 1. 2 431, 2. M33, " 386. 9 465, II., 3 & 225, 1. ♦ 426, » 562 & 565, I. 1. 8 576. » 426, 2, 2), (3). w See p. 7, sent. 3 & " 562 & 565, 3. ^ '.y ^' %. V* IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) MA „<» '''4ie % (/ '.^"^ '■k •m v.. 1.0 I.I ■^ i^ il 2.5 2.2 Ki ■ 4.0 IL25 III u 2.0 1.6 ^3 Phol ^ Scifflices Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 87t2-4503 €^ \ ;V \\ % s>. t/. ■MS mmmmsm^^m tr 5^^! ^ 1 1 i! ': ! !^ EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. VIT. The ambassadors said that^ they would lay these matters before their (people), and return three days afteT,^ when the question had been discussed ;' they begged of him not* to move his camp in the meantime nearer* them. Scipio replied that* even this could not be obtained from him ; for he had learned that' a great part of the cavalry had been sent by them, some days before,'' across the Meuse to the allies, for the pur- pose of 8 plundering' and foraging. ' He thought that* these horsemen were being waited for. and that a delay was being made on this account. Legatiis hie sui ad suns refero dico, et, res delibero, post dies tertius revertor ; interea ne prope sui castra moveo, peto. Ne is qvidem Scipio ah sui impetro possum dico ; cognosco enim, magnus pars eqmtatus ah is aliquot dies ante praedor fru- mentorque causa ad socina trans Mosa initio. Hie expecto eques, atque is res cc^usa mora mterpono, arbitror. VIII. The commander having divided his forces' with the lieu- tenant and the quaestor, and having quickly bmlt the bridges,* marches against them in three divisions, burns the building* and villages, and takes possession of * a large number of cattle and n:en. Forced by these things, the Britons send ambas- sadors to him to ask for peace. *" Ha^^ing accepted hostages,' he assures them that he^* will regard them in the light" of enemies, if *' they admit either the king or his legates within their territories.** After the settlement of these matters, he leaves Fabius, the Campanian, with cavalry as*'^ a guard among the Britons j he himself sets out into the country of the Celts. Imperator partio copiai cum legatits et quaestor, celeriterque efficio pons, adeo tripartita, aedi^cium vicusque incendo, magnus pecus et homo numerus potior. Qui res cogo Britanni, legatus ad is pax peto causa mitto. Ilk, ohses accipio hoetis sui haheo numerus confirmo, si aut rex, aut is legatus, suus fines recipio. Hie confirmo res, Fabius, Campanus, cum equitatvs custos lociia in Britanni relinquo ; ipse in Celtae proficiscor. » 545. « 427. 8 431, 2. * 490 & 492, 2. » 433. 1. « 414, 2, 3). T 559 & 663. 1.- •431,2. 8419,1. 10 562 & 563, ^n 645. 13422,1,1). l»511,n.;631&632, 3... EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. IX. y^Jlt "^^^f * ^^^"^fition for hostages on other states* FinaUv he appoints a day for this matter.^ He orders^ all the cavalrv savs\VatZ':?n K ^^^"t'^^'.^o l^^^erahle here quick rffe says that he will be content* with the infantry he former! v buf'sLfe t'L^^ "j^ "^' *^^, ^^^^^«k - conte';i3'in bS^ out, since he has* a large supply of cavalry, it will be a vprv easy thing to do to keep« the Romans from o£ina cor5 he3"::{l7TJ- ^'*^^.'^^ arrangement of these Matters, ne levies ten thousand soldiers from the enemy who are nearest Italy". To these he adds eight hundred e^avllry. file impero reliqum dvitas obses, Denique is res eomtUua mmo jubeo. Pedttatus, qm ante haheo, sui sum contentus d^o nequefortuna tento, aut in aciec dimko: sed amZcZ ^omanus prohibeo. Htc constituo res, hostis qui sum finitimm Itaha, decern m^le pedes impero. Hue addo \ m ZtingenU X. di JSIh^" ^^^S% ^-^^ renewed and all the enemy fled, nor did they leave off fleeing until" they came to the river Danubl about five milesi^ from that place. There a very few dthe? putting confidence" in their strength, strove to S across aI^'''!?^ "?"['! '^P^^ ^^^ff^"' f«"«d safety for themselves' Among the latter was the chief of the enemy, whThaZ; lighted on a little boat tied to the bank, escSd init Ouf S/^CTtf B ' ^''''\''' *^f T*- This^chie'e td ^wo wives , one of the Daciaa nation, ^^ whom he had brought with tl^k n7 ^r'l^^^ f^'' ^^ *^^« ^^««i-^ nation Ster of the king whom he had married in Macedonia, when sent by her brother. Both (of these) perished in the rout ^ prius fugw deststo quam ad flumtn Ister milk pasem exTn k>cm circuer quinque pervenio. Ibi perpauci ar7i^cmfido iransnato contendo aut, linter invemo, sui salus reperto In ZT¥ % "^^''^i^' ^"^^^^^ consequor eques noster interficio. Duo fZermtn 5^'"^' w ''''''''' '^^ *» Macedonia duco, a jraier miUo ; uterque in is fuga pereo. » 384. II. «K,n o'— » '551. II, 1. «363. 4 429. 8 419 TV e sqi t t K7n i — war. "tW. ^ i2%, ' "~ -o»» 1. " aoi, 2, ..JJ...J,aWMMlJ.iMW ■i 6 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. XI. The influence of this state is far the greatest of all the countries on the sea-bord, because* the inhabitants have very many vessels in which they are accustomed to sail to Britain, and excel the rest in knowledge and experience of maritime affairs ; and as the violence of the sea is great and the coast exposed (lit. "in the great and exposed violence of the sea,") with (only) a few ports^ at intervals, they have tributary (to then) almost all that are in the habit of using that sea. By them the example is set of detaining* the ambassadors, because* they were of the opinion that through them they would recover their hostages which they had given* to Crassus. Hie mm civUa» longe amplu» auctoritas. omnis ora maritimus regio is, quod et n(fvi» habeo incolaf.i^ijJitis, qui in^Britannicc/'y^ naviffo cmjAesctgj'i'tf acientiS atque m««| nautic^ re6'^retiq^iji6jO antecedjftjj K, it^mag^tHA mpetu^ marMfatque apertfjf, pauci portitsr'^ interj§vi)^'^tKtKtKftl^ omnes fere, qmi» mare utor consu6^tt»p'^yi habe^Mfectiaalt^ Ab }^ jicrinitiuri^ relAmj^egatil^, quod.per ZAl^ twH^m^bsgdi^iii^rasswi d^*recupeTW%xistimfiJy''V^'^ XII. At day break all oar (men) were carried across and the line of the enemy was distinctlj' seen. The lieutenant gives the signal for battle, having urged his men to bear* in mind tiieir former valour and so many very successful engagements, and to consider that the commander himself, under whose leadership they had again and again defeated* the enemy, was there in persoo. At the first onset, on the right wing, where the seventh legion had taken its stand, the enemy are repulsed and put to flight ; on the left, which position the twelfth legion held, although* the front ranks of the enemy had fallen, pierced with javelins, still the rest held their ground very bravely, nor did any one give room for suspicion of a desire to flee. Prior lux et noster omnis transporto et hostis acies cemo. Legatus, miles cohortor, " ut suus pristinus virtus et tot secundus proelium memoria retinei>, atque ^se dux, qui ductus saepe- numero hodis supero, praesens adsum existimoy" do &ignum proelium. Prior cancursus ab dexter cornu, ubi septimus legia consisto, hostis pello atque in fuga con^cio ; ab sinister, qui locus duodecimus legio teneo, cum prior ordo hostis transfigo pilum concido, tamen, (Mjjriter reliquus resisto, nee da sitspicio fuga quisquaTn. » 520, 1. * 431, 2. * 562 & 663. « 53L 5 492, 2, 8 518v Ih I ^ EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. XITI. After entering on his command,^ the chief, when' about thirty miles* distant from Gabli, having suddenly called to- gether his soldiers, said, while weeping, "Whither do we set out, soldiers? All our cavalry, all our nobility, have perished. The leaders of our state, falsely accused* of treason, have been put to death by the Romans without a hearing.^ Learn this from those who have escaped from the very slaughter : f()r I, since my brothers as well as my relatives have been killed, am prevented by grief from announcing^ publicly what has been done." Those whom he had instructed as to what he wished* to be said are brought forward, and they set forth to the multitude the same statements which the speaker had made imblicly : "that the horsemen of their friends had been slain because^ they were said to have had a conference with the neighbours ; that they had concealed themselves in the crowd of soldiers and had escaped out of the midst^ of the massacre." Princeps, accipio exercitus, cum mille passiis circiter triginta ah Gabii absum, convoco suhito miles, lacrimo, "Quo pro- Jiciscor, inquam, miles? Omnis noster equitatus, omnis nobi- litas intereo: princeps civitas, insimulo proditio, ah Romanus indico causa interficio. Hie ah is cognosco, qui ex ipse coedes fugio : nam ego, f rater atque omnis mens propinquus intzrficio, dolor prohibeo, qui gero, pronuncio. " Produco is, qui ille edoceo, qui dico volo, atque idem, qui orator pronuncio, multitudo expono: "omnis eques amicus interficio, quod coUoquor cum finitimus dico; ipse sui inter multitudo miles occulta atque ex medius ccedes prof agio." XIV. Meanwhile, on the arrival of the news that all their soldiers were fast in the power of the consul, they flock together to the tribune. They show that nothing has been done by the advice of the state ; they order an enquiry concerning the plundered property ; they confiscate the goods of the chief and his brothers ; they send ambassadors to the consul for the sake of clearing themselves.^ They do this to recover^" their friends, but, being tainted with guilt and charmed with the gain (arising) from the plundered goods, because" thatconcerned 1 431, 2. a 518, 11., 1. 3 375. 4 410, m., 2. t 499. 2. • 501. 1. ''531. »441,6. »663, 4. 10 663,1,1), n 520, 1. 8 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. many, and terrified by the fear of punishment, they begin secretly to form projects for war, and they stir up the other states by means of embassies. Interim nuncitis affero, omnis is miles in potestaa consul teneo, concur I'o ad trihunus. Nihil publicus facio consilium demonstro ; (/aaestio de bona diripio decemo ; princeps fraterque bona publico. Legatus ad consul sui purrjo gratia mitto. Hie facio TPCupero suus causa; p.sd, contaminof acinus et capio compendium tx diripio bona, quod is res ad multus pertineo, et timor poena ecterreo, consilium clam de helium ineo incipio, civitasque relinuus legatio sollicito. XV. In the meantime; he is informed a few days afterwards^ by the Etrurians, that all the Samnites are collecting their forces at one spot, and are ordering those tribes which are under their sway,'' to send^ auxiliaries of infantry and cavalry. After this is known, he makes arrangements for a supply of provisions ; he choses a suitable place for the camp ; (and) orders the Etrurians to drive off their cattle and collect all their pr( perty from the country to the towns, hoping that barbarous and ignorant mc i, oast down by the scarcity of provisions, could be induced to fight on unfavourable terms. He gives (them) instructions to send many scouts among the Samnites, and to find out what is being done* among them. Interim pauci post dies facio ah Etruscus certus, Samnis omnis itnus in locus copioi cogo atque is natio, qui sub U sum imperium, demmcio, uti auxilia peditatus equitatusque mitto. Hie cog- nosco res, res frumentarius provideo ; castra idoneus locus deligo ; Etruscus hnpero, ut pecus deduco suusque omnis ex ager in oppi- dum confero, spero, harbarus atque imperUus homo inopia cibaria affligo, ad iniquus purpio conditio possum deduco. Mando, ut creher explorator in Samnis mitto, quique apud is gei'o. cognosco. XVI. About one hundred and thirty thousand men survived that battle, and they marched all that night^ withoat stopping. No interruption to the journey having taken place during any part' J 427. 2 631. « 492, 2. * 501, 1. fr 378, 1, 1). '378. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. Q SL^r&hfs Ws^^^^ ^^ *^^^^ ^^'^^^^ ^^S- to follow Exisproelmm circiter milk homo centum et triqinta suverswm mue totus noxcontinentev eo. 2iullm par. noxiUrSZta xn fines hosUs dks quartus pervenio, cum, et propter LTJurS^ e propter sepultura occims, noster, tridiuJmZr Tseauornm possum Imperator ad Etruscus littera^ nunciumne So neZ X'mr o^i ^ ' ^""^"""^ intermitto, cum omnU coplj is XVII. On the same day, having been informed by scouts that th^ enemy bad encamped at the foot of the mounineSht miles' from his camp, he sent persons to examine« what the nTture of the mountam was,^ and what kind of asceiit (there was Ihv f^faT ilut'^th^^r^^i;^'^^^'" '^^^^^ >. as easy. About the third watch he orders" his lieutenint nh praetorian power, to ascend the highest ridge of the i-.ountain, with twc legions and those asTuides who had hSrlbout tr'f "^l ^'r^ ^^^ -^^^^^ S pTant' He samfrLl »i\*^ ^o^^th watch marches after them by the ahead of h'r '"'""^ ^"'^ *^*''^' ^^^ ^^""^ ^^ ^^^ '^^valry kuio euTdur ■% '''^'^'"' ^'^^^''"^ ^^« P'-^ior, cum duo M26. «600. ^^SIS, II. «378. 4 492,2 »525. 10 301. "551,11., 1. * 531. 6 530, n 1. 7 378. "y96, III.,3). 13 414. trnm ill: 10 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. XVIII. When* this announcement was made', that they were attempting to pass through our Province, he hastens to leave the neighbourhood of the city, and by as long marches as' he can he proceeds into the country, and comes to Cremona. He levies from the whole Province as great a number of soldiers as he can (there was in all but one legion in farther Gaul). The bridge which was at Cremona he orders to be destroyed. When the enemy are informed of his approach, they send ambassadors to him, the noblest men of the state, of which embassy Caius and Cassius held the chief j^lace, to say* that their* intention was, without doing any harm to pass through the Province, because^ other road they had none. Cum is nuncio, is per Provincia noster ikr facio^ conor, maturo ah iirbs proficiscor, et quam mat/nus possum iter, ruK eontendo, et ad Crepiona pervenio. Provincia totus quam magnus miles Humerus impero (swn omnino in GaUia ulterior legio unus). Pons qui sum, ad Cremona jnbeorescindo. Ubideisad- ventus hostis certusfacio, legatus ad is initio, nobilis civitas, qui legatio Caius et Cassius princeps locus obtineo, qui dico, sui sum in animus, sine ullus malejicium iter per Provincia facio, propterea quod alius iter habeo nullus. XIX. Then at length the general, induced by the address of . ' is his friend, disclosed" what previously he had said nothing about. He said:*— "There are some whose influence among the common people is* very great, who, though private persons, have more weight than the magistrates themselves. These by their factious and dishonest speeches deter the populace from col- lectingi" the corn which they ought to furnish. If now they cannot hold the sovereignty, it is better to submit to the dominion of friends than to that of enemies ; nor ought they to doubt but that" if the Romans should conquer, they would take by force their liberty from the nation as well as from the rest of Gaul. By these same parties our plans, and what- ever is done in the camp, are told to the enemy." Turn demum dux, oratio amicus adduco, qtii avtea taceo, propono. Sum nonnulU, qui auctoritas apud plebs multum yaleo,- qui privatus multum jwssuvi, quam ipse magistratus. Hie sedi- tiosus atque improbus oratio muUitudo deierreo, ne frunientum 151s II 2 478. 8 170, 2, 2) & 444, 3. ♦500. 6 387. « 630, 1. 1 467, ih., 1. 8 5J0, II., 1. 9 531. 10 499, 2. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 11 confero, qui praesto deheo. Si jam principatus ohtineo non posmm, amicua quant hustiH imperiuvi per/ero, satin sum ; nequ9 dulntodebeo, quin, si supero Eomanus, tma cum rdiquus Gallia gena liber las eripio. Ab idem nosier consilium, quique in castra ijcro, hoslis enuncio. XX. The lieutenant, with his horse at full gallop, rides up to him. He says that the mountain which' he desired the soldiers to take possession of is held by the enemy; that he has asctr- tained this from the arms and standards. The general leads up his own forces to the nearest hill, (and)^ draws up his army As orders had been given him by the general not to engage in battle, unless" his forces were seen near the cami) of the enemy, so that an attack might be made at the same time ou all sides against the er.emy, the lieutenant, after taking the inountain, kept waiting^ for our men and refraining from battle. ^u^^ 1' ^" **^^ ^^y*" *^® general learned through scouts that the mountain was in possession of his men, that the enemy had moved their camp, and that the messenger, owing to his great terror, « had reported to him as seen what he had not seer. Legatus, eqims admitto, ad is accurro. Dico mans qui a miles occupo volo, ab hostis teneo; is sui ab arma atque insigne cognosco. JJux suus copice in propior collis subduco, acies inslruo. Legattis ut w praecipio a dux, ne proelium commito, nisi ipse copice prope hostis castra video, ut undique unus tempus in hostis impetus facto, mans occupo noster expecto proeliumque abstineo. Multus denique dies per explorator dux cognosco, et mons a smis teneo, et hostis castra moveo, et nuntivs timor perterreo, qui non video, pro visus sui renuncio. XXI. Havmg ascertained these things, the general cheered the minds of the inhabitants by his words, and promised that he would attend^ to the matter; that he had great hope tliat their king, induced by his kindness and influence, would put an end to his wrong-doing. When this speech was aelivered he dismissed the assembly; and besides these « 510, 487, & 503, III. 4 469, I. 6 426. 1531. « 67S, II. "587.1., 6. ' 390, 1. 12 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. (statementa) many things led him to think' that this matter shouhl he considered'' and undertaken by him ; especially since' he saw that the nation, who had been very frequently styled brothers and kinsmen by the senate, were being kept in slavery and under the dominion of others, and he knew that their hostages were with the king ; this he regarded as most disgraceful to him and the state in such an empire as the Roman people had. Hie res cotjnosco, dux incola animm verbmn confirmo, poUi- ccortiue, sul in res curasum; ma(jnus sui habeo spes, et benejicium suus et auctoritas adduco rex finis injuria facio. Hie oratio habeo, coneiUum dimitto ; et secundum is multus res is hortor, (juare sui is res co(jito et suscipio puto ; in primus quod natio, /rater eonsanguineusque soipenumero ab senatus appello, in ser- vitus atque in ditio video alius teneo, isque obses sum apud rex iiitelUgo ; qui in tantus imperium Populus Romanua turpis sui et respublica sum atbitror. XXII. Therefore he sends his lieutenant with the cavalry into the territory of the nations who are next the river. He gives him orders to go* to the rest of the inhabitants and keep them in allegiance ; and to hold in check the Germans, who were said to have been summoned to their aid, should they attempt* by force to cross the river in ships. He orders Calpurnius to set out for the country with twelve legionary cohorts and a large number of cavalry, lest auxiliaries should be sent to Gaul from these nations, and so great nations should form a union. He sends TuUius, the lieutenant with three legions to cause^ that force to be kept apart.'' Itaque legatus in fines vxitio, qui propior flumen sum, eum equitatus mitto. Hie mando, reliquus incola adeo, atque in officium eontineo ; Oermanusque, qui auxilium arcesso dico, si per vis navis fiumen transeo eonor, prohibeo. Calpurnius cum cohors legionarius duodecim, et magnus numerus equitatus, rus proficiscor jubeo, ne ex hie natio auxilia in Oallia mitto, ac tantus natio conjungo. TuUius legatus cum tres leglo mitto, qui is manus distineo euro. 1 492, 2 & 500, 1. t 562 & 565. 2 562 & 565. 8 520, 1. * 493, 2. 5 509. « 500. EXERCISES IN LATIN pnoSK. 13 XXIII. all the state rested on th^ valoi, iXl J ^° '"'"'^ "' wished it to be seen wUt they :„'«"• i^'ZdeTae^^^^^^^ tul, because* in many ulacea attinn« fV,«»/+ir . " granted, wheZoMered' to'^^'np fht'at'sXrSo'""' , Pugnodlu atqm acriter, cum hoatis, auperus victoria fr.fu. XXIV. "ea^rtyTart'sffll Sa'ute^kCrh*''' l"' ""?"'" '^^ ■■"- "the/tnV ?he 6^or» remSL'i'lrilJnT''"? .°^''" «-" the other tribes For s^nl fh.vb ^ diflferent manner from aUJhei^rope rty thither. Whe n the^enemS co're tf »«7, III., 1. «492, 2. 14 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. the beginning of these woods and had bognn to pitch hiB camp, and (when) no enemy meanwhdo had slu.wii himaelf, while ours were scattered at work, suddenly from all parts of the woods they rushed out and made an attack on our men. Idem fere tempus, imperator etdprope exUfojar<, aestaa sum, tame.n, quod, omnis reliquu>i gens paco, hie nupersum, aw m arma sum neqm ad in unqmm legatm de pax iiiUto, arbitror, ia helium ecle.riter conficiu pos.mm, eo ej:ercitm adduco ; qu\ hmqe alim ratio, ac reliqum natio, helium ago imtUuo. JS/am, qmd intelliqo, maifnm natio, qui proetiam contendo, pello iuperoque, 'rontinetisque Moa ac palm haheo, eo mim omn%9 confero. Ad qui initium ailoa cum imperator pervemo, cast- raquc 7nuuio imtituo, neque hoatis interim video, diapergo tn opus noater, aubito ex oitmia para ailoa evolo et in noater impetus facio. XXV. There was a certain Oreek in the camp, Xenoi-hon by name.»born of an honourable family, "who after the begmnmg of the siege had fled for refuge to Brutus, and had given him proofs of his fidelity. He persuades his slave by the hope of liberty and by great rewards, to take a letter to Athens. He carries this fastened on his javelin, and a Greek going about without any suspicion among the Greeks, he comes to the nraetor. From him information is obtained about the dangers of Brutus and the legion. After receiving the letter about the eleventh hour of the day, the praetor immediately sends a messenger to the quaestor, whose winter quarters were twenty-five miles' distant from him. He orders the legion to set out at midnight and to come to him quickly. Crassus set out with the messenger. He sends a second (messenger) to Fabius, the lieutenant, to lead his legion into the territory of the Lacedaemonians, where he knew he* would have to pass.' Sum unus intus Graecus, nomen Xenophon, locus nascor honestus, qui a prior ohddio ad Brutus perfugio, auusque ts Mes praesto. Hie servus apes liberfas magnmque persmuieo vraemium, ut litterae Athenae defero. Hie die tnjaculum tlltgo tffero et, Graecus inter Graecus sine ullus suspicio versor, aa vraeior pervenio. Abisde periculum Brutus legioque cognosce. Praetor, accipio litterae hora circiter undecimus dies, statim nunciusad quaestor mitto, qui hiberrui absumab m milk pa^aus viqinti quinque. Jubeo medius nox kgto projiascor celeriterque adauiveni^. Exeo cum nuncim Crasaua. Alter ad FaUus legatus mitto, ut in Lacedaemonii fin^s legio adduco, qua sm tttr facio ado. _^_._..—— ■ i429. »425,3. 'STS. « 384, 11.. 2. » 388. 6 562 EXKRCrSES IN LATIN PROSE. XXVI. 15 rnunn^^ l^^' "^^f" ?T*r'^' ^^<'"'"« ^« ''a*^ summoned a council 'having o.-:horted them to execute^ with care a.ul ^eal those thui.9which3 he ha.l ordered, he alU-t. to the i\oma„ knightB. o,.e to each, the shins which he had brought o 170™ Naples ; ami at the end of tke first watch' he orders tl em t^ proceed silently four miles down the stream.' and there a W M^f '*|%'';'« cohorts which he regarded as the least rel- ablofor bat le he leaves to gtiardUhe camp ; the othrr Hve of the same legion he orders to set out» with all their baggage about mulnight up the nv er' with great commotion. ^^ «.i"Tv-*"'! "'"V'T ''''^■*''»"» «o»'^«^o. cohortor ut ia, qui im- pero, dilupiter imlmtrieque administro, navis, qui a ^feJo^k dcduco, ^^,,;,uh eque. Itomanus attnbuo, et, priarionfidoSia am expe I julh .. Qainque. cohora, qui parumfinnus ad dimico sum exi.Hmo, castra prmidium re/inquo : quinque idmTeat rjUquus de medius nox cum omni/ impedimenta adverZ Jtumen inagnua tumuUua proficiscor impero. ^f^^rsm XXVJI. There were these difficulties in conducting' the war which we have shown above, but many things, notwithstanding^ kEhts-"r.''*'''^'rV.?^ ™^ ^^^"« by rftaSgZ^ knights ;T the renewal of the war that took place after thp surrender; the revolt, although hostages had bJen dven the conspiracy of so many states ; and above eve rythingdse (this) lest ,f he paid no attention to this part, « the other tr beg might thint that they' were at liberty' to do the same Accordingly, since he knew that almost all were anxiouHor change and easily and quickly stirred up to war, that dl men moreover are naturally eager for liberty and hate a statl of slavery, he thought that he ought'" to divide his force and spread it over a larger surfacefbefore more states entered^ into a conspiracy. v-uucicu t, fnlll'^f'^ff''' •'^^."'" ^''■^' ^'" ^"^'•^ o'i^^do, sed mnltm xs tarmnad labe.lUim incito ; injuria retineo eqaea ; rebelUo faco poat dedUio; defmio do obsea; tot civitaa cojuratio ; inprimZ ne hic parsne;fhyo, reliqnus natio sui idem licet arbilror. ItZue 9^^J^}ntelhgo, omnia fere Oallua novua rea studeo, et adSm mobihter celeriterque excUo, omnia autem homo naturalibertZ studeo, et condtio servitus odi; priuaguam muUua SZcoZro partxo am ac late distribuo exercituaputo. conepiro, , ' 431, 2. 2 492 2. ' 396, II. 8 431/2. I 501, I. 4 390, 11. 6 651. II.. 1. » 385. 10 232. U 523, II. * 662 & 568. 16 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. XXVIII. These instnictions were carried back to the general at the same time, and ambaasadora n\m.e from ths Gauls and the Germans ; vhe former, to complain^ that the tribes who had lately been brought over into Gaul were laying waste ^ their territory ; that they could not have obtained peace from the king^ even after giving hostages : the latter, moreover, that a hundred cantons had settled near the banks of the Ehine, who were making attempts to cross the river ; that two brothers were over them. Our general, being greatly alarmed at this, thought that he must make haste,* lest, if a new body should unite with the old forces, resistance might be less easily offered' to him. Accordingly, having arranged for a supply of corn aa quickly as possible, he hastens against the king by forced marches. Hie idem tempiis,imperator mandahim refero, et legatiis a Oal- his et Germanus venio ; ille queror, quod gens, qui nuper in Gnllm transiwrto, fines is pojndor ; sui ne obses quidem do pax rex redimo possum; hie autem, pagus centum ad ripa Rhenus consido, qui Humen transeo Conor ; is praesum duo/rater. Qui res noster imperator vehe.menter commoveo, mituro sui existimo, ne, si novu, manus cum vetus copice. rex sui conjungo, parum facile resisto possiim. Itaqiic rfisfrumentarius, quam celeriter possum, comparo, magnus iter ad rex contendo. XXTX. Wlien he hau advanced a three days' journey,^ word was brought him, that the king, with all his forces, was hastening to occupy the town, and haJ accomplished three days' journey from his territory. Our general thought that he'' should take great care* to prevent this from happe^'ng -^ for in the town there was the utmost abundance of everything of use for war ; and it was so fortified by the nature of the place that it aftorded '•' great facilities for prolonging the war : because a river surrounds" almosj the whole town, as if drav.n round bv a pair of compasses ; the rest of the space, which is not more than six hundred feet,'^ where the river breaks off, a mountain of grea!- height occr.pies, so that the foot of the mountain touches the bank of the river in both directions. A wuU thrown arount*^ it makes a citadel of this (mountain), and 1 669. 2 520, 11. » 396, I. ♦ 232. » 465, II., 2. « 396, IV., 1, 2). - 338. 8 232 & 466, II , 2. » 492, 1. 'O 494. " 620, 1. " 396, IV. W 384, It., 1. V '1 EXERCISES IN I '.TIN PROSE. 17 connects it with the town. Hither our general hastens by oTof ThTfow '^ f^ ''^"' "^^''*' ^'^^' ^^^-g taken poseB"^ sion ot the town, places a garrison in it. Cum triduumvia procedo, nuntio is, rex cum suus ovmis covi 481, IV. a 620, 1. MW. 4 603,111. 65624 666, II. •170 2 CQ 2 A ' ' m ¥ 18 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. XXXI. In their behalf the ambassador said : ' ' That they who before had had* most influence in the state, owing both to their own valour and the hospitality and friendship of the Roman people, crushed by these battles and calamities, had been forced"^ to give hostages, the noblest men in the state, ond to bind the state by an oath that they would neither ask ])ack» the hostages nor call upon the lloman people for help, nor would they refuse to remain* forever under their sway and power. He was the only one of all the state who could not be induced* to take^ the oath or give his children as hostages. For this reason he had fled from the state, and come to the senate at Rome to ask^ aid, since he alone was bound neither by an oath nor hostages. But it had turned out worse for the conquerors than for the conquered ; because the king of the Germans had settled in their territory and taken possession of the third part of the lan4 which was the best in all Gaul, and was now ordering the inhabitants to leave the other third part ; because a few months before about twenty-four thousand men had come to him, for whom a place and habitations were to be got ready. In a few years all of them would be driven" out of the territory, and all the Germans would cross the river." Pro hie loquor Icgatus: "Qui prcelium calamitasque frango, qui etsuus virtus, et Populns Romanus hmp'd'mm aUjm amicitia, multum ante in dvitas possum, cogo ohses do, nnbilis civitas, et jusjurandum civitas obstrlngo, sui neqne ohses repeto, neque anxilimn a Populns Romanus imploro, neqne recuso, quo minus perpetm sub ilk ditlo atque imperinm sum. Unus sni sum ex omnis cioitas, qui addueo non possum, ut jnro, ant liberi suus ohses do. Ob is res st;i ex chntas profugio et Roma ad senatus venio, mixilium postulo, quod solus neque jusjurandum neque ohses teneo. Sed male victor quam victus, acrido ; propterea quod rex Germanus in is fines consido, tertiusqw pars ager, (pii sum bonus totus Gallia occupo, et nunc de alter pars tertius incola decedo jubeo ; propterea quod, pauci mensis ante, milk homo viglnti quatuor ad is venio, qui hens ac sedes paro. Sum pauci ann"s, uti omnes ex fines pello, atque omnis Germanus /lumen transeo." XXXII. When this answer was brought back to our general, he again sent^ messengers to him with the following instructions ; "Whereas, (though) treated with so great kindness by him and »53l. »467, III., 1. 9 530. I. »643. *499. 6 492, 2. « 569. » 544, 1, EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 19 1 10 Roman people he was making' such a return that^ he objected when nwited to come to°a conference, ami h^l not consider that it was his» .hxty to speak* about the common interests and to inform hin.self. The following were wh^^ ?he ad to ask of him : first, no longer to bring^ across tlie river into Germany a multitude of men ; in the next pLace, to restore the hostages he had taken from the Celts, 'and to let the (.ennans have permission to restore to them with his con- sent those they had ; nor to harass the Celts without cause or wage war on them and their allies. If he did so he an.l the Roman people would forever be grateful and on fnendly terms with him ; if he should not obtain (what he wanted), he would not overlook the injury done the Celt<. « since, m the consulship of Caius Titurius and Marcus Brutus the senate had passed a resolution^ that whoever had the government of the province should defend the Celts and the other friends of the Roman people, so far as he could do it consistently with the interest of the state." Hie rcRpomum ad imperator refero, itcrum ad is leqatns cum hH' mandatum mxtto : " quonlam tantus suns iLulnsZ Bomanushen.Jmo afficio, Mc gratlam refero ut in coUonuium vemo invito f/mvor, neque de communis res dieo sui et comosco nTnL T"""T' ""^ i':!Postido;primum, nequis homo multitudo ample fransjlumen in Oe.rmania transdueo ; del le ofms, qui ^tUfn ^"^"h ''-f'r ^^^"'«"«'^'/"^ P^^rmitto, ut, qui ilk habeo, ' f f '''.'■'f^f/'^' ,,e«; neve Geltce injuria lacesso, neve Mc ■sociusque IS helium infero. Si is ita faeio, sui Populusque Jf Oman us perpetuus gratia atque amicitia cum is sum; si non mpp '-0, sui, quondam Caius Titurius Marcus Brutus comnl '^'uatus censeo, ufi, quirunque Provinria o1>tineo, quod cnm- >»od'rs pubheus fano possum, Crltce. ceteraque amicus }>"pulus Aomanus de/endo, sui Ce.ltcr injuriae non neyliy, » XXXIII. fl,?ff^^' ^^"^ ^'""^ ^"-/^^ '"''"^^^ • "That it was the law of war that tlie conquerors^ should rule the conquered as they wished • •onmw.;!'*]""''; *''^'* * -^ ^^^'"•''^ P""P^^ ^^'^^^ ^«"t to rule the conqucrecl, not accora,„g to the dictates of another, but their Te h It; TV i" *'" ^/l^ '^"* '^'''''^ *^^^ ^'^^'^^^ P«"Pl« li'^w to peonle i ff ' ^'" «"g^^* "f. *«.^'« obstructed by the Roman oome t "L/ ' '?'?'" ^^ .^"' 'f^^- The Germans had be- wT fn i f ^. *"* ^\''^' '"'^^ ^^""y h^^l Pi^t the fortune of Inornl i'''*' '''/V^ ^""^ ^<^"g^t '"^"d been overcome. The general v/as doing him a great injury, since by his coming he i X 1 Ma' 'm. 2 494. 3 ass. -. •:• 8 463,2, 1). ' 562 & 505. 6 492, 2. 6 396^ Ji 20 KXERCISES IN LATIN PltOSE. was reniis(pui virtus disputo. Ouuiis iste effo studiam de manus excutio, siuud. aUpie alupits motus norus hellieum cano coepi. Eteniw., nt aio inossum, neque maijniis consilium el virtus gero. Nam, cnm totus impetus bellum ad Cyziceni moenia cansisto, istjue urhs sui Mithridates Asiajanua sum puto, qui efframjo et I'evello, totns pateo pro- vincia ; perjicio ah Lucullus hie sum omnis, ut -urhs Jidelis SQcius defendo, et Qm,m& copies rex diuturnitas obsessio consumo. XXXYII. But we are foolish in presuming® to compare Drusns, Africanus, Pompey, ourselves, with P. Clodius. These (instiinoes) were endurable ; no one with equanimity can bear the death of P. Cl(Klius. The senate laments ; the order of knights grieves ; the whole state is wasted away with sorrow ; the municipal towns have put on mourning ; the colonies are in deep distress ; in a word, the very fields regret so generous, so benign, so humane a citizen ! This was not the reason, (3 judges — it was not, indeed — why Pompey thouglit* an investi- gation should be proposed by him ; but l)eing a njau of sense, and endued with a profound and almost god-like intelligence, he took many things into cor deration ; that the former was his foe, Milo his personal frieiid. If in the general exultation of all (parties), he too indulged in joyous feelings,^ he was M53. 2494. 8 519, 1. » 459, 3. « 525, 1. «482, 2. 6518,11. «6T8, III. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 23 afraid lest the sincerity of their re-established regard should seem but weakly founded. iiiwrco equenter ordo, lotus civitas corijido senium, sqnaleo mnni- clpium,^ offlicto colunia, ager denhpie ipse tarn beneficus, tarn mUtaris, tarn mansnetns civis desidero. Non sum is causa, judex, profecto, non sum, cur sni censeo Pompeins (picestlo fero ; sed homo sapiens atqne alius el divinns quidam mens praedilus riiultns video ; suvi ille sni inimicus, familiaris Milo ; in com- munis omnis laetitia, si etiam ipse (jaudeo, timeo, ne video iajirmus Jides reconcilatns gratia. XXXVIII. As it was evident^ that a murder had taken place on the Appian (way), I accordingly gave it ae my own opinion, not that the man in defending^ himself had acted injuriously to the state ; but, since violence and waylaying were con- nected with the matter, I reserved the question of guilt foi trial ; I recorded my reprobation of the affair. But, if the senate had been allowed^ by that turbulent tribune to carry out its resolution*, we should have no new commission; for it was coming to a decree that an investigation should be held in accordance with the ancient laws, only out of the regular routine. The question was voted on under its separate heads on the motion of some one,^ for it is not necessary for me to bring to light the worthlessness of all. Thus the remaining resolution of the seaate was got rid of by a hired veto. But, some say, Cn. Pempey by his bill gave his decision both concerning the fact and the question ; for he brought in a bill regarding the affr&y which had taken placed on the Appian way, wherein P. Clodius had been elain.^ llaque ego ipse deeerno, quum eaexhsin Appinsfacio constat, non ig,qui sui defendo, contra res pnhUcus facia ; sed, qmim insum in res vis et insidioe, crimen judicium reservo, res nolo. Quod siperfuriosns ille tritmnussenalns, quissentio,perJicio licet^ novus qnaestio nullus habeo^ Dectrno enim, vt veins lex, tan- tummodo extra ordo, qucero. Divido sententia postulo nescio qnis:; nihil enini necesse sum omnis ego Jlagitinm prof era. Sit reliquus anctoritas senatus emo intexcessio tollo. At enim Cn. Pompnus rogatio suns et de res et de causa judico ; fero enim de co'des, qui in Appius via facia, in qui P. Clodius accido. li I 1518,11. 2 517, L 8 510, 4 463,2,]), 6 «1, 2. « 63J. 24 EXERCISES IN LATIN FK08E. XXXIX. You pressed for a law about bribery, which you' had no need of ; for there was the Culpurniaa (law) drawn up with the severeat penalties attached. 1 toward was shown both to your wishes and your dignity. But the whole of that law would have armed your accusation, if you had^ (one really) Sdty before the court ; it has, indeed, thwarted your candi- ture. A penalty more severe against the people— the minds of the lower orders were alarmed--(namely) the penalty of exile against our order, was pressed for by your speech ; the senate yielded to your demand ; but with reluctance, at your suggestion, it enacted a more severe restriction against our common fortunes. A penalty was attached to an excuse of sickness. The friendly feelings of many were hurt, who^ had to make a great ettbrt,'' to the detriment of their health, or else. 111 adilition to the distress of illness, even the other enjoyments in life had to be given up. Lex ambitm ftagilo, qui tn non desum; scribo enim severe Calpnrmus. Gero mos et voluntas et diijnitas tuus. Sed lotus tile lex accusatio tuus, si hahco iiocens reus, fortasse anno • petitio vero refragor. Prosum ■f'lleo, aut ohmun: et continentia in victan omnis atque cultus, I'orpuH tueitr ciiu.m : et prwterinitto volnp/a.s ; posterius ars is, qui ad scicutui hie. pertmeo. Res auteiii. faini/iaris qucero drbeo is res, a qui ahsum turpitudo ; conseri'o aiitem diUgentia ft^ pursimoiiia ; idem etiam res augeo. Hie res commode Xmophou Socraticus persequor in is liber, qui CEconomicus inscribo. XLVI. Many, moreover, have been found ready not only to throw away' their money but even their lives for their native land : they would also be unwilling to make even the least sacrifice of their glory, even should the state require it. As (for instance) Caliicratidas, who, when Lo ■'\o'' leader of the Lacadaeinonians in the Peloponnesian v-%<\ and v.erfonned many distinguished deeds, finally c .« rirvue ■ everything, when he did not follow the advice of thnsc who thought that 1 b-2-l, II. 2 501, 1. EXEKCISES IN LATIN PROSE. S9 the fleet shouM bo withdrawn from Aririnu8.«, an-l that a batto Hhouhl not bo fouL^it with the Athenian;. Ji,H reply to them was, that the nace.laem.mians. after that Jleot had been l„stvvere able to budd another ; that he oould not Ave without disgracing himself. And this indeed was a slight blow to the Lacedaemonians : that was fraught with ruin bv which the rower of the Laceda,monians was i.tterly .losJrVed ^mi^uoiui' ' '""*^ ""popularity, rashly engaged H^th fnvenio auteni multm, qut non modo pecmia, se.d etiam vita profuudo pro patna mmi pamtus : idem ulomijacturn up mrmil Vuzdemjaao vol , m-. re, puhlicm quidem pohUUo. ih Luillicra. tidiiH q,u cum Laced(n,nomm dux mm PeAoponuedaniH helium muUu,fj>,e/aciu ef/re./ie, verto ad extre.mum omnis, cnni cnrm/ium nonparroiH, qui da.ssi.^ ah Anjinu^ce removeo, nee cum Athem- emjs dtmco puto. Qui ille renpondeo, Lacedmmouiu., clasl tile arndto ahu, paro pomum; sui/ugio .nine mus dedecm mm fosjonn Atque fuc quuem Lacedcemouius pUuja mediocri. : tile prsU/er qui cum Cleombrotus imidia timeo te.mere cum Jt^paminundas conJti>jo, Lacedmmonius opis corruo. XLVII. But, if the force of integrity is so great that we love it either in the case of persons whom we have never seen or what ,s stranger, in that even of an enemy, what wonder i^ It it the aflections of men receive an impulse when they seem to discern clearly the virtue and goodness ot those with whom tney may be unite that old age is even more stout-lieartcd and valiant ttian youth. Of this sort was that replv which was given bv Solon to Pisistratus the Tyrant, when to the former askin/ with relumce on what hope he so rcpolutclv withstood him. It 19 8aid that he answered, "On old age." But the best termi- 1 520, I. 2 4S6, XI. 8 611, II. 4 301, i. 5 500, n. « 666, II. im 32 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. Ri nation of life is when, with the mind and the other senses un- impaired, the same nature which cemented togetln : takes to pieces her own work. As he who has built a ship or a house likewise pulls it down with the greatest ease, so the same nature which has glued man together takes him to pieces best. Now every fastening of glue, when fresh, is rent asunder with difficulty, but easily, when hardened by time. Thus it is that that brief remnant of life should not b' either eagerly dcsii-ed, or without reason given up by old men ; and Pythagoras forbids us to retire from the post and station of life without the command of our general, that is, of God. Oinnis aetas cerius sum terminus : senectm aitiem nullus certus sum terminus, recteque in is vivo, quoad niunus officium exsequor et tueor pos-^ium et tamen mors contemno. Ex quifio ut animosus etiam senectus sum quam adolescentia et fortls. Hie ille sum qui Pislitrattis tijrannus a Solon respomleo, qiiuia ille qHce.ro, qui tandem spes fretns sui tarn audaciter obslsto, respondeo, dim, " Senectus." Sed i>ivo sumjinis bonus, quum integer mens ceter- aque sensus opus ipse suus idem qui coa(jm<:nto natura dissolve. Utnavis, id eedificium idem destruo facile qui construo, sic homo idem bene qui conglutino natura dissoloo. Jam omnis conglu- tinatio recens KSjre, inve.teiatus facile divello. Ita jio ut ille brevis vita reliquus nee avide appeto senex nee sine causa desero ; vetoque Pythagoras injussu imperator, is sum, Deus, de prcesi- dium et statio vita decedo. LI. I have frequently heard from my seniors,^ who said that they in turn, when boys, had heard it from old men, that C. Fabricius used to wonder at what he had heard from Cineas the Thessalian, when he was ambassador at the court of king Pyrrhus, that there was a certain mau at Athens, who declared himself a wise man, and that he said that every thing we did was to be referred to pleasure ; and on hearing him say so, that M.' Curius and T. Coruncanius were accus- tomed to wish that^ that might be the conviction of the Sam- nites and of Pyrrhus himself, in order that^ they might the more readily be conquered, since they had given themselves up to sensuality. M.' Curius had lived with P. Decius, who five years before the consulship of the former, had in his fourth consulship devoted himself for the republic. Fabricius knew him, Coruncanius knew him, who, as well from the 1 1€8, 4. 3 492, 2. 3 497. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 33 course of his own life as from the exploit of him whom I mention, Pubhus Deems, inferred that there was something m Its own nature lovely and glorious which was to be sought after for its own sake, and which, despising and continuing pleasure, all the besti of mankind pursued. ^ jly^T^'^''^T'^'.'^''' '''' ?'«'■»'« pmrasenex audio dico, mm, audio a Thesalan Cmeas, sum quidavi Athence qui sui "T!"'-^ J-''\r'V';'' '•''''' ""^"^'^ 1^if(^<^^o ad voluptas refero ; qm ex IS audio 31/ Carius et T. Coruncanius opto soko ut is Samnis ipseque Pyrrhm persuadeo, quo facile^incoposum qmm sm voluptas do. Vivo M'. Cur ins cum P. Dedusmd qmnqueunmm ante is consul sui pro res publicu quartus con- trT. '' V ^r' "^'''" Fahricius, nosco Coruncanius, qui tTJ/T 7:^"'.'''"'* ^* ^' ?«* dico P. Decius factum judico ■spontis peto, quique sperno et contemno voluptas bonus quisqw. LII. .^?^^JrllT^ Y'\ "' ^"°'"''' ?".'*"'" ^^^^ "^*^'^ speaks of his o^v n vir tues i for he was now living in the third generatiou^' of men ; nor had he any occasion to feel apprehensive, lest^ in telling the truth of himself, he should seem to be ei^ther too overbearing or too talkative. For (as Homer says) from his tongue ilowed words sweeter than honey, for which sweenes he needed no strength of body ; and yet the illustrious chief! W 1 i! ^■''''r ^^«^\'ei-e desires to have ten men like Ajax, otSt^ff t'' '"'^ ^ «"« «Jrl^l have happened, he doubts not but* that Troy would quickly fall. But I return to myself 1 am in my eighty-fourth year. In truth, I should like to have It in my power to make the samo boast^ as Cyrus did this, however, I can say, not indeed that I have such bodily powers* as I had either in the Punic war as a private, or n the same war as quaestor, or in Spain as consul, or four years afterwards when 1 fought at Thermopylae as mi itary tribune vou J ^T'"^'^".P "^•.^•' ^•^^^"^ ^^^^"« ' y^^ «*i" «^d ago (as you see) has not quite unnerved me, nor broken me down- rmtrri t '''°T*' °°* *^^ ^°'^ «^ «^y strength, nor the rostra, nor my friends, nor my clients, nor my guests. For I have never given in to that old and much prlised proverb, w sh fn S """"^'m ' y^^ *^ ^"^^'"^ a^ old min early, if you wish to be an old man long. '' ^ » 458, 1. 2 378. 3 492,4,1). * 498, 3, 1). 5 371, 1, 3), (2). « 428 3a fii 1 34 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. Videone ut apud Homertis scepe Kfntor de virtus fiuus prcedico ? Tertius enim jam aetas homo vivo, nee sum is vereor ne verus prcedico de sui nimis video aut insokns aut loquax. Etenim ut aio Homerus, ex is limfua mel dulcis fiuo oratio, qui ad suavitas nullus egeo corpus vires ; et tamen dux ille Oroecia nusquam opto ut Ajax similis habeo decern ; at ut Nestor, qui si accido, non dubito quin brevis Troja pereo. Sed redeo ad ego. Quartus annus ago et octogeslmus ; volo equiden idem possum glorior qui Cyrus; sed tamen hie queo dico, non ego quidem is sum vires qui aut miles bellum Punicum aut qucestor idem bellum aut consid in Hispania sum, aut quadrennium post quum tribunus militaris depugno apud Therjnopyloi M\ Acilius Qlabrio consul ; sed tamen, ut tu video, non plane ego enervo nee affligo senectus ; non curia vires mens desidero, non rostrum, non amicus, non cliens, non hospes. Nee enlm unquam assentior vetus ille laudatusque proverbium qui moneo, Mature fio senex, si din volo sum eenex. \ I I Oil. In the meantime, as soon as Clodius knew (for it was not hard to ascertainy^ that Titus, on the twentieth of January,^ had a stated, legally appointed and unavoidable journey (to make) to Lanuvium to nominate a flamen, because Titus was dictator at Lanuvium ; he suddenly left Rome himself the day before, in order (as'^ was known bywhat happened) to place an ambuscade for Titus in drant oi 'his own farm. And he set out in such a way ihat'he l^ft bdliuid him a tumultous assem- bly in which his fury was greatly missed, which was held on that very day, and which, if he had not wished to compass a time and place for the atrocious enterprise, he would never have quitted. But Titus, after having been in the senate on that day until it was adjourned,* came home, changed his shoes and clothes, waited for some time while his wife, as is customary, made^ her preparations, and then set out at the time* when Clodius, if indeed he had intended returning to Rome that day, might have already returned. Interim, quum scio Clodius — neque enim sum difficilis scio — iter jtollemiis, legitimus, necessarius ante dies XIII Kalendae Fehruarius Titu^ sum Lanuvium ad flamen prodo, quod sum dictator Lanuvium Titus, Roma subito ipse proficiscor pridie, ut ante suus fundus, qui res intelligo, Titus insidice colloco. Atque ita proficiscor, ut contio turbulentus, in qui is furor »549. 2710,11. 8445,7. ♦522,1. M67, III., 4. « 396, III., 2, 3). EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 35 hc!^.7eZZ"tr" "^^ "i^^ nisi aheo fa^mus mZuZf^uf^' ''""*^'»"* reUnqm. Titus autem quum in commo7orT;nT ' P/^^^'^^^f' ^«"* ««^ ^^or, utfio, comparo. ), wori ff/o LIV. t\ttn^fhT7T P^««edi that ten commisssioners should par- tition the state, over which the king had ruled between hf« son and nephew. Of this commission Caius Julius was the eader. a man distinguished, and at that time of wSt in the senate, because, when consul, on the death of £cS Crassus and Spurius Cassius he had made a most cruel use against the commons of the victory of the nobility Sough the nephew had regarded him as one of his friends at Rome ifberaHtv^'anrhv^^ T*^ *^' T^* ^'"^^^ attention : by iioeralityand by lavish promises he broucht it abmit ^l,of ^hllf'^r^^^^^ r^'^ ^^^^^*^&'^ *« repuTaton, to honor^^^ amhn« f ^'- '^*r''*'- ^^^^^g made advances to the other ambassadors in the same way, he gains over very many of them ; few held honor in higher esteem than money. ^ TuL. T -^j^"^ '^^'^' ^"* ^if^iio Princeps mm Cains Julms, homo darns et turn in senatus patens f qnia consul Marcns Crassns et Spurius Cassias interfido, kc?Z vidora ^obibtaszn pkbs exerceo. Is f rater JilL tametsi RomaTn amtcus haheo, tamen accurate recipio ;do et pollicitorTerficTo nhjarr^a, fides, posterius omnis suns res commodvm rexarZf^o Relxquns legatvs idem via adgredior, plerique capio tmci cams fides, quampecunia mm. 'l'^ ^ap%o , pauti Icilis scio — LV. By frequently making^ these (charges), and others of a a similar nature the tribune persuaded^^ the peopkthat Cor^ nehus Cinna, who was at that time pr^tor, sLuld be sent to Andnscus, and that he should bringliim to Rome (the pSblS faith bemg pledged for his safety), in order that' the crimes of the. commander, and of the othfir« whnm +v,.v -^^-•■r^-T - 1 481^ IV., 2. a 659 & 566. 8 499. m 1 1 1 ! 36 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. having received money, ^ might be proved by the evidence of the king. While these things were going ^ on at Rome, those who had been left by Metellus in Mysia in charge of the army, adopting the practice of their commander, committed very many most flagrant crimes. There were some who, under the influence of a bribe, handed^ over the elephants to Andriscus ; others put up* the deserters for sale ; some^ car- ried off booty from peaceful (states) ; such a violent attack of avarice like some infection had taken possession of their minds. But Cornelius Oiuna sets out to go to Andriscus, after the bill proposed by the trilnme had been passed and all the nobility defeated. He persuaded him, (now) timid and without confidence in his own strength from a conscious- ness of guilt, not to prefer recourse to violence to recourse to pity, since he had given himself up to the lioman people. Hk atque alius hicce modus saepe dico tribtinus x>opulas persuadco, uti Cornelius Cinna, qui tvmi praetor sum, ad Andriscus mitto, (inter pono Jidcs puhlicus), Roma duco ; quo facile, indicium rex, imperator et reliquus, qui pecunia capio arcesso, delictum j)<^tpfacio. Dum hie Roma gero, qui in Mysia relinquo a Metellus exercitus praesum, sequor mos im- perator, mitltus et JlagitiosHs facinus facio. Sum qui, aurum corrumpo, elejihantus Andriscus trado ; alius perfwja ve^ido; j)ars ex pacatus praeda ago ; tantus vis avaritia in animus is, velidi tabes, invado. At Corvelius Cinna, perfero rogatio a tribunus, (ir per cello omnis nobiiitns, ad Andriscus projiciscor ; is timidtis et ex conscientia dlffido res suits persiiadeo, quo sui populus Romanus dedo, ne vis quam misericordia experior malo. LVI. The state at that time was violently disturbed at Rome l»y the quarrels of the tribunes. Aulus Sulpicius and Licinius Crassus, tribunes of the comriions, in opposition to the wishes of their colleagues, were endeavouring to keep in ofHce : and this difference of opinion continued to delay the elections of the whole year. In consequence of this delay, Porcius, who, we mentioned before, had been left with praetorian power in the camp, being led to expect either that he would finish ® the war or that he would exact money from the king through the terror caused by his army, summons his troops from their winter quarters to an expedition in the month of January ; and by forced marches, though the winter was severe, he arrives at the town of Pergamus, where the royal treasury was. Although this (town) could be'' neither taken nor besieged, both 1 410, II. a 467, III., 4 & 522, 1. 3 501, 1. 4 545 1. 6 433, 6. 562 & 563, 1, 1). T 516, I. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 37 m consequence of the severity of the weather and the advan- tage of Its position, (for around tlie wall, which was built on the ledge of a rugged mountain, a muddy plain had formed a marsh owing to the winter's rains) ; still, either for the pur- pose of making a feint to inspire the king with terror,^ or vo? 1 rlJ'^' ^^'^ ilesire (of its wealth), he began to bring for- wnid^ the vmea', to throw up a breastwork (and) to hasten other things which were likely to be of use« for his plan. Aius Sulpicius et L>ruuns Cmmis, tribunus plebs, reiisto collega, coMmm mmjistratH, nitor ; qui dls.. ntio totus annus comitia xmiwdio. I, mora in spes adduco Porcius, qui pro prcetor m castra rehnouo svpra dico, aid covfcio hellmn,aut terror exercitus ah rex pecmiia capio, miles mensis Januarius ex Juhe.rna m expediho eroco : maynus iter, hiema asper, per- vemo ad opjmlmn Peryamus, ubi rex thesaurus sum. Qui quamquam et scevdta tempus, aut opportunitas locus, nemie capio, neque ohsideo possum, (nam circum mums, sino in prce- raptus mons extremum, planities limosus hiemalis aqua jmlus Jacio J tamen, aut simulo jhich he said had been given him in the name of the general A copy of it is given below. ^ ri\t'^i'''^3' ^"^'""f* = " ^'^ ?'"'« «& miatus peto volo, ah arma fscedo, Eoma supplex projiciscor ; is mansuetudo atque miseri- IZ'? T"-'V'T^''''^'^^^^^^^^ ''^'P^rsum, at nemo un- quam ah is frustra auxihum peto." At dux hostis ex iter 1 38i3, I. 2 545, L »523. 38 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. plerique consularis, proeterea bonufi quisque, Utter ce mitto: "sui falsua crimen drcumvenio, quoniam /actio inimicus resisto nequeo, fortuna cedo, Musdlia in exilium projiciscor ; non quo sui tantus scelus conncius ; sed uti res puhlicua quietus mini, neve ex suus contentio seditio orior." Ah hie longe diversm literat L. Scipio in senatus recite, qui sui noinen dux reddo dico. Is exemplum infra scribo. LVIII. There were at that time some who* said that the con- spirator, after the delivery of his speech, when he was swear- ing'^ the accomplices of his guilt, carried^ round in goblets the blood of a human body mingled with wine ; that when, after a solemn imprecation, all had tasted thereof, as is cus- tomary* in sacred rites, he unfolded his plan ; and that he repeatedly declared (or, "and it was currently reported that") he did so with this object that* they might be more faithful to one another, being partners* with one another in so great a crime. Some thought that these (stories), and many others besides, were trumped up by those who believed '' that the hatred against the consul ^ which afterwards arose, was les- sened by the heinousness of the crime of the men who had been punished. This matter has been insufficiently ascer- tained, considering its importance. But at that meeting was Caius Titurius, descended from a very honourable family, (and) covered with villaniea and crimes, whom the censors had expelled from the senate on account of his infamy. The vanity of this man was no less than his boldness. He neither kept to himself * what he had heard, nor did he himself con- ceal his own crimes : in short, he had not the slightest regard for what he said or did. Sum is tempestas, qui dico, conjuratus, oratio liabeo, cum ad jusjurandum popularis scelus suus adigo, huvianus corpus sanguis, vinum permisceo, in patera circumfero ; inde cum post ' exsecratio omnis degunto, sicuti in solemnis sacrum facio con- suesco, aperio consiliuvi suus, atque eo, dictito, facio, quo inter sui fidus magnopere sum, alius alius tantus f acinus conscius. Nonnulli Jingo hie, multus proiterea, existimo, ab is, qui consul invidia, qui postea orior, lenio credo atrocitas scelus is, qui poena do. Ego is res pro magnitudo parum comperio. Sed in is conventio sum Caius Antonius, nascor haud obscurus locus, flagitium atque f acinus cooperio ; qui censor senatus, probrmn gratia, amoveo. Hie homo non parvus vanitas quam audacia; neque reticeo, qui audio, neque s%iiumiet ipse scelus occulto ; prorsus neque dico, neque facio, quisquam pensus habeo. 1501. 1. » 501, 2. 2 529. 8 396, II. 3 530, I.. 9 545, 1. * 531, 3. 6 497. « 3i>0, 2, 2). EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 39 LTX. , When he said this, having made a slight delay, he orders the signal for battle to be given, draws up his troops, and leads them torth to even ground ; then, after the horses of all had been removed, that the soldiers might have' greater courage when the danger was made equal, he himself on foot arraiiges his army in accordance with the nature of the ground and the extent of his forces. For, as there Avas a plain between mountains on the left, and a rugged rock on the right, he places eight cohorts in front ; the other divisions he stations m closer array as a reserve force. From these he draws off to the front rank all the picked centurions and the veterans as well as all the best in arms of the common soldiers. He orders Cneius Piso to take the command on the right wing, (and) a certain Tarquinian on the left^• he himself takes his post along with his freedmen and the cohorts near the eagle, which it was said Caius Julius had had in the Mithridatic war. But m the other part (of the field i, Aulus Gabinius, being footsore, 3 entrusts his army to his lieutenant, because he was unable* to take ]jart in the battle. He (arranges) in the front rank the veteran cohorts, which he had enrolled on account of the rising ; he arranges the rest of the army behind these among the reserves. Hk uU dko, paulMum commoror, slgnum cam jubeo, atque imtruo ordo in locus (Bquus deduco: dein, removto omnis cqum, quo miles, excequo periculum, animus amplus sum, ipse pedes exercitus, pro locus et copive, insiruo. Nam, uti planities sum inter sinister mons, et, ab dexter, r'>^pes asper, octo coho^s in frons constituo: reliqi"" sictnum in suhsidium arete colloco. Ab hie centario omniK 'meatus, ju'ceierea ex (jregarius miles bonus quisque ar prior acies subduco. Cneius Piso in dexter. Tarquixien , -m sinister pars euro jubeo : ipse cum libertus st colonus r aquila adsisto, qui bellum Mithridalicus Caius Julius in axtreitus habeo dico. At ex alter pars Aulus Gabinius pes ce(/er, quod proilium adsiim nequeo, legatus exercitus permitto. Ilk cohors veteran us, qui tuviultus causa conscribo, in frons; jjost is, cetera exercitus in subsidium loco. I ■•VI LX. But after the news arrived in the camp that the conspiracy had been brought to light at Rome, (and) that punishment had been inflicted upon the conspirators (whom I have men- » 497 & 387. 2 422, 1, 1). « 429. * 520, I. m 40 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. tioned above), very many, whom tlie lutpe of plunder or the desire for a revolution had induced to join in the war, slipjiecl away.* The chief conspirator led off tlie rest through rugged mountains hy forced marches to the territory of Ktruria, with the intention of escaping'^ by by-ways into (iaul. But ( 'ains Marius with three legions held tlie command in this district, since he susjjectrd that the leader of the enemy would form this very jdan, which we have before mentioned, in consequence of the dilKculty of his jjosition. When, there- fore, he learned from deserters of the directi(m he had taken, lie (piickly moved his camp and pitched it at the very base of the mountains, where he would descend (literally: "there was a(lescent to him") when hastening into (Jaul. Still Cornelius Sylla was not far distant, inasmuch as^ he ff)llowed in pursuit with a large army, encountering fewer obstacles in a more level country. But when the conspirator saw that he was hemmed in by mountains and by the forces of the enemy, that matters in the city were against him and that there was no hope ; of escajie or assistance, he determined to engage in battle with Cornelius Sylla at the iirst opportunity, tliinkiug that tlic best course in such an emergency was to try the fortune of war. Sed, postquam in castra mintius j>ervemo, Roma conjin^tio patefncio, dc. conjuratics, qui .supra rtiemoro, supplicimn sumo ; pleriipie, qui ad belluiii upes rapina, aut novus res studimn lUicio, dilabor. lidlquas dux conjuratus per mom atrper, marp aus iter, in a(jer Etruscus abduco, is consilium, tif.i per trames occuUe perfuipu in Gallia. At Caius Marius cum tres letfio in hie locus prwsideo, ex difficultas res idem ille exist imo, qui supra di'-o, dux hostls affito. Ljltur, ubi Iter U ex perfur/a cognosco, castra propere moreo, ac sub ipse radix mons consido, qua ille (kscensus sum in Gallia propero. JW'que taimn GorneliuH Sijlla procul absum ; iitpote qui maijnus exercitus, locus mpius expeditus, in fucja sequor. Sed conjuratus, postquam video mons atque copia. hostis sui cluudo, in urbs res adversus, neque fa{ja,neque presidium ullus spes ; bonus factum re or in talii^ res fortuna bellam tento. status cum Cornelius Sylla quam- primum conjlitjo. LXL He therefore entrusts the matter to one Lucius Scipio to find out the deputies of the Gauls and influence tlicm, if he could, to join in the war, thinking that they could be easily induced to adopt such a course, being burdened with debt as a people and individually ; (and) further, because the nation 1467, III., 1. 2 481, IV., 2. 3 519, 3, 1). EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 41 was naturally fond of war. Scipio was well known by many of the leading men, and knew ttiem. because he bad traded^ in Oraul. Uierefore, as soon as be saw the deputies in the market place after he had n.ade a few enquiries abou the condition of the state, an 'T? J,^""^ fu'" "" assistance (for them) in it ; that they awaited death as the remedy for their miseries ; ' ' but I " Kin Z^ ^7 'i ^'"'^ w^^ ''T^''' «"«^ ^^"« a« you com- } ,1 . ) ^'^'1,^'', ''"'^ *h''' *^^« 'loputies of the Gauls, T.e ng led to form the highest expectations, began to tnt^cate 1.UC1US bcipio to take 7 compassion on them ; that there was nothing so hard or so .lifHcult that they would not do m^st eagerly provided such a course would free the state f^om debt Besides he sends for Gracchus, that what he said might have more we ght. In his presence, he disclose.! *The conspiracy and told the names of his associates ; (ami), in addition, those of many innocent persons of all classes, that the deputies might have more courage. Igitur Lucius Scipio quidam negotiim do, uti hqatus OnUuH recjruro zsque si possum impdlo ad societas hdlL, existimo picbhce privatimque cjs alienus opjmmo, prceterea, quod natura S/^^ ''"!;'• T'/"''^' ^'^ "^ '«^*'^ ^«««^^''"« adduco possum Scipw, quod m Oalha negotior, plerique princops noscoatque is nosco. Itnque sine mora, nbi prius legatus in forum conspicio percundor pauci de status civitas, d quasi doho is casuTre- qitirocyi, ''qui exitus tantus malus spero?" Postmmm ille tn.: v^"'**^r/5' "''«^'"^^« magistratus, accuso senatus, quod in ^s auxihum nihil sum ; miseria suits remedium mors exLcto ■" at ego tnquam, "tu, si mode vir sum volo, ratio osteiido, nui tantus zste malum effugio." Hie uU dico, legatus G alius li magnus spes adduco Lucius Scipio oro, uti suiidsereor nihU ZtaTZl Tr ^«^;V''^^^^*^' ^^'"^ ^"^'■'^^ /«^'«' dum'isrl nvitas ces alienus lihero. Pra'terea Gracchus arcesso, quo magnus auctontas sermo insum ; is prcesens covjuratio aierio ■ TnnZ '''■'""' P^'^'^f'''' ^"^<«* Q^ime gems innoxius, quo legatus animus omplus sum. > h"^ LXII. wi.^1 Ji""^^^ n ^'y^^ .^^'^^"^ ^ ^^**^^ ^«r *he conspirator, of which^he following is a copy : "Who I am 8 you wiU learn 8 52^ "'''''■ ''''■ *467,in..l. ^608. .£45,1. 7 4bl.iv7, 42 EXERCISES IN LATIN PIIOSE. from him whom I have nent to you. Take care that' you reflect how great your misfortune is, and that you be a man ; consider what your circumstances reijuire ; seek hel[) from all, even from the lowest." In addition to this he gives verbal instructions : " Since he has been declare^'SHC88ion of the citadel, and anJ^ w\ r"^^ i'^- *^^,«'-<'»"y thy timely aid.'' Havhu, Heard . At this spot, Jupiter, supremely good (and) creat commands you Lo halt, an.l renew the light." The Romans ha ted as though commanded by a voice from heaven tL king himself llies forward to the van. Teneo tamen arx Samnis, atque hide postertis dips, cum Homanus exercitus mstruo qui inter Palatium Capitolinusmie colh, campmmm covipleo, non prius descendo in Jquus, nnam ira et cupuhtas recupero arx stimulo animus in adversvs Aulas Postumms, ab Povianm Quintus Curtius. Hie res fZZT "uTu /'"' '"^,^^'-"««^' «'^««"* animus atque audacia smmeo. Ut Hostm caao, confestim Homanus inclino acies, fudoque ad vetKs porta Palatium. Hex Homanus et ipse turba fuuiem ago arma cul caelum tollo. ^^ Jupiter, tmJ inquam Jidjeo avu hic m Palatium primus urbs fundavientum jacio medmsvalhs tendo. At tu, pater deus homoque, hinc saltern areeo host^s demo terror Pomanus fugaque f^dus sisto Hie egotutemplum Stator Jupiter, qui monumenticm sum posterns tuus prcesens opts servo urbs, moveo" Hic precor velut si sentw audio, preces, -hi^rc" inquam, "Pomam(.t>y alter in contra vis facio. Furius legatus — frater idem con- sul sum — longe effero cursus, nee suus ille redeo perseqnor studium neque hostis ab tergum incursus video. Ita excludo multus scepefrustra conatus capio ut via sui ad '"astra facio, acriter dimico cado. Et consul nuniias circumvenio frater converto ad pugna, dum sui temere magnopere quam srtis caute in medius dimicatio infero, imlnus accipio cegre ab circumsto eripio. Ft suus animus turbo et ferox hostis facio. Qui coedes legatus et consul vulnus accendo nullus deinde vis sustineo possum, cum compello in castra Romanus rursus obsido nee spes nee vis par, venioque in periculum sumnia res, ni T. Quinctius peregrinus copia, cum Latinus Hernicusque exercitus subvenio. 1 618. 11. 9 522, 1., & 467, III., 4. 8 679. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. LXIX. 49 coS"\^r!r ^"^ Proculus Virginius were next made consuls. A tioaty was made with the Hernici, two-thirds of commons To H."if T"^ ?' ^^^^"'' *^^ "^her among the selves possessors, at the danger of their nronrrf v ![,?+ il was also among the senators! sourceof aSty L the Vublic welfare, that the consul by his donation was establ^hiSf an SrS' 'r^r"^, '' 'tly- Then for the firs? timf In dfZZ I ' ^™"^'?* ^"''^^'^'' ^hich from that time gtlLHomtot-rs^^ t: s^^L^The^^l^r "^^^^ ^^^ opposed to the donation, ^tht^%n WetfVeTelr and not against the wishes of all the commons, since thev at first had felt disgust that the gift was extended from cSn. to allies. They also heard the consul often afterwards in tfc assemblies, prophesying, as it were, "that the gifTaf h s col league was hurtful ; that those lands were f ire to brint slavery to those who received^ them- thtt thp w J f^ sovereignty was being paved. Why wTs it that the aS and S'resfoHnTtYrn'^"^-^''"^**^^*- What was the ob'e'ct ot restoring to the Hernici, enemies a short time before a third part of the captured territory, unless that these Se8 may have Caasius instead of Coriolanus as leader ' Spurius Cassius deinde et Proculus Virginius consul facvo; cum Hernici f<^dus ico ; ager pars duo idimo Me Mum socms dimidium plebs divido consul AMcZ htc munus ager ahquantum, qui publicus possideo a pnZtus res suus terreo. Sed et publicus pater soUicitudo ineo largitto consul periculosus libertas opis struo. Turn Zus lex agranus promulgo, nunquam deinde usque ad hil r^moria sine m^gnus motus res agito. Consul alter iLuh resisto auctor pater nee omnis plebs adversor, quipriZCZ fasttdw; munus mlgo a cims in socius. slpedZd^^et sum ager ille servttus ts qui accipio fcro, regnum via facio Qms ita emm adsumo socius et nonJn Latvnus? Quis attmeo Hermcus, paulo ante hostis, capio ager pars terZ reddo, msi ut is gens pro Cassius dux 4rio/L.,f E.fp U78.V.,&573. 8 396.111. 8530,1;. « 553, III., 3 fii •Hi M' ^ ' . ^^" 1 !>'! 50 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. i^' 111! LXX. The dictator, however, as one who went* into battle relying rather on the courage than on the strength (of his men), began to look about and to consider in every way how he might l)y some artifice strike terror into the enemy. He cieverly devises a new plan, which many of our own generals and ot those of foreign nations have since adopted, some indeed m our own day. He orders the burdens to be removed from the mules, and two side cloths only being left to each, he places the muleteers on them, arrayed in arms belonging partly * to the prisoners and partly to the sick. Having (thus) equipped nearly a thousand of these, he mixed with them one hundred cavalry, and orders them to march by night to the mountains above the camp, and hide themselves in the woods, and not to stir from this place before they received* the signal from him. As soon as it was dawn, he began to extend his line along the base of the mountain, intending that the enemy should be placed with the mountain facing them. The means of infusing groundless terror being completed, which terror indeed was almost of more service than real strength, the leaders of the Gauls at first believed that the Romans would not come down to the place ; then, when they saw that they suddenly descended, they also eager for the fray rushed to battle, and the struggle began before the signal was given* by their leaders. Dictator tamen, ut qui magnopere animus quam vis fretus ad certamen descendo, omnis circumspicio atque agito coepi, ut ars aliquis terror hostis incutio. Sollers animus res nomis excogito, qui deinde multus noster atque externus imperator, noster quoque quidam cestas, utor. Mulus stratum detraho juheo Unique tantum centunculus relinquo agaso partim captivus partim oeger arma orno impono. Mic fere mille efficio centum admisceo eques, et nox super castra in mons evado ac silm sui occvlto juheo neque inde ante moveo, quam ah sui accipio signum. Ipse, uhi illucesco, in radix mons extendo acies coepi sedulo, ut adversus mons consisto hostis. Instruo mnus terror apparatus, qui quidem terror multum pcene verus vis prosum, primo credo dux Oallus non descendo in cequu^ Romamis; deinde, uhi digredior repente video et ipse avidus certamen in proelium ruo, pri/usque pugna coepi, qvMm signum ah dux do. 1519,3. M61,6. »386,6. « 623, 1., * 473. 6 623, II., 2. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 61 LXXL d Ji? ,f ^P'^^''^^ ««««ied too harsh to the senate, and almost slili) '^h.Tfr^"' ^"^ arms through exasperation. (They said ) that they were now being attacked by famine as if they were pubhc enemies ; that they were bdng defrauded tLtS^'^'iTf^'''' ' *^^* ^«^^^g^ «^r". the only main takeS o ,rni' fl,^'"*"^' unexpectedly gave» them, would be unfn f^i \ n""- "'^J'*^'' "^'^"'^ th« t"bunes were given • hEn on thP W^''' VT'""^' '^^^^^^ satisfaction be afforded ^n^,n? .^ ^' ''^ **''' ^^^^^ commons ; that he had toShL\'o^r' "''">. '^''^*^"^^^' *^ «^^t^^«« them either n^ V,1m ^ slavery." An assault would have been made ?Hi« • I '^^« g«'"g o»t of the senate house, had not the tribunes just m time appointed* a day for his trial. There- yhS^K '"^' ^^^ f''^'^- E^'^h one saw that he him- self had become a judge ; that he had become the arb t^r of the life and death of his foe. At first with haughty air ^tiTf^!'"^'lf \\^^% *^^^^*^ «^ *he tribunes. (He replied) that the right of lending aid, not of inflicting punishment monf r^; *f *.^* '^'l ' *^^^* ^^''y ^^re tribun^esT he com JSf 4? **"" senators " But. with such hostUe feelings munitv5 Z'T''" ^"-'f *^^* *^" «^"^*«^« had to obtain im- munity & by the punishment of one. They made i atanH however, iu his favour in spite of the puwS ill-^11 and '^^rti^rr^^^ themselves both of thSr own strength as well as that ot the entire order. And at first atrial was Tw ^?^'5- ^-^1 P?*TS their clients in suitable pTaces, by deterrings individuals from attending cabals and meetinS^ they could upset the affair. Then in a body they p^oceedfd (you would have said alF the senators were on thei? trial) earnestly entreating the commons, that if they wiuld not pardon as innocent they would at least, out 5 Tegard for them, pardon as guilty one citizen, one senator. „.f * '^'u*^' *'''^'' ^'^'■''^ '^«'' sententia et plebs iraprope frZVn . "* '''' i"^*^ '''''* ^''^'' ^^^ ^b^' vietisque Sraudo peregrmus frumentum, qui rohis alimentum ex mncxo^ dedo tribunus, msi de tergum plebs Botmnus satisfacio ; Y smmrmfex novus exorior, qui ant morior antservio juoeo. In exeo e cuna impetus facio, ni peropportmie ^dommus mta nexque mirmcus facio video. ContevJtvr^ P^^o Marcius audio rmruB tribunicius: '^ Auxiliumnon poe na JUS do ille pote stas, plebsque non pater tribunus. awm." , » 630, 11.. 1. '«3.1, 1). « 445. 9. If" 'fel »631. ♦510. »562. >5«0&566. lie' li;t !; 1 62 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. Sed adeo infensiis coorior plehs, ut nnns poena defnngor pater. Resisto tanien adversns invidia, ^Uorque qua suus qnisque, qua totus ordo vis. Ac primo tempto res, si dis- pono cliens ahsierreo singuli a coitio consiliumqne disjicio res possum. Universus deinde procedo—quisquis sum pater reus dico—preces plehs exposco, unus sui civis, unus senator, si iniwcens absolvo nolo, pro nocens dono. LXXII. After the defeat of the Sabines, when the government of the king and tL. Afhole Roman state was^ in high renown and very flourishing, word was brought to the king and the senators that there had been a shower of stones'-' on the Alban mount. As this couhl scarcely be believed, on persons being sent to inquire into this prodigy, a thick shower of stones fell from heaven,^ just as when winds pelt on the earth hail in balls. They seemed also to hear a loud voice from the grove on the hill top, (requesting) the Albans to perforin, in accordance with the custom of their fathers, their religious rites, which they had c(msigned to oblivion, as thouo-h their gods had been abandoned together with their country ; and either they had adopted the rites of Home, or, as usually happens, enraged at their evil destiny, had re- nounced the worship of the gods. A festival lasting for nine days was instituted at the public expense by the Romans also, on account of the same prodigy, either m obedience to the heavenly injunction sent from the Alban mount (for that tradition is also given), or by the advice of the haruspices. At least it remained an established usage that whenever the same prodigy was announced,^ a festival of nine days sboi}lil be held. Not very long afterwards, they were afflicted^ with a pestilence ; and though from this there arose" an aversion to military service, still no respite from arms was granted by the warlike king, who believed that the bodies of the youths were even healthier when on service « than when at home, until he himself also was seized" by a lingering disease. fJevinco Sahvnus cum in magnus gloria magnusque opis regnum rex ac totus res Romanus sum, nuntio rex paterque in mons Albamis lapis pluo. Qui cum credo vix possiim, mitto ad is viso 2>rodiglum in conspectus hand aliter, quam cum grando ventus glomero in terra ago, crcber cado ccelum 1 518, II. 2 414. 3 422, 2. 7 518, I, 8 424, 2. 9 521, I. 4 388, 3. 5 520, II. 6 465, II., 2. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 53 lapis. Videor cHnm audio vox ingens ex superns cacumen lucus, utpatrius riim sacrum Albanns facio, qui vdut dem qnoqm simul aim patria reUnquo ohlivio do; et ant Bomanus mcmm mscipio ant fort una, ^itjio, ohiratns cultus rclinquo fieus. Bomanus qnoque ab idem prodigium novendialis sacrum publice suscipio, sen vox cedestis ex Albanus mons imtto {nam is qnoque trado), sen aruspex monitus. Maneo certe soUcmne, ut, quandoque idem prodigium nuntio, ferio' per novem dies ago. llaud ita mnltus post p>estHentia laboro. Unde cum pigritia milito orior, nullns tamen ab arma qmes do a bellicosus rex, saluhris etiom credo militia quam dornns juvcnis corpus sum, donee ipse quoque lonain- quus morbo implico. LXXIII. They then set out to the war against the Veieutians to which auxiharies liad flocked from all parts of Etruria roused not so much for the sake of the people of Veii as that they had come i to expect that the lloman state might be destroyed by internal dissension. And in the councils of all the tribes of Etruria the leading men kept asserting strongly that the lloman power was eternal, unless they were dis- tracted^ by seditions among themselves ; that this was the only poison, this the bane, found for powerful states to render great empires mortal. This evil, a long time retarded, partly by the wisdom of the senators, partly by the forbearance of the commons, had now reached its utmost height. 'I wo states had been formed from one : each party had its own magistrates, its own laws. Though at tirst they were wont to be turbulent when levies were held, still the same individuals liad })een obedient to their leaders in time of war : whatever was the condition of tlie city, if military discipline had been mamtainod, order might have been established; that now the custom of disobeying their magistrates followed the Koman soldier even to the camp. ]n the last war, on the very Held, in the very struggle, by the consent of the army, the victory was voluntarily surrendered to the vanquished ^qui • tlie standards were deserted; the general abandoned on the' neld ; that the army had returned to the camp without orders. Without doubt, if they persevered, Kome could l)t' conquered by her own soldiery, ^^othing else was necessary tiian to declare and make a show of war : the fates and the » 405, IL, 2. 2 531. "■si f ^1 1 \m n 1 r r i I , 54 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. gods would 01 themselves manage the rest. " This hope had armed the Etruscans, who had been in the many vicissitudea (of war) vanquished and victors in turns. Inde ad Veiens hellnm proficiscory quo nndi(jM£ ex Etruria auxilium convenio, non tarn Veiens gratia concito, quam quod in spes vcnio discordia intedinm dissolve res Romanus possum. Princepsque in omnis Etruria populus concilium, fremo '' (tternus opis sum Eomanus, nisi inter suimet ipse seditio scecio ; is unus venenum, is tabes civitac opulcntua reperio, ut magnus imperium mortalis sum. IHu sustento is malum partim pater consiliiim partim patientia plehs jam ad exterus venio. Duo civitas ex unus facio; suus quisque pars magistratus, suus lex .titm. Primum in dilectus svemo soleo, idem in helium tamen pareo dux, qualiscumque urbs .ttatm maneo disciplina militaris sisto possum; jam, non pareo magistratus mos in castra quoque Romanus miles sequi. Propior hdlum in ipse acies, in ipse certamen con- sensils exercitus trade ultro victoHa vinco jEqims, sigmim desero, imperator in acies relinquo, injussu in castra reditm. Profecto, si insto, suus miles vinco Roma possum. JSIihil alius opus sum quo.m indico ostendoque helium, cetera suus sponte fatum et deus gero. " Hie spes Etruscus armo multu& in vicis casus victus victorque. LXXIV. Immediately after the success of this most mischievous pre- cedent a levy is ordered ; and the tribunes being now overawed, the consuls carry out the matter without any opposition from them Then, indeed, the commons became enraged,^ more on account of the silence of the tribunes than at the power exercised by the consuls : and they said "that there was an end of their liberty. They had come back to the old state of matters. The tribunician power died, and was buried along with Genucius. Some means must be contrived and put in execution whereby resistance may b© offered to the patricians. This, however, was the only method ; that the commons should defend themselves since they had aid from. no other source. Twenty-four lictors attended on the con- suls, and these very men were from the commons. Nothing could be more despicable, nothing weaker, if there were only persons to despise them. Each one in his own case magnihed 1 545, 1. EXERCISES IN LATIN PftOSE. 55 these things and regarded them as dreadful." When they had stirred up one another's feelings by such words, a lictor was despatched to Volero, a man belonging to the commons, because he had stated' that he ought not to be a common soldier, since he had held a military command. Volero ap- peals to the tribunes. When no one came' to his aid, the consuls order the man to be stripped and the rods to be got ready. "I appeal to the ]>eoplc," said Volero, "since the tribunes had rather^ see a Roman citizen scourged with rods before their eyes, than themselves butchered by you in their own beds." The more vehemently he kept crying out, the more violently did the lictor tear off his clothes and strip him. Sub hie malus exemplum victoria dilectus edico ; paveoqite tribunus, sine intercessio ullus consul res perago. Turn vero irascor plebs tribunus magnopere silentium quam consul imperium, et dico " ago de libertas suus ; rursus ad antiquus reditus; cum Oenucius wna morior ac sepelio tribunicius potestas. Alius agito et cogito, quomodo resisto pater; is autem umis consilium sum, ut sui ipse plebs, quando alius nihil auxilium habeo, defendo. Quattuor et viginti lictor appareo consul, et is ipse plebs homo. Nihil contemptus, nihil infirmus, si sum qui contemno. Sui quisque is magnus atque horrendus facio." Hie vox alius alius cum incito, Volero, de plebs homo, quia, quod ordo duco, nego ad sui miles facio debeo, lictor mitto a consul. Volero appello tribunus. Quum auxilium nemo sum, consul spolio homo et virga expedio jubeo, "provoco" inqnam, " ad populum," Volero, ^^ quoniam tribunus civis Bomanus in conspectiu suus virga ccedo malo quam ipse in lectus suus a tu trucido." Quo ferociter clamito, eo infeste circumschido et spolio lictor. LXXV. Then the dictator, having sent criers through the streets, and having summoned the alarmed citizens to an assembly, began to chide them: "That they had allowed* their minds to be influenced by so slight changes of fortune, as that on meeting with a trifling loss, which itself was sustained not through the bravery of the enemy, nor the cowardice of the Roman army, but through the discord of the commanders, they now dreaded the Veientian enemy though six times vanquished, and Fidenae which had been almost oftener taken than attacked ; 520, II. a 518, II. « 520, I. <629, ■fife 56 EXEUriRKfl IN LATIN rUO.SE. that both the Konmiia and thu eiioinioH wcro the narno, an thoy had beon for ho iniiiiy ugoH ; that they rotainctl the Bainu cotiraKo tho nanui bodily HtrtJiij^tli, tlit^ Hanio arnm. He hiiiiMolf alno was the Haino dictator, wli(» Itad t'oriiu>rly dtifcati d thu arii)i(!H of tho VoicntiaiiH and KiiUiiialiaiiH, with tlio iulditional 8ii|>port of tho KaHsnaiis, at Noiiiciituni ; and lii.s master of tho horso wouhl bi;' tlu- Hanm in tlic licld, vvlm, as niihtary tribune in tho fornuir war had slain tho kiiiu of tho Voioidians in the sight of both armies, and broii^'ht tin; spolUt o/nniti into tho tom[>lti (»f .hipiter Feretriua. Wiiorefor*!, It!t them take up' arms, mindful that witli thcni were trium|iiis, witli tlicin spoiln, with them victory ; while with the tiuemy rested tin; guilt of murdcsring aml»;issadors c(tntrary to tlui law of nations, th(! massacre of colonists in time of peace, the infraction of truces, and a seventh unsuccessful rtivolt. As soon as thoy br(uight their camp near them, ho was fully oonlidcjit that the joy of thcsi; most impious enemies at tlu* disgrace of tho Roman army wouhl not be ctf long continuance ; and that the lloman people would be convinc»'d li(»;v' inu(!h better those Sersons deserved of the state, who bad nominated him to tho ictatorship for tho third time, than those who, in conse(pienoo of his aludishiug the desi)otism of tho conaorship, would cast a slur oil his aocoud dictatorship." Turn, trepldua emta>i ptuvro jH'r vlciiti dinutio dictator ad contiA) advoeo incirpo, quod aniinnfi e.c tarn levin momentum fortami mispendo (fero, ut pan')tii jaetiira accipio, qui ipse Hon virtus hostis nee iijnariu Uom.iiiuis cxereMiis sed dis- cordia imperator ae.eipio, Veiean hostis sexieiis viiico per- timesco Fidemiiipic prope sa;pe capio qiutm: oppmjno. Idem et liomanus e.t hostis sum., qui per tot sivcuium sum; idem animu^s, idem eorpwi vis, idem, armu (jero. Sul quoque idem dictator sum, qui autea Veieii'< Fideixi.'iqu.' nilju)i(jo Fali.'icus at Nom'iutmn exercitus fumio, et maqister eques idem in aeie.s sum,, qui prior t>:'num triJ>u.nu.^ mites rex Veiens iu, conspectus duo e.eercitus oeeido spolinm opimus Jupiter Feretriu^ templum iufero. I'roimie nuimor sui (yum triumph}(.-i, sui cum spolia, sui cuni victoria sum ; c(t»i hostis scelus l.cgatus contra jits- gens in^erjicio, aades iu jmlc, colonus, indutiit rumpo, septimits infelix defcctio, arrmi capio. Simnl castra eonjuujo, satis co)itido nee sceleratiis hostis diturnns ex ignomivia exercitus Eommus gaudinm. »um, et popidus Romanus intcUigo, quaiito bene de rvs puhlicus mereor, qui &ui dictator tertius dico, quam is qui ob eripio censura regnnm lobes secumius dictatura suvs impono. » 6«, 1-3. 2 529 & 530, II. KXKUCrSES IN LATIN PROSE. LXXVI 57 And when l)()tl» hiwl proouuiliMl', frco from any a|ti>r«lionBion, although unannnl, to a conHitUrahli! di»tanco from thtir fricniJH, till' young Konian, haviug the HuiH-rioiity in Htivngth, 8oi/,(!(l the tf.'Mv old man, hv.ioiv tliu t-yoH of all, and canic/l hun oil to hiH own IruiidH, although the EtruHcans inadu an inclU'ttual diHtuil.ancf. And « h. n ho, hoing led hcforo the tuunmandcr, wan attnwards sent to the senate at JN.me, on their iiHking him what that wah' whieh he had tcdd* them al.«»ut the All.an lake, he Haid : that "certainly the godH had been ineensed against the Veientian nation (tn the day when they liii.l prompted' him to diselose the ruin of hin (•(mntry whieh liad luen decreed l>y the fates. 'J'herefore, what he then propheHied umler the influonce of divine inspiration, he could not iM.w r(<;all so aa to render it unsaid ; aiitl jterhaim the guilt of imi.iety might he contracted in as high a degree, hy concealing what it was the will of the immortal gods slumld he published, as hy i.uhlishing what ought to he concealed. 1 hus, therefore, was it recorded hy traditi(m in the hooks of the fates, and in the Ktruscan doctrine, that whenever the Alhan water should rise to an unusual height, if the Romans should then let it out in a proper manner, victory would he grantelved to wait for the de2)uties jind rephes of the i)eli)hic oracle. Ciimqne pnxjraikir ambo a mivs lovfje inermiii sive vUns melus, pnn'alvns jiircniti Uomaviis sewx injirwm in compec- tm omnia rapio iict/iihlf/udm fmnnlfno EtruscuH adxnuti tramfera. Vm» cum pcrduro ml impmitor, hide Jx'oina ad miatm mitto] sciscko, ijiilvimn in .win. qui dc locus A llmmis dureo, respondeo prujecfo irntufi deus Veicu-s popu/un tile mm dies, qui mi is mnis ohjicio, nt cxcidiirm patria fatalis prudo. ltaroniu8, a great «iuanfcity of corn waa brought from SiciW, and tho (]ue9tioii was discuBsctl iu tho acnato at what rate| it should bo given"^ to tho cominous. Many were of tho opinion that the time had como for cheoking* the coininona, and for recovering* the rights wliich ha.l been wrung* from the patricians by seceaaion and violence. In particular, Marcius Coriolanus, a foe to tho tribunician power, says: "If they desire* the old rate, lot theiu restore to the patricians their former rights ; why, therefore, do 1, after being sent under the yoke, why, after being, aa it were, rescued from robbers, do I beh U\ plobian magiatratea, (and) Sicinius invested with power? am I to endure' these inaulta longer than is necessary? am I, when 1 have nt)t])utup with* king Tarquimus, to put up with Sicinius ? let him now secede ; let him call away tho commons. The road lies oj»en to the Sacred Mount and to the otlier hills ; lot them carry otV the corn from our lauds just as they did throe years ago. Let them benelit by that dearuess of provisions which they by their mad acts have caused. I venture to assert that, brought to aubnussion by these sufferings, they themselves will become tillers of the lands rather than prevent them from being tilled by taking up arms and seceding." It ia not so eaay to say* whether it should have been doiie,"» altlu^ugh 1 think it could have been brought about that the senators, on condition of lowering the price of corn, could have rid themselves of both the tribunician power and all the restraints imposed on them against their will. M. Minucim deinde ft A. Scmpronim conml magmts via frumetUum ex Sicilia adveho, aijUoqae in senatm, quantm plebs do. Multus venio lempus premo ptthn piito rccupcroqm jm, qui extorqtieo seccssio ac vin p(xter. In priniiin Marcius Coriolawm, hostis t,rihuniciu^ potcntiU, ''si annona" inqiiam '' vetus volo, jm prisiinns reddo pater. Cur ego picbdu.t ma(jlstra(uH, cur Sicinius potcnn video, sub juijum luifto, tnmquam ab latro redimo? Egone hie indignitas diu patior quam Mcei^se sum? Tarquinius rex qui non' /era. Sicinius fero ? Sccedo nunc, avoco plebs ; pateo via ir. Sacer Mons aUusque coUis. Rapio frutnentutn ex ager, qui ad modus tcrtius annus rapio. Fruor annonn, qui furor am(m facio. Audeo dico hie malum domo ipse potiu.i culfor agcr sum, quam ut armatus per secessio collis prohibeo." Haud' (am facilis dico sum, J'acioquc sum., quam possum arbifror Jhcio, v( conditio laxo annona et tribunicim potestas et omnis invitusjus impono pater demo sui. 1 402, III. *2, '->). «5t5. 6 631. • 508, 2. ' 486, II. » 562 &, 563, 1, !)• « 517, I. » 670. * 559 & 563, 1,»1). 10 5:^5 & 562. their EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. LXXVIII. 59 Cicero to I.igarius : Be aasure(l» that I am employing all my labour, (my) whole pains, care, and zeal, in procuiing your safety ; for, as 1 have always felt th« greatest attachment for voH, so the singular (ilial atfection and love of your brothers, for whom, as well as for yourself, 1 have always possessed the utmost esteem, never sufler me to neglect any opportunity of doing my duty and a service to you. 15ut what 1 am donig,''* or have (lone in your behalf, I would have you learn from their letters rather than from mine, liut as to what I h()[)o or believe and consider certain in regard to your safety, that I desire to tell vou. For if any man is^ timorous in groat and dangerous affairs, and always fearing the worst instead of hoping the best, I am he ; and, if this IS a fault, I confess that I am not free from it ; yet, on the 27th of November,* when, at the desire of your brother, I had comeS early to Ciosar, and gone through all the trouble and indignity of getting access* to, and of having an audience with, hiui ; when your brothers and relations had thrown themselves at his feet ..d I had stated what your cause and circumstaiu;e3 demanded ; not only from the discourse of Caesar, which was uiihl and generous, hut f;om his eyes and looks and many o or signs besides, which I could better observe than describe, T came away with this idea, that there was no doubt in my mind of your safety ; wherefore see'' that you be of good courage and stout heart ; and as you have borne the most perplexed state of matters wisely, bear this caJmer one cheerfully. I, however, shall take part in your affairs, as if there were the greatest difficulty in them, and I shall most gladly 8upi)licate in your behalf, as I have hitherto done, not only C-esar, but even all his frienda, whom I have ever found moat affectionate to me. Adieu. Cicero Ligarius. Ego scio omnis mem labor, omnis opera, cura, studium in turn salus consumo: nam quum tu semper * 708, III., 2, 3, 4, & 710, II. 6 sis, H. » C37, I. « 525, I, a aog. • b(r> & 563, 1. T 535, i, i), NOTK.-Tho Romans began their letters with the nddress, givinR first the name of the wntir, ami then the name of the j.erson to whom the letter was sent. We otten find, besides, abbreviations, such as 8. or S. D or 8. I. I),, which mean respectively Salutem, Sal-ukm ,Hcit, or Salutc7>i piunniam (iicii= " Greeting," or -'Gives a hearty Kieeting." If either party held any civil or nVilUary office," iTwis'uMml t(V express it thus" '. liullus, tnh. pi. X. vir. Pompeio, consult = " P. 8ervius Rulliis" ♦ ..'iK,,,,'!' i":;""' ' > •'. ^ i'./i.//r../, i,un;>Mn= I', oervius K111IU8. tribune of the commons, one of tiie decemviri to I'ompey the consul" Wlien the person addressed was an intimate friend, such epithets as hv- ma.nuiswi'us optimus, miavimmus, or frequently snus, wore added Some- rf. 1 ' •*. ■ ; ^- ^- Y-' *' "^^'^^- Oaudeo, ego valeo. The latter ended gen- erally with vale, sometimes with ave or taive. The date and place were frequently placed at the end. ^ 60 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. magnnpere diligo, turn /rater tuus, qui ceque atqiie tu superus benevolentia complector, singularis jn^tas amorque fraternus nullus ego patior officium erga tu studiumque munus aut tempus prcBtermUto. Sed qui facio facioque pro tu ex ille tu littcrce quarii ex nicus malo cognosco, Quis aiUem sjyero aut confido et exploro haheo de salus tuus, is tu a ego declare volo. Nam si quisquam sum timidus in magiius periculosusque res semperque magnopere adversus res exitus metuo quam spero secundus, is ego sum, et si hie vitium sum, is ego non careo confiteor. Ego idem tamen quum a. d. V. Kal. intercalaris prior rogatus /rater tuus venio mane ad Ccesar atque omnis adeo et convenio ille indignitas et molestia per/ero, quuvi /rater et propinquus suus/acio ad pes et ego loquor, qui causa, qui tuus tempus pos- tula, non solum ex oratio Ccesar, qui sane mollis et liheralis sum, sed etiam ex ocidus et vultus, ex multus prceterea signum, qui /acile perspicio possum quam scribo, Mc opinio discedo, ut ego tuus salus duhius non sum. Qui ob res facio animus mag- nus fortisque sum, et, si turbidus saplenter /ero, tranquillus l*4 4.'U XT 1 625, 1. 6 535, 1. 1). e 708, III., 1-4 & 710, II. 8 493, 2. *625. « 520, II. 62 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. rest of the horse. If only ordinary good luck for the republic aid* us, we shall here put an end to the audacity of the desperate, and to all our trouble. But if the robber, upon hearing of my arrival, begin^ to return again to Italy, it will be Brutus's part to meet him there, and in his case I know neither wisdom nor courage will be wanting. Still, should this happen,* I shall send my brother with the cavalry to follow and to preserve Italy from being ravaged by him. Take'^ care of your health,' and love me as 1 do you. Plancus Cicero : Qui res ego cognosco cunctor nan ; in cursm bonus consilium Lepidus adjuvo puto. Adventus mens quia proficio video, vel quod equitatus meus persequor atque opprimo equitatus Antoniue possum vel quod exercitus Lepidus is pars, qui corruptus sum et ab res publicus alienatus, et corrigo et coerceo prcesentia meus exercitus possum. Itaque in Isara, Jlumen magnus, qui in fines Allohrox, pons unus dies facto, exercitus a.d. IV. Idus Mains traduco. Quum vero egonuntio L. Antonius prcemitto cum eques et cohors ad Forum Julii venio, f rater cum eques quatuor milk, ut occur o is, mitto a.d. V. Idus Maius ; ipse magnum iter cum quattuor leglo expeditus et reliquus equitatus subsequor. Si ego mediocris modofortuna res publica adjuvo, et audacia perditvn et noster solUcitudo hie finis reperio. Qux)d si latro prcecognosco noster adventus rursus in Italia sui recipio ccepi, Brutus sum officium occurro is ; qui scio nee con- silium nee animus desum. Ego tamen, si is accido, frater cum, equitatus mitto qui sequor, Italia a yastatio defendo. Facio, valeo, egoque mtUuo diligo. LXXXI. On the third day after, when I was intending* to set out from Athens, his friend, Publius Postumius, came to me about the tenth hour of the night, and informed me that Marcus Marcellus, my colleague, after supper time had been stabbed with a dagger by Publius Magius Chilo, his friend, and had received two wounds, one in his stomach, the other in his head near the ear ; still he expected that he might possibly live ; that Magius after this killed himself ; that he had been sent by Marcellus to me to bring * this news, and to request me to bring physicians to him. I brought some together, and I instantly set out thither at daybreak. But when I was not far distant from the Piraeus, Acidinus's boy met me with a note, which contained the news that Marcellus died a little before day. Thus a most distinguished man was murdered in the foulest manner by a most despicable villain ; 1 608 & 473, 1. « 635, 1, 1). » 493, 2. « 618, II. * 500. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 63 and he, whom hia enemies had spared on account of his dignity, was found the friend of him who caused his death I went forward, however, to his tent. I found two freedmen and a few slaves ; they said that the rest had fled terror- stricken, because their master had been slain' in front of their tent. I was forced to carry back his body to the city m that same litter in which I was brought, and by my own servants, and there I took care that his burial rites should ^ PfJ^fo^^e*! aP magnificently as the means at our disposal at Athens would permit. 1 was unable to obtain from the Athenians my request to grant =^ him a burial place within the city, since (they alleged) they were hindered by their rdigious scruples, and they had granted this to no one before They allowed us, what was most desirable in the next place, to bury 3 him in the grounds of whichever of their public schools we wished.* I chose a spot— the school of the academy, the most celebrated in the universe— and there I burnt him ; and I afterwards gave orders that the Athenians should provide a marble monument for him in the same place. Thus I have faithfully performed to him both living and dead every duty which our partnership in office and my relationship required Adieu. The thirty-first of May. Athens. Post dies tertius is dies, quum ad Athence proficiscor in animua haheo, circikr hora decimus nox, P. Poatumius, familiaris u, ad ego vemo, et ego mmtio M. Marcellus, collega noster, post coena tempus a P. Magius Chilo, familiaris is, pugio percutio et duoyulnus accipio, unus in stomachus, alter in caput secundum auris, spero tanien is vivo possum ; Magius sui ipse interjicio postea ; sui a Marcellus ad ego mitto qui hie nuntio et rogo, uti medicus cogo. Oogo et e vestigium eo proficiscor prior lux. Quum non longe a Pirceus absum, piier Acidinus obviam ego vemo cum codicillus, in qui scribo, paidlo ante lux Marcellus dm sutis obeo. _ Ita vir clarus ab homo deterior acerbus mors afficio, et, qui inimicus propter dignitas parco, invenio amicus qui is mors offero. Ego tamen ad tabernaculum is pergo. Invento duo libertus etpauculus servus ; reliquus aio profiigio metuaperterreo, quod dominns is ante tabernaculum interficio. Cogo in idem ille lectica, qui ipse defero, meusque lecticarius in urbsts refero, ibique pro is copia, qui Athence sum f unus is satis amplusfacio euro. Ab Atheniensis, locus sepultura intra urbs ut do, impetro non possum, quod relligio se impedio dico, neque tamen ts antea quisquam concedo. Qui propior sum, uti in qui volo gymnasium is sepelio, ego permitto. Ego in nobilis orbis terra gymnasium Academia locus deligo ibique is comburo, posteaque euro, ut idem Atheniensis in idem locuo monumentum *« marmoreus facio loco. Ita, qui noster oMcium sum, pro collegium et propinquitas et vivus et mortuus omnia is prcBsto. Valeo. 7), jir vlin. A si 1 620, II. m S>1 * 492. 2. » 493, 2. 4 626. II'" I 1 1 { 1 PASS PAPERS IN LATIN PROSE OF TJIE UNIYEESITY OF TORONTO. ALL THE YEARS : 1864. I have assisted your commanders with naval forces, so that not one of your allies can equal me : I have furnished sup- plies by land and by sea : I have l)een present at all the naval battles that have taken place : I have nowhere spared my labor, or my yisk. I have suffered that which is most wretched in war, a siege, having been shut in at Pergamus with the utmost danger at once of my life and of my king- dom. Aftcrwar-lp, liaving been freed from the siege, I met your consul with my whole fleet at the Hellespont, that I might assist him in getting his army over. After your army had crossed into Asia, I never departed from the consul ; no Roman soldier was more regular in your camp than I and my brother. No expedition, no cavalry engagement took place without me. Navalis copia, lU nemo vester ^ocuis ego cequiparo possum, imperator vaster adjuvo ; commeatus terra mareque suppedito ; navalis pndium, qui jio, omnis adsum ; nee labor mens, mc periculum usquam parco. Qui miser sum in helium, obsidio patior, Pergamus includo cum discrimen uUra slmul vita reg- numque. Libero deinde obsidio, totus classic ad Hellespontns consul vester occurro, nt is in trajicio exercitus adjuvo ; post- quain in Asia exercitus vester transgredior, nunquam a consul abscedo : nemo miles liomanus magis assiduns in castra vester sum, quam ego fraterque mens. Nullus expeditio, nullus eques- tris prmlium sine ego Jio. JUNIOR MATRICULATION: 1864. When Xcnophon was performing a customary sacrifice, he learned that the elder^ of his two sons, by name Gryllus, had fallen in battle at Mantinea ; nor did he think that the com- menced worship of the gods should be stopped on that account, but he was satisfied merely to lay down the crown. Having enquired in what manner he had. fallen, when he EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 65 ALL THE YEARS : 1865. When +he consul had demanded from the senafo * fr,-„rv, u uLT^"'/^ *^^^ -^Wevements; rXer from reSr^^^^^^ 06 Aicce res gero consul quum triumphus ah Hmafv<^ -m«a caum magis quam spes impetro, peto videoZ, ^.^ ' J xnEtrnna trameo, partim suns inimicus, partim coUeaaS^ tnumphm mgo, non ita, inquam, ''Pater cZcHbo^^^T.l majestas menuni, ut ego consul sum obliviscor ia7m)ZZ penum, qmbellum gero, helium feliciter gero, 8amdumnZL> Etruna suhigo, victoria etpaxpario, triumpho » '^^'''^ «'?«^ JUNIOR MATRICULATION : 1865. Hanno was the commander of the Carthariniana h„f fV,n^ placed their whole dependence on Mutines 3?Sum diS^ He, roammgjhrough all Sicily, carried os'^:^{:T^^''^'; cenJurK"'/'^""*"'' ^^^ *^«^^d ^°* be shut outlrom A^ri- geatum by force or any art, nor prevented fromTally^g " ■1 if ir:i u,^ ! ! 11 ( 1 63 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. forth, whenever be wished. This reputation of his, because it was now obscuring the fame even of the commander, finally turned to envy, so that not even successful actions now were sufficiently agreeable to Hanno on account of the author, on account of which things he finally gave the command to his own son. Hanno sum imperator Carthaginienm, aed omnia in Mutines Numidaque apes repono habeo. Per toius Sicilia vagus prceda ago ex socius Romanus ; neque intercludo ah Agrigentum vis aut ars ullus, nee, quin erumpo, uhi volo, prohibeo possum. Hie is gloria, quia jam imperator quoque fama officio, postremo in invidia verto ; ut ne bene gero quidem res jam Hanno propter auetor satif Icetus sum, propter qui postremo prcefectura isfilius suus do. , ALL THE YEARS : 1866. Both consuls proceed to the province, and because they are successful there, a thanksgiving for one day was decreed. About two thousand Spaniards came to the boundary of the province, where Sabinus was encamped, praying that they might be received. Sabinus, having ordered the Spaniards to wait in the same place, consulted the senate by letter. The senate ordered the prastor to write in reply to Sabinus : that it was more reasonable that the consuls, whose province it was, should decide what was to be the advantage to the republic. Accordingly the consuls received them, and they, having given hostages, surrendered. After the army retired, forgetting the hostages, they began again to collect their forces. Goitsul ambo in provincia proficiscor, et quia prospere ibires gero, supplieatio in unus dies decerno. Hispanus duo millefere^ ad extremus fines provincia, ubi castra Sabinus habeo, venio, uti reeipio, oro. Sabinus, opperior idem locus Hispanus jubeo, senatus per litterae consulo. Senatus rescribo prcetor Sabinus jubto ; verus sum, consul, qui provincia sum, quam sui, quia e reapublica sum, decerno. Itaque consul is reeipio, atque ille, obses do, sui dedo ; postquam exerciius recedo, obliviscor obsea, rursus copice cogo ccepi. JUNIOR MATRICULATION : 1866. There was a marsh of inconsiderable extent between our army and that of the enemy. The enemy were waiting to gge if oij-p fnrofis should cross this t but our men were ready under arms to attack them in disorder if they should begiu EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 67 . because jr, finally low were iithor, on ad to his n Mutines ms prcBda mtum vis um. Hie >stremo in 10 propter •a isfiliu8 e they are 1 decreed. iry of the that they Si^aniards by letter. Sabinus : B province ige to the and they, ly retired, ilect their oere ihi res > milk fere ), venio, uti nus jubeo, or Sabinus sni, quia e atque ille, iscor obsea, itween our waiting to v^ere ready ould begin to cross. Meanwhile a cavalry engagement took nlace hfl- tween the two lines When ne^ithe? fide mLe rcoSn^: ment o crossing, the battle of the cavalry proving more favourable to our men C^a^sar withdrew his troops iL the camp Presently the foe marched from that position to our cTmn Th"' ""l"'^'-' "%'• '"'"^ b^^«^«' ^^« t» ^he rear of the camp Ihere, having discovered the fords, they attemoted BiVle of'T' ^"'VJ ft ^""'''^ ^'*h *^« inte/tion 7P Bible, of storming the fort commanded by Quintus Titurius and cu ting down the bridge ; or, if they could not accompTsh this of devastating the lields of the Remi (who were of mz^mm^ra».eo> «^ impeditus aggredior, paratnsLarZ mm Interim prcBhum equestris inter duo acies contendo. Ubi neuter transeo vaitium facio, secundus. Eques pr ^^'^ ^^«* "^^'^t^ «f ^y consul- ship, at the throat of the city, from the wicked hands of conspirators ; 1 seized, produced, put out the torches already kindled h>r the burnmg of tliis city. This most distinguished Sn^'^fW^'"'"'' ^^'''' '^"^"° r^' y«"' «^'*l' in their Hearing, that a civic crown was owed to me by the republic. o./^'' 7^" ^"^^/'«« ^"^^^^^ senatus, interitus urbs, non obscure sed palam moUor, egredior ,:r urbs jubeo, ut, a qui lex non ^ZZl '"""'''' ^" •"' 'T ^"'''''^- ^'■"' ^'^""'' ^^^'-'"^"^ ^rtensis consulatus mens, mtendo jufjulutn civitas, de conjuro nefarius manus extorqueo. Er,o fax jam accendo ad hie Jrbs incSm SZ7o ? ;///'''^ ''•^*ropteT >UH tardus mayiater ) been in e Hiathe- ! that his 3 that of )? What 3hanea to we say of of Demo- bries were ig? And worthy of ) say that kI for the band that 3 mind is y ideas of Jge, even ?, qui dum pio sentio ? musicuK ? ' Qtiis de I qui prop- US ? Quis imo, atgne udium qui bis, quod, '.ia etiamsi ALL THE YEARS : 1870. Wo call gods and men to witness, general, that we have neither taken np arms against our country, nor to endanger any individual, but to preserve our persons secure from mjury. Wretched and neepi oppugno, ab Himilco, proefectus Hannibal, •expugno Multus sanguis ac vulnus is Pcenus victoria sto. Deinde Pcenus ad Consentia cojnce traduco, qui minus pertina- citer defendo, intra pauci dies wi deditio accipio. Idem ferme dies et Brutii exercitus Crotone, Grcecus urbs, cireumsedeo, opulentiis quondam arma virqiie, turn jam adeo multus magnus- que clades affligo, ut omnis wias minus viginti mille civis supersum. JUNIOR MATRICULATION : 1871. The authority of the ancients has more weight with me. Either that of our own ancestors, who paid such sacred honors to the dead, which surely they would not have done if they thought these honors did in no way aflfect them ; or that of those who once lived in this country, and Magna Graecia, whioh is nov/ indeed destroyed but then was flourishin'^ enlightened by their institutions and instructions ; or of EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSS. 73 him who was pronounced by the oracle of Apollo to be the wisest of men, who did not first say one thing and then another, as is generally done, but always the same : namely, 5.nn.f /f"l '^v^'i'''"^ '^^"^^' ^^ *^** ^hen they have departed from the body a return to heaven is opened to them and the speediest to the most virtuous and just. MuUum apudego antiquus aucioritas valeo, velnoster majores f^rao^iuus tarn religiosusjus tribuo ; quod non facio profecto, sx nihil ad IS pertmeo arbUror ; vel is, qui in hie terra su7n Magnusque Grcecia, qui nunc quidem deleo ; tunc floreo, ZtL tutum et prcBceptmn suus erudio ; vel is, qui Apollo oraculum sapiens sumjudico ; qui non turn hie, turn ilk, ut in plerique, sed ex^ditul '" ''"''' ^''^'''' ^onusqu^e et Justus quisque or o£ ALL THE YEARS : 1872. rpW.!l ^?Tr fortifications were, as has been previously related, at three points, all of which simultaneously and with the greatest violence the ^tolians attacked. They advanced, some with burning torches, others bringing tow and pitch and fire-darts their whole line blazing with flame. At the hrst onslaught they overpowered many of the guards ; then, after the shouting and commotion reached the camp, and the signal was given by the consul, they seize their arms and rush out of all the gates to lend assistance. At one point the engagement was carried on with fire and sword. There in difierent quarters, the two generals were cheering on the combatants and retaining them by the almost certain prospect that Nicander would soon arrive, according to arrangement, and attack the enemy's rear. After they received, hSwever no signal from their friends, and perceived that the number of the enemy was increasing, they were driven flying into the city, part of their fortification having been set on fire, and about ten thousand men were slain. Tres locus, sicut ante dico, opus Homanus sum : qui omnis simul superusqne vis Mtolus aggredior. A lius cum ardeo fax, alms stuppa pixque et malleolus fero, totus collnceo flammk acies, advenio. Multus primus impetus custos opprimo. Deinde postquam clamor tumultusque in castra perfero doqne a consul signum, arma capio, et omnis porta ad opis 'fero effwndo Unus locus ferrum ignlsque gero res. Ibi diversus pars duo dux pvqno honor et prope certusfoveo spes, jam meander compono adsum tergum hostis mvado. Ceterum postquam nullns Lvm. a -««?/. accipto el cresco numeriis hostis cerno, fugio in urbs compeUo, para opus mcendo et ad duo milk homo interficio. 74 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. JUNIOR MATRICULATION : 1872. But, with regard to the overthrowing and spoiling of cities, it ia to be gravely considered that nothing is done in a cruel manner, and that it is the part of a great man, when circum- stances are disturbed, to punish the guilty, to preserve the multitude, to retain in every fortune things right and honour- able. For as there are those who, as I have already men- tioned, prefer warlike things ^ to refined things, so may you find many to whom dangerous and crafty counsels seem both more splendid and greater than thoughtful (counsels). Never in flight from danger is the mistake to be committed that we seem unwarlike and cowardly ; but that also must be avoided that we do not present ourselves to dangers without cause, than which nothing can be more foolish. Wherefore in approaching dangers the custom of medical men must be imitated who cure by simple means those who are slightly ill, but are compelled to apply to more dangerous diseases dangerous and doubtful remedies. Therefore we ought to be more ready with regard to our own dangers than with regard to dangers of common importance, and to contend with greater preparation for honor and glory than for other advantages. De everto autem diripioqiie urbs valde considero sum ne quis crudeliter, isque sum vir magnus, res agito, punio sons, multi- tudo conservo, in omnis fortuna rectus atque honestus retineo. Ut enim sum, quemadmodum supra dico, qui urhanus res bellicus antepono ; sic reperio multus qui periculosus et eallidus consilium quietus et cogitatus et splendidiis et magnus video. Nunquam periculum fuga commitio sum, ut imbellis timidusque video ; sed fugio etiam ille, ne offero periculum sine causa qui nihil possum esse stultus. Quapropter in adc.o periculum con- suetude imitor medicus sum qui leviter oegroto leniter euro ; gravis autem morbus periculosus curatio et anceps adhiheo cogo. Promplus igitur debeo sum ad noster pericrdum quam ad commzmis dimicoque paratus honor et gloria quam de cetera commodus. ■ tl ALL THE YEARS : 1873. I could wish that the immortal gods had caused us to return thanks for the hving Sulpicius, rather than seek honor for the dead. Nor do I doubt that, if that man could have been able to give an account of his embassy, his return would both be grateful to you and healthful for the state ; not that L. Philippus and L. Piso have been wanting either in zeal or attention iii so importaut a duty and so great a service ; but, ainco Sulpicius excelled them in age, (excelled) all ia >; m, EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 75 wisdom, he, having been suddenly removed from the business, has left the entire embassy destitute and weakened. Others who have died during their embassy set out without any fear of death ; Sulpicius set out with some hope of coming to M Antony, with no hope of returning. He did not hesitate even with his last breath to try if he could bring any assistance to the state But when he perceived that he would be unUke himself if he dia not obey your authority, but, that if he obeyed, that service undertaken by him for the state M'ould be the end of his life : he chosdj during a very great crisis, to die rather than appear to have done less good to the state than he was able. Volo dens immortalisfacio ut vivus potius Sulpicius gratice ago qiiam honor mortuus qncero. Nee dubito quin, si ille vir leqaiio renuntio 2)ossum, reditits is et tu gratus sum et res publicus salutaris, non quo L. Phllippus et L. Piso md studlum aut cura desum iti tantus ojftcium tantnsque mumis, sed quum buipiaus cetas ille anteeo, sapientia omnis, sidnto er^^no e causa totus legatio orhus et dehiUtatns relinquo. Cetera qui in legatio mors obeo, sine ullus mors metus proficiscor, Sulpicius cum ahqms pervenio adM. Antonius spes proficiscor, nullns reverter non recuso quo parum vel extervs spiritus si qui oj^is res pnhlicwt fero possum experior. At ille quum video si vester auctoritas nonpareo, dissumhs sum sui ; sin pareo, munus sui ille pro res publicus suscipio vita finis forem, malo in magnus discrimen emorior, qiiam parum quam possum video res publicus prosum JUNIOR MATRICULATION: 1873. But what you assumed, as by a law of your own, in the last part of your speech, that an orator is able to speak very fluently in the discussion of every subject, we should not have tolerated, if we were not here in your domain. We would head many who would either contend with you by an inter- dict, or summon you to contend with them at law, because you had so rashly invaded the possessions of others. For, m the lirst place, all the Pythagoreans would institute a suit against you ; men who are elegant and powerful speakers, with whom you could not contend on equal terms. Bands of philosophers would assail you besides, even down from So- crates, the illustrious fountain and head, and convince you that you had learned nothing about the good things, nothing about the evil (things) in life, nothing about the passio' ^ of the mind, nr.hing about the names of men, nothing about the proper course of life. When tliey had made an attack on you altogether, then separate sects would bring an action h! U • :% I !! 76 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. against you. The Academy would be urgent to compel ye to deny what ever you might have asserted. Qui vero in extents oratio quasi tuus jus sumo, orator in omnis sermo disputatio coplose possum versor, is nisi hie in tuua regnum sum, non fero. Multus prcesnm qui ant interdiclum tu cum contendo aut tu ex jus manus consero voco, quod in aliemis possessio tarn temere irruo. Ago enim in cum lex primxim Pythagoreus omnis, ornatus homo in dico et gravis, quicum in Justus sacramentum contendo no% licet. Urgeo prceterea philoso- phus grexjam ah illefofis et caput Socrates, et nihil tu de bonus res in vita, nihil de mains, nihil de animus permotio, nihil de homo mos, nihil de ratio vita disco. Quum universus in tu impetus facio. turn singulis familia lis tu intendo. Insto Academia, qui quisqu'.s dico, is tu ipse nego cogo. ALL THE '/EARS : 1874. When the Athenians were utterly powerless to withstand the invasion of the Persians, and were deciding to take to their ships, and do battle for the liberty of Greece with the fleet, (having previously left the city, and placed their wives and children under charge at Trtezen), they stoned to death one Cyrsilus, who advised them to remain in the city and admit Xerxes. Now, he appeared to be consulting expedi- ency ; but this was of no account when honour forbade. Themistocles, after the successful issue of that war with the Persians, said, before the assembly, that he had a project advantageous to the state, but that it must not be known. He asked the people to give him a person to whom he might impart it. Aristides was given. To him Themistocles said, that the fleet of the Lacedaemonians, which had been drawn up on shore at Gytheum, could be secretlj'^ set on fire ; that by this means the power of tiie Lacedaemonians must needs be destroyed. Aristides, upon hearing this, came before the assembly, that was eagerly a waiting him, and said, that the scheme which Themistocles recommended was very advan- tageous, but extremely dishonorable. Atheniensis quum Persae impetus nullus modus possum sus- tineo, statuoque, ut, urbs relinquo, cotiiux et liheri Troezen depono, navis conscendo, libertasque Grcecia classis defendo, Cyrsilus quidam suadeo ut in urbs maneo Xprxeeque recipio, lapis coopcrio. Jitque ille utiUtas sequor video; sed is nullus sum, repugno honestas. Themistocles post victoria is helium qui cum Persae sum, dico in concio, sui haheo consilium respub- lica salutaris, sed is scio von opus smr, ; postido "dt aliqxds populus do qui cum eommunico. Do Aristides. Hie ille, clcusis EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE, 77 LoA^momm qm suhdnco ad Gytheim, clam incendo possum: qui facto frango Laceda^monim opis necesse sum. Qui Aristides quum audio, m concio magnus expectatio venio dicoque pemtiUs mm cmmlium qui rhemistocles affero, eed parum honestua. JUNIOR MATRICULATION : 1874. For my part, I, a youth, was as fond of old Quintus Maxi- mus (the one who recovered Tarentum), as if he had been of my own age For m that man dignity was tempered with courtesy and his years had not changed his manners, al- though I began to seek his friendship when he was, not a very old man, but still already well advanced in life. For the year after I was born he was consul for the first time • and in his fourth consulship, I. a youthful soldier, went ^th him to Capua, and, live years afterwards, to Tarentum Ihon, tour years after, I became quaestor, an office which I held in the consulship of Tuditanus and Cethegus. Truly with what vigilance, with what prudence did he recover Tarentum! On which occasion, when Salinator (who had fled into the citadel upon the loss of the town) was boasting m my hearing, and saying : ' ' You regained Tarentum through me, Fabms." " Undoubtedly," he replied to him, laughinl • ot lost it, I had never regained it." ' '•for, had you not Ego Q. Maximus, is qui Tarentum recipio, adolescens ita diligo senex, ut cBquahs. Sum enim in Ilk vir comitas condio gravitas, nee senectus mos muto; quamquamis colo coepi non admodum grandts ncitus, sed tamenjam cetas proveho. Annus emm post consul primum sum, quam ego nascor; cumque is quartum. comul adolescentulus miles Capua proficiscor quintus- que annus post Tarentum. Qumstor deinde quadriennium post jio; qui magistratus gp.ro consul Tuditanus et Cethequs. Ta- rentum vero qui vigilantia, qui consilium recipio ! Quum quidem ego audio, Salinator, qui, amiito oppidum, fugio in arx qlorior atque ita dico : Mens opera, Q. Fabius, Tarentum recipio: Lerte, tnquam, rideo, nam nisi tu amitto, nunquam recipio ALL THE YEAR: 1875. Let this, therefore, be laid down as the first law of friend- ship, that we seek honorable things from our friends, and that we do honorable things for the sake of our friends Let us not even wait until we are asked Lp>. ■^«ol u^ oiw»«„ ready, and let delay be absent. Let us rejoice to give advice treely. Above all, in friendship, let the authority of friends, '(I 78 EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. ■who are giving good advice, have weight ; and let it (the authority) be applied both to advising not only openly but sharply, if the affair will demand (such a thing) ; and let it be obeyed when it is applied. For I am of opinion, that certain wonderful things gave pleasure to certain persons who, I hear, were reckoned wise men in Greece, — that ex- cessive friendships are to be avoided ; that everyone has enough, and more than enough of his own affairs, and that it is troublesome to be too much involved in the affairs of others. Hie igitur primus lex amicitia sancio, ut ah amicus lioneatus peto, et amic.m causa honestus facio. Ne exspecto quidem dum rogo. Stadium semper adsmn, et cunctatio absum. Const- Hum do gaudeo libere. Plurimum in amicitia amicus bene suadeo vale.o auctoritas, isque et adiil>-'o ad moneo non modo aperte, sed etiam acriter, si res postulo, et adhibitus pareo. Nam quidam, qui audio sapiens habitus in Grce.cia, placeo opinor mirabiiis quidam, fugio sum nimius aminfhi, satis superque sum suns quisque res, et alienm nimis impUco molestus sum. lU' 11 i i-i JUNIOR MATRICULATION : 1875. This is the language of the people ; mine indeed, Laterensis, this: "That the jury ought not to enquire why you have been beaten, provided that you have not been beaten by bribery. For if, as often as a man shall have been passed over, who ought not to have been passed over, so often it shall behoove him, who shall have been elected, to be con- demned ; tliere is no longer any reason why the people should be appealed to, no reason why the distribution of tickets and the returning of votes, should be awaited. At once, when I see who have announced themselves (as candidates), I shall say : ' This man is of consular' family, that man of prae- torian ; the remaining candidates, I see, are from the eques- trian order ; they are all without stain, they are all equally good and ui)right men ; but degrees of rank must needs be observed ! let the praetorian class give way to the consular, nor let the equestrian position vie with the praetorian. ' " Hie populus oratio sum ; meus vero, Laterensis, hie : Quare vineo non debeo judex quoero, modo ne largitio vinco. Nam si, quotiescumque p7'cetereo is qui non debeo prcetereo, totie.s oportei is quifacio condemno, nihil jam sum qui populus supplico, nihil qui diribitio, nihil qui renuntiatio suffragium erpecto ; simul ut qui prqfiteor video, dico : Hie familia consularii sum, ille prcB- torius: reliqui video sum ex equestris locus: ■■mm omnia sine macula, sum- omnis ceque bonus vir atque integer : sed servo necesse sum gradus ; cedo consularis genus prcetorius, nee con- tendo cum prcetorius equester locus. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 79 ALL THE YEARS : 1876. fl«5[ *^^^ u'"^ M*^^ ^^? ^^«" J"^^«etween us is ont, as it were, of a more hallowed kind of triendshii,, namely, that he is a most intimate friend of our .AtticuH and respects and loves him above all other men. .NOW, iM,y chance you have already become acquainted with inm, I tiiink that 1 am too late in doing what I now do For he VI I man of such jioliteness and courtesy that 1 think he las aireaily been rec()niinen(le(l to you on liis own account. I ut still. ,f this be so, 1 urgently l)eg of you that, if you have shown any inclination towards him before this letter of mine. there may afterwards accrue to it as great an accumulation as possible, through my recommendation. M.' (■iiriu.s, qui Patrae najotior, mnltus el maqnus dc causa 11 e,jo iiilKjo. JSfam el amicitia per vet us eqo cum is sum, ut pnmuni m forum venio, instUutiis ; et Patrae quum aliquoties 'iiiteii, turn proxime hie miser helium domus is totus eqo pateo • qiu si opus sum,, lam utor, qxiam me us. Maqnus dutem eqo vmculum cum is sum quasi sanctus quidem neces.ntudo, quod sum Atticus noster familiaris usque unus pneter ca>teri oh.servo nc (U/i,,o. Qui .si tu jam forte coqnosco, puto ego hie, qui f ado, jncio .sero. Is sum enim humanita.^ et observantia, ut is tujam ipse per .sm commendo puto. Qui tamen .si ita sum maijnopere a tu quw.so, ut ad is voluntas, si qui in ille ante hie mens litterm con/ero, qwtm magnus postea cormnendaiio cumulus accede flA 82 KXKUCMHKH IN LATIN PROSK. S?:NI0R matriculation &SlJ?PLEMi:XTAL: )877. When the qusestor was selling the Africans, xi kai-ning that a well-grown buy among them of remarkable beauty, was of royal family, lie sent him to Scipio. When Scipio (piesti(meil him, "who he was, of what eountry, an.l why, at that age, he had been in the camp?" the boy answered, "that he was a Numidian, that his conntrynicn calleod ! C.oiusCV.rnelins, but take care that you \w tiiiH'ly Wiuiiiiii; to liis coUi'av'Ur tliiit lu: liad (Urvote.l hiiurtclf on luilialt of tin anny. Ili^ Imiisc'lt, ginlcl with the ('iuctUH (lal>iiiUH, fully anuotl. luounted ins hors*; and j)lui);j;oil into tin; iiiid.st oi' tin; riu iny ; a luark for tin' guzo of citluir host, far more niiijoHtic in ii|tiicanuu'c' than a man, sent, m it wero, from heaven a^ a propitiation ot all th«' thu wrath of th»' !,'ods, to avert destruction from Ins country- men anil to (• irrv it a,'.iiiist tU>'ir enemies. Thus all torror iUid panic home "alon;^ with him. tlir.w th.in into confiMioti. tirst the van of the Latins, and Mu'u penetrated the heart oi their host. This was very manifest, that wherever he ehar^j.'d. there the enemy, as if smitten l)y a lialeful star, w>ro s -i/ 'd with panic : Imt, imleed. when he fell overwhelmed with darts, immeiliateiv from that sp(»t the cohorts of the Latins, iinmistikeahlv dismav-.-d. spread tli^dit and havoc far am wide. At the s.\me time tin' li(Mnans. their mmds relieved from religious fears, rushing on together, as if then for the tirat time the signal had heen given. Iieg.ui the l.attle afresh. Hie Ha precor Uctor co ml T. Mdnlhis jiilx'o, >iiatiim/u<' col- lega mi (leroreo pro pxercitm nuntio. Ipxc iuc'nujo (Uncim Gabinan anno i» (-(juit-s iimlio, ar sid in nndiuK liostis inimilto ; ronspicio ab utcrqiie acicn alt'/uanfo *^(/f/;^^■/!«.'« humanus rixiis Hind ('(dam mitto piacid'im oinui.t (Icii,^ iva, (pii pcntia alt suu,^ airrfo in Av.s'Z/.s t'cro : Ha onmis terror pamr(pie cum ilk fero ,l>-u.s is .s'/n«, '/luxl * inndio, ihi hand srcut (luaiii pcsd/cr .■''«> ,IU.„a,hn. Tina n-..-ru „„iuando u, lnn,s tmi'hnro.,,. halm; ,lnj- n,nn„ ml s,nn anlrns rrp,„fr Mum, lnf„rnr ro.hn, ,.. r,.stLoJ,. a/ ,-,(,(,, ,,rrj„'l„o mauvn nujo, ,I,„„.ihv /)'^s„s ron.ns mmcnn- Vi<- >»rl,„., tn-nnssthnnh,.. ra»fo./!„. rnu-lutu. rf njh, f ,./ ) nitcnniii. •' ' • ' I! .TUNJOR MATRICULATION: 1870. As Boon aa they are come on Roman soil, th( ijonsnls a.l- vauce to meet he enemy. Valerius Iculs .m the in a 'y n battle array; Hrutus move.l in advance with the cavalry the v^ ''a ^" T^' '""""'^'' ^'^^ '''^'^^ ^>f th« enemy^led the van: Aruns Tar.iu.nius, the king's son, commanded- he king ... penso., followed with the legi.ms. Arun when he at a distance recognizcl that it was a consul by the ictors ZT H T "'''"' ""'^ "•"'■'■^ ^•^'••*-^'" f^"'" J"« facef that it wa^ an wh "'1 '^'^^^:^^ r-^g-'. oried out, "That is the man who d,;ove us exil.:s f.om our own country. See, the tel ow rules ... pomp hin.self, decked nut in ou/robes Ye gods, avenger, of k„.gs, help me." II.. puts spurs to lis horse and nuully charges up,m the consul hi.uself. Brutus pe.ce.v.. that the attack was made on hin,. It M^as honour able 1.1 those days tor the commandos to engage in person • he acco.-d..igly eagerly presents himself for the comhat. And so with infuriated leelmgs they met, neither, so long as he "o^ h J?n"h '"" ^"-"^y' j"j"'^f"l <'f guarding his owf. body^ ao that each one pierced by his adversary's blow through I'om'tli^rloit:'"'^' '''' *" *»- '-'' ^P--' '^^y fe" ^-1 PosUpiam in ager liomanm venio, ohnam hosti, conml eo ..nr„nZ '^"f '•" "•^' 'HmmP'^des duco ; BnUus ad explore cxcm ^qmtatus antecedo. Idem modm primus eques hostis anmm mm: prmum Arm,s Tarqmnius, Jilins rex /rex ipse cunleZ sequor, Aruns uhi ex Uctor procui consul mm deine jam prape ac certe fades quoque Brutus, cognosce, inna^nZ fra, /,'f jx:;:^..;Tr'^;^^^^ ^-^^^-^ ^r^^opatna. niter l/«»»„ ■'%''''•/ '^^^ '' '««.^/"^«<^« i^^<^^do. Dens, rex niter, admm. Concxto calcar equus, atque in ipse in/estns m '•I ! i % 1 ] 'I i liS I 86 KXEKCISES IN' LATIN I'KOSK. consul dh-iiio. Smtlo in sul eo Brutus. DeconiA mm. tarn, ipse cainnso puqmi dux ; anide. itaque .^ul ceHamm <^i'ro Adeoque hifestns animus concurro, neuter, dum ho-'^tts valnero suus proteqo corpus memor, u« contrariun ictus per parma nterque tran-i/ioo, duo licereo hasta moribund^ ex e.qwu lahor. SENIOR MATRICULATION & SUPPLEMENTAL: 1879. Next day Vercingetorix, having asaemblea a council, repre- sents to them that he had undertaken this war not because of h s own interests, hut for the sake of the general hbevtj , nn, that as they must yield to fortune, he offers himself to to ft either^ate, whether they prefer to appease the Romans by his death, or '.o deliver him up ahve. iMivoys are despatched to C^sar to treat concerning these points. H. im ts that their arms be surrendered and their chiefs delivered up. He himself took his seat before the camp, and the chief, are brought out thither. Vercingetonx is 'lelivered up and their arms\re thrown away. Reser^ung the .Edni "nd the Averni, of the rest of the prisoners, he distributed throughout the whole of the army one apiece. Posterusdies Verdnueforix, concilium convoco ix sui helium s»So non saus necessitas sed communis hhertas causa de- mon tro et, quoniam sum fortun,i cedo, aduterque. res mr die oZo seu mors suus Eomanus satisfacio, sen vivus tramdovolo imo d hie res ad Omar Icjatus. Jubeo arma trausdo et nZceps produco. Ipse pro castrum consido, et eo ilux produco. TeTcinneZix dedo, et arma projicio. Peservo J^duus atque. AvZuTex reUquus captions lotus exerdins caput suujuh distribuo. ALL THE YEARS : 1879. Rut on the following day. when those who were older had suffic en ly rested, he tohl me that then See vola. having taken two^or three turns, said : •' Why do we not Crassus. imitate Socrates in the Ph.-Bdrus of Plato ? For this plane- t^ee of yoirs ha^ put me in mind of it, which with its wide- spread boughs shades this spot no less than that whose cover Socrates sought, and which seems to me to have grown not so much rom the rivulet which is described as from the lan- ^a^e of Plato ; and what he with the har.lest of feet did, Sely throw himself on the grass, is certainly with more justice to be allowed to my feet. Posterus autem dies cum ille matm^ natus satis quiesco, dlo> tumS^Jl duo spatium tresvefado, dico : " Curnon mdor. EXERCISES IN LATIN PROSE. 87 'am, ipse \de.o(iue. •O, SUUti uterqiie ,: 1870. 1, repre- becausu liberty, niself to ;aae the Knvoya points, r chiefs nip, anil ielivered le MA\\\ tribated u helium ansa do- ts sid ille isdo volo. ausdo, et produco. lus atque. <.t singidi )liler bad I, having Crassus, lis plane - its wide- )8e covert rown not i the lan- foet did, dth more ksco, dko \on imUor, Grruisus, Socrates ille qui sum in Phcedrm Plato? Nam eqo flic turn platanus admoneo, qui non minus opaco hie loctis patu- us ramus quam ille qui umbra sequor Socrates, out ego video non tarn ipse aquula qui describo quum Plato oratio cresco; et qui lUe diirus pes facio, vt sui abjicio in herba, is meus pes certe concedo sum cequus. ALL THE YEARS: 1880. When Sylla had arrived from Asia, he retained Pomponius with him as long as he remained there, charmed at once with the good breeding and the erudition of the young man For he spoke Greek so well that he seemed a native of Athens while at the same time he displayed such grace of Latin style that It seemed to possess a certain charm, native and not acquu-ed A\Tience it came that Sylla never was willing to dismiss him, but desired to take him along. When he tried to dissuade him. "Do not. I pray you," said Pomponius, desire to lead me against those in whose company I quitted Italy, in order that I might not bear arms against you." A'x Asia Sulla decedo cum venio, quamdiu ibi siim cum svi habeo I ompomus capio adolescens et humamtas et doctrina. ''iic emm Gnece loquor nt At/mm 7iascor video, tantus aidem .suaiHtas sum sermo Latinus ut appareo in is nativus quidam feporsum, non ascisco. Qui res facio ut Si,lla nusquam is ah suidimtto, cupioque aim sui deduce. Qui cum persuadeo tento, JSolo, oro til, mquam Pomponius, ''adivrsum is eqo volo fiuco, cum qui ne contra tu armafero Italia relinquo " .TUNIOU MATRICULATION : 1880. Caisar, having sent messengers to the state of the ^dui to shew them that those had been preserved by his kindness whom he would have been able to put to death by right of war, and having given three hours of the night to the army to rest, moved his camp towards Gergovia. Almost in the middle of the march, horsemen, sent by Fabius, explain in how much danger the matter was ; they point out that the camp had been attacked by very great forces, since fresh men were trequently taking the place of those who had been wearied out, and M-ere tiring out our men by constant toil, of whom '>u account of the size of the camp, the same men had to remain continually on the rampart ; that many had been ^vounded by the great number of arrows, and of every kind of .i-_ i.... I Oiiyxjica jiad bucu or great use for with- Ntanding these (hfticulties ; that Fabius, at their departure having abandoned two gates, was blocking up the rest, and If 88 EXERCISE8 IN LATIN PR08R was adding breastworks to the rampart, aud preparing hiniBelf for a similar fortune for the following day. Having learned these things, Cmaar, with very great zejil on the part of the soldiers, arrived at the camp before sunrise. Cmmr, nunciu.^ ad ridUis .E'lui inUtu, qai ftuio^ henejicium comervo docro, qai jus Ixdlnm hiterjicio posoium, tre.sque horn nox I'xcrdtm ad radiuniperic.u- lamque rer^or, nut pro victima homo iiamolo, aut sui immolo roveo, adminislerqne ad is sacrijirinm Druides utor ; quod, pro vita homo nisi rita homo reddo, non possum aliter deus imrnor- lalis nuvien placo arbitror : publiceque idem (jcnushaheo instituo sacri/icium. Alius inunanis maqnitudo .•iimulacrum habeo, qui rontexo rimen mem.l cum vims homo complro, qui succendo, cir- cuvineiiiojlamma examino homo. Supplicium is, qui in furtum, aut in latrocimum, out ali(nd noxa comprehendo, [p-atus deus immortalis sum arbitror ; sed quum is qenus copia dejicio, etiaw ad innocen.'* supplicium descendo. EXERCISES m LATIN PROSE. 81 ts castra repente efundo cur.ms ad pugna tendo. Atrox in primipmm prcellum sum, et Ilispanus recens victoria ferox, et tnsuetus ignoniima miles Romamis accendo. Acriter mediua acies, duofortis legio, dimico, qui quum aliter moveo locus non possum hosiis cerno, cuneus insto pugno, et usque plus confer- tusque medius nrgeo. Ibi postquam laboro acies Calpurnius, pnetor, video, T. Quinctilius Varus, et L. Juventius Thalna legatus ad singuh legio adhortor propere mitto. Doceo et moneo jubeo, "iM ille spes omnis vinco et retineo Hispania sum. Si tile locus cedo nemo hie exercitus non modo Italia, sed ne Tagua quidem ulterior ripa, uvquam video." Ipse, cxim eques duo legio paullulum circvmveho, in cuneus fiostis, qui medius urqeo acies, ab latus incnrro. JUNIOR MATRICULATION : 1877. Manias Curius, win. has Imaincss at Vntviv, is esteemed by iiie t(ir luany and t^.eat ivasons : tor I hoth have a friendship or Ion.,' stauamg with him. whicli commenced when first he atten.led the fornm. and at I'atra". hoth on several occasions previoiisy, ;ui,l especially on the last, in this mo.st unhappy war all his house has been oi.en to nie, and if there had been need I would have used it as my own. Hut the greatest bond between us is one, as it were, of a more halloM'ed kind of friendship, namely, that he is a most intimate friend of our Atticus and respects and loves him above all other men. Now, it by chance you have alreadv become acquainted with Jnn, I think that T am too late in doing what I now do For he IS a man of such politeness and courtesy that 1 think ho has alrea(ly been recommended to von on his own account. Hut still, if this be so, I urgently beg of vou that, if you have siowu any inclination towards him before this letter of mine there may afterwards accrue to it as great an accumulation as I»ossil)Ie, through my reconimendati(m. M.' Curius, qui Patrae negotior, uudtus et magnus de causa a ego dihgo. Nam et amicitia pervefus eqo cum is sum, ut primum. in forum renio, instUutus ; et Patrae quum aliquoties antea, turn, proxime hie miser bell urn domus is totus ego pateo ; qui si^ o2M(s sum, tarn utor, qunm mcus. Mat/nus aufem eqo vinculum cum is .mm quasi snnctus quidem iiecessitudo, quod Mim Atticus noster familiaris isqtie unus propter ca^teri obtiervo nc dihgo. Qui ,si tu jam forte cognosco, puto eqo hie, quifacio, facH) sero. Is .mm enim. kumanifas et obserranlia, ut is tu jam ipse per S7u commemlo puto. Qui tamen <'. ita .sum magnopere « t?t qiueso, ut ad is voluntas, .si qui la Ulp ante Idc. ineiis liffrr(r confero, quam magnus postea commendatio cumulus accedo. ' lili R^'iPB" 2SSSttS 82 KXKKCISES IK LATIN PHOSE. SKNIOll MATRT(!ULATI(LN & SUPPLEMKNTAl- : 187T. When the (]u;v9tor was Rcllino; the Africans, f»n learning that a well grown boy among them of remarkable beauty, was of royal family, "he sent him to Seipio. Wlien Scipio questioned him, " vvho lie was, of wliat country, and why, at that age, he had been in the camp?" the boy anawercd. "that he was a Numiresented the boy with a gold ring, a tunic with a broad stripe, together with a Spanish cloak and a gold buckle, also a horse richly caparisoned ; and, having ordered cavalry to escort him as far as he wished, (Usmissed him. Quum Afer vendo qiuedor pucr aditUus inter ii^ forma Indqnis quum audio regiiifi (jcnHs mm ad Scipio mitto. Qui quum percunctor Scipio, qi'ii'^ ct cujas et cur id cetas in cadra sum. Numida sum aio, Massina popularis voco. Orhus a pater relinquo apnd matvrnm avioi Gala rex Numida educo^ cum ai'uiiculns MasinisHa qui uuper cum equitatus suhsidium Cartha'jinioisis ccnio in Tlispunia trajlcio. Prohihco propter mtas a' Masinissa annqumn ante pneliuin iwo. Is dies qui pugno cum Ronianas inscius ai-iuu-ulus clam arnia cquusquc sumo in acies exco : ihi pro/ah n- cqitus efumlo in pra'ccps c.apio ah Romanus. Scipio quum aMi-rro Numida juheo qui pro trihumdis aqo pcrofjo. Inde quum sui in pra'torium rccipio voco IS interroqo volone ad Masinissa rercrtor. Quum ejfutida (faudiam lacrima cupio vera dica : turn pucr annulus aureus 'tunica latus clavus, cum Jlispanus sarpdum et aureus fibula equmque ornatus dono juhe.oque prosequor quocul voh eqrw-f dimitto. 187: EXEK0ISE8 IN LATIN PROSK. S.'J •JUNIOR MATiaCULATlOX: 1878. When Cneius Lentulus, a military tril.uno, ri.linir W s;uv the oousrl sitting cm n, stone covered witli hlr»o(l, he said ■ Jo you, Lncuus .Kmihus-whom alone guiltless of blame foi to-day s disaster, the gods ought to regard-take this horse while you have sonu. strength left, and I, as your com- pamon, caw support and j.rotect you. iJo not shroud this battle in gloom l,y the death of a consul. Even without this we have enough ot tears and mourning. " 'I'o this the consul replied : Blessings on your manhood ! Cneius ( orneli.is, hut take eare that you do not waste in useless compnssicm the •scanty time for escaping fmm the hands of the enemy Ho • o^fX r 'I'" ^ *; l^"''lV^ ].ehalf-to the senate, that the^ fortit> the city (,f Kome betore tlie arrival of the victoriou's J^n;,i!i; T""/''.T |-"''f'' >^el'alf - to Quintus Fabius, thit .hmihus has both hved up to this day and dies nnndful .f Urn precep+s. As lor me, suffer me to expire amid the carna.^e o my soMiers, lest I .should either be again impeached after my consulsh.]., or stand f.rth as the accuser of Iny coUeague .?^!h; ■'' aIm' ''"i,"'-'' ''"^^ immcence by the accusation of ; vi r''ifi, . ir 'T^ 'l^-l'^^ting this, ih-st a crowd of dying ctizens, and tliei. the enemy cam.- upon them. The c(.nsul hey ..verwludn.ed with missiles, not knowing who he ihen was. I.ntujus his horse carried off in the confusion, only tlu' Lunaans Hee indincriminatelv. llii/IKDtt, '(> debcn, ( tr(vt<'rv('ho eq/ivM M'deo in mxnmrniur ojy/ro ry..nlrlh^o, - /.. .Fmmu: debeo mpio htc t'(/ni(.% 'lum cf tu ms a/ii--- - ■ . • v "' po;^^un,acprut,uo. N. fum'.tus hk p,.,na mor. coLdfano ■ Hiain .swc Inc. larnnin stitiH fi(rfu.'<,,nr .sum." Ad /.s <-(,h^uI- '^ Tu qnuUni, Cn. Curnr/h,., mnclm nrt,,. ,suvi ; .ed nuro frmtra mi.'^oror r.nijiu,.s hmpi,., e viavus /h>Mi evado afmmn.' Abeo nuntw pnhhce patn;^ urks liunmHU. wnvio w. priusnuai,, hnstU Victor advnno pra^sidunn Jirmo ; prirathn Q. Fahhin .-Ennlim pra'ceptav,>., >n,>nor ,c' rU-o ndhm et manor. E,,omet in hie •^tr,.uje.H vnle.s mea,, patior explro, m aid r, us itermr r. cormdatu.i sum, ant arcmai ,r colh^ja ewUo, vt alinuis a-. a, ■ !:niocndia memprote,io. fie a,,o jrrins turha fmfo cv^ls, 'uind^'hodu, oppnmo: consul, ignoro quis mm, ohruo tdum ■ Imtulm inter timiUtms ampiu cquus. Turn demum effmefmjw n EXKRCISKS IN LATiN I'HOSK SENIOR MATRICULATION & SUFPLEMKNTAL . 1878. Having prayed thus, he ordered his lictors to go to Titus Mauliua and give timely warning to his colleague that he had devoted himself on behalf of the army. He himself, girded with the (Jinctus Oabinus, fully armed, mounted us horse an.l plunged into the midst of the enemy ; a mark tor the gaze of either host, far more majestic m appcMatice than a man, sent, as it were, from heaven as a propitiatinn of all the the wrath of the gods, to avert destruction troin hi.s country- men and to carrv it a^.iinst tlieir enemies. Iluis all terror and panic borne alongVith him, threw them into c.'iitusion.^ iirst the van of the Latins, and then penetrated the heart ot their host. This waa very manifest, that wherever !,o.^:i;ivg. t, there the enemy, as if smitten hy a baleful star, were sci/ed with panic : l)ut, intlee«l, when he cell overwhelmed with darts, iinmediateiy from that spot the cohorts of the Latins unmistakeably dismayed, spread liight ami havoc far and wide. At the same time the Romans, their ituiids reheved from religious fears, rushing on togetlier, .u- >' then for the first time the signal had been given, l)egan the battle afresh. Hie ita precor Victor eo ad T. Manlius juheo, matureque col- lega mi devoveo pro exercitus nuntio. Ipse incingo Cinctua Gabinus armo in equus insiUo, ac sui in niedius hostts lynmitto ; conspicio ah iiterque acies aliquanto awjustm humanus msus sicut caelum mitto jnaculum omnis deus ira, qui pestis ah sum averto in hostis fero : ita omnis terror pavorque cum ilk fero siqnum primo Latini turbo, dehvle in totus penitus acies per- vado Eoidens is sum, quod quicumque pqaus invpho, iln liaud secus quam pestifer sidus ictus pavco : uhi vero corruo obruo teium irde jam hand dubie constcrno cohors Latini fuga ac vastiias late facio. Simul et Romani exsolvo religw animus, velut turn primum signum do coorior, pugmv integer edo. ALL THE YEARS : 1878. Marcus Regulus, when he had broken the maritime strength of the Carthaginians, at length, through an adverse change fortune, fell into the enemies' hands. Sent as an ambassador to Rome, in reference to an exchange of prisoners, an oath havin':' been given him that if he should not effect it he would return to Africa, he advised against the proposition in the senate Then, having returned to Carthage, he was tortured with the most cruel punishments. For, his eyelids having been cut off, he was kept for some time in a dark place ; then, being suddenly brought out when the sun was most arf,f^r!.., he was forced to gaze on the sky. At last he was cast into a EXKRi.'ISKS IN LATIN PROSK. 85 chest bristling with spikes turned inwanls, and so narrow hirwpaJj'f V 1 \' '■'-''nain constantly upHght ; and, whilst iron nn^nf. l" •'' "'i' n 'If ^* ^^^^t lean, was pierced with iron points, he was killed by torture and want ot sleep. MarcusRjnIus, ,p„un nmrltinms Pcenu, vis franco, tandom adverm,Jurtana matatio in hostin mana, vndo. Leqatm do f/t rn , •^'■"■'' '7 ""' "' ■''""^"■' """'^'^" ^t^.nW "v ^"' ^"^'^J^'i^i^'^f"! of guaniing his own body, thP n n rf-P'T"^ ^y ^"^ adversary's blow through fJom^tfr^it?"^^ '''' '^ '''' *-" ^P^^-' ''^^y ^«" ^^-^ Postquam in ager Romanm venio, ohviam hostis consul eo /ahrim quadratm agmen pedes duco ; Brutus ad exploro cum eqiatatus ant^cedo. Ltera modus primus eques hoSisaqmZ seZfT'"^ "^'T ^«/:?'«'""«'/^*-«« rex/rex ipse cuJ^o sequor, Arum rdn ex hctor procul consul sum, delude jam prope ac certe^ M^es guoque Brutus, cognosce, inflammo Ira Ille sum vm tnqiuun, "qui ego extorris expdlo patria ipse, en tile, noster decora insignf, maqnijice incedo. Deus rex ultor, adsum." Concito calcar equus, ^ue .u ipseinfZus Sil !! so KXKRCISKS IN' LATIS IMtOSK. rnnml illruw. SaUlo i» .^'u co liratt,^. Decorn. sH,a turn ij>m r^J^H7«a ,Uu ; arid. lUuiae .nl crrUunn, ./Ar.. .1 d.o,rae SKNlOll MArUlCULATlON & SHri'LKMKNTAL •. 187W. \rKt .lav Vorciii-'citorix, haviui^ asseml.lod a cuucil, rcpre- ;;f hts ovvu interest., but for tho sako c,t tl.e j^.iiera! lil.e.t> > Ur a.thcymustyiel.Uo fortune, l.c oiler, lu.nself to - e n f . eitUei^ fato. whether they prefer to ai.pea.e tl»o VCu l»y Ui« <^^^=^th, or to aeliver him ny alive. Knvoys r;M>aS;hea to (-a..u. to treat -----'^^'S,!;.^;^ K.. insists tliat tlieir arms be siirren.lore( an- 1 then cnicta .klivex up. He himself took lu« «eat before the canH>, and ^e ehio s^-e br.mglit out thith.r. VereingetoriK is Jehvei^d u a I tl e r arms°are thrown away.. Reserving the l.dn ■ d'ihe Averni. of the rest of the prisoner., he distributed throughout the whole of the army one apiece. : o> -0 el, qnommn snni fortuna redo, ad nt^rque rvsmiMe tlttod Mr re. ad Ccemr le.ut on the following dav, when tlu)se who were older had ut oil tncu ^ . j^^jj SoiBVola, having ^^^^^^^y '^' ^J^'^ .^ \Vhy do we not, Crassus, *">'i. So^^^" u e Plu Irus of l^Lto r For this plane- r f vn 1 -s h as )ut me in mind of it, which witli its wide- tree of youis lias It me that whose covert Z:^^:^^^^'^'^^ to me to have grown not Jo umch f i the rivulet which is described as from the an- 1 Mf Plato • and what he with the hardest of feet did, frS;th\w hin-lf on the grass, is certainly with more justice to be allowed to my feet. Poderux autem dies cum iUe nianmt-^ nalm mth.qum'''\ din> JCs^vZ duo ^.^thun tresve facia, dico : " Car nnu .ruUu , KXRRfMSKS IN LATIN PROSR. 87 1871>. CmMHU.% SorrnleH U/r ,pii mm in PhmlruH Plato { Nam eqn fur, laufi platauiis adnionco, (/tii non miniiH oparo hie li)run pain- v^ ravmx ,p,(HH ;.f/r qin mnhra xeipwr Sorratrs, oiii ci/o rldco Hon fain, ipse rcparin.c; hirriHelf for a similar fortune for the following day. Having learned these things, Civaar, with very great zeal on the p^irt of the soldiers, arrived at the eami) before sunrise, dfBmr, nunclm ad ciiHf.as /Etlni niifto, ti .■oius bencficium fonservo docpo, qui ji(s hi'Uuin intcrjirio poKMun, tir.xquc horn nox fixercUm ad tinier C^ l^<^ ill i4; I., I V] vl 7 ^^ 'r> /A IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I ^ li^ 1112.2 ^ 1^ IIIIIM 1.8 Photographic Sciences Corporation % // ,r> qinor aWnVH in -im ? WTiat /T*t»»*l^' -— /» **< U,o — cT^k^-w ^ /C^L^ . CAA^^yo ^M-A-—^ /4wt.'vi»_>^.'^— ^ (W'^-^'^M-^V-O -'i,-HQ ,.A»--'V**-'-=a i^' / CLtM-ux^ (}XJL uLl EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. iii What ^^^utx^ /^ 1. o. 7. 8. 9. 10. rv. ON THE ADJECTIVE. Decline : Parvus, tener, niger, celer, felix, audax, audacior, prudens, arans, vetus, memor, alter, alius, and solus. What adjectives have the genitive singular in -ius ? What irregularities in the following adjectives: Frugi, cetera, pauci, and hilaris ? Give the rules, with exceptions, for forming comparatives and superlatives cf adjectives. Write out the comparative and superlative of the f ol^ owing : similis, ingens, pauper, alacer, dives, superus- magnus, acer, imbecillus, mirijicus, bonus, frugi, bene, volus, posterns, similis, inferus, muUus, adolescens, magnus, and senex. What adjectives have two forms for the superlative, and what is the difference in meaning ^iween these forms ? What adjectives are (1) without compi atives, (2) with- out superlatives, and (3) without tti-minational com- parison ? How are adverbs formed irom adjectives ? What adverbs are used with the positive to express the comparative and superlative ? Compare : Meritus, diversus, mortalis, capitalis, invitus, vetus, albus, propinquus, caecus, paternus, juvenis, noxius, lassus. V. GENERAL EXERCISE. Correct (when necessary): Pelagus magnuarf) quercus altus ; lauri celsi ; opus difficilis ; acus acer; domus lauta; idus proximus : acies instructa ; eques cekres ; mons infimus ; arbor densus ; aequor ventosns ; fagus patulus ; humus uvidus ; vulnus gravis ; papaver mollis ; mulier prudens j mare tumultuosum ; princeps magnanima ; tirbs celsus. Decline in combination: Ccesar, dux victor; miles fortis Valerius; eques acer O alius ; Ariovistus princeps Oermanus; legio invicta ; animal ferox leo; lupus cder. IV EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. 3. Explain the form of the following words : Duum mrum ; nummvm decern millia ; prcefectus socium, magnani- mum generator equorum ; deum magnorum dux; Dardanidum rex ; triumvirum unua. 4. Decline in combination : Vaa sincerum ; locus amoenus ; domu8 celsa ; deus viagnus ; auriga ignavua ; coelum altum ; eques acer ; quercua ferax ; diea felix ; rea anguata ; aciea adveraa ; apea alta. 5. Give nominative plural (if any) of : Veteri ; arcubus, impuberia ; mdlius : deaidia ; dono ; fraude ; remige ; equabua; ditia ; iduum; pari; viribua; auppellectile.m ; frenoa; coeloa; opera; furem; nomine; edaci;nequam; nigris: quercubus ; jugerum ; vaa (surety); was (vessel) ; dectlua; muribua; kalendia ; genu; dierum ; hortua ; and equitatua. VI. ON THE NUMERALS. 1. Write out the first twenty numerals, (1) ordinal, (2) cardinal, and (3) distributive. 2. Express in Latin : Eighteen ships ; ninety-nine boys ; fifty-five horses ; two hundred and seventy men. 3. What cardinal numerals are declined ? 4. Decline : Unus, duo, ambo, trea, mille. ?i. When is mille an adjective and when a noun ? Tr? ate into Latin : a thousand men ; ten thousand horses. 6. Give some rule for the order in which Latin numerals in combination stand and illustrate from the fol- lowing numbers : 653, 235, 19, 48, 2374, 561. 7. When are distributive numerals used ? Distinguish : Binae litterae and diiae lUterae; duo acyphi and bini acyphi; decern denarioa dedit, and denoa denarioa dedit. 8. Explain the origin of I., V., X., L., M., C, D. 9. Express the following by symbols or words : 2,357 ; 35,000 ; 2,000,000 ; 1,500 ; 90. 10. Distinguish : Bis et vicies, and bis vicies. 11. Decline: Unua consul; duo praemia ; binae coronae ; singular uxores. EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. 1. o 4. 5. 6. 8. VII. ON THE PRONOUNS. Decline in full: Ego, tu, sui, hk,ille, is, idem, quis, and qui. Distinguish in use, is, ille, iste, ipse, and hie. Decline in combination : Quis arti/ex callidus ; eadern respublica incolumis ; quid jusjurandum ; ille semivir ; unusquisque hoino inepfus. Decline : Quisquis, alteruter, neuter, mens, and ecqui«. What pronouns have double forms ? Explain with what pronouns the following endings are found : -pte, -met, -ce, -pse, -pte, -met, -ce, and -pse. Explain the forms: Eccum, eccos. eccam, ellam, ollus, illuf, qua, quis, quoi, quicum. Decline in combination : Ego tixor infelix ; neuter pater- familias diligens: tu lepida soror ; plerique equitef aeerrimi; quaedaui mulier formosa. To what forms is -cum appended ? 8. 4. VIII. ON THE VERB. What are (1) the principal tenses of a verb, (2) what the historical ? How many conjugations in Latin ? How do you distin- guish them ? Conjugate fully : Sum, amo, moneo, rego, and audio. Parse the following parts : Am^re, ameris, amaris, amere, amaverunt, amatur, amator, amavit, amatu, amatus, monere, monearis, monentor, monentur, monitus, monu- erunt, monebere, monitus ero, monueris, regere, regSris, regeris, regaris, rectus, regens, regent, regunt, regat, regit, reget, rexeris, audiris, audieris, audiaris, audi- antor, and audita. What different parts may the following be : Fueris, es, amare, monere, regere, and audire ? Conjugate capio, and parse capere, eapiare, capiere, capita, capto, capi, ceperitis, captum iri, and cepi. What is a deponent verb, and into what classes are they usually divided ? Vi EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. 8. 0. Conjugate : Ilortor, vereor, aequor, blandior, and potior. Parse : Ilortator, hortah^rc, hortntu, hortatm, }>ati, patirris, patSrin, miuaris, blandieris^ blandiris, and blandiar. 1. 2. 5. 6. 7. &. 9. IX. ON THE VERB. (Continued.) What is meant by the term periphrastic conjugation ? How many are there ? Conjugate (by jwriphrastic conjugation) : Amo, moneo, rego, and audio. Explain the forms : Amasti, ajnarani, amasaet ncstiy nermit, < aitdisti, audiJisein, nosti, audieram, scripsti, and dixe. What two endings for pf. inilic. act. 3rd pi. ; for the 2nd pers. sing, of pres. impf. and fut. pass, in indie. ; or 2nd jMsrs. sing, of pres. and impf. subj. pass. ? What fom* verbs have irregular imperative 2nd sing. act. ? Explain the forms: Scihanit serviba, edam, duivfij faxo, fajcim, ausim, kvas»o, 2»'ohibesso, ca}>»o, axo, jussOf occisit, taxis, amarier, regier, viderier. What is meant by a present, a perfect, and a supine stem? Wliat diflferent ways of forming a perfect stem, and givo examples of each class ? What are the pres. pf . and supine stems of carpo, ito, ago. doceoy visa, curro, do, spondeo, rego, audio, and moneo? ON THE VERB. {Continued.) 1. Conjugate the following : veto, sto, lavo, eubo,. do, tonOy plicOi juvo, censeo, nmceo, haereo, suadeo, teneo, jubeo, maneo, mordeo, caveo, sedeo, video, and liqueo. 2. What verba of the 1st conjugation form the perfect by reduplioatian? what verbs of the 2nd conjugation? EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. vii 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. What are somi-doponent verbs ? Give a list of them. Conjugate dnco, cedo, quatio, premo, mitto, Jlecto, evado, vivo, uro, ijcro, demo, traho, Jiijo, cano, taiujo, totlo, vciido, cndo, raedo, fallo, pelto, pendo, eino, fario, frnufjo, fu(jio, jacio, lego, tdo, prehendo, verto, imuuIo, defendo, accendo, volvo, ah, tiero, rapio, nteto ami tiecto. What compounds of sto are of the first conjugation? what of the third? what compounds of sto have perfect in -uteti ? what in -stiti ? What compounds of fac'io havejrio ? what, /ar to, ? Distinguish : Vlnit, vm'd ; IhjU, lP,. ( Jive the imperative mood of jxtlior, jtrofiteor and facio^ in full ; jilso the perfect tense and supine of adimo, cieo, gi(jno, pario and fulcio. G. l>ecline in combination : Remex alacer ; brevis epitome ; locvplea Dido. 7. What diflferenco in meaning attends diflference in quantity in : Refert, educat, sedes, fide, fere, modo, velia, vadOy finis, amare, flave, flare, nooi, and vere ? 8. What classes of words in third declension have the genitive plural in -ium ? 9. What words in fourth declension have the dat. and abl. plural in -ubiM ? XIII. ON THE VERB. {Contiivutd.) 1. Write out fully the prea. pf. and future tenses of indie, and the pres. and impf. subj. of fero, feror, nolo, inalo, volo, and^o, 2. What is the derivation of possum, nolo, and malo ? 3. Parse the following : fer, ferre, ferto, ferat, fertor, fertur, ferreris, nolit, nollet, malet, mallet, malam, nonvia, tiolebatis, ii,fi>eris, tulere, nolito, malis, poierit, potuerit, poiiset, fiunt, fiant, fiemus. and fiie. 4. Compound fero with ab, ad, con, dis, ex, in, 6b, mby conjugating the verba in their principal parts. ■IK EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. ix 5. Conjugate eo in the prea., fut., and pf. indie, and the pres. and impf. subjunctive. C. Parse ; Eundua, eunt, eant, eunlea, ibit, iiati, ito, Uur, itum, and tVt. 7. What is the active form of : veneo, fio, and vapulo. 8. Parse abstuli, attuH, collatum, distulerint, auatulcrUis, obtulmet, and coltaturua. XIV. ON THE VERB. (Continued.) Conjugate in the pf. indie, act, and the pf. subjunctive : Coepi, odi, and me^nini. Write out the parts in use of : Aio, inquam, fari, ave, salve, ctdo, and apage. Parse : Fatur, inqnit, aitint, foret, quaeso, defiat, coeptUH sum, oderia, fare, and irifit. Give a list of the chief impersonal verbs in Latin ? What verbs can be used only impersonally in the passive ? Correct any mistake in the following : Credor, tu scri- bendus es, luditur rnihi. Parse the following : Cretum, atravit, moriturua, oblUm, nexid, genuerunt, altum, surrexit, volutus, victim, scisaum, tenturus, concklit, concidit, freyerant, peyi, concuadt, aapexerat, and visum. Conjugate : Lavo, abdo, latdo, aisto, attollo, verto, fodio, jacio. Mo, edo, scindo, pendeo, pendo, cupio, meto, rapio, salio, ulciacor, expergiscor, loquor, reperio, and aaaentior. XV. ON THE PARTICLES. 1. Give the different methods of forming the comparative and superlative of adverbs. 2. Compare the following adverbs : beiie, nove, prudenter. male, nuper, din, saepe, egregie, aatius, magnopere, parum, and multum. EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. What adverbs have no foniiB of comparison ? What are the infloparablo prepoaitiona ? Wliat propoBitions govern the ablative ? What prcpoHitions covern the aco. or abl. ? Give a general rule for the use of such prei^sitiona. Explain the force of the prefix in : ambieo, reddo, divello, vecors, and iruicitms. Decline in combination : provida Jilia familias. What nouns are of irregular gender in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth declensions? Write out the pres. indie, and pf. subjunctive, active and passive, of sterno. XVI. ONvTHE FORMATION OF WORDS. 1 . What are the endings of diminutives ? What is the rule for the gender of diminutives ? 2. Wliat are patronymic nouns, and shew how they are formed ? 3. What endings designate place ? 4. What are the endings of abstract nouns formed from "^ adjectives ? 5. What are the endings of verbal nouns ? 6. What endings of adjectives express (1) fulness, (2) material, and (3) characteristic ? 7. Explain the force of the endings in the following : docilia, lotKjulus, forensis, Gannemis, maritimm, faginus, animosiis, amator, amor, stahulum, ovile, quercetum, ocellus, Tantalides, filiola, Neptunine, aervitium, senaiiia, aureus, loquax, verecundua, Fidenaa, and urbanus. 8. Into what classes are derivative verba divided? Explain the force of the endings in the following : geUtaco, cantill>, esurio, canto, duresco. 9. How are adverbs formed from adjectives ? 10. Compound : capio, eo, fero, ago, with ad, ante, e, in, sub, and re. EXAMINATION Fi^i ERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. XI 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 8. XVII. GENERAL EXERCISE. Correct, if necessary, any mistakes in the following ad- verbial forms: Nnperim, satisdme, faciliter, ijrnrp, potimme, summiter, dulciter, bcnevulenter, caro, quin- decime, noviper, and magnificenter. Compare : Mirijice, ve.lociter, duke, and aero. Form substantives from the following : Gigno, adolesco, foveo, ferveo, traho, veho, /undo, queror, and verto. What is meant by nomina gentilicia ? What are the four classes of verbs derived from verbs ? Give rules for the formation of comparatives and super- latives of advorhs and adjectives. Decline in combination : Ilk vir Atheniensis ; hie ittfelix nauta ; iste Allan ; ego civis Roinanua, Distinguish: POpulus, pdpiilua; rS/ert, refert ; cdma, coma ; Idem, idem ; manUa, manna ; rP-gia, rvgia ; dilcia, dilria ; aMea, aedea ; mdnea, miXnea ; piUtta, pdlua ; mdlua, mdlua ; procerum, proch-nm ; pidga, pldga ; aUcuria, aSairua (deriving each) ; irrita, irrlta ; mdnet, mdnet ; oblUua, oblUua ; artla, artla ; cdnet, cdnet. XVIII. GENERAL EXERCISE. 1. Decline throughout qtdaquam, qidaquia, and alius. 2. Decline and give gender of ." Miles, hoatia, agmen, collia, caatrum, locus, apea, aalua, corpxia, cadaver, flumen, iter, ver, nox, diea, caro, doa, palua, via, vir, and mos. 3. What are the other degrees of comparison of the follow- ing : Extremua, proximua, prope, latiasimua, peaaivma, facilior, creber, arduua, divea, frugaHor, nequiasimua, benevolua, posterior, egenus, and inferior. 4. Write out imperative mood active and passive of : Fero, capio, facio, vendo, and/erto. 5. Write out perfect indicative, active and passive (when used) of . Stemo, eumbo, srindo, tero, jubeo, gradior, mitto, cado, caedo, cedo, frango, emo, veho, oblino, figo, a,nd Jingo. 6. Mention (1) nouns used only in the plural ; (2) nouns which change their meaning in the plural. 7. Decline fully : Domus, mare, vas (a vessel), saturnalia^ alter, and senex. Xll EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. XIX. GENERAL EXERCISE. 1 . Write down tlie dative singular of : Cinis, hepar, ebur, inus, iHi'i'x, ohf) Laetus offidum. confecit. (3) Frater et soror erant parati. (4) Pars militum xnterfeeh sunt. (5) Prior puerorum. (6) Primus puerorum. (7) Mhil boni fecit. (8) Labor et otium inter se contraria sunt. (9) Primus me juvit. (10) Eloquentior quam sapientior fuit. Explain the uses of Jdc, iste, ille, is, idem, and ipse. Distinguish between the uses of allquis, quis, qui, quia- piam ; quivis, quUibet, quisquam, ullus ; alius, alter • 'jier, utervis, uterque. ' Distinguish between (1) doctior quam gratior est ; doctus quam gratiis est ; (2) Nostrum; nostri ; (3) Me rogavit ut sthi legatus sim ; me rogavit ut ei legatus essem. (4) primwm abiit ; primus abiit. What is the rule for the sequence of tenses ? In what instances may the o.dinary rule be violated ? Explain the syntax of the f >;. wing : (1) 8pero fore ut adsis. (2) Omar jubet ut Heloetii vent- rent. (3) Hie homo erat tarn carus civibus ut pater patriae. appeUatus esset. (4) Tibi dcdU Kutk librum ut kg as. Xviii EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. XXVIII. ON THE VERB. {ContlMud^. 1. What particles are used to express (1 ) purpose, (2) result! 2. Explain the uses of ut, we, quo, quin, quominus. 3. Explain fully the use of qui with the subjunctive. 4. What particles are used with the Subjunctive of con- dition ? 6. What are the different forms of hypothetical sentences and the chief rules for their construction ? 6. Explain the syntax of the following : (I) Si quid habet, dat. (2) Givitas manet, modo civessint fortes. (3) 2fon est quod filio imperes. (4) Hand reaisavit quominus puero succurreret. (5) Quis non dubitat quin Europa minor Asia sit ? (6) Plus quam facere posset, fecit. (7) Sol efficit ut omnia lucida sint. (S) Vereor tit veniat. {9) Vereorne veniat. (10) Hor- tabor puemm ut studeat. (11) Sunt qui putent. (12) Dignus est qui ametur. 7. Distinguish between si non and nisi ; quin with indica- tive, subjunctive and imperative ; sunt qui amant and aunt qui anient. XXIX. 3. 4. 6. 6. ON THE VERB. {Contiimcd). With what particles is the Subjunctive of concession used ? What different usages were observed by the Latins in the use of quavivis ? Explain the use of quuin, quod, qui, with subjunctive and with the indicative. State the principal rules for the usft of donee, quoad; priusquam, anteqxmm, with indicative and with the subjunctive. What ia meant by an indirect question ? What particles are used with double questions ? 7. 8. EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. xix What is meant by the attraction of the subjunctive ? Explain the syntax of the following : (1) Duhito an illi credam necne. (2) Quid pater faciat, nescio. (3) Priusquam in urbem venissent, rm volavi. (4) Pwjnent dim sihi placeat. (5) Sine ut virea illia sint. (6) Donee pons in Jliimine faceretur, fuyiebant. (7) I^on stilun mihi erat, quo scriberem. Explain the diflference between nescio quia acripsit, nescio quia scripserlt; necne, annon; narrabo quod aentio, narrabo quid sentiam. XXX. 2. 3. 4. 6. ON THE VERB. (Continued). Give the principal rules for the use of the moods and tenses in oratio ohliqua. With what verbs is the infinitive used as the object of a proposition ? Explain the use of the gerund, and of the gerundive. What is the use of the supine in -urn ? What of the supine in -« ? Translate and explain the syntax of the following : (1) Dicit se intra muros includere eos ; quia per agros vagari. (2) Coisari responsum est, si obsidea det, pacem f^iiiram esse. (3) Scribit legato cum legione veniat. (4) Quum pugnam videris, ad castra fuge. (5) Eum visiim irl a me puto. (6) Patricio tribuno plebis fieri ^\hi non licebat. (7) Mene incepto desistere victam ? (8) Mihi neglegenti esse non licet. (9) Bignu^ est qui ametur (10) Quo factum est ut plus quam colleqae Miltiades valuerit. Correct, wl 3re necessary ; (1) Venit videre montem. (2) MuUum interest inter dare et accipere. (3) Te legere decet. (4) Volo te breinter respondere. (5) Platonem audivisse dicitur. (6) Ego Phidias esse malo. (7) Cemea eum gavisurum esse, m scivit te in Roma manere ? XX EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GRAMMAR. XXXI. GENERAL EXERCISE. 1. What is the locative case? Give the endings of the locative in the clififerent declensions. 2. How is the absence of the simple future in the Latin subjunctive supplied ? 3. Distinguish carefully between the Gerund and Gerundive in Latin. 4. What is the construction oi—cavere, consulere, constat, juberc, enitl, nparare, i)rospicere, ah(>s>ie, and gaudere ? 5. Write out the imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive (Ist person sing, only) of— orior, ordior, potior, aggredior, tono,faveo, rapio, projiteor, allicio, sentio, veho, andeo. 6. Correct where necessary the following : (1) Nocte ultima qtiaiii Athcnl>< cgit. (2) Gratulatm est me (jiiia hanc ho nor em adept as sum. (.3) Socius ad aux'dlum venit. (4) Marcus persuasus est istum dolorem jmtienter esseferemUua. (5) M'dites sub jugo m'lssi sunt. 7. Explain and distinguish carefully between the following uses of quia : (1) Haud duhium est quin veniat. (2) Eum videre non potuit quill lacrimaret. (3) Quin veni. (4) Quin ad navem venimus ? XXXII. GENERAL EXERCISE. Give the future and perfect indicative (.3rd person plural), oi-accumho, excieo, torqueo, negligo, colligo, pango, coUido, relino, retego, tero, coquo, stringo, experior, and tendo. Distinguish between— OJi liominem qui hoc fecit and Odl hominem qui hocfecerit. Mention verbs that are transitive in English, while their Tiatin er^uivalents govern auotlier case than the accu- sative. EXAMINATION PAPERS IN LATIN GUAMMAR. XXI Correct where necessary, the following : (1) Mmuo ervemro, 4, {to reach the end of a journey). ars, artis, 3, f. ascendere, 3. quam celerrime {adverbial phrase). pudet, impers, 2. rogare, 1 ; petere, 3. aio, 3, defect. ; affirmaro, 1 ; asseverare, 1. juvare, 1, %vith ace. ; subvenire, 3, with dat. auxilium, 2 n. i. ad. with ace. ii. meaning near, apud, with ace. At is also a sign of location z e.g. at Capua =Capa-<£. Atilius, i., 2, m. At RANT), TO BE AruKNrAN.s Atuknh . . Ari'ACK, TO . ArrAcK, AN . Attkndant . Attiouh . . ArrarBUTE . A'lTRIBl TK BLAME ArouhTLs . . AVARIOR . . Av/AY, TO BE . back, to uome Baculus Bad Bai^ . Band . Banish Bank . Base Barbarian Battle . Be (to) . Beast . Beautiful Because . Become, to Begin . Behead Believe Benefit Benefit Benevolent Beseech Besiege Besi'atter. Bestow Bitter Bitterly Blame . Blind . Block . Blood . Blush ... boduoonatus , Body ... Body, of troops VOCABULARY. XXV arlpRse. Trrpfj. Atlioniiiii <'s, iiim, .3, c. Athena), anim, 1, f. agp-cdi, 3, do p. imiietiiH, us, 4, m. ininiHtcr, i., 2, m. ; fanmliia, 1,, 2, no. Atticus, i., 2, in. vcrtore, .3 ; (lure, 1 ; tribuere, 3. verture alicui oiilpam. Augustus, i., 2, m. avaritia, 1, f. al)C8se. Irreg. redire, 4 ; revenire, 4. Baculus, i, 2, m. malua, iinprobus. Baiiu, arum, 1, f, manus, 4, f. ex urbe or ex civitatc pellere. rii)a, a?, 1, f. tiirpis. barbarus. pugna, K, 1, f. ; pnclium, i., 2, n. esse. Irre(j. bellua, 8B, i, f. ; ivild beast, fera, sb, 1, f. pulcher, formosus. quia {emphatic, asnalhi tvith indicative) ; (luod (less emphatic). fieri. cwpisac, drfccfive, incipere, 3. sccuri peroutere. credere, 3. prodesse. Irrerf. (with dat. ). beneficiura, i.. 2, n. ; confer benefits, bene- licere, 3, with dat. benevohis, benelicus. orare, 1 ; obsecrare, 1. obsidere, 2. aspergere, 3. dare ; donare. amarus, asper. aspere, acerbe ; Utterly-hostile, infestus. culpa, a), 1, f. caucus, pnucludere. sanguis, inis, 3, m. erubescere, ,3. Boduoguatus, i., 2, m. cnrpns, oris. .3, n. prsesidium, i, 2, n. It" il XXVI VOCABULARY. Book . - bookselles Booty . Born . Both . BOTH-AND Boy BaAVK . Bravely Brrap Breast . Bribery Bring -BACK Britain Broad . Bronze . Brother Brundusiu; Build . Building Burial . Burn . Bury . Business Bushel But . . Buy . . By . . liber, bri, 2, m. librariua, i., 2, m. pricda, 03, 1, f. nasci, 3, dep. natuB, nata = a son, a dantjhler. ambo {botk together) ; uterque (both sepa- ratdij). et . . et. pner, i., 2, m. fortia, e. fortiter. panis, is, 3, m. pectus, oris, 3, n. ambitus, us, 4, in. referre, irretj., reportare, 1. Britannia, a*, i, f. latus. res, ris, 3, n. frater, tris, 3, m. Bruadisium, i., 2, n, wdificarc, 1 ; condere, 3. aidificium, 2, n. sepultura, as, 1, f. incendore, 3. sepelire, 4. i. one's affairs, ncgotiura, i., 2, n. ; res, ei, 5, f. ii. trade, ars, artis, 3, f. medimnus, i., 2, m. sed {comes first in a sentence) ; aui^^m {second in a sentence) ; nisi {after negatives). einere, 3. ab, a {used with abl of agent); per, aiic. {used of secondary agent). C^SAR Call . Camp . Capital Captain Captive Capua . Care . Care, to take . Carefully . . Carry on a war Carthage . . . Carthaginian . Cast = = = = Castle .... Catch . . . . Cjesar, ris, 3, m. vocare, 1 ; call out, clamare, 1, = name, appellare ; noininare. castra, oruni, 2, n. caput, capitis, 3, n. centurio, ouis, 3, m. captivus, i., 2, m. Capua, ai, 1, f. cura, iB, 1, f. cavere, 2 ; curare, 1. diligeiiter, caute. beUuni gerere. Carthago, giuis, 3, f. Carthagiuiensis, e., Poenus, i., 2, m. projicere. 3. castellum, i., 2, n. capere, 3. VOCABULARY. XXVU Catiline . Catius . . Cavalry, the Cave . . Cecilia Centurion Certain . Certainli' Chance Charge Charge, to Ciikerkul . Check on, to Chiefly . Chief post Children . Choose , . Christian Cicero . . . CiRCUMSTAKCE Citizen City . . Clad . . Clear, it is Clever . . . Climate, clime Cloak . . Close to . Coat . . Coat, a great Cohort Colour . . Come . . Command . Commit a crime , Common . . . Companion . . Compare . , . Compel, to . . Compliments, to SEND . . . . Conceal, to . . Concerns, it . . Conclusion Catilina, 09, 1, m. Catius, i., 2, m. eqiiitatus, us, 4, m. autruin, i., 2, n. ; specus, us, 4, m. Cecilia, aj, 1, f. centurio, onis, 3, m. i- Jix(ul, sure, cortus. ii. a particular per- son, quidam. certe. casus, 4, m. crimen, 3, n ; nomen, 3, n. prajdicere, 3. Iffitus, PUT moderare, 1 ; temperare, 1. pra3cipue, maxime. principatus, 4, m. 1. liberi, orum, 2, m. ii. child, puer, 2, m. legere, 3 ; deligere, 3. Christianus, adj. Cicero, onis, 3, m. res, rei, 5, f. civis, is, 3, c. urbs, urbis, 3, f. vestitus, 4, m. ; indutus, 4, m. constat, Impers., 1. callidus, sollers. omlum, i., 2, n. pallium, i., 2, n. ; poenula, 1, f. prope {with ace.) ; juxta {with ace). tunica, aj, 1, f. ; vestimentum, 2, n. poenula, 03, 1, f. cohors, 3, f. color, oris, 3, m. venire, 4 ; pervenire. i. verb, imperare, 1 {followed by dative, and ut with subj. ) ; jubere {tmth ace. and infinitive), to be in command, praeesse. li. subst. a command, jussum, i. adniittere scelus ; commitere scelua. communis, e. socius, 2, m. confere, 3 . . . with=cvim. cogere, 3. salutem dicere, 3. Condemn to death capitis damnare Condition . . conditio, 3, t' ' celare, 1. interest. Impers, with ace. and gen. nnis, is, 3, m. XXVIU VOCVBULARY. Conduct oneself Confer . . . Confess . . . conqratulate . Conqueor . Conscious . Consider . Consist Conspiracy Construct Consul Consulship Consult for Content . Convenient Cook . Corinth Corn . Cost , . Counsel CoUiiTENANCE Country . Countryman Courage . Courtesy . Coward . Cowardice Crafty Create, to Crime . . Crcesus Crown . . Cross . . Cruelty . Cubit . . CuM.E . . Custom. . DAILY . Danger . Dangerous Dart . . Daughter Day . . . Day before se gf^rere, 3. tril acre, 3 ; confer benefits, beneficere, 3 (with dat). confiteri, fateri, 2, dcp. gratulari, 1, dep. vincere, 3 ; superare, 1. cousciua. cogitar ', 1 ; sestimare, 1. constare, 1 ; consistere, 3. conjiiratio, 3, f. construere, 3 ; facere, 3. consul, is, 3, m. consulatus, us, 4, m. consiilere (see 385, 3). contentus [with all.), contentedly, con- tentus sorte. opportuniis. coquere, 3. Corinthus, i., 2, f. frumentum, 2, n. stare, 1 ; constare, I. consilium, i., 2, n. facies, ei, 5, f. ; vultus, us, 4, m. ; to give one's countenance to, favere, 2 {with dat.). rus, ruris, 3, n. ; ora, 1, f. ; terra, 1, f. civis, 3, m. ; popularis, 3, m. virtus, tutis, 3, f. humanitas, tis, 3, f. ignavus, adj. ignavia, fe, 1, f. astutus, dolosus, callidus. crearo, 1 ; facere. 3. flagitium, i., 2, n. ; scelus, oris, 3, n. Croesus, i., 2, m. corona, vq, 1, f. transire, 4; trajicerc [with two accusatives) , crudelitas, atis, 3, f. cubitum, i, 2, n. Cumw, arum, 1, f. mos, moris, 3, m. ; consuetude, inis, 3, f. i. diurnus, quotidianus, adj. ii. quotidie, adv. periculum, i, 2, n. ; discrimcn, is, 3, n. 'periculosus. telum, i, 1, 2, n, ; jaculum, i, 2, n. lilia, ie, 1, f. uies, ei, 4, m. nnti i. pridie. Day after, postridie. ! 1 VOCABULARY. XXIX Day, to- Deaf Dear . Death . Debt Deceive DeC'LAI{E ' Declare war Decree Deed . Defeat , Defence Defend Defender , Delightful Delights, it Demand . Deny . . Depart . . Departure . Descended Desire . . . Desire . . . Desirous . . Desist . . . Despise . . Destroy . , Destruction . Detain . . . Devote . . . Devote oneself Dictator . , Die ... . Difficult . . Disagreeable Discharge . Discover . Discreet . Disgrace . Disgraceful Dishonour Dispel . . Disposition hodie. surdus. cams, mors, tis, 3, f. oes alienuin, eea, scris. fallere, 3. (Icclarare, 1 : edicere, 3. boUuin indiccre. decernere, 3. factum, i, 2, n. ; gestum, i, 2, n. {daring deed); faciims, oris, 3, n. i. verh, superare, 1, ii. subst. clades, is, 3, f. pr.Tsidium, i, 2, n, defendere, 3 ; propugnare, 1. defensor, oris, 3, m. amojuus (delii/htful to see) ; jucundus {de- Ihlhtful in any loay). delectat ; juvat, 1, irnpers. postulare, 1. negare, 1. (Nego is used to translate: say . . . not, e.g., he says he will not come = -nega,t se venturuiii). abire, 4 ; proficisci, dep. 3 ; discedere, 3. discessus, ua, 4, m. ; profectio, onis, 3, f, oriundiis. cupiditas, atis, 3, f. ciipere, 3 (~ask), qucere (of=ex,). avidus, cupidus. desistere, 3. contemuere, 3 ; spernere, 3. delere, 2 ; consumere, 3. exitium, i., 2, n. ; excidium, i., 2, n. remorari, 1, dep. studere, 2 ; incumbere, 3. to studere (ivith dat. ). dictator, toris, 3, m. mori, dep., 3. dirticilis, e. luolestus, injucundiis. i. discharge one's duty, fungi, dep., 3, ii. discharge tveapons, tela coujicere. reperire, 4 ; invenire, 4 ; iutelligere, 3, &c. prudens, providus. dedecus, oris, 3, n. turpis, e, inhonestua. dctlecus, oris, 3, n. jjoUere, 3. i. natural turn of mind, indoles, is, 3, f, ii. arrangrmrjit, dispotiiliu, ouia, 3, f., 3 ; collocatio, ouia, 3, f. XXX VOCABULARY. Dissatisfied greatly, to be Distance, at a Distant . . . Ditch Do . Divide . Divine . Double, to Doubt . Drachma Dreadful Dream . Drink . Due . . During Duty Dwell . . . EACH . . . , Easy . . . Ea' .... Egg .... Eight . . . Elder families Elections , . Eloquent , . Else, • • • Eminent, to be . Emperor . . . Emperor, to be , Empire . Empty, to Encamp End . . Endeavor Endowed Endued Enemy . Enjoy . Enough poenitet, 2. Imper. eminus, adv. i. to he distant, abesse. ii. far off, adj. disjunctus ; adv. procul. fossa, 3d, 1, f. facere, .3 ; agere, 3 ; do with one, facere (with the abl. ) dividere, 3. divinus. duplicare, 1. dubitare, 1. drachma, jb, 1, f. terribilia, e ; horribilis. somniare, 1 ; a dream, somnium, bibere, 3 ; potare, 1. debitum, i, 2, n. ; suum. per with ace, inter, with ace; also by abl. absol, e.g. during the consulship of Ccesar=Csesa.ve consule. i. ofl&cium, i. 2, n. ; ii, a particular duty, munus, eris, 3, n., 1, also sign of the genitive, e.a,., it is the duty of tfie king — est regis. habitare, 1. uterque, of two ; quisque, generally. facilis, e. edere, 3. ovum, i, 2, n. octo, indecl. adj. (applied to senate) majores gentes. comitia, orum, 2, n. eloquens, facundus. taken with some other word (e.g. some one else), alius, eminere, 2, imperator, oris, 3, m. imperare, L imperium, i, 2, n. se eifundere, 3. castra ponere, 3; castra locare, 1. _ i. subst., tinis, is. 3, m.; summum. ii. verb, finire, 4 ; conficere. conari, 1, dcp. > prteditus (with abl. ) hostis, is, 3, ; inimicus, i, 2, m. frui, .3, dep.; gauderc, 2. satis. Enter . . . , Entrust . . ', Enumerate, to . Equestktan . Equitable . Esteem • • • Even . . . . Evening . . . Ever . , • • • • Every .... Every one . Everything . .' Every time . Evil . . . .' Example . Exasperate . Excel . . . .' Excellent Exchange Exclaim . Exhausted . Exhort . . Exile . . Expecting, not Expedient, it la, Expel . , experiejtce Explain . Eye . . . FABIUS . Faithful . Fall . . Far, by , Fatal . . Fault , . FAusTua . Feab . . Fear, to . Feed on . Feel .... Feelings . . VOCABULARY. ^^^ intrare, 1. persequi, 8, dep. • equestris, e. . sequus. vesper, .3, m. i^^iieia. "":"S=7"':^%S - ^-oo, e.g. ir quisque. malum, i, 2, n. exemplum, i, 2, n. egregiua, prastans. mutare, 1. clamare, 1 ; exclamare, I. confectus (participle). nortari, 1. expedit, 4, inipers. expeUere, 3; a^ao ejicere. 3 uaua rerum. Fabius, a man's name, 2, m cadere, 3. multo; longe. funeatus, fatalis, e. culpa ae,l,f.; peccatum, i, 2. n Faustua,!, a 7na«'5 name, 2 m metus, ua, 4, m.; timer, oria, 3 m finding o/animai). ' °'' ^ ''** aentire, 4. animuo, i, 2, m. xxxu VOCABULARY. Fellow Fertility Fbw Field . Fiktkkn Fifty . FiauT . Fii^. Finish . First . Fish . . FiTTKD . Five Fix . . Flee . Fleet . Flesh , Flight . Floo Flower Fly (snhst.) Fob . . Folly . Fond Food . Foolish Foot For . . Forbid .... Forced MARcnES, Forces .... Foreign to . . Forget, to . . Former ; i-atter. Fortification . Fortify . . . Fortune . . . Forty .... Forum .... Forward, to send Four .... Four hundred . Freedom . . . Free, to . . . Friend .... homo, inis, 3, m. fertilitas, atis, 3, f. paucus, rams. agcr, agri, 2, m. ; arvum, i, 2, n. quindecim, indccl. adj. quinquaginta, indccl. adj. pugiiarc, I ; piv-uliuiu committere, 3 ; dimi- care, 1. tenuis, e (fine in texture) ; pulcher. coniicero, 8; finire, 4. primi: primus; (adv.) primum; at first, primo ami primum. i. subd. piscis, is, 3, m. ii. verb, piscare, 1, dep. idoneus, aptus [xcith dat.). quiuque, indccl. adj. coustituere, 3. fugere, 3, f. classis, is, 3. caro, caruis, 3, f. fuga, ;v, 1, f. cixidere virgis ; (fteat) verberare, 1. ties, rioris, 3, m. musca, aj, 1, f. liostis, is, 3, c; inimicua, i, 2, m. stultitia, a;, 1, f. am an 9. cibus, i, 2, m. stultus, fatuus. pes, pedis, 3, m. pro, unth aid. (see Part I.), propter; (for this reason) propter earn cauaam); nam, enim, conj. prohibere, 2; vetare, 1. magna itinera. copia3, copiarum, 1, f. alicnus, a. oblivisci, 3, dep. ille; bic. nuinitio, onis, 3, f. nuinire, 4. Fortnna, a?, 1, f. quadrigiuta, indecl. adj. forum, i, 2, n. praMnittere, 3. quatuor, indecl, adj. quadringenti. bbertas, tis, 3, f. Hliorare, 1. amicus, i, 2, n. VOCABULARY. XXXlll FKiEN-DsrilP . . araicitia, a;, 1, f. J,""'^' .... a, al), do, with abl. *^"^ .... pli.nus. FUKTHEST, AT THE SlUlimum. (tABII . . <»AME . , Oarh . . (tARDKN CJate . . VmXVI, . . Gellius OE^fERAL . (rENTLENESS CtERMANS , Girl . , Give . , Give up . Glad . . Go . . . (lOD .... eu3, i. 2, m. Irreq. dea, je, 1, f. Dat. and abl plur. deabus auriiin, i, 2, n. hoiuis; to do good, prodosse. imperare, 1 ; inoderari, 1, dep. proconsul, ulis, 3, m.; procurator, oris. 3, m. ' concedere, 3 ; tribuere, 3. uva, as 1, f. gratus, jucundus. magnus; spacious, amplus; so great tantus. ' multrm, multa, adj. magui ajstimare. avaritia, a;, 1, f. (Jra'ci, orum, 2, m, dolor, oris, 3, in, gravis, e. humus, i, 2, f. ; on the ground, hnmi gignere, 3 ; gnasci, 3, dep. pnusidium, i, 2, n. damnare, 1. manus, us, 4, f. ; closc-to-hand, hand tO' /Kind, comiuus. Hannibal, is, 3, m. felioitas, tis, 3, f . ; vita beata. XXXIV VOCABULARY. Happy . Hard . Harm . Harvest Hat Hate , Hateful Havii: . Hfi . . Head . Health Healthy Hear . Heavy . Heotoh Heiuih' Helmet Help . Her . Here. . Hesitate Hide . HlOH . HiGirLY, TO THINK OF Hill HiMSELE, HERSELF, ITSELF His, hers, its Hold . . History . Holy . . Home . . Honey . . Honor . . Honourable Honourably Hope . . Horace HoRATtUS . Horse . . felix, cia ; beatns. i. hard to loach, dnrus. ii. hard to do, (lilHcilis, e. nocere, 2, uilth dat., Itcdere, 3. messis, is, 3, f. petasus, i., 2, m. odissu, 3, defect. ; hated, invisus, adj. odioaus ; iuvisus, habere, 2. usually translated hy a verbal inflection; emphatic, ipse, ille, iate ; general, is ; reflexive, ace. case, se. caput, itis, 3, n. valetudo, inis, 3, f. ; sanitas, tatia, 3, f. ; to be in good health, bene valere. aabibris. audire, 4. gravis, e. Hector, oris, 3, in. altitiido, inis, 3, f. ; heights, loca superiora. cassis, idis, 3, f. ; galea, io, 1, f. auxilium, i., 2, n. opis, defect. ; sub- sidium, 2, n. ilia, ipsa, ista, ea ; possessive adj., suua. hie, adiK dubitare, 1. celare, 1. altiis. magni a^stimari, with ace. collis, ia, 3, m. se, reflexive ; ipse, a, um, in agreement subject ; by himself =sohi9, suns, reflexive; ejus, generally. tenere, 2. historia, fe, 1, f. sanetus. donuis, us, irreg. ; at home, domi ; home- tcards, or {to) home, donium. mel, lis, 3, n. honor, oris, 3, m. honestus. honesto. i. verb, sperare, 1. ii. subst. spes, 5, f. YoK are my hope, in te spem pono. Horatius, i., 2, m. equus, i, 2, m. ; caballus, i, 2, m. ; horse- back on, ex eq^uo. VOCABULARY. xxxv Hostile Hour . HOWKVER Humble HUNDHED Hunger Hurtful Husband How Idleness If . . Ignorant . . Ill, to si'gak Illustrious . Immediately . Immortal . . Impli(;ated . Impute . . In ... . of Indeed . , . Industrious . . Influence with, to have . . . TvroRM . . . Inhabitant . . Injurious , . . TvNOCENT . . . .I'RUCT . . . TRtiCTOR . . . '/ECT . . . , xENTIONALLY . Interest of, it IS THE . . . Into .... Iron .... Island .... It Italy Its . JANUS iniraicua, bitterly hostile ; infestua. hora, uj, 2, f. tameu ; veruntamen. humilis. centum, indecl. adj. fames, is, 3, f. noxiua, nocens. maritus, i., 2, m. ; vir, viri, 2, m. quani {ado.), usually translated by verbal inflection ; em- phatic, ego. ignavia, te, i, f. si, with indie, if something is merely as- sumed : with suhj. if something is re- presented as only likely to happen. ignarus (with gen.). maledicere,, 3, with dat. clarus. statim. immortalis. aflUnis. dare, 1 ; vertere, 3 ; tribuere, 3. in, with ace. after verbs of motion: with abl. signifying rest (during) per. vero. industrius, strenuus, diligena. valere apud. certiorem facere, 3 ; nuntiare, 1. incola, ae, 1, c. noxius, nocens ; gravis, e. innoxius, nut guilty ; insons. erudire, 4; (camma«(^) mandare, 1, magister, i, 2, m., &c. ; a., 1, £. mens, tis, 3, f . de industria ; volenter. interest, ^ised with laea, tiia, sua, &c., and the gen. of subst. (See Grammar), in, with ace. ferrum, i., 2, n. insula, m, 1, f. is, ea, ill : our English impersonal it w translated by a verbal inflexion. Italia, ae, name of a country, i. suus, sua, suum, reflexive ; ejus, generally. Janus, i. name of a mythological personage, 2, m. " XXXVl Journey . JovB . . JUDOR . . .lUIXlMKNT. JuiilA . . JUI.IIJS . , Jl'ST . . JUSTIOE KEEP KUOM Kill Kind KrND-lIRARTBD Kindness KrN() . Know . Kkki* kjnouant ok OoliUO, 1. VOCAHULAUY. iter, itnoria, 3, n. ; tofiimh a jourmy, iter oonlictTo. Jupitor, .IdviH, name of a mythoUxjiail per- HOIHtiJV, ,'{, in. Judex, iciH, W, c. jiuliciiun, i, 'J, ii. ; opinion, scnteutia, ce, 1, f. Julia, lu, a womnti^n namv, I, f. JuliuH, i,, (I iiKtii's iKiiiit', 2, m. juHtuH, iiMiuus (vx.dctlji, uutli nuiiicralx) ipso, juatitia, la, 1, f. ; also by mut. o/juatu8, IU([UUS. contincro, 2. Knowledge . Knowleduk of, wrruouT tue intorlicero, '^ ; nocarc, I ; occidore, 3. beuigiiuH, hoiiolioua, heiicvolus (of thin kind), hujuainoilo. btiiiiguiia. i. fvAiiiij of hiinlnesH, Iwnignitas, atia, 3, f. ii. acl of kindnvnx, buuolicium, ii, n. rex, reikis, 3, in. (of a fact) scire, 4, followed hy ncc. with injin. ; (of a peraon) cognoacere, 3. seientia, ju, 1, f. clam, loitk abj. ; sometimes with ace, LABIENUS . . lAabienus, i., a '/ttrtw's /javw, '2, ni. Labouk . , . i, verb, laboraie, 1. ii. subst. labor, oris, 3, m. ; opus, 3, n. IjAKE .... lacua, ua, 4, m. Lame .... claudua. Lamb .... agnua, 1, 2, m. Lakue .... granilia, e. : niaguus ; a large house, domua amjjia. Last .... poatreujus. Lauqh & laugh at ridcre, 2. Law .... lex, legia, 3, f. Layaside . . , dej)oiioro, 3. Lead across . . trajicere, 3. Use dux, cis, .3, m. in abl. ahsol., e.g., under my leadership - me duce. discere. doetua. doctrina, iv, 1, f. i. reliu(iuere, 3. ii. to go aivay, discederey leaoe out, omittere, 3. sinister. logic, ouis, 3, f. Leadership Learn . . Learned . Learning . Leave , . Left . . I^EQION . . VOCABULARY. XXXVll liENdTlI IjETTER . liioirr . liIKE (ivrh) lilKiriKNANT Like Lion . , lilMTKN . . l-iFlTKH (a vchlrh Live London Long . Lord IjOUD, ok iriMSEI. JjOME IjOss Lot . . Love JjOve, to Loving . Luc I LI us lucullus Lyons . In a phrase such as, throe feet in length, UHc adj. lonyuH. epistola, a-, I, f. ; littoraj, arum, 1, f . ; a Ivtttr of the alphabet, littora. vita, H), 1 , f . ; aUo - lifetime. lunieu, inis, ',\, n. amare, I ; juvare, \. Ie>,'atu8, i, '2, iii. adj. siinilis, with (fen. or dat. adv. mmWtar, foUoiued fnj a.tic.; ceu, quasi, velut, haud aliter ac. leo, nis, ',\, m. aiiHcultaro, 1 ; audire, 4 ; obediro, 4. Icctica, iu, 1, f. ; to be carried in a litter, loetica ferri, vivero, 3; Una on, veaci, 3; dwell in, or at, habitare, \. Londiuinin, i, name of a town, 2, n. longus, when measure in Hpecified followed bij ace. dominus, i, 2, m. sibi imperiosus. perdere, 3 ; aniittere, 3. damnum, 2, n. sors, tis, 3, f, amor, oris, 3, m. ; {filial) pietas, tis, 3, f. amare, 1 ; diligere, 3. amans. Lucilius, i, 2, m. Lucullus, i, 2, ra. Lugduuuni, i, 2, n. MAKE. Man Mandate Manlius Manv . Many, a good . Mahcellus . , March, on the, TO BE. March , Marcus Makius Marry Marseilles facere, 3. homo, inis, 3, m. ; vir, viri, 2, m. mandatura, i, 2, n. Manliiis, i, 2, ra. multi, pleri(iue ; how many? = quot complurea; plerique. Marcellus, i, 2, n^. iter facere, 3 ; iu itinera esse, contendere, 3 ; iter faeere, 3. Marcus, i, 2, m. Marius, i, 2, m. i. of the man, ducere, and ducere in ma- trimonium, 3. ii. of the woman, nu- bere, with dat. Ma?si)ia, ?c, 1, t 1 xxxviii VOCABULARY. H Master . . . dominui, i, 2, m. ; to be master of oweV self, sihi tenipcrare. ^^^1 Master of, to be potiri, 4, (Up. ^^H| Match for, to br par esse ; no match for, impar, vr'ith dat. 1. HultHt. affair, res, rei, 5, f. ii, hup. verb, ^^^D Matier . . . ^^^1 it matters, refert. ■ Means .... when used in a phrane, by means of, trana- late by a, ab, or {if Heenndary or agent) iKjr ; generally, modus, i, 2, m. ■^^B Message . . . nuntius, i, 2, m. ^^^B Messenger . nuntius, i, 2, m. l^^l Metellus . . . Metellua, i, 2, m. ^^^1 Might .... o])8,, imth all one's might, gumma ope, Miletus, i, 2, f. ^^^1 Miletus . . . ^^^1 Milk .... lac, tis, 3, n. ■ Mina .... mina, fo, I, f, a Roman coin : in silver, vxirth about £3 158. sterling; in gold, about £17 158. I^^H Mindful . . .i memor. ^^^1 MiSKRABLE . . miser. ^^^1 Misery. . . . miseria, 1, f. ^^^1 Misfortune . . res adversie ; also ad versa {adj.) ^^^1 Mistake, to . . errorem facere. ^^^1 Mistress . . . domina, m, 1, f. ^1 Money .... pecunia, je, 1, f.: a piece of money, nu- raus, 2. ^^^1 Month .... mensis, is, 3. m. ■ More .... plus, pluris, used as a sub. in sing. ; adv., niagis ; also translated by the inflexion of the comparative. ^^^1 Morning, in the mane, ado.; very early, diluculo. ^^^1 Morrow, to- eras, adv.; crastino die. H Most .... plurimus, plerique, most people ; adv. maxime ; also translated by the in- flexion of superlative. ^^M Mountain . . mens 3, m. ^^^1 Move .... ipovere, 2. m Mother ... . mater, tris, 3, f. ^^^1 Much less . . nedum. ^^^1 Multitude . . multitudo, inis, 3, f. ^^^1 Murder . . . necare, 1 ; trucidare, 1. ^^^1 Music .... musica, vd, or musice, es, 1 , f. ^H| My, mink . . . mens. nm NAME . . . i. verb, nominare, 1. ii. siibst., nomen. In inis, 3, n. ; in the name of, &c. = Pro fidem ! fl^ffl Naplf»s. . . . Neapolis, is, 3, f. ^^^H Narrate . . . narrare, 1. W^^^^M Narrowness . . ■ augusticc, 1, f. 1 t VOCABULAUY. XXXix 1 1 Nation . . . . gens, tiH, .3, f. ; natio, .3, f. | B Nkak . . . . prope, juxta, atlr., both with ace. lero, pit'iie, lult'. ' | ^1 Nearly . . . ^1 Nbcessauy, it is. oportet; also -"I must." ^1 Need , . . . i. niih.'it., opus. ii. verb, egero. ■ H Neiuuhourino . vicinuH, pn>i)in(|uu8. ' BH Neuvh . . . . Nurvii, ioruin, 2, n. \ ^1 Net rote, is, 3, n. ; ft spider's net or web, telce, \ arum, 1, f. ■ Never . , . nutuiuam. i. a/. nl)s. ^■H Opp(vse . . . . oj>jionert>, .S, with deU. ^^^^1 Oppress . . . jM-euicre, 3. ^^^1 Opulent . . .. opuloutua. H^H Oration . . . oratio, onis, .*?, f. ^^^B Orator . . . orator, orivS, .'?, m. B Order , . . . i. (vW>, imporai-e, I, in'th d<7f.; julx^ro, 2, with ace. ii. suht((. an order, juB- sum, 2, n.; imivratuui, 2, n. HB^ Original . . . pristinus. I^^Hi OSTIA , . . . Oatia, a% 1, f. Bi Otuer , . . . alter, other of two: alius, other, when nof the same aa any bef'oi'e- mentioned. I^H Our .... . noster. ■^^1 Out of , . . . e, ex, do, mfh ahL ; extriv, leith ace. l^^^l OuTSIDfi . . . extra, with ace. ^^^1 Ovid . . . . Ovidius, i., a man ft name, 2,, m. ^B Own . . . . my own, me\xz ; hin own, suus, &c. wKm PAIN . . . . dolor, oris, S, m. ^^^1 Pansa . . , . Riusa, ii\ a mans name, I, m. H Pardon . . . {of a suiH'rior) veui dare, ((/ an eqital)i ignoscHjre, 3. ^H Parent . . . parens, tis, 3, c. ^^^H Passions . . . juiimus, 2; m. ^^^1 Past (-:past ^^^B THINOS) . . pra'terita, pi. adj. ^HM Patience . . , patieutia, te, 1, f. ^^Hl Pay .... . solvere, 3 ; [wudere, ;j. ^^H Peace . . . . ixix, jxicis, 3, f. IH^ People . » . . populus, i., 2, m.; plobs; bis, 3, f., the lower ordeis. HMh Perhato . . . fortasse ; less emphatic, forsitan. Hi Perish . . . perire, 4. ^ perniittere, 3 ; without perviiifsion, invitus. ^H8 Permission, to 1 injussu ; without my jM'rmis.'iion, me . '- invito ; vith your penuission, pace tua ; J am permitted - J may - licet ^im 'IIVE . . . ^H^ Permit . . . I^H^H ) mihi. ^^H Persuade . . . persuadore, 2, with dot. ^^H Picture . . . tabula, picta, a>, J, f. ^^1 Pitch a camp . castra, pouere, 3 ; nunire, 3 ; and locare, I. 1 vo(;AnuLAnY. xli Pity, to . . . Pl.ACK .... Pl-AIN .... Plan .... Planous . . . Plant .... Plkahuuk . . . Plicasant . . . Pl,KASK .... Pr.KASKI) . . . Pleahurk, to give Plf.nty . . . pujndkr, to . . PORM .... Poet .... Pond .... Pooh .... Position (of affuirn) POHSKSHTON OF, TO j TAKE • • . [ Possess . . . ) Post, chief . . Power .... Powerful Phaotisb . . pRil5TOR . . Praise. . . Pray . . . Pre(iede . . Preeminent . Prefer . , Present . . Present AT, touk PliESENT, TO BE Present, to . Preserve . . Prevent . . Previously to Price . . . Proconsul . misororc, 2; misf^resci, .?, (frp. and mwrct, 2. liupciK. Xotiii, JiiiHcriiun-diii. loons, i. ; plural, loci, ami looa, 2, hvtcrco- Ift'lllOIIH. planitioH. 5, f. concilium, i., 'J, n. ; to forma plan, oon- cilinni capcrc. Pluncua, i., a mwCH name, 2, m. Hcrcro. 3. volni)tas, tis, .'I, f. jucuiulus ; plnmaut to look ou, anuMius. placcrc, 2, it plcascn me (/ like) -nio libet. la'tus. to do a ph'asure (o anyone, gratnm facere alicui. co])ia, a% I, f. ; copia?, /orce«, or Iroopx. (lirij>ure, 3. carmen, inis, ^, n. pocta, !o, I, m. Htagnum, i., 2, n. jiaupcr, oris ; ogens. rcrnni status. ' i. verb, potiri, dep., 4; vnth aid. or gen. I ii. ii. nuhnt., houa, possessions. principatus, 4, m. vis, 3, f. ; potcstas, tatis. 3, f. ; in our power, penos nos ; with all his power. suminiH viribus, summu opo. potcns, validus. colore, 3. pra'tor, oris, 3, m. I. verb, laudaro, 1. ii. subsl. laus, laudis, 3, f. orarc, I ; precari, 1, dep. anteoedere, 3. prajstans, insignis. malic, i. lrre(f. Anteponero, 3, vnth dat. and arc ; posthabcrc. 2. donum, 2, n. ; niunua, 3, n. adosao. Irreg. donare, 1. scrvarc, 1 ; conservare, 1. prohibere, 2; obstarc, \ , folloimd hy qnu minus and, sahj. ante . . . quam ; priua . . . qnam, l)rotinm, 2, n. pro-consul, ulis, 3, m. 1 xlii VOCABULARY. i ^- ^H Promise, a , . promissum, 2, n. ; fides, ei, 5, f. 1 ^^^H Promisb, to . . promittere, 3 ; polliceri, 2, dep. ^I^H Prophetic . . divinua ; fatidicus. l^^l Proph^tor . proprtetor. ^^^H Proud . . . . superbus ; to be proud, superbire, 4, ^H Prove . . . . probare, 1 ; docere, 2. Prove oneself, se pnestare, prtebere. H Prudence . . . prudentia, se, 1, f . ; consilium, 2, n. j iclthoui prudence, expers, consilii. ^^^H PUBLIUS . . . Publius, i., rt viands name, 2, m. i^^^l Punish . . ) punire, 4 ; pcenas sumere, ^;tohe pimished, . . S poenas dare ; punishment, poena, 1, f. Hra^l Punishment H^^l Pupil . . . . discipulus, i., 2, n. ^^^^H Put on . . induero, 3. HH Pursue . . sequi, 3, dep. ; persequi, 3, dep. ^H QUEEN . . . regina, se, 1, f. ^■^^^ Question . . . interrogare, 1. ^^^H Quick . , . . celer, citus ; velox ; quickly, celeriter. ^■B QUINTUS . . . Quiutus, i, , a man's name, 2, m. WBi RAGE . . . . ira, se, i., . ; furor, 3, m. HB Kampart . . , vallum, i., 2, n. Hi Rank . . . . ordo, inis, 3, m. ; of noble rank, baud ob- scuro loco natua. ^^^1 Rapid , . . . celer ; rapidus. ^^^H Rash . . . . prfeceps, temerarius. bBH Rather . . . potius ; to have rather, malle. Irreg. ^y^H Reach , . . . attingere, 3 ; pervenire, m. ^H^H Read . . . . legere, 3 ; read through, ])erlegere, 3, ^^H Reality . . . res vera ; in realiig, re vera. ■ Reason . . i. subd., consilium, ratio, mens; =cause = causa, ii. phrase : for tvhai reason, cur, quare, quamobreia. ^mI Recall . . revocare, 1. hH Receive . . . accipere, 3 ; recipere, 3. H Reckon . . . i. to value, cestimare, 1. ii. to count, numerare, 1. ^^H Record . . referre, 3 ; tradere, 3. . . i. to bring to any condition, redigere, 3. ii. tu conquer, vincere, 3 ; subigere, 3. ^H Reduce ^^fl ^^^^1 Refuse . . . . recusare, 1. ^^H Reoulus . . . Regulus, i. , a man's name, 2, m. ^^^1 Rejoice . . . gaudere, semi dep., 2 ; Isetari, dep., 1. ^^^H Relate . . exponere, 3 ; referre, 3. ■^Imh Relyino . . . fretus, with abl. i^m Remain . . manere, 2. ^^^^H^H REMEiUBER . . recorder, 1, dep. ; memini, reminisci, 3, dep. LffllH Remind . 1 . . monere, 3 : admonere, 2. 1 VOCABULARY. xliii Rekder . Renowned Repay . . Repent Reply . . retldere, 3 ; prsebere, 2. larus. pra;cla IjBqua ac re. Report Require Reside in Resist . , Restrain , Return Revile . . Revolution Rheims . Rhodes. Rhone . Rhine . Rich Riches . Right . Rise River . Road . Rob . . Robber . Roman . Rome . Roomy . Royal . Rubicon Rule . SACRED Safe Safety, in Safety . Salute . Same . Sardis . Satisfaction, one's. Satisfy Say, to pcenitet, 2 ; impers. i. verb, respondere, 2. ii. subst., respon- sum, 2, m. renuntiare, 1 ; referre, 3 ; to a letter, re- scribere. (ask) poscere, 3. (to be 2)/aced) poni, 3, resistere, 3 ; obatare, 1 ; repugnare, 1. retinere, 2. i. verb, give back, reddere ; come back, redire, 4 ; regredi, 3, dep. (*im. H. .a. i. an aiHoHut, suni'i • inoihji, grauiiia > sum, uarvi protii. ft'stas, ;i, t, Buppoilitaro alitj^uul iUioui. luirus. (leiUtio. 3. f. oirouuuluiv, 3; oingoro, 3. iuUH'riuui, 'J, ii. iluiois, 0. n:vre. I ; swim across, tranaro, I. ' ghitlius, i, '2, m. Syr;u'iisa>, arum, 1, f. Taoitus. i, a mans name, 2, m. capiTO. 3 ; suuun-, [\ ; to (akr in i/ood part, houi I'oiisiiU'iv, iu lu)noiu partiMU ac- ciiu IV, Itoni or aniui bonitjuo laouro. caviTf, 'J; ouraro, 1. (loOl'IO, 'J. magiistiT, tri, -, m. lacriiua ; in tears, iaorimans. loii^ua. narrari! ; dicroro, 3. prooollosua. tcmphun, i, '2, n. ; a-ilos, 3, f . ; pi. o hotltf. tcntaio, I ; si)liioitaro, 1. (ilMHIU. Toniuios, 1, f. ilooiiiius. ootulitioiuis, 3, f. lines, 3, f. terror, 3, i. 'J'aiai H\n, is, 3, m. quaui, also translated hy ahl. after conipa- ratiiHs. i. pron. ilk), irtto, is, rclat. qui. ii. conj. lit, ({uod. furtuni, i, '2, n. i. rejlc.xire, huuh. ii. non-rejle.xive, oorum. He ; t/ieif theniaelvea, ipai. turn, illic. ibi. VtH'AUl'UAUV Xl vu TUKKK W TUKt{KK\>U TUU-K . TUIN rh»M't> M ♦Wf«/ »|jt tm iHtl'\HhK't0iy ^.f(iUtii'* , '»r/j»V M i) TlllMv . TlUKO . Tills rmiiiKU 'riiijKic , 'riiKin'uu Ti'Utiw . TlllKli . Tii.iu . 'I'lMIC TlMK Tiuici. 'I'm.s To . T(M»AV . . Too Kill III! . Ti'MIl ToiMl . . ro-.MlUflttiW 'l"t>N(aiic Toi- . . . T 'J' T TllWAIMiH Town . TnAVioi,, Tuiuniiai T T T riiicic i'lttllllNIi', I'll I II iMv 11; I'Uool'H . TlioV . TKiiMrici' TllllMT . TUM.U . tUMIHUH, ftr »« t>«t. tftinijit multtt, . put.uo. I; ».ons,-iv. ',•; thini' highlit ,./ ui' t> t/, ,♦/ ty', luu^iu {»>Mtuium>, . tt'l'tiUH, . hio, hioo, hoo, . \\\\u\ . tioH, iiuifi'L iutj, I thrrt^ ifittf^ ImiIuuiu, . JU-r, with Ml'C, (JC ivftilt if si\/n^fi,:)i liy uu^Min o(, tittnslntr- liji ttl'L . jnt'.'i.'. ;i ; (►,. (/now ,t( oiif'^/tift, wlioui rtvl I'lulort liiojiooio, . Til».'n«. Tyl.ns. Ttl.iirt. w, ,„■ iUin, :i, ,„ . 'I'll'iir, tii'iM. ,H, in, . JompiiM. ;i. \\.',/i»'(ft,-^fit'iit tiinr', piiiutuu . /tU'Mf <*rfo//i/, iU>rUIUi,/ti»' (ft, tttiitl, ti'i'tiuiii, i\;ti, . ti'iniMii, oiiH, l\, u.; oj/f, M'trtM, Jl, I', . ioHHiin, (l«>l'ort«urt; / ((//( ^♦,r,/, iiu> (nultit. . TitiiM, i, 'J, III. . i. (i/Vf-r I'fi'hd tit' iimtiitn tiuiHuih mimH tini'iifi lilt, I istiiiiils, tiiinnLittil Uy act', ii. iifiiri'iitl;/, inl, III. Imditi, Hitmil, iiiiii. iif'tt n t'ulltiionl ftjj onm. linimhiM, t,, -J, III. 'I'oliil. oniii,, •.». I", J ,tU> ToitiiH. irt, l\, f, (•liui ; oihmIiiki ilin. liiii.-ii.a. (,«, I, r, trtnis'iitr hi/ Miiiimuirt, iit iifirn^otfiU with milt/it., (,,/ . hiiniiiiu iiiiiiit,!', Htiiiiltm voiui, MiiiiiiiiiM ai|iiiM. i'l;.;a ; ((;/' titllt) Willi. "|'|"','i"". i. -. II . urlin, in, :i, f. il.tir I'licnrt), ,H. I"'"'"''" '". .'1. f (mn„ii„i, H.i(, <.l (ii'dclitiry), iiilior, UI in, .'{, I'. l.iiiniiuiM, L', ill, '■'"""^"■. li. »;. III. ; nliin l,n.«viii, ,,t. «'0|.i/.,, (in, III, I. I. ; iiiiliU-w, ,'l, III. ''''■".i'l, IK, I, I'. •lll'l. it', I, I", liilii.i, ritiiljilnr,,, ,'{ Tilllui. ■„•; I, 1, xlviii VOCABULARY. Tprh Turn out TWKLVE Twenty Twice . Two . UNACQUAINTED Unaccustomed Under . . . Understanding Undertake . Undertaking Unexpectedly Unfair . • Unfortunate Unto . . • Untrue . . Unwilling, to be Unworthy . Use .... Useful . . Useless . . Utterly . . VALIANT Valour Value . Value . Value, of Varus . Veil. . Vent . Venusia Verres Verse . Very . Victory Vigor . Violence Virtue . Visit . more flectere, 3 ; vertere, 3 ; turn back, re- vertere, 3. (become) evadere, 3. duodecim, indecl. adj. viginti, hided, adj. vis. Twice a day = twice in a day. duo, a;, o. ignarus, with gen., or used in the obL absolute. insuetus. sub, with abl., but after verbs of motion with ace. ingenium, i., 2, n, ; mens, 3, f. excipere, 3. inceptum, i., 2, n. ; coeptum, 2 ; con- silium, 2. de improvise. iniquus. infelix, infaustus. ad, in, toith ace. : same in force as to. falsus. nolle. Irrec]. indignus, ivith abl. uti, 3, dep. ivith abl. ; it is of use, juvat. utilis, e. ; aptus. inutilis, e. ; irritus. funditus. fortis, acer, audax. virtus, utia, 3, f. jEstimare, 1 ; constructed with magni, pluris, maximi, &c. pretium, 2, n. pluris (pretii, understood). Varus, i., 2, m. velare, 1. evomere, 3. Venusia, te, 1, f. Vei'res, is, 3, m. carmen, inis, 3, n. ; one line of verse, versus, 4. admodum. victoria, se, 1, f. vigor, 3, m. vis, vim, vi ; with the greatest violence, suunna, vi ; plur.,\\xe9, 3, f., strength. virtus, utis, 3, f. ; probitas, 3, f. i. visere, 3. To visit one, aliquem con- venire. VOCABULAHY. xHx Voice . • • VOTK . • • VVAI-K Wall . I • * Want . . W.VK . • Waumke . Wakd off Watch Way Wealth VVkalthy Weapons Wfj^uy Wearied Web . Weight Well, to be What . . When , . Whence . W'here . . Whether Which . W' HITK . Whither Who Whole . Whose . W^HY Wicked Wife . W^ILL . W'lLLING WiNO . W^INE . vox, VOC13, .{. I. . "' ' ' sutnma voce, deccrnore, 3. ium, 3, n. egcre, 2 ; imligcre, J. helium, -2, n. bellicosus. i. verb, vigilare.. «ra«c/ioiy, cav ii. nubst, vigilia.il', I, f. . •'^"'♦'^ watch, prima ^^f]^' itj^.^is, 3, u. i. a road, via, k, 1, t. '/^f*^' ;"\ . V-t. iM ii. a manner of action, modus , the same way, eodemmodo awiti*.arum, l,f.;ope8,opum,.U. dives, itis ; OV^^^^^'^- telutn, 2. n. :^K;r^£Si^t^riii«-'-^«'.-- 1 taidet. f valere, 2 ; bene so habere, - . t" ^ convalesces. ^ ,„,,^„ . i. interrog. quid.' u. »aac. 4 quum, ubi ; i«o[;. quando . i. interrog. ubi ; ubinam . i ubi. ,jp , c. : 1! S?> veile. ii. subst. voluntas, ati.. o. f. . libens. . ala, Sd, 1, i- . viuum, i, 2, n. I VOCABULARY. VVlSDi)M VVrsK . . VV'isr, TO r.K Wtsii . . WrTU . . Within Wolf . . WOMAV \V.)NDERFrL Wood . . Word . . Work . . . . Worm) . . . Worthy . Would that Wound Wretched Write . . YIELD . YOUXC; MAN i hicmH, is, 3, f. ; whiter ■qiiai'Lcra, hibcrn». sapiontia, «>, 1, f. Hapiuns, calliilus. Hapere, 3. i. vnrh, velle. ii. Huhst. voluntaH, i. 3, f. cutn, with ahl. ; aim) abl. alom. intra. liipua, i, 2, m fcmina, as 1 , f . ; mulicr, is, 3, f . mirabilis, e; minis. silva, {e, 1, f. vorbum, i, 2. n. ; dictum, 2, n. ; to xe.nd word, certiorcm faitore ; to have a (100(1 word for, to speak wdl of, bene- (licere. i. subAt. opus, eris, 3, n. ; opera, ro, 1, f. ii. verb, laborare, 1. mundus, i, 2, m. ; orbis, 3, m. ; terroc, arum, f. ; orbis terr£B and orbis ter- rarum. dignus. utinam. i. verb, vulnerarc, sauciare, .1. n. simt. vulnus, cris, 3, n. miser; infelix. scribere, 3. concedere, 3. adoleecens ; [grown vp), juvcuis. OOPP, CURK * CO., PRINTED, 00LB0RV9 STRKCT, TORONTO.